-CITE- 22 USC CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS -HEAD- CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS -MISC1- SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 1431. Congressional declaration of objectives. 1432. Information on United States participation in United Nations. 1433. Definitions. 1434. Repealed. 1435. Delegation of authority by Secretary. 1436. Restriction on disclosure of information. 1437. Utilization of private agencies. 1438. Veterans' preference. 1439 to 1441. Repealed or Omitted. 1442. Informational media guaranties. 1442a. National security measures. SUBCHAPTER II - INTERCHANGE OF PERSONS, KNOWLEDGE, AND SKILLS BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES 1446. Repealed. 1447. Books and materials. 1448. Assistance to certain institutions abroad founded or sponsored by United States citizens. SUBCHAPTER III - ASSIGNMENT OF SPECIALISTS 1451. Assignment of Government employees to requesting countries; governing regulations. 1452. Status and allowances of assigned personnel. 1453. Acceptance of office under foreign governments of assigned personnel; oath of allegiance. SUBCHAPTER IV - PARTICIPATION BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 1456. Utilization of facilities and personnel of other Government agencies; reimbursement to agencies; report to Congress. 1457. Rendition of technical and other services to foreign governments; limitations. 1458. Policy governing rendition of services. SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES 1461. General authorization. 1461-1. Mission of United States Information Agency. 1461-1a. Ban on domestic activities by United States Information Agency. 1461a. Omitted. 1461b. Indemnification of owners of short-wave radio facilities against loss or damage. 1461c. Omitted. 1462. Policies governing information activities. 1463. Repealed. 1464. Voice of America/Europe. 1464a. Broadcasting Board of Governors satellite and television. 1464b. Voice of America hiring practices. SUBCHAPTER V-A - RADIO BROADCASTING TO CUBA 1465. Congressional findings and declaration of purposes. 1465a. Additional functions of Broadcasting Board of Governors. 1465b. Cuba Service. 1465c. Advisory Board for Cuba Broadcasting. 1465d. Assistance from other government agencies. 1465e. Compensation for Cuban interference with broadcasting in United States. 1465f. Authorization of appropriations. 1465g. Repealed. SUBCHAPTER V-B - TELEVISION BROADCASTING TO CUBA 1465aa. Findings and purposes. 1465bb. Television broadcasting to Cuba. 1465cc. Television Marti Service. 1465dd. Assistance from other Government agencies. 1465ee. Authorization of appropriations. 1465ff. Definitions. SUBCHAPTER VI - ADVISORY COMMISSIONS TO FORMULATE POLICIES 1466 to 1468. Omitted. 1469. United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy. SUBCHAPTER VII - ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE 1471. Authority of Secretary of State. 1472. Department of State and other Government agencies. 1473. Use of existing Government property and facilities. 1474. Additional authority of Secretary of State or other Government agency authorized to administer provisions. 1475. Travel expenses. 1475a. Replacement of passenger motor vehicles. 1475b, 1475c. Repealed. 1475d. Compensation for disability or death. 1475e. Use of English-teaching program fees. 1475f. Repealed. 1475g. Overseas public diplomacy posts and personnel overseas. 1475h. Overseas public diplomacy grants. SUBCHAPTER VIII - APPROPRIATIONS AND OTHER FUNDS 1476. Repealed. 1477. Transfer of funds. 1477a, 1477b. Omitted or Repealed. 1477c. Notification and award of grants. 1478. Reimbursement of program expenses from sources other than appropriations; disposition of receipts. 1479. Advancement of funds, property, or services by foreign governments; disposition; availability; return of unexpended balances or property. 1480. Repealed. -End- -CITE- 22 USC SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1431 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1431. Congressional declaration of objectives -STATUTE- The Congress declares that the objectives of this chapter are to enable the Government of the United States to promote a better understanding of the United States in other countries, and to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries. Among the means to be used in achieving these objectives are - (1) an information service to disseminate abroad information about the United States, its people, and policies promulgated by the Congress, the President, the Secretary of State and other responsible officials of Government having to do with matters affecting foreign affairs; (2) Repealed. Pub. L. 87-256, Sec. 111(a)(2), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title I, Sec. 2, 62 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 87- 256, Sec. 111(a)(2), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1961 - Pub. L. 87-256 repealed par. (2) which authorized an educational exchange service to cooperate with other nations in the interchange of persons, knowledge, and skills, in the rendering of technical and other services, and in the interchange of developments in the field of education, the arts, and sciences. See section 2451 et seq. of this title. TERMINATION OF CHAPTER Section 1006 of act Jan. 27, 1948, provided that: "The authority granted under this Act [this chapter] shall terminate whenever such termination is directed by concurrent resolution of the two Houses of the Congress." SHORT TITLE OF 1983 AMENDMENT For short title of Pub. L. 98-111, which enacted subchapter V-A of this chapter, as the "Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act", see section 1 of Pub. L. 98-111, set out as a Short Title note under section 1465 of this title. SHORT TITLE OF 1973 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 93-168, Sec. 1, Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 688, provided: "That this Act [amending former section 1476 of this title] may be cited as the 'United States Information Agency Appropriations Authorization Act of 1973'." SHORT TITLE Section 1 of act Jan. 27, 1948, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948'." SEPARABILITY Section 1010 of act Jan. 27, 1948, provided that: "If any provision of this Act [enacting this chapter] or the application of any such provision to any person or circumstance shall be held invalid, the validity of the remainder of the Act [this chapter] and the applicability of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby." -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS All functions vested in the President, the Secretary of State, the Department of State, the United States Information Agency, or the Director thereof, under this chapter, were transferred to the Director of the International Communication Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 7(a)(1), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637, set out under section 1461 of this title, effective on or before July 1, 1978, at such time as specified by the President, except to the extent that such functions were vested in the President under sections 1452, 1456, and 1467 of this title. The International Communication Agency, and the Director thereof, were redesignated the United States Information Agency, and the Director thereof, by section 303 of Pub. L. 97-241, title III, Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, set out as a note under section 1461 of this title. United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. -MISC2- PROMOTION OF FREE MEDIA AND OTHER AMERICAN VALUES Pub. L. 108-458, title VII, Sec. 7108, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3790, provided that: "(a) Promotion of United States Values Through Broadcast Media. - "(1) Findings. - Consistent with the report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, Congress makes the following findings: "(A) Although the United States has demonstrated and promoted its values in defending Muslims against tyrants and criminals in Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq, this message is neither convincingly presented nor widely understood. "(B) If the United States does not act to vigorously define its message in countries with predominantly Muslim populations, the image of the United States will be defined by Islamic extremists who seek to demonize the United States. "(C) Recognizing that many Muslim audiences rely on satellite television and radio, the United States Government has launched promising initiatives in television and radio broadcasting to the Islamic world, including Iran and Afghanistan. "(2) Sense of congress. - It is the sense of Congress that - "(A) the United States must do more to defend and promote its values and ideals to the broadest possible audience in countries with predominantly Muslim populations; "(B) United States efforts to defend and promote these values and ideals are beginning to ensure that accurate expressions of these values reach large Muslim audiences and should be robustly supported; "(C) the United States Government could and should do more to engage Muslim audiences in the struggle of ideas; and "(D) the United States Government should more intensively employ existing broadcast media in the Islamic world as part of this engagement. "(b) Enhancing Free and Independent Media. - "(1) Findings. - Congress makes the following findings: "(A) Freedom of speech and freedom of the press are fundamental human rights. "(B) The United States has a national interest in promoting these freedoms by supporting free media abroad, which is essential to the development of free and democratic societies consistent with our own. "(C) Free media is undermined, endangered, or nonexistent in many repressive and transitional societies around the world, including in Eurasia, Africa, and the Middle East. "(D) Individuals lacking access to a plurality of free media are vulnerable to misinformation and propaganda and are potentially more likely to adopt anti-United States views. "(E) Foreign governments have a responsibility to actively and publicly discourage and rebut unprofessional and unethical media while respecting journalistic integrity and editorial independence. "(2) Statement of policy. - It shall be the policy of the United States, acting through the Secretary of State, to - "(A) ensure that the promotion of freedom of the press and freedom of media worldwide is a priority of United States foreign policy and an integral component of United States public diplomacy; "(B) respect the journalistic integrity and editorial independence of free media worldwide; and "(C) ensure that widely accepted standards for professional and ethical journalistic and editorial practices are employed when assessing international media. "(c) Establishment of Media Network. - "(1) Grants for establishment of network. - The Secretary of State shall, utilizing amounts authorized to be appropriated by subsection (e)(2) [(d)(2)], make grants to the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) under the National Endowment for Democracy Act (22 U.S.C. 4411 et seq.) for utilization by the Endowment to provide funding to a private sector group to establish and manage a free and independent media network as specified in paragraph (2). "(2) Media network. - The media network established using funds under paragraph (1) shall provide an effective forum to convene a broad range of individuals, organizations, and governmental participants involved in journalistic activities and the development of free and independent media in order to - "(A) fund a clearinghouse to collect and share information concerning international media development and training; "(B) improve research in the field of media assistance and program evaluation to better inform decisions regarding funding and program design for government and private donors; "(C) explore the most appropriate use of existing means to more effectively encourage the involvement of the private sector in the field of media assistance; and "(D) identify effective methods for the development of a free and independent media in societies in transition. "(d) Authorizations of Appropriations. - "(1) In general. - There are authorized to be appropriated for each of fiscal years 2005 and 2006, unless otherwise authorized by Congress, such sums as may be necessary to carry out United States Government broadcasting activities consistent with this section under the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6201 et seq.), and the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6501 et seq.), and to carry out other activities under this section consistent with the purposes of such Acts, unless otherwise authorized by Congress. "(2) Grants for media network. - In addition to the amounts authorized to be appropriated under paragraph (1), there are authorized to be appropriated for each of fiscal years 2005 and 2006, unless otherwise authorized by Congress, such sums as may be necessary for grants under subsection (c)(1) for the establishment of the media network described in subsection (c)(2)." CONTINUATION OF CERTAIN EXECUTIVE ORDERS, AGREEMENTS, DETERMINATIONS, REGULATIONS, CONTRACTS, APPOINTMENTS, AND OTHER ACTIONS Continuation in full force and effect, and applicability to the appropriate provisions of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, set out as section 2451 et seq. of this title, until modified or superseded by appropriate authority, of all Executive orders, agreements, determinations, regulations, contracts, appointments, and other actions issued, concluded, or taken under authority of this section, see section 111(b) of Pub. L. 87-256, set out as a note under section 2451 of this title. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1432 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1432. Information on United States participation in United Nations -STATUTE- In carrying out the objectives of this chapter, information concerning the participation of the United States in the United Nations, its organizations and functions, shall be emphasized. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title I, Sec. 3, 62 Stat. 6.) -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1433 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1433. Definitions -STATUTE- When used in this chapter, the term - (1) "Secretary" means the Secretary of State. (2) "Department" means the Department of State. (3) "Government agency" means any executive department, board, bureau, commission, or other agency of the Federal Government, or independent establishment, or any corporation wholly owned (either directly or through one or more corporations) by the United States. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title I, Sec. 4, 62 Stat. 6.) -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1434 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1434. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 1434. Repealed. Pub. L. 96-60, title II, Sec. 203(a)(1), Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 398. Section, acts Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title X, Sec. 1001, 62 Stat. 13; Apr. 5, 1952, ch. 159, Sec. 1, 66 Stat. 43; 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, Sec. 7(a)(1), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637; 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 2, Sec. 102, eff. Jan. 1, 1979, 43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783, provided for loyalty check of personnel. Pub. L. 87-256, Sec. 111(a)(2), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538, previously repealed this section insofar as it related to persons employed or assigned to duties under the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 209 of Pub. L. 96-60, set out as an Effective Date of 1979 Amendment note under section 1471 of this title. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1435 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1435. Delegation of authority by Secretary -STATUTE- The Secretary may delegate, to such officers of the Government as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, any of the powers conferred upon him by this chapter to the extent that he finds such delegation to be in the interest of the purposes expressed in this chapter and the efficient administration of the programs undertaken pursuant to this chapter. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title X, Sec. 1002, 62 Stat. 13.) -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1436 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1436. Restriction on disclosure of information -STATUTE- Nothing in this chapter shall authorize the disclosure of any information or knowledge in any case in which such disclosure (1) is prohibited by any other law of the United States, or (2) is inconsistent with the security of the United States. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title X, Sec. 1003, 62 Stat. 13.) -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1437 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1437. Utilization of private agencies -STATUTE- In carrying out the provisions of this chapter it shall be the duty of the Secretary to utilize, to the maximum extent practicable, the services and facilities of private agencies, including existing American press, publishing, radio, motion picture, and other agencies, through contractual arrangements or otherwise. It is the intent of Congress that the Secretary shall encourage participation in carrying out the purposes of this chapter by the maximum number of different private agencies in each field consistent with the present or potential market for their services in each country. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title X, Sec. 1005, 62 Stat. 14.) -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1438 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1438. Veterans' preference -STATUTE- No provision of this chapter shall be construed to modify or to repeal the provisions of sections 1302(b), (c), 2108, 3305(b), 3306(a)(2), 3308 to 3318, 3319(b), 3320, 3351, 3363, 3364, 3501 to 3504, 7511, 7512, and 7701 of title 5. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title X, Sec. 1007, 62 Stat. 14.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 3306 of title 5, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 95-228, Sec. 1, Feb. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 25. Section 3319 of title 5, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 95-454, title III, Sec. 307(h)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1149. Section 3364 of title 5, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 94-183, Sec. 2(6), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057. Sections 7511 and 7512 of title 5, referred to in text, which related to adverse actions against preference eligible employees and comprised subchapter II of chapter 75 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, were repealed by Pub. L. 95-454 and replaced by a new subchapter II (Secs. 7511-7514) of chapter 75 relating to removal, suspension for more than 14 days, reduction in grade or pay, or furlough for 30 days or less. -COD- CODIFICATION "Sections 1302(b), (c), 2108, 3305(b), 3306(a)(2), 3308 to 3318, 3319(b), 3320, 3351, 3363, 3364, 3501 to 3504, 7511, 7512, and 7701 of title 5" substituted in text for "the Veterans' Preference Act of 1944" on authority of Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1439 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1439. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 1439. Repealed. Pub. L. 96-470, title I, Sec. 117, Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2240. Section, acts Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title X, Sec. 1008, 62 Stat. 14; Sept. 21, 1961, Pub. L. 87-256, Sec. 111(a)(2), 75 Stat. 538; Oct. 26, 1974, Pub. L. 93-475, Sec. 7, 88 Stat. 1440; 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, Sec. 7(a)(1), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637, required the Director to submit annual reports to Congress on expenditures made and activities carried on under this chapter, including appraisals and measurements, where feasible, as to the effectiveness of the several programs in each country where conducted. Pub. L. 87-256, Sec. 111(9)(2), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538, previously repealed this section insofar as it related to educational exchange activities. See section 2458(b) of this title. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1440 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1440. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 1440. Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, Sec. 1336(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section, acts Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title X, Sec. 1009, 62 Stat. 14; Pub. L. 87-256, Sec. 111(a)(2), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538, related to applicability of chapter provisions to similar international activities of State Department. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105- 277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1441 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1441. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Section, based on third proviso under subheading "International Information and Education Activities" under heading "State Department" of Title I of the Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1950 (approved Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 694, 63 Stat. 878), authorized the acquisition of land outside the continental United States, and was not repeated in the Department of State Appropriation Act, 1951 (approved Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, ch. III, title I, 64 Stat. 609), or other appropriation acts. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1442 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1442. Informational media guaranties -STATUTE- (a) Authorization to make The Director of the United States Information Agency may make guaranties, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of section 1933 (!1) of this title, of investments in enterprises producing or distributing informational media consistent with the national interests of the United States: Provided, That the purpose of making informational media guaranties shall be the achievement of the foreign policy objectives of the United States, including the objective mentioned in sections 1933(b)(4)(A) (!1) and 1933(b)(4)(G) (!1) of this title. (b) Assumption of notes issued pursuant to section 1509(c)(2) of this title; advances The Director is authorized to assume the obligation of not to exceed $28,000,000 of the notes authorized to be issued pursuant to section 1509(c)(2) (!1) of this title, together with the interest accrued and unpaid thereon, and to obtain advances from time to time from the Secretary of the Treasury up to such amount, less amounts previously advanced on such notes, as provided for in said notes. Such advances shall be deposited in a special account in the Treasury available for payments under informational media guaranties. (c) Limitations of time; total of guaranties outstanding The Director is authorized to make informational media guaranties without regard to the limitations of time contained in section 1933(b)(4) (!1) of this title, but the total of such guaranties outstanding at any one time shall not exceed the sum of the face amount of the notes assumed by the Director less the amounts previously advanced on such notes by the Secretary of the Treasury plus the amount of the funds in the special account referred to in subsection (b) of this section. (d) Sale of foreign currencies; special account; availability Foreign currencies available after June 30, 1955, from conversions made pursuant to the obligation of informational media guaranties may be sold, in accordance with Treasury Department regulations, for dollars which shall be deposited in the special account and shall be available for payments under new guaranties. Such currencies shall be available, as may be provided for by the Congress in appropriation Acts, for use for educational, scientific, and cultural purposes which are in the national interest of the United States, and for such other purposes of mutual interest as may be agreed to by the governments of the United States and the country from which the currencies derive. (e) Deposit of fees; availability Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1933(b)(4)(E) (!1) of this title, (1) fees collected for the issuance of informational media guaranties shall be deposited in the special account and shall be available for payments under informational media guaranties; and (2) the Director may require the payment of a minimum charge of up to fifty dollars for issuance of guaranty contracts, or amendments thereto. (f) Advance payments The Director is further authorized, under such terms as he may prescribe, to make advance payments under informational media guaranties: Provided, That currencies receivable from holders of such guaranties on account of such advance payments shall be paid to the United States within nine months from the date of the advance payment and that appropriate security to assure such payments is required before any advance payment is made. (g) Separate accounts; transfers As soon as feasible after July 18, 1956, all assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and charges of whatever kind pertaining to informational media guaranties, including any charges against the authority to issue notes provided in section 1509(c)(2) (!1) of this title, cumulative from April 3, 1948, shall be accounted for separately from other guaranties issued pursuant to section 1933(b) (!1) of this title: Provided, That there shall be transferred from the special account established pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, into the account available for payments under guaranties other than the informational media guaranties, an amount equal to the total of the fees received for the issuance of guaranties other than informational media guaranties, and used to make payments under informational media guaranties. (h) Appropriations for restoration of realized impairment to capital; liquidation of notes (1) There is authorized to be appropriated annually an amount to restore in whole or in part any realized impairment to the capital used in carrying on the authority to make informational media guaranties, as provided in subsection (c) of this section, through the end of the last completed fiscal year. (2) Such impairment shall consist of the amount by which the losses incurred and interest accrued on notes exceed the revenue earned and any previous appropriations made for the restoration of impairment. Losses shall include the dollar losses on foreign currencies sold, and the dollar cost of foreign currencies which (a) the Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation with the Director, has determined to be unavailable for, or in excess of, requirements of the United States, or (b) have been transferred to other accounts without reimbursement to the special account. (3) Dollars appropriated pursuant to this section shall be applied to the payment of interest and in satisfaction of notes issued or assumed hereunder, and to the extent of such application to the principal of the notes, the Director is authorized to issue notes to the Secretary of the Treasury which will bear interest at a rate to be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the current average market yields of outstanding marketable obligations of the United States having maturities comparable to the guaranties. The currencies determined to be unavailable for, or in excess of, requirements of the United States as provided above shall be transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury to be held until disposed of, and any dollar proceeds realized from such disposition shall be deposited in miscellaneous receipts. (4) Section 1476(a) of this title (!1) shall not apply with respect to any amounts appropriated under this section for the purpose of liquidating the notes (and any accrued interest thereon) which were assumed in the operation of the informational media guaranty program under this section and which were outstanding on August 24, 1982. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title X, Sec. 1011, as added Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, Sec. 544(a), 68 Stat. 862; amended Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, Sec. 544(g), as added July 18, 1956, ch. 627, Sec. 11(a), 70 Stat. 563, and amended Pub. L. 85-141, Sec. 11(b)(1), Aug. 14, 1957, 71 Stat. 365; Pub. L. 85-477, ch. V, Sec. 502(i), June 30, 1958, 72 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 86-108, ch. VII, Sec. 701(c), July 24, 1959, 73 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 97-241, title III, Sec. 304(f), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 293.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 1933 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (a), (c), (e), and (g), was repealed by Pub. L. 87-195, pt. III, Sec. 642(a)(2), Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 460. See section 2351 of this title. Section 1509 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (g), was repealed by act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, Sec. 542(a)(4), (6), (9), (10), (11), 68 Stat. 861. See section 1754 et seq. of this title. Section 1476(a) of this title, referred to in subsec. (h)(4), was repealed by Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, Sec. 1336(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1982 - Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 97-241, Sec. 304(f), added par. (4). 1959 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86-108 provided that the purpose of making informational media guaranties shall be the achievement of the foreign policy objectives of the United States, including the objective mentioned in former sections 1933(b)(4)(A) and 1933(b)(4)(G) of this title, now covered by section 2351 of this title. 1958 - Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 85-477 added subsec. (h). 1956 - Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 26, 1954, Sec. 544(g), as added by act July 18, 1956, designated as subsec. (a) the entire former section and amended it to eliminate provisions which permitted the Director to make guaranties against funds made available by notes issued pursuant to section 1509(c)(2) of this title and which limited the amount of such guaranties in any fiscal year to not more than $10,000,000. Such provisions were covered by subsecs. (b) to (g) of this section. Subsecs. (b) to (g). Act Aug. 26, 1954, Sec. 544(g), as added by act July 18, 1956, added subsecs (b) to (g). REPEALS Section 544(a), (g) of act Aug. 26, 1954, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed by section 11(b)(1) of Pub. L. 85-141, except in so far as section 544(a), (g) affected this section. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1442a 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER I - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 1442a. National security measures -STATUTE- (a) Restriction In coordination with other appropriate executive branch officials, the Secretary of State shall take all appropriate steps to - (1) prevent any agent of a foreign power from participating in educational and cultural exchange programs under this chapter; (2) ensure that no person who is involved in the research, development, design, testing, evaluation, or production of missiles or weapons of mass destruction is a participant in any program of educational or cultural exchange under this chapter if such person is employed by, or attached to, an entity within a country that has been identified by any element of the United States intelligence community (as defined by section 401a(4) of title 50) within the previous 5 years as having been involved in the proliferation of missiles or weapons of mass destruction; and (3) ensure that no person who is involved in the research, development, design, testing, evaluation, or production of chemical or biological weapons for offensive purposes is a participant in any program of educational or cultural exchange under this chapter. (b) Definitions (1) The term "appropriate executive branch officials" means officials from the elements of the United States Government listed pursuant to section 101 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 (Public Law 105-272). (2) The term "agent of a foreign power" has the same meaning as set forth in section 1801(b)(1)(B) and (b)(2) of title 50, and does not include any person who acts in the capacity defined under section 1801(b)(1)(A) of title 50. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title X, Sec. 1012, as added Pub. L. 106- 113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title IV, Sec. 403], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-446.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 101 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is section 101 of Pub. L. 105- 272, title I, Oct. 20, 1998, 112 Stat. 2397, which is not classified to the Code. -End- -CITE- 22 USC SUBCHAPTER II - INTERCHANGE OF PERSONS, KNOWLEDGE, AND SKILLS BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER II - INTERCHANGE OF PERSONS, KNOWLEDGE, AND SKILLS BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER II - INTERCHANGE OF PERSONS, KNOWLEDGE, AND SKILLS BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1446 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER II - INTERCHANGE OF PERSONS, KNOWLEDGE, AND SKILLS BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES -HEAD- Sec. 1446. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 1446. Repealed. Pub. L. 87-256, Sec. 111(a)(2), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538. Section, acts Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title II, Sec. 201, 62 Stat. 7; June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title IV, Sec. 402(f), 66 Stat. 276; June 4, 1956, ch. 356, 70 Stat. 241, authorized the interchange of persons on a reciprocal basis between the United States and other countries, provided for orientation courses, admission as nonimmigrant visitors, deportation, and eligibility requirements for reentry under changed status. See section 2451 et seq. of this title. CONTINUATION OF CERTAIN EXECUTIVE ORDERS, AGREEMENTS, DETERMINATIONS, REGULATIONS, CONTRACTS, APPOINTMENTS, AND OTHER ACTIONS Continuation in full force and effect, and applicability to the appropriate provisions of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, set out as section 2451 et seq. of this title, until modified or superseded by appropriate authority, of all Executive orders, agreements, determinations, regulations, contracts, appointments, and other actions issued, concluded, or taken under authority of this section, see section 111(b) of Pub. L. 87-256, set out as a note under section 2451 of this title. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1447 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER II - INTERCHANGE OF PERSONS, KNOWLEDGE, AND SKILLS BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES -HEAD- Sec. 1447. Books and materials -STATUTE- The Secretary is authorized to provide for interchanges between the United States and other countries of books and periodicals, including government publications, for the translation of such writings, and for the preparation, distribution, and interchange of other educational materials. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title II, Sec. 202, 62 Stat. 7.) -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1448 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER II - INTERCHANGE OF PERSONS, KNOWLEDGE, AND SKILLS BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES -HEAD- Sec. 1448. Assistance to certain institutions abroad founded or sponsored by United States citizens -STATUTE- The Secretary is authorized to provide for assistance to schools, libraries, and community centers abroad, founded or sponsored by citizens of the United States, and serving as demonstration centers for methods and practices employed in the United States. In assisting any such schools, however, the Secretary shall exercise no control over their educational policies and shall in no case furnish assistance of any character which is not in keeping with the free democratic principles and the established foreign policy of the United States. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title II, Sec. 203, 62 Stat. 7.) -STATAMEND- PARTIAL REPEAL Pub. L. 87-256, Sec. 111(a)(2), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538, repealed this section insofar as it relates to schools. See section 2451 et seq. of this title. -MISC1- CONTINUATION OF CERTAIN EXECUTIVE ORDERS, AGREEMENTS, DETERMINATIONS, REGULATIONS, CONTRACTS, APPOINTMENTS, AND OTHER ACTIONS Continuation in full force and effect, and applicability to the appropriate provisions of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, set out as section 2451 et seq. of this title, until modified or superseded by appropriate authority, of all Executive orders, agreements, determinations, regulations, contracts, appointments, and other actions issued, concluded, or taken under authority of this section, see section 111(b) of Pub. L. 87-256, set out as a note under section 2451 of this title. -End- -CITE- 22 USC SUBCHAPTER III - ASSIGNMENT OF SPECIALISTS 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER III - ASSIGNMENT OF SPECIALISTS -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER III - ASSIGNMENT OF SPECIALISTS -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1451 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER III - ASSIGNMENT OF SPECIALISTS -HEAD- Sec. 1451. Assignment of Government employees to requesting countries; governing regulations -STATUTE- The Director of the United States Information Agency is authorized, when the government of another country is desirous of obtaining the services of a person having special scientific or other technical or professional qualifications, from time to time to assign or authorize the assignment for service, to or in cooperation with such government, any person in the employ or service of the Government of the United States who has such qualifications, with the approval of the Government agency in which such person is employed or serving. No person shall be assigned for service to or in cooperation with the government of any country unless (1) the Director finds that such assignment is necessary in the national interest of the United States, or (2) such government agrees to reimburse the United States in an amount equal to the compensation, travel expenses, and allowances payable to such person during the period of such assignment in accordance with the provisions of section 1452 of this title, or (3) such government shall have made an advance of funds, property, or services as provided in section 1479 of this title. Nothing in this chapter, however, shall authorize the assignment of such personnel for service relating to the organization, training, operation, development, or combat equipment of the armed forces of a foreign government. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title III, Sec. 301, 62 Stat. 7; Pub. L. 97- 241, title III, Sec. 304(a)(1)(A), (2)(A), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 292.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1982 - Pub. L. 97-241 substituted "person in the employ" for "citizen of the United States in the employ", "Director of the United States Information Agency" for "Secretary", and "Director finds" for "Secretary finds". -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. -MISC2- REFERENCES TO ACT MAY 25, 1938 Subsec. (c) of section 1004 of act Jan. 27, 1948, provided that: "Any reference in the Foreign Service Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 999) [section 801 et seq. of this title], or in any other law, to provisions of such Act of May 25, 1938, as amended [section 118e of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees], shall be construed to be applicable to the appropriate provisions of titles III and IX of this Act [sections 1451 to 1453, 1478, and 1479 of this title]." EFFECTIVENESS OF EXECUTIVE ORDERS AND REGULATIONS UNDER ACT MAY 25, 1938, CH. 277, 52 STAT. 442 Subsec. (b) of section 1004 of act Jan. 27, 1948, provided that: "Existing Executive orders and regulations pertaining to the administration of such Act of May 25, 1938, as amended [former section 118e of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees], shall remain in effect until superseded by regulations prescribed under the provisions of this Act [this chapter]." -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1452 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER III - ASSIGNMENT OF SPECIALISTS -HEAD- Sec. 1452. Status and allowances of assigned personnel -STATUTE- Any person in the employ or service of the Government of the United States, while assigned for service to or in cooperation with another government under the authority of this chapter, shall be considered, for the purpose of preserving his rights, allowances, and privileges as such, an officer or employee of the Government of the United States and of the Government agency from which assigned and he shall continue to receive compensation from that agency. He may also receive, under such regulations as the President may prescribe, representation allowances similar to those allowed under section 4085 of this title. The authorization of such allowances and other benefits and the payment thereof out of any appropriations available therefor shall be considered as meeting all the requirements of section 5536 of title 5. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title III, Sec. 302, 62 Stat. 8; Pub. L. 97- 241, title III, Sec. 304(a)(1)(B), (3), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 292.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1982 - Pub. L. 97-241 substituted "person in the employ or service of the Government of the United States" for "citizen of the United States", "section 4085 of this title" for "section 1131(3) of this title", and "section 5536 of title 5" for "section 1765 of the Revised Statutes". Prior to the amendment by Pub. L. 97-241, "section 5536 of title 5" had been substituted for "section 1765 of the Revised Statutes" (which was formerly classified to section 70 of title 5) on authority of Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, thereby requiring no change in text. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1453 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER III - ASSIGNMENT OF SPECIALISTS -HEAD- Sec. 1453. Acceptance of office under foreign governments of assigned personnel; oath of allegiance -STATUTE- Any person in the employ or service of the Government of the United States while assigned for service to or in cooperation with another government under authority of this chapter may, at the discretion of his Government agency, with the concurrence of the Director of the United States Information Agency, and without additional compensation therefor, accept an office under the government to which he is assigned, if the acceptance of such an office in the opinion of such agency is necessary to permit the effective performance of duties for which he is assigned, including the making or approving on behalf of such foreign government the disbursement of funds provided by such government or of receiving from such foreign government funds for deposit and disbursement on behalf of such government, in carrying out programs undertaken pursuant to this chapter: Provided, however, That such acceptance of office shall in no case involve the taking of an oath of allegiance to another government. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title III, Sec. 303, 62 Stat. 8; Pub. L. 97- 241, title III, Sec. 304(a)(1)(B), (2)(B), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 292.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1982 - Pub. L. 97-241 substituted "person in the employ or service of the Government of the United States" for "citizen of the United States" and "Director of the United States Information Agency" for "Secretary". -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. -End- -CITE- 22 USC SUBCHAPTER IV - PARTICIPATION BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER IV - PARTICIPATION BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER IV - PARTICIPATION BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1456 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER IV - PARTICIPATION BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES -HEAD- Sec. 1456. Utilization of facilities and personnel of other Government agencies; reimbursement to agencies; report to Congress -STATUTE- The Secretary is authorized, in carrying on any activity under the authority of this chapter, to utilize, with the approval of the President, the services, facilities, and personnel of the other Government agencies. Whenever the Secretary shall use the services, facilities, or personnel of any Government agency for activities under authority of this chapter, the Secretary shall pay for such performance out of funds available to the Secretary under this chapter, either in advance, by reimbursement, or direct transfer. The Secretary shall include in each report submitted to the Congress under section 1439 (!1) of this title a statement of the services, facilities, and personnel of other Government agencies utilized in carrying on activities under the authority of this chapter, showing the names and salaries of the personnel utilized, or performing services utilized, during the period covered by such report, and the amounts paid to such other agencies under this section as payment for such performance. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title IV, Sec. 401, 62 Stat. 8.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 1439 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 96-470, title I, Sec. 117, Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2240. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1457 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER IV - PARTICIPATION BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES -HEAD- Sec. 1457. Rendition of technical and other services to foreign governments; limitations -STATUTE- A Government agency, at the request of the Secretary, may perform such technical or other services as such agency may be competent to render for the government of another country desirous of obtaining such services, upon terms and conditions which are satisfactory to the Secretary and to the head of the Government agency, when it is determined by the Secretary that such services will contribute to the purposes of this chapter. However, nothing in this chapter shall authorize the performance of services relating to the organization, training, operation, development, or combat equipment of the armed forces of a foreign government. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title IV, Sec. 402, 62 Stat. 9.) -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1458 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER IV - PARTICIPATION BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES -HEAD- Sec. 1458. Policy governing rendition of services -STATUTE- In authorizing the performance of technical and other services under this subchapter, it is the sense of the Congress (1) that the Secretary shall encourage through any appropriate Government agency the performance of such services to foreign governments by qualified private American individuals and agencies, and shall not enter into the performance of such services to any foreign government where such services may be performed adequately by qualified private American individuals and agencies and such qualified individuals and agencies are available for the performance of such services; (2) that if such services are rendered by a Government agency, they shall demonstrate the technical accomplishments of the United States, such services being of an advisory, investigative, or instructional nature, or a demonstration of a technical process; (3) that such services shall not include the construction of public works or the supervision of the construction of public works, and that, under authority of this chapter, a Government agency shall render engineering services related to public works only when the Secretary shall determine that the national interest demands the rendering of such services by a Government agency, but this policy shall not be interpreted to preclude the assignment of individual specialists as advisers to other governments as provided under subchapter III of this chapter, together with such incidental assistance as may be necessary for the accomplishment of their individual assignments. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title IV, Sec. 403, 62 Stat. 9.) -End- -CITE- 22 USC SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1461 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 1461. General authorization -STATUTE- (a) Dissemination of information abroad The Secretary is authorized, when he finds it appropriate, to provide for the preparation, and dissemination abroad, of information about the United States, its people, and its policies, through press, publications, radio, motion pictures, and other information media, and through information centers and instructors abroad. Subject to subsection (b) of this section, any such information (other than "Problems of Communism" and the "English Teaching Forum" which may be sold by the Government Printing Office) shall not be disseminated within the United States, its territories, or possessions, but, on request, shall be available in the English language at the Department of State, at all reasonable times following its release as information abroad, for examination only by representatives of United States press associations, newspapers, magazines, radio systems, and stations, and by research students and scholars, and, on request, shall be made available for examination only to Members of Congress. (b) Dissemination of information within United States (1) The Director of the United States Information Agency shall make available to the Archivist of the United States, for domestic distribution, motion pictures, films, videotapes, and other material prepared for dissemination abroad 12 years after the initial dissemination of the material abroad or, in the case of such material not disseminated abroad, 12 years after the preparation of the material. (2) The Director of the United States Information Agency shall be reimbursed for any attendant expenses. Any reimbursement to the Director pursuant to this subsection shall be credited to the applicable appropriation of the United States Information Agency. (3) The Archivist shall be the official custodian of the material and shall issue necessary regulations to ensure that persons seeking its release in the United States have secured and paid for necessary United States rights and licenses and that all costs associated with the provision of the material by the Archivist shall be paid by the persons seeking its release. The Archivist may charge fees to recover such costs, in accordance with section 2116(c) of title 44. Such fees shall be paid into, administered, and expended as part of the National Archives Trust Fund. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, Sec. 501, 62 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 92- 352, title II, Sec. 204, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 494; Pub. L. 96- 60, title II, Sec. 208, Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 101- 246, title II, Sec. 202, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 49.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1990 - Pub. L. 101-246 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted "Subject to subsection (b) of this section, any such information" for "Any such information" in second sentence, and added subsec. (b). 1979 - Pub. L. 96-60 substituted " 'Problems of Communism' and the 'English Teaching Forum' which may be sold" for " 'Problems of Communism' which may continue to be sold" in parenthetical clause. 1972 - Pub. L. 92-352 substituted provisions relating to the prohibition, except as otherwise provided, on the dissemination of information within the United States, its territories, or possessions, other than "Problems of Communism" which could continue to be sold at the Government Printing Office, for provisions relating to the availability of press release or radio scripts for examination by representatives of United States press associations, newspapers, magazines, radio systems, and stations, and, on request, Members of Congress. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. -MISC2- USIA NETWORK FOR DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION CONCERNING UNITED STATES PROGRAMS TO COMBAT NARCOTICS AND OTHER CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Section 210 of Pub. L. 101-246 provided that: "The United States Information Agency shall establish and maintain an international narcotics information network. The network shall disseminate prompt, accurate, and comprehensive information to foreign governments concerning programs and activities of the United States Government - "(1) to eliminate the illicit production, trafficking, and abuse of narcotic and psychotropic drugs and other controlled substances within the United States; and "(2) to promote drug prevention and rehabilitation in the United States." [For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title.] PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS TO PROMOTE CHILD SURVIVAL Pub. L. 101-246, title II, Sec. 233, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 57, provided that: "The United States Information Agency shall establish and maintain through the Voice of America a system of public service announcements focusing on child survival techniques." [For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title.] USIA POSTS AND PERSONNEL OVERSEAS Pub. L. 100-204, title II, Sec. 204, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1373, prohibited use of appropriated funds to pay expenses associated with closing of United States Information Agency posts abroad or to pay expenses associated with Bureau of Management or with television and film service of Agency if an Agency post abroad was closed after Apr. 1, 1987, and not reopened within 180 days after Dec. 22, 1987, placed limitation on reduction of number of positions filled by American employees of Agency stationed abroad, authorized waiver of both prohibition and limitation, and permitted Director, in case of a sequestration order, to submit a report to congressional committees proposing a list of Agency posts to be downgraded or closed in order to comply with sequestration order, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102-138, title II, Sec. 206(c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 693. See section 1475g of this title. REDESIGNATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION AGENCY AS UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY Pub. L. 97-241, title III, Sec. 303, Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, provided that: "(a) The International Communication Agency, established by Reorganization Plan Numbered 2 of 1977 [set out as a note below], is hereby redesignated the United States Information Agency. The Director of the International Communication Agency or any other official of the International Communication Agency is hereby redesignated the Director or other official, as appropriate, of the United States Information Agency. "(b) Any reference in any statute, reorganization plan, Executive order, regulation, agreement, determination, or other official document or proceeding to the International Communication Agency or the Director or other official of the International Communication Agency shall be deemed to refer respectively to the United States Information Agency or the Director or other official of the United States Information Agency, as so redesignated by subsection (a)." [For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title.] REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 8 OF 1953 EFF. AUG. 1, 1953, 18 F.R. 4542, 67 STAT. 642, AS AMENDED ACT JUNE 28, 1955, CH. 189, SEC. 12(C)(21), 69 STAT. 183; REORG. PLAN NO. 2 OF 1977, SEC. 9(B), EFF. OCT. 11, 1977, 42 F.R. 62461, 91 STAT. 1639 Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress assembled, June 1, 1953, pursuant to the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1949, approved June 20, 1949, as amended [see 5 U.S.C. 901 et seq.]. UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY SECTION 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF AGENCY [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), eff. Oct. 11, 1977, 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1639, set out as a note below. Section was amended by act June 28, 1955, ch. 189, Sec. 12(c)(21), 69 Stat. 183 and related to the establishment of the United States Information Agency.] SEC. 2. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS (a) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, there are hereby transferred to the Director (1) the functions vested in the Secretary of State by Title V of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948, as amended [22 U.S.C. 1461, 1462], and so much of functions with respect to the interchange of books and periodicals and aid to libraries and community centers under sections 202 and 203 of the said Act [22 U.S.C. 1447, 1448] as is an integral part of information programs under that Act [22 U.S.C. 1431-1479], together with so much of the functions vested in the Secretary of State by other provisions of the said Act [22 U.S.C. 1431-1479] as is incidental to or is necessary for the performance of the functions under Title V and sections 202 and 203 transferred by this section, and (2) [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), eff. Oct. 11, 1977, 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1639. Paragraph related to functions of the Secretary of State with respect to information programs relating to Germany and Austria.] (b) [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), eff. Oct. 11, 1977, 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1639. Subsection related to the transfer to the Director of functions vested in the Director for Mutual Security by the Mutual Security Act of 1951, as amended, act Oct. 10, 1951, ch. 479, 65 Stat. 373, which related to foreign information programs, as formerly provided for in section 1652 of this title.] (c)(1) The Secretary of State shall direct the policy and control the content of a program, for use abroad, on official United States positions, including interpretations of current events, identified as official positions by an exclusive descriptive label. (2) The Secretary of State shall continue to provide to the Director on a current basis full guidance concerning the foreign policy of the United States. (3) [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1639. Paragraph provided that nothing in subsec. (c) of this section was to affect the functions of the Secretary of State with respect to conducting negotiations with other governments.] (d) To the extent the President deems it necessary in order to carry out the functions transferred by the foregoing provisions of this section, he may authorize the Director to exercise, in relation to the respective functions so transferred, any authority or part thereof available by law, including appropriation acts, to the Secretary of State, the Director for Mutual Security, or the Director of the Foreign Operations Administration, in respect of the said transferred functions. SEC. 3. PERFORMANCE OF TRANSFERRED FUNCTIONS [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1639. Section related to the performance of transferred functions.] SEC. 4. INCIDENTAL TRANSFERS [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1639. Section related to incidental transfers.] SEC. 5. INTERIM PROVISIONS [Superseded. Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, Sec. 9(b), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1639. Section related to interim provisions.] [The United States Information Agency was abolished and replaced by the International Communication Agency pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, set out below, effective on or before July 1, 1978, at such time as specified by the President. The International Communication Agency was redesignated the United States Information Agency by section 303 of Pub. L. 97-241, title III, Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, set out as a note above. For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title.] MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT To the Congress of the United States: I transmit herewith Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953, prepared in accordance with the Reorganization Act of 1949, as amended, and providing for the reorganization of foreign information functions. My reasons for proposing this plan are stated in another message transmitted to the Congress today. After investigation, I have found and hereby declare that each reorganization included in Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953 is necessary to accomplish one or more of the purposes set forth in section 2(a) of the Reorganization Act of 1949, as amended. I have also found and hereby declare that it is necessary to include in the accompanying reorganization plan, by reason of reorganizations made thereby, provisions for the appointment and compensation of officers specified in section 1 of the plan. The rates of compensation fixed for these officers are, respectively, those which I have found to prevail in respect of comparable officers in the executive branch of the Government. I expect that the improved organizational arrangement provided for in Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953 will lead to substantial economies and significantly improved effectiveness of administration. It is not practicable, however, to itemize at this time the reductions in expenditures which will probably be brought about by the taking effect of the reorganizations included in the reorganization plan. Dwight D. Eisenhower. The White House, June 1, 1953. REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 2 OF 1977 42 F.R. 62461, 91 STAT. 1636, AS AMENDED PUB. L. 101-246, TITLE II, SEC. 204(C), FEB. 16, 1990, 104 STAT. 50; PUB. L. 105-277, DIV. G, SUBDIV. A, TITLE XIII, SECS. 1334(B), 1336(6), OCT. 21, 1998, 112 STAT. 2681-786, 2681-790; PUB. L. 106-113, DIV. B, SEC. 1000(A)(7) [DIV. A, TITLE IV, SEC. 404(A), (C)], NOV. 29, 1999, 113 STAT. 1536, 1501A-446, 1501A-447; PUB. L. 107-77, TITLE IV, SEC. 407(C), NOV. 28, 2001, 115 STAT. 790 Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress assembled, October 11, 1977,(!1) pursuant to the provisions of chapter 9 of title 5 of the United States Code.(!2) INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION AGENCY SECTION 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION AGENCY [Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, Sec. 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section established the International Communication Agency.] SEC. 2. DIRECTOR [Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, Sec. 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section provided for appointment and responsibilities of Director of the Agency.] SEC. 3. DEPUTY DIRECTOR [Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, Sec. 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section provided for appointment and duties of Deputy Director of the Agency.] SEC. 4. ASSOCIATE DIRECTORS [Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, Sec. 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section provided for appointment, titles, and functions of four Associate Directors of the Agency.] SEC. 5. PERFORMANCE OF FUNCTIONS [Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, Sec. 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section provided for establishment of bureaus, offices, divisions, and other units within the Agency and for performance of functions of the Director within the Agency.] SEC. 6. NEGOTIATIONS [Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, Sec. 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790. Section authorized Director to conduct negotiations with representatives of foreign states or organizations on matters for which responsibility was vested in the Director or in the Agency.] SEC. 7. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS (a) There are hereby transferred to the Director all functions vested in the President, the Secretary of State, the Department of State, the Director of the United States Information Agency, and the United States Information Agency pursuant to the following: (1) the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1431-1479), except to the extent that any function in sections 302, 401, or 602 [22 U.S.C. 1452, 1456, or 1467] is vested in the President; (2) the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2451-2458a), except for: (A) such functions as are vested by sections 102(b)(6), 102(b)(10), 104(a), 104(e)(1), 104(e)(2), 104(f), 104(g), 105(a), 105(b), 105(c), 106(a), 108 [22 U.S.C. 2452(b)(6), (b)(10), 2454(a), (e)(1), (2), (f), (g), 2455(a), (b), (c), 2456(a), 2458]; (B) to the extent that such functions were assigned to the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare immediately prior to the effective date of this Reorganization Plan, sections 104(b), 105(d)(2), 105(f), 106(d), and 106(f) [22 U.S.C. 2454(b), 2455(d)(2), (f), 2456(d), (f)]; and (C) to the extent that any function therein is vested in the President or the Secretary of State, sections 106(b) and 106(c) [22 U.S.C. 2456(b), (c)]. (3) Public Law 90-494 (22 U.S.C. [former] 929-932, 1221-1234), to the extent that such functions are vested in the Director of the United States Information Agency; (4) Sections 522(3), 692(1), and 803(a)(4) of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. [former sections] 922(3), 1037a(1), and 1063(a)(4)), to the extent such functions are vested in the Director of the United States Information Agency or in the United States Information Agency. (5) Section 4 of the United States Information Agency Appropriations Authorization Act of 1973, Public Law 93-168 [Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 689]; (6)(A) Sections 107(b), 204 and 205 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1978, Public Law 95-105, 91 Stat. 844 [Aug. 17, 1977]; and (B) to the extent such functions are vested in the Director of the United States Information Agency, section 203 of the Act; (7) The Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and West Act of 1960 (22 U.S.C. 2054-2057); (8) Sections 101(a)(15)(J) and 212(e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(J), 1182(e)); (9) Section 2(a)(1) of Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953 (22 U.S.C. 1461 note); (10) Section 3(a) of the Arts and Artifacts Indemnity Act (20 U.S.C. 972(a)); (11) Section 7 of the Act of June 15, 1951, c. 138, 65 Stat. 71 (50 U.S.C. App. 2316); (12) Section 9(b) of the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 958(b)), to the extent that such functions are vested in the Secretary of State; (13) Section 112(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. [former] 1009(a)), to the extent such functions are vested in the Department of State; (14) Section 3(b)(1) of the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Act of 1968 (20 U.S.C. 80f(b)(1)); (15) Section 201 of Public Law 89-665, as amended by section 201(5) of Public Law 94-422 (16 U.S.C. 470i(a)(9)); (16) The third proviso in the twenty-third unnumbered paragraph of title V of Public Law 95-86 (headed "UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY, SALARIES AND EXPENSES"), 91 Stat. 440-41 [Aug. 2, 1977]; (17) The twentieth unnumbered paragraph of title I of Public Law 95-86 (headed "CENTER FOR CULTURAL AND TECHNICAL INTERCHANGE BETWEEN EAST AND WEST"), 91 Stat. 424; (18) Sections 4(d)(1)(F), 4(f)(1)(F), 4(g)(1)(F), and 4(h)(1)(F) of the Foreign Service Buildings Act, 1926, as amended (22 U.S.C. 295(d)(1)(F), 295(f)(1)(F), 295(g)(1)(F), and 295(h)(1)(F)); and (19) Sections 1, 2, and 3 of the Act of July 9, 1949, c. 301, 63 Stat. 408 (22 U.S.C. 2681-2683). (b) There are hereby transferred to the Director all functions vested in the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs pursuant to Section 2(a) of the John F. Kennedy Center Act (20 U.S.C. 76h(a)). (c) The Director shall insure that the scholarly integrity and nonpolitical character of educational and cultural exchange activities vested in the Director are maintained. SEC. 8. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED STATES ADVISORY COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION, CULTURAL, AND EDUCATIONAL AFFAIRS (a) There is hereby established an advisory commission, to be known as the United States Advisory Commission on International Communication, Cultural and Educational Affairs (the "Commission") [the United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy]. The Commission shall consist of seven members who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The members of the Commission shall represent the public interest and shall be selected from the cross section of educational, communications, cultural, scientific, technical, public service, labor and business and professional backgrounds. Not more than four members shall be from any one political party. The term of each member shall be three years except that of the original seven appointments, two shall be for a term of one year and two shall be for a term of two years. Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which a predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term. Upon the expiration of a member's term of office, such member may continue to serve until a successor is appointed and has qualified. The President shall designate a member to chair the Commission. (b) The functions now vested in the United States Advisory Commission on Information and in the United States Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs under sections 601 through 603 and 801(6) of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1466-1468, 1471(6)), and under sections 106(b) and 107 of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2456(b), 2457), respectively, are hereby consolidated and vested in the Commission, as follows: The Commission shall formulate and recommend to the Director, the Secretary of State, and the President policies and programs to carry out the functions vested in the Director or the Agency, and shall appraise the effectiveness of policies and programs of the Agency. The Commission shall submit to the Congress, the President, the Secretary of State and the Director annual reports on programs and activities carried on by the Agency, including appraisals, where feasible, as to the effectiveness of the several programs. The Commission shall also include in such reports such recommendations as shall have been made by the Commission to the Director for effectuating the purposes of the Agency, and the action taken to carry out such recommendations. The Commission may also submit such other reports to the Congress as it deems appropriate, and shall make reports to the public in the United States and abroad to develop a better understanding of and support for the programs conducted by the Agency. The Commission's reports to the Congress shall include assessments of the degree to which the scholarly integrity and nonpolitical character of the educational and cultural exchange activities vested in the Director have been maintained, and assessments of the attitudes of foreign scholars and governments regarding such activities. (c) The Commission shall have no authority with respect to the J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board or the United States National Commission for UNESCO. [As amended Pub. L. 101-246, title II, Sec. 204(c), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 50; Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, Sec. 1334(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-786; Pub. L. 106-113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title IV, Sec. 404(a), (c)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-446, 1501A-447; Pub. L. 107-77, title IV, Sec. 407(c), Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 790.] [Section 6553 of this title provided that the United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, established under section 8 of Reorganization Plan Numbered 2 of 1977, set out above, was to continue to exist and operate until Oct. 1, 2005.] [Any provisions of section 8 of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977 inconsistent with 22 U.S.C. 1469 to no longer have legal effect on Jan. 20, 1989, and prohibition limiting membership of individuals from same political party is repealed, see 22 U.S.C. 1469(d).] [United States Advisory Commission on International Communication, Cultural and Educational Affairs was redesignated the United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy by 22 U.S.C. 1469.] SEC. 9. ABOLITIONS AND SUPERSESSIONS (a) The following are hereby abolished: (1) The United States Information Agency, including the offices of Director, Deputy Director, Deputy Director (Policy and Plans) (5 U.S.C. 5316(67)), Associate Director (Policy and Plans) (5 U.S.C. 5316(103)), and additional offices created by section 1(d) of Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953 (22 U.S.C. 1461 note), of the United States Information Agency, provided that, pending the initial appointment of the Director, Deputy Director and Associate Directors of the Agency their functions shall be performed temporarily, but not for a period in excess of sixty (60) days, by such officers of the Department of State or of the United States Information Agency as the President shall designate; (2) One of the offices of Assistant Secretary of State provided for in section 1 of the Act of May 26, 1949, c. 143, 63 Stat. 111, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2652), and in section 5315(22) of title 5 of the United States Code; (3) The United States Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs (22 U.S.C. [former] 2456(b)); (4) The United States Advisory Commission on Information (22 U.S.C. [former] 1466-1468); (5) All functions vested in or related to the United States Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs and the United States Advisory Commission on Information that are not transferred to the Director by section 7 or consolidated in the Commission by section 8 of this Reorganization Plan; (6) The Advisory Committee on the Arts, all functions thereof, and all functions relating thereto (22 U.S.C. [former] 2456(c)); and (7) The functions vested in the Secretary of State by section 3(e) of the Act of August 1, 1956, c. 841, 70 Stat. 890 (22 U.S.C. [former] 2670(e)). (b) Sections 1, 2(a)(2), 2(b), 2(c)(3), 3, 4, and 5 of Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953 (22 U.S.C. 1461 note) are hereby superseded. SEC. 10. OTHER TRANSFERS So much of the personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations and other funds employed, used, held, available, or to be made available in connection with the functions transferred or consolidated by this Reorganization Plan, as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall determine, shall be transferred to the appropriate department, agency, or commission at such time or times as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall provide, except that no such unexpended balances transferred shall be used for purposes other than those for which the appropriation was originally made. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall provide for terminating the affairs of all agencies, commissions, and offices abolished herein and for such further measures and dispositions as such Director deems necessary to effectuate the purposes of this Reorganization Plan. SEC. 11. EFFECTIVE DATE This Reorganization Plan shall become effective at such time or times, on or before July 1, 1978, as the President shall specify, but not sooner than the earliest time allowable under section 906 of title 5 of the United States Code. [Amendment to Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977 [set out above] by Pub. L. 105-277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105-277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.] [Pursuant to Ex. Ord. No. 12048, set out below, this Reorg. Plan is effective July 1, 1978.] MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT To the Congress of the United States: I transmit herewith Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977 to consolidate certain international communication, educational and cultural, and broadcasting activities of the United States Government. I am acting under the authority vested in me by the Reorganization Act, chapter 9 of title 5 of the United States Code. I am also acting pursuant to section 501 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1978 (Public Law 95-105), which provides that my recommendations for reorganizing these activities be transmitted by October 31, 1977. This reorganization will consolidate into a new agency, to be known as the Agency for International Communication, the functions now exercised by the State Department's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs and the United States Information Agency. The principal aspects of this proposal are: - The new agency will take over USIA's international communications programs (including the Voice of America) and the international educational and cultural exchange activities now conducted by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. - The agency's Director will be the principal advisor on international information and exchange activities to the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of State. Under the direction of the Secretary of State, the Director will have primary responsibility within the Government for the conduct of such activities. The Director, the Deputy Director and the Associate Directors of the new agency will be confirmed by the Senate. - The two commissions that now advise USIA and the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs will be combined into a single seven-member commission. Members of this nonpartisan commission will be chosen from fields related to the agency's mission. The commissioners will be appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The purpose of this reorganization is to broaden our informational, educational and cultural intercourse with the world, since this is the major means by which our government can inform others about our country, and inform ourselves about the rest of the world. The new Agency for International Communication will play a central role in building these two-way bridges of understanding between our people and the other peoples of the world. Only by knowing and understanding each other's experiences can we find common ground on which we can examine and resolve our differences. The new agency will have two distinct but related goals: To tell the world about our society and policies - in particular our commitment to cultural diversity and individual liberty. To tell ourselves about the world, so as to enrich our own culture as well as to give us the understanding to deal effectively with problems among nations. As the world becomes more and more interdependent, such mutual understanding becomes increasingly vital. The aim of this reorganization, therefore, is a more effective dialogue among peoples of the earth. Americans - mostly immigrants or the descendants of immigrants - are particularly well suited to enter into such an undertaking. We have already learned much from those who have brought differing values, perspectives and experiences to our shores. And we must continue to learn. Thus the new agency will lay heavy emphasis on listening to others, so as to learn something of their motivations and aspirations, their histories and cultures. Several principles guided me in shaping this reorganization plan. Among the most important were: - Maintaining the integrity of the educational and cultural exchange programs is imperative. To this end, the plan retains the Board of Foreign Scholarships, whose strong leadership has done so much to insure the high quality of the educational exchange program. In addition, I intend to nominate an Associate Director who will be responsible for the administration and supervision of educational and cultural functions consolidated in the new Agency. The responsibilities presently exercised by the Department of State in relation to the Center for Technical and Cultural Interchange Between East and West, Inc., will be transferred to the new agency without alteration. - Keeping the Voice of America's news gathering and reporting functions independent and objective. The Voice's charter, enacted into law in 1976, provides that "VOA news will be accurate, objective, and comprehensive"; that VOA will "present a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions"; and that VOA will present U.S. policies "clearly and effectively, and will also present responsible discussion and opinion on these policies." Under this Administration, VOA will be solely responsible for the content of news broadcasts - for there is no more valued coin than candor in the international marketplace of ideas. I also plan to nominate an Associate Director who will be responsible for the administration and supervision of the Voice of America. - The new agency's activities must be straightforward, open, candid, balanced, and representative. They will not be given over to the advancement of the views of any one group, any one party or any one Administration. The agency must not operate in a covert, manipulative, or propagandistic way. - Rights of U.S. Information Agency and State Department employees must be respected. In the new agency, their career achievements will be recognized and the best possible use made of their professional skills and abilities. The Director of the new agency will assess and advise on the impact on worldwide public opinion of American foreign policy decisions. The Agency will coordinate the international information, educational, cultural and exchange programs conducted by the U.S. Government and will be a governmental focal point for private U.S. international exchange programs. It will also play a leading role within the U.S. Government in our efforts to remove barriers to the international exchange of ideas and information. It is not practicable to specify all of the expenditure reductions and other economies that will result from the proposed reorganization, and therefore I do not do so. The reorganization will result in greater efficiency by unifying in Washington the management of programs which are already administered in a consolidated manner in the field. For example, field officers will no longer report to two separate sets of supervisors and headquarters at home. This plan abolishes the functions of the Advisory Committee on the Arts authorized by section 106(c) of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2456(c)). Also abolished, as a result of the consolidation of certain functions of the United States Advisory Commission on Information and the United States Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs in the United States Advisory Commission on International Communication, Cultural and Educational Affairs, are the functions authorized by section 603 of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1468) (requiring submission by the United States Advisory Commission on Information of a quarterly report to the Director of USIA and a semiannual report to the Congress). The new commission will report annually and at such other times as it deems appropriate (as does the existing Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs). Since appointments of all members of the new commission will be on a nonpartisan basis, as has been the case with the Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs, the requirement of section 602(a) of the U.S. Information and Educational Exchange Act (22 U.S.C. 1467(a)) that not more than three members of the Advisory Commission on Information shall be of the same political party is abolished. Various obsolete or superseded functions under Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953 (22 U.S.C. 1461 note), which created the USIA, are superseded by this plan. Finally, the Plan abolishes a provision authorizing the Secretary of State to pay the expenses of transporting the bodies of participants in exchange programs who die away from home, since State no longer will conduct such programs (22 U.S.C. 2670(e)). All functions abolished by the reorganization are done so in compliance with section 903(b) of title 5 of the United States Code. After investigation, I have found that this reorganization is necessary to carry out the policy set forth in section 901(a) of title 5 of the United States Code. The provisions in this Plan for the appointment and pay of the Director, Deputy Director, and Associate Directors of the Agency have been found by me to be necessary by reason of the reorganization made by the plan and are at a rate applicable to comparable officers in the executive branch. In presenting this plan, I ask the support of Congress to strengthen and simplify the machinery by which we carry out these important functions of the United States Government. Such action will make us better able to project the great variety and vitality of American life to those abroad, and to enrich our own lives with a fuller knowledge of the vitality and variety of other societies. The new Agency for International Communication will help us demonstrate "a decent respect for the opinions of mankind," and to deal intelligently with a world awakening to a new spirit of freedom. Jimmy Carter. The White House, October 11, 1977. -EXEC- EX. ORD. NO. 12048. INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION AGENCY Ex. Ord. No. 12048, Mar. 27, 1978, 43 F.R. 13361, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12388, Oct. 14, 1982, 47 F.R. 46245; Ex. Ord. No. 12608, Sept. 9, 1987, 52 F.R. 34617, provided: By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including Section 11 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977 (42 FR 62461 (December 13, 1977)) [set out above], Section 202 of the Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950 (31 U.S.C. 581c) [31 U.S.C. 1531], and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States of America, in order to provide for the establishment of the International Communication Agency, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. (a) Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977 (42 FR 62461), which establishes the International Communication Agency, except for Section 7(a)(14) thereof, is hereby effective. (b) Section 7(a)(14) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977, relating to the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Act of 1968 [20 U.S.C. 80e et seq.], shall be effective on July 1, 1978. Sec. 2. The functions vested in the Secretary of State by Executive Order No. 11312 are assigned and redelegated to the Director of the International Communication Agency. All authority vested in the United States Information Agency or its Director by Executive order is reassigned and redelegated to the International Communication Agency or its Director, respectively. Sec. 3. In order to ensure appropriate coordination among the Executive agencies, the Director of the International Communication Agency shall exercise primary responsibility for Government-wide policy guidance for international informational, educational, and cultural activities, including exchange programs. The Director shall take into account the statutory functions of the other concerned Executive agencies. Sec. 4. The Director of the International Communication Agency, with the assistance of the Secretary of Education, shall prepare and submit to the President the reports which the President is to transmit to the Congress pursuant to Section 108(b) of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2458). Sec. 5. The functions vested in the President by Sections 108(c) and 108(d) of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, as amended [22 U.S.C. 2458(c) and (d)], are delegated to the Director of the International Communication Agency; because, (a) such a delegation is in the interest of the purposes expressed in that Act and the efficient administration of the programs undertaken pursuant thereto, (b) the Director is an appropriate official to perform those functions, and (c) those functions are not now delegated to any other officer of the Government. Sec. 6. The Director of the International Communication Agency shall be the principal adviser to the President, the National Security Council, and the Secretary of State on international informational, educational, and cultural matters. As such, the Director shall provide advice within the policy formulation activities of the National Security Council when such matters are considered. The Director shall ensure that the senior official of the Agency at each diplomatic mission provides advice to the Chief of Mission on such matters. The scope of the Director's advice shall include assessments of the impact of actual and proposed United States foreign policy decisions on public opinion abroad. Sec. 7. The records, property, personnel, and unexpended balances of appropriations, available or to be made available, which relate to the functions transferred or reassigned, or redelegated as provided in this Order, are hereby transferred to the Director of the International Communication Agency. Sec. 8. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall make such determinations, issue such orders, and take all actions, necessary or appropriate to effectuate the transfers or reassignments provided in this Order, including the transfer of funds, records, property, and personnel. Sec. 9. This Order shall be effective on April 1, 1978. Sec. 10. In accord with the name change provisions of Section 303 of Public Law 97-241 [set out as a note above] and effective on August 24, 1982, references in this Order to the International Communication Agency shall be deemed to be references to the United States Information Agency. [For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title.] -FOOTNOTE- (!1) Actually transmitted Oct. 12, 1977. (!2) As amended Nov. 1, 1977, and Nov. 3, 1977. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1461-1 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 1461-1. Mission of United States Information Agency -STATUTE- The mission of the United States Information Agency shall be to further the national interest by improving United States relations with other countries and peoples through the broadest possible sharing of ideas, information, and educational and cultural activities. In carrying out this mission, the United States Information Agency shall, among other activities - (1) conduct Government-sponsored information, educational, and cultural activities designed - (A) to provide other peoples with a better understanding of the policies, values, institutions, and culture of the United States; and (B) within the statutory limits governing domestic activities of the Agency, to enhance understanding on the part of the Government and people of the United States of the history, culture, attitudes, perceptions, and aspirations of others; (2) encourage private institutions in the United States to develop their own exchange activities, and provide assistance for those exchange activities which are in the broadest national interest; (3) coordinate international informational, educational, or cultural activities conducted or planned by departments and agencies of the United States Government; (4) assist in the development of a comprehensive national policy on international communications; and (5) promote United States participation in international events relevant to the mission of the Agency. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 95-426, title II, Sec. 202, Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 972; Pub. L. 97-241, title III, Sec. 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291.) -COD- CODIFICATION Section was enacted as part of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1979, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS "United States Information Agency" substituted in text for "International Communication Agency" pursuant to section 303(b) of Pub. L. 97-241, set out as a note under section 1461 of this title. United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. -MISC1- INCREASE IN FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF AGENCY FOR EXCHANGE-OF-PERSONS ACTIVITIES Section 203 of Pub. L. 95-426, as amended by Pub. L. 97-241, title III, Sec. 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, provided that: "The President shall, by a process of gradual expansion during the four-year period beginning October 1, 1979, increase significantly the financial resources expended annually by the United States Information Agency for exchange-of-persons activities. The President shall prepare at an early date a general plan for the accomplishment of this goal and shall adjust that plan annually, as he finds appropriate, in consultation with the Congress." -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1461-1a 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 1461-1a. Ban on domestic activities by United States Information Agency -STATUTE- Except as provided in section 1461 of this title and this section, no funds authorized to be appropriated to the United States Information Agency shall be used to influence public opinion in the United States, and no program material prepared by the United States Information Agency shall be distributed within the United States. This section shall not apply to programs carried out pursuant to the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.). The provisions of this section shall not prohibit the United States Information Agency from responding to inquiries from members of the public about its operations, policies, or programs. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 99-93, title II, Sec. 208, Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 431; Pub. L. 103-236, title II, Sec. 232, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 424.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT The Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 87-256, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 527, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 33 (Sec. 2451 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2451 of this title and Tables. -COD- CODIFICATION Section was enacted as part of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1994 - Pub. L. 103-236 inserted at end "The provisions of this section shall not prohibit the United States Information Agency from responding to inquiries from members of the public about its operations, policies, or programs." -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1461a 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 1461a. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Section, act Aug. 31, 1960, Pub. L. 86-678, title IV, 74 Stat. 569, which related to exchange of funds in connection with establishments abroad, was from the Departments of State and Justice, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1961, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: July 13, 1959, Pub. L. 86-84, title IV, 73 Stat. 194. June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85-474, title IV, 72 Stat. 257. June 11, 1957, Pub. L. 85-49, title IV, 71 Stat. 68. June 20, 1956, ch. 414, title IV, 70 Stat. 312. July 7, 1955, ch. 279, title IV, 69 Stat. 279. July 2, 1954, ch. 456, title IV, 68 Stat. 432. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1461b 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 1461b. Indemnification of owners of short-wave radio facilities against loss or damage -STATUTE- Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 1341, 1342, 1349 to 1351 and subchapter II of chapter 15 of title 31, the United States Information Agency is authorized, in making contracts for the use of international shortwave radio stations and facilities, to agree on behalf of the United States to indemnify the owners and operators of said radio stations and facilities from such funds as may be hereafter appropriated for the purpose against loss or damage on account of injury to persons or property arising from such use of said radio stations and facilities. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 95-431, title V, Sec. 501, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1041; Pub. L. 97-241, title III, Sec. 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291.) -COD- CODIFICATION "Sections 1341, 1342, and 1349 to 1351 and subchapter II of chapter 15 of title 31" substituted in text for "section 3679 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (31 U.S.C. 665)" on authority of Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance. Section was enacted as part of appropriation act, cited as the credit to this section, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter. -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Aug. 2, 1977, Pub. L. 95-86, title V, 91 Stat. 441. July 14, 1976, Pub. L. 94-362, title V, 90 Stat. 960. Oct. 21, 1975, Pub. L. 94-121, title V, 89 Stat. 639. Oct. 5, 1974, Pub. L. 93-433, title V, 88 Stat. 1207. Nov. 27, 1973, Pub. L. 93-162, title V, 87 Stat. 657. Oct. 25, 1972, Pub. L. 92-544, title V, 86 Stat. 1132. Aug. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92-77, title V, 85 Stat. 269. Oct. 21, 1970, Pub. L. 91-472, title V, 84 Stat. 1062. Dec. 24, 1969, Pub. L. 91-153, title V, 83 Stat. 425. Aug. 9, 1968, Pub. L. 90-470, title V, 82 Stat. 690. Nov. 8, 1967, Pub. L. 90-133, title V, 81 Stat. 433. Nov. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89-797, title V, 80 Stat. 1504. Sept. 2, 1965, Pub. L. 89-164, title V, 79 Stat. 643. Aug. 31, 1964, Pub. L. 88-527, title V, 78 Stat. 734. Dec. 30, 1963, Pub. L. 88-245, title V, 77 Stat. 800. Oct. 18, 1962, Pub. L. 87-843, title V, 76 Stat. 1104. Sept. 21, 1961, Pub. L. 87-264, title IV, 75 Stat. 557. Aug. 31, 1960, Pub. L. 86-678, title IV, 74 Stat. 569. July 13, 1959, Pub. L. 86-84, title IV, 73 Stat. 194. June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85-474, title IV, 72 Stat. 257. June 11, 1957, Pub. L. 85-49, title IV, 71 Stat. 67. June 20, 1956, ch. 414, title IV, 70 Stat. 312. July 7, 1955, ch. 279, title IV, 69 Stat. 279. July 2, 1954, ch. 456, title IV, 68 Stat. 432. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS "United States Information Agency" substituted in text for "International Communication Agency" pursuant to section 303(b) of Pub. L. 97-241, set out as a note under section 1461 of this title. United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1461c 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 1461c. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Section, Pub. L. 90-470, title V, Aug. 9, 1968, 82 Stat. 690, which related to a one year extension to existing appointments and assignments to the Foreign Service Reserve for foreign information and educational activities which would otherwise have expired, was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Nov. 8, 1967, Pub. L. 90-133, title V, 81 Stat. 433. Nov. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89-797, title V, 80 Stat. 1504, 1505. Sept. 2, 1965, Pub. L. 89-164, title V, 79 Stat. 643. Aug. 31, 1964, Pub. L. 88-527, title V, 78 Stat. 734. Dec. 30, 1963, Pub. L. 88-245, title V, 77 Stat. 800. Oct. 18, 1962, Pub. L. 87-843, title V, 76 Stat. 1104. Sept. 21, 1961, Pub. L. 87-264, title IV, 75 Stat. 558. Aug. 31, 1960, Pub. L. 86-678, title IV, 74 Stat. 569. July 13, 1959, Pub. L. 86-84, title IV, 73 Stat. 194. June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85-474, title IV, 72 Stat. 258. June 11, 1957, Pub. L. 85-49, title IV, 71 Stat. 68. June 20, 1956, ch. 414, title IV, 70 Stat. 312. July 7, 1955, ch. 279, title IV, 69 Stat. 279. July 2, 1954, ch. 456, title IV, 68 Stat. 432. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1462 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 1462. Policies governing information activities -STATUTE- In authorizing international information activities under this chapter, it is the sense of the Congress (1) that the Secretary shall reduce such Government information activities whenever corresponding private information dissemination is found to be adequate; (2) that nothing in this chapter shall be construed to give the Department a monopoly in the production or sponsorship on the air of short-wave broadcasting programs, or a monopoly in any other medium of information. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, Sec. 502, 62 Stat. 10.) -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1463 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 1463. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 1463. Repealed. Pub. L. 103-236, title III, Sec. 315(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 445. Section, act Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, Sec. 503, as added July 12, 1976, Pub. L. 94-350, title II, Sec. 206, 90 Stat. 831; amended 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, Secs. 5, 7(a)(1), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1636, 1637; Aug. 24, 1982, Pub. L. 97-241, title III, Sec. 303(b), 96 Stat. 291, related to principles governing communications of Voice of America broadcasts. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1464 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 1464. Voice of America/Europe -STATUTE- As part of its duties and programs under this subchapter, Voice of America/Europe shall - (1) target news and features in accordance with the findings and recommendations of the Young European Survey; (2) conduct periodic audience evaluations and measurements; and (3) promote and advertise Voice of America/Europe. -SOURCE- (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, Sec. 504, as added Pub. L. 100- 204, title IV, Sec. 402, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1381.) -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 1464a 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 18 - UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS SUBCHAPTER V - DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 1464a. Broadcasting Board of Governors satellite and television -STATUTE- (a) In general The Broadcasting Board of Governors is authorized to lease or otherwise acqui