-CITE- 33 USC CHAPTER 26 - WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL 01/02/2006 -EXPCITE- TITLE 33 - NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS CHAPTER 26 - WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL -HEAD- CHAPTER 26 - WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL -MISC1- SUBCHAPTER I - RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS Sec. 1251. Congressional declaration of goals and policy. (a) Restoration and maintenance of chemical, physical and biological integrity of Nation's waters; national goals for achievement of objective. (b) Congressional recognition, preservation, and protection of primary responsibilities and rights of States. (c) Congressional policy toward Presidential activities with foreign countries. (d) Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency to administer chapter. (e) Public participation in development, revision, and enforcement of any regulation, etc. (f) Procedures utilized for implementing chapter. (g) Authority of States over water. 1252. Comprehensive programs for water pollution control. (a) Preparation and development. (b) Planning for reservoirs; storage for regulation of streamflow. (c) Basins; grants to State agencies. 1252a. Reservoir projects, water storage; modification; storage for other than for water quality, opinion of Federal agency, committee resolutions of approval; provisions inapplicable to projects with certain prescribed water quality benefits in relation to total project benefits. 1253. Interstate cooperation and uniform laws. 1254. Research, investigations, training, and information. (a) Establishment of national programs; cooperation; investigations; water quality surveillance system; reports. (b) Authorized activities of Administrator. (c) Research and studies on harmful effects of pollutants; cooperation with Secretary of Health and Human Services. (d) Sewage treatment; identification and measurement of effects of pollutants; augmented streamflow. (e) Field laboratory and research facilities. (f) Great Lakes water quality research. (g) Treatment works pilot training programs; employment needs forecasting; training projects and grants; research fellowships; technical training; report to the President and transmittal to Congress. (h) Lake pollution. (i) Oil pollution control studies. (j) Solid waste disposal equipment for vessels. (k) Land acquisition. (l) Collection and dissemination of scientific knowledge on effects and control of pesticides in water. (m) Waste oil disposal study. (n) Comprehensive studies of effects of pollution on estuaries and estuarine zones. (o) Methods of reducing total flow of sewage and unnecessary water consumption; reports. (p) Agricultural pollution. (q) Sewage in rural areas; national clearinghouse for alternative treatment information; clearinghouse on small flows. (r) Research grants to colleges and universities. (s) River Study Centers. (t) Thermal discharges. (u) Authorization of appropriations. (v) Studies concerning pathogen indicators in coastal recreation waters. 1254a. Research on effects of pollutants. 1255. Grants for research and development. (a) Demonstration projects covering storm waters, advanced waste treatment and water purification methods, and joint treatment systems for municipal and industrial wastes. (b) Demonstration projects for advanced treatment and environmental enhancement techniques to control pollution in river basins. (c) Research and demonstration projects for prevention of water pollution by industry. (d) Accelerated and priority development of waste management and waste treatment methods and identification and measurement methods. (e) Research and demonstration projects covering agricultural pollution and pollution from sewage in rural areas; dissemination of information. (f) Limitations. (g) Maximum grants. (h) Authorization of appropriations. (i) Assistance for research and demonstration projects. (j) Assistance for recycle, reuse, and land treatment projects. 1256. Grants for pollution control programs. (a) Authorization of appropriations for State and interstate programs. (b) Allotments. (c) Maximum annual payments. (d) Limitations. (e) Grants prohibited to States not establishing water quality monitoring procedures or adequate emergency and contingency plans. (f) Conditions. (g) Reallotment of unpaid allotments. 1257. Mine water pollution control demonstrations. (a) Comprehensive approaches to elimination or control of mine water pollution. (b) Consistency of projects with objectives of subtitle IV of title 40. (c) Watershed selection. (d) Conditions upon Federal participation. (e) Authorization of appropriations. 1257a. State demonstration programs for cleanup of abandoned mines for use as waste disposal sites; authorization of appropriations. 1258. Pollution control in the Great Lakes. (a) Demonstration projects. (b) Conditions of Federal participation. (c) Authorization of appropriations. (d) Lake Erie demonstration program. (e) Authorization of appropriations for Lake Erie demonstration program. 1259. Training grants and contracts. 1260. Applications; allocation. 1261. Scholarships. 1262. Definitions and authorizations. 1263. Alaska village demonstration projects. (a) Central community facilities for safe water; elimination or control of pollution. (b) Utilization of personnel and facilities of Department of Health and Human Services. (c) Omitted. (d) Authorization of appropriations. (e) Study to develop comprehensive program for achieving sanitation services; report to Congress. (f) Technical, financial, and management assistance. (g) "Village" and "sanitation services" defined. 1263a. Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages. (a) In general. (b) Federal share. (c) Administrative expenses. (d) Consultation with State of Alaska. (e) Authorization of appropriations. 1264. Omitted. 1265. In-place toxic pollutants. 1266. Hudson River reclamation demonstration project. 1267. Chesapeake Bay. (a) Definitions. (b) Continuation of Chesapeake Bay Program. (c) Interagency agreements. (d) Technical assistance and assistance grants. (e) Implementation and monitoring grants. (f) Federal facilities and budget coordination. (g) Chesapeake Bay Program. (h) Study of Chesapeake Bay Program. (i) Special study of living resource response. (j) Authorization of appropriations. 1268. Great Lakes. (a) Findings, purpose, and definitions. (b) Great Lakes National Program Office. (c) Great Lakes management. (d) Great Lakes research. (e) Research and management coordination. (f) Interagency cooperation. (g) Relationship to existing Federal and State laws and international treaties. (h) Authorizations of Great Lakes appropriations. 1269. Long Island Sound. (a) Office of Management Conference of the Long Island Sound Study. (b) Administration and staffing of Office. (c) Duties of Office. (d) Grants. (e) Assistance to distressed communities. (f) Authorizations. 1270. Lake Champlain Basin Program. (a) Establishment. (b) Membership. (c) Technical Advisory Committee. (d) Research program. (e) Pollution prevention, control, and restoration plan. (f) Grant assistance. (g) Definitions. (h) No effect on certain authority. (i) Authorization. 1271. Sediment survey and monitoring. (a) Survey. (b) Monitoring. 1271a. Research and development program. (a) In general. (b) Authorization of appropriations. 1272. Environmental dredging. (a) Operation and maintenance of navigation projects. (b) Nonproject specific. (c) Joint plan requirement. (d) Disposal costs. (e) Limitation on statutory construction. (f) Priority work. (g) Nonprofit entities. 1273. Lake Pontchartrain Basin. (a) Establishment of restoration program. (b) Purpose. (c) Duties. (d) Grants. (e) Definitions. (f) Authorization of appropriations. 1274. Wet weather watershed pilot projects. (a) In general. (b) Administration. (c) Funding. (d) Report to Congress. SUBCHAPTER II - GRANTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TREATMENT WORKS 1281. Congressional declaration of purpose. (a) Development and implementation of waste treatment management plans and practices. (b) Application of technology: confined disposal of pollutants; consideration of advanced techniques. (c) Waste treatment management area and scope. (d) Waste treatment management construction of revenue producing facilities. (e) Waste treatment management integration of facilities. (f) Waste treatment management "open space" and recreational considerations. (g) Grants to construct publicly owned treatment works. (h) Grants to construct privately owned treatment works. (i) Waste treatment management methods, processes, and techniques to reduce energy requirements. (j) Grants for treatment works utilizing processes and techniques of guidelines under section 1314(d)(3) of this title. (k) Limitation on use of grants for publicly owned treatment works. (l) Grants for facility plans, or plans, specifications, and estimates for proposed project for construction of treatment works; limitations, allotments, advances, etc. (m) Grants for State of California projects. (n) Water quality problems; funds, scope, etc. (o) Capital financing plan. (p) Time limit on resolving certain disputes. 1281a. Total treatment system funding. 1281b. Availability of Farmers Home Administration funds for non-Federal share. 1282. Federal share. (a) Amount of grants for treatment works. (b) Amount of grants for construction of treatment works not commenced prior to July 1, 1971. (c) Availability of sums allotted to Puerto Rico. 1283. Plans, specifications, estimates, and payments. (a) Submission; contractual nature of approval by Administrator; agreement on eligible costs; single grant. (b) Periodic payments. (c) Final payments. (d) Projects eligible. (e) Technical and legal assistance in administration and enforcement of contracts; intervention in civil actions. (f) Design/build projects. 1284. Limitations and conditions. (a) Determinations by Administrator. (b) Additional determinations; issuance of guidelines; approval by Administrator; system of charges. (c) Applicability of reserve capacity restrictions to primary, secondary, or advanced waste treatment facilities or related interceptors. (d) Engineering requirements; certification by owner and operator; contractual assurances, etc. 1285. Allotment of grant funds. (a) Funds for fiscal years during period June 30, 1972, and September 30, 1977; determination of amount. (b) Availability and use of funds allotted for fiscal years during period June 30, 1972, and September 30, 1977; reallotment. (c) Funds for fiscal years during period October 1, 1977, and September 30, 1981; funds for fiscal years 1982 to 1990; determination of amount. (d) Availability and use of funds; reallotment. (e) Minimum allotment; additional appropriations; ratio of amount available. (f) Omitted. (g) Reservation of funds; State management assistance. (h) Alternate systems for small communities. (i) Set-aside for innovative and alternative projects. (j) Water quality management plan; reservation of funds for nonpoint source management. (k) New York City Convention Center. (l) Marine estuary reservation. (m) Discretionary deposits into State water pollution control revolving funds. 1286. Reimbursement and advanced construction. (a) Publicly owned treatment works construction initiated after June 30, 1966, but before July 1, 1973; reimbursement formula. (b) Publicly owned treatment works construction initiated between June 30, 1956, and June 30, 1966; reimbursement formula. (c) Application for reimbursement. (d) Allocation of funds. (e) Authorization of appropriations. (f) Additional funds. 1287. Authorization of appropriations. 1288. Areawide waste treatment management. (a) Identification and designation of areas having substantial water quality control problems. (b) Planning process. (c) Regional operating agencies. (d) Conformity of works with area plan. (e) Permits not to conflict with approved plans. (f) Grants. (g) Technical assistance by Administrator. (h) Technical assistance by Secretary of the Army. (i) State best management practices program. (j) Agricultural cost sharing. 1289. Basin planning. (a) Preparation of Level B plans. (b) Reporting requirements. (c) Authorization of appropriations. 1290. Annual survey. 1291. Sewage collection systems. (a) Existing and new systems. (b) Use of population density as test. (c) Pollutant discharges from separate storm sewer systems. 1292. Definitions. 1293. Loan guarantees. (a) State or local obligations issued exclusively to Federal Financing Bank for publicly owned treatment works; determination of eligibility of project by Administrator. (b) Conditions for issuance. (c) Fees for application investigation and issuance of commitment guarantee. (d) Commitment for repayment. 1293a. Contained spoil disposal facilities. (a) Construction, operation, and maintenance; period; conditions; requirements. (b) Time for establishment; consideration of area needs; requirements. (c) Written agreement requirement; terms of agreement. (d) Waiver of construction costs contribution from non-Federal interests; findings of participation in waste treatment facilities for general geographical area and compliance with water quality standards; waiver of payments in event of written agreement before occurrence of findings. (e) Federal payment of costs for disposal of dredged spoil from project. (f) Title to lands, easements, and rights-of-way; retention by non-Federal interests; conveyance of facilities; agreement of transferee. (g) Federal licenses or permits; charges; remission of charge. (h) Provisions applicable to Great Lakes and their connecting channels. (i) Research, study, and experimentation program relating to dredged spoil extended to navigable waters, etc.; cooperative program; scope of program; utilization of facilities and personnel of Federal agency. (j) Period for depositing dredged materials. (k) Study and monitoring program. 1294. Public information and education on recycling and reuse of wastewater, use of land treatment, and reduction of wastewater volume. 1295. Requirements for American materials. 1296. Determination of priority of projects. 1297. Guidelines for cost-effectiveness analysis. 1298. Cost effectiveness. (a) Congressional statement of policy. (b) Determination by Administrator as prerequisite to approval of grant. (c) Value engineering review. (d) Projects affected. 1299. State certification of projects. 1300. Pilot program for alternative water source projects. (a) Policy. (b) In general. (c) Eligible entity. (d) Selection of projects. (e) Committee resolution procedure. (f) Uses of grants. (g) Cost sharing. (h) Reports. (i) Definitions. (j) Authorization of appropriations. 1301. Sewer overflow control grants. (a) In general. (b) Prioritization. (c) Financially distressed community. (d) Cost-sharing. (e) Administrative reporting requirements. (f) Authorization of appropriations. (g) Allocation of funds. (h) Administrative expenses. (i) Reports. SUBCHAPTER III - STANDARDS AND ENFORCEMENT 1311. Effluent limitations. (a) Illegality of pollutant discharges except in compliance with law. (b) Timetable for achievement of objectives. (c) Modification of timetable. (d) Review and revision of effluent limitations. (e) All point discharge source application of effluent limitations. (f) Illegality of discharge of radiological, chemical, or biological warfare agents, high-level radioactive waste, or medical waste. (g) Modifications for certain nonconventional pollutants. (h) Modification of secondary treatment requirements. (i) Municipal time extensions. (j) Modification procedures. (k) Innovative technology. (l) Toxic pollutants. (m) Modification of effluent limitation requirements for point sources. (n) Fundamentally different factors. (o) Application fees. (p) Modified permit for coal remining operations. 1312. Water quality related effluent limitations. (a) Establishment. (b) Modifications of effluent limitations. (c) Delay in application of other limitations. 1313. Water quality standards and implementation plans. (a) Existing water quality standards. (b) Proposed regulations. (c) Review; revised standards; publication. (d) Identification of areas with insufficient controls; maximum daily load; certain effluent limitations revision. (e) Continuing planning process. (f) Earlier compliance. (g) Heat standards. (h) Thermal water quality standards. (i) Coastal recreation water quality criteria. 1313a. Revised water quality standards. 1314. Information and guidelines (a) Criteria development and publication. (b) Effluent limitation guidelines. (c) Pollution discharge elimination procedures. (d) Secondary treatment information; alternative waste treatment management techniques; innovative and alternative wastewater treatment processes; facilities deemed equivalent of secondary treatment. (e) Best management practices for industry. (f) Identification and evaluation of nonpoint sources of pollution; processes, procedures, and methods to control pollution. (g) Guidelines for pretreatment of pollutants. (h) Test procedures guidelines. (i) Guidelines for monitoring, reporting, enforcement, funding, personnel, and manpower. (j) Lake restoration guidance manual. (k) Agreements with Secretaries of Agriculture, Army, and the Interior to provide maximum utilization of programs to achieve and maintain water quality; transfer of funds; authorization of appropriations. (l) Individual control strategies for toxic pollutants. (m) Schedule for review of guidelines. 1315. State reports on water quality. 1316. National standards of performance. (a) Definitions. (b) Categories of sources; Federal standards of performance for new sources. (c) State enforcement of standards of performance. (d) Protection from more stringent standards. (e) Illegality of operation of new sources in violation of applicable standards of performance. 1317. Toxic and pretreatment effluent standards. (a) Toxic pollutant list; revision; hearing; promulgation of standards; effective date; consultation. (b) Pretreatment standards; hearing; promulgation; compliance period; revision; application to State and local laws. (c) New sources of pollutants into publicly owned treatment works. (d) Operation in violation of standards unlawful. (e) Compliance date extension for innovative pretreatment systems. 1318. Records and reports; inspections. (a) Maintenance; monitoring equipment; entry; access to information. (b) Availability to public; trade secrets exception; penalty for disclosure of confidential information. (c) Application of State law. (d) Access by Congress. 1319. Enforcement. (a) State enforcement; compliance orders. (b) Civil actions. (c) Criminal penalties. (d) Civil penalties; factors considered in determining amount. (e) State liability for judgments and expenses. (f) Wrongful introduction of pollutant into treatment works. (g) Administrative penalties. 1320. International pollution abatement. (a) Hearing; participation by foreign nations. (b) Functions and responsibilities of Administrator not affected. (c) Hearing board; composition; findings of fact; recommendations; implementation of board's decision. (d) Report by alleged polluter. (e) Compensation of board members. (f) Enforcement proceedings. 1321. Oil and hazardous substance liability. (a) Definitions. (b) Congressional declaration of policy against discharges of oil or hazardous substances; designation of hazardous substances; study of higher standard of care incentives and report to Congress; liability; penalties; civil actions: penalty limitations, separate offenses, jurisdiction, mitigation of damages and costs, recovery of removal costs, alternative remedies, and withholding clearance of vessels. (c) Federal removal authority. (d) National Contingency Plan. (e) Civil enforcement. (f) Liability for actual costs of removal. (g) Third party liability. (h) Rights against third parties who caused or contributed to discharge. (i) Recovery of removal costs. (j) National Response System. (k) Repealed. (l) Administration. (m) Administrative provisions. (n) Jurisdiction. (o) Obligation for damages unaffected; local authority not preempted; existing Federal authority not modified or affected. (p) Repealed. (q) Establishment of maximum limit of liability with respect to onshore or offshore facilities. (r) Liability limitations not to limit liability under other legislation. (s) Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund. 1322. Marine sanitation devices. (a) Definitions. (b) Federal standards of performance. (c) Initial standards; effective dates; revision; waiver. (d) Vessels owned and operated by the United States. (e) Pre-promulgation consultation. (f) Regulation by States or political subdivisions thereof; complete prohibition upon discharge of sewage. (g) Sales limited to certified devices; certification of test device; recordkeeping; reports. (h) Sale and resale of properly equipped vessels; operability of certified marine sanitation devices. (i) Jurisdiction to restrain violations; contempts. (j) Penalties. (k) Enforcement authority. (l) Boarding and inspection of vessels; execution of warrants and other process. (m) Enforcement in United States possessions. (n) Uniform national discharge standards for vessels of Armed Forces. 1323. Federal facilities pollution control. 1324. Clean lakes. (a) Establishment and scope of program. (b) Financial assistance to States. (c) Maximum amount of grant; authorization of appropriations. (d) Demonstration program. 1325. National Study Commission. (a) Establishment. (b) Membership; chairman. (c) Contract authority. (d) Cooperation of departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of executive branch. (e) Report to Congress. (f) Compensation and allowances. (g) Appointment of personnel. (h) Authorization of appropriation. 1326. Thermal discharges. (a) Effluent limitations that will assure protection and propagation of balanced, indigenous population of shellfish, fish, and wildlife. (b) Cooling water intake structures. (c) Period of protection from more stringent effluent limitations following discharge point source modification commenced after October 18, 1972. 1327. Omitted. 1328. Aquaculture. (a) Authority to permit discharge of specific pollutants. (b) Procedures and guidelines. (c) State administration. 1329. Nonpoint source management programs. (a) State assessment reports. (b) State management programs. (c) Administrative provisions. (d) Approval or disapproval of reports and management programs. (e) Local management programs; technical assistance. (f) Technical assistance for States. (g) Interstate management conference. (h) Grant program. (i) Grants for protecting groundwater quality. (j) Authorization of appropriations. (k) Consistency of other programs and projects with management programs. (l) Collection of information. (m) Reports of Administrator. (n) Set aside for administrative personnel. 1330. National estuary program. (a) Management conference. (b) Purposes of conference. (c) Members of conference. (d) Utilization of existing data. (e) Period of conference. (f) Approval and implementation of plans. (g) Grants. (h) Grant reporting. (i) Authorization of appropriations. (j) Research. (k) Definitions. SUBCHAPTER IV - PERMITS AND LICENSES 1341. Certification. (a) Compliance with applicable requirements; application; procedures; license suspension. (b) Compliance with other provisions of law setting applicable water quality requirements. (c) Authority of Secretary of the Army to permit use of spoil disposal areas by Federal licensees or permittees. (d) Limitations and monitoring requirements of certification. 1342. National pollutant discharge elimination system. (a) Permits for discharge of pollutants. (b) State permit programs. (c) Suspension of Federal program upon submission of State program; withdrawal of approval of State program; return of State program to Administrator. (d) Notification of Administrator. (e) Waiver of notification requirement. (f) Point source categories. (g) Other regulations for safe transportation, handling, carriage, storage, and stowage of pollutants. (h) Violation of permit conditions; restriction or prohibition upon introduction of pollutant by source not previously utilizing treatment works. (i) Federal enforcement not limited. (j) Public information. (k) Compliance with permits. (l) Limitation on permit requirement. (m) Additional pretreatment of conventional pollutants not required. (n) Partial permit program. (o) Anti-backsliding. (p) Municipal and industrial stormwater discharges. (q) Combined sewer overflows. 1343. Ocean discharge criteria. (a) Issuance of permits. (b) Waiver. (c) Guidelines for determining degradation of waters. 1344. Permits for dredged or fill material. (a) Discharge into navigable waters at specified disposal sites. (b) Specification for disposal sites. (c) Denial or restriction of use of defined areas as disposal sites. (d) "Secretary" defined. (e) General permits on State, regional, or nationwide basis. (f) Non-prohibited discharge of dredged or fill material. (g) State administration. (h) Determination of State's authority to issue permits under State program; approval; notification; transfers to State program. (i) Withdrawal of approval. (j) Copies of applications for State permits and proposed general permits to be transmitted to Administrator. (k) Waiver. (l) Categories of discharges not subject to requirements. (m) Comments on permit applications or proposed general permits by Secretary of the Interior acting through Director of United States Fish and Wildlife Service. (n) Enforcement authority not limited. (o) Public availability of permits and permit applications. (p) Compliance. (q) Minimization of duplication, needless paperwork, and delays in issuance; agreements. (r) Federal projects specifically authorized by Congress. (s) Violation of permits. (t) Navigable waters within State jurisdiction. 1345. Disposal or use of sewage sludge. (a) Permit. (b) Issuance of permit; regulations. (c) State permit program. (d) Regulations. (e) Manner of sludge disposal. (f) Implementation of regulations. (g) Studies and projects. 1346. Coastal recreation water quality monitoring and notification. (a) Monitoring and notification. (b) Program development and implementation grants. (c) Content of State and local government programs. (d) Federal agency programs. (e) Database. (f) Technical assistance for monitoring floatable material. (g) List of waters. (h) EPA implementation. (i) Authorization of appropriations. SUBCHAPTER V - GENERAL PROVISIONS 1361. Administration. (a) Authority of Administrator to prescribe regulations. (b) Utilization of other agency officers and employees. (c) Recordkeeping. (d) Audit. (e) Awards for outstanding technological achievement or innovative processes, methods, or devices in waste treatment and pollution abatement programs. (f) Detail of Environmental Protection Agency personnel to State water pollution control agencies. 1362. Definitions. 1363. Water Pollution Control Advisory Board. (a) Establishment; composition; terms of office. (b) Functions. (c) Clerical and technical assistance. 1364. Emergency powers. (a) Emergency powers. (b) Repealed. 1365. Citizen suits. (a) Authorization; jurisdiction. (b) Notice. (c) Venue; intervention by Administrator; United States interests protected. (d) Litigation costs. (e) Statutory or common law rights not restricted. (f) Effluent standard or limitation. (g) "Citizen" defined. (h) Civil action by State Governors. 1366. Appearance. 1367. Employee protection. (a) Discrimination against persons filing, instituting, or testifying in proceedings under this chapter prohibited. (b) Application for review; investigation; hearing; review. (c) Costs and expenses. (d) Deliberate violations by employee acting without direction from his employer or his agent. (e) Investigations of employment reductions. 1368. Federal procurement. (a) Contracts with violators prohibited. (b) Notification of agencies. (c) Omitted. (d) Exemptions. (e) Annual report to Congress. (f) Contractor certification or contract clause in acquisition of commercial items. 1369. Administrative procedure and judicial review. (a) Subpenas. (b) Review of Administrator's actions; selection of court; fees. (c) Additional evidence. 1370. State authority. 1371. Authority under other laws and regulations. (a) Impairment of authority or functions of officials and agencies; treaty provisions. (b) Discharges of pollutants into navigable waters. (c) Action of the Administrator deemed major Federal action; construction of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. (d) Consideration of international water pollution control agreements. 1372. Labor standards. 1373. Public health agency coordination. 1374. Effluent Standards and Water Quality Information Advisory Committee. (a) Establishment; membership; term. (b) Action on proposed regulations. (c) Secretary; legal counsel; compensation. (d) Quorum; special panel. (e) Rules. 1375. Reports to Congress; detailed estimates and comprehensive study on costs; State estimates. (a) Implementation of chapter objectives; status and progress of programs. (b) Detailed estimates and comprehensive study on costs; State estimates, survey form. (c) Status of combined sewer overflows in municipal treatment works operations. (d) Legislative recommendations on program requiring coordination between water supply and wastewater control plans as condition for construction grants; public hearing. (e) State revolving fund report. 1375a. Report on coastal recreation waters. (a) In general. (b) Coordination. 1376. Authorization of appropriations. 1377. Indian tribes. (a) Policy. (b) Assessment of sewage treatment needs; report. (c) Reservation of funds. (d) Cooperative agreements. (e) Treatment as States. (f) Grants for nonpoint source programs. (g) Alaska Native organizations. (h) Definitions. SUBCHAPTER VI - STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL REVOLVING FUNDS 1381. Grants to States for establishment of revolving funds. (a) General authority. (b) Schedule of grant payments. 1382. Capitalization grant agreements. (a) General rule. (b) Specific requirements. 1383. Water pollution control revolving loan funds. (a) Requirements for obligation of grant funds. (b) Administration. (c) Projects eligible for assistance. (d) Types of assistance. (e) Limitation to prevent double benefits. (f) Consistency with planning requirements. (g) Priority list requirement. (h) Eligibility of non-Federal share of construction grant projects. 1384. Allotment of funds. (a) Formula. (b) Reservation of funds for planning. (c) Allotment period. 1385. Corrective action. (a) Notification of noncompliance. (b) Withholding of payments. (c) Reallotment of withheld payments. 1386. Audits, reports, and fiscal controls; intended use plan. (a) Fiscal control and auditing procedures. (b) Annual Federal audits. (c) Intended use plan. (d) Annual report. (e) Annual Federal oversight review. (f) Applicability of subchapter II provisions. 1387. Authorization of appropriations. -COD- CODIFICATION The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, comprising this chapter, was originally enacted by act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, 62 Stat. 1155, and amended by acts July 17, 1952, ch. 927, 66 Stat. 755; July 9, 1956, ch. 518, Secs. 1, 2, 70 Stat. 498-507; June 25, 1959, Pub. L. 86-70, 73 Stat. 141; July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86-624, 74 Stat. 411; July 20, 1961, Pub. L. 87-88, 75 Stat. 204; Oct. 2, 1965, Pub. L. 89-234, 79 Stat. 903; Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89-753, 80 Stat. 1246; Apr. 3, 1970, Pub. L. 91-224, 84 Stat. 91; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91-611, 84 Stat. 1818; July 9, 1971, Pub. L. 92-50, 85 Stat. 124; Oct. 13, 1971, Pub. L. 92-137, 85 Stat. 379; Mar. 1, 1972, Pub. L. 92-240, 86 Stat. 47, and was formerly classified first to section 466 et seq. of this title and later to section 1151 et seq. of this title. The act is shown herein, however, as having been added by Pub. L. 92-500 without reference to such intervening amendments because of the extensive amendment, reorganization, and expansion of the act's provisions by Pub. L. 92- 500. -End- -CITE- 33 USC SUBCHAPTER I - RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS 01/02/2006 -EXPCITE- TITLE 33 - NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS CHAPTER 26 - WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL SUBCHAPTER I - RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER I - RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS -End- -CITE- 33 USC Sec. 1251 01/02/2006 -EXPCITE- TITLE 33 - NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS CHAPTER 26 - WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL SUBCHAPTER I - RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS -HEAD- Sec. 1251. Congressional declaration of goals and policy -STATUTE- (a) Restoration and maintenance of chemical, physical and biological integrity of Nation's waters; national goals for achievement of objective The objective of this chapter is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters. In order to achieve this objective it is hereby declared that, consistent with the provisions of this chapter - (1) it is the national goal that the discharge of pollutants into the navigable waters be eliminated by 1985; (2) it is the national goal that wherever attainable, an interim goal of water quality which provides for the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and provides for recreation in and on the water be achieved by July 1, 1983; (3) it is the national policy that the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts be prohibited; (4) it is the national policy that Federal financial assistance be provided to construct publicly owned waste treatment works; (5) it is the national policy that areawide waste treatment management planning processes be developed and implemented to assure adequate control of sources of pollutants in each State; (6) it is the national policy that a major research and demonstration effort be made to develop technology necessary to eliminate the discharge of pollutants into the navigable waters, waters of the contiguous zone, and the oceans; and (7) it is the national policy that programs for the control of nonpoint sources of pollution be developed and implemented in an expeditious manner so as to enable the goals of this chapter to be met through the control of both point and nonpoint sources of pollution. (b) Congressional recognition, preservation, and protection of primary responsibilities and rights of States It is the policy of the Congress to recognize, preserve, and protect the primary responsibilities and rights of States to prevent, reduce, and eliminate pollution, to plan the development and use (including restoration, preservation, and enhancement) of land and water resources, and to consult with the Administrator in the exercise of his authority under this chapter. It is the policy of Congress that the States manage the construction grant program under this chapter and implement the permit programs under sections 1342 and 1344 of this title. It is further the policy of the Congress to support and aid research relating to the prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution and to provide Federal technical services and financial aid to State and interstate agencies and municipalities in connection with the prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution. (c) Congressional policy toward Presidential activities with foreign countries It is further the policy of Congress that the President, acting through the Secretary of State and such national and international organizations as he determines appropriate, shall take such action as may be necessary to insure that to the fullest extent possible all foreign countries shall take meaningful action for the prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution in their waters and in international waters and for the achievement of goals regarding the elimination of discharge of pollutants and the improvement of water quality to at least the same extent as the United States does under its laws. (d) Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency to administer chapter Except as otherwise expressly provided in this chapter, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (hereinafter in this chapter called "Administrator") shall administer this chapter. (e) Public participation in development, revision, and enforcement of any regulation, etc. Public participation in the development, revision, and enforcement of any regulation, standard, effluent limitation, plan, or program established by the Administrator or any State under this chapter shall be provided for, encouraged, and assisted by the Administrator and the States. The Administrator, in cooperation with the States, shall develop and publish regulations specifying minimum guidelines for public participation in such processes. (f) Procedures utilized for implementing chapter It is the national policy that to the maximum extent possible the procedures utilized for implementing this chapter shall encourage the drastic minimization of paperwork and interagency decision procedures, and the best use of available manpower and funds, so as to prevent needless duplication and unnecessary delays at all levels of government. (g) Authority of States over water It is the policy of Congress that the authority of each State to allocate quantities of water within its jurisdiction shall not be superseded, abrogated or otherwise impaired by this chapter. It is the further policy of Congress that nothing in this chapter shall be construed to supersede or abrogate rights to quantities of water which have been established by any State. Federal agencies shall co- operate with State and local agencies to develop comprehensive solutions to prevent, reduce and eliminate pollution in concert with programs for managing water resources. -SOURCE- (June 30, 1948, ch. 758, title I, Sec. 101, as added Pub. L. 92- 500, Sec. 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 816; amended Pub. L. 95-217, Secs. 5(a), 26(b), Dec. 27, 1977, 91 Stat. 1567, 1575; Pub. L. 100- 4, title III, Sec. 316(b), Feb. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 60.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1987 - Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 100-4 added par. (7). 1977 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-217, Sec. 26(b), inserted provisions expressing Congressional policy that the States manage the construction grant program under this chapter and implement the permit program under sections 1342 and 1344 of this title. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95-217, Sec. 5(a), added subsec. (g). SHORT TITLE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 107-303, Sec. 1(a), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2355, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 1271a of this title, amending sections 1254, 1266, 1268, 1270, 1285, 1290, 1324, 1329, 1330, and 1375 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 1254 of this title, and section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 50 of Title 20, Education] may be cited as the 'Great Lakes and Lake Champlain Act of 2002'." Pub. L. 107-303, title I, Sec. 101, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2355, provided that: "This title [enacting section 1271a of this title and amending section 1268 of this title] may be cited as the 'Great Lakes Legacy Act of 2002'." Pub. L. 107-303, title II, Sec. 201, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2358, provided that: "This title [amending section 1270 of this title] may be cited as the 'Daniel Patrick Moynihan Lake Champlain Basin Program Act of 2002'." SHORT TITLE OF 2000 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 106-457, title II, Sec. 201, Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1967, provided that: "This title [amending section 1267 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1267 of this title] may be cited as the 'Chesapeake Bay Restoration Act of 2000'." Pub. L. 106-457, title IV, Sec. 401, Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1973, provided that: "This title [amending section 1269 of this title] may be cited as the 'Long Island Sound Restoration Act'." Pub. L. 106-457, title V, Sec. 501, Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1973, provided that: "This title [enacting section 1273 of this title] may be cited as the 'Lake Pontchartrain Basin Restoration Act of 2000'." Pub. L. 106-457, title VI, Sec. 601, Nov. 7, 2000, 114 Stat. 1975, provided that: "This title [enacting section 1300 of this title] may be cited as the 'Alternative Water Sources Act of 2000'." Pub. L. 106-284, Sec. 1, Oct. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 870, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 1346 and 1375a of this title and amending sections 1254, 1313, 1314, 1362, and 1377 of this title] may be cited as the 'Beaches Environmental Assessment and Coastal Health Act of 2000'." SHORT TITLE OF 1994 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 103-431, Sec. 1, Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4396, provided that: "This Act [amending section 1311 of this title] may be cited as the 'Ocean Pollution Reduction Act'." SHORT TITLE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 101-596, Sec. 1, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3000, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 1269 and 1270 of this title, amending sections 1268, 1324, and 1416 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1270 of this title] may be cited as the 'Great Lakes Critical Programs Act of 1990'." Pub. L. 101-596, title II, Sec. 201, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3004, provided that: "This part [probably means title, enacting section 1269 of this title and amending section 1416 of this title] may be cited as the 'Long Island Sound Improvement Act of 1990'." Pub. L. 101-596, title III, Sec. 301, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3006, provided that: "This title [enacting section 1270 of this title, amending section 1324 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1270 of this title] may be cited as the 'Lake Champlain Special Designation Act of 1990'." SHORT TITLE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100-653, title X, Sec. 1001, Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3835, provided that: "This title [amending section 1330 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1330 of this title] may be cited as the 'Massachusetts Bay Protection Act of 1988'." SHORT TITLE OF 1987 AMENDMENT Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 100-4 provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 1254a, 1267, 1268, 1281b, 1329, 1330, 1377, 1381 to 1387, and 1414a of this title, amending this section and sections 1254, 1256, 1262, 1281, 1282 to 1285, 1287, 1288, 1291, 1311 to 1313, 1314, 1317 to 1322, 1324, 1342, 1344, 1345, 1361, 1362, 1365, 1369, 1375, and 1376 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 1284, 1311, 1317, 1319, 1330, 1342, 1345, 1362, 1375, and 1414a of this title, and section 1962d- 20 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the 'Water Quality Act of 1987'." SHORT TITLE OF 1981 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 97-117, Sec. 1, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1623, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 1298, 1299, and 1313a of this title, amending sections 1281 to 1285, 1287, 1291, 1292, 1296, 1311, and 1314 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1311 and 1375 of this title] may be cited as the 'Municipal Wastewater Treatment Construction Grant Amendments of 1981'." SHORT TITLE OF 1977 AMENDMENT Section 1 of Pub. L. 95-217 provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 1281a, 1294 to 1296, and 1297 of this title, amending this section and sections 1252, 1254 to 1256, 1259, 1262, 1263, 1281, 1282 to 1288, 1291, 1292, 1311, 1314, 1315, 1317 to 1319, 1321 to 1324, 1328, 1341, 1342, 1344, 1345, 1362, 1364, 1375, and 1376 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1284, 1286, 1314, 1321, 1342, 1344, and 1376 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Clean Water Act of 1977'." SHORT TITLE Section 1 of Pub. L. 92-500 provided that: "That this Act [enacting this chapter, amending section 24 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, sections 633 and 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and section 711 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1281 and 1361 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972'." Section 519, formerly section 518, of Act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, title V, as added Oct. 18, 1972, Pub. L. 92-500, Sec. 2, 86 Stat. 896, and amended Dec. 27, 1977, Pub. L. 95-217, Sec. 2, 91 Stat. 1566, and renumbered Sec. 519, Feb. 4, 1987, Pub. L. 100-4, title V, Sec. 506, 101 Stat. 76, provided that: "This Act [this chapter] may be cited as the 'Federal Water Pollution Control Act' (commonly referred to as the Clean Water Act)." SAVINGS PROVISION Section 4 of Pub. L. 92-500 provided that: "(a) No suit, action, or other proceeding lawfully commenced by or against the Administrator or any other officer or employee of the United States in his official capacity or in relation to the discharge of his official duties under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1972] shall abate by reason of the taking effect of the amendment made by section 2 of this Act [which enacted this chapter]. The court may, on its own motion or that of any party made at any time within twelve months after such taking effect, allow the same to be maintained by or against the Administrator or such officer or employee. "(b) All rules, regulations, orders, determinations, contracts, certifications, authorizations, delegations, or other actions duly issued, made, or taken by or pursuant to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1972], and pertaining to any functions, powers, requirements, and duties under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1972] shall continue in full force and effect after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1972] until modified or rescinded in accordance with the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended by this Act [this chapter]. "(c) The Federal Water Pollution Control Act as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1972] shall remain applicable to all grants made from funds authorized for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, and prior fiscal years, including any increases in the monetary amount of any such grant which may be paid from authorizations for fiscal years beginning after June 30, 1972, except as specifically otherwise provided in section 202 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended by this Act [section 1282 of this title] and in subsection (c) of section 3 of this Act." SEPARABILITY Section 512 of act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, title V, as added Oct. 18, 1972, Pub. L. 92-500, Sec. 2, 86 Stat. 894, provided that: "If any provision of this Act [this chapter], or the application of any provision of this Act [this chapter] to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, and the remainder of this Act [this chapter], shall not be affected thereby." NATIONAL SHELLFISH INDICATOR PROGRAM Pub. L. 102-567, title III, Sec. 308, Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4286; as amended by Pub. L. 105-362, title II, Sec. 201(b), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3282, provided that: "(a) Establishment of a Research Program. - The Secretary of Commerce, in cooperation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall establish and administer a 5-year national shellfish research program (hereafter in this section referred to as the 'Program') for the purpose of improving existing classification systems for shellfish growing waters using the latest technological advancements in microbiology and epidemiological methods. Within 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 29, 1992], the Secretary of Commerce, in cooperation with the advisory committee established under subsection (b) and the Consortium, shall develop a comprehensive 5-year plan for the Program which shall at a minimum provide for - "(1) an environmental assessment of commercial shellfish growing areas in the United States, including an evaluation of the relationships between indicators of fecal contamination and human enteric pathogens; "(2) the evaluation of such relationships with respect to potential health hazards associated with human consumption of shellfish; "(3) a comparison of the current microbiological methods used for evaluating indicator bacteria and human enteric pathogens in shellfish and shellfish growing waters with new technological methods designed for this purpose; "(4) the evaluation of current and projected systems for human sewage treatment in eliminating viruses and other human enteric pathogens which accumulate in shellfish; "(5) the design of epidemiological studies to relate microbiological data, sanitary survey data, and human shellfish consumption data to actual hazards to health associated with such consumption; and "(6) recommendations for revising Federal shellfish standards and improving the capabilities of Federal and State agencies to effectively manage shellfish and ensure the safety of shellfish intended for human consumption. "(b) Advisory Committee. - (1) For the purpose of providing oversight of the Program on a continuing basis, an advisory committee (hereafter in this section referred to as the 'Committee') shall be established under a memorandum of understanding between the Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference and the National Marine Fisheries Service. "(2) The Committee shall - "(A) identify priorities for achieving the purpose of the Program; "(B) review and recommend approval or disapproval of Program work plans and plans of operation; "(C) review and comment on all subcontracts and grants to be awarded under the Program; "(D) receive and review progress reports from the Consortium and program subcontractors and grantees; and "(E) provide such other advice on the Program as is appropriate. "(3) The Committee shall consist of at least ten members and shall include - "(A) three members representing agencies having authority under State law to regulate the shellfish industry, of whom one shall represent each of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico shellfish growing regions; "(B) three members representing persons engaged in the shellfish industry in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico shellfish growing regions (who shall be appointed from among at least six recommendations by the industry members of the Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference Executive Board), of whom one shall represent the shellfish industry in each region; "(C) three members, of whom one shall represent each of the following Federal agencies: the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Food and Drug Administration; and "(D) one member representing the Shellfish Institute of North America. "(4) The Chairman of the Committee shall be selected from among the Committee members described in paragraph (3)(A). "(5) The Committee shall establish and maintain a subcommittee of scientific experts to provide advice, assistance, and information relevant to research funded under the Program, except that no individual who is awarded, or whose application is being considered for, a grant or subcontract under the Program may serve on such subcommittee. The membership of the subcommittee shall, to the extent practicable, be regionally balanced with experts who have scientific knowledge concerning each of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico shellfish growing regions. Scientists from the National Academy of Sciences and appropriate Federal agencies (including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control, National Institutes of Health, Environmental Protection Agency, and National Science Foundation) shall be considered for membership on the subcommittee. "(6) Members of the Committee and its scientific subcommittee established under this subsection shall not be paid for serving on the Committee or subcommittee, but shall receive travel expenses as authorized by section 5703 of title 5, United States Code. "(c) Contract With Consortium. - Within 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 29, 1992], the Secretary of Commerce shall seek to enter into a cooperative agreement or contract with the Consortium under which the Consortium will - "(1) be the academic administrative organization and fiscal agent for the Program; "(2) award and administer such grants and subcontracts as are approved by the Committee under subsection (b); "(3) develop and implement a scientific peer review process for evaluating grant and subcontractor applications prior to review by the Committee; "(4) in cooperation with the Secretary of Commerce and the Committee, procure the services of a scientific project director; "(5) develop and submit budgets, progress reports, work plans, and plans of operation for the Program to the Secretary of Commerce and the Committee; and "(6) make available to the Committee such staff, information, and assistance as the Committee may reasonably require to carry out its activities. "(d) Authorization of Appropriations. - (1) Of the sums authorized under section 4(a) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Fisheries Program Authorization Act (Public Law 98-210; 97 Stat. 1409), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Commerce $5,200,000 for each of the fiscal years 1993 through 1997 for carrying out the Program. Of the amounts appropriated pursuant to this authorization, not more than 5 percent of such appropriation may be used for administrative purposes by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The remaining 95 percent of such appropriation shall be used to meet the administrative and scientific objectives of the Program. "(2) The Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference shall not administer appropriations authorized under this section, but may be reimbursed from such appropriations for its expenses in arranging for travel, meetings, workshops, or conferences necessary to carry out the Program. "(e) Definitions. - As used in this section, the term - "(1) 'Consortium' means the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium; and "(2) 'shellfish' means any species of oyster, clam, or mussel that is harvested for human consumption." LIMITATION ON PAYMENTS Section 2 of Pub. L. 100-4 provided that: "No payments may be made under this Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note above] except to the extent provided in advance in appropriation Acts." SEAFOOD PROCESSING STUDY; SUBMITTAL OF RESULTS TO CONGRESS NOT LATER THAN JANUARY 1, 1979 Pub. L. 95-217, Sec. 74, Dec. 27, 1977, 91 Stat. 1609, provided that the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency conduct a study to examine the geographical, hydrological, and biological characteristics of marine waters to determine the effects of seafood processes which dispose of untreated natural wastes into such waters and to include in this study an examination of technologies which may be used in such processes to facilitate the use of the nutrients in these wastes or to reduce the discharge of such wastes into the marine environment and to submit the result of this study to Congress not later than Jan. 1, 1979. STANDARDS For provisions relating to the responsibility of the head of each Executive agency for compliance with applicable pollution control standards, see Ex. Ord. No. 12088, Oct. 13, 1978, 43 F.R. 47707, set out as a note under section 4321 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. OVERSIGHT STUDY Section 5 of Pub. L. 92-500 authorized the Comptroller General of the United States to conduct a study and review of the research, pilot, and demonstration programs related to prevention and control of water pollution conducted, supported, or assisted by any Federal agency pursuant to any Federal law or regulation and assess conflicts between these programs and their coordination and efficacy, and to report to Congress thereon by Oct. 1, 1973. INTERNATIONAL TRADE STUDY Section 6 of Pub. L. 92-500 provided that: "(a) The Secretary of Commerce, in cooperation with other interested Federal agencies and with representatives of industry and the public, shall undertake immediately an investigation and study to determine - "(1) the extent to which pollution abatement and control programs will be imposed on, or voluntarily undertaken by, United States manufacturers in the near future and the probable short- and long-range effects of the costs of such programs (computed to the greatest extent practicable on an industry-by-industry basis) on (A) the production costs of such domestic manufacturers, and (B) the market prices of the goods produced by them; "(2) the probable extent to which pollution abatement and control programs will be implemented in foreign industrial nations in the near future and the extent to which the production costs (computed to the greatest extent practicable on an industry- by-industry basis) of foreign manufacturers will be affected by the costs of such programs; "(3) the probable competitive advantage which any article manufactured in a foreign nation will likely have in relation to a comparable article made in the United States if that foreign nation - "(A) does not require its manufacturers to implement pollution abatement and control programs. "(B) requires a lesser degree of pollution abatement and control in its programs, or "(C) in any way reimburses or otherwise subsidizes its manufacturers for the costs of such program; "(4) alternative means by which any competitive advantage accruing to the products of any foreign nation as a result of any factor described in paragraph (3) may be (A) accurately and quickly determined, and (B) equalized, for example, by the imposition of a surcharge or duty, on a foreign product in an amount necessary to compensate for such advantage; and "(5) the impact, if any, which the imposition of a compensating tariff of other equalizing measure may have in encouraging foreign nations to implement pollution and abatement control programs. "(b) The Secretary shall make an initial report to the President and Congress within six months after the date of enactment of this section [Oct. 18, 1972] of the results of the study and investigation carried out pursuant to this section and shall make additional reports thereafter at such times as he deems appropriate taking into account the development of relevant data, but not less than once every twelve months." INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS Section 7 of Pub. L. 92-500 provided that: "The President shall undertake to enter into international agreement to apply uniform standards of performance for the control of the discharge and emission of pollutants from new sources, uniform controls over the discharge and emission of toxic pollutants, and uniform controls over the discharge of pollutants into the ocean. For this purpose the President shall negotiate multilateral treaties, conventions, resolutions, or other agreements, and formulate, present, or support proposals at the United Nations and other appropriate international forums." NATIONAL POLICIES AND GOAL STUDY Section 10 of Pub. L. 92-500 directed President to make a full and complete investigation and study of all national policies and goals established by law to determine what the relationship should be between these policies and goals, taking into account the resources of the Nation, and to report results of his investigation and study together with his recommendations to Congress not later than two years after Oct. 18, 1972. EFFICIENCY STUDY Section 11 of Pub. L. 92-500 directed President, by utilization of the General Accounting Office, to conduct a full and complete investigation and study of ways and means of most effectively using all of the various resources, facilities, and personnel of the Federal Government in order to most efficiently carry out the provisions of this chapter and to report results of his investigation and study together with his recommendations to Congress not later than two hundred and seventy days after Oct. 18, 1972. SEX DISCRIMINATION Section 13 of Pub. L. 92-500 provided that: "No person in the United States shall on the ground of sex be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal assistance under this Act [see Short Title note above] the Federal Water Pollution Control Act [this chapter], or the Environmental Financing Act [set out as a note under section 1281 of this title]. This section shall be enforced through agency provisions and rules similar to those already established, with respect to racial and other discrimination, under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [section 2000d et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare]. However, this remedy is not exclusive and will not prejudice or cut off any other legal remedies available to a discriminatee." -EXEC- CONTIGUOUS ZONE OF UNITED STATES For extension of contiguous zone of United States, see Proc. No. 7219, set out as a note under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands. PREVENTION, CONTROL, AND ABATEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AT FEDERAL FACILITIES Ex. Ord. No. 12088, Oct. 13, 1978, 43 F.R. 47707, set out as a note under section 4321 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, provides for the prevention, control, and abatement of environmental pollution at federal facilities. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 11548 Ex. Ord. No. 11548, July 20, 1970, 35 F.R. 11677, which related to the delegation of Presidential functions, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11735, Aug. 3, 1973, 38 F.R. 21243, formerly set out as a note under section 1321 of this title. EX. ORD. NO. 11742. DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS TO SECRETARY OF STATE RESPECTING THE NEGOTIATION OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS RELATING TO THE ENHANCEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT Ex. Ord. No. 11742, Oct. 23, 1973, 38 F.R. 29457, provided: Under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code and as President of the United States, I hereby authorize and empower the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Council on Environmental Quality, the Environmental Protection Agency, and other appropriate Federal agencies, to perform, without the approval, ratification, or other action of the President, the functions vested in the President by Section 7 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (Public Law 92-500; 86 Stat. 898) with respect to international agreements relating to the enhancement of the environment. Richard Nixon. -CROSS- DEFINITION OF "ADMINISTRATOR" Section 1(d) of Pub. L. 100-4 provided that: "For purposes of this Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note above], the term 'Administrator' means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency." -End- -CITE- 33 USC Sec. 1252 01/02/2006 -EXPCITE- TITLE 33 - NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS CHAPTER 26 - WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL SUBCHAPTER I - RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS -HEAD- Sec. 1252. Comprehensive programs for water pollution control -STATUTE- (a) Preparation and development The Administrator shall, after careful investigation, and in cooperation with other Federal agencies, State water pollution control agencies, interstate agencies, and the municipalities and industries involved, prepare or develop comprehensive programs for preventing, reducing, or eliminating the pollution of the navigable waters and ground waters and improving the sanitary condition of surface and underground waters. In the development of such comprehensive programs due regard shall be given to the improvements which are necessary to conserve such waters for the protection and propagation of fish and aquatic life and wildlife, recreational purposes, and the withdrawal of such waters for public water supply, agricultural, industrial, and other purposes. For the purpose of this section, the Administrator is authorized to make joint investigations with any such agencies of the condition of any waters in any State or States, and of the discharges of any sewage, industrial wastes, or substance which may adversely affect such waters. (b) Planning for reservoirs; storage for regulation of streamflow (1) In the survey or planning of any reservoir by the Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, or other Federal agency, consideration shall be given to inclusion of storage for regulation of streamflow, except that any such storage and water releases shall not be provided as a substitute for adequate treatment or other methods of controlling waste at the source. (2) The need for and the value of storage for regulation of streamflow (other than for water quality) including but not limited to navigation, salt water intrusion, recreation, esthetics, and fish and wildlife, shall be determined by the Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, or other Federal agencies. (3) The need for, the value of, and the impact of, storage for water quality control shall be determined by the Administrator, and his views on these matters shall be set forth in any report or presentation to Congress proposing authorization or construction of any reservoir including such storage. (4) The value of such storage shall be taken into account in determining the economic value of the entire project of which it is a part, and costs shall be allocated to the purpose of regulation of streamflow in a manner which will insure that all project purposes, share equitably in the benefit of multiple-purpose construction. (5) Costs of regulation of streamflow features incorporated in any Federal reservoir or other impoundment under the provisions of this chapter shall be determined and the beneficiaries identified and if the benefits are widespread or national in scope, the costs of such features shall be nonreimbursable. (6) No license granted by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for a hydroelectric power project shall include storage for regulation of streamflow for the purpose of water quality control unless the Administrator shall recommend its inclusion and such reservoir storage capacity shall not exceed such proportion of the total storage required for the water quality control plan as the drainage area of such reservoir bears to the drainage area of the river basin or basins involved in such water quality control plan. (c) Basins; grants to State agencies (1) The Administrator shall, at the request of the Governor of a State, or a majority of the Governors when more than one State is involved, make a grant to pay not to exceed 50 per centum of the administrative expenses of a planning agency for a period not to exceed three years, which period shall begin after October 18, 1972, if such agency provides for adequate representation of appropriate State, interstate, local, or (when appropriate) international interests in the basin or portion thereof involved and is capable of developing an effective, comprehensive water quality control plan for a basin or portion thereof. (2) Each planning agency receiving a grant under this subsection shall develop a comprehensive pollution control plan for the basin or portion thereof which - (A) is consistent with any applicable water quality standards effluent and other limitations, and thermal discharge regulations established pursuant to current law within the basin; (B) recommends such treatment works as will provide the most effective and economical means of collection, storage, treatment, and elimination of pollutants and recommends means to encourage both municipal and industrial use of such works; (C) recommends maintenance and improvement of water quality within the basin or portion thereof and recommends methods of adequately financing those facilities as may be necessary to implement the plan; and (D) as appropriate, is developed in cooperation with, and is consistent with any comprehensive plan prepared by the Water Resources Council, any areawide waste management plans developed pursuant to section 1288 of this title, and any State plan developed pursuant to section 1313(e) of this title. (3) For the purposes of this subsection the term "basin" includes, but is not limited to, rivers and their tributaries, streams, coastal waters, sounds, estuaries, bays, lakes, and portions thereof as well as the lands drained thereby. -SOURCE- (June 30, 1948, ch. 758, title I, Sec. 102, as added Pub. L. 92- 500, Sec. 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 817; amended Pub. L. 95-91, title IV, Sec. 402(a)(1)(A), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 583; Pub. L. 95- 217, Sec. 5(b), Dec. 27, 1977, 91 Stat. 1567; Pub. L. 104-66, title II, Sec. 2021(a), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 726.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1995 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104-66 struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: "The Administrator, after consultation with the States, and River Basin Commissions established under the Water Resources Planning Act, shall submit a report to Congress on or before July 1, 1978, which analyzes the relationship between programs under this chapter, and the programs by which State and Federal agencies allocate quantities of water. Such report shall include recommendations concerning the policy in section 1251(g) of this title to improve coordination of efforts to reduce and eliminate pollution in concert with programs for managing water resources." 1977 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95-217 added subsec. (d). -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS "Federal Energy Regulatory Commission" substituted for "Federal Power Commission" in subsec. (b)(6) on authority of Pub. L. 95-91, title IV, Sec. 402(a)(1)(A), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 583, which is classified to section 7172(a)(1)(A) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. -EXEC- EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 10014 Ex. Ord. No. 10014, Nov. 3, 1948, 13 F.R. 6601, which related to the cooperation of Federal and State agencies to prevent pollution of surface and underground waters, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11258, Nov. 17, 1965, 30 F.R. 14483. -End- -CITE- 33 USC Sec. 1252a 01/02/2006 -EXPCITE- TITLE 33 - NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS CHAPTER 26 - WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL SUBCHAPTER I - RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS -HEAD- Sec. 1252a. Reservoir projects, water storage; modification; storage for other than for water quality, opinion of Federal agency, committee resolutions of approval; provisions inapplicable to projects with certain prescribed water quality benefits in relation to total project benefits -STATUTE- In the case of any reservoir project authorized for construction by the Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, or other Federal agency when the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency determines pursuant to section 1252(b) of this title that any storage in such project for regulation of streamflow for water quality is not needed, or is needed in a different amount, such project may be modified accordingly by the head of the appropriate agency, and any storage no longer required for water quality may be utilized for other authorized purposes of the project when, in the opinion of the head of such agency, such use is justified. Any such modification of a project where the benefits attributable to water quality are 15 per centum or more but not greater than 25 per centum of the total project benefits shall take effect only upon the adoption of resolutions approving such modification by the appropriate committees of the Senate and House of Representatives. The provisions of the section shall not apply to any project where the benefits attributable to water quality exceed 25 per centum of the total project benefits. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 93-251, title I, Sec. 65, Mar. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 30.) -COD- CODIFICATION Section was not enacted as part of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act which comprises this chapter. -End- -CITE- 33 USC Sec. 1253 01/02/2006 -EXPCITE- TITLE 33 - NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS CHAPTER 26 - WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL SUBCHAPTER I - RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS -HEAD- Sec. 1253. Interstate cooperation and uniform laws -STATUTE- (a) The Administrator shall encourage cooperative activities by the States for the prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution, encourage the enactment of improved and, so far as practicable, uniform State laws relating to the prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution; and encourage compacts between States for the prevention and control of pollution. (b) The consent of the Congress is hereby given to two or more States to negotiate and enter into agreements or compacts, not in conflict with any law or treaty of the United States, for (1) cooperative effort and mutual assistance for the prevention and control of pollution and the enforcement of their respective laws relating thereto, and (2) the establishment of such agencies, joint or otherwise, as they may deem desirable for making effective such agreements and compacts. No such agreement or compact shall be binding or obligatory upon any State a party thereto unless and until it has been approved by the Congress. -SOURCE- (June 30, 1948, ch. 758, title I, Sec. 103, as added Pub. L. 92- 500, Sec. 2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 818.) -End- -CITE- 33 USC Sec. 1254 01/02/2006 -EXPCITE- TITLE 33 - NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS CHAPTER 26 - WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL SUBCHAPTER I - RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS -HEAD- Sec. 1254. Research, investigations, training, and information -STATUTE- (a) Establishment of national programs; cooperation; investigations; water quality surveillance system; reports The Administrator shall establish national programs for the prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution and as part of such programs shall - (1) in cooperation with other Federal, State, and local agencies, conduct and promote the coordination and acceleration of, research, investigations, experiments, training, demonstrations, surveys, and studies relating to the causes, effects, extent, prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution; (2) encourage, cooperate with, and render technical services to pollution control agencies and other appropriate public or private agencies, institutions, and organizations, and individuals, including the general public, in the conduct of activities referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection; (3) conduct, in cooperation with State water pollution control agencies and other interested agencies, organizations and persons, public investigations concerning the pollution of any navigable waters, and report on the results of such investigations; (4) establish advisory committees composed of recognized experts in various aspects of pollution and representatives of the public to assist in the examination and evaluation of research progress and proposals and to avoid duplication of research; (5) in cooperation with the States, and their political subdivisions, and other Federal agencies establish, equip, and maintain a water quality surveillance system for the purpose of monitoring the quality of the navigable waters and ground waters and the contiguous zone and the oceans and the Administrator shall, to the extent practicable, conduct such surveillance by utilizing the resources of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the United States Geological Survey, and the Coast Guard, and shall report on such quality in the report required under subsection (a) of section 1375 of this title; and (6) initiate and promote the coordination and acceleration of research designed to develop the most effective practicable tools and techniques for measuring the social and economic costs and benefits of activities which are subject to regulation under this chapter; and shall transmit a report on the results of such research to the Congress not later than January 1, 1974. (b) Authorized activities of Administrator In carrying out the provisions of subsection (a) of this section the Administrator is authorized to - (1) collect and make available, through publications and other appropriate means, the results of and other information, including appropriate recommendations by him in connection therewith, pertaining to such research and other activities referred to in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section; (2) cooperate with other Federal departments and agencies, State water pollution control agencies, interstate agencies, other public and private agencies, institutions, organizations, industries involved, and individuals, in the preparation and conduct of such research and other activities referred to in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section; (3) make grants to State water pollution control agencies, interstate agencies, other public or nonprofit private agencies, institutions, organizations, and individuals, for purposes stated in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section; (4) contract with public or private agencies, institutions, organizations, and individuals, without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31 and section 5 of title 41, referred to in paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this section; (5) establish and maintain research fellowships at public or nonprofit private educational institutions or research organizations; (6) collect and disseminate, in cooperation with other Federal departments and agencies, and with other public or private agencies, institutions, and organizations having related responsibilities, basic data on chemical, physical, and biological effects of varying water quality and other information pertaining to pollution and the prevention, reduction, and elimination thereof; and (7) develop effective and practical processes, methods, and prototype devices for the prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution. (c) Research and studies on harmful effects of pollutants; cooperation with Secretary of Health and Human Services In carrying out the provisions of subsection (a) of this section the Administrator shall conduct research on, and survey the results of other scientific studies on, the harmful effects on the health or welfare of persons caused by pollutants. In order to avoid duplication of effort, the Administrator shall, to the extent practicable, conduct such research in cooperation with and through the facilities of the Secretary of Health and Human Services. (d) Sewage treatment; identification and measurement of effects of pollutants; augmented streamflow In carrying out the provisions of this section the Administrator shall develop and demonstrate under varied conditions (including conducting such basic and applied research, studies, and experiments as may be necessary): (1) Practicable means of treating municipal sewage, and other waterborne wastes to implement the requirements of section 1281 of this title; (2) Improved methods and procedures to identify and measure the effects of pollutants, including those pollutants created by new technological developments; and (3) Methods and procedures for evaluating the effects on water quality of augmented streamflows to control pollution not susceptible to other means of prevention, reduction, or elimination. (e) Field laboratory and research facilities The Administrator shall establish, equip, and maintain field laboratory and research facilities, including, but not limited to, one to be located in the northeastern area of the United States, one in the Middle Atlantic area, one in the southeastern area, one in the midwestern area, one in the southwestern area, one in the Pacific Northwest, and one in the State of Alaska, for the conduct of research, investigations, experiments, field demonstrations and studies, and training relating to the prevention, reduction and elimination of pollution. Insofar as practicable, each such facility shall be located near institutions of higher learning in which graduate training in such research might be carried out. In conjunction with the development of criteria under section 1343 of this title, the Administrator shall construct the facilities authorized for the National Marine Water Quality Laboratory established under this subsection. (f) Great Lakes water quality research The Administrator shall conduct research and technical development work, and make studies, with respect to the quality of the waters of the Great Lakes, including an analysis of the present and projected future water quality of the Great Lakes under varying conditions of waste treatment and disposal, an evaluation of the water quality needs of those to be served by such waters, an evaluation of municipal, industrial, and vessel waste treatment and disposal practices with respect to such waters, and a study of alternate means of solving pollution problems (including additional waste treatment measures) with respect to such waters. (g) Treatment works pilot training programs; employment needs forecasting; training projects and grants; research fellowships; technical training; report to the President and transmittal to Congress (1) For the purpose of providing an adequate supply of trained personnel to operate and maintain existing and future treatment works and related activities, and for the purpose of enhancing substantially the proficiency of those engaged in such activities, the Administrator shall finance pilot programs, in cooperation with State and interstate agencies, municipalities, educational institutions, and other organizations and individuals, of manpower development and training and retraining of persons in, on entering into, the field of operation and maintenance of treatment works and related activities. Such program and any funds expended for such a program shall supplement, not supplant, other manpower and training programs and funds available for the purposes of this paragraph. The Administrator is authorized, under such terms and conditions as he deems appropriate, to enter into agreements with one or more States, acting jointly or severally, or with other public or private agencies or institutions for the development and implementation of such a program. (2) The Administrator is authorized to enter into agreements with public and private agencies and institutions, and individuals to develop and maintain an effective system for forecasting the supply of, and demand for, various professional and other occupational categories needed for the prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution in each region, State, or area of the United States and, from time to time, to publish the results of such forecasts. (3) In furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, the Administrator is authorized to - (A) make grants to public or private agencies and institutions and to individuals for training projects, and provide for the conduct of training by contract with public or private agencies and institutions and with individuals without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31 and section 5 of title 41; (B) establish and maintain research fellowships in the Environmental Protection Agency with such stipends and allowances, including traveling and subsistence expenses, as he may deem necessary to procure the assistance of the most promising research fellows; and (C) provide, in addition to the program established under paragraph (1) of this subsection, training in technical matters relating to the causes, prevention, reduction, and elimination of pollution for personnel of public agencies and other persons with suitable qualifications. (4) The Administrator shall submit, through the President, a report to the Congress not later than December 31, 1973, summarizing the actions taken under this subsection and the effectiveness of such actions, and setting forth the number of persons trained, the occupational categories for which training was provided, the effectiveness of other Federal, State, and local training programs in this field, together with estimates of future needs, recommendations on improving training programs, and such other information and recommendations, including legislative recommendations, as he deems appropriate. (h) Lake pollution The Administrator is authorized to enter into contracts with, or make grants to, public or private agencies and organizations and individuals for (A) the purpose of developing and demonstrating new or improved methods for the prevention, removal, reduction, and elimination of pollution in lakes, including the undesirable effects of nutrients and vegetation, and (B) the construction of publicly owned research facilities for such purpose. (i) Oil pollution control studies The Administrator, in cooperation with the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating, shall - (1) engage in such research, studies, experiments, and demonstrations as he deems appropriate, relative to the removal of oil from any waters and to the prevention, control, and elimination of oil and hazardous substances pollution; (2) publish from time to time the results of such activities; and (3) from time to time, develop and publish in the Federal Register specifications and other technical information on the various chemical compounds used in the control of oil and hazardous substances spills. In carrying out this subsection, the Administrator may enter into contracts with, or make grants to, public or private agencies and organizations and individuals. (j) Solid waste disposal equipment for vessels The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall engage in such research, studies, experiments, and demonstrations as he deems appropriate relative to equipment which is to be installed on board a vessel and is designed to receive, retain, treat, or discharge human body wastes and the wastes from toilets and other receptacles intended to receive or retain body wastes with particular emphasis on equipment to be installed on small recreational vessels. The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall report to Congress the results of such research, studies, experiments, and demonstrations prior to the effective date of any regulations established under section 1322 of this title. In carrying out this subsection the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating may enter into contracts with, or make grants to, public or private organizations and individuals. (k) Land acquisition In carrying out the provisions of this section relating to the conduct by the Administrator of demonstration projects and the development of field laboratories and research facilities, the Administrator may acquire land and interests therein by purchase, with appropriated or donated funds, by donation, or by exchange for acquired or public lands under his jurisdiction which he classifies as suitable for disposition. The values of the properties so exchanged either shall be approximately equal, or if they are not approximately equal, the values shall be equalized by the payment of cash to the grantor or to the Administrator as the circumstances require. (l) Collection and dissemination of scientific knowledge on effects and control of pesticides in water (1) The Administrator shall, after consultation with appropriate local, State, and Federal agencies, public and private organizations, and interested individuals, as soon as practicable but not later than January 1, 1973, develop and issue to the States for the purpose of carrying out this chapter the latest scientific knowledge available in indicating the kind and extent of effects on health and welfare which may be expected from the presence of pesticides in the water in varying quantities. He shall revise and add to such information whenever necessary to reflect developing scientific knowledge. (2) The President shall, in consultation with appropriate local, State, and Federal agencies, public and private organizations, and interested individuals, conduct studies and investigations of methods to control the release of pesticides into the environment which study shall include examination of the persistency of pesticides in the water environment and alternatives thereto. The President shall submit reports, from time to time, on such investigations to Congress together with his recommendations for any necessary legislation. (m) Waste oil disposal study (1) The Administrator shall, in an effort to prevent degradation of the environment from the disposal of waste oil, conduct a study of (A) the generation of used engine, machine, cooling, and similar waste oil, including quantities generated, the nature and quality of such oil, present collecting methods and disposal practices, and alternate uses of such oil; (B) the long-term, chronic biological effects of the disposal of such waste oil; and (C) the potential market for such oils, including the economic and legal factors relating to the sale of products made from such oils, the level of subsidy, if any, needed to encourage the purchase by public and private nonprofit agencies of products from such oil, and the practicability of Federal procurement, on a priority basis, of products made from such oil. In conducting such study, the Administrator shall consult with affected industries and other persons. (2) The Administrator shall report the preliminary results of such study to Congress within six months after October 18, 1972, and shall submit a final report to Congress within 18 months after such date. (n) Comprehensive studies of effects of pollution on estuaries and estuarine zones (1) The Administrator shall, in cooperation with the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Water Resources Council, and with other appropriate Federal, State, interstate, or local public bodies and private organizations, institutions, and individuals, conduct and promote, and encourage contributions to, continuing comprehensive studies of the effects of pollution, including sedimentation, in the estuaries and estuarine zones of the United States on fish and wildlife, on sport and commercial fishing, on recreation, on water supply and water power, and on other beneficial purposes. Such studies shall also consider the effect of demographic trends, the