-CITE- 10 USC CHAPTER 144 - MAJOR DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROGRAMS 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 10 - ARMED FORCES Subtitle A - General Military Law PART IV - SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT CHAPTER 144 - MAJOR DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROGRAMS -HEAD- CHAPTER 144 - MAJOR DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROGRAMS -MISC1- Sec. 2430. Major defense acquisition program defined. 2431. Weapons development and procurement schedules. 2432. Selected Acquisition Reports. 2433. Unit cost reports. 2434. Independent cost estimates; operational manpower requirements. 2435. Baseline description. 2436. Major defense acquisition programs: incentive program for contractors to purchase capital assets manufactured in United States. 2437. Development of major defense acquisition programs: sustainment of system to be replaced. [2438, 2439. Repealed.] 2440. Technology and industrial base plans. AMENDMENTS 2004 - Pub. L. 108-375, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 805(a)(2), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2009, added item 2437. 2003 - Pub. L. 108-136, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 822(a)(2), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1547, added item 2436. 1994 - Pub. L. 103-355, title III, Secs. 3005(b), 3006(b), 3007(b), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3331, substituted "Baseline description" for "Enhanced program stability" in item 2435 and struck out items 2438 "Major programs: competitive phototyping" and 2439 "Major programs: competitive alternative sources". 1993 - Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 828(a)(4), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1713, struck out items 2436 "Defense enterprise programs" and 2437 "Defense enterprise programs: milestone authorization". 1992 - Pub. L. 102-484, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 821(a)(2), div. D, title XLII, Sec. 4216(b)(2), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2460, 2670, added items 2438 and 2440 and redesignated former item 2438 as 2439. 1987 - Pub. L. 100-26, Sec. 7(b)(1), (2)(B), (9)(B), Apr. 21, 1987, 100 Stat. 279, 280, substituted "Major Defense Acquisition Programs" for "Oversight of Cost Growth in Major Programs" in chapter heading, added item 2430, and transferred former item 2305a from chapter 137 and redesignated it as item 2438. 1986 - Pub. L. 99-661, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1208(c)(2), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3976, inserted "; operational manpower requirements" in item 2434. Pub. L. 99-500, Sec. 101(c) [title X, Secs. 904(a)(2), 905(a)(2), 906(a)(2)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783-82, 1783-134, 1783-135, 1783-137, and Pub. L. 99-591, Sec. 101(c) [title X, Secs. 904(a)(2), 905(a)(2), 906(a)(2)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-82, 3341-134, 3341-135, 3341-137; Pub. L. 99-661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, Secs. 904(a)(2), 905(a)(2), 906(a)(2), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3914-3916, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100-26, Sec. 3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273, added items 2435 to 2437. Pub. L. 99-433, title I, Sec. 101(a)(4), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 994, added chapter heading and analysis of sections for chapter 144, consisting of sections 2431 to 2434. -End- -CITE- 10 USC Sec. 2430 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 10 - ARMED FORCES Subtitle A - General Military Law PART IV - SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT CHAPTER 144 - MAJOR DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROGRAMS -HEAD- Sec. 2430. Major defense acquisition program defined -STATUTE- (a) In this chapter, the term "major defense acquisition program" means a Department of Defense acquisition program that is not a highly sensitive classified program (as determined by the Secretary of Defense) and - (1) that is designated by the Secretary of Defense as a major defense acquisition program; or (2) that is estimated by the Secretary of Defense to require an eventual total expenditure for research, development, test, and evaluation of more than $300,000,000 (based on fiscal year 1990 constant dollars) or an eventual total expenditure for procurement of more than $1,800,000,000 (based on fiscal year 1990 constant dollars). (b) The Secretary of Defense may adjust the amounts (and the base fiscal year) provided in subsection (a)(2) on the basis of Department of Defense escalation rates. An adjustment under this subsection shall be effective after the Secretary transmits a written notification of the adjustment to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 100-26, Sec. 7(b)(2)(A), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 279; amended Pub. L. 102-484, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 817(b), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2455; Pub. L. 104-106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1502(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 106-65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1999 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106-65 substituted "and the Committee on Armed Services" for "and the Committee on National Security". 1996 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-106 substituted "Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on National Security of the House of Representatives" for "Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives". 1992 - Pub. L. 102-484 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), in par. (2) substituted "$300,000,000" for "$200,000,000", "1990" for "1980" in two places, and "$1,800,000,000" for "$1,000,000,000", and added subsec. (b). REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATION TRAINING PROGRAM Pub. L. 109-364, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 801, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2312, provided that: "(a) Training Program. - "(1) Requirement. - The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, in consultation with the Defense Acquisition University, shall develop a training program to certify military and civilian personnel of the Department of Defense with responsibility for generating requirements for major defense acquisition programs (as defined in section 2430(a) of title 10, United States Code). "(2) Competency and other requirements. - The Under Secretary shall establish competency requirements for the personnel undergoing the training program. The Under Secretary shall define the target population for such training program by identifying which military and civilian personnel should have responsibility for generating requirements. The Under Secretary also may establish other training programs for personnel not subject to chapter 87 of title 10, United States Code, who contribute significantly to other types of acquisitions by the Department of Defense. "(b) Applicability. - Effective on and after September 30, 2008, a member of the Armed Forces or an employee of the Department of Defense with authority to generate requirements for a major defense acquisition program may not continue to participate in the requirements generation process unless the member or employee successfully completes the certification training program developed under this section. "(c) Reports. - The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives an interim report, not later than March 1, 2007, and a final report, not later than March 1, 2008, on the implementation of the training program required under this section." PROGRAM MANAGER EMPOWERMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY Pub. L. 109-364, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 853, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2342, provided that: "(a) Strategy. - The Secretary of Defense shall develop a comprehensive strategy for enhancing the role of Department of Defense program managers in developing and carrying out defense acquisition programs. "(b) Matters to Be Addressed. - The strategy required by this section shall address, at a minimum - "(1) enhanced training and educational opportunities for program managers; "(2) increased emphasis on the mentoring of current and future program managers by experienced senior executives and program managers within the Department; "(3) improved career paths and career opportunities for program managers; "(4) additional incentives for the recruitment and retention of highly qualified individuals to serve as program managers; "(5) improved resources and support (including systems engineering expertise, cost estimating expertise, and software development expertise) for program managers; "(6) improved means of collecting and disseminating best practices and lessons learned to enhance program management throughout the Department; "(7) common templates and tools to support improved data gathering and analysis for program management and oversight purposes; "(8) increased accountability of program managers for the results of defense acquisition programs; and "(9) enhanced monetary and nonmonetary awards for successful accomplishment of program objectives by program managers. "(c) Guidance on Tenure and Accountability of Program Managers Before Milestone B. - Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 2006], the Secretary of Defense shall revise Department of Defense guidance for major defense acquisition programs to address the qualifications, resources, responsibilities, tenure, and accountability of program managers for the program development period (before Milestone B approval (or Key Decision Point B approval in the case of a space program)). "(d) Guidance on Tenure and Accountability of Program Managers After Milestone B. - Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 2006], the Secretary of Defense shall revise Department of Defense guidance for major defense acquisition programs to address the qualifications, resources, responsibilities, tenure and accountability of program managers for the program execution period (from Milestone B approval (or Key Decision Point B approval in the case of a space program) until the delivery of the first production units of a program). The guidance issued pursuant to this subsection shall address, at a minimum - "(1) the need for a performance agreement between a program manager and the milestone decision authority for the program, setting forth expected parameters for cost, schedule, and performance, and appropriate commitments by the program manager and the milestone decision authority to ensure that such parameters are met; "(2) authorities available to the program manager, including, to the extent appropriate, the authority to object to the addition of new program requirements that would be inconsistent with the parameters established at Milestone B (or Key Decision Point B in the case of a space program) and reflected in the performance agreement; and "(3) the extent to which a program manager for such period should continue in the position without interruption until the delivery of the first production units of the program. "(e) Reports. - "(1) Report by secretary of defense. - Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 2006], the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report on the strategy developed pursuant to subsection (a) and the guidance issued pursuant to subsections (b) and (c). "(2) Report by comptroller general. - Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the actions taken by the Secretary of Defense to implement the requirements of this section." MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY MODERNIZATION PROGRAM Pub. L. 108-136, div. A, title IX, Sec. 924, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1576, provided that: "(a) Management of Acquisition Programs Through USD (AT&L). - The Secretary of Defense shall direct that, effective as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 24, 2003], acquisitions under the National Security Agency Modernization Program shall be directed and managed by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics. "(b) Applicability of Major Defense Acquisition Program Authorities. - (1) Each project designated as a major defense acquisition program under paragraph (2) shall be managed under the laws, policies, and procedures that are applicable to major defense acquisition programs (as defined in section 2430 of title 10, United States Code). "(2) The Secretary of Defense (acting through the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics) shall designate those projects under the National Security Agency Modernization Program that are to be managed as major defense acquisition programs. "(c) Milestone Decision Authority. - (1) The authority to make a decision that a program is authorized to proceed from one milestone stage into another (referred to as the milestone decision authority) may only be exercised by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics for the following: "(A) Each project of the National Security Agency Modernization Program that is to be managed as a major defense acquisition program, as designated under subsection (b). "(B) Each major system under the National Security Agency Modernization Program. "(2) The limitation in paragraph (1) shall terminate on, and the Under Secretary may delegate the milestone decision authority referred to in paragraph (1) to the Director of the National Security Agency at any time after, the date that is the later of - "(A) September 30, 2005, or "(B) the date on which the Under Secretary submits to the appropriate committees of Congress a notification described in paragraph (3). "(3) A notification described in this paragraph is a notification by the Under Secretary of the Under Secretary's intention to delegate the milestone decision authority referred to in paragraph (1) to the Director of the National Security Agency, together with a detailed discussion of the justification for that delegation. Such a notification may not be submitted until - "(A) the Under Secretary has determined (after consultation with the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence for Community Management) that the Director has implemented acquisition management policies, procedures, and practices that are sufficient to ensure that acquisitions by the National Security Agency are conducted in a manner consistent with sound, efficient acquisition practices; "(B) the Under Secretary has consulted with the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence for Community Management on the delegation of such milestone decision authority to the Director; and "(C) the Secretary of Defense has approved the delegation of such milestone decision authority to the Director. "(d) Projects Comprising Program. - The National Security Agency Modernization Program consists of the following projects of the National Security Agency: "(1) The Trailblazer project. "(2) The Groundbreaker project. "(3) Each cryptological mission management project. "(4) Each other project of that Agency that - "(A) meets either of the dollar thresholds in effect under paragraph (2) of section 2430(a) of title 10, United States Code; and "(B) is determined by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics as being a major project that is within, or properly should be within, the National Security Agency Modernization Project. "(e) Definitions. - In this section: "(1) Major system. - The term 'major system' has the meaning given that term in section 2302(5) of title 10, United States Code. "(2) Appropriate committees of congress. - The term 'appropriate committees of Congress' means the following: "(A) The Committee on Armed Services and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate. "(B) The Committee on Armed Services and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives." SPIRAL DEVELOPMENT UNDER MAJOR DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROGRAMS Pub. L. 107-314, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 803, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2603, provided that: "(a) Authority. - The Secretary of Defense is authorized to conduct major defense acquisition programs as spiral development programs. "(b) Limitation on Spiral Development Programs. - A research and development program for a major defense acquisition program of a military department or Defense Agency may not be conducted as a spiral development program unless the Secretary of Defense approves the spiral development plan for that research and development program in accordance with subsection (c). The Secretary of Defense may delegate authority to approve the plan to the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, or to the senior acquisition executive of the military department or Defense Agency concerned, but such authority may not be further delegated. "(c) Spiral Development Plans. - A spiral development plan for a research and development program for a major defense acquisition program shall, at a minimum, include the following matters: "(1) A rationale for dividing the research and development program into separate spirals, together with a preliminary identification of the spirals to be included. "(2) A program strategy, including overall cost, schedule, and performance goals for the total research and development program. "(3) Specific cost, schedule, and performance parameters, including measurable exit criteria, for the first spiral to be conducted. "(4) A testing plan to ensure that performance goals, parameters, and exit criteria are met. "(5) An appropriate limitation on the number of prototype units that may be produced under the research and development program. "(6) Specific performance parameters, including measurable exit criteria, that must be met before the major defense acquisition program proceeds into production of units in excess of the limitation on the number of prototype units. "(d) Guidance. - Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 2, 2002], the Secretary of Defense shall issue guidance for the implementation of spiral development programs authorized by this section. The guidance shall include appropriate processes for ensuring the independent validation of exit criteria being met, the operational assessment of fieldable prototypes, and the management of spiral development programs. "(e) Reporting Requirement. - The Secretary shall submit to Congress by September 30 of each of 2003 through 2008 a status report on each research and development program that is a spiral development program. The report shall contain information on unit costs that is similar to the information on unit costs under major defense acquisition programs that is required to be provided to Congress under chapter 144 of title 10, United States Code, except that the information on unit costs shall address projected prototype costs instead of production costs. "(f) Applicability of Existing Law. - Nothing in this section shall be construed to exempt any program of the Department of Defense from the application of any provision of chapter 144 of title 10, United States Code, section 139, 181, 2366, 2399, or 2400 of such title, or any requirement under Department of Defense Directive 5000.1, Department of Defense Instruction 5000.2, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 3170.01B in accordance with the terms of such provision or requirement. "(g) Definitions. - In this section: "(1) The term 'spiral development program', with respect to a research and development program, means a program that - "(A) is conducted in discrete phases or blocks, each of which will result in the development of fieldable prototypes; and "(B) will not proceed into acquisition until specific performance parameters, including measurable exit criteria, have been met. "(2) The term 'spiral' means one of the discrete phases or blocks of a spiral development program. "(3) The term 'major defense acquisition program' has the meaning given such term in section 139(a)(2)(B) of title 10, United States Code." ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF MAJOR DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROGRAMS Pub. L. 103-337, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 815, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2819, provided that: "(a) Guidance. - Before April 1, 1995, the Secretary of Defense shall issue guidance, to apply uniformly throughout the Department of Defense, regarding - "(1) how to achieve the purposes and intent of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) by ensuring timely compliance for major defense acquisition programs (as defined in section 2430 of title 10, United States Code) through (A) initiation of compliance efforts before development begins, (B) appropriate environmental impact analysis in support of each milestone decision, and (C) accounting for all direct, indirect, and cumulative environmental effects before proceeding toward production; and "(2) how to analyze, as early in the process as feasible, the life-cycle environmental costs for such major defense acquisition programs, including the materials to be used, the mode of operations and maintenance, requirements for demilitarization, and methods of disposal, after consideration of all pollution prevention opportunities and in light of all environmental mitigation measures to which the department expressly commits. "(b) Analysis. - Beginning not later than March 31, 1995, the Secretary of Defense shall analyze the environmental costs of a major defense acquisition process as an integral part of the life- cycle cost analysis of the program pursuant to the guidance issued under subsection (a). "(c) Data Base for NEPA Documentation. - The Secretary of Defense shall establish and maintain a data base for documents prepared by the Department of Defense in complying with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 with respect to major defense acquisition programs. Any such document relating to a major defense acquisition program shall be maintained in the data base for 5 years after commencement of low-rate initial production of the program." EFFICIENT CONTRACTING PROCESSES Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 837, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1718, as amended by Pub. L. 103-355, title V, Sec. 5064(b)(2), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3360, provided that: "The Secretary of Defense shall take any additional actions that the Secretary considers necessary to waive regulations not required by statute that affect the efficiency of the contracting process within the Department of Defense. Such actions shall include, in the Secretary's discretion, developing methods to streamline the procurement process, streamlining the period for entering into contracts, and defining alternative techniques to reduce reliance on military specifications and standards, in contracts for the defense acquisition programs participating in the Defense Acquisition Pilot Program." CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION: PERFORMANCE BASED CONTRACT MANAGEMENT Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 838, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1718, as amended by Pub. L. 103-355, title V, Sec. 5064(b)(3), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3360, provided that: "For at least one participating defense acquisition program for which a determination is made to make payments for work in progress under the authority of section 2307 of title 10, United States Code, the Secretary of Defense should define payment milestones on the basis of quantitative measures of results." DEFENSE ACQUISITION PILOT PROGRAM Pub. L. 104-201, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 803, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2604, as amended by Pub. L. 105-85, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 847(b)(2), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1845, provided that: "(a) Authority. - The Secretary of Defense may waive sections 2399, 2432, and 2433 of title 10, United States Code, in accordance with this section for any defense acquisition program designated by the Secretary of Defense for participation in the defense acquisition pilot program authorized by section 809 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (Public Law 101-510; 10 U.S.C. 2430 note). "(b) Operational Test and Evaluation. - The Secretary of Defense may waive the requirements for operational test and evaluation for such a defense acquisition program as set forth in section 2399 of title 10, United States Code, if the Secretary - "(1) determines (without delegation) that such test would be unreasonably expensive or impractical; "(2) develops a suitable alternate operational test program for the system concerned; "(3) describes in the test and evaluation master plan, as approved by the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation, the method of evaluation that will be used to evaluate whether the system will be effective and suitable for combat; and "(4) submits to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and on Appropriations of the Senate and House of Representatives] a report containing the determination that was made under paragraph (1), a justification for that determination, and a copy of the plan required by paragraph (3). "(c) Selected Acquisition Reports. - The Secretary of Defense may waive the requirements of sections 2432 and 2433 of title 10, United States Code, for such a defense acquisition program if the Secretary provides a single annual report to Congress at the end of each fiscal year that describes the status of the program in relation to the baseline description for the program established under section 2435 of such title." Pub. L. 103-355, title V, Sec. 5064, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3359, as amended by Pub. L. 106-398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title VIII, Sec. 801(a), (b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-202, 1654A- 203, provided that: "(a) In General. - The Secretary of Defense is authorized to designate the following defense acquisition programs for participation in the defense acquisition pilot program authorized by section 809 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 [Pub. L. 101-510] (10 U.S.C. 2430 note): "(1) Fire support combined arms tactical trainer (fscatt). - The Fire Support Combined Arms Tactical Trainer program with respect to all contracts directly related to the procurement of a training simulation system (including related hardware, software, and subsystems) to perform collective training of field artillery gunnery team components, with development of software as required to generate the training exercises and component interfaces. "(2) Joint direct attack munition (jdam i). - The Joint Direct Attack Munition program with respect to all contracts directly related to the development and procurement of a strap-on guidance kit, using an inertially guided, Global Positioning System updated guidance kit to enhance the delivery accuracy of 500- pound, 1000-pound, and 2000-pound bombs in inventory. "(3) Joint primary aircraft training system (jpats). - The Joint Primary Aircraft Training System (JPATS) with respect to all contracts directly related to the acquisition of a new primary trainer aircraft to fulfill Air Force and Navy joint undergraduate aviation training requirements, and an associated ground-based training system consisting of air crew training devices (simulators), courseware, a Training Management System, and contractor support for the life of the system. "(4) Commercial-derivative aircraft (cda). - "(A) All contracts directly related to the acquisition or upgrading of commercial-derivative aircraft for use in meeting airlift and tanker requirements and the air vehicle component for airborne warning and control systems. "(B) For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'commercial- derivative aircraft' means any of the following: "(i) Any aircraft (including spare parts, support services, support equipment, technical manuals, and data related thereto) that is or was of a type customarily used in the course of normal business operations for other than Federal Government purposes, that has been issued a type certificate by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, and that has been sold or leased for use in the commercial marketplace or that has been offered for sale or lease for use in the commercial marketplace. "(ii) Any aircraft that, but for modifications of a type customarily available in the commercial marketplace, or minor modifications made to meet Federal Government requirements, would satisfy or would have satisfied the criteria in subclause (I). "(iii) For purposes of a potential complement or alternative to the C-17 program, any nondevelopmental airlift aircraft, other than the C-17 or any aircraft derived from the C-17, shall be considered a commercial-derivative aircraft. "(5) Commercial-derivative engine (cde). - The commercial derivative engine program with respect to all contracts directly related to the acquisition of (A) commercial derivative engines (including spare engines and upgrades), logistics support equipment, technical orders, management data, and spare parts, and (B) commercially derived engines for use in supporting the purchase of commercial-derivative aircraft for use in airlift and tanker requirements (including engine replacement and upgrades) and the air vehicle component for airborne warning and control systems. For purposes of a potential complement or alternative to the C-17 program, any nondevelopmental airlift aircraft engine shall be considered a commercial-derivative engine. "(b) Pilot Program Implementation. - (1) [Amended section 833 of Pub. L. 103-160, set out below.] "(2) [Amended section 837 of Pub. L. 103-160, set out above.] "(3) [Amended section 838 of Pub. L. 103-160, set out above.] "(4) Not later than 45 days after the date of the enactment of the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994 [Oct. 13, 1994], the Secretary of Defense shall identify for each defense acquisition program participating in the pilot program quantitative measures and goals for reducing acquisition management costs. "(5) For each defense acquisition program participating in the pilot program, the Secretary of Defense shall establish a review process that provides senior acquisition officials with reports on the minimum necessary data items required to ensure the appropriate expenditure of funds appropriated for the program and that - "(A) contain essential information on program results at appropriate intervals, including the criteria to be used in measuring the success of the program; and "(B) reduce data requirements from the current program review reporting requirements. "(c) Special Authority. - The authority delegated under subsection (a) may include authority for the Secretary of Defense - "(1) to apply any amendment or repeal of a provision of law made in this Act [see Tables for classification] to the pilot programs before the effective date of such amendment or repeal [see Effective Date of 1994 Amendment note set out under section 251 of Title 41, Public Contracts]; and "(2) to apply to a procurement of items other than commercial items under such programs - "(A) any authority provided in this Act (or in an amendment made by a provision of this Act) to waive a provision of law in the case of commercial items, and "(B) any exception applicable under this Act (or an amendment made by a provision of this Act) in the case of commercial items, before the effective date of such provision (or amendment) to the extent that the Secretary determines necessary to test the application of such waiver or exception to procurements of items other than commercial items. "(d) Applicability. - (1) Subsection (c) applies with respect to - "(A) a contract that is awarded or modified during the period described in paragraph (2); and "(B) a contract that is awarded before the beginning of such period and is to be performed (or may be performed), in whole or in part, during such period. "(2) The period referred to in paragraph (1) is the period that begins on October 13, 1994, and ends on October 1, 2007. "(e) Rule of Construction. - Nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing the appropriation or obligation of funds for the programs designated for participation in the defense acquisition pilot program under the authority of subsection (a)." Pub. L. 103-337, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 819, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2822, provided that: "The Secretary of Defense is authorized to designate the following defense acquisition programs for participation, to the extent provided in the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994 [Pub. L. 103-355, see Tables for classification], in the defense acquisition pilot program authorized by section 809 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 [Pub. L. 101-510] (10 U.S.C. 2430 note): "(1) The Fire Support Combined Arms Tactical Trainer program. "(2) The Joint Direct Attack Munition program. "(3) The Joint Primary Aircraft Training System. "(4) Commercial-derivative aircraft. "(5) Commercial-derivative engine." Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 833, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1716, as amended by Pub. L. 103-355, title V, Sec. 5064(b)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3360, provided that: "(a) Mission-Oriented Program Management. - In the exercise of the authority provided in section 809 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 [Pub. L. 101-510] (10 U.S.C. 2430 note), the Secretary of Defense should propose for one or more of the defense acquisition programs covered by the Defense Acquisition Pilot Program to utilize the concept of mission- oriented program management. "(b) Policies and Procedures. - In the case of each defense acquisition program covered by the Defense Acquisition Pilot Program, the Secretary of Defense should prescribe policies and procedures for the interaction of the program manager and the commander of the operational command (or a representative) responsible for the requirement for the equipment acquired, and for the interaction with the commanders of the unified and specified combatant commands. Such policies and procedures should include provisions for enabling the user commands to participate in acceptance testing." Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 835(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1717, related to funding for Defense Acquisition Pilot Program, and authorized the Secretary of Defense to expend appropriated sums as necessary to carry out next phase of acquisition program cycle after Secretary determined that objective quantifiable performance expectations relating to execution of that phase had been identified, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103-355, title V, Sec. 5002(b), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3350. Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 839, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1718, provided that: "(a) Collection and Analysis of Performance Information. - The Secretary of Defense shall collect and analyze information on contractor performance under the Defense Acquisition Pilot Program. "(b) Information To Be Included. - Information collected under subsection (a) shall include the history of the performance of each contractor under the Defense Acquisition Pilot Program contracts and, for each such contract performed by the contractor, a technical evaluation of the contractor's performance prepared by the program manager responsible for the contract." Pub. L. 101-510, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 809, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1593, as amended by Pub. L. 102-484, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 811, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2450; Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 832, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1715, provided that: "(a) Authority To Conduct Pilot Program. - The Secretary of Defense may conduct a pilot program for the purpose of determining the potential for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the acquisition process in defense acquisition programs. "(b) Designation of Participating Programs. - (1) Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary may designate defense acquisition programs for participation in the pilot program. "(2) The Secretary may designate for participation in the pilot program only those defense acquisition programs specifically authorized to be so designated in a law authorizing appropriations for such program enacted after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990]. "(c) Conduct of Pilot Program. - (1) In the case of each defense acquisition program designated for participation in the pilot program, the Secretary - "(A) shall conduct the program in accordance with standard commercial, industrial practices; and "(B) may waive or limit the applicability of any provision of law that is specifically authorized to be waived in the law authorizing appropriations referred to in subsection (b)(2) and that prescribes - "(i) procedures for the procurement of supplies or services; "(ii) a preference or requirement for acquisition from any source or class of sources; "(iii) any requirement related to contractor performance; "(iv) any cost allowability, cost accounting, or auditing requirements; or "(v) any requirement for the management of, testing to be performed under, evaluation of, or reporting on a defense acquisition program. "(2) The waiver authority provided in paragraph (1)(B) does not apply to a provision of law if, as determined by the Secretary - "(A) a purpose of the provision is to ensure the financial integrity of the conduct of a Federal Government program; or "(B) the provision relates to the authority of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense. "(d) Publication of Policies and Guidelines. - The Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a proposed memorandum setting forth policies and guidelines for implementation of the pilot program under this section and provide an opportunity for public comment on the proposed memorandum for a period of 60 days after the date of publication. The Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register any subsequent proposed change to the memorandum and provide an opportunity for public comment on each such proposed change for a period of 60 days after the date of publication. "(e) Notification and Implementation. - (1) The Secretary shall transmit to the congressional defense committees a written notification of each defense acquisition program proposed to be designated by the Secretary for participation in the pilot program. "(2) If the Secretary proposes to waive or limit the applicability of any provision of law to a defense acquisition program under the pilot program in accordance with this section, the Secretary shall include in the notification regarding that acquisition program - "(A) the provision of law proposed to be waived or limited; "(B) the effects of such provision of law on the acquisition, including specific examples; "(C) the actions taken to ensure that the waiver or limitation will not reduce the efficiency, integrity, and effectiveness of the acquisition process used for the defense acquisition program; and "(D) a discussion of the efficiencies or savings, if any, that will result from the waiver or limitation. "(f) Limitation on Waiver Authority. - The applicability of the following requirements of law may not be waived or limited under subsection (c)(1)(B) with respect to a defense acquisition program: "(1) The requirements of this section. "(2) The requirements contained in any law enacted on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990] if that law designates such defense acquisition program as a participant in the pilot program, except to the extent that a waiver of such requirement is specifically authorized for such defense acquisition program in a law enacted on or after such date. "(g) Termination of Authority. - The authority to waive or limit the applicability of any law under this section may not be exercised after September 30, 1995." -End- -CITE- 10 USC Sec. 2431 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 10 - ARMED FORCES Subtitle A - General Military Law PART IV - SERVICE, SUPPLY, AND PROCUREMENT CHAPTER 144 - MAJOR DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROGRAMS -HEAD- Sec. 2431. Weapons development and procurement schedules -STATUTE- (a) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress each calendar year, not later than 45 days after the President submits the budget to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, budget justification documents regarding development and procurement schedules for each weapon system for which fund authorization is required by section 114(a) of this title, and for which any funds for procurement are requested in that budget. The documents shall include data on operational testing and evaluation for each weapon system for which funds for procurement are requested (other than funds requested only for the procurement of units for operational testing and evaluation, or long lead-time items, or both). A weapon system shall also be included in the annual documents required under this subsection in each year thereafter until procurement of that system has been completed or terminated, or the Secretary of Defense certifies, in writing, that such inclusion would not serve any useful purpose and gives his reasons therefor. (b) Any documents required to be submitted under subsection (a) shall include detailed and summarized information with respect to each weapon system covered and shall specifically include each of the following: (1) The development schedule, including estimated annual costs until development is completed. (2) The planned procurement schedule, including the best estimate of the Secretary of Defense of the annual costs and units to be procured until procurement is completed. (3) To the extent required by the second sentence of subsection (a), the result of all operational testing and evaluation up to the time of the submission of the documents, or, if operational testing and evaluation has not been conducted, a statement of the reasons therefor and the results of such other testing and evaluation as has been conducted. (4)(A) The most efficient production rate, the most efficient acquisition rate, and the minimum sustaining rate, consistent with the program priority established for such weapon system by the Secretary concerned. (B) In this paragraph: (i) The term "most efficient production rate" means the maximum rate for each budget year at which the weapon system can be produced with existing or planned plant capacity and tooling, with one shift a day running for eight hours a day and five days a week. (ii) The term "minimum sustaining rate" means the production rate for each budget year that is necessary to keep production lines open while maintaining a base of responsive vendors and suppliers. (c) In the case of any weapon system for which procurement funds have not been previously requested and for which funds are first requested by the President in any fiscal year after the Budget for that fiscal year has been submitted to Congress, the same documentation requirements shall be applicable to that system in the same manner and to the same extent as if funds had been requested for that system in that budget. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 93-155, title VIII, Sec. 803(a), Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 614, Sec. 139; amended Pub. L. 94-106, title VIII, Sec. 805, Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 538; Pub. L. 96-513, title V, Sec. 511(5), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2920; Pub. L. 97-86, title IX, Sec. 909(c), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1120; Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 3(b)(1), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 98-525, title XIV, Sec. 1405(3), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2621; renumbered Sec. 2431 and amended Pub. L. 99-433, title I, Secs. 101(a)(5), 110(d)(12), (g)(6), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 995, 1003, 1004; Pub. L. 100-180, div. A, title XIII, Sec. 1314(a)(1), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1175; Pub. L. 101- 510, div. A, title XIII, Sec. 1301(13), title XIV, Sec. 1484(f)(3), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1668, 1717; Pub. L. 103-355, title III, Sec. 3001, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3327; Pub. L. 104- 106, div. D, title XLIII, Sec. 4321(b)(18), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 673.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in Pub. L. 92-156, title V, Sec. 506, Nov. 17, 1971, 85 Stat. 429, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 93-155, Sec. 803(b)(2). AMENDMENTS 1996 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-106, Sec. 4321(b)(18)(A)(i), substituted "Any documents" for "Any report" in first sentence. Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 104-106, Sec. 4321(b)(18)(A)(ii), substituted "the documents" for "the report". Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104-106, Sec. 4321(b)(18)(B), substituted "documentation" for "reporting". 1994 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-355, Sec. 3001(a), substituted "not later than 45 days after" for "at the same time" and "budget justification documents" for "a written report" in first sentence and "documents" for "report" in second and third sentences. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103-355, Sec. 3001(b)(1), substituted "include each of the following:" for "include - " in introductory provisions. Subsec. (b)(1) to (3). Pub. L. 103-355, Sec. 3001(b)(2)-(4), capitalized first letter of first word in pars. (1) to (3) and substituted period for semicolon at end of pars. (1) and (2) and period for "; and" at end of par. (3). Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103-355, Sec. 3001(b)(5) amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: "the most efficient production rate and the most efficient acquisition rate consistent with the program priority established for such weapon system by the Secretary concerned." 1990 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-510, Sec. 1484(f)(3), substituted "covered and shall specifically include" for "covered, and specifically include, but not be limited to" in introductory provisions. Pub. L. 101-510, Sec. 1301(13), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b), struck out "or (b)" after "under subsection (a)", and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "The Secretary of Defense shall submit a supplemental report to Congress not less than 30, or more than 90, days before the award of any contract, or the exercise of any option in a contract, for the procurement of any such weapon system (other than procurement of units for operational testing and evaluation, or long lead-time items, or both), unless - "(1) the contractor or contractors for that system have not yet been selected and the Secretary of Defense determines that the submission of that report would adversely affect the source selection process and notifies Congress in writing, prior to such award, of that determination, stating his reasons therefor; or "(2) the Secretary of Defense determines that the submission of that report would otherwise adversely affect the vital security interests of the United States and notifies Congress in writing of that determination at least 30 days prior to the award, stating his reasons therefor." Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 101-510, Sec. 1301(13)(C), redesignated subsecs. (c) and (d) as (b) and (c), respectively. 1987 - Pub. L. 100-180 made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 99-433, Sec. 101(a)(5). See 1986 Amendment note below. 1986 - Pub. L. 99-433, Sec. 101(a)(5), as amended by Pub. L. 100- 180, Sec. 1314(a)(1), renumbered section 139 of this title as this section. Pub. L. 99-433, Sec. 110(d)(12), substituted "Weapons development and procurement schedules" for "Secretary of Defense: weapons development and procurement schedules for armed forces; reports; supplemental reports" in section catchline. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99-433, Sec. 110(g)(6), substituted "section 114(a)" for "section 138(a)". 1984 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98-525, Sec. 1405(3)(B), substituted "30" for "thirty" and "90" for "ninety" in introductory text. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98-525, Sec. 1405(3)(A), substituted "30" for "thirty". 1982 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97-258 substituted "section 1105 of title 31" for "section 201 of the Budget and Accounting Act, 1921 (31 U.S.C. 11)". 1981 - Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 97-86 added par. (4). 1980 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96-513 substituted "section 201 of the Budget and Accounting Act, 1921 (31 U.S.C. 11)" for "section 11 of title 31". 1975 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94-106 substituted "or more than ninety, days before" for "or more than sixty, days before". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT For effective date and applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 104- 106, see section 4401 of Pub. L. 104-106, set out as a note under section 251 of Title 41, Public Contracts. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1987 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 100-180 applicable as if included in enactment of the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99-433, see section 1314(e) of Pub. L. 100-180, set out as a note under section 743 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-513 effective Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701(b)(3) of Pub. L. 96-513, set out as a note under section 101 of this title. POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES ON PRIORITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT, TESTING, AND FIELDING OF MISSILE DEFENSE CAPABILITIES Pub. L. 109-364, div. A, title II, Sec. 223, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2130, provided that: "(a) Findings. - Congress makes the following findings: "(1) In response to the threat posed by ballistic missiles, President George W. Bush in December 2002 directed the Secretary of Defense to proceed with the fielding of an initial set of missile defense capabilities in 2004 and 2005. "(2) According to assessments by the intelligence community of the United States, North Korea tested in 2005 a new solid propellant short-range ballistic missile, conducted a launch of a Taepodong-2 ballistic missile/space launch vehicle in 2006, and is likely developing intermediate-range and intercontinental ballistic missile capabilities that could someday reach as far as the United States with a nuclear payload. "(3) According to assessments by the intelligence community of the United States, Iran continued in 2005 to test its medium- range ballistic missile, and the danger that Iran will acquire a nuclear weapon and integrate it with a ballistic missile Iran already possesses is a reason for immediate concern. "(b) Policy. - It is the policy of the United States that the Department of Defense accord a priority within the missile defense program to the development, testing, fielding, and improvement of effective near-term missile defense capabilities, including the ground-based midcourse defense system, the Aegis ballistic missile defense system, the Patriot PAC-3 system, the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense system, and the sensors necessary to support such systems." PLANS FOR TEST AND EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY OF THE BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM Pub. L. 109-163, div. A, title II, Sec. 234, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3174, as amended by Pub. L. 109-364, div. A, title II, Sec. 225, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2130, provided that: "(a) Test and Evaluation Plans for Blocks. - "(1) Plans required. - With respect to block 06 and each subsequent block of the Ballistic Missile Defense System, the appropriate joint and service operational test and evaluation components of the Department of Defense concerned with the block shall prepare a plan, appropriate for the level of technological maturity of the block, to test, evaluate, and characterize the operational capability of the block. "(2) Consultation and review. - The preparation of each plan under this subsection shall be - "(A) carried out in coordination with the Missile Defense Agency; and "(B) subject to the review and approval of the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation. "(3) Submittal to congress. - Each plan prepared under this subsection and approved by the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation shall be submitted to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] not later than 30 days after the date of the approval of such plan by the Director. "(b) Reports on Test and Evaluation of Blocks. - At the conclusion of the test and evaluation of block 06 and each subsequent block of the Ballistic Missile Defense System, the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation shall submit to the Secretary of Defense and the congressional defense committees a report providing - "(1) the assessment of the Director as to whether or not the test and evaluation was adequate to evaluate the operational capability of the block; and "(2) the characterization of the Director as to the operational effectiveness, suitability, and survivability of the block, as appropriate for the level of technological maturity of the block tested." INTEGRATION OF PATRIOT ADVANCED CAPABILITY-3 AND MEDIUM EXTENDED AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM INTO BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM Pub. L. 108-375, div. A, title II, Sec. 232, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1835, provided that: "(a) Relationship to Ballistic Missile Defense System. - The combined program of the Department of the Army known as the Patriot Advanced Capability-3/Medium Extended Air Defense System air and missile defense program (hereinafter in this section referred to as the 'PAC-3/MEADS program') is an element of the Ballistic Missile Defense System. "(b) Management of Configuration Changes. - The Director of the Missile Defense Agency, in consultation with the Secretary of the Army (acting through the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) shall ensure that any configuration change for the PAC-3/MEADS program is subject to the configuration control board processes of the Missile Defense Agency so as to ensure integration of the PAC-3/MEADS element with appropriate elements of the Ballistic Missile Defense System. "(c) Required Procedures. - (1) Except as otherwise directed by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army (acting through the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) may make a significant change to the baseline technical specifications or the baseline schedule for the PAC-3/MEADS program only with the concurrence of the Director of the Missile Defense Agency. "(2) With respect to a proposal by the Secretary of the Army to make a significant change to the procurement quantity (including any quantity in any future block procurement) that, as of the date of such proposal, is planned for the PAC-3/MEADS program, the Secretary of Defense shall establish - "(A) procedures for a determination of the effect of such change on Ballistic Missile Defense System capabilities and on the cost of the PAC-3/MEADS program; and "(B) procedures for review of the proposed change by all relevant commands and agencies of the Department of Defense, including determination of the concurrence or nonconcurrence of each such command and agency with respect to such proposed change. "(d) Report. - Not later than February 1, 2005, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of Senate and House of Representatives] a report describing the procedures developed pursuant to subsection (c)(2). "(e) Definitions. - For purpose of this section: "(1) The term 'significant change' means, with respect to the PAC-3/MEADS program, a change that would substantially alter the role or contribution of that program in the Ballistic Missile Defense System. "(2) The term 'baseline technical specifications' means, with respect to the PAC-3/MEADS program, those technical specifications for that program that have been approved by the configuration control board of the Missile Defense Agency and are in effect as of the date of the review. "(3) The term 'baseline schedule' means, with respect to the PAC-3/MEADS program, the development and production schedule for the PAC-3/MEADS program in effect at the time of a review of such program conducted pursuant to subsection (b) or (c)(2)(B)." BASELINES AND OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION FOR BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM Pub. L. 108-375, div. A, title II, Sec. 234, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1837, provided that: "(a) Testing Criteria. - Not later than February 1, 2005, the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation, shall prescribe appropriate criteria for operationally realistic testing of fieldable prototypes developed under the ballistic missile defense spiral development program. The Secretary shall submit a copy of the prescribed criteria to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of Senate and House of Representatives]. "(b) Use of Criteria. - (1) The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that, not later than October 1, 2005, a test of the ballistic missile defense system is conducted consistent with the criteria prescribed under subsection (a). "(2) The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that each block configuration of the ballistic missile defense system is tested consistent with the criteria prescribed under subsection (a). "(c) Relationship to Other Law. - Nothing in this section shall be construed to exempt any spiral development program of the Department of Defense, after completion of the spiral development, from the applicability of any provision of chapter 144 of title 10, United States Code, or section 139, 181, 2366, 2399, or 2400 of such title in accordance with the terms and conditions of such provision. "(d) Evaluation. - (1) The Director of Operational Test and Evaluation shall evaluate the results of each test conducted under subsection (a) as soon as practicable after the completion of such test. "(2) The Director shall submit to the Secretary of Defense and the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of Senate and House of Representatives] a report on the evaluation of each test conducted under subsection (a) upon completion of the evaluation of such test under paragraph (1). "(e) Cost, Schedule, and Performance Baselines. - (1) The Director of the Missile Defense Agency shall establish cost, schedule, and performance baselines for each block configuration of the Ballistic Missile Defense System being fielded. The cost baseline for a block configuration shall include full life cycle costs for the block configuration. "(2) The Director shall include the baselines established under paragraph (1) in the first Selected Acquisition Report for the Ballistic Missile Defense System that is submitted to Congress under section 2432 of title 10, United States Code, after the establishment of such baselines. "(3) The Director shall also include in the Selected Acquisition Report submitted to Congress under paragraph (2) the significant assumptions used in determining the performance baseline under paragraph (1), including any assumptions regarding threat missile countermeasures and decoys. "(f) Variations Against Baselines. - In the event the cost, schedule, or performance of any block configuration of the Ballistic Missile Defense System varies significantly (as determined by the Director of the Ballistic Missile Defense Agency) from the applicable baseline established under subsection (d), the Director shall include such variation, and the reasons for such variation, in the Selected Acquisition Report submitted to Congress under section 2432 of title 10, United States Code. "(g) Modifications of Baselines. - In the event the Director of the Missile Defense Agency elects to undertake any modification of a baseline established under subsection (d), the Director shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of Senate and House of Representatives] a report setting forth the reasons for such modification." REPORT REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE PROGRAMS Pub. L. 107-314, div. A, title II, Sec. 221, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2484, provided that: "(a) Annual Submission of Current Performance Goals and Development Baselines. - (1) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] each year the performance goals and development baselines - "(A) for those ballistic missile defense systems under development by the Missile Defense Agency that could be fielded; and "(B) for any other ballistic missile defense program or project that has been designated by Congress as a special interest item. "(2) Such performance goals and development baselines shall be provided for each block of each such system. "(3) The performance goals and development baselines under paragraph (1) shall be included annually with the defense budget justification materials submitted in support of the President's budget submitted to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code. "(b) RDT&E Budget Justification Materials. - The budget justification materials submitted to Congress for any fiscal year in support of a request for the authorization and appropriation of funds for research, development, test, and evaluation for ballistic missile defense systems shall include a funding profile for each block of each such system that could be fielded that reflects the development baseline submitted pursuant to subsection (a) for that fiscal year. "(c) Review of MDA Criteria in Relation to Military Requirements. - (1) The Joint Requirements Oversight Council established under section 181 of title 10, United States Code, shall review cost, schedule, and performance criteria for missile defense programs of the Missile Defense Agency in order to assess the validity of those criteria in relation to military requirements. "(2) The Secretary shall include the results of such review with the first annual statement of program goals submitted to the congressional defense committees under section 232(c) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002 (Public Law 107-107; 10 U.S.C. 2431 note) after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 2, 2002]." PROVISION OF INFORMATION ON FLIGHT TESTING OF GROUND-BASED MIDCOURSE NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM Pub. L. 107-314, div. A, title II, Sec. 224, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2485, provided that: "(a) Information To Be Furnished to Congressional Committees. - The Director of the Missile Defense Agency shall provide to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] information on the results of each flight test of the Ground-based Midcourse national missile defense system. "(b) Content. - Information provided under subsection (a) on the results of a flight test shall include the following matters: "(1) A thorough discussion of the content and objectives of the test. "(2) For each such test objective, a statement regarding whether or not the objective was achieved. "(3) For any such test objective not achieved - "(A) a thorough discussion describing the reasons that the objective was not achieved; and "(B) a discussion of any plans for future tests to achieve that objective." MISSILE DEFENSE AGENCY TEST PROGRAM Pub. L. 107-107, div. A, title II, Sec. 232(c)-(h), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1037-1039, as amended by Pub. L. 107-314, div. A, title II, Sec. 225(b)(2)(A), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2486; Pub. L. 108-136, div. A, title II, Sec. 221(b)(2), (c)(2), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1419; Pub. L. 108-375, div. A, title II, Sec. 233, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1836; Pub. L. 109-163, div. A, title II, Sec. 232, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3174; Pub. L. 109-364, div. A, title II, Sec. 224, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2130, provided that: "(c) Requirement for Annual Program Goals. - (1) The Secretary of Defense shall each year establish cost, schedule, testing, and performance goals for the ballistic missile defense programs of the Department of Defense for the period covered by the future-years defense program that is submitted to Congress that year under section 221 of title 10, United States Code. Not later than February 1 each year, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a statement of the goals so established. "(2) The statement of goals submitted under paragraph (1) for any year after 2002 shall be an update of the statement submitted under that paragraph for the preceding year. "(3) Each statement of goals submitted under paragraph (1) shall set forth cost, schedule, testing, and performance goals that pertain to each then-current program element for ballistic missile defense systems in effect pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of section 223 of title 10, United States Code. "(d) Annual Program Plan. - (1) With the submission of the statement of goals under subsection (c) for any year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a program of activities planned to be carried out for each missile defense program that enters engineering and manufacturing development (as defined in section 223(b)(2) of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (b)). "(2) Each program plan under paragraph (1) shall include the following: "(A) A funding profile that includes an estimate of - "(i) the total expenditures to be made in the fiscal year in which the plan is submitted and the following fiscal year, together with the estimated total life-cycle costs of the program; and "(ii) a display of such expenditures (shown for significant procurement, construction, and research and development) for the fiscal year in which the plan is submitted and the following fiscal year. "(B) A program schedule for the fiscal year in which the plan is submitted and the following fiscal year for each of the following: "(i) Significant procurement. "(ii) Construction. "(iii) Research and development. "(iv) Flight tests. "(v) Other significant testing activities. "(3) Information specified in paragraph (2) need not be included in the plan for any year under paragraph (1) to the extent such information has already been provided, or will be provided in the current fiscal year, in annual budget justification documents of the Department of Defense submitted to Congress or in other required reports to Congress. "(e) Internal DOD Reviews. - (1) The officials and elements of the Department of Defense specified in paragraph (2) shall on an ongoing basis - "(A) review the development of goals under subsection (c) and the annual program plan under subsection (d); and "(B) provide to the Secretary of Defense and the Director of the Missile Defense Agency any comments on such matters as considered appropriate. "(2) Paragraph (1) applies with respect to the following: "(A) The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics. "(B) The Director of Operational Test and Evaluation. "(C) The Director of Program Analysis and Evaluation. "(D) The Joint Requirements Oversight Council. "(E) The Cost Analysis and Improvement Group. "(f) Demonstration of Critical Technologies. - (1) The Director of the Missile Defense Agency shall develop a plan for ensuring that each critical technology for a missile defense program is successfully demonstrated in an appropriate environment before that technology enters into operational service as part of a missile defense program. "(2) The Director of Operational Test and Evaluation of the Department of Defense shall monitor the development of the plan under paragraph (1) and shall submit to the Director of the Missile Defense Agency any comments regarding that plan that the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation considers appropriate. "(g) Comptroller General Assessment. - (1) At the conclusion of each of fiscal years 2002 through 2008, the Comptroller General of the United States shall carry out an assessment of the extent to which the Missile Defense Agency achieved the goals established under subsection (c) for that fiscal year for each ballistic missile defense program of the Department of Defense. "(2) Not later than March 15 of each of 2003 through 2009, the Comptroller General shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of Senate and House of Representatives] a report on the Comptroller General's assessment under paragraph (1) with respect to the preceding fiscal year. "(h) Annual OT&E Assessment of Test Program. - (1) The Director of Operational Test and Evaluation shall each year assess the adequacy and sufficiency of the Missile Defense Agency test program during the preceding fiscal year. "(2) Not later than February 15 each year the Director shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the assessment under paragraph (1) with respect to the preceding fiscal year." MISSILE DEFENSE TESTING INITIATIVE Pub. L. 107-107, div. A, title II, Sec. 234, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1039, provided that: "(a) Testing Infrastructure. - (1) The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that each annual budget request of the Department of Defense - "(A) is designed to provide for comprehensive testing of ballistic missile defense programs during early stages of development; and "(B) includes necessary funding to support and improve test infrastructure and provide adequate test assets for the testing of such programs. "(2) The Secretary shall ensure that ballistic missile defense programs incorporate, to the greatest possible extent, operationally realistic test configurations (referred to as 'test bed' configurations) to demonstrate system performance across a broad range of capability and, during final stages of operational testing, to demonstrate reliable performance. "(3) The Secretary shall ensure that the test infrastructure for ballistic missile defense programs is capable of supporting continued testing of ballistic missile defense systems after deployment. "(b) Requirements for Early Stages of System Development. - In order to demonstrate acceptable risk and developmental stability, the Secretary of Defense shall ensure that any ballistic missile defense program incorporates, to the maximum extent practicable, the following elements during the early stages of system development: "(1) Pursuit of parallel conceptual approaches and technological paths for all critical problematic components until effective and reliable solutions can be demonstrated. "(2) Comprehensive ground testing in conjunction with flight- testing for key elements of the proposed system that are considered to present high risk, with such ground testing to make use of existing facilities and combinations of facilities that support testing at the highest possible levels of integration. "(3) Where appropriate, expenditures to enhance the capabilities of existing test facilities, or to construct new test facilities, to support alternative complementary test methodologies. "(4) Sufficient funding of test instrumentation to ensure accurate measurement of all critical test events. "(5) Incorporation into the program of sufficient schedule flexibility and expendable test assets, including missile interceptors and targets, to ensure that failed or aborted tests can be repeated in a prudent, but expeditious manner. "(6) Incorporation into flight-test planning for the program, where possible, of - "(A) methods that make the most cost-effective use of test opportunities; "(B) events to demonstrate engagement of multiple targets, 'shoot-look-shoot', and other planned operational concepts; and "(C) exploitation of opportunities to facilitate early development and demonstration of 'family of systems' concepts. "(c) Specific Requirements for Ground-Based Mid-Course Interceptor Systems. - For ground-based mid-course interceptor systems, the Secretary of Defense shall initiate steps during fiscal year 2002 to establish a flight-test capability of launching not less than three missile defense interceptors and not less than two ballistic missile targets to provide a realistic test infrastructure." NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE POLICY Pub. L. 106-38, Sec. 2, July 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 205, provided that: "It is the policy of the United States to deploy as soon as is technologically possible an effective National Missile Defense system capable of defending the territory of the United States against limited ballistic missile attack (whether accidental, unauthorized, or deliberate) with funding subject to the annual authorization of appropriations and the annual appropriation of funds for National Missile Defense." NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE PROGRAM Pub. L. 105-85, div. A, title II, Sec. 231, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1661, provided that the Secretary of Defense was to ensure that the National Missile Defense Program was structured and programmed for funding so as to support a test, in fiscal year 1999, of an integrated national missile defense system that was representative of the national missile defense system architecture that could achieve initial operational capability in fiscal year 2003, and that not later than Feb. 15, 1998, the Secretary was to submit to the congressional defense committees a plan for the development and deployment of a national missile defense system that could achieve initial operational capability in fiscal year 2003. ENHANCED COOPERATION BETWEEN NATIONAL NUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATION AND MISSILE DEFENSE AGENCY Pub. L. 106-398, Sec. 1 [div. C, title XXXI, Sec. 3132], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-455, as amended by Pub. L. 107-314, div. A, title II, Sec. 225(b)(3), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2486, provided that: "(a) Jointly Funded Projects. - The Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of Defense shall modify the memorandum of understanding for the use of the national laboratories for ballistic missile defense programs, entered into under section 3131 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998 (Public Law 105-85; 111 Stat. 2034; 10 U.S.C. 2431 note), to provide for jointly funded projects. "(b) Requirements for Projects. - The projects referred to in subsection (a) shall - "(1) be carried out by the National Nuclear Security Administration and the Missile Defense Agency; and "(2) contribute to sustaining - "(A) the expertise necessary for the viability of such laboratories; and "(B) the capabilities required to sustain the nuclear stockpile. "(c) Participation by NNSA in Certain MDA Activities. - The Administrator for Nuclear Security and the Director of the Missile Defense Agency shall implement mechanisms that increase the cooperative relationship between those organizations. Those mechanisms may include participation by personnel of the National Nuclear Security Administration in the following activities of the Missile Defense Agency: "(1) Peer reviews of technical efforts. "(2) Activities of so-called 'red teams'." Pub. L. 105-85, div. C, title XXXI, Sec. 3131, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2034, provided that: "(a) Memorandum of Understanding. - The Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of Defense shall enter into a memorandum of understanding for the purpose of improving and facilitating the use by the Secretary of Defense of the expertise of the national laboratories for the ballistic missile defense programs of the Department of Defense. "(b) Assistance. - The memorandum of understanding shall provide that the Secretary of Defense shall request such assistance with respect to the ballistic missile defense programs of the Department of Defense as the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy determine can be provided through the technical skills and experience of the national laboratories, using such financial arrangements as the Secretaries determine are appropriate. "(c) Activities. - The memorandum of understanding shall provide that the national laboratories shall carry out those activities necessary to respond to requests for assistance from the Secretary of Defense referred to in subsection (b). Such activities may include the identification of technical modifications and test techniques, the analysis of physics problems, the consolidation of range and test activities, and the analysis and simulation of theater missile defense deployment problems. "(d) National Laboratories. - For purposes of this section, the national laboratories are - "(1) the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; "(2) the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; and "(3) the Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico." BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE PROGRAM Subtitle C of title II of div. A of Pub. L. 104-106, as amended by Pub. L. 105-85, div. A, title II, Sec. 236, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1665; Pub. L. 106-65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(6), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 107-314, div. A, title X, Sec. 1041(c), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2646, provided that: "SEC. 231. SHORT TITLE. "This subtitle may be cited as the 'Ballistic Missile Defense Act of 1995'. "SEC. 232. FINDINGS. "Congress makes the following findings: "(1) The emerging threat that is posed to the national security interests of the United States by the proliferation of ballistic missiles is significant and growing, both in terms of numbers of missiles and in terms of the technical capabilities of those missiles. "(2) The deployment of ballistic missile defenses is a necessary, but not sufficient, element of a broader strategy to discourage both the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the proliferation of the means of their delivery and to defend against the consequences of such proliferation. "(3) The deployment of effective Theater Missile Defense systems can deter potential adversaries of the United States from escalating a conflict by threatening or attacking United States forces or the forces or territory of coalition partners or allies of the United States with ballistic missiles armed with weapons of mass destruction to offset the operational and technical advantages of the United States and its coalition partners and allies. "(4) United States intelligence officials have provided intelligence estimates to congressional committees that (A) the trend in missile proliferation is toward longer range and more sophisticated ballistic missiles, (B) North Korea may deploy an intercontinental ballistic missile capable of reaching Alaska or beyond within five years, and (C) although a new, indigenously developed ballistic missile threat to the continental United States is not foreseen within the next ten years, determined countries can acquire intercontinental ballistic missiles in the near future and with little warning by means other than indigenous development. "(5) The development and deployment by the United States and its allies of effective defenses against ballistic missiles of all ranges will reduce the incentives for countries to acquire such missiles or to augment existing missile capabilities. "(6) The concept of mutual assured destruction (based upon an offense-only form of deterrence), which is the major philosophical rationale underlying the ABM Treaty, is now questionable as a basis for stability in a multipolar world in which the United States and the states of the former Soviet Union are seeking to normalize relations and eliminate Cold War attitudes and arrangements. "(7) The development and deployment of a National Missile Defense system against the threat of limited ballistic missile attacks - "(A) would strengthen deterrence at the levels of forces agreed to by the United States and Russia under the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks Treaty (START-I); and "(B) would further strengthen deterrence if reductions below the levels permitted under START-I should be agreed to and implemented in the future. "(8) The distinction made during the Cold War, based upon the technology of the time, between strategic ballistic missiles and nonstrategic ballistic missiles, which resulted in the distinction made in the ABM Treaty between strategic defense and nonstrategic defense, has become obsolete because of technological advancement (including the development by North Korea of long-range Taepo-Dong I and Taepo-Dong II missiles) and, therefore, that distinction in the ABM Treaty should be reviewed. "SEC. 233. BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE POLICY. "It is the policy of the United States - "(1) to deploy affordable and operationally effective theater missile defenses to protect forward-deployed and expeditionary elements of the Armed Forces of the United States and to complement the missile defense capabilities of forces of coalition partners and of allies of the United States; and "(2) to seek a cooperative, negotiated transition to a regime that does not feature an offense-only form of deterrence as the basis for strategic stability. "SEC. 234. THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE ARCHITECTURE. "(a) Establishment of Core Program. - To implement the policy established in paragraph (1) of section 233, the Secretary of Defense shall restructure the core theater missile defense program to consist of the following systems: "(1) The Patriot PAC-3 system. "(2) The Navy Area Defense system. "(3) The Theater High-Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system. "(4) The Navy Theater Wide system. "(b) Use of Streamlined Acquisition Procedures. - The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe and use streamlined acquisition policies and procedures to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of developing and deploying the theater missile defense systems specified in subsection (a). "(c) Interoperability and Support of Core Systems. - To maximize effectiveness and flexibility of the systems comprising the core theater missile defense program, the Secretary of Defense shall ensure that those systems are integrated and complementary and are fully capable of exploiting external sensor and battle management support from systems such as - "(A) the Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC) system of the Navy; "(B) airborne sensors; and "(C) space-based sensors (including, in particular, the Space and Missile Tracking System). "(d) Follow-on Systems. - (1) The Secretary of Defense shall prepare an affordable development plan for theater missile defense systems to be developed as follow-on systems to the core systems specified in subsection (a). The Secretary shall make the selection of a system for inclusion in the plan based on the capability of the system to satisfy military requirements not met by the systems in the core program and on the capability of the system to use prior investments in technologies, infrastructure, and battle- management capabilities that are incorporated in, or associated with, the systems in the core program. "(2) The Secretary may not proceed with the development of a follow-on theater missile defense system beyond the Demonstration/Validation stage of development unless the Secretary designates that system as a part of the core program under this section and submits to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and on Appropriations of the Senate and House of Representatives] notice of that designation. The Secretary shall include with any such notification a report describing - "(A) the requirements for the system and the specific threats that such system is designed to counter; "(B) how the system will relate to, support, and build upon existing core systems; "(C) the planned acquisition strategy for the system; and "(D) a preliminary estimate of total program cost for that system and the effect of development and acquisition of such system on Department of Defense budget projections. "(e) Program Accountability Report. - (1) As part of the annual report of the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization [now Missile Defense Agency] required by section 224 of Public Law 101-189 (10 U.S.C. 2431 note), the Secretary of Defense shall describe the technical milestones, the schedule, and the cost of each phase of development and acquisition (together with total estimated program costs) for each core and follow-on theater missile defense program. "(2) As part of such report, the Secretary shall describe, with respect to each program covered in the report, any variance in the technical milestones, program schedule milestones, and costs for the program compared with the information relating to that program in the report submitted in the previous year and in the report submitted in the first year in which that program was covered. "SEC. 235. PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDS TO IMPLEMENT AN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT CONCERNING THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEMS. "(a) Findings. - (1) Congress hereby reaffirms - "(A) the finding in [former] section 234(a)(7) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 (Public Law 103- 160; 107 Stat. 1595; 10 U.S.C. 2431 note) that the ABM Treaty was not intended to, and does not, apply to or limit research, development, testing, or deployment of missile defense systems, system upgrades, or system components that are designed to counter modern theater ballistic missiles, regardless of the capabilities of such missiles, unless those systems, system upgrades, or system components are tested against or have demonstrated capabilities to counter modern strategic ballistic missiles; and "(B) the statement in section 232 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995 (Public Law 103-337; 108 Stat. 2700) that the United States shall not be bound by any international agreement entered into by the President that would substantively modify the ABM Treaty unless the agreement is entered into pursuant to the treaty making power of the President under the Constitution. "(2) Congress also finds that the demarcation standard described in subsection (b)(1) for compliance of a missile defense system, system upgrade, or system component with the ABM Treaty is based upon current technology. "(b) Sense of Congress Concerning Compliance Policy. - It is the sense of Congress that - "(1) unless a missile defense system, system upgrade, or system component (including one that exploits data from space-based or other external sensors) is flight tested in an ABM-qualifying flight test (as defined in subsection (e)), that system, system upgrade, or system component has not, for purposes of the ABM Treaty, been tested in an ABM mode nor been given capabilities to counter strategic ballistic missiles and, therefore, is not subject to any application, limitation, or obligation under the ABM Treaty; and "(2) any international agreement that would limit the research, development, testing, or deployment of missile defense systems, system upgrades, or system components that are designed to counter modern theater ballistic missiles in a manner that would be more restrictive than the compliance criteria specified in paragraph (1) should be entered into only pursuant to the treaty making powers of the President under the Constitution. "(c) Prohibition on Funding. - Funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the Department of Defense for fiscal year 1996 may not be obligated or expended to implement an agreement, or any understanding with respect to interpretation of the ABM Treaty, between the United States and any of the independent states of the former Soviet Union entered into after January 1, 1995, that - "(1) would establish a demarcation between theater missile defense systems and anti-ballistic missile systems for purposes of the ABM Treaty; or "(2) would restrict the performance, operation, or deployment of United States theater missile defense systems. "(d) Exceptions. - Subsection (c) does not apply - "(1) to the extent provided by law in an Act enacted after this Act [Pub. L. 104-106, enacted Feb. 10, 1996]; "(2) to expenditures to implement that portion of any such agreement or understanding that implements the policy set forth in subsection (b)(1); or "(3) to expenditures to implement any such agreement or understanding that is approved as a treaty or by law. "(e) ABM-Qualifying Flight Test Defined. - For purposes of this section, an ABM-qualifying flight test is a flight test against a ballistic missile which, in that flight test, exceeds (1) a range of 3,500 kilometers, or (2) a velocity of 5 kilometers per second. "SEC. 236. BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE COOPERATION WITH ALLIES. "It is in the interest of the United States to develop its own missile defense capabilities in a manner that will permit the United States to complement the missile defense capabilities developed and deployed by its allies and possible coalition partners. Therefore, the Congress urges the President - "(1) to pursue high-level discussions with allies of the United States and selected other states on the means and methods by which the parties on a bilateral basis can cooperate in the development, deployment, and operation of ballistic missile defenses; "(2) to take the initiative within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to develop consensus in the Alliance for a timely deployment of effective ballistic missile defenses by the Alliance; and "(3) in the interim, to seek agreement with allies of the United States and selected other states on steps the parties should take, consistent with their national interests, to reduce the risks posed by the threat of limited ballistic missile attacks, such steps to include - "(A) the sharing of early warning information derived from sensors deployed by the United States and other states; "(B) the exchange on a reciprocal basis of technical data and technology to support both joint development programs and the sale and purchase of missile defense systems and components; and "(C) operational level planning to exploit current missile defense capabilities and to help define future requirements. "SEC. 237. ABM TREATY DEFINED. "For purposes of this subtitle, the term 'ABM Treaty' means the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, and signed at Moscow on May 26, 1972, and includes the Protocols to that Treaty, signed at Moscow on July 3, 1974. "SEC. 238. REPEAL OF MISSILE DEFENSE ACT OF 1991. "The Missile Defense Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102-190, div. A, title II, part C] (10 U.S.C. 2431 note) is repealed." COMPLIANCE OF BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS WITH ABM TREATY Pub. L. 103-337, div. A, title II, Sec. 231, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2699, provided that: "(a) General Limitation. - Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense for fiscal year 1995, or otherwise made available to the Department of Defense from any funds appropriated for fiscal year 1995 or for any fiscal year before 1995, may not be obligated or expended - "(1) for any development or testing of anti-ballistic missile systems or components except for development and testing consistent with the interpretation of the ABM Treaty set forth in the enclosure to the July 13, 1993, ACDA letter; or "(2) for the acquisition of any material or equipment (including long lead materials, components, piece parts, or test equipment, or any modified space launch vehicle) required or to be used for the development or testing of anti-ballistic missile systems or components, except for material or equipment required for development or testing consistent with the interpretation of the ABM Treaty set forth in the enclosure to the July 13, 1993, ACDA letter. "(b) Limitation Relating to Brilliant Eyes. - Of the funds appropriated pursuant to the authorizations of appropriations in section 201 [108 Stat. 2690] that are made available for the space- based, midcourse missile tracking system known as the Brilliant Eyes program, not more than $80,000,000 may be obligated until the Secretary of Defense submits to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the compliance of that program with the ABM Treaty, as determined under the compliance review conducted pursuant to subsection (c). "(c) Compliance Review for Brilliant Eyes. - The Secretary of Defense shall review the Brilliant Eyes program to determine whether, and under what conditions, the development, testing, and deployment of the Brilliant Eyes missile tracking system in conjunction with a theater ballistic missile defense system, with a limited national missile defense system, and with both such systems, would be in compliance with the ABM Treaty, including the interpretation of that treaty set forth in the enclosure to the July 13, 1993, ACDA letter. "(d) Compliance Review for Navy Upper Tier System. - (1) The Secretary of Defense shall review the theater ballistic missile program known as the Navy Upper Tier program to determine whether the development, testing, and deployment of the system being developed under that program would be in compliance with the ABM Treaty, including the interpretation of the Treaty set forth in the enclosure to the July 13, 1993, ACDA letter. "(2) Of the funds made available to the Department of Defense for fiscal year 1995, not more than $40,000,000 may be obligated for the Navy Upper Tier program before the date on which the Secretary submits to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the compliance of that program with the ABM Treaty, as determined under the compliance review under paragraph (1). "(e) Definitions. - In this section: "(1) The term 'July 13, 1993, ACDA letter' means the letter dated July 13, 1993, from the Acting Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency to the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate relating to the correct interpretation of the ABM Treaty and accompanied by an enclosure setting forth such interpretation. "(2) The term 'ABM Treaty' means the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missiles, signed in Moscow on May 26, 1972. "(3) The term 'appropriate congressional committees' means - "(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs [now Committee on International Relations], and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and "(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate." Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title II, Sec. 234, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1595, contained findings of Congress, required compliance review, and limited funding pending submission of report, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104-106, div. A, title II, Sec. 253(6), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 235. THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE MASTER PLAN Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title II, Sec. 235, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1598, provided that: "(a) Integration and Compatibility. - In carrying out the Theater Missile Defense Initiative, the Secretary of Defense shall - "(1) seek to maximize the use of existing systems and technologies; and "(2) seek to promote joint use by the military departments of existing and future ballistic missile defense equipment (rather than each military department developing its own systems that would largely overlap in their capabilities). The Secretaries of the military departments shall seek the maximum integration and compatibility of their ballistic missile defense systems as well as of the respective roles and missions of those systems. "(b) TMD Master Plan. - The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report (which shall constitute the TMD master plan) containing a thorough and complete analysis of the future of theater missile defense programs. The report shall include the following: "(1) A description of the mission and scope of Theater Missile Defense. "(2) A description of the role of each of the Armed Forces in Theater Missile Defense. "(3) A description of how those roles interact and complement each other. "(4) An evaluation of the cost and relative effectiveness of each interceptor and sensor under development as part of a Theater Missile Defense system by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization [now Missile Defense Agency]. "(5) A detailed acquisition strategy which includes an analysis and comparison of the projected acquisition and life-cycle costs of each Theater Missile Defense system intended for production (shown separately for research, development, test, and evaluation, for procurement, for operation and maintenance, and for personnel costs for each system). "(6) Specification of the baseline production rate for each year of the program through completion of procurement. "(7) An estimate of the unit cost and capabilities of each system. "(8) A description of plans for theater and tactical missile defense doctrine, training, tactics, and force structure. "(c) Description of Testing Program. - The Secretary of Defense shall include in the report under subsection (b) - "(1) a description of the current and projected testing program for Theater Missile Defense systems and major components; and "(2) an evaluation of the adequacy of the testing program to simulate conditions similar to those the systems and components would actually be expected to encounter if and when deployed (such as the ability to track and engage multiple targets with multiple interceptors, to discriminate targets from decoys and other incoming objects, and to be employed in a shoot-look-shoot firing mode). "(d) Relationship to Arms Control Treaties. - The Secretary shall include in the report under subsection (b) a statement of how production and deployment of any projected Theater Missile Defense program will conform to all relevant arms control agreements. The report shall describe any potential noncompliance with any such agreement, when such noncompliance is expected to occur, and whether provisions need to be renegotiated within that agreement to address future contingencies. "(e) Submission of Report. - The report required by subsection (b) shall be submitted as part of the next annual report of the Secretary submitted to Congress under section 224 of Public Law 101- 189 (10 U.S.C. 2431 note). "(f) Objectives of Plan. - In preparing the master plan, the Secretary shall - "(1) seek to maximize the use of existing technologies (such as SM-2, AEGIS, Patriot, and THAAD) rather than develop new systems; "(2) seek to maximize integration and compatibility among the systems, roles, and missions of the military departments; and "(3) seek to promote cross-service use of existing equipment (such as development of Army equipment for the Marine Corps or ground utilization of an air or sea system). "(g) Review and Report on Deployment of Ballistic Missile Defenses. - (1) The Secretary of Defense shall conduct an intensive and extensive review of opportunities to streamline the weapon systems acquisition process applicable to the development, testing, and deployment of theater ballistic missile defenses with the objective of reducing the cost of deployment and accelerating the schedule for deployment without significantly increasing programmatic risk or concurrency. "(2) In conducting the review, the Secretary shall obtain recommendations and advice from - "(A) the Defense Science Board; "(B) the faculty of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces; and "(C) federally funded research and development centers supporting the Office of the Secretary of Defense. "(3) Not later than May 1, 1994, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the Secretary's findings resulting from the review under paragraph (1), together with any recommendations of the Secretary for legislation. The Secretary shall submit the report in unclassified form, but may submit a classified version of the report if necessary to clarify any of the information in the findings or recommendations or any related information. The report may be submitted as part of the next annual report of the Secretary submitted to Congress under section 224 of Public Law 101-189 (10 U.S.C. 2431 note)." COOPERATION OF UNITED STATES ALLIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF TACTICAL AND THEATER MISSILE DEFENSES Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title II, Sec. 242(a)-(e), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1603-1605, stated congressional findings, required Secretary of Defense to develop plan to coordinate development and implementation of Theater Missile Defense programs of United States with theater missile defense programs of allies of United States, specified contents of such plan, required Secretary to submit to Congress report on such plan in both classified and unclassified versions, required Secretary to include in each annual Theater Missile Defense Initiative report to Congress report on actions taken to implement such plan, specified contents of such report, related to restriction on funds, stated sense of Congress that whenever United States deployed theater ballistic missile defenses to protect country that had not provided support for development of such defenses United States was to consider seeking reimbursement from such country to cover at least incremental cost of such deployment, and related to congressional encouragement of allies of United States to participate in cooperative Theater Missile Defense programs of United States and encouragement of participation by United States in cooperative theater missile defense efforts of allied nations, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104-106, div. A, title II, Sec. 253(7), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 235. TRANSFER OF FOLLOW-ON TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title II, Sec. 243, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1605, as amended by Pub. L. 104-201, div. A, title X, Sec. 1073(e)(1)(E), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2658; Pub. L. 107-314, div. A, title II, Sec. 225(b)(4)(B), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2486, provided that: "(a) Management Responsibility. - Except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary of Defense shall provide that management and budget responsibility for research and development of any program, project, or activity to develop far-term follow-on technology relating to ballistic missile defense shall be provided through the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the appropriate military department. "(b) Waiver Authority. - The Secretary may waive the provisions of subsection (a) in the case of a particular program, project, or activity if the Secretary certifies to the congressional defense committees that it is in the national security interest of the United States to provide management and budget responsibility for that program, project, or activity through the Missile Defense Agency. "(c) Report Required. - As a part of the report required by section 231(e) [107 Stat. 1593], the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report identifying - "(1) each program, project, and activity with respect to which the Secretary has transferred management and budget responsibility from the Missile Defense Agency in accordance with subsection (a); "(2) the agency or military department to which each such transfer was made; and "(3) the date on which each such transfer was made. "(d) Definition. - For the purposes of this section, the term 'far-term follow-on technology' means a technology that is not incorporated into a ballistic missile defense architecture and is not likely to be incorporated within 15 years into a weapon system for ballistic missile defense. "(e) Conforming Amendment. - Section 234 of the Missile Defense Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102-190; 10 U.S.C. 2431 note] is repealed." THEATER MISSILE DEFENSE INITIATIVE Pub. L. 102-484, div. A, title II, Sec. 231, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2354, provided that: "(a) Establishment of Theater Missile Defense Initiative. - The Secretary of Defense shall establish a Theater Missile Defense Initiative office within the Department of Defense. All theater and tactical missile defense activities of the Department of Defense (including all programs, projects, and activities formerly associated with the Theater Missile Defense program element of the Strategic Defense Initiative) shall be carried out under the Theater Missile Defense Initiative. "(b) Funding for Fiscal Year 1993. - Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to section 201 [106 Stat. 2349] or otherwise made available to the Department of Defense for research, development, test, and evaluation for fiscal year 1993, not more than $935,000,000 may be obligated for activities of the Theater Missile Defense Initiative, of which not less than $90,000,000 shall be made available for exploration of promising concepts for naval theater missile defense. "(c) Report. - When the President's budget for fiscal year 1994 is submitted to Congress pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report - "(1) setting forth the proposed allocation by the Secretary of funds for the Theater Missile Defense Initiative for fiscal year 1994, shown for each program, project, and activity; "(2) describing an updated master plan for the Theater Missile Defense Initiative that includes (A) a detailed consideration of plans for theater and tactical missile defense doctrine, training, tactics, and force structure, and (B) a detailed acquisition strategy which includes a consideration of acquisition and life-cycle costs through the year 2005 for the programs, projects, and activities associated with the Theater Missile Defense Initiative; "(3) assessing the possible near-term contribution and cost- effectiveness for theater missile defense of exoatmospheric capabilities, to include at a minimum a consideration of - "(A) the use of the Navy's Standard missile combined with a kick stage rocket motor and lightweight exoatmospheric projectile (LEAP); and "(B) the use of the Patriot missile combined with a kick stage rocket motor and LEAP. "(d) Effective Date. - The provisions of subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall be implemented not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 1992]." MISSILE DEFENSE PROGRAM Pub. L. 102-190, div. A, title II, part C, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1321, as amended by Pub. L. 102-484, div. A, title II, Sec. 234(a)-(d)(1), (e), (f), title X, Sec. 1053(1), (2), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2356, 2357, 2501; Pub. L. 103-35, title II, Secs. 202(a)(2), 203(b)(1), May 31, 1993, 107 Stat. 101, 102; Pub. L. 103- 160, div. A, title II, Secs. 232, 243(e), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1593, 1606; Pub. L. 103-337, div. A, title II, Sec. 233, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2700, specified that such provisions could be cited as the "Missile Defense Act of 1991", and related to missile defense goal of United States, implementation of goal, review of follow-on deployment options, definition of term "ABM Treaty", and interpretation of such provisions, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104- 106, div. A, title II, Sec. 238, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 233. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior authorization act: Pub. L. 101-510, div. A, title II, Sec. 221, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1511. STRETCHOUT OF MAJOR DEFENSE ACQUISITION PROGRAMS Pub. L. 100-456, div. A, title I, Sec. 117, 102 Stat. 1933, as amended by Pub. L. 104-106, div. D, title XLIII, Sec. 4321(i)(3), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 676, required Secretary of Defense to submit a stretchout impact statement for certain major defense acquisition programs at same time the budget for any fiscal year is submitted to Congress and to submit to Committees on Armed Services of Senate and House of Representatives, no later than Mar. 15, 1989, a report on feasibility and effect of establishing maximum production rates by December 1990 for certain major defense acquisition programs, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105-85, div. A, title X, Sec. 1041(c), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1885. PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN CONTRACTS WITH FOREIGN ENTITIES Section 222 of Pub. L. 100-180 provided that: "(a) SDI Contracts With Foreign Entities. - Funds appropriated to or for the use of the Department of Defense may not be used for the purpose of entering into or carrying out any contract with a foreign government or a foreign firm if the contract provides for the conduct of research, development, test, or evaluation in connection with the Strategic Defense Initiative program. "(b) Temporary Suspension of Prohibition Upon Certification of the Secretary of Defense. - The prohibition in subsection (a) shall not apply to a contract in any fiscal year if the Secretary of Defense certifies to Congress in writing at any time during such fiscal year that the research, development, testing, or evaluation to be performed under such contract cannot be competently performed by a United States firm at a price equal to or less than the price at which the research, development, testing, or evaluation would be performed by a foreign firm. "(c) Exceptions for Certain Contracts. - The prohibition in subsection (a) shall not apply to a contract awarded to a foreign government or foreign firm if - "(1) the contract is to be performed within the United States; "(2) the contract is exclusively for research, development, test, or evaluation in connection with antitactical ballistic missile systems; or "(3) that foreign government or foreign firm agrees to share a substantial portion of the total contract cost. "(d) Definitions. - In this section: "(1) The term 'foreign firm' means a business entity owned or controlled by one or more foreign nationals or a business entity in which more than 50 percent of the stock is owned or controlled by one or more foreign nationals. "(2) The term 'United States firm' means a business entity other than a foreign firm. "(e) Transition. - The prohibition in subsection (a) shall not apply to a contract entered into before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 1987]." LIMITATION ON TRANSFER OF CERTAIN MILITARY TECHNOLOGY TO INDEPENDENT STATES OF FORMER SOVIET UNION Section 223 of Pub. L. 100-180, as amended by Pub. L. 103-199, title II, Sec. 203(a)(1), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2321, provided that: "Military technology developed with funds appropriated or otherwise made available for the Ballistic Missile Defense Program may not be transferred (or made available for transfer) to Russia or any other independent state of the former Soviet Union by the United States (or with the consent of the United States) unless the President determines, and certifies to the Congress at least 15 days prior to any such transfer, that such transfer is in the national interest of the United States and is to be made for the purpose of maintaining peace." SDI ARCHITECTURE TO REQUIRE HUMAN DECISION MAKING Section 224 of Pub. L. 100-180 provided that: "No agency of the Federal Government may plan for, fund, or otherwise support the development of command and control systems for strategic defense in the boost or post-boost phase against ballistic missile threats that would permit such strategic defenses to initiate the directing of damaging or lethal fire except by affirmative human decision at an appropriate level of authority." PROHIBITION ON DEPLOYMENT OF ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE SYSTEM UNLESS AUTHORIZED BY LAW Section 226 of Pub. L. 100-180 prohibited Secretary of Defense from deploying anti-ballistic missile system unless such deployment was specifically authorized by law after Dec. 4, 1987, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104-106, div. A, title II, Sec. 253(3), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 234. ESTABLISHMENT OF FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER TO SUPPORT SDI PROGRAM Pub. L. 100-180, div. A, title II, Sec. 227, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1057, authorized the Secretary of Defense, using funds appropriated to the Department of Defense for the Strategic Defense Initiative program, to enter into a contract not to be awarded before Oct. 1, 1989, to provide for the establishment and operation of a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) to provide independent and objective technical support to the Strategic Defense Initiative program, and provided that no Federal funds could be provided to the new FFRDC after the end of the five- year period beginning on the date of the award of the first contract awarded. LIMITATION ON ESTABLISHMENT OF FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER FOR STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE PROGRAM Pub. L. 99-661, div. A, title II, Sec. 213, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3841, prohibited the Secretary of Defense from obligating or expending any funds for the purpose of operating a Federally funded research and development center that was established for the support of the Strategic Defense Initiative Program after Nov. 14, 1986, unless the Secretary submitted to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report with respect to such proposed center and funds were specifically authorized to be appropriated for such purpose in an Act other than an appropriations Act or a continuing resolution. SHOULD-COST ANALYSES Pub. L. 99-145, title IX, Sec. 915, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 688, as amended by Pub. L. 100-26, Sec. 11(a)(2), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 288, required Secretary of Defense to submit to Congress an annual report setting forth Secretary's plan for performance during next fiscal year of cost analyses for major defense acquisition programs for purpose of determining how much production of covered systems under such programs should cost, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101-510, div. A, title XIII, Sec. 1322(d)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1672. REQUIREMENT FOR SPECIFIC AUTHORIZATION FOR DEPLOYMENT OF STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE SYSTEM Pub. L. 99-145, title II, Sec. 222, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 613, provided that strategic defense system developed as consequence of research, development, test, and evaluation conducted on Strategic Defense Initiative program could not be deployed in whole or in part unless President made a certain determination and certification to Congress and funding for deployment of such system was specifically authorized by legislation enacted after date of certification, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104-106, div. A, title II, Sec. 253(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 234. ANNUAL REPORT ON BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE PROGRAM Pub. L. 101-189, div. A, title II, Sec. 224, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1398, as amended by Pub. L. 103-160, div. A, title II, Sec. 240, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1603; Pub. L. 104-201, div. A, title II, Sec. 244, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2463, provided that not later than March 15 of each year, the Secretary of Defense was to transmit to Congress a report on the programs and projects that constitute the Ballistic Missile Defense program and on any other program or project relating to defense against ballistic missiles, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106-65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1032(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 751. Pub. L. 100-180, div. A, title II, Sec. 231(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1059, provided that not later than Mar. 15, 1988 and Mar. 15, 1989, the Secretary of Defense was to transmit to Congress a report on the programs that constitute the Strategic Defense Initiative and on any other program relating to defense against ballistic missiles. Pub. L. 98-525, title XI, Sec. 1102, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2580, required Secretary of Defense, at time of his annual budget presentation to Congress beginning with fiscal year 1986 and ending with fiscal year 1990, to transmit to Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives and Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Relations of Senate, a detailed report on programs that constitute SDI, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100- 180, div. A, title II, Sec. 231(b), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1060. PLANS FOR MANAGEMENT OF TECHNICAL DATA AND COMPUTER CAPABILITY IMPROVEMENTS Section 1252 of Pub. L. 98-525 directed Secretary of Defense, not later than one year after Oct. 19, 1984, to develop a plan for an improved sys