-CITE- 50 USC TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE -HEAD- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE -MISC1- Chap. Sec. 1. Council of National Defense 1 2. Board of Ordnance and Fortification [Repealed] 11 3. Alien Enemies 21 4. Espionage [Repealed or Transferred] 31 4A. Photographing, Sketching, Mapping, etc., Defensive Installations [Repealed] 45 4B. Disclosure of Classified Information [Repealed] 46 4C. Atomic Weapons and Special Nuclear Materials Information Rewards 47a 5. Arsenals, Armories, Arms, and War Material Generally 51 6. Willful Destruction, etc., of War or National-Defense Material [Repealed] 101 7. Interference With Homing Pigeons Owned by United States [Repealed] 111 8. Explosives; Manufacture, Distribution, Storage, Use, and Possession Regulated [Repealed] 121 9. Aircraft [Omitted, Repealed, or Transferred] 151 10. Helium Gas 161 11. Acquisition of and Expenditures on Land for National-Defense Purposes [Repealed, Omitted, or Transferred] 171 12. Vessels in Territorial Waters of United States 191 13. Insurrection 201 14. Wartime Voting by Land and Naval Forces [Repealed] 301 15. National Security 401 16. Defense Industrial Reserves 451 17. Arming American Vessels [Repealed] 481 18. Air-Warning Screen 491 19. Guided Missiles 501 20. Wind Tunnels 511 21. Abacaá Production [Omitted] 541 22. Uniform Code of Military Justice [Repealed or Omitted] 551 22A. Representation of Armed Forces Personnel Before Foreign Judicial Tribunals [Repealed] 751 23. Internal Security 781 24. National Defense Facilities [Repealed] 881 25. Armed Forces Reserve [Repealed or Omitted] 901 26. Gifts for Defense Purposes [Repealed] 1151 27. Reserve Officer Personnel Program [Repealed or Omitted] 1181 28. Status of Armed Forces Personnel Appointed to Service Academies [Repealed] 1411 29. National Defense Contracts 1431 30. Federal Absentee Voting Assistance [Transferred] 1451 31. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations [Transferred to Chapter 53 of Title 42] 1501 32. Chemical and Biological Warfare Program 1511 33. War Powers Resolution 1541 34. National Emergencies 1601 35. International Emergency Economic Powers 1701 36. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance 1801 37. National Security Scholarships, Fellowships, and Grants 1901 38. Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability 2001 39. Spoils of War 2201 40. Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction 2301 41. National Nuclear Security Administration 2401 42. Atomic Energy Defense Provisions 2501 43. Preventing Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism 2901 RATIFICATION OF JAPANESE TREATY The Treaty of Peace with Japan, signed at San Francisco on Sept. 8, 1951, was ratified by the United States Senate on Mar. 20, 1952. For Resolution of Ratification, see Congressional Record, Vol. 98, No. 46, Thursday, Mar. 20, 1952, p. 2634. According to Proc. No. 2974, eff. Apr. 29, 1952, 17 F.R. 3813, 66 Stat. c31, terminating the national emergencies proclaimed on September 8, 1939, and May 27, 1941, and set out as a note preceding section 1 of the Appendix to this title, such treaty came into force on Apr. 28, 1952. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 1 - COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 1 - COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE -HEAD- CHAPTER 1 - COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE -MISC1- Sec. 1. Creation, purpose, and composition of council. 2. Advisory commission. 3. Duties of council. 4. Rule and regulations; subordinate bodies and committees. 5. Reports of subordinate bodies and committees; unvouchered expenditures. 6. Repealed. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 1 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 1 - COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE -HEAD- Sec. 1. Creation, purpose, and composition of council -STATUTE- A Council of National Defense is established, for the coordination of industries and resources for the national security and welfare, to consist of the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Labor. -SOURCE- (Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 418, Sec. 2, 39 Stat. 649; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, Sec. 205(a), 61 Stat. 501.) -COD- CODIFICATION Sections 1 to 5 of this title are from section 2 of act Aug. 29, 1916, popularly known as the Army Appropriation Act for the fiscal year 1916. -CHANGE- CHANGE OF NAME Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of certain membership functions, insofar as they pertain to Air Force, which functions were not previously transferred from Secretary of the Army and Department of the Army to Secretary of the Air Force and Department of the Air Force, see Secretary of Defense Transfer Order No. 40 [App. C(11)], July 22, 1949. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 2 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 1 - COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE -HEAD- Sec. 2. Advisory commission -STATUTE- The Council of National Defense shall nominate to the President, and the President shall appoint, an advisory commission, consisting of not more than seven persons, each of whom shall have special knowledge of some industry, public utility, or the development of some natural resource, or be otherwise specially qualified, in the opinion of the council, for the performance of the duties hereinafter provided. The members of the advisory commission shall serve without compensation, but shall be allowed actual expenses of travel and subsistence when attending meetings of the commission or engaged in investigations pertaining to its activities. The advisory commission shall hold such meetings as shall be called by the council or be provided by the rules and regulations adopted by the council for the conduct of its work. -SOURCE- (Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 418, Sec. 2, 39 Stat. 649.) -MISC1- TERMINATION OF ADVISORY COMMISSIONS Advisory commissions in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a commission established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such commission is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2- year period, or in the case of a commission established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. Advisory commissions established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a commission established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such commission is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a commission established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See sections 3(2) and 14 of Pub. L. 92-463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 3 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 1 - COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE -HEAD- Sec. 3. Duties of council -STATUTE- It shall be the duty of the Council of National Defense to supervise and direct investigations and make recommendations to the President and the heads of executive departments as to the location of railroads with reference to the frontier of the United States so as to render possible expeditious concentration of troops and supplies to points of defense; the coordination of military, industrial, and commercial purposes in the location of branch lines of railroad; the utilization of waterways; the mobilization of military and naval resources for defense; the increase of domestic production of articles and materials essential to the support of armies and of the people during the interruption of foreign commerce; the development of seagoing transportation; data as to amounts, location, method and means of production, and availability of military supplies; the giving of information to producers and manufacturers as to the class of supplies needed by the military and other services of the Government, the requirements relating thereto, and the creation of relations which will render possible in time of need the immediate concentration and utilization of the resources of the Nation. -SOURCE- (Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 418, Sec. 2, 39 Stat. 649; Nov. 9, 1921, ch. 119, Sec. 3, 42 Stat. 212.) -COD- CODIFICATION The words "extensive highways and" which preceded "branch lines of railroad" omitted on authority of act Nov. 9, 1921, which transferred powers and duties of Council relating to highways to Secretary of Commerce. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 4 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 1 - COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE -HEAD- Sec. 4. Rules and regulations; subordinate bodies and committees -STATUTE- The Council of National Defense shall adopt rules and regulations for the conduct of its work, which rules and regulations shall be subject to the approval of the President, and shall provide for the work of the advisory commission to the end that the special knowledge of such commission may be developed by suitable investigation, research, and inquiry and made available in conference and report for the use of the council; and the council may organize subordinate bodies for its assistance in special investigations, either by the employment of experts or by the creation of committees of specially qualified persons to serve without compensation, but to direct the investigations of experts so employed. -SOURCE- (Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 418, Sec. 2, 39 Stat. 650.) -MISC1- TERMINATION OF ADVISORY COMMISSIONS Advisory commissions in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a commission established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such commission is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2- year period, or in the case of a commission established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. Advisory commissions established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a commission established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such commission is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a commission established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See sections 3(2) and 14 of Pub. L. 92-463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 5 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 1 - COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE -HEAD- Sec. 5. Reports of subordinate bodies and committees; unvouchered expenditures -STATUTE- Reports shall be submitted by all subordinate bodies and by the advisory commission to the council, and from time to time the council shall report to the President or to the heads of executive departments upon special inquiries or subjects appropriate thereto. When deemed proper the President may authorize, in amounts stipulated by him, unvouchered expenditures. -SOURCE- (Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 418, Sec. 2, 39 Stat. 650; Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, Sec. 1(53), 60 Stat. 870.) -COD- CODIFICATION Second sentence was from a proviso to the first sentence, which was affected by act Aug. 7, 1946. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1946 - Act Aug. 7, 1946, repealed all provisions requiring annual reports to Congress of the Council's activities and expenditures. TERMINATION OF ADVISORY COMMISSIONS Advisory commissions in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a commission established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such commission is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2- year period, or in the case of a commission established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. Advisory commissions established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a commission established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such commission is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a commission established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See sections 3(2) and 14 of Pub. L. 92-463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 6 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 1 - COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE -HEAD- Sec. 6. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 6. Repealed. Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 644. Section, act June 5, 1920, ch. 235, 41 Stat. 886, placed a limit on salaries of officers and employees of Council of National Defense. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 2 - BOARD OF ORDNANCE AND FORTIFICATION 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 2 - BOARD OF ORDNANCE AND FORTIFICATION -HEAD- CHAPTER 2 - BOARD OF ORDNANCE AND FORTIFICATION -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 11 to 15 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 2 - BOARD OF ORDNANCE AND FORTIFICATION -HEAD- Secs. 11 to 15. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 11 to 15. Repealed. Dec. 16, 1930, ch. 14, Sec. 1, 46 Stat. 1029. Section 11, act Sept. 22, 1888, ch. 1028, Sec. 1, 25 Stat. 489, related to composition and duties of Board of Ordnance and Fortification. Section 12, act Feb. 24, 1891, ch. 283, 26 Stat. 769, provided for a civilian member of Board. Section 13, act Mar. 2, 1901, ch. 803, 31 Stat. 910, provided for additional members of Board. Section 14, act Feb. 18, 1893, ch. 136, 27 Stat. 461, related to qualifications of Board Members. Section 15, act Sept. 22, 1888, ch. 1028, Sec. 6, 25 Stat. 490, related to purchases and tests. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 3 - ALIEN ENEMIES 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 3 - ALIEN ENEMIES -HEAD- CHAPTER 3 - ALIEN ENEMIES -MISC1- Sec. 21. Restraint, regulation, and removal. 22. Time allowed to settle affairs and depart. 23. Jurisdiction of United States courts and judges. 24. Duties of marshals. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 21 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 3 - ALIEN ENEMIES -HEAD- Sec. 21. Restraint, regulation, and removal -STATUTE- Whenever there is a declared war between the United States and any foreign nation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion is perpetrated, attempted or threatened against the territory of the United States by any foreign nation or government, and the President makes public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government, being of the age of fourteen years and upward, who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured, and removed as alien enemies. The President is authorized in any such event, by his proclamation thereof, or other public act, to direct the conduct to be observed on the part of the United States, toward the aliens who become so liable; the manner and degree of the restraint to which they shall be subject and in what cases, and upon what security their residence shall be permitted, and to provide for the removal of those who, not being permitted to reside within the United States, refuse or neglect to depart therefrom; and to establish any other regulations which are found necessary in the premises and for the public safety. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 4067; Apr. 16, 1918, ch. 55, 40 Stat. 531.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 4067 derived from act July 6, 1798, ch. 66, Sec. 1, 1 Stat. 577. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1918 - Act Apr. 16, 1918, struck out provision restricting this section to males. WORLD WAR II PROCLAMATIONS The following proclamations under this section were issued during World War II: Proc. No. 2525, Dec. 7, 1941, 6 F.R. 6321, 55 Stat. Pt. 2, 1700. Proc. No. 2526, Dec. 8, 1941, 6 F.R. 6323, 55 Stat. Pt. 2, 1705. Proc. No. 2527, Dec. 8, 1941, 6 F.R. 6324, 55 Stat. Pt. 2, 1707. Proc. No. 2533, Dec. 29, 1941, 7 F.R. 55, 55 Stat. Pt. 2, 1714. Proc. No. 2537, Jan. 14, 1942, 7 F.R. 329, 56 Stat. Pt. 2, 1933, revoked by Proc. No. 2678, Dec. 29, 1945, 11 F.R. 221, 60 Stat. Pt. 2, 1336. Proc. No. 2563, July 17, 1942, 7 F.R. 5535, 56 Stat. Pt. 2, 1970. Proc. No. 2655, July 14, 1945, 10 F.R. 8947, 59 Stat. Pt. 2, 870. Proc. No. 2674, Dec. 7, 1945, 10 F.R. 14945, 59 Stat. Pt. 2, 889. Proc. No. 2685, Apr. 11, 1946, 11 F.R. 4079, 60 Stat. Pt. 2, 1342, set out as a note preceding section 1 of Appendix to this title. WORLD WAR I PROCLAMATIONS Proclamations issued under this chapter during the years 1917 and 1918 will be found in 40 Stat. 1651, 1716, 1730, and 1772. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 22 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 3 - ALIEN ENEMIES -HEAD- Sec. 22. Time allowed to settle affairs and depart -STATUTE- When an alien who becomes liable as an enemy, in the manner prescribed in section 21 of this title, is not chargeable with actual hostility, or other crime against the public safety, he shall be allowed, for the recovery, disposal, and removal of his goods and effects, and for his departure, the full time which is or shall be stipulated by any treaty then in force between the United States and the hostile nation or government of which he is a native citizen, denizen, or subject; and where no such treaty exists, or is in force, the President may ascertain and declare such reasonable time as may be consistent with the public safety, and according to the dictates of humanity and national hospitality. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 4068.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 4068 derived from acts July 6, 1798, ch. 66, Sec. 1, 1 Stat. 577; July 6, 1812, ch. 130, 2 Stat. 781. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 23 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 3 - ALIEN ENEMIES -HEAD- Sec. 23. Jurisdiction of United States courts and judges -STATUTE- After any such proclamation has been made, the several courts of the United States, having criminal jurisdiction, and the several justices and judges of the courts of the United States, are authorized and it shall be their duty, upon complaint against any alien enemy resident and at large within such jurisdiction or district, to the danger of the public peace or safety, and contrary to the tenor or intent of such proclamation, or other regulations which the President may have established, to cause such alien to be duly apprehended and conveyed before such court, judge, or justice; and after a full examination and hearing on such complaint, and sufficient cause appearing, to order such alien to be removed out of the territory of the United States, or to give sureties for his good behavior, or to be otherwise restrained, conformably to the proclamation or regulations established as aforesaid, and to imprison, or otherwise secure such alien, until the order which may be so made shall be performed. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 4069.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 4069 derived from act July 6, 1798, ch. 66, Sec. 2, 1 Stat. 577. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 24 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 3 - ALIEN ENEMIES -HEAD- Sec. 24. Duties of marshals -STATUTE- When an alien enemy is required by the President, or by order of any court, judge, or justice, to depart and to be removed, it shall be the duty of the marshal of the district in which he shall be apprehended to provide therefor and to execute such order in person, or by his deputy or other discreet person to be employed by him, by causing a removal of such alien out of the territory of the United States; and for such removal the marshal shall have the warrant of the President, or of the court, judge, or justice ordering the same, as the case may be. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 4070.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 4070 derived from act July 6, 1798, ch. 66, Sec. 3, 1 Stat. 578. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 4 - ESPIONAGE 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4 - ESPIONAGE -HEAD- CHAPTER 4 - ESPIONAGE -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 31 to 39 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4 - ESPIONAGE -HEAD- Secs. 31 to 39. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 31 to 39. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 21, 62 Stat. 862. Section 31, acts June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, Sec. 1, 40 Stat. 217; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, title I, Sec. 1, 54 Stat. 79, related to unlawful obtaining or permitting to be obtained information affecting national defense. See section 793 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. Section 32, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, Sec. 2, 40 Stat. 218, related to unlawful disclosures affecting national defense. See section 794 of Title 18. Section 33, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, Sec. 3, 40 Stat. 219, related to seditious or disloyal acts or words in time of war. See section 2388 of Title 18. Section 33 was amended by act May 16, 1918, ch. 75, Sec. 1, 40 Stat. 553, which was repealed and the original section reenacted by act Mar. 3, 1921, ch. 136, 41 Stat. 1359. Section 34, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, Sec. 4, 40 Stat. 219, related to conspiracy to violate sections 32 and 33 of this title. See sections 794 and 2388 of Title 18. Section 35, acts June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, Sec. 5, 40 Stat. 219; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, Sec. 2, 54 Stat. 79, related to the harboring or concealing of violators of the law. See sections 792 and 2388 of Title 18. Section 36, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, Sec. 6, 40 Stat. 219, related to designation by proclamation of prohibited areas. See section 793 of Title 18. Section 37, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, Sec. 8, 40 Stat. 219, related to places subject to provisions of sections 31 to 42 of this title. See section 2388 of Title 18. Section 38, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, Sec. 7, 40 Stat. 219, related to jurisdiction of courts-martial and military commissions. Section 39, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title XIII, Sec. 2, 40 Stat. 231; Proc. No. 2695, eff. July 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 7517, 60 Stat. 1352, related to jurisdiction of Canal Zone courts over offenses on high seas. See section 3241 of Title 18. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal of sections 31 to 39 effective Sept. 1, 1948, see section 38 of act June 25, 1948, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 1 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 40 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4 - ESPIONAGE -HEAD- Sec. 40. Transferred -COD- CODIFICATION Section, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title XIII, Sec. 1, 40 Stat. 231, defined "United States" as used in act June 15, 1917, and was transferred to section 195 of this title. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 41 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4 - ESPIONAGE -HEAD- Sec. 41. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 41. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 21, 62 Stat. 862. Section, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title VIII, Sec. 4, 40 Stat. 226, defined "Foreign government". See section 11 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Sept. 1, 1948, see section 38 of act June 25, 1948, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 1 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 42 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4 - ESPIONAGE -HEAD- Sec. 42. Transferred -COD- CODIFICATION Section, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title XIII, Sec. 4, 40 Stat. 231, related to savings provisions and is set out as a Separability note under section 191 of this title. Section was formerly classified to section 536 of Title 18 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, by act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 683. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 4A - PHOTOGRAPHING, SKETCHING, MAPPING, ETC., DEFENSIVE INSTALLATIONS 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4A - PHOTOGRAPHING, SKETCHING, MAPPING, ETC., DEFENSIVE INSTALLATIONS -HEAD- CHAPTER 4A - PHOTOGRAPHING, SKETCHING, MAPPING, ETC., DEFENSIVE INSTALLATIONS -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 45 to 45d 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4A - PHOTOGRAPHING, SKETCHING, MAPPING, ETC., DEFENSIVE INSTALLATIONS -HEAD- Secs. 45 to 45d. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 45 to 45d. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 21, 62 Stat. 862. Section 45, act Jan. 12, 1938, ch. 2, Sec. 1, 52 Stat. 3, related to photographing of defensive installations. See sections 795 to 797 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. Section 45a, act Jan. 12, 1938, ch. 2, Sec. 2, 52 Stat. 3, related to photographing, etc., from aircraft. See section 796 of Title 18. Section 45b, act Jan. 12, 1938, ch. 2, Sec. 3, 52 Stat. 3, related to reproducing, publishing, selling uncensored copies. See section 797 of Title 18. Section 45c, act Jan. 12, 1938, ch. 2, Sec. 4, 52 Stat. 4, related to definitions of "aircraft", "post", "camp", and "station". See sections 795 and 796 of Title 18. Section 45d, act Jan. 12, 1938, ch. 2, Sec. 5, 52 Stat. 4, related to geographical application of law. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal of sections 45 to 45d effective Sept. 1, 1948, see section 38 of act June 25, 1948, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 1 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 4B - DISCLOSURE OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4B - DISCLOSURE OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION -HEAD- CHAPTER 4B - DISCLOSURE OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 46 to 46b 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4B - DISCLOSURE OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION -HEAD- Secs. 46 to 46b. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 46 to 46b. Repealed. Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, Sec. 56(c), 65 Stat. 729. Section 46, act May 13, 1950, ch. 185, Sec. 2, 64 Stat. 159, related to unlawful disclosure of classified information. See section 798 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. Section 46a, act May 13, 1950, ch. 185, Sec. 1, 64 Stat. 159, defined terms for use in this chapter. Section 46b, act May 13, 1950, ch. 185, Sec. 3, 64 Stat. 160, related to penalties for improper disclosure. SAVINGS PROVISION Section 56(l) of act Oct. 31, 1951, provided that the repeal of sections 46 to 46b shall not affect any rights or liabilities existing hereunder on Oct. 31, 1951. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 4C - ATOMIC WEAPONS AND SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS INFORMATION REWARDS 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4C - ATOMIC WEAPONS AND SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS INFORMATION REWARDS -HEAD- CHAPTER 4C - ATOMIC WEAPONS AND SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS INFORMATION REWARDS -MISC1- Sec. 47a. Information concerning illegal introduction, manufacture, acquisition or export of special nuclear material or atomic weapons or conspiracies relating thereto; reward. 47b. Determination by Attorney General of entitlement and amount of reward; consultation; Presidential approval. 47c. Aliens; waiver of admission requirements. 47d. Hearings; rules and regulations; conclusiveness of determinations of Attorney General. 47e. Certification of award; approval; payment. 47f. Definitions. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 47a 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4C - ATOMIC WEAPONS AND SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS INFORMATION REWARDS -HEAD- Sec. 47a. Information concerning illegal introduction, manufacture, acquisition or export of special nuclear material or atomic weapons or conspiracies relating thereto; reward -STATUTE- Any person who furnishes original information to the United States - (a) leading to the finding or other acquisition by the United States of special nuclear material or an atomic weapon which has been introduced into the United States or manufactured or acquired therein contrary to the laws of the United States, or (b) with respect to the introduction or attempted introduction into the United States or the manufacture or acquisition or attempted manufacture or acquisition of, or a conspiracy to introduce into the United States or to manufacture or acquire, special nuclear material or an atomic weapon contrary to the laws of the United States, or (c) with respect to the export or attempted export, or a conspiracy to export, special nuclear material or an atomic weapon from the United States contrary to the laws of the United States, shall be rewarded by the payment of an amount not to exceed $500,000. -SOURCE- (July 15, 1955, ch. 372, Sec. 2, 69 Stat. 365; Pub. L. 93-377, Sec. 1(b), Aug. 17, 1974, 88 Stat. 472.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1974 - Pub. L. 93-377 in par. (a) made minor changes in phraseology, in par. (b) included information relating to the actual introduction, manufacture and acquisition, or conspiring to introduce into the United States or to manufacture or acquire special nuclear material or an atomic weapon as within the information for which a reward would be given, and added par. (c). SHORT TITLE Section 1 of act July 15, 1955, as amended by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 93-377, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Atomic Weapons and Special Nuclear Materials Rewards Act'." -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 47b 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4C - ATOMIC WEAPONS AND SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS INFORMATION REWARDS -HEAD- Sec. 47b. Determination by Attorney General of entitlement and amount of reward; consultation; Presidential approval -STATUTE- The Attorney General shall determine whether a person furnishing information to the United States is entitled to a reward and the amount to be paid pursuant to section 47a of this title. Before making a reward under this section the Attorney General shall advise and consult with the Atomic Energy Commission. A reward of $50,000 or more may not be made without the approval of the President. -SOURCE- (July 15, 1955, ch. 372, Sec. 3, 69 Stat. 365; Pub. L. 93-377, Sec. 1(b), Aug. 17, 1974, 88 Stat. 473.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1974 - Pub. L. 93-377 substituted provisions authorizing the Attorney General, with the advice of the Atomic Energy Commission, to determine entitlement and the amount of reward for a person furnishing information to the United States, for provisions authorizing an Awards Board to determine entitlement and amount of such reward, setting forth the composition of the Board and criteria for reward. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See also Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 47c 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4C - ATOMIC WEAPONS AND SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS INFORMATION REWARDS -HEAD- Sec. 47c. Aliens; waiver of admission requirements -STATUTE- If the information leading to an award under section 47b of this title is furnished by an alien, the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Director of Central Intelligence, acting jointly, may determine that the admission of such alien into the United States is in the public interest and, in that event, such alien and the members of his immediate family may receive immigrant visas and may be admitted to the United States for permanent residence, notwithstanding the requirements of the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.]. -SOURCE- (July 15, 1955, ch. 372, Sec. 4, 69 Stat. 366; Pub. L. 104-208, div. C, title III, Sec. 308(f)(7), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009- 622.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT The Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in text, is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 12 (Sec. 1101 et seq.) of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1996 - Pub. L. 104-208 substituted "admission" for "entry". -CHANGE- CHANGE OF NAME Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a), (b) of Pub. L. 108-458, set out as a note under section 401 of this title. -MISC2- EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 104-208 effective, with certain transitional provisions, on the first day of the first month beginning more than 180 days after Sept. 30, 1996, see section 309 of Pub. L. 104-208, set out as a note under section 1101 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 47d 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4C - ATOMIC WEAPONS AND SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS INFORMATION REWARDS -HEAD- Sec. 47d. Hearings; rules and regulations; conclusiveness of determinations of Attorney General -STATUTE- (a) The Attorney General is authorized to hold such hearings and make, promulgate, issue, rescind, and amend such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter. (b) A determination made by the Attorney General under section 47b of this title shall be final and conclusive and no court shall have power or jurisdiction to review it. -SOURCE- (July 15, 1955, ch. 372, Sec. 5, 69 Stat. 366; Pub. L. 93-377, Sec. 1(b), Aug. 17, 1974, 88 Stat. 473.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1974 - Pub. L. 93-377 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted "Attorney General" for "Board as administering agent", and added subsec. (b). -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 47e 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4C - ATOMIC WEAPONS AND SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS INFORMATION REWARDS -HEAD- Sec. 47e. Certification of award; approval; payment -STATUTE- Any awards granted under section 47b of this title shall be certified by the Attorney General and, together with the approval of the President in those cases where such approval is required, transmitted to the Director of Central Intelligence for payment out of funds appropriated or available for the administration of the National Security Act of 1947, as amended. -SOURCE- (July 15, 1955, ch. 372, Sec. 6, 69 Stat. 366; Pub. L. 93-377, Sec. 1(c), Aug. 17, 1974, 88 Stat. 473.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT The National Security Act of 1947, as amended, referred to in text, is act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, 61 Stat. 495, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 401 of this title and Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1974 - Pub. L. 93-377 substituted "Attorney General" for "Awards Board". -CHANGE- CHANGE OF NAME Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a), (b) of Pub. L. 108-458, set out as a note under section 401 of this title. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 47f 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 4C - ATOMIC WEAPONS AND SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS INFORMATION REWARDS -HEAD- Sec. 47f. Definitions -STATUTE- As used in this chapter - (a) The term "atomic energy" means all forms of energy released in the course of nuclear fission or nuclear transformation. (b) The term "atomic weapon" means any device utilizing atomic energy, exclusive of the means for transporting or propelling the device (where such means is a separable and divisible part of the device), the principal purpose of which is for use as, or for development of, a weapon, a weapon prototype, or a weapon test device. (c) The term "special nuclear material" means plutonium, or uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, or any other material which is found to be special nuclear material pursuant to the provisions of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.]. (d) The term "United States," when used in a geographical sense, includes Puerto Rico, all Territories and possessions of the United States and the Canal Zone; except that in section 47c of this title, the term "United States" when so used shall have the meaning given to it in the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.]. -SOURCE- (July 15, 1955, ch. 372, Sec. 7, 69 Stat. 366.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, referred to in subsec. (c), is act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, as added by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, Sec. 1, 68 Stat. 921, and amended, which is classified generally to chapter 23 (Sec. 2011 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2011 of Title 42 and Tables. The Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 12 (Sec. 1101 et seq.) of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and Tables. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY -HEAD- CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY -MISC1- SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS Sec. 51 to 81. Repealed or Transferred. 82. Procurement of ships and material during war. 83 to 88. Repealed or Omitted. SUBCHAPTER II - EDUCATION AND EXPERIMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF MUNITIONS AND MATERIALS FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE 91 to 96. Repealed or Omitted. SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS 98. Short title. 98a. Congressional findings and declaration of purpose. 98b. National Defense Stockpile. 98c. Materials constituting the National Defense Stockpile. 98d. Authority for stockpile operations. 98e. Stockpile management. 98e-1. Transferred. 98f. Special Presidential disposal authority. 98g. Materials development and research. 98h. National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund. 98h-1. Advisory committees. 98h-2. Reports to Congress. 98h-3. Definitions. 98h-4. Importation of strategic and critical materials. 98h-5. Biennial report on stockpile requirements. 98h-6. Development of domestic sources. 98h-7. National Defense Stockpile Manager. 98i, 99. Repealed or Transferred. 100. Nitrate plants. 100a. Omitted. -End- -CITE- 50 USC SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 51 to 57 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -HEAD- Secs. 51 to 57. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 51 to 57. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. Section 51, act Aug. 5, 1882, ch. 395, 22 Stat. 299, related to pay of master amorer at Springfield Armory. Section 52, act June 23, 1874, ch. 486, 18 Stat. 282, related to pay of clerks at Springfield Armory. Section 53, R.S. Sec. 1665, required an annual account of expenses of national armories, together with an account of arms made and repaired thereon. Section 54, acts Aug. 18, 1890, ch. 797, Sec. 2, 26 Stat. 320; Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, Sec. 1(52), 60 Stat. 870, related to accounts of cost of type and experimental manufacture of guns and other articles. Section 55, R.S. Sec. 1666, authorized Secretary of War to abolish useless or unnecessary arsenals. See section 4532 of Title 10, Armed Forces. Section 56, R.S. Sec. 1669, provided for forfeitures by reason of misconduct of workmen in armories. Section 57, R.S. Sec. 1671, exempted from jury duty all artificers and workmen employed in armories and arsenals, of the United States. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 58 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 58. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 58. Repealed. Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, title III, Sec. 305(d), 68 Stat. 1114. Section, act July 17, 1912, ch. 236, 37 Stat. 193, related to awards. See section 4501 et seq. of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective 90 days after Sept. 1, 1954, see section 307 of act Sept. 1, 1954. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 59 to 66 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -HEAD- Secs. 59 to 66. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 59 to 66. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. Section 59, act July 26, 1886, ch. 781, Sec. 1, 24 Stat. 151, related to testing of rifled cannon for Navy. Section 60, act July 8, 1918, ch. 137, 40 Stat. 817, authorized transfer of naval ordnance and ordnance material from Navy Department to Department of War. Section 61, acts Mar. 3, 1879, ch. 183, 20 Stat. 412; Apr. 14, 1937, ch. 79, 50 Stat. 63, authorized issuance of arms and ammunition to protect public property, provided for reimbursement. See section 4655 of Title 10, Armed Forces. Section 62, acts Feb. 10, 1920, ch. 64, 41 Stat. 403; June 5, 1920, ch. 240, 41 Stat. 976; May 26, 1952, ch. 334, 66 Stat. 94, authorized loan of rifles to organizations of honorably discharged soldiers. See section 4683 of Title 10. Section 62a, act June 30, 1906, ch. 3938, 34 Stat. 817, authorized loan of ordnance to schools and State homes for veterans' orphans. See sections 4685 and 9685 of Title 10. Section 62b, act Dec. 15, 1926, ch. 10, 44 Stat. 922, authorized Secretary of War to relieve posts or camps or organizations composed of honorably discharged soldiers, sailors, or marines, and sureties on bonds, from liability on account of loss or destruction of rifles, slings, and cartridge belts loaned to such organizations. See section 4683 of Title 10. Section 62c, acts May 29, 1934, ch. 369, 48 Stat. 815; Aug. 30, 1935, ch. 826, 49 Stat. 1013, authorized Secretary of War to donate Army equipment loaned under authority of section 62 of this title. Section 63, act May 11, 1908, ch. 163, 35 Stat. 125, authorized sales of ordnance property to schools and State homes for veterans' orphans. See sections 4625 and 9625 of Title 10, Armed Forces. Section 64, acts May 28, 1908, ch. 215, Sec. 14, 35 Stat. 443; June 28, 1950, ch. 383, title IV, Sec. 402(g), 64 Stat. 273; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 654, Sec. 2(26), 65 Stat. 707, authorized sale of obsolete small arms to patriotic organizations. See sections 4684 and 9684 of Title 10. Section 64a, act Mar. 3, 1875, ch. 130, 18 Stat. 388, provided for sale of useless ordnance materials, appropriated an amount equal to net proceeds of sale for purpose of procuring a supply of material, and limited expenditures to not more than $75,000 in any one year. Section 65, acts Apr. 23, 1904, ch. 1485, 33 Stat. 276; Aug. 1, 1953, ch. 305, title VI, Sec. 645, 67 Stat. 357, authorized sale of serviceable ordnance and ordnance stores to American designers. Section 66, acts Feb. 8, 1889, ch. 116, 25 Stat. 657; Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 423, 30 Stat. 1073; May 26, 1900, ch. 586, 31 Stat. 216; June 28, 1950, ch. 383, title IV, Sec. 402(e), 64 Stat. 273; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 654, Sec. 2(27), 65 Stat. 707, authorized issuance of condemned ordnance to State homes for soldiers and sailors. See sections 4686 and 9686 of Title 10. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 67 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 67. Transferred -COD- CODIFICATION Section, acts May 22, 1896, ch. 231, 29 Stat. 133; May 26, 1928, ch. 785, 45 Stat. 773; Feb. 28, 1933, ch. 137, 47 Stat. 1369; June 19, 1940, ch. 398, Sec. 1, 54 Stat. 491; July 31, 1947, ch. 421, 61 Stat. 707; Feb. 27, 1948, ch. 76, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 37; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 654, Sec. 2(2), 65 Stat. 706, which authorized loans or gifts of condemned or obsolete equipment, was transferred to section 150p of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, and subsequently repealed and reenacted as section 2572 of Title 10, Armed Forces, by act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Secs. 1, 53, 70A Stat. 143, 641. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 68 to 71 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -HEAD- Secs. 68 to 71. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 68 to 71. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. Section 68, acts Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 319, Sec. 47, 35 Stat. 1075; June 28, 1950, ch. 383, title IV, Sec. 402(i), 64 Stat. 273; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 654, Sec. 2(28), 65 Stat. 708, authorized sale of obsolete ordnance for public parks, public buildings and soldiers' monuments purposes. See sections 4684 and 9684 of Title 10, Armed Forces. Section 69, act Mar. 2, 1905, ch. 1307, 33 Stat. 841, authorized sale of individual pieces of armament. See section 2574 of Title 10. Section 70, acts Mar. 3, 1909, ch. 252, 35 Stat. 751; June 28, 1950, ch. 383, title IV, Sec. 402(h), 64 Stat. 273, authorized sale of ordnance property to officers of the Navy and Marine Corps. See section 4625 and 9625 of Title 10. Section 71, act Mar. 3, 1909, ch. 252, 35 Stat. 750, authorized sale of ordnance stores to civilian employees of Army and to American National Red Cross. See sections 4625 and 9625 of Title 10. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 72 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 72. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 72. Repealed. May 1, 1937, ch. 146, Sec. 5(i), 50 Stat. 126. Section, act Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 418, Sec. 1, 39 Stat. 643, related to sale of ordnance and stores to Cuba. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 73 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 73. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 73. Repealed. Aug. 1, 1953, ch. 305, title VI, Sec. 645, 67 Stat. 357. Section, act Apr. 23, 1904, ch. 1485, 33 Stat. 276, related to disposition of proceeds from sales of serviceable ordnance and stores. See sections 2208 and 2210 of Title 10, Armed Forces. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 74 to 81 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -HEAD- Secs. 74 to 81. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 74 to 81. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. Section 74, act Jan. 22, 1923, ch. 28, 42 Stat. 1142, provided that net proceeds of sales of useless ordnance material by Navy Department should be covered into Treasury as "Miscellaneous receipts". See section 7543 of Title 10, Armed Forces. Section 75, act Aug. 24, 1912, ch. 391, Sec. 1, 37 Stat. 589, related to payment for transfers of ordnance or stores to bureaus or departments. Section 76, act June 20, 1878, ch. 359, Sec. 1, 20 Stat. 223, authorized private use of a machine for testing iron and steel. Section 77, acts Mar. 3, 1885, ch. 360, 23 Stat. 502; May 29, 1928, ch. 901, par. 27, 45 Stat. 988, regulated tests of iron and steel and other materials for industrial purposes. Section 78, act June 3, 1916, ch. 134, Sec. 123, 39 Stat. 215, related to gauges, dies, and tools for manufacture of arms. Section 79, act June 3, 1916, ch. 134, Sec. 124, 39 Stat. 215, related to nitrate plants. Section 80, act June 3, 1916, ch. 134, Sec. 120, 39 Stat. 213, 214, related to procurement of war material and mobilization of industries. See sections 2538 to 2540 of Title 10. Section 81, act May 14, 1928, ch. 544, 45 Stat. 509, authorized Secretary of War to secure assistance, whenever practicable, of Geological Survey, Coast and Geodetic Survey, or other mapping agencies of the Government in execution of military surveys and maps. Provisions similar to former section 81 were contained in the following appropriation acts: Mar. 23, 1928, ch. 232, title I, 45 Stat. 342. Feb. 23, 1927, ch. 167, title I, 44 Stat. 1123. Apr. 15, 1926, ch. 146, title I, 44 Stat. 273. Feb. 12, 1925, ch. 225, title I, 43 Stat. 911. June 7, 1924, ch. 291, title I, 43, Stat. 496. Mar. 2, 1923, ch. 178, title I, 42 Stat. 1402. June 30, 1922, ch. 253, title I, 42 Stat. 741. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 82 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 82. Procurement of ships and material during war -STATUTE- (a) Definitions The word "person" as used in subsections (b) and (c) of this section shall include any individual, trustee, firm, association, company, or corporation. The word "ship" shall include any boat, vessel, submarine, or any form of aircraft, and the parts thereof. The words "war material" shall include arms, armament, ammunition, stores, supplies, and equipment for ships and airplanes, and everything required for or in connection with the production thereof. The word "factory" shall include any factory, workshop, engine works, building used for manufacture, assembling, construction, or any process, and any shipyard or dockyard. The words "United States" shall include the Canal Zone and all territory and waters, continental and insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. (b) Presidential powers In time of war the President is authorized and empowered, in addition to all other existing provisions of law: First. Within the limits of the amounts appropriated therefor, to place an order with any person for such ships or war material as the necessities of the Government, to be determined by the President, may require and which are of the nature, kind, and quantity usually produced or capable of being produced by such person. Compliance with all such orders shall be obligatory on any person to whom such order is given, and such order shall take precedence over all other orders and contracts theretofore placed with such person. If any person owning, leasing, or operating any factory equipped for the building or production of ships or war material for the Navy shall refuse or fail to give to the United States such preference in the execution of such an order, or shall refuse to build, supply, furnish, or manufacture the kind, quantity, or quality of ships or war material so ordered at such reasonable price as shall be determined by the President, the President may take immediate possession of any factory of such person, or of any part thereof without taking possession of the entire factory, and may use the same at such times and in such manner as he may consider necessary or expedient. Second. Within the limit of the amounts appropriated therefor, to modify or cancel any existing contract for the building, production, or purchase of ships or war material; and if any contractor shall refuse or fail to comply with the contract as so modified the President may take immediate possession of any factory of such contractor, or any part thereof without taking possession of the entire factory, and may use the same at such times and in such manner as he may consider necessary or expedient. Third. To require the owner or occupier of any factory in which ships or war material are built or produced to place at the disposal of the United States the whole or any part of the output of such factory, and, within the limit of the amounts appropriated therefor, to deliver such output or parts thereof in such quantities and at such times as may be specified in the order at such reasonable price as shall be determined by the President. Fourth. To requisition and take over for use or operation by the Government any factory, or any part thereof without taking possession of the entire factory, whether the United States has or has not any contract or agreement with the owner or occupier of such factory. (d) (!1) Compensation for commandeered material Whenever the United States shall cancel or modify any contract, make use of, assume, occupy, requisition, or take over any factory or part thereof, or any ships or war material, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, it shall make just compensation therefor, to be determined by the President, and if the amount thereof so determined by the President is unsatisfactory to the person entitled to receive the same, such person shall be paid fifty per centum of the amount so determined by the President and shall be entitled to sue the United States to recover such further sum as added to said fifty per centum shall make up such amount as will be just compensation therefor, in the manner provided for by section 1346 or section 1491 of title 28. -SOURCE- (Mar. 4, 1917, ch. 180, 39 Stat. 1192.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in subsec. (a), see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. -COD- CODIFICATION In subsec. (d), "section 1346 or section 1491 of title 28" substituted for "section twenty-four, paragraph twenty, and section one hundred and forty-five of the Judicial Code" (those sections classified to sections 41(20) and 250 of former Title 28, Judicial Code and Judiciary) on authority of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 869, section 1 of which enacted Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. Section 1346 of Title 28 sets forth the basic jurisdiction of the district courts in cases in which the United States is defendant. Section 1491 of Title 28 sets forth the basic jurisdiction of the United States Court of Claims. Sections 24(20) and 145 of the Judicial Code were also classified to sections 1496, 1501, 1503, 2401, 2402, and 2501 of Title 28. -MISC1- SIMILAR PROVISIONS Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the Naval Appropriation Act, 1918, act July 1, 1918, ch. 114, 40 Stat. 719, which terminated six months after the treaty of peace between the United States and Germany (Oct. 18, 1921). TERMINATION OF WAR AND EMERGENCIES Act July 25, 1947, ch. 327, Sec. 3, 61 Stat. 451, provided that in the interpretation of the provisions of this section, which authorized the President to acquire, through construction or conversion, ships, landing craft, and other vessels, the date July 25, 1947, shall be deemed to be the date of termination of any state of war theretofore declared by Congress and of the national emergencies proclaimed by the President on Sept. 8, 1939, and May 27, 1941. -EXEC- EX. ORD. NO. 12742. NATIONAL SECURITY INDUSTRIAL RESPONSIVENESS Ex. Ord. No. 12742, Jan. 8, 1991, 56 F.R. 1079, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13286, Sec. 36, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10625, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including 50 U.S.C. App. 468, 10 U.S.C. 4501 and 9501 [former sections 4501 and 9501 of Title 10, Armed Forces], and 50 U.S.C. 82, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 101. Policy. The United States must have the capability to rapidly mobilize its resources in the interest of national security. Therefore, to achieve prompt delivery of articles, products, and materials to meet national security requirements, the Government may place orders and require priority performance of these orders. Sec. 102. Delegation of Authority under. (a) Subject to paragraph (b) of this section, the authorities vested in the President, under, with respect to the placing of orders for prompt delivery of articles or materials, except for the taking authority under (c), are hereby delegated to: (1) The Secretary of Agriculture with respect to all food resources; (2) the Secretary of Energy with respect to all forms of energy; (3) the Secretary of Transportation with respect to all forms of civil transportation; and (4) the Secretary of Commerce with respect to all other articles and materials, including construction materials. (b) The authorities delegated by paragraph (a) of this section shall be exercised only after: (1) a determination by the Secretary of Defense that prompt delivery of the articles or materials for the exclusive use of the armed forces of the United States is in the interest of national security, or (2) a determination by the Secretary of Energy that the prompt delivery of the articles or materials for the Department of Energy's atomic energy programs is in the interest of national security. (c) All determinations of the type described in paragraph (b) of this section and all delegations - made prior to the effective date of this order under the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended [50 U.S.C. App. 2061 et seq.], and under its implementing rules and regulations - shall be continued in effect, including but not limited to approved programs listed under the Defense Priorities and Allocations System (15 CFR Part 700). Sec. 103. Delegation of Authority under 10 U.S.C. 4501 and 9501, and 50 U.S.C. 82. (a) Subject to paragraph (b) of this section, the authorities vested in the President under 10 U.S.C. 4501 and 9501 [former sections 4501 and 9501 of Title 10] with respect to the placing of orders for necessary products or materials, and under 50 U.S.C. 82 with respect to the placing of orders for ships or war materials, except for the taking authority vested in the President by these acts, are hereby delegated to: (1) the Secretary of Agriculture with respect to all food resources; (2) the Secretary of Energy with respect to all forms of energy; (3) the Secretary of Transportation with respect to all forms of civil transportation; and (4) the Secretary of Commerce with respect to all other products and materials, including construction materials. (b) The authorities delegated in paragraph (a) of this section may be exercised only after the President has made the statutorily required determination. Sec. 104. Implementation. (a) The authorities delegated under sections 102 and 103 of this order shall include the power to redelegate such authorities, and the power of successive redelegation of such authorities, to departments and agencies, officers, and employees of the Government. The authorities delegated in this order may be implemented by regulations promulgated and administered by the Secretaries of Agriculture, Defense, Energy, Transportation, Homeland Security, and Commerce, and the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as appropriate. (b) All departments and agencies delegated authority under this order are hereby directed to amend their rules and regulations as necessary to reflect the new authorities delegated herein that are to be relied upon to carry out their functions. To the extent authorized by law, including 50 U.S.C. App. 486 [468], 10 U.S.C. 4501 and 9501 [former sections 4501 and 9501 of Title 10], and 50 U.S.C. 82, all rules and regulations issued under the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, with respect to the placing of priority orders for articles, products, ships, and materials, including war materials, shall be deemed, where appropriate, to implement the authorities delegated by sections 102 and 103 of this order, and shall remain in effect until amended or revoked by the respective Secretary. All orders, regulations, and other forms of administrative actions purported to have been issued, taken, or continued in effect pursuant to the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, shall, until amended or revoked by the respective Secretaries or the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as appropriate, remain in full force and effect, to the extent supported by any law or any authority delegated to the respective Secretary or the Director pursuant to this order. (c) Upon the request of the Secretary of Defense with respect to particular articles, products, or materials that are determined to be needed to meet national security requirements, any other official receiving a delegation of authority under this Executive order to place orders or to enforce precedence of such orders, shall exercise such authority within 10 calendar days of the receipt of the request; provided, that if the head of any department or agency having delegated responsibilities hereunder disagrees with a request of the Secretary of Defense, such department or agency head shall, within 10 calendar days from the receipt of the request, refer the issue to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, who shall ensure expeditious resolution of the issue. (d) Proposed department and agency regulations and procedures to implement the delegated authority under this order, and any new determinations made under sections 102(b)(1) or (2), shall be coordinated by the Secretary of Homeland Security with all appropriate departments and agencies. Sec. 105. Judicial Review. This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch and is not intended to create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by a party against the United States, its agencies, its officers, or any person. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) So in original. No subsec. (c) has been enacted. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 83 to 85 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -HEAD- Secs. 83 to 85. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 83 to 85. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. Section 83, act May 29, 1928, ch. 853, Sec. 1, 45 Stat. 928, related to ammunition for use of Army and Navy, storage and dispersal, control by a joint board of officers. See section 172 of Title 10, Armed Forces. Section 84, act Mar. 3, 1875, ch. 133, Sec. 1, 18 Stat. 455, related to expenditure at armories for perfection of patentable inventions. Section 85, act Mar. 3, 1921, ch. 128, Sec. 6, 41 Stat. 1352, authorized Secretary of War to proceed with installation of guns and howitzers. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 86 to 88 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER I - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIALS -HEAD- Secs. 86 to 88. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Sections 86 to 88, act Feb. 15, 1936, ch. 74, Secs. 1-3, 49 Stat. 1140, related to conservation of domestic sources of tin, and were superseded by the Export Control Act of 1949 (former sections 2021 to 2032 of the Appendix to this title) pursuant to section 10 of that Act (former section 2030 of the Appendix to this title). The act of Feb. 15, 1936 was subsequently superseded by the Export Administration Act of 1969 (former sections 2401 to 2413 of the Appendix to this title) pursuant to section 12 of that Act (former section 2411 of the Appendix to this title). See, also, the Export Administration Act of 1979, which is classified to section 2401 of the Appendix to this title. Section 86, act Feb. 15, 1936, ch. 74, Sec. 1, 49 Stat. 1140, related to conservation of domestic resources of tin. Section 87, act Feb. 15, 1936, ch. 74, Sec. 2, 49 Stat. 1140, related to prohibition of exportation except on license. Section 88, act Feb. 15, 1936, ch. 74, Sec. 3, 49 Stat. 1140, related to penalties for violations of sections 86 and 87 of this title. -End- -CITE- 50 USC SUBCHAPTER II - EDUCATION AND EXPERIMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF MUNITIONS AND MATERIALS FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER II - EDUCATION AND EXPERIMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF MUNITIONS AND MATERIALS FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER II - EDUCATION AND EXPERIMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF MUNITIONS AND MATERIALS FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 91 to 94 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER II - EDUCATION AND EXPERIMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF MUNITIONS AND MATERIALS FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE -HEAD- Secs. 91 to 94. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 91 to 94. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. Section 91, act June 16, 1938, ch. 458, Sec. 1, 52 Stat. 707, authorized Secretary of War to place educational orders for munitions of special or technical design. Section 92, act June 16, 1938, ch. 458, Sec. 2, 52 Stat. 708, related to production equipment. Section 93, act June 16, 1938, ch. 458, Sec. 3, 52 Stat. 708, placed certain limitations on number of orders. Section 94, acts June 16, 1938, ch. 458, Sec. 4, 52 Stat. 708; Apr. 3, 1939, ch. 35, Sec. 13, 53 Stat. 560, related to availability of appropriations for purposes of sections 91 to 94 of this title. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 95 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER II - EDUCATION AND EXPERIMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF MUNITIONS AND MATERIALS FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE -HEAD- Sec. 95. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Section, act June 30, 1938, ch. 852, 52 Stat. 1255, authorized an appropriation of $2,000,000 to remain until expended for purpose of rotary-wing and other aircraft research, development, procurement, experimentation, and operation for service testing. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 96 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER II - EDUCATION AND EXPERIMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF MUNITIONS AND MATERIALS FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE -HEAD- Sec. 96. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 96. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. Section, act July 15, 1939, ch. 283, 53 Stat. 1042, related to purchase by Secretary of War of equipment for experimental and test purposes. See section 2373 of Title 10, Armed Forces. -End- -CITE- 50 USC SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98. Short title -STATUTE- This subchapter may be cited as the "Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act". -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 1, as added Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 319.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 98, acts June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 1, 53 Stat. 811; July 23, 1946, ch. 590, 60 Stat. 596, related to declaration of Congressional policy in enacting this subchapter, prior to repeal by section 2(a) of Pub. L. 96-41. SHORT TITLE OF 1987 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100-180, div. C, title II, Sec. 3201, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1245, provided that: "This title [enacting section 98h-5 of this title, amending sections 98a, 98b, 98d, 98e-1, 98h, 98h-2, and 98h-4 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 98e-1 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'National Defense Stockpile Amendments of 1987'." SHORT TITLE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Section 1 of Pub. L. 96-41 provided: "That this Act [enacting this section and sections 98a to 98h-3 of this title, redesignating former section 98h-1 of this title as 98h-4 of this title, amending section 2093 of the Appendix to this title, sections 1743 and 1745 of Title 7, Agriculture, section 741b of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and section 485 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, enacting a provision set out as a note under this section, and repealing a provision set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Revision Act of 1979'." SHORT TITLE Act June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 11, formerly Sec. 10, as added by act July 23, 1946, ch. 590, 60 Stat. 596; renumbered Sec. 11, Pub. L. 92-156, title V, Sec. 503(1), Nov. 17, 1971, 85 Stat. 427, provided that this Act, which enacted this subchapter, be cited as the "Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act", prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(b)(2), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 324. NEW BUDGET AUTHORITY Section 4 of Pub. L. 96-41 provided that: "Any provision authorizing the enactment of new budget authority contained in the amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1979 Amendment note above] shall be effective on October 1, 1979." -EXEC- EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 12155 Ex. Ord. No. 12155, Sept. 10, 1979, 44 F.R. 53071, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12417, May 2, 1983, 48 F.R. 20035, which related to delegation of functions vested in President by Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act, as amended [50 U.S.C. 98 et seq.], to various Federal agencies and officials, was revoked by Pub. L. 100-180, div. C, title II, Sec. 3203(b), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1247, effective 30 days after Dec. 4, 1987. EX. ORD. NO. 12626. NATIONAL DEFENSE STOCKPILE MANAGER Ex. Ord. No. 12626, Feb. 25, 1988, 53 F.R. 6114, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98 et seq.), as amended, section 3203 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1988 (Public Law 100-180) [amending section 98e-1 of this title and enacting a provision set out as a note under section 98e-1 of this title], and section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. The Secretary of Defense is designated National Defense Stockpile Manager. The functions vested in the President by the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act [50 U.S.C. 98 et seq.], except the functions vested in the President by sections 7, 8, and 13 of the Act [50 U.S.C. 98f, 98g, 98h-4], are delegated to the Secretary of Defense. The functions vested in the President by section 8(a) of the Act [50 U.S.C. 98g(a)] are delegated to the Secretary of the Interior. The functions vested in the President by section 8(b) of the Act [50 U.S.C. 98g(b)] are delegated to the Secretary of Agriculture. Sec. 2. The functions vested in the President by section 4(h) of the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act, as amended (15 U.S.C. 714b(h)), are delegated to the Secretary of Defense. Sec. 3. The functions vested in the President by section 204(f) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended (40 U.S.C. 485(f)) [now 40 U.S.C. 574(d)], are delegated to the Secretary of Defense. Sec. 4. In executing the functions delegated to him by this Order, the Secretary of Defense may delegate such functions as he may deem appropriate, subject to his direction. The Secretary shall consult with the heads of affected agencies in performing the functions delegated to him by this Order. Ronald Reagan. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98a 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98a. Congressional findings and declaration of purpose -STATUTE- (a) The Congress finds that the natural resources of the United States in certain strategic and critical materials are deficient or insufficiently developed to supply the military, industrial, and essential civilian needs of the United States for national defense. (b) It is the purpose of this subchapter to provide for the acquisition and retention of stocks of certain strategic and critical materials and to encourage the conservation and development of sources of such materials within the United States and thereby to decrease and to preclude, when possible, a dangerous and costly dependence by the United States upon foreign sources for supplies of such materials in times of national emergency. (c) The purpose of the National Defense Stockpile is to serve the interest of national defense only. The National Defense Stockpile is not to be used for economic or budgetary purposes. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 2, as added Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 319; amended Pub. L. 100-180, div. C, title II, Sec. 3202(b), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1245; Pub. L. 103-160, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3311, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1961; Pub. L. 104-201, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3311(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2857.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 98a, acts June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 2, 53 Stat. 811; July 23, 1946, ch. 590, 60 Stat. 596; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 3, Sec. 2(b), eff. June 12, 1953, 18 F.R. 3375, 67 Stat. 634; 1958 Reorg. Plan No. 1, Sec. 2, eff. July 1, 1958, 23 F.R. 4991, 72 Stat. 1799; Oct. 21, 1968, Pub. L. 90-608, Sec. 402, 82 Stat. 1194; Ex. Ord. No. 11725, Sec. 3, eff. June 29, 1973, 38 F.R. 17175, related to determination of strategic and critical materials, the quantity and quality to be purchased, formation and functions of industry advisory committees, and the subsistence and traveling expenses of members of those committees, prior to repeal by section 2(a) of Pub. L. 96-41. Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in former section 98 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96-41. AMENDMENTS 1996 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104-201 added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "In providing for the National Defense Stockpile under this subchapter, Congress establishes the following principles: "(1) The purpose of the National Defense Stockpile is to serve the interest of national defense only. The National Defense Stockpile is not to be used for economic or budgetary purposes. "(2) Before October 1, 1994, the quantities of materials stockpiled under this subchapter should be sufficient to sustain the United States for a period of not less than three years during a national emergency situation that would necessitate total mobilization of the economy of the United States for a sustained conventional global war of indefinite duration. "(3) On and after October 1, 1994, the quantities of materials stockpiled under this subchapter should be sufficient to meet the needs of the United States during a period of a national emergency that would necessitate an expansion of the Armed Forces together with a significant mobilization of the economy of the United States under planning guidance issued by the Secretary of Defense." 1993 - Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 103-160, Sec. 3311(1), substituted "Before October 1, 1994, the quantities" for "The quantities". Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 103-160, Sec. 3311(2), added par. (3). 1987 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100-180 added subsec. (c). EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Section 3311(c) of Pub. L. 104-201 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 98h-5 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 1996." -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98b 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98b. National Defense Stockpile -STATUTE- (a) Determination of materials; quantities Subject to subsection (c) of this section, the President shall determine from time to time (1) which materials are strategic and critical materials for the purposes of this subchapter, and (2) the quality and quantity of each such material to be acquired for the purposes of this subchapter and the form in which each such material shall be acquired and stored. Such materials when acquired, together with the other materials described in section 98c of this title, shall constitute and be collectively known as the National Defense Stockpile (hereinafter in this subchapter referred to as the "stockpile"). (b) Guidelines for exercise of Presidential authority The President shall make the determinations required to be made under subsection (a) of this section on the basis of the principles stated in section 98a(c) of this title. (c) Quantity change; notification to Congress (1) The quantity of any material to be stockpiled under this subchapter, as in effect on September 30, 1987, may be changed only as provided in this subsection or as otherwise provided by law enacted after December 4, 1987. (2) The President shall notify Congress in writing of any change proposed to be made in the quantity of any material to be stockpiled. The President may make the change after the end of the 45-day period beginning on the date of the notification. The President shall include a full explanation and justification for the proposed change with the notification. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 3, as added Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 319; amended Pub. L. 100-180, div. C, title II, Sec. 3202(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1245; Pub. L. 100-456, div. A, title XII, Sec. 1233(b)(2), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2057; Pub. L. 102-484, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3311, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2653; Pub. L. 104-201, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3312(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2857.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 98b, acts June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 3, 53 Stat. 811; July 23, 1946, ch. 590, 60 Stat. 597; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, title I, Secs. 102, 121, 60 Stat. 815, 822; June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title I, Sec. 102(a), 63 Stat. 380; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 3, Sec. 2(b), eff. June 12, 1953, 18 F.R. 3375, 67 Stat. 634; 1958 Reorg. Plan No. 1, Sec. 2, eff. July 1, 1958, 23 F.R. 4991, 72 Stat. 1799; Oct. 21, 1968, Pub. L. 90-608, Sec. 402, 82 Stat. 1194; Ex. Ord. No. 11725, Sec. 3, eff. June 29, 1973, 38 F.R. 17175, related to purchase, storage, refinement, rotation, and disposal of materials, prior to repeal by section 2(a) of Pub. L. 96-41. See section 98e of this title. Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in former section 98a of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96-41. AMENDMENTS 1996 - Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 104-201 substituted "after the end of the 45-day period beginning on" for "effective on or after the 30th legislative day following" and struck out at end "For purposes of this paragraph, a legislative day is a day on which both Houses of Congress are in session." 1992 - Subsec. (c)(2) to (5). Pub. L. 102-484 added par. (2) and struck out former pars. (2) to (5) which read as follows: "(2) If the President proposes to change the quantity of any material to be stockpiled under this subchapter, the President shall include a full explanation and justification for the change in the next annual material plan submitted to Congress under section 98h-2(b) of this title. "(3) If the proposed change in the case of any material would result in a new requirement for the quantity of such material different from the requirement for that material in effect on September 30, 1987, by less than 10 percent, the change may be made by the President effective on or after the first day of the first fiscal year beginning after the explanation and justification for the proposed change is submitted pursuant to paragraph (2). "(4) In the case of a proposed change not covered by paragraph (3), the proposed change may be made only to the extent expressly authorized by law. "(5) If in any year the reports required by sections 98h-2(b) and 98h-5 of this title are not submitted to Congress as required by law (including the time for such submission), then during the next fiscal year no change under paragraph (3) may be made in the quantity of any material to be stockpiled under this subchapter." 1988 - Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 100-456 substituted "December 4, 1987" for "the date of the enactment of the National Defense Stockpile Amendments of 1987", which for purposes of codification had been translated as "December 4, 1987", thus requiring no change in text. 1987 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100-180, Sec. 3202(a)(1), substituted "Subject to subsection (c) of this section, the" for "The". Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100-180, Sec. 3202(a)(2), substituted "the principles stated in section 98a(c) of this title." for "the following principles:" and struck out cls. (1) and (2) which related to purpose of National Defense Stockpile and quantities of materials stockpiled. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100-180, Sec. 3202(a)(3), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "The quantity of any material to be stockpiled under this subchapter, as determined under subsection (a) of this section, may not be revised unless the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives are notified in writing of the proposed revision and the reasons for such revision at least thirty days before the effective date of such revision." -TRANS- DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of the President under this section were delegated to the Secretary of Defense by section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 12636, Feb. 25, 1988, 53 F.R. 6114, set out under section 98 of this title. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98c 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98c. Materials constituting the National Defense Stockpile -STATUTE- (a) Contents The stockpile consists of the following materials: (1) Materials acquired under this subchapter and contained in the national stockpile on July 29, 1979. (2) Materials acquired under this subchapter after July 29, 1979. (3) Materials in the supplemental stockpile established by section 1704(b) of title 7 (as in effect from September 21, 1959, through December 31, 1966) on July 29, 1979. (4) Materials acquired by the United States under the provisions of section 2093 of the Appendix to this title and transferred to the stockpile by the President pursuant to subsection (f) of such section. (5) Materials transferred to the United States under section 2423 of title 22 that have been determined to be strategic and critical materials for the purposes of this subchapter and that are allocated by the President under subsection (b) of such section for stockpiling in the stockpile. (6) Materials acquired by the Commodity Credit Corporation and transferred to the stockpile under section 714b(h) of title 15. (7) Materials acquired by the Commodity Credit Corporation under paragraph (2) of section 1743(a) of title 7, and transferred to the stockpile under the third sentence of such section. (8) Materials transferred to the stockpile by the President under paragraph (4) of section 1743(a) of title 7. (9) Materials transferred to the stockpile under subsection (b) of this section. (10) Materials transferred to the stockpile under subsection (c) of this section. (b) Transfer and reimbursement Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any material that (1) is under the control of any department or agency of the United States, (2) is determined by the head of such department or agency to be excess to its needs and responsibilities, and (3) is required for the stockpile shall be transferred to the stockpile. Any such transfer shall be made without reimbursement to such department or agency, but all costs required to effect such transfer shall be paid or reimbursed from funds appropriated to carry out this subchapter. (c) Transfer and disposal (1) The Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall transfer to the stockpile for disposal in accordance with this subchapter uncontaminated materials that are in the Department of Energy inventory of materials for the production of defense-related items, are excess to the requirements of the Department for that purpose, and are suitable for transfer to the stockpile and disposal through the stockpile. (2) The Secretary of Defense shall determine whether materials are suitable for transfer to the stockpile under this subsection, are suitable for disposal through the stockpile, and are uncontaminated. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 4, as added Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 320; amended Pub. L. 99-661, div. C, title II, Sec. 3207(a)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4069; Pub. L. 104- 106, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3311, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 630.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 1704(b) of title 7, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), was amended generally by Pub. L. 101-624, title XV, Sec. 1512, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3635, and, as so amended, no longer contains provisions relating to a supplemental stockpile. -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 98c, acts June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 4, 53 Stat. 811; July 23, 1946, ch. 590, 60 Stat. 598; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 3, Sec. 2(b), eff. June 12, 1953, 18 F.R. 3375, 67 Stat. 634; 1958 Reorg. Plan No. 1, Sec. 2, eff. July 1, 1958, 23 F.R. 4991, 72 Stat. 1799; Oct. 21, 1968, Pub. L. 90-608, Sec. 402, 82 Stat. 1194; Ex. Ord. No. 11725, Sec. 3, eff. June 29, 1973, 38 F.R. 17175; Apr. 21, 1976, Pub. L. 94-273, Sec. 37, 90 Stat. 380, required reports to Congress, prior to repeal by section 2(a) of Pub. L. 96-41. See section 98h-2 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1996 - Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 104-106, Sec. 3311(b), added par. (10). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104-106, Sec. 3311(a), added subsec. (c). 1986 - Pub. L. 99-661 substituted "on July 29, 1979" for "on the day before the date of the date of enactment of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Revision Act of 1979" in pars. (1) and (3), and "after July 29, 1979" for "on or after the date of the enactment of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Revision Act of 1979" in par. (2). CLARIFICATION OF STOCKPILE STATUS OF CERTAIN MATERIALS Pub. L. 102-484, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3315, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2654, as amended by Pub. L. 103-337, div. A, title X, Sec. 1070(c)(4), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2858, provided that: "All materials purchased under section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2093) and held in the Defense Production Act inventory as of June 30, 1992, are hereby transferred to the National Defense Stockpile and shall be managed, controlled, and subject to disposal by the National Defense Stockpile Manager as provided in the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98a et seq.) [50 U.S.C. 98 et seq.]." -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98d 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98d. Authority for stockpile operations -STATUTE- (a) Funds appropriated for acquisitions; proposed stockpile transactions; significant changes therein (1) Except for acquisitions made under the authority of paragraph (3) or (4) of section 98e(a) of this title, no funds may be obligated or appropriated for acquisition of any material under this subchapter unless funds for such acquisition have been authorized by law. Funds appropriated for such acquisition (and for transportation and other incidental expenses related to such acquisition) shall remain available until expended, unless otherwise provided in appropriation Acts. (2) If for any fiscal year the President proposes certain stockpile transactions in the annual materials plan submitted to Congress for that year under section 98h-2(b) of this title and after that plan is submitted the President proposes (or Congress requires) a significant change in any such transaction, or a significant transaction not included in such plan, no amount may be obligated or expended for such transaction during such year until the President has submitted a full statement of the proposed transaction to the appropriate committees of Congress and a period of 45 days has passed from the date of the receipt of such statement by such committees. (b) Disposal Except for disposals made under the authority of paragraph (3), (4), or (5) of section 98e(a) of this title or under section 98f(a) of this title, no disposal may be made from the stockpile unless such disposal, including the quantity of the material to be disposed of, has been specifically authorized by law. (c) Authorization of appropriations There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to provide for the transportation, processing, refining, storage, security, maintenance, rotation, and disposal of materials contained in or acquired for the stockpile. Funds appropriated for such purposes shall remain available to carry out the purposes for which appropriated for a period of two fiscal years, if so provided in appropriation Acts. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 5, as added Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 321; amended Pub. L. 97-35, title II, Sec. 203(a), (b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 381, 382; Pub. L. 98-525, title IX, Sec. 903, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2573; Pub. L. 99-661, div. C, title II, Sec. 3207(a)(2), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4069; Pub. L. 100-180, div. C, title II, Sec. 3206(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1247; Pub. L. 102-484, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3312, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2653; Pub. L. 103-160, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3312, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1962.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 98d, acts June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 5, 53 Stat. 812; July 23, 1946, ch. 590, 60 Stat. 598, related to release of stock pile materials, prior to repeal by section 2(a) of Pub. L. 96- 41. See section 98f of this title. Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in former sections 98b and 98g of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96-41. AMENDMENTS 1993 - Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103-160 substituted "and a period of 45 days has passed from the date of the receipt of such statement by such committees." for "and a period of 30 days has passed from the date of the receipt of such statement by such committees. In computing any 30-day period for the purpose of the preceding sentence, there shall be excluded any day on which either House of Congress is not in session because of an adjournment of more than three days to a day certain." 1992 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102-484 struck out "(1)" after "the stockpile" and ", or (2) if the disposal would result in there being an unobligated balance in the National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund in excess of $100,000,000" after "authorized by law". 1987 - Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100-180 struck out "or until each such committee, before the expiration of such period, notifies the President that it has no objection to the proposed transaction" before period at end of first sentence. 1986 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99-661 substituted "paragraph (3), (4), or (5)" for "paragraph (4) or (5)". 1984 - Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98-525, Sec. 903(b), substituted "$100,000,000" for "$250,000,000". Pub. L. 98-525, Sec. 903(a), substituted "an unobligated balance" for "a balance" where first appearing and "$250,000,000" for "$1,000,000,000 or, in the case of a disposal to be made after September 30, 1983, if the disposal would result in there being a balance in the fund in excess of $500,000,000". 1981 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97-35, Sec. 203(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted applicability to other incidental expenses, substituted "until expended, unless otherwise" for "for a period of five fiscal years, if so", and added par. (2). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97-35, Sec. 203(b), inserted designation for cl. (1) and added cl. (2). EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT Section 903(b) of Pub. L. 98-525, as amended by Pub. L. 99-145, title XVI, Sec. 1611(b), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 776, provided in part that the amendment by section 903(b) of Pub. L. 98-525, is effective Oct. 1, 1987. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1981 AMENDMENT Section 203(f) of Pub. L. 97-35 provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to funds appropriated for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1981." -TRANS- DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under this section delegated to Secretary of Defense by section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 12636, Feb. 25, 1988, 53 F.R. 6114, set out under section 98 of this title. -MISC2- PROHIBITION OF REDUCTIONS IN STOCKPILE GOALS Pub. L. 99-145, title XVI, Sec. 1612, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 776, as amended by Pub. L. 99-661, div. C, title II, Sec. 3201, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4067, prohibited action before Oct. 1, 1987, to implement or administer any change in a stockpile goal in effect on Oct. 1, 1984, that would result in a reduction in the quality or quantity of any strategic and critical material acquired for the National Defense Stockpile. MATERIALS IN THE NATIONAL DEFENSE STOCKPILE Provisions relating to certain materials in the National Defense Stockpile were contained in the following acts: Pub. L. 109-163, div. C, title XXXIII, Secs. 3303, 3304, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3546. Pub. L. 108-375, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3303, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2193. Pub. L. 107-107, div. C, title XXXIII, Secs. 3301, 3303, 3306(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1388, 1389, 1391. Pub. L. 106-398, Sec. 1 [div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3303], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-483. Pub. L. 106-65, div. C, title XXXIV, Sec. 3402(a)-(e), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 972, 973; Pub. L. 108-136, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3302, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1788; Pub. L. 109-163, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3302(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3546. Pub. L. 106-31, title I, Sec. 303, May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 67. Pub. L. 105-262, title VIII, Sec. 8109, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2322. Pub. L. 105-261, div. C, title XXXIII, Secs. 3301, 3303, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2262, 2263; Pub. L. 106-65, div. C, title XXXIV, Sec. 3403(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 973; Pub. L. 106-398, Sec. 1 [div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3302], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-483; Pub. L. 107-107, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3304(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1390; Pub. L. 108-375, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3302, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2193; Pub. L. 109-163, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3302(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3545; Pub. L. 109-364, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3302(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2513. Pub. L. 105-85, div. A, title XXXIII, Secs. 3301, 3303-3305, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2056, 2057; Pub. L. 106-65, div. C, title XXXIV, Secs. 3402(f)(2), 3403(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 973; Pub. L. 107-107, div. C, title XXXIII, Secs. 3304(b), 3305, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1390; Pub. L. 109-364, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3302(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2513. Pub. L. 104-201, div. C, title XXXIII, Secs. 3301, 3303, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2854, 2855; Pub. L. 106-65, div. C, title XXXIV, Secs. 3402(f)(1), 3403(c), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 973, 974; Pub. L. 107-107, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3304(c), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1390; Pub. L. 109-364, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3302(c), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2513. Pub. L. 103-337, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3304, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3098. Pub. L. 103-160, div. C, title XXXIII, Secs. 3301, 3303(a), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1960, 1961. Pub. L. 102-484, div. C, title XXXIII, Secs. 3301-3303, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2649-2651; Pub. L. 103-160, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3303(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1961; Pub. L. 103-337, div. A, title X, Sec. 1070(c)(3), div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3303, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2858, 3098. Pub. L. 102-190, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3301, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1583; Pub. L. 102-484, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3308, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2653. Pub. L. 102-172, title VIII, Sec. 8094, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1196. Pub. L. 101-189, div. C, title XXXIII, Secs. 3301, 3302, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1685. Pub. L. 100-456, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1501, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2085. Pub. L. 99-661, div. C, title II, Secs. 3204, 3205, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4068. Pub. L. 99-591, Sec. 101(c) [title IX, Sec. 9110], (m) [title V, Sec. 519], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-82, 3341-120, 3341-308, 3341-326. Pub. L. 99-500, Sec. 101(c) [title IX, Sec. 9110], (m) [title V, Sec. 519], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783-82, 1783-120, 1783-308, 1783-326. Pub. L. 98-525, title IX, Secs. 901, 902, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2573. Pub. L. 97-377, title I, Sec. 101(c) [title VII, Sec. 799B], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1866. Pub. L. 97-114, title VII, Sec. 788, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1592. Pub. L. 97-35, title II, Sec. 201, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 380. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS Section 202 of Pub. L. 97-35 provided that: "(a) Effective on October 1, 1981, there is authorized to be appropriated the sum of $535,000,000 for the acquisition of strategic and critical materials under section 6(a) of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98e(a)). "(b) Any acquisition using funds appropriated under the authorization of subsection (a) shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98 et seq.)." DISPOSAL OF GOVERNMENT-OWNED TIN SMELTER AT TEXAS CITY, TEXAS Act June 22, 1956, ch. 426, 70 Stat. 329, directed Federal Facilities Corporation immediately to sell or lease Government- owned tin smelter at Texas City, Texas, and waste acid plant and other assets of Government's tin program, prescribed corporate powers of Corporation in regard to sale or lease, established a Tin Advisory Committee to consult with Corporation, established periods for receipt and negotiation of purchase proposals, and provided that if no contract for sale or lease was effected prior to Jan. 31, 1957, then smelter and other assets be reported as excess property for transfer and disposal in accordance with provisions of Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949. -TRANS- MAINTENANCE OF DOMESTIC TIN-SMELTING INDUSTRY; TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS, ETC. Act June 28, 1947, ch. 159, 61 Stat. 190, as amended June 29, 1948, ch. 722, 62 Stat. 1101; June 30, 1949, ch. 284, 63 Stat. 350; Aug. 21, 1950, ch. 766, 64 Stat. 468; July 30, 1953, ch. 282, title I, Sec. 103, 67 Stat. 230; June 22, 1956, ch. 426, Sec. 5(a), 70 Stat. 329, declared tin to be a highly strategic and critical material in short supply, directed that it was in the public interest that Congress make a thorough investigation on the advisability of the maintenance of a permanent tin-smelting industry and study the availability of adequate tin supplies, provided that the powers, functions, duties, and authority of the United States exercised by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to buy, sell, and transport tin, and tin ore and concentrates, to improve, develop, maintain, and operate by lease or otherwise the Government-owned tin smelter at Texas City, Texas, to finance research in tin smelting and processing, and to do all other things necessary to the accomplishment of the foregoing continue in effect until Jan. 31, 1957, or until such earlier time as the Congress shall otherwise provide, and be exercised and performed by such officer, agency, or instrumentality of the United States as the President may designate, authorized diversification of tin-recovery facilities in the United States, and required the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to report to Congress on its activities not later than Dec. 31, 1947, and at the end of each six months thereafter. FEDERAL FACILITIES CORPORATION; ABOLITION AND DISSOLUTION OF RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION AND FEDERAL FACILITIES CORPORATION Ex. Ord. No. 10539, eff. June 22, 1954, 19 F.R. 3827, designated the Federal Facilities Corporation to perform and exercise the functions formerly performed and exercised by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation under act June 28, 1947, set out as a note above. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which was created by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act, act Jan. 22, 1932, ch. 8, 47 Stat. 5, was subsequently abolished by section 6(a) of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1957, eff. June 30, 1957, 22 F.R. 4633, 71 Stat. 647, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. The Federal Facilities Corporation was, in turn, dissolved by Pub. L. 87-190, Sec. 6, Aug. 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 419, effective Sept. 30, 1961, set out as a note under sections 1921 to 1929 of the Appendix to this title. -MISC3- DISPOSAL OF GOVERNMENT-OWNED TIN SMELTER AT TEXAS CITY, TEXAS; CANCELLATION OF OBLIGATIONS Cancellation of obligation of General Services Administration to Federal Facilities Corporation existing by virtue of section 5(b) of act June 22, 1956, set out as a note above, see section 4(b) of Pub. L. 87-190, Aug. 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 418, set out as a note under sections 1921 to 1929 of the Appendix to this title. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98e 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98e. Stockpile management -STATUTE- (a) Presidential powers The President shall - (1) acquire the materials determined under section 98b(a) of this title to be strategic and critical materials; (2) provide for the proper storage, security, and maintenance of materials in the stockpile; (3) provide for the upgrading, refining, or processing of any material in the stockpile (notwithstanding any intermediate stockpile quantity established for such material) when necessary to convert such material into a form more suitable for storage, subsequent disposition, and immediate use in a national emergency; (4) provide for the rotation of any material in the stockpile when necessary to prevent deterioration or technological obsolescence of such material by replacement of such material with an equivalent quantity of substantially the same material or better material; (5) subject to the notification required by subsection (d)(2) of this section, provide for the timely disposal of materials in the stockpile that (A) are excess to stockpile requirements, and (B) may cause a loss to the Government if allowed to deteriorate; and (6) subject to the provisions of section 98d(b) of this title, dispose of materials in the stockpile the disposal of which is specifically authorized by law. (b) Federal procurement practices Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this section, acquisition of strategic and critical materials under this subchapter shall be made in accordance with established Federal procurement practices, and, except as provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this section and in section 98f(a) of this title, disposal of strategic and critical materials from the stockpile shall be made in accordance with the next sentence. To the maximum extent feasible - (1) competitive procedures shall be used in the acquisition and disposal of such materials; and (2) efforts shall be made in the acquisition and disposal of such materials to avoid undue disruption of the usual markets of producers, processors, and consumers of such materials and to protect the United States against avoidable loss. (c) Barter; use of stockpile materials as payment for expenses of acquiring, refining, processing, or rotating materials (1) The President shall encourage the use of barter in the acquisition under subsection (a)(1) of this section of strategic and critical materials for, and the disposal under subsection (a)(5) or (a)(6) of this section of materials from, the stockpile when acquisition or disposal by barter is authorized by law and is practical and in the best interest of the United States. (2) Materials in the stockpile (the disposition of which is authorized by paragraph (3) to finance the upgrading, refining, or processing of a material in the stockpile, or is otherwise authorized by law) shall be available for transfer at fair market value as payment for expenses (including transportation and other incidental expenses) of acquisition of materials, or of upgrading, refining, processing, or rotating materials, under this subchapter. (3) Notwithstanding section 98b(c) of this title or any other provision of law, whenever the President provides under subsection (a)(3) of this section for the upgrading, refining, or processing of a material in the stockpile to convert that material into a form more suitable for storage, subsequent disposition, and immediate use in a national emergency, the President may barter a portion of the same material (or any other material in the stockpile that is authorized for disposal) to finance that upgrading, refining, or processing. (4) To the extent otherwise authorized by law, property owned by the United States may be bartered for materials needed for the stockpile. (d) Waiver; notification of proposed disposal of materials (1) The President may waive the applicability of any provision of the first sentence of subsection (b) of this section to any acquisition of material for, or disposal of material from, the stockpile. Whenever the President waives any such provision with respect to any such acquisition or disposal, or whenever the President determines that the application of paragraph (1) or (2) of such subsection to a particular acquisition or disposal is not feasible, the President shall notify the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives in writing of the proposed acquisition or disposal at least 45 days before any obligation of the United States is incurred in connection with such acquisition or disposal and shall include in such notification the reasons for not complying with any provision of such subsection. (2) Materials in the stockpile may be disposed of under subsection (a)(5) of this section only if such congressional committees are notified in writing of the proposed disposal at least 45 days before any obligation of the United States is incurred in connection with such disposal. (e) Leasehold interests in property The President may acquire leasehold interests in property, for periods not in excess of twenty years, for storage, security, and maintenance of materials in the stockpile. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 6, as added Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 321; amended Pub. L. 97-35, title II, Sec. 203(c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 99-661, div. C, title II, Sec. 3207(b), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4069; Pub. L. 101-189, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3314, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1688; Pub. L. 101-510, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3301(a), (b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1844; Pub. L. 102-190, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3312, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1584; Pub. L. 103-337, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3302, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3098; Pub. L. 104-106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1502(e)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 509; Pub. L. 104-201, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3312(b), (c), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2857; Pub. L. 105-85, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3306, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2058; Pub. L. 106-65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(13), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 775.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 98e, acts June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 6, 53 Stat. 812; May 28, 1941, ch. 135, 55 Stat. 206; July 23, 1946, ch. 590, 60 Stat. 598; Ex. Ord. No. 9809, eff. Dec. 12, 1946, 11 F.R. 14281; Ex. Ord. No. 9841, eff. Apr. 23, 1947, 12 F.R. 2645; June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title I, Sec. 105, 63 Stat. 381; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 3, Sec. 2(b), eff. June 12, 1953, 18 F.R. 3375, 67 Stat. 634; 1958 Reorg. Plan No. 1, Sec. 2, eff. July 1, 1958, 23 F.R. 4991, 72 Stat. 1799; Oct. 21, 1968, Pub. L. 90-608, Sec. 402, 82 Stat. 1194; Ex. Ord. No. 11725, Sec. 3, eff. June 29, 1973, 38 F.R. 17175, related to transfer of surplus materials to stock piles, prior to repeal by section 2(a) of Pub. L. 96-41. See section 98c(b) of this title. Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in former section 98b of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96-41. AMENDMENTS 1999 - Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 106-65 substituted "and the Committee on Armed Services" for "and the Committee on National Security". 1997 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105-85, in first sentence, substituted "strategic and critical materials from the stockpile shall be made in accordance with the next sentence" for "materials from the stockpile shall be made by formal advertising or competitive negotiation procedures". 1996 - Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 104-201, Sec. 3312(b), substituted "45 days" for "thirty days". Pub. L. 104-106, Sec. 1502(e)(1)(A), substituted "Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on National Security of the House of Representatives" for "Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives". Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 104-201, Sec. 3312(c), substituted "45 days" for "thirty days". Pub. L. 104-106, Sec. 1502(e)(1)(B), substituted "such congressional committees" for "the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives". 1994 - Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 103-337 inserted "or technological obsolescence" after "deterioration". 1991 - Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 102-190 inserted before semicolon "or better material". 1990 - Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101-510, Sec. 3301(b)(1), substituted "upgrading, refining," for "refining", inserted "(notwithstanding any intermediate stockpile quantity established for such material)" after "stockpile", and substituted "storage, subsequent disposition, and immediate use in a national emergency" for "storage and subsequent disposition". Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101-510, Sec. 3301(b)(2), inserted "under subsection (a)(1) of this section" after "the acquisition" and "under subsection (a)(5) or (a)(6) of this section" after "the disposal". Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 101-510, Sec. 3301(b)(3), substituted "(the disposition of which is authorized by paragraph (3) to finance the upgrading, refining, or processing of a material in the stockpile, or is otherwise authorized by law)" for ", the disposition of which is authorized by law," and "of upgrading, refining" for "of refining". Subsec. (c)(3), (4). Pub. L. 101-510, Sec. 3301(a), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4). 1989 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-189, Sec. 3314(1), inserted "and" at end of par. (1), substituted a period for "; and" at end of par. (2), and struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "disposal of such materials shall be made for domestic consumption." Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 101-189, Sec. 3314(2), substituted "paragraph (1) or (2)" for "paragraph (1), (2), or (3)". 1986 - Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 99-661 substituted "a form more" for "the form most". 1981 - Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 97-35 inserted reference to section 98d(b) of this title. -TRANS- DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under this section delegated to Secretary of Defense by section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 12636, Feb. 25, 1988, 53 F.R. 6114, set out under section 98 of this title. -MISC2- ACQUISITION OF DEPLETED URANIUM FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE STOCKPILE Pub. L. 101-511, title VIII, Sec. 8095, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1896, directed President, using funds available in National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund, to acquire over a period of ten years from current domestic sources not less than thirty-six million pounds of depleted uranium to be held in National Defense Stockpile, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102-172, title VIII, Sec. 8027A, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1177. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98e-1 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98e-1. Transferred -COD- CODIFICATION Section, act June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 6A, as added Nov. 14, 1986, Pub. L. 99-661, div. C, title II, Sec. 3202(a), 100 Stat. 4067; amended Dec. 4, 1987, Pub. L. 100-180, div. C, title II, Sec. 3203(a), 101 Stat. 1246, which related to National Defense Stockpile Manager, was transferred to section 98h-7 of this title. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98f 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98f. Special Presidential disposal authority -STATUTE- (a) Materials in the stockpile may be released for use, sale, or other disposition - (1) on the order of the President, at any time the President determines the release of such materials is required for purposes of the national defense; and (2) in time of war declared by the Congress or during a national emergency, on the order of any officer or employee of the United States designated by the President to have authority to issue disposal orders under this subsection, if such officer or employee determines that the release of such materials is required for purposes of the national defense. (b) Any order issued under subsection (a) of this section shall be promptly reported by the President, or by the officer or employee issuing such order, in writing, to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 7, as added Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 322; amended Pub. L. 104-106, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1502(e)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 509; Pub. L. 106-65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(13), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 775.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 98f, acts June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 7, 53 Stat. 812; July 23, 1946, ch. 590, 60 Stat. 599, related to investigations of domestic ores, minerals, and agriculture resources for purposes of development, etc., prior to repeal by section 2(a) of Pub. L. 96-41. Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in former section 98d of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96-41. AMENDMENTS 1999 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106-65 substituted "and the Committee on Armed Services" for "and the Committee on National Security". 1996 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-106 substituted "Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on National Security of the House of Representatives" for "Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives". -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98g 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98g. Materials development and research -STATUTE- (a) Development, mining, preparation, treatment, and utilization of ores and other mineral substances (1) The President shall make scientific, technologic, and economic investigations concerning the development, mining, preparation, treatment, and utilization of ores and other mineral substances that (A) are found in the United States, or in its territories or possessions, (B) are essential to the national defense, industrial, and essential civilian needs of the United States, and (C) are found in known domestic sources in inadequate quantities or grades. (2) Such investigations shall be carried out in order to - (A) determine and develop new domestic sources of supply of such ores and mineral substances; (B) devise new methods for the treatment and utilization of lower grade reserves of such ores and mineral substances; and (C) develop substitutes for such essential ores and mineral products. (3) Investigations under paragraph (1) may be carried out on public lands and, with the consent of the owner, on privately owned lands for the purpose of exploring and determining the extent and quality of deposits of such minerals, the most suitable methods of mining and beneficiating such minerals, and the cost at which the minerals or metals may be produced. (b) Development of sources of supplies of agricultural materials; use of agricultural commodities for manufacture of materials The President shall make scientific, technologic, and economic investigations of the feasibility of developing domestic sources of supplies of any agricultural material or for using agricultural commodities for the manufacture of any material determined pursuant to section 98b(a) of this title to be a strategic and critical material or substitutes therefor. (c) Development of sources of supply of other materials; development or use of alternative methods for refining or processing materials in stockpile The President shall make scientific, technologic, and economic investigations concerning the feasibility of - (1) developing domestic sources of supply of materials (other than materials referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of this section) determined pursuant to section 98b(a) of this title to be strategic and critical materials; and (2) developing or using alternative methods for the refining or processing of a material in the stockpile so as to convert such material into a form more suitable for use during an emergency or for storage. (d) Grants and contracts to encourage conservation of strategic and critical materials The President shall encourage the conservation of domestic sources of any material determined pursuant to section 98b(a) of this title to be a strategic and critical material by making grants or awarding contracts for research regarding the development of - (1) substitutes for such material; or (2) more efficient methods of production or use of such material. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 8, as added Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 322; amended Pub. L. 101-189, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3311, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1686.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 98g, act June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 8, as added July 23, 1946, ch. 590, 60 Stat. 600; amended 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 3, Sec. 2(b), eff. June 12, 1953, 18 F.R. 3375, 67 Stat. 634; 1958 Reorg. Plan No. 1, Sec. 2, eff. July 1, 1958, 23 F.R. 4991, 72 Stat. 1799; Oct. 21, 1968, Pub. L. 90-608, Sec. 402, 82 Stat. 1194; Ex. Ord. No. 11725, Sec. 3, eff. June 29, 1973, 38 F.R. 17175, authorized appropriations for procurement, transportation, maintenance, rotation, storage, and refining or processing of materials acquired under this subchapter, prior to repeal by section 2(a) of Pub. L. 96-41. See section 98d(c) of this title. Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in former section 98f of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96-41. AMENDMENTS 1989 - Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 101-189 added subsecs. (c) and (d). -TRANS- DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under subsec. (a) of this section delegated to Secretary of the Interior and functions of President under subsec. (b) of this section delegated to Secretary of Agriculture by section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 12636, Feb. 25, 1988, 53 F.R. 6114, set out under section 98 of this title. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98h 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98h. National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund -STATUTE- (a) Establishment There is established in the Treasury of the United States a separate fund to be known as the National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "fund"). (b) Fund operations (1) All moneys received from the sale of materials in the stockpile under paragraphs (5) and (6) of section 98e(a) of this title shall be covered into the fund. (2) Subject to section 98d(a)(1) of this title, moneys covered into the fund under paragraph (1) are hereby made available (subject to such limitations as may be provided in appropriation Acts) for the following purposes: (A) The acquisition, maintenance, and disposal of strategic and critical materials under section 98e(a) of this title. (B) Transportation, storage, and other incidental expenses related to such acquisition, maintenance, and disposal. (C) Development of current specifications of stockpile materials and the upgrading of existing stockpile materials to meet current specifications (including transportation, when economical, related to such upgrading). (D) Testing and quality studies of stockpile materials. (E) Studying future material and mobilization requirements for the stockpile. (F) Activities authorized under section 98h-6 of this title. (G) Contracting under competitive procedures for materials development and research to - (i) improve the quality and availability of materials stockpiled from time to time in the stockpile; and (ii) develop new materials for the stockpile. (H) Improvement or rehabilitation of facilities, structures, and infrastructure needed to maintain the integrity of stockpile materials. (I) Disposal of hazardous materials that are stored in the stockpile and authorized for disposal by law. (J) Performance of environmental remediation, restoration, waste management, or compliance activities at locations of the stockpile that are required under a Federal law or are undertaken by the Government under an administrative decision or negotiated agreement. (K) Pay of employees of the National Defense Stockpile program. (L) Other expenses of the National Defense Stockpile program. (3) Moneys in the fund shall remain available until expended. (c) Moneys received from sale of materials being rotated or disposed of All moneys received from the sale of materials being rotated under the provisions of section 98e(a)(4) of this title or disposed of under section 98f(a) of this title shall be covered into the fund and shall be available only for the acquisition of replacement materials. (d) Effect of bartering If, during a fiscal year, the National Defense Stockpile Manager barters materials in the stockpile for the purpose of acquiring, upgrading, refining, or processing other materials (or for services directly related to that purpose), the contract value of the materials so bartered shall - (1) be applied toward the total value of materials that are authorized to be disposed of from the stockpile during that fiscal year; (2) be treated as an acquisition for purposes of satisfying any requirement imposed on the National Defense Stockpile Manager to enter into obligations during that fiscal year under subsection (b)(2) of this section; and (3) not increase or decrease the balance in the fund. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 9, as added Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 323; amended Pub. L. 97-35, title II, Sec. 203(d), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 99-661, div. C, title II, Sec. 3203(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4067; Pub. L. 100-180, div. C, title II, Sec. 3204, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1247; Pub. L. 101-189, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3312(b), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1688; Pub. L. 101-510, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3301(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1845; Pub. L. 102-190, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3311(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1584; Pub. L. 102- 484, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3313, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2653; Pub. L. 103-160, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3313, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1962; Pub. L. 105-261, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3304, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2264.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 98h, act June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 9, as added July 23, 1946, ch. 590, 60 Stat. 600, related to disposition of receipts, prior to repeal by section 2(a) of Pub. L. 96-41. See section 98h(b)(1) of this title. AMENDMENTS 1998 - Subsec. (b)(2)(J) to (L). Pub. L. 105-261 added subpar. (J) and redesignated former subpars. (J) and (K) as (K) and (L), respectively. 1993 - Subsec. (b)(2)(J), (K). Pub. L. 103-160, Sec. 3313(a), added subpars. (J) and (K). Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103-160, Sec. 3313(b), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding paragraph (2), moneys in the fund may not be used to pay salaries and expenses of stockpile employees." 1992 - Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 102-484, Sec. 3313(a)(1), inserted ", maintenance, and disposal" after "acquisition" and substituted "section 98e(a)" for "section 98e(a)(1)". Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 102-484, Sec. 3313(a)(2), substituted "such acquisition, maintenance, and disposal" for "such acquisition". Subsec. (b)(2)(H), (I). Pub. L. 102-484, Sec. 3313(b), added subpars. (H) and (I). Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 102-484, Sec. 3313(c), added par. (4). 1991 - Subsec. (b)(2)(G). Pub. L. 102-190 added subpar. (G). 1990 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101-510 added subsec. (d). 1989 - Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 101-189 added subpar. (F). 1987 - Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 100-180 struck out subpar. (F) which related to other reasonable requirements for management of stockpile. 1986 - Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 99-661, Sec. 3203(a)(1), struck out "Such moneys shall remain in the fund until appropriated." after "covered into the fund." Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 99-661, Sec. 3203(a)(2), added pars. (2) and (3) and struck out former pars. (2) and (3) which read as follows: "(2) Moneys covered into the fund under paragraph (1) shall be available, when appropriated therefor, only for the acquisition of strategic and critical materials under section 98e(a)(1) of this title (and for transportation related to such acquisition). "(3) Moneys in the fund, when appropriated, shall remain available until expended, unless otherwise provided in appropriation Acts." 1981 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97-35 in par. (1) struck out provisions relating to moneys remaining in the fund at the end of the third fiscal year following the fiscal year in which received, and in par. (3) substituted provisions respecting funds remaining available until expended, for provisions relating to funds remaining available for a period of five fiscal years. USE OF FUNDS FROM NATIONAL DEFENSE STOCKPILE TRANSACTION FUND TO MEET NATIONAL DEFENSE STOCKPILE GOALS AND SPECIFICATIONS IN EFFECT ON OCTOBER 1, 1984 Pub. L. 100-440, title V, Sec. 518, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1748, directed that, no later than Oct. 1, 1989, Administrator of General Services, or any Federal officer assuming Administrator's responsibilities with respect to management of the stockpile, to use all funds authorized and appropriated before Jan. 1, 1985, from National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund to evaluate, test, relocate, upgrade or purchase stockpile materials to meet National Defense Stockpile goals and specifications in effect on Oct. 1, 1984. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 101(m) [title V, Sec. 519], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329-390, 1329-417. Pub. L. 99-500, Sec. 101(m) [title V, Sec. 520], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783-308, 1783-326, and Pub. L. 99-591, Sec. 101(m) [title V, Sec. 520], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-308, 3341-326. DEPOSIT OF FUNDS ACCRUING FROM NAVAL PETROLEUM RESERVES Pub. L. 98-525, title IX, Sec. 905, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2574, as amended by Pub. L. 99-145, title XVI, Sec. 1611(a), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 776, provided that: "There shall be deposited into the National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund established under section 9 of the Act (50 U.S.C. 98h) 30 percent of all money accruing to the United States during fiscal years 1985 and 1986 from lands in the naval petroleum and oil shale reserves (less amounts spent for exploration, development and operation of those reserves and related expenses during that period). Moneys deposited into the Fund under this subsection shall be deemed to have been covered into the Fund under section 9(b) of the Act." -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98h-1 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98h-1. Advisory committees -STATUTE- (a) Membership The President may appoint advisory committees composed of individuals with expertise relating to materials in the stockpile or with expertise in stockpile management to advise the President with respect to the acquisition, transportation, processing, refining, storage, security, maintenance, rotation, and disposal of such materials under this subchapter. (b) Expenses Each member of an advisory committee established under subsection (a) of this section while serving on the business of the advisory committee away from such member's home or regular place of business shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5 for persons intermittently employed in the Government service. (c) Market Impact Committee (1) The President shall appoint a Market Impact Committee composed of representatives from the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, the Department of the Interior, the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and such other persons as the President considers appropriate. The representatives from the Department of Commerce and the Department of State shall be Cochairmen of the Committee. (2) The Committee shall advise the National Defense Stockpile Manager on the projected domestic and foreign economic effects of all acquisitions and disposals of materials from the stockpile that are proposed to be included in the annual materials plan submitted to Congress under section 98h-2(b) of this title, or in any revision of such plan, and shall submit to the manager the Committee's recommendations regarding those acquisitions and disposals. (3) The annual materials plan or the revision of such plan, as the case may be, shall contain - (A) the views of the Committee on the projected domestic and foreign economic effects of all acquisitions and disposals of materials from the stockpile; (B) the recommendations submitted by the Committee under paragraph (2); and (C) for each acquisition or disposal provided for in the plan or revision that is inconsistent with a recommendation of the Committee, a justification for the acquisition or disposal. (4) In developing recommendations for the National Defense Stockpile Manager under paragraph (2), the Committee shall consult from time to time with representatives of producers, processors, and consumers of the types of materials stored in the stockpile. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 10, as added Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 323; amended Pub. L. 102-484, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3314, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2654.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 10 of act June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 10, was renumbered section 13 and is classified to section 98h-4 of this title. Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in former section 98a(b) of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96- 41. AMENDMENTS 1992 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102-484 added subsec. (c). -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of all functions, personnel, assets, components, authorities, grant programs, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Under Secretary for Federal Emergency Management relating thereto, to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, see section 315(a)(1) of Title 6, Domestic Security. For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see former section 313(1) and sections 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under this section delegated to Secretary of Defense by section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 12636, Feb. 25, 1988, 53 F.R. 6114, set out under section 98 of this title. -MISC2- TERMINATION OF ADVISORY COMMITTEES Advisory committees established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See section 14 of Pub. L. 92-463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. ADVISORY COMMITTEE REGARDING OPERATION AND MODERNIZATION OF STOCKPILE Section 3306 of Pub. L. 102-484 provided that: "(a) Appointment. - Not later than March 15, 1993, the President shall appoint an advisory committee under section 10(a) of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98h- 1(a)) to make recommendations to the President concerning the operation and modernization of the National Defense Stockpile. "(b) Membership. - The committee shall consist of members who have expertise regarding strategic and critical materials, including - "(1) employees of Federal agencies (including the Department of Defense, the Department of State, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Energy, the Department of the Treasury, the Department of the Interior, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency); "(2) representatives of mining, processing, and fabricating industries and consumers that would be affected by the acquisition of materials for the stockpile or the disposal of materials from the stockpile; and "(3) other interested persons or representatives of interested organizations." -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98h-2 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98h-2. Reports to Congress -STATUTE- (a) Not later than January 15 of each year, the President shall submit to the Congress an annual written report detailing operations under this subchapter. Each such report shall include - (1) information with respect to foreign and domestic purchases of materials during the preceding fiscal year; (2) information with respect to the acquisition and disposal of materials under this subchapter by barter, as provided for in section 98e(c) of this title, during such fiscal year; (3) information with respect to the activities by the Stockpile Manager to encourage the conservation, substitution, and development of strategic and critical materials within the United States; (4) information with respect to the research and development activities conducted under sections 98a and 98g of this title; (5) a statement and explanation of the financial status of the National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund and the anticipated appropriations to be made to the fund, and obligations to be made from the fund, during the current fiscal year; and (6) such other pertinent information on the administration of this subchapter as will enable the Congress to evaluate the effectiveness of the program provided for under this subchapter and to determine the need for additional legislation. (b)(1) Not later than February 15 of each year, the President shall submit to the appropriate committees of the Congress a report containing an annual materials plan for the operation of the stockpile during the next fiscal year and the succeeding four fiscal years. (2) Each such report shall include details of all planned expenditures from the National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund during such period (including expenditures to be made from appropriations from the general fund of the Treasury) and of anticipated receipts from proposed disposals of stockpile materials during such period. Each such report shall also contain details regarding the materials development and research projects to be conducted under section 98h(b)(2)(G) of this title during the fiscal years covered by the report. With respect to each development and research project, the report shall specify the amount planned to be expended from the fund, the material intended to be developed, the potential military or defense industrial applications for that material, and the development and research methodologies to be used. (3) Any proposed expenditure or disposal detailed in the annual materials plan for any such fiscal year, and any expenditure or disposal proposed in connection with any transaction submitted for such fiscal year to the appropriate committees of Congress pursuant to section 98d(a)(2) of this title, that is not obligated or executed in that fiscal year may not be obligated or executed until such proposed expenditure or disposal is resubmitted in a subsequent annual materials plan or is resubmitted to the appropriate committees of Congress in accordance with section 98d(a)(2) of this title, as appropriate. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 11, as added Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 324; amended Pub. L. 97-35, title II, Sec. 203(e), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 99-661, div. C, title II, Sec. 3207(a)(3), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4069; Pub. L. 100- 180, div. C, title II, Sec. 3205, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1247; Pub. L. 100-456, div. A, title XV, Sec. 1503, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2086; Pub. L. 101-189, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3315, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1688; Pub. L. 102-190, div. C, title XXXIII, Secs. 3311(b), 3313(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1584; Pub. L. 103- 35, title II, Sec. 204(d), May 31, 1993, 107 Stat. 103.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 11 of act June 7, 1939, ch. 190, formerly Sec. 10, as added July 23, 1946, ch. 590, 60 Stat. 596; renumbered Sec. 11, Pub. L. 92-156, title V, Sec. 503(1), Nov. 17, 1971, 85 Stat. 427, was set out as a Short Title note under section 98 of this title, prior to repeal by section 2(b)(2) of Pub. L. 96-41. Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in former section 98c of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96-41. AMENDMENTS 1993 - Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103-35 substituted "fiscal year" for "six-month period". 1991 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102-190, Sec. 3313(a)(1), substituted "Not later than January 15 of each year, the President" for "The President" and "an annual" for "every six months a". Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102-190, Sec. 3313(a)(2), which directed the substitution of "fiscal year" for "6-month period", could not be executed because the words "6-month period" did not appear in text. Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102-190, Sec. 3313(a)(3), substituted "fiscal year" for "period". Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 102-190, Sec. 3313(a)(4), substituted "current fiscal year" for "next fiscal year". Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 102-190, Sec. 3311(b)(1), designated first sentence of subsec. (b) relating to submission of report as par. (1). Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102-190, Sec. 3311(b), designated second sentence of subsec. (b) relating to contents of report as par. (2) and inserted at end "Each such report shall also contain details regarding the materials development and research projects to be conducted under section 98h(b)(2)(G) of this title during the fiscal years covered by the report. With respect to each development and research project, the report shall specify the amount planned to be expended from the fund, the material intended to be developed, the potential military or defense industrial applications for that material, and the development and research methodologies to be used." Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102-190, Sec. 3311(b)(1), designated third sentence of subsec. (b) relating to resubmission of proposed expenditures and disposals not obligated or executed as par. (3). 1989 - Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 101-189 substituted "made to the fund, and obligations to be made from the fund," for "made from the fund". 1988 - Subsec. (a)(3) to (6). Pub. L. 100-456, Sec. 1503(a), added pars. (3) and (4) and redesignated former pars. (3) and (4) as (5) and (6), respectively. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100-456, Sec. 1503(b), substituted "the next fiscal year" for "such fiscal year" and "all planned expenditures from the National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund" for "planned expenditures for acquisition of strategic and critical materials" and inserted at end "Any proposed expenditure or disposal detailed in the annual materials plan for any such fiscal year, and any expenditure or disposal proposed in connection with any transaction submitted for such fiscal year to the appropriate committees of Congress pursuant to section 98d(a)(2) of this title, that is not obligated or executed in that fiscal year may not be obligated or executed until such proposed expenditure or disposal is resubmitted in a subsequent annual materials plan or is resubmitted to the appropriate committees of Congress in accordance with section 98d(a)(2) of this title, as appropriate." 1987 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100-180 substituted "Not later than February 15 of each year, the President" for "The President" and struck out "each year, at the time that the Budget is submitted to Congress pursuant to section 1105 of title 31 for the next fiscal year," after "Congress". 1986 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99-661 substituted "each year, at the time that the Budget is submitted to Congress pursuant to section 1105 of title 31 for the next fiscal year," for each year with the Budget submitted to Congress pursuant to section 201a of the Budget and Accounting Act, 1921 (31 U.S.C. 11(a)), for the next fiscal year". 1981 - Pub. L. 97-35 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b). -TRANS- DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under this section delegated to Secretary of Defense by section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 12636, Feb. 25, 1988, 53 F.R. 6114, set out under section 98 of this title. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98h-3 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98h-3. Definitions -STATUTE- For the purposes of this subchapter: (1) The term "strategic and critical materials" means materials that (A) would be needed to supply the military, industrial, and essential civilian needs of the United States during a national emergency, and (B) are not found or produced in the United States in sufficient quantities to meet such need. (2) The term "national emergency" means a general declaration of emergency with respect to the national defense made by the President or by the Congress. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 12, as added Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 324.) -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98h-4 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98h-4. Importation of strategic and critical materials -STATUTE- The President may not prohibit or regulate the importation into the United States of any material determined to be strategic and critical pursuant to the provisions of this subchapter, if such material is the product of any foreign country or area not listed in general note 3(b) of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (19 U.S.C. 1202), for so long as the importation into the United States of material of that kind which is the product of a country or area listed in such general note is not prohibited by any provision of law. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 13, formerly Sec. 10, as added Pub. L. 92-156, title V, Sec. 503(2), Nov. 17, 1971, 85 Stat. 427; renumbered Sec. 13, Pub. L. 96-41, Sec. 2(b)(1), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 324; amended Pub. L. 100-180, div. C, title II, Sec. 3206(b), (c), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1247; Pub. L. 100-418, title I, Sec. 1214(o), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1159; Pub. L. 104-201, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3313, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2857.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT The Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, referred to in text, is not set out in the Code. See Publication of Harmonized Tariff Schedule note set out under section 1202 of Title 19, Customs Duties. -COD- CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 98h-1 of this title. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1996 - Pub. L. 104-201 substituted "not listed in general note" for "not listed as a Communist-dominated country or area in general note" and "product of a country or area listed in such general note" for "product of such Communist-dominated countries or areas". 1988 - Pub. L. 100-418 substituted "general note 3(b) of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States" for "general headnote 3(d) of the Tariff Schedules of the United States". 1987 - Pub. L. 100-180 inserted section catchline and, in text, substituted "The President" for "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, on and after January 1, 1972, the President". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 100-418 effective Jan. 1, 1989, and applicable with respect to articles entered on or after such date, see section 1217(b)(1) of Pub. L. 100-418, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3001 of Title 19, Customs Duties. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98h-5 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98h-5. Biennial report on stockpile requirements -STATUTE- (a) In general Not later than January 15 of every other year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on stockpile requirements. Each such report shall include - (1) the Secretary's recommendations with respect to stockpile requirements; and (2) the matters required under subsection (b) of this section. (b) National emergency planning assumptions Each report under this section shall set forth the national emergency planning assumptions used by the Secretary in making the Secretary's recommendations under subsection (a)(1) of this section with respect to stockpile requirements. The Secretary shall base the national emergency planning assumptions on a military conflict scenario consistent with the scenario used by the Secretary in budgeting and defense planning purposes. The assumptions to be set forth include assumptions relating to each of the following: (1) The length and intensity of the assumed military conflict. (2) The military force structure to be mobilized. (3) The losses anticipated from enemy action. (4) The military, industrial, and essential civilian requirements to support the national emergency. (5) The availability of supplies of strategic and critical materials from foreign sources during the mobilization period, the military conflict, and the subsequent period of replenishment, taking into consideration possible shipping losses. (6) The domestic production of strategic and critical materials during the mobilization period, the military conflict, and the subsequent period of replenishment, taking into consideration possible shipping losses. (7) Civilian austerity measures required during the mobilization period and military conflict. (c) Period within which to replace or replenish materials The stockpile requirements shall be based on those strategic and critical materials necessary for the United States to replenish or replace, within three years of the end of the military conflict scenario required under subsection (b) of this section, all munitions, combat support items, and weapons systems that would be required after such a military conflict. (d) Effect of alternative mobilization periods The Secretary shall also include in each report under this section an examination of the effect that alternative mobilization periods under the military conflict scenario required under subsection (b) of this section, as well as a range of other military conflict scenarios addressing potentially more serious threats to national security, would have on the Secretary's recommendations under subsection (a)(1) of this section with respect to stockpile requirements. (e) Plans of President The President shall submit with each report under this section a statement of the plans of the President for meeting the recommendations of the Secretary set forth in the report. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 14, as added Pub. L. 100-180, div. C, title II, Sec. 3202(c), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1246; amended Pub. L. 102-190, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3313(b)(1), (2), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1585; Pub. L. 103-160, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3314, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1962; Pub. L. 104-201, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3313(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2856.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1996 - Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 104-201 added subsecs. (b) to (d), redesignated former subsec. (c) as (e), and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to national emergency planning assumptions set forth in reports required under this section. 1993 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103-160 struck out before period at end of first sentence ", based upon total mobilization of the economy of the United States for a sustained conventional global war for a period of not less than three years" and inserted after first sentence "Before October 1, 1994, such assumptions shall be based upon the total mobilization of the economy of the United States for a sustained conventional global war for a period of not less than three years. On and after October 1, 1994, such assumptions shall be based on an assumed national emergency involving military conflict that necessitates an expansion of the Armed Forces together with a significant mobilization of the economy of the United States." 1991 - Pub. L. 102-190, Sec. 3313(b)(2), substituted "Biennial" for "Annual" in section catchline. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102-190, Sec. 3313(b)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "Not later than January 15 of every other year, the Secretary" for "The Secretary" and "a report" for "an annual report" and struck out "shall be submitted with the annual report submitted under section 98h-2(b) of this title and" before "shall include". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 104-201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 3311(c) of Pub. L. 104-201, set out as a note under section 98a of this title. INITIAL REPORT DUE DATE Section 3313(b)(3) of Pub. L. 102-190 provided that: "The first report required by section 14(a) of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98h-5(a)), as amended by paragraph (1) shall be submitted not later than January 15, 1993." -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98h-6 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98h-6. Development of domestic sources -STATUTE- (a) Purchase of materials of domestic origin; processing of materials in domestic facilities Subject to subsection (c) of this section and to the extent the President determines such action is required for the national defense, the President shall encourage the development of domestic sources for materials determined pursuant to section 98b(a) of this title to be strategic and critical materials - (1) by purchasing, or making a commitment to purchase, strategic and critical materials of domestic origin when such materials are needed for the stockpile; and (2) by contracting with domestic facilities, or making a commitment to contract with domestic facilities, for the processing or refining of strategic and critical materials in the stockpile when processing or refining is necessary to convert such materials into a form more suitable for storage and subsequent disposition. (b) Terms and conditions of contracts and commitments A contract or commitment made under subsection (a) of this section may not exceed five years from the date of the contract or commitment. Such purchases and commitments to purchase may be made for such quantities and on such terms and conditions, including advance payments, as the President considers to be necessary. (c) Proposed transactions included in annual materials plan; availability of funds (1) Descriptions of proposed transactions under subsection (a) of this section shall be included in the appropriate annual materials plan submitted to Congress under section 98h-2(b) of this title. Changes to any such transaction, or the addition of a transaction not included in such plan, shall be made in the manner provided by section 98d(a)(2) of this title. (2) The authority of the President to enter into obligations under this section is effective for any fiscal year only to the extent that funds in the National Defense Stockpile Transaction Fund are adequate to meet such obligations. Payments required to be as a result of obligations incurred under this section shall be made from amounts in the fund. (d) Transportation and incidental expenses The authority of the President under subsection (a) of this section includes the authority to pay - (1) the expenses of transporting materials; and (2) other incidental expenses related to carrying out such subsection. (e) Reports The President shall include in the reports required under section 98h-2(a) of this title information with respect to activities conducted under this section. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 15, as added Pub. L. 101-189, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3312(a), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1687.) -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98h-7 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98h-7. National Defense Stockpile Manager -STATUTE- (a) Appointment The President shall designate a single Federal office to have responsibility for performing the functions of the President under this subchapter, other than under sections 98f and 98h-4 of this title. The office designated shall be one to which appointment is made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. (b) Title of designated officer The individual holding the office designated by the President under subsection (a) of this section shall be known for purposes of functions under this subchapter as the "National Defense Stockpile Manager". (c) Delegation of functions The President may delegate functions of the President under this subchapter (other than under sections 98f and 98h-4 of this title) only to the National Defense Stockpile Manager. Any such delegation made by the President shall remain in effect until specifically revoked by law or Executive order. The President may not delegate functions of the President under sections 98f and 98h-4 of this title. -SOURCE- (June 7, 1939, ch. 190, Sec. 16, formerly Sec. 6A, as added Pub. L. 99-661, div. C, title II, Sec. 3202(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4067; amended Pub. L. 100-180, div. C, title II, Sec. 3203(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1246; renumbered Sec. 16 and amended Pub. L. 101- 189, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3313, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1688; Pub. L. 102-190, div. C, title XXXIII, Sec. 3314, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1585.) -COD- CODIFICATION Section was classified to section 98e-1 of this title prior to its renumbering by Pub. L. 101-189. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1991 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102-190 struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: "During any period during which there is no officer appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, serving in the position designated by the President under subsection (a) of this section or during which the authority of the President under this subchapter (other than under sections 98f and 98h-4 of this title) has not been delegated to that position, no action may be taken under section 98e(a)(6) of this title." 1989 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101-189, Sec. 3313(b)(1), substituted "sections 98f and 98h-4" for "sections 98f, 98g, and 98h-4". Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101-189, Sec. 3313(b)(1), (2), substituted "sections 98f and 98h-4" for "sections 98f, 98g, and 98h-4" and inserted at end "The President may not delegate functions of the President under sections 98f and 98h-4 of this title." after "Executive order." Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101-189, Sec. 3313(b)(1), (3), substituted "sections 98f and 98h-4" for "sections 98f, 98g, and 98h-4" and "section 98e(a)(6)" for "section 98e(b) or 98e(d)". 1987 - Pub. L. 100-180 amended section generally, revising and restating provisions of subsecs. (a) and (b) and adding subsecs. (c) and (d). SAVINGS PROVISION Section 3203(c) of Pub. L. 100-180 provided that: "Unless otherwise directed by the President under section 6A [renumbered Sec. 16] of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act [this section], as amended by subsection (a), the designation of a National Defense Stockpile Manager in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 1987] shall remain in effect until the individual so designated ceases to hold the office held by the individual at the time of the designation." -TRANS- DESIGNATION OF NATIONAL DEFENSE STOCKPILE MANAGER; DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS The Secretary of Defense was designated National Defense Stockpile Manager and functions of the President under this section were delegated to the Secretary of Defense by section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 12636, Feb. 25, 1988, 53 F.R. 6114, set out under section 98 of this title. -MISC2- DEADLINE FOR DESIGNATION OF MANAGER Section 3202(b) of Pub. L. 99-661 directed President, not later than Feb. 15, 1987, to designate an official as National Defense Stockpile Manager, as required by this section. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 98i 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 98i. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 98i. Repealed. Pub. L. 85-861, Sec. 36A, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1570. Section, act Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 939, title IV, Sec. 416, 70 Stat. 1018, related to contracts for storage, handling, and distribution of liquid fuels. See section 2922 of Title 10, Armed Forces. Section was not enacted as part of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act which comprises this subchapter. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 99 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 99. Transferred -COD- CODIFICATION Section, act July 2, 1940, ch. 508, Sec. 6, 54 Stat. 714, was transferred to section 701 of Appendix to this title and subsequently repealed by act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 100 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 100. Nitrate plants -STATUTE- (a) Investigations; designation of sites; construction and operation of dams, locks, improvements to navigation, etc. The President of the United States may make, or cause to be made, such investigation as in his judgment is necessary to determine the best, cheapest, and most available means for the production of nitrates and other products for munitions of war and useful in the manufacture of fertilizers and other useful products by water power or any other power as in his judgment is the best and cheapest to use; and is also authorized to designate for the exclusive use of the United States, if in his judgment such means is best and cheapest, such site or sites, upon any navigable or nonnavigable river or rivers or upon the public lands, as in his opinion will be necessary for national defense; and is further authorized to construct, maintain, and operate, at or on any site or sites so designated, dams, locks, improvements to navigation, power houses, and other plants and equipment or other means than water power as in his judgment is the best and cheapest, necessary or convenient for the generation of electrical or other power and for the production of nitrates or other products needed for munitions of war and useful in the manufacture of fertilizers and other useful products. (b) Lease, purchase, or acquisition of lands and rights of way; purchase or acquisition of materials, minerals, and processes The President is authorized to lease, buy, or acquire, by condemnation, gift, grant, or devise, such lands and rights of way as may be necessary for the construction and operation of such plants and to take from any lands of the United States, or to buy or acquire by condemnation materials, minerals, and processes, patented or otherwise, necessary for the construction and operation of such plants and for the manufacture of such products. (c) Use of products of plants; disposal of surplus The products of such plants shall be used by the President for military and naval purposes to the extent that he may deem necessary, and any surplus which he shall determine is not required shall be sold and disposed of by him under such regulations as he may prescribe. (d) Employment of officers, agents, or agencies The President is authorized to employ such officers, agents, or agencies as may in his discretion be necessary to enable him to carry out the purposes herein specified, and to authorize and require such officers, agents, or agencies to perform any and all of the duties imposed upon him by the provisions hereof. (e) Government construction and operation The plant or plants provided for under this section shall be constructed and operated solely by the Government and not in conjunction with any other industry or enterprise carried on by private capital. -SOURCE- (Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 37, 70A Stat. 634.) -COD- CODIFICATION Section was not enacted as part of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act which comprises this subchapter. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 100a 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 5 - ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY SUBCHAPTER III - ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS -HEAD- Sec. 100a. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Section, which was from the Department of Defense Appropriation Act, 1983, Pub. L. 97-377, title I, Sec. 101(c) [title VII, Sec. 712], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1833, 1851, prohibited use of funds available to Department of Defense agencies for acquisition, construction, or operation of certain scrap-processing facilities, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Dec. 29, 1981, Pub. L. 97-114, title VII, Sec. 712, 95 Stat. 1580. Dec. 15, 1980, Pub. L. 96-527, title VII, Sec. 713, 94 Stat. 3082. Dec. 21, 1979, Pub. L. 96-154, title VII, Sec. 713, 93 Stat. 1154. Oct. 13, 1978, Pub. L. 95-457, title VIII, Sec. 813, 92 Stat. 1246. Sept. 21, 1977, Pub. L. 95-111, title VIII, Sec. 812, 91 Stat. 901. Sept. 22, 1976, Pub. L. 94-419, title VII, Sec. 712, 90 Stat. 1293. Feb. 9, 1976, Pub. L. 94-212, title VII, Sec. 712, 90 Stat. 170. Oct. 8, 1974, Pub. L. 93-437, title VIII, Sec. 812, 88 Stat. 1226. Jan. 2, 1974, Pub. L. 93-238, title VII, Sec. 712, 87 Stat. 1040. Oct. 26, 1972, Pub. L. 92-570, title VII, Sec. 712, 86 Stat. 1198. Dec. 18, 1971, Pub. L. 92-204, title VII, Sec. 712, 85 Stat. 729. Jan. 11, 1971, Pub. L. 91-668, title VIII, Sec. 812, 84 Stat. 2032. Dec. 29, 1969, Pub. L. 91-171, title VI, Sec. 612, 83 Stat. 481. Oct. 17, 1968, Pub. L. 90-580, title V, Sec. 511, 82 Stat. 1131. Sept. 29, 1967, Pub. L. 90-96, title VI, Sec. 611, 81 Stat. 244. Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89-687, title VI, Sec. 611, 80 Stat. 992. Sept. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89-213, title VI, Sec. 611, 79 Stat. 875. Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88-446, title V, Sec. 511, 78 Stat. 476. Oct. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88-149, title V, Sec. 511, 77 Stat. 265. Aug. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87-577, title V, Sec. 511, 76 Stat. 329. Aug. 17, 1961, Pub. L. 87-144, title VI, Sec. 611, 75 Stat. 377. July 7, 1960, Pub. L. 86-601, title V, Sec. 511, 74 Stat. 351. Aug. 18, 1959, Pub. L. 86-166, title V, Sec. 611, 73 Stat. 380. Aug. 22, 1958, Pub. L. 85-724, title VI, Sec. 611, 72 Stat. 725. Aug. 2, 1957, Pub. L. 85-117, title VI, Sec. 612, 71 Stat. 325. July 2, 1956, ch. 488, title VI, Sec. 612, 70 Stat. 469. July 13, 1955, ch. 358, title VI, Sec. 615, 69 Stat. 317. June 30, 1954, ch. 432, title VII, Sec. 715, 68 Stat. 352. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 6 - WILLFUL DESTRUCTION, ETC., OF WAR OR NATIONAL-DEFENSE MATERIAL 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 6 - WILLFUL DESTRUCTION, ETC., OF WAR OR NATIONAL-DEFENSE MATERIAL -HEAD- CHAPTER 6 - WILLFUL DESTRUCTION, ETC., OF WAR OR NATIONAL-DEFENSE MATERIAL -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 101 to 106 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 6 - WILLFUL DESTRUCTION, ETC., OF WAR OR NATIONAL-DEFENSE MATERIAL -HEAD- Secs. 101 to 106. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 101 to 106. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 21, 62 Stat. 862. Section 101, acts Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, Sec. 1, 40 Stat. 533; Nov. 30, 1940, ch. 926, 54 Stat. 1220; Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 824, 56 Stat. 1087; 1946 Proc. No. 2695, eff. July 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 7517, 60 Stat. 1352, related to definition of war terms. See section 2151 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. Section 102, act Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, Sec. 2, 40 Stat. 534, related to destruction or injury of war material in time of war. See section 2153 of Title 18. Section 103, act Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, Sec. 3, 40 Stat. 534, related to making or causing to be made defective war material. See section 2154 of Title 18. Section 104, act Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, Sec. 4, as added Nov. 30, 1940, ch. 926, 54 Stat. 1220; amended Aug. 21, 1941, ch. 388, 55 Stat. 655, related to definition of national-defense terms. See section 2151 of Title 18. Section 105, act Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, Sec. 5, as added Nov. 30, 1940, ch. 926, 54 Stat. 1220, related to destruction or injury of national-defense materials. See section 2155 of Title 18. Section 106, act Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, Sec. 6, as added Nov. 30, 1940, ch. 926, 54 Stat. 1220, related to making or causing to be made defective national-defense material. See section 2156 of Title 18. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal of sections 101 to 106 effective Sept. 1, 1948, see section 38 of act June 25, 1948, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 1 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 7 - INTERFERENCE WITH HOMING PIGEONS OWNED BY UNITED STATES 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 7 - INTERFERENCE WITH HOMING PIGEONS OWNED BY UNITED STATES -HEAD- CHAPTER 7 - INTERFERENCE WITH HOMING PIGEONS OWNED BY UNITED STATES -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 111 to 113 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 7 - INTERFERENCE WITH HOMING PIGEONS OWNED BY UNITED STATES -HEAD- Secs. 111 to 113. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 111 to 113. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 21, 62 Stat. 862. Section 111, act Apr. 19, 1918, ch. 58, Sec. 1, 40 Stat. 533, related to prohibited acts affecting homing pigeons owned by United States. See section 45 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. Section 112, act Apr. 19, 1918, ch. 58, Sec. 2, 40 Stat. 533, related to possession of pigeons as evidence of violation of law. See section 45 of Title 18. Section 113, act Apr. 19, 1918, ch. 58, Sec. 3, 40 Stat. 533, related to punishment. See section 45 of Title 18. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal of sections 111 to 113 effective Sept. 1, 1948, see section 38 of act June 25, 1948, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 1 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 8 - EXPLOSIVES; MANUFACTURE, DISTRIBUTION, STORAGE, USE, AND POSSESSION REGULATED 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 8 - EXPLOSIVES; MANUFACTURE, DISTRIBUTION, STORAGE, USE, AND POSSESSION REGULATED -HEAD- CHAPTER 8 - EXPLOSIVES; MANUFACTURE, DISTRIBUTION, STORAGE, USE, AND POSSESSION REGULATED -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 121 to 144 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 8 - EXPLOSIVES; MANUFACTURE, DISTRIBUTION, STORAGE, USE, AND POSSESSION REGULATED -HEAD- Secs. 121 to 144. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 121 to 144. Repealed. Pub. L. 91-452, title XI, Sec. 1106(a), Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 960. Section 121, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 1, 40 Stat. 385; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 863, defined "explosive", "explosives", "ingredients", "person", and "Director". See section 841 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. Section 122, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 2, 40 Stat. 385; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 864, related to unauthorized manufacture, distribution, possession, acquisition, etc., of explosives or ingredients. See section 842 of Title 18. Section 123, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 3, 40 Stat. 386; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 864; Nov. 24, 1942, ch. 641, 56 Stat. 1022; Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85-726, title XIV, Sec. 1405, 72 Stat. 808; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89-670, Sec. 8(f), 80 Stat. 943, excepted from provisions of this chapter purchase or possession of ingredients when purchased or held in small quantities and not used or intended to be used in manufacture of explosives, explosives or ingredients in transit in conformity with applicable law, explosives manufactured under authority of the United States for armed forces or the F.B.I., and arsenals, etc., owned by, or operated by or on behalf of, the United States. See section 845 of Title 18. Section 124, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 4, 40 Stat. 386; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 864, authorized a superintendent, foreman, or other duly authorized employee at a mine, quarry, or other work, when licensed, to sell or issue to any employee under him such amount of explosives or ingredients required by that employee in performance of his duties. See section 843 of Title 18. Section 125, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 2, 40 Stat. 385; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 863, related to applicability of prohibitory provisions of this chapter. Section 126, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 5, 40 Stat. 386; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 864, required licensees to keep records of disposition of explosives or ingredients. See section 843 of Title 18. Section 127, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 6, 40 Stat. 386; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 865, authorized issuance of licenses. See section 843 of Title 18. Section 128, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 7, 40 Stat. 386; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 865, set forth procedure for issuance of licenses and fees for such licenses. Section 129, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 8, 40 Stat. 386; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 865; Ex. Ord. No. 9287, eff. Dec. 24, 1942, 7 F.R. 10897, provided for term of license, qualifications of applicants for licenses, and revocation of license. See section 843 of Title 18. Section 130, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 9, 40 Stat. 386; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 866, set forth contents of applications for licenses. See section 843 of Title 18. Section 131, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 10, 40 Stat. 387; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 866, required licensee or applicant to furnish information on request of Director or his authorized representative. See section 843 of Title 18. Section 132, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 11, 40 Stat. 387; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 867, related to false representations as to required license. Section 133, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 12, 40 Stat. 387; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 867, related to markings on manufacturing or storage premises for explosives. Section 134, act July 1, 1918, ch. 113, 40 Stat. 671, related to cancellation of licenses for violations of law. See section 844 of Title 18. Section 135, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 13, 40 Stat. 388; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 867, related to exclusion of public from manufacturing or storage premises for explosives and discharge of firearms, etc., on such premises. Section 136, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 14, 40 Stat. 388; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 867, authorized investigations by Director of explosions and fires involving explosives or ingredients of explosives. Section 137, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 15, 40 Stat. 388; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 867, authorized Director to exercise authority conferred upon him by this chapter under supervision of Secretary of the Interior and cooperation of other agencies with Director in administration and enforcement of this chapter. Section 138, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 16, 40 Stat. 388; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 868; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, title XI, Sec. 1106(a), 63 Stat. 972, authorized employment of personnel for administration of this chapter. Section 139, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 17, 40 Stat. 388; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 868, prohibited any officer, employee, or licensing agent from divulging any information obtained in course of his duties under this chapter. Section 140, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 18, 40 Stat. 388; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 868, authorized Director to issue rules and regulations. See section 847 of Title 18. Section 141, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 19, 40 Stat. 388; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 868, set forth penalties for violations of this chapter. See section 844 of Title 18. Section 142, acts Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 20, 40 Stat. 388; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 633, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 868, provided that this chapter and regulations issued pursuant to it were to become operative only during war or national emergency. Section 143, act Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 83, Sec. 21, 40 Stat. 389, related to agencies available for enforcement of provisions of this chapter. Section 144, act July 1, 1918, ch. 113, 40 Stat. 671, subjected platinum, iridium, and palladium and compounds thereof to provisions of this chapter. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 9 - AIRCRAFT 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 9 - AIRCRAFT -HEAD- CHAPTER 9 - AIRCRAFT -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 151 to 151f 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 9 - AIRCRAFT -HEAD- Secs. 151 to 151f. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Sections 151 to 151f which related to a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics were omitted pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 85-568, title III, July 29, 1958, 72 Stat. 432, set out as a note under section 2472 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, which terminated the Committee and transferred all its functions, powers, duties, and obligations to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. See section 2451 et seq. of Title 42. Section 151, acts Mar. 3, 1915, ch. 83, 38 Stat. 930; Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 482, 45 Stat. 1451; June 23, 1938, ch. 601, Sec. 1107(e), 52 Stat. 1027; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. IV, Sec. 7, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2421, 54 Stat. 1235; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, Sec. 205(a), 61 Stat. 501; May 25, 1948, ch. 335, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 266; Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, Sec. 12(a), 63 Stat. 591; Aug. 8, 1950, ch. 645, Sec. 4, 64 Stat. 419; June 3, 1954, ch. 254, 68 Stat. 170, established National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, provided for its composition, prescribed compensation of members and duties of Committee, and required reports to Congress. Section 151a, act Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 482, 45 Stat. 1451, was incorporated in section 151 of this title. Section 151b, act Aug. 8, 1950, ch. 645, Sec. 1, 64 Stat. 418, related to functions of Committee. Section 151c, act Aug. 8, 1950, ch. 645, Sec. 2, 64 Stat. 418, related to transfer of supplies to Committee. Section 151d, act Aug. 8, 1950, ch. 645, Sec. 3, 64 Stat. 418, related to employment of aliens. Section 151e, act Aug. 8, 1950, ch. 645, Sec. 6, 64 Stat. 419, related to availability of appropriations. Section 151f, act Aug. 8, 1950, ch. 645, Sec. 7, 64 Stat. 419, related to prosecution of projects. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 152, 153 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 9 - AIRCRAFT -HEAD- Secs. 152, 153. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 152, 153. Repealed. May 25, 1948, ch. 335, Sec. 3(a), (b), 62 Stat. 267. Section 152, act July 1, 1918, ch. 113, 40 Stat. 650, as amended July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, Sec. 205(a), 61 Stat. 501, related to office space for Advisory Committee. Section 153, act Mar. 3, 1915, ch. 83, 38 Stat. 930, related to annual reports. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 154 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 9 - AIRCRAFT -HEAD- Sec. 154. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 154. Repealed. Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 851, Sec. 4, 54 Stat. 1114. Section, act Apr. 22, 1926, ch. 171, 44 Stat. 314, related to purchases and services. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 155 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 9 - AIRCRAFT -HEAD- Sec. 155. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 155. Repealed. May 25, 1948, ch. 335, Sec. 3(c), 62 Stat. 267. Section, act Apr. 22, 1926, ch. 171, 44 Stat. 314, related to Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 156, 157 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 9 - AIRCRAFT -HEAD- Secs. 156, 157. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Section 156, acts Apr. 18, 1940, ch. 107, Sec. 1, 54 Stat. 134; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, title XI, Sec. 1106(a), 63 Stat. 972, authorized National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics to pay compensation of a retired officer of the Army or Navy performing service for Committee. See note set out under sections 151 to 151f of this title. Section 157, which related to transfer of aircraft, supplies, and equipment by Army and Navy to National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, was from appropriation acts July 30, 1947, ch. 359, title I, Sec. 101, 61 Stat. 599; Apr. 20, 1948, ch. 219, title I, Sec. 101, 62 Stat. 188; Aug. 24, 1949, ch. 506, title I, Sec. 101, 63 Stat. 646; Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, ch. VIII, title I, Sec. 101, 64 Stat. 711, and was not repeated in the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1952, act Aug. 31, 1951, ch. 376, 65 Stat. 268. Section was formerly classified to section 246 of former Title 49, Transportation. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 158 to 159 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 9 - AIRCRAFT -HEAD- Secs. 158 to 159. Transferred -COD- CODIFICATION Section 158, act Aug. 1, 1947, ch. 433, Sec. 1(b), (c), as added July 13, 1949, ch. 332, Sec. 1, 63 Stat. 410, related to professional and scientific service on the Committee and was transferred to section 1161 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378. Section 158a, act Aug. 1, 1947, ch. 433, Sec. 2, 61 Stat. 715, related to classification of positions and appointments and was transferred to section 1162 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378, and reenacted as section 3104(b) of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Section 159, acts Aug. 1, 1947, ch. 433, Sec. 3, 61 Stat. 715; July 13, 1949, ch. 332, Sec. 2, 63 Stat. 411, related to reports to Congress and confidential information and was transferred to section 1163 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89- 554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378, and reenacted as section 3104(c) of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 160 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 9 - AIRCRAFT -HEAD- Sec. 160. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Section, which was from acts Aug. 24, 1949, ch. 506, title I, Sec. 101, 63 Stat. 646; Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, ch. VIII, title I, Sec. 101, 64 Stat. 711, and prior appropriation acts, related to employment of aliens, and was not repeated in the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1952, act Aug. 31, 1951, ch. 376, 65 Stat. 268. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 160a to 160f 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 9 - AIRCRAFT -HEAD- Secs. 160a to 160f. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 160a to 160f. Repealed. Pub. L. 85-707, Sec. 21(b)(5), July 7, 1958, 72 Stat. 337. Section 160a, act Apr. 11, 1950, ch. 86, Sec. 1, 64 Stat. 43, related to employees pursuing graduate study or research. Section 160b, act Apr. 11, 1950, ch. 86, Sec. 2, 64 Stat. 43, related to acceptable types of graduate study and research. Section 160c, act Apr. 11, 1950, ch. 86, Sec. 3, 64 Stat. 43, related to duration of leaves of absence available. Section 160d, act Apr. 11, 1950, ch. 86, Sec. 4, 64 Stat. 43, related to payment of tuition and expenses. Section 160e, act Apr. 11, 1950, ch. 86, Sec. 5, 64 Stat. 43, related to continuation of salary and leave benefits. Section 160f, acts Apr. 11, 1950, ch. 86, Sec. 6, 64 Stat. 43; May 6, 1954, ch. 183, 68 Stat. 78; Mar. 17, 1958, Pub. L. 85-349, 72 Stat. 48, related to limitation on government expenditure. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL For effective date of repeal, see section 21(a) of Pub. L. 85- 507. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -MISC1- Sec. 161 to 166. Omitted or Repealed. 167. Definitions. 167a. Authority of Secretary. 167b. Storage, transportation, and withdrawal of crude helium. 167c. Fees for storage, transportation, and withdrawal. 167d. Sale of helium. 167e. Intragovernmental cooperation. 167f. Elimination of stockpile. 167g. Promulgation of rules and regulations. 167h. Administrative procedure. 167i. Exclusion from Natural Gas Act provisions. 167j. Land conveyance in Potter County, Texas. 167k. Violations; penalties. 167l. Injunctions. 167m. Report on helium. 167n. Repealed. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 161 to 164 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Secs. 161 to 164. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Act Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, 43 Stat. 1110, as completely amended, renumbered, and revised by Pub. L. 86-777, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 918, is classified to section 167 et seq. of this title. Section 161, acts Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 1, 43 Stat. 1110; Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 355, 44 Stat. 1387; Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 895, 50 Stat. 885, authorized Secretary of the Interior to acquire and reserve helium-gas lands and to produce and store helium gas. See section 3 of act Mar. 3, 1925, as amended by Pub. L. 86-777, which is classified to section 167a of this title. Section 162, acts Feb. 12, 1925, ch. 225, title I, 43 Stat. 908; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, Sec. 205(a), 61 Stat. 501, authorized Navy Department to acquire helium-gas lands and to produce and experiment with helium gas. Section 163, acts Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 2, 43 Stat. 1111; Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 355, 44 Stat. 1387; Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 895, 50 Stat. 886, authorized Bureau of Mines to produce helium gas. See section 4 of act Mar. 3, 1925, as amended by Pub. L. 86-777, which is classified to section 167b of this title. Section 164, acts Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 3, 43 Stat. 1111; Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 355, 44 Stat. 1387; Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 895, 50 Stat. 886, related to disposal of helium by sale, upon request of Army or Navy or other Federal Government agencies, or for medicinal, scientific or commercial use, to deposit and use of funds obtained by sale of gas, and to an annual report to Congress by Secretary of the Interior on said funds. See section 6 of act Mar. 3, 1925, as amended by Pub. L. 86-777, which is classified to section 167d of this title. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 165 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 165. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 165. Repealed. Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, Sec. 542(a)(13), 68 Stat. 861. Section, acts Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 4, 43 Stat. 1111; Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 355, 44 Stat. 1388; Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 895, 50 Stat. 887, related to exportation of helium gas. See section 2778 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 166 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 166. Omitted -MISC1- Section, acts Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 5, 43 Stat. 1111; Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 355, 44 Stat. 1388; Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 895, 50 Stat. 887; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, Sec. 205(a), 61 Stat. 501, authorized Secretaries of Army and Navy to designate representatives to cooperate with Department of the Interior to effectuate the purposes of this chapter, and gave them the right of access to plants, data, and accounts. See section 7 of act Mar. 3, 1925, as amended by Pub. L. 86-777, which is classified to section 167e of this title. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167. Definitions -STATUTE- As used in this chapter: (1) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Interior; (2) The term "person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, or State or political subdivision thereof; and (3) The terms "helium-bearing natural gas" and "helium-gas mixture" mean, respectively, natural gas and gas mixtures containing three-tenths of 1 per centum or more of helium by volume. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 2, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 918.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 2 of act Mar. 3, 1925, authorized Bureau of Mines to produce helium gas and was classified to section 163 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 86- 777. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1960 AMENDMENT Section 3 of Pub. L. 86-777 provided that: "The amendment made by this Act [enacting this section and sections 167a to 167n of this title] shall become effective on March 1, 1961." SHORT TITLE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 1, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3315, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 167a to 167d, 167f, 167j, and 167m of this title] may be cited as the 'Helium Privatization Act of 1996'." SHORT TITLE OF 1960 AMENDMENT Section 1 of Pub. L. 86-777 provided that: "This Act [enacting this section, sections 167a to 167n of this title, and provisions set out as notes below] may be cited as the 'Helium Act Amendments of 1960'." SHORT TITLE Section 1 of act Mar. 3, 1925, as added by Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, provided that: "This Act [enacting this section, sections 167a to 167n of this title, and provision set out as a note below] may be cited as the 'Helium Act'." SEPARABILITY Section 17 of act Mar. 3, 1925, as added by Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, provided that: "If any provision of this Act [enacting this section, sections 167a to 167n of this title, and provisions set out as a note above], or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of this Act or the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby." SEVERANCE PACKAGE FOR HELIUM OPERATIONS EMPLOYEES Pub. L. 106-113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(3) [title I, Sec. 112], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-157, provided that: "(a) Employees of Helium Operations, Bureau of Land Management, entitled to severance pay under 5 U.S.C. 5595, may apply for, and the Secretary of the Interior may pay, the total amount of the severance pay to the employee in a lump sum. Employees paid severance pay in a lump sum and subsequently reemployed by the Federal Government shall be subject to the repayment provisions of 5 U.S.C. 5595(i)(2) and (3), except that any repayment shall be made to the Helium Fund. "(b) Helium Operations employees who elect to continue health benefits after separation shall be liable for not more than the required employee contribution under 5 U.S.C. 8905a(d)(1)(A). The Helium Fund shall pay for 18 months the remaining portion of required contributions. "(c) The Secretary of the Interior may provide for training to assist Helium Operations employees in the transition to other Federal or private sector jobs during the facility shut-down and disposition process and for up to 12 months following separation from Federal employment, including retraining and relocation incentives on the same terms and conditions as authorized for employees of the Department of Defense in section 348 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995 [Pub. L. 103-337, 10 U.S.C. 1597 note]. "(d) For purposes of the annual leave restoration provisions of 5 U.S.C. 6304(d)(1)(B), the cessation of helium production and sales, and other related Helium Program activities shall be deemed to create an exigency of public business under, and annual leave that is lost during leave years 1997 through 2001 because of 5 U.S.C. 6304 (regardless of whether such leave was scheduled in advance) shall be restored to the employee and shall be credited and available in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 6304(d)(2). Annual leave so restored and remaining unused upon the transfer of a Helium Program employee to a position of the executive branch outside of the Helium Program shall be liquidated by payment to the employee of a lump sum from the Helium Fund for such leave. "(e) Benefits under this section shall be paid from the Helium Fund in accordance with section 4(c)(4) of the Helium Privatization Act of 1996 [probably means the Helium Act, which is classified to section 167b(c)(4) of this title]. Funds may be made available to Helium Program employees who are or will be separated before October 1, 2002 because of the cessation of helium production and sales and other related activities. Retraining benefits, including retraining and relocation incentives, may be paid for retraining commencing on or before September 30, 2002. "(f) This section shall remain in effect through fiscal year 2002." Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 105-277, div. A, Sec. 101(e) [title I, Sec. 112], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-231, 2681-254. Pub. L. 105-83, title I, Sec. 113, Nov. 14, 1997, 111 Stat. 1562. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167a 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167a. Authority of Secretary -STATUTE- (a) Extraction and disposal of helium on Federal lands (1) In general The Secretary may enter into agreements with private parties for the recovery and disposal of helium on Federal lands upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary deems fair, reasonable, and necessary. (2) Leasehold rights The Secretary may grant leasehold rights to any such helium. (3) Limitation The Secretary may not enter into any agreement by which the Secretary sells such helium other than to a private party with whom the Secretary has an agreement for recovery and disposal of helium. (4) Regulations Agreements under paragraph (1) may be subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary. (5) Existing rights An agreement under paragraph (1) shall be subject to any rights of any affected Federal oil and gas lessee that may be in existence prior to the date of the agreement. (6) Terms and conditions An agreement under paragraph (1) (and any extension or renewal of an agreement) shall contain such terms and conditions as the Secretary may consider appropriate. (7) Prior agreements This subsection shall not in any manner affect or diminish the rights and obligations of the Secretary and private parties under agreements to dispose of helium produced from Federal lands in existence on October 9, 1996, except to the extent that such agreements are renewed or extended after October 9, 1996. (b) Storage, transportation, and sale The Secretary may store, transport, and sell helium only in accordance with this chapter. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 3, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 918; amended Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 3, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3315.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 3 of act Mar. 3, 1925, related to disposal of helium by sale, use of funds so obtained, and reports to Congress on such uses and was classified to section 164 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 86-777. AMENDMENTS 1996 - Pub. L. 104-273 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section enumerated various aspects of Secretary's authority, including provisions in subsec. (a) relating to conserving, producing, buying, and selling helium, in subsec. (b) relating to helium on public domain, and in subsec. (c) relating to contract price for helium. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167b 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167b. Storage, transportation, and withdrawal of crude helium -STATUTE- (a) Storage, transportation, and withdrawal The Secretary may store, transport, and withdraw crude helium and maintain and operate crude helium storage facilities, in existence on October 9, 1996, at the Bureau of Mines Cliffside Field, and related helium transportation and withdrawal facilities. (b) Cessation of production, refining, and marketing Not later than 18 months after October 9, 1996, the Secretary shall cease producing, refining, and marketing refined helium and shall cease carrying out all other activities relating to helium which the Secretary was authorized to carry out under this chapter before October 9, 1996, except activities described in subsection (a) of this section. (c) Disposal of facilities (1) In general Subject to paragraph (5), not later than 24 months after the cessation of activities referred to in subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary shall designate as excess property and dispose of all facilities, equipment, and other real and personal property, and all interests therein, held by the United States for the purpose of producing, refining and marketing refined helium. (2) Applicable law The disposal of such property shall be in accordance with the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949.(!1) (3) Proceeds All proceeds accruing to the United States by reason of the sale or other disposal of such property shall be treated as moneys received under this chapter for purposes of section 167d(f) of this title. (4) Costs All costs associated with such sale and disposal (including costs associated with termination of personnel) and with the cessation of activities under subsection (b) of this section shall be paid from amounts available in the helium production fund established under section 167d(f) of this title. (5) Exception Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any facilities, equipment, or other real or personal property, or any interest therein, necessary for the storage, transportation, and withdrawal of crude helium or any equipment, facilities, or other real or personal property, required to maintain the purity, quality control, and quality assurance of crude helium in the Bureau of Mines Cliffside Field. (d) Existing contracts (1) In general All contracts that were entered into by any person with the Secretary for the purchase by the person from the Secretary of refined helium and that are in effect on October 9, 1996, shall remain in force and effect until the date on which the refining operations cease, as described in subsection (b) of this section. (2) Costs Any costs associated with the termination of contracts described in paragraph (1) shall be paid from the helium production fund established under section 167d(f) of this title. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 4, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 920; amended Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 3, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3316.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is act June 30, 1949, ch. 288, 63 Stat. 377, as amended. Except for title III of the Act, which is classified generally to subchapter IV (Sec. 251 et seq.) of chapter 4 of Title 41, Public Contracts, the Act was repealed and reenacted by Pub. L. 107-217, Secs. 1, 6(b), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1062, 1304, as chapters 1 to 11 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works. -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 4 of act Mar. 3, 1925, related to exportation of helium gas and was classified to section 165 of this title, prior to repeal by act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, Sec. 542(a)(13), 68 Stat. 861. AMENDMENTS 1996 - Pub. L. 104-273 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of single par. authorizing Secretary to maintain and operate helium production and purification plants and to conduct or contract for research as to helium production, purification, transportation, liquefaction, storage, and utilization. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167c 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167c. Fees for storage, transportation, and withdrawal -STATUTE- (a) In general Whenever the Secretary provides helium storage withdrawal or transportation services to any person, the Secretary shall impose a fee on the person to reimburse the Secretary for the full costs of providing such storage, transportation, and withdrawal. (b) Treatment All fees received by the Secretary under subsection (a) of this section shall be treated as moneys received under this chapter for purposes of section 167d(f) of this title. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 5, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 920; amended Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 3, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3317.) -MISC1- PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 5 of act Mar. 3, 1925, authorized governmental cooperation with Department of the Interior to effectuate the purposes of this chapter and was classified to section 166 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 86- 777. AMENDMENTS 1996 - Pub. L. 104-273 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to licensing for extraction, transportation, and sale of helium under Federal helium refining program, including provisions in subsec. (a) relating to rules and regulations, in subsec. (b) relating to terms, assignments, and revocations of licenses, in subsec. (c) relating to purpose of licenses, and in subsec. (d) relating to suspension of licenses and reacquisition of helium supplies in times of war or national emergency. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167d 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167d. Sale of helium -STATUTE- (a) Purchase by Government agencies The Department of Defense, the Atomic Energy Commission, and other agencies of the Federal Government, to the extent that supplies are readily available, shall purchase all major requirements of helium from persons who have entered into enforceable contracts to purchase an equivalent amount of crude helium from the Secretary. (b) Sales by Secretary The Secretary is authorized to sell crude helium for Federal, medical, scientific, and commercial uses in such quantities and under such terms and conditions as he determines. Except as may be required by reason of subsection (a) of this section, sales of crude helium under this section shall be in amounts as the Secretary determines, in consultation with the helium industry, necessary to carry out this subsection with minimum market disruption. (c) Prices and determinations; repayable amounts Sales of crude helium by the Secretary shall be at prices established by him which shall be adequate to cover all costs incurred in carrying out the provisions of this chapter and to repay to the United States by deposit in the Treasury, all funds required to be repaid to the United States as of October 1, 1995 under this section (referred to in this subsection as "repayable amounts"). The price at which crude helium is sold by the Secretary shall not be less than the amount determined by the Secretary by - (1) dividing the outstanding amount of such repayable amounts by the volume (in million cubic feet) of crude helium owned by the United States and stored in the Bureau of Mines Cliffside Field at the time of the sale concerned, and (2) adjusting the amount determined under paragraph (1) by the Consumer Price Index for years beginning after December 31, 1995. (d) Extraction of helium from deposits on Federal lands All moneys received by the Secretary from the sale or disposition of helium on Federal lands shall be paid to the Treasury and credited against the amounts required to be repaid to the Treasury under subsection (c) of this section. (e) Helium production fund (1) All moneys received under this chapter, including moneys from sale of helium or other products resulting from helium operations and from the sale of excess property shall be credited to the helium production fund, which shall be available without fiscal year limitation, for carrying out the provisions of this chapter, including any research relating to helium carried out by the Department of the Interior. Amounts accumulating in said fund in excess of amounts the Secretary deems necessary to carry out this chapter and contracts negotiated hereunder shall be paid to the Treasury and credited against the amounts required to be repaid to the Treasury under subsection (c) of this section. (2)(A) Within 7 days after the commencement of each fiscal year after the disposal of the facilities referred to in section 167b(c) of this title, all amounts in such fund in excess of $2,000,000 (or such lesser sum as the Secretary deems necessary to carry out this chapter during such fiscal year) shall be paid to the Treasury and credited as provided in paragraph (1). (B) On repayment of all amounts referred to in subsection (c) of this section, the fund established under this section shall be terminated and all moneys received under this chapter shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 6, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 921; amended Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 4, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3317.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1996 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 4(a), substituted "from persons who have entered into enforceable contracts to purchase an equivalent amount of crude helium from the Secretary" for "from the Secretary". Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 4(b), inserted "crude" before "helium" and inserted at end "Except as may be required by reason of subsection (a) of this section, sales of crude helium under this section shall be in amounts as the Secretary determines, in consultation with the helium industry, necessary to carry out this subsection with minimum market disruption." Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 4(c)(2), which directed the amendment of subsec. (c) by substituting "all funds required to be repaid to the United States as of October 1, 1995 under this section (referred to in this subsection as 'repayable amounts'). The price at which crude helium is sold by the Secretary shall not be less than the amount determined by the Secretary by - " and pars. (1) and (2) for "together with interest as provided in this subsection" and all that followed through the end of the subsec., was executed by making the substitution for language which read "together with interest as provided in subsection (d) of this section, the following:" along with former pars. (1) to (3), to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Prior to amendment, pars. (1) to (3) read as follows: "(1) Within twenty-five years from September 13, 1960, the net capital and retained earnings of the helium production fund (established under section 164 of this title prior to amendment by the Helium Act Amendments of 1960), determined by the Secretary as of September 13, 1960, plus any moneys expended thereafter by the Department of the Interior from funds provided in the Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1959, for construction of a helium plant at Keyes, Oklahoma; "(2) Within twenty-five years from the date of borrowing, all funds borrowed, as provided in section 167j of this chapter, to acquire and construct helium plants and facilities; and "(3) Within twenty-five years from September 13, 1960, unless the Secretary determines that said period should be extended for not more than ten years, all funds borrowed, as provided in section 167j of this title for all purposes other than those specified in clause (2) above." Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 4(c)(1), inserted "crude" after "Sales of". Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 4(d), inserted heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Compound interest on the amounts specified in clauses (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (c) of this section which have not been paid to the Treasury shall be calculated annually at rates determined by the Secretary of the Treasury taking into consideration the current average market yields of outstanding marketable obligations of the United States having maturities comparable to the investments authorized by this chapter, except that the interest rate on the amounts specified in clause (1) of subsection (c) of this section shall be determined as of Sept. 13, 1960, and the interest rate on the obligations specified in clauses (2) and (3) of subsection (c) of this section as of the time of each borrowing." Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 4(e), (f), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e)(1), added par. (2), and struck out former subsec. (e) which read as follows: "Helium shall be sold for medical purposes at prices which will permit its general use therefor; and all sales of helium to non-Federal purchasers shall be upon condition that the Federal Government shall have a right to repurchase helium so sold that has not been lost or dissipated, when needed for Government use, under terms and at prices established by regulations." -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See also Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167e 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167e. Intragovernmental cooperation -STATUTE- The Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission may each designate representatives to cooperate with the Secretary in carrying out the purposes of this chapter, and shall have complete right of access to plants, data, and accounts. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 7, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 921.) -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See also Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167f 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167f. Elimination of stockpile -STATUTE- (a) Stockpile sales (1) Commencement Not later than January 1, 2005, the Secretary shall commence offering for sale crude helium from helium reserves owned by the United States in such amounts as would be necessary to dispose of all such helium reserves in excess of 600,000,000 cubic feet on a straight-line basis between such date and January 1, 2015. (2) Times of sale The sales shall be at such times during each year and in such lots as the Secretary determines, in consultation with the helium industry, to be necessary to carry out this subsection with minimum market disruption. (3) Price The price for all sales under paragraph (1), as determined by the Secretary in consultation with the helium industry, shall be such price as will ensure repayment of the amounts required to be repaid to the Treasury under section 167d(c) of this title. (b) Discovery of additional reserves The discovery of additional helium reserves shall not affect the duty of the Secretary to make sales of helium under subsection (a) of this section. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 8, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 922; amended Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 5, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3318.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1996 - Pub. L. 104-273 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to condemnation proceedings under Federal helium refining program. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167g 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167g. Promulgation of rules and regulations -STATUTE- The Secretary is authorized to establish and promulgate such rules and regulations, as are consistent with the directions of this chapter and are necessary to carry out the provisions hereof. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 9, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 922.) -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167h 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167h. Administrative procedure -STATUTE- (a) The provisions of subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5 shall apply to any agency proceeding and any agency action taken under this chapter, including the issuance of rules and regulations, and the terms "agency proceeding" and "agency action" shall have the meaning specified in subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5. (b) In any proceeding under this chapter for the granting, suspending, revoking, or amending of any license, or application to transfer control thereof, and in any proceeding for the issuance or modification of rules and regulations dealing with the activities of licensees, the Secretary shall grant a hearing upon the request of any person whose interest may be affected by the proceeding, and shall admit any such person as a party to such proceeding. Any final order entered in any such proceeding shall be subject to judicial review in the manner prescribed in chapter 158 of title 28, and to the provisions of chapter 7 of title 5. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 10, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 922.) -COD- CODIFICATION In subsecs. (a) and (b), "subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5" and "chapter 7 of title 5" substituted for "the Administrative Procedure Act of June 11, 1946 (60 Stat. 637; 5 U.S.C. 1001-1011), as amended", "the Administrative Procedure Act", and "section 10 of the Administrative Procedure Act", respectively, on authority of Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. In subsec. (b), "chapter 158 of title 28" substituted for "the Act of December 29, 1950 (64 Stat. 1129; 5 U.S.C. 1031-1042), as amended" on authority of Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, section 4(e) of which enacted chapter 158 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167i 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167i. Exclusion from Natural Gas Act provisions -STATUTE- The provisions of the Natural Gas Act of June 21, 1938, as amended [15 U.S.C. 717 et seq.], shall not be applicable to the sale, extraction, processing, transportation, or storage of helium either prior to or subsequent to the separation of such helium from the natural gas with which it is commingled, whether or not the provisions of such Act apply to such natural gas, and in determining the rates of a natural gas company under sections 4 and 5 of the Natural Gas Act, as amended [15 U.S.C. 717c, 717d], whenever helium is extracted from helium-bearing natural gas, there shall be excluded (1) all income received from the sale of helium; (2) all direct costs incurred in the extraction, processing, compression, transportation or storage of helium; and (3) that portion of joint costs of exploration, production, gathering, extraction, processing, compression, transportation or storage divided and allocated to helium on a volumetric basis. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 11, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 922.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT The Natural Gas Act of June 21, 1938, as amended, referred to in text, means act June 21, 1938, ch. 556, 52 Stat. 821, as amended, known as the Natural Gas Act, which is classified generally to chapter 15B (Sec. 717 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 717w of Title 15 and Tables. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167j 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167j. Land conveyance in Potter County, Texas -STATUTE- (a) In general The Secretary of the Interior shall transfer all right, title, and interest of the United States in and to the parcel of land described in subsection (b) of this section to the Texas Plains Girl Scout Council for consideration of $1, reserving to the United States such easements as may be necessary for pipeline rights-of- way. (b) Land description The parcel of land referred to in subsection (a) of this section is all those certain lots, tracts or parcels of land lying and being situated in the County of Potter and State of Texas, and being the East Three Hundred Thirty-One (E331) acres out of Section Seventy-eight (78) in Block Nine (9), B.S. & F. Survey, (some times known as the G.D. Landis pasture) Potter County, Texas, located by certificate No. 1/39 and evidenced by letters patents Nos. 411 and 412 issued by the State of Texas under date of November 23, 1937, and of record in Vol. 66A of the Patent Records of the State of Texas. The metes and bounds description of such lands is as follows: (1) First tract One Hundred Seventy-one (171) acres of land known as the North part of the East part of said survey Seventy-eight (78) aforesaid, described by metes and bounds as follows: Beginning at a stone 20 x 12 x 3 inches marked X, set by W.D. Twichell in 1905, for the Northeast corner of this survey and the Northwest corner of Section 59; Thence, South 0 degrees 12 minutes East with the West line of said Section 59, 999.4 varas to the Northeast corner of the South 160 acres of East half of Section 78; Thence, North 89 degrees 47 minutes West with the North line of the South 150 acres of the East half, 956.8 varas to a point in the East line of the West half Section 78; Thence, North 0 degrees 10 minutes West with the East line of the West half 999.4 varas to a stone 18 x 14 x 3 inches in the middle of the South line of Section 79; Thence, South 89 degrees 47 minutes East 965 varas to the place of beginning. (2) Second tract One Hundred Sixty (160) acres of land known as the South part of the East part of said survey No. Seventy-eight (78) described by metes and bounds as follows: Beginning at the Southwest corner of Section 59, a stone marked X and a pile of stones; Thence, North 89 degrees 47 minutes West with the North line of Section 77, 966.5 varas to the Southeast corner of the West half of Section 78; Thence, North 0 degrees 10 minutes West with the East line of the West half of Section 78; Thence, South 89 degrees 47 minutes East 965.8 varas to a point in the East line of Section 78; Thence, South 0 degrees 12 minutes East 934.6 varas to the place of beginning. Containing an area of 331 acres, more or less. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 12, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 923; amended Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 6, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3318.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1996 - Pub. L. 104-273 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to Secretary's authority under Federal helium refining program to obtain loans and issue obligations to carry out program. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167k 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167k. Violations; penalties -STATUTE- Whoever willfully violates, attempts to violate, or conspires to violate, any provision of this chapter or any regulation or order issued or any terms of a license granted thereunder shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $5,000 or by imprisonment for not more than two years, or both, except that whoever commits such an offense with intent to injure the United States or with intent to secure an advantage to any foreign nation, shall upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $20,000 or by imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 13, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 923.) -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167l 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167l. Injunctions -STATUTE- Whenever in the judgment of the Secretary any person has engaged or is about to engage in any act or practice which constitutes or will constitute a violation of any provision of this chapter, or any regulation or order issued or any term of a license granted thereunder, any such act or practice may be enjoined by any district court having jurisdiction of such person, and proper proceedings to this end may be instituted under the direction of the Attorney General of the United States. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 14, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 923.) -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167m 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167m. Report on helium -STATUTE- (a) NAS study and report Not later than three years before the date on which the Secretary commences offering for sale crude helium under section 167f of this title, the Secretary shall enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences to study and report on whether such disposal of helium reserves will have a substantial adverse effect on United States scientific, technical, biomedical, or national security interests. (b) Transmission to Congress Not later than 18 months before the date on which the Secretary commences offering for sale crude helium under section 167f of this title, the Secretary shall transmit to the Congress - (1) the report of the National Academy under subsection (a) of this section; (2) the findings of the Secretary, after consideration of the conclusions of the National Academy under subsection (a) of this section and after consultation with the United States helium industry and with heads of affected Federal agencies, as to whether the disposal of the helium reserve under section 167f of this title will have a substantial adverse effect on the United States helium industry, United States,(!1) helium market or United States,(!1) scientific, technological, biomedical, or national security interests; and (3) if the Secretary determines that selling the crude helium reserves under the formula established in section 167f of this title will have a substantial adverse effect on the United States helium industry, the United States helium market or United States scientific, technological, biomedical, or national security interest, the Secretary shall make recommendations, including recommendations for proposed legislation, as may be necessary to avoid such adverse effects. -SOURCE- (Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 15, as added Pub. L. 86-777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 923; amended Pub. L. 104-273, Sec. 7, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3319.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1996 - Pub. L. 104-273 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to individual enterprise in developing helium. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) So in original. The comma probably should not appear. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 167n 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 10 - HELIUM GAS -HEAD- Sec. 167n. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 167n. Repealed. Pub. L. 105-362, title IX, Sec. 901(q), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3291. Section, act Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 426, Sec. 16, as added Pub. L. 86- 777, Sec. 2, Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 923, directed Secretary of the Interior to make annual reports to Congress. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 11 - ACQUISITION OF AND EXPENDITURES ON LAND FOR NATIONAL-DEFENSE PURPOSES 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 11 - ACQUISITION OF AND EXPENDITURES ON LAND FOR NATIONAL-DEFENSE PURPOSES -HEAD- CHAPTER 11 - ACQUISITION OF AND EXPENDITURES ON LAND FOR NATIONAL-DEFENSE PURPOSES -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 171, 171-1 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 11 - ACQUISITION OF AND EXPENDITURES ON LAND FOR NATIONAL-DEFENSE PURPOSES -HEAD- Secs. 171, 171-1. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 171, 171-1. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. Section 171, acts Aug. 18, 1890, ch. 797, Sec. 1, 26 Stat. 316; July 2, 1917, ch. 35, 40 Stat. 241; Apr. 11, 1918, ch. 51, 40 Stat. 518, authorized Secretary of War to institute condemnation proceedings for acquisition of land, to purchase land, and to accept donations of land. See section 2663 of Title 10, Armed Forces. Section 171-1, act Oct. 25, 1951, ch. 563, Sec. 101, 65 Stat. 641, granted certain condemnation authority to Secretary of Navy. See sections 2663 and 2668 of Title 10. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 171a 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 11 - ACQUISITION OF AND EXPENDITURES ON LAND FOR NATIONAL-DEFENSE PURPOSES -HEAD- Sec. 171a. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Section, act July 2, 1917, ch. 35, Sec. 2, as added Mar. 27, 1942, ch. 199, title II, Sec. 201, 56 Stat. 177, related to acquisition of real property during war, and terminated on Dec. 28, 1945 by act Mar. 27, 1942, ch. 199, title II, Sec. 202, as added Dec. 28, 1945, ch. 590, Sec. 1(a), 59 Stat. 658. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 171b 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 11 - ACQUISITION OF AND EXPENDITURES ON LAND FOR NATIONAL-DEFENSE PURPOSES -HEAD- Sec. 171b. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 171b. Repealed. Pub. L. 85-861, Sec. 36A, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1570. Section, acts Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 939, title IV, Sec. 406, 70 Stat. 1015; Aug. 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85-685, title V, Sec. 510, 72 Stat. 662, related to acquisition of land not exceeding $5,000 in cost. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 172, 173 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 11 - ACQUISITION OF AND EXPENDITURES ON LAND FOR NATIONAL-DEFENSE PURPOSES -HEAD- Secs. 172, 173. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 172, 173. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. Section 172, act July 9, 1918, ch. 143, subch. XV Sec. 8, 40 Stat. 888, related to acquisition of property for production of lumber. See section 2665 of Title 10, Armed Forces. Section 173, act Apr. 28, 1904, ch. 1762, Sec. 1, 33 Stat. 497, related to purchase of land for quarters and barracks in addition to sites for fortifications. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 174 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 11 - ACQUISITION OF AND EXPENDITURES ON LAND FOR NATIONAL-DEFENSE PURPOSES -HEAD- Sec. 174. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Section, act Aug. 18, 1890, ch. 797, Sec. 1, 26 Stat. 316, provided that nothing contained in former section 171 of this title should be construed to authorize an expenditure or involve the Government in any contract for future payment of money in excess of sums appropriated therefor. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 175 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 11 - ACQUISITION OF AND EXPENDITURES ON LAND FOR NATIONAL-DEFENSE PURPOSES -HEAD- Sec. 175. Transferred -COD- CODIFICATION Section, R.S. Sec. 355; June 28, 1930, ch. 710, 46 Stat. 828; Feb. 1, 1940, ch. 18, 54 Stat. 19; Oct. 9, 1940, ch. 793, 54 Stat. 1083; Sept. 1, 1970, Pub. L. 91-393, Sec. 1, 84 Stat. 835, which related to approval of title prior to Federal land purchases, payment of title expenses, application to Tennessee Valley Authority, and Federal jurisdiction over acquisitions, was transferred to section 255 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and was repealed and reenacted as sections 3111 and 3112 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, by Pub. L. 107-217, Secs. 1, 6(b), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1062, 1304, as amended by Pub. L. 108-178, Sec. 2(a)(8), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2638, 2640. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 176 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 11 - ACQUISITION OF AND EXPENDITURES ON LAND FOR NATIONAL-DEFENSE PURPOSES -HEAD- Sec. 176. Omitted -COD- CODIFICATION Section, act Mar. 28, 1918, ch. 28, Sec. 1, 40 Stat. 460, authorized acquisition of property on Hudson River owned by North German Lloyd Dock Company and Hamburg-American Line Terminal & Navigation Company and provided that section 175 of this title did not apply to expenditures authorized in connection with such property. The President, by proclamation dated June 28, 1918, took possession of such property. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 177 to 179 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 11 - ACQUISITION OF AND EXPENDITURES ON LAND FOR NATIONAL-DEFENSE PURPOSES -HEAD- Secs. 177 to 179. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 177 to 179. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat 641. Section 177, act June 25, 1906, ch. 3540, 34 Stat. 463, related to contracts for construction of fortifications and other works of defense. Section 178, act Apr. 11, 1898, No. 21, 30 Stat. 737, provided for erection of forts in emergency. See sections 4776 and 9776 of Title 10, Armed Forces. Section 179, act June 30, 1921, ch. 33, Sec. 1, 42 Stat. 81, related to chargeability of appropriations with respect to transportation cost incident to construction and maintenance of seacoast fortifications. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -MISC1- Sec. 191. Regulation of anchorage and movement of vessels during national emergency. 191a. Transfer of Secretary of Transportation's powers to Secretary of Navy when Coast Guard operates as part of Navy. 191b, 191c. Repealed. 192. Seizure and forfeiture of vessel; fine and imprisonment. 193. Repealed. 194. Enforcement provisions. 195. Definitions. 196. Emergency foreign vessel acquisition; purchase or requisition of vessels lying idle in United States waters. 197. Voluntary purchase or charter agreements. 198. Requisitioned vessels. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 191 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 191. Regulation of anchorage and movement of vessels during national emergency -STATUTE- Whenever the President by proclamation or Executive order declares a national emergency to exist by reason of actual or threatened war, insurrection, or invasion, or disturbance or threatened disturbance of the international relations of the United States, or whenever the Attorney General determines that an actual or anticipated mass migration of aliens en route to, or arriving off the coast of, the United States presents urgent circumstances requiring an immediate Federal response, the Secretary of Transportation may make, subject to the approval of the President, rules and regulations governing the anchorage and movement of any vessel, foreign or domestic, in the territorial waters of the United States, may inspect such vessel at any time, place guards thereon, and, if necessary in his opinion in order to secure such vessels from damage or injury, or to prevent damage or injury to any harbor or waters of the United States, or to secure the observance of the rights and obligations of the United States, may take, by and with the consent of the President, for such purposes, full possession and control of such vessel and remove therefrom the officers and crew thereof and all other persons not specially authorized by him to go or remain on board thereof. Whenever the President finds that the security of the United States is endangered by reason of actual or threatened war, or invasion, or insurrection, or subversive activity, or of disturbances or threatened disturbances of the international relations of the United States, the President is authorized to institute such measures and issue such rules and regulations - (a) to govern the anchorage and movement of any foreign-flag vessels in the territorial waters of the United States, to inspect such vessels at any time, to place guards thereon, and, if necessary in his opinion in order to secure such vessels from damage or injury, or to prevent damage or injury to any harbor or waters of the United States, or to secure the observance of rights and obligations of the United States, may take for such purposes full possession and control of such vessels and remove therefrom the officers and crew thereof, and all other persons not especially authorized by him to go or remain on board thereof; (b) to safeguard against destruction, loss, or injury from sabotage or other subversive acts, accidents, or other causes of similar nature, vessels, harbors, ports, and waterfront facilities in the United States and all territory and water, continental or insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. The President may delegate the authority to issue such rules and regulations to the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating. Any appropriation available to any of the Executive Departments shall be available to carry out the provisions of this title.(!1) -SOURCE- (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title II, Sec. 1, 40 Stat. 220; Aug. 9, 1950, ch. 656, Sec. 1, 64 Stat. 427; Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, Sec. 2(b), 64 Stat. 1038; Pub. L. 89-670, Sec. 6(b)(1), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 938; Pub. L. 96-70, title III, Sec. 3302(a), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 104-208, div. C, title VI, Sec. 649, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-711; Pub. L. 108-293, title II, Sec. 223, Aug. 9, 2004, 118 Stat. 1040.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This title, referred to in text, means title II of act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, 40 Stat. 220, as amended, which enacted sections 191 and 192 to 194 of this title. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 2004 - Pub. L. 108-293 inserted "The President may delegate the authority to issue such rules and regulations to the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating." at beginning of concluding provisions. 1996 - Pub. L. 104-208, in first par., inserted "or whenever the Attorney General determines that an actual or anticipated mass migration of aliens en route to, or arriving off the coast of, the United States presents urgent circumstances requiring an immediate Federal response," after "international relations of the United States,". 1979 - Pub. L. 96-70 struck out second par., providing that within the territory and waters of the Canal Zone the Governor of the Canal Zone, with the approval of the President, shall exercise all the powers conferred by this section on the Secretary of the Treasury, and in cl. (b) of third par., struck out "the Canal Zone," after "facilities in the United States,". 1950 - Act Sept. 26, 1950, substituted "Governor of the Canal Zone" for "Governor of the Panama Canal" in second par. Act Aug. 9, 1950, authorized the President to institute such rules and regulations to control anchorage and movement of foreign- flag vessels in United States waters when the national security is endangered. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96-70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. TERMINATION DATE OF 1950 AMENDMENT Section 4 of act Aug. 9, 1950, provided that: "The provisions of this Act [amending this section and sections 192 and 194 of this title] shall expire on such date as may be specified by concurrent resolution of the two Houses of Congress." TERMINATION OF WAR AND EMERGENCIES Act July 25, 1947, ch. 327, Sec. 3, 61 Stat. 451, provided that in the interpretation of this section, the date July 25, 1947, shall be deemed to be the date of termination of any state of war theretofore declared by Congress and of the national emergencies proclaimed by the President on Sept. 8, 1939, and May 27, 1941. REGULATIONS - POST-WAR GENERALLY For regulations relating to safeguarding of vessels, harbors, ports, and waterfront facilities, under a finding that the security of the United States is endangered by reason of subversive activity, see Ex. Ord. No. 10173, Oct. 18, 1950, 15 F.R. 7005. REGULATIONS - WORLD WAR II Proc. No. 2732, June 2, 1947, 12 F.R. 3583, 61 Stat. 1069, revoked Proc. No. 2412, June 27, 1940, 5 F.R. 2419, 54 Stat. 2711, which granted consent of President to the exercise of certain powers under this section by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Governor of the Canal Zone. REGULATIONS - WORLD WAR I A proclamation was issued under this section on December 3, 1917. SEPARABILITY Section 4 of title XIII of act June 15, 1917, provided: "If any clause, sentence, paragraph, or part of this Act [see Tables for classification] shall for any reason be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair, or invalidate the remainder thereof but shall be confined in its operation to the clause, sentence, paragraph, or part thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment shall have been rendered." -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. "Secretary of Transportation" substituted for "Secretary of the Treasury" in first paragraph of text pursuant to section 6(b)(1) of Pub. L. 89-670, which transferred Coast Guard to Department of Transportation and transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation functions, powers, and duties, relating to Coast Guard, of Secretary of the Treasury and of other officers and offices of Department of the Treasury. See section 108 of Title 49, Transportation. DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation to Secretary of the Treasury of authority vested in President by this section, see section 2(e) of Ex. Ord. No. 10289, Sept. 17, 1951, 16 F.R. 9499, as amended, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President. -EXEC- PROC. NO. 6867. DECLARATION OF NATIONAL EMERGENCY AND INVOCATION OF EMERGENCY AUTHORITY RELATING TO REGULATION OF ANCHORAGE AND MOVEMENT OF VESSELS Proc. No. 6867, Mar. 1, 1996, 61 F.R. 8843, provided: WHEREAS, on February 24, 1996, Cuban military aircraft intercepted and destroyed two unarmed U.S.-registered civilian aircraft in international airspace north of Cuba; WHEREAS the Government of Cuba has demonstrated a ready and reckless willingness to use excessive force, including deadly force, in the ostensible enforcement of its sovereignty; WHEREAS, on July 13, 1995, persons in U.S.-registered vessels who entered into Cuban territorial waters suffered injury as a result of the reckless use of force against them by the Cuban military; and WHEREAS the entry of U.S.-registered vessels into Cuban territorial waters could again result in injury to, or loss of life of, persons engaged in that conduct, due to the potential use of excessive force, including deadly force, against them by the Cuban military, and could threaten a disturbance in international relations; NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 1 of title II of Public Law 65-24, ch. 30, June 15, 1917, as amended (50 U.S.C. 191), sections 201 and 301 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) [50 U.S.C. 1621, 1631], and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, find and do hereby proclaim that a national emergency does exist by reason of a disturbance or threatened disturbance of international relations. In order to address this national emergency and to secure the observance of the rights and obligations of the United States, I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of Transportation (the "Secretary") to make and issue such rules and regulations as the Secretary may find appropriate to regulate the anchorage and movement of vessels, and delegate to the Secretary my authority to approve such rules and regulations, as authorized by the Act of June 15, 1917 [see Tables for classification]. Section 1. The Secretary may make rules and regulations governing the anchorage and movement of any vessel, foreign or domestic, in the territorial waters of the United States, which may be used, or is susceptible of being used, for voyage into Cuban territorial waters and that may create unsafe conditions and threaten a disturbance of international relations. Any rule or regulation issued pursuant to this proclamation may be effective immediately upon issuance as such rule or regulation shall involve a foreign affairs function of the United States. Sec. 2. The Secretary is authorized to inspect any vessel, foreign or domestic, in the territorial waters of the United States, at any time; to place guards on any such vessel; and, with my consent expressly hereby granted, take full possession and control of any such vessel and remove the officers and crew, and all other persons not specifically authorized by the Secretary to go or remain on board the vessel when necessary to secure the rights and obligations of the United States. Sec. 3. The Secretary may request assistance from such departments, agencies, officers, or instrumentalities of the United States as the Secretary deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this proclamation. Such departments, agencies, officers, or instrumentalities shall, consistent with other provisions of law and to the extent practicable, provide requested assistance. Sec. 4. The Secretary may seek assistance from State and local authorities in carrying out the purposes of this proclamation. Because State and local assistance may be essential for an effective response to this emergency, I urge all State and local officials to cooperate with Federal authorities and to take all actions within their lawful authority necessary to prevent the unauthorized departure of vessels intending to enter Cuban territorial waters. Sec. 5. All powers and authorities delegated by this proclamation to the Secretary may be delegated by the Secretary to other officers and agents of the United States Government unless otherwise prohibited by law. Sec. 6. This proclamation shall be immediately transmitted to the Congress and published in the Federal Register. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twentieth. William J. Clinton. CONTINUATION OF NATIONAL EMERGENCY DECLARED BY PROC. NO. 6867 Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 26, 2007, 72 F.R. 9231, provided: On March 1, 1996, by Proclamation 6867 [set out above], a national emergency was declared to address the disturbance or threatened disturbance of international relations caused by the February 24, 1996, destruction by the Cuban government of two unarmed U.S.-registered civilian aircraft in international airspace north of Cuba. In July 1996 and on subsequent occasions, the Cuban government stated its intent to forcefully defend its sovereignty against any U.S.-registered vessels or aircraft that might enter Cuban territorial waters or airspace while involved in a flotilla or peaceful protest. Since these events, the Cuban government has not demonstrated that it will refrain from the future use of reckless and excessive force against U.S. vessels or aircraft that may engage in memorial activities or peaceful protest north of Cuba. On February 26, 2004, by Proclamation 7757 [set out below], the scope of the national emergency was expanded in order to deny monetary and material support to the repressive Cuban government, which had taken a series of steps to destabilize relations with the United States, including threatening to abrogate the Migration Accords with the United States and to close the United States Interests Section. Further, Cuba's most senior officials repeatedly asserted that the United States intended to invade Cuba, despite explicit denials from the U.S. Secretaries of State and Defense that such action is planned. Therefore, in accordance with section 202(d) of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am continuing the national emergency with respect to Cuba and the emergency authority relating to the regulation of the anchorage and movement of vessels set out in Proclamation 6867 as amended and expanded by Proclamation 7757. This notice shall be published in the Federal Register and transmitted to the Congress. George W. Bush. Prior continuations of national emergency declared by Proc. No. 6867 were contained in the following: Notice of President of the United States, dated Jan. 10, 2006, 71 F.R. 2133. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 18, 2005, 70 F.R. 8919. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 26, 2004, 69 F.R. 9513. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 27, 2003, 68 F.R. 9849. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 26, 2002, 67 F.R. 9387. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 27, 2001, 66 F.R. 12841. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 25, 2000, 65 F.R. 10929. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 24, 1999, 64 F.R. 9903. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 25, 1998, 63 F.R. 9923. Notice of President of the United States, dated Feb. 27, 1997, 62 F.R. 9347. PROC. NO. 7757. EXPANDING THE SCOPE OF THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY AND INVOCATION OF EMERGENCY AUTHORITY RELATING TO THE REGULATION OF THE ANCHORAGE AND MOVEMENT OF VESSELS INTO CUBAN TERRITORIAL WATERS Proc. No. 7757, Feb. 26, 2004, 69 F.R. 9515, provided: By the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, in order to expand the scope of the national emergency declared in Proclamation 6867 of March 1, 1996 [set out above], based on the disturbance or threatened disturbance of the international relations of the United States caused by actions taken by the Cuban government, and in light of steps taken over the past year by the Cuban government to worsen the threat to United States international relations, and, WHEREAS the United States has determined that Cuba is a state- sponsor of terrorism and it is subject to the restrictions of section 6(j)(1)(A) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 [50 U.S.C. App. 2405(j)(1)(A)], section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2371], and section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2780]; WHEREAS the Cuban government has demonstrated a ready and reckless willingness to use excessive force, including deadly force, against U.S. citizens, in the ostensible enforcement of its sovereignty, including the February 1996 shoot-down of two unarmed U.S.-registered civilian aircraft in international airspace, resulting in the deaths of three American citizens and one other individual; WHEREAS the Cuban government has demonstrated a ready and reckless willingness to use excessive force, including deadly force, against U.S. citizens and its own citizens, including on July 13, 1995, when persons in U.S.-registered vessels that entered into Cuban territorial waters suffered injury as a result of the reckless use of force against them by the Cuban military, and including the July 1994 sinking of an unarmed Cuban-registered vessel, resulting in the deaths of 41 Cuban citizens; WHEREAS the Cuban government has impounded U.S.-registered vessels in Cuban ports and forced the owners, as a condition of release, to violate U.S. law by requiring payments to be made to the Cuban government; WHEREAS the entry of any U.S.-registered vessels into Cuban territorial waters could result in injury to, or loss of life of, persons engaged in that conduct, due to the potential use of excessive force, including deadly force, against them by the Cuban military, and could threaten a disturbance of international relations; WHEREAS the unauthorized entry of vessels subject to the jurisdiction of the United States into Cuban territorial waters is in violation of U.S. law and contrary to U.S. policy; WHEREAS the objectives of U.S. policy regarding Cuba are the end of the dictatorship and a rapid, peaceful transition to a representative democracy respectful of human rights and characterized by an open market economic system; WHEREAS a critical initiative by the United States to advance these U.S. objectives is to deny resources to the repressive Cuban government, resources that may be used by that government to support terrorist activities and carry out excessive use of force against innocent victims, including U.S. citizens; WHEREAS the unauthorized entry of U.S.-registered vessels into Cuban territorial waters is detrimental to the foreign policy of the United States, which is to deny monetary and material support to the repressive Cuban government, and, therefore, such unauthorized entries threaten to disturb the international relations of the United States by facilitating the Cuban government's support of terrorism, use of excessive force, and continued existence; WHEREAS the Cuban government has over the course of its 45-year existence repeatedly used violence and the threat of violence to undermine U.S. policy interests. This same regime continues in power today, and has since 1959 maintained a pattern of hostile actions contrary to U.S. policy interests. Among other things, the Cuban government established a military alliance with the Soviet Union, and invited Soviet forces to install nuclear missiles in Cuba capable of attacking the United States, and encouraged Soviet authorities to use those weapons against the United States; it engaged in military adventurism in Africa; and it helped to form and provide material and political support to terrorist organizations that sought the violent overthrow of democratically elected governments in Central America and elsewhere in the hemisphere allied with the United States, thereby causing repeated disturbances of U.S. international relations; WHEREAS the Cuban government has recently and over the last year taken a series of steps to destabilize relations with the United States, including threatening to abrogate the Migration Accords with the United States and to close the U.S. Interests Section, and Cuba's most senior officials repeatedly asserting that the United States intended to invade Cuba, despite explicit denials from the U.S. Secretaries of State and Defense that such action is planned, thereby causing a sudden and worsening disturbance of U.S. international relations; WHEREAS U.S. concerns about these unforeseen Cuban government actions that threaten to disturb international relations were sufficiently grave that on May 8, 2003, the United States warned the Cuban government that political manipulations that resulted in a mass migration would be viewed as a "hostile act;" NOW, THEREFORE, I, GEORGE W. BUSH, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 1 of title II of Public Law 65-24, ch. 30, June 15, 1917, as amended (50 U.S.C. 191), sections 201 and 301 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) [50 U.S.C. 1621, 1631], and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, in order to expand the scope of the national emergency declared in Proclamation 6867 of March 1, 1996 [set out above], and to secure the observance of the rights and obligations of the United States, hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of Homeland Security (the "Secretary") to make and issue such rules and regulations as the Secretary may find appropriate to regulate the anchorage and movement of vessels, and authorize and approve the Secretary's issuance of such rules and regulations, as authorized by the Act of June 15, 1917 [see Tables for classification]. Section 1. The Secretary may make rules and regulations governing the anchorage and movement of any vessel, foreign or domestic, in the territorial waters of the United States, which may be used, or is susceptible of being used, for voyage into Cuban territorial waters and that may create unsafe conditions, or result in unauthorized transactions, and thereby threaten a disturbance of international relations. Any rule or regulation issued pursuant to this proclamation may be effective immediately upon issuance as such rule or regulation shall involve a foreign affairs function of the United States. Sec. 2. The Secretary is authorized to inspect any vessel, foreign or domestic, in the territorial waters of the United States, at any time; to place guards on any such vessel; and, with my consent expressly hereby granted, take full possession and control of any such vessel and remove the officers and crew and all other persons not specifically authorized by the Secretary to go or remain on board the vessel when necessary to secure the rights and obligations of the United States. Sec. 3. The Secretary may request assistance from such departments, agencies, officers, or instrumentalities of the United States as the Secretary deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this proclamation. Such departments, agencies, officers, or instrumentalities shall, consistent with other provisions of law and to the extent practicable, provide requested assistance. Sec. 4. The Secretary may seek assistance from State and local authorities in carrying out the purposes of this proclamation. Because State and local assistance may be essential for an effective response to this emergency, I urge all State and local officials to cooperate with Federal authorities and to take all actions within their lawful authority necessary to prevent the unauthorized departure of vessels intending to enter Cuban territorial waters. Sec. 5. All powers and authorities delegated by this proclamation to the Secretary may be delegated by the Secretary to other officers and agents of the United States Government unless otherwise prohibited by law. Sec. 6. Any provisions of Proclamation 6867 [set out above] that are inconsistent with the provisions of this proclamation are superseded to the extent of such inconsistency. Sec. 7. This proclamation shall be immediately transmitted to the Congress and published in the Federal Register. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord two thousand four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-eighth. George W. Bush. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 191a 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 191a. Transfer of Secretary of Transportation's powers to Secretary of Navy when Coast Guard operates as part of Navy -STATUTE- When the Coast Guard operates as a part of the Navy pursuant to section 3 of title 14, the powers conferred on the Secretary of Transportation by section 191 of this title, shall vest in and be exercised by the Secretary of the Navy. -SOURCE- (Nov. 15, 1941, ch. 471, Sec. 2, 55 Stat. 763; Pub. L. 87-845, Sec. 11, Oct. 18, 1962, 76A Stat. 699; Pub. L. 89-670, Sec. 6(b)(1), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 938.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1962 - Pub. L. 87-845 substituted "section 3 of title 14" for "section 1 of title 14". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1962 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 87-845 effective Jan. 2, 1963, see section 25 of Pub. L. 87-845, set out as a note under section 414 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. "Secretary of Transportation" substituted in text for "Secretary of the Treasury" pursuant to section 6(b)(1) of Pub. L. 89-670, which transferred Coast Guard to Department of Transportation and transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation functions, powers, and duties, relating to Coast Guard, of Secretary of the Treasury and of other officers and offices of Department of the Treasury. See section 108 of Title 49, Transportation. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 191b 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 191b. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 191b. Repealed. Pub. L. 96-70, title III, Sec. 3303(a)(5), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 499. Section, acts Nov. 15, 1941, ch. 471, Sec. 4, 55 Stat. 763; Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, Sec. 2(b), 64 Stat. 1038; Oct. 18, 1962, Pub. L. 87-845, Sec. 12, 76A Stat. 699, provided that this section, section 191a of this title, and section 91 of title 14 not affect the authority of the Governor of the Canal Zone conferred by section 191 of this title or section 34 of Title 2, Canal Zone Code. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96-70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 191c 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 191c. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 191c. Repealed. Aug. 4, 1949, ch. 393, Sec. 20, 63 Stat. 561. Section, act Nov. 15, 1941, ch. 471, Sec. 1, 55 Stat. 763, related to control of anchorage and movement of vessels to insure safety of naval vessels. See section 91 of Title 14, Coast Guard. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 192 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 192. Seizure and forfeiture of vessel; fine and imprisonment -STATUTE- (a) In general If any owner, agent, master, officer, or person in charge, or any member of the crew of any such vessel fails to comply with any regulation or rule issued or order given under the provisions of this title,(!1) or obstructs or interferes with the exercise of any power conferred by this title,(!1) the vessel, together with her tackle, apparel, furniture, and equipment, shall be subject to seizure and forfeiture to the United States in the same manner as merchandise is forfeited for violation of the customs revenue laws; and the person guilty of such failure, obstruction, or interference shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than ten years and may, in the discretion of the court, be fined not more than $10,000. (b) Application to others If any other person knowingly fails to comply with any regulation or rule issued or order given under the provisions of this title,(!1) or knowingly obstructs or interferes with the exercise of any power conferred by this title,(!1) he shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than ten years and may, at the discretion of the court, be fined not more than $10,000. (c) Civil penalty A person violating this title,(!1) or a regulation prescribed under this title,(!1) shall be liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 for each violation. Each day of a continuing violation shall constitute a separate violation. (d) In rem liability Any vessel that is used in violation of this title,(!1) or of any regulation issued under this title,(!1) shall be liable in rem for any civil penalty assessed pursuant to subsection (c) of this section and may be proceeded against in the United States district court for any district in which such vessel may be found. (e) Withholding of clearance (1) In general If any owner, agent, master, officer, or person in charge of a vessel is liable for a penalty or fine under subsection (c) of this section, or if reasonable cause exists to believe that the owner, agent, master, officer, or person in charge may be subject to a penalty or fine under this section, the Secretary may, with respect to such vessel, refuse or revoke any clearance required by section 60105 of title 46. (2) Clearance upon filing of bond or other surety The Secretary may require the filing of a bond or other surety as a condition of granting clearance refused or revoked under this subsection. -SOURCE- (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title II, Sec. 2, 40 Stat. 220; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, Sec. 3(a), 54 Stat. 79; Nov. 15, 1941, ch. 471, Sec. 3, 55 Stat. 763; Aug. 9, 1950, ch. 656, Sec. 3, 64 Stat. 428; Pub. L. 107-295, title I, Sec. 104(b), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2085; Pub. L. 108-293, title VIII, Sec. 802(b), Aug. 9, 2004, 118 Stat. 1079.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This title, referred to in subsecs. (a) to (d), means title II of act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, 40 Stat. 220, as amended, which enacted sections 191 and 192 to 194 of this title. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see Tables. -COD- CODIFICATION In subsec. (e)(1), "section 60105 of title 46" substituted for "section 4197 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (46 U.S.C. App. 91)" on authority of Pub. L. 109-304, Sec. 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted section 60105 of Title 46, Shipping. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 2004 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108-293, Sec. 802(b)(1), substituted "title" for "Act" in two places. Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 108-293, Sec. 802(b)(2), added subsecs. (d) and (e). 2002 - Pub. L. 107-295 inserted subsec. headings, designated first par. as subsec. (a), redesignated former subsec. (a) as (b), and added subsec. (c). 1950 - Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 9, 1950, added subsec. (a). 1941 - Act Nov. 15, 1941, struck out "by the Secretary of the Treasury or the Governor of the Panama Canal" before "under the provisions of this title". 1940 - Act Mar. 28, 1940, increased term of imprisonment. TERMINATION DATE OF 1950 AMENDMENT For termination of amendment by act Aug. 9, 1950, see section 4 of act Aug. 9, 1950, set out as a note under section 191 of this title. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 193 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 193. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 193. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 21, 62 Stat. 862. Section, acts June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title II, Sec. 3, 40 Stat. 220; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, Sec. 3(b), 54 Stat. 79, related to destruction of, injury to, or improper use of vessels. See section 2274 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Sept. 1, 1948, see section 38 of act June 25, 1948, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 1 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 194 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 194. Enforcement provisions -STATUTE- The President may employ such departments, agencies, officers, or instrumentalities of the United States as he may deem necessary to carry out the purpose of this title.(!1) -SOURCE- (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title II, Sec. 4, 40 Stat. 220; Aug. 9, 1950, ch. 656, Sec. 2, 64 Stat. 428.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This title, referred to in text, means title II of act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, 40 Stat. 220, as amended, which enacted sections 191 and 192 to 194 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1950 - Act Aug. 9, 1950, authorized President to employ such departments, agencies, etc., as he may deem necessary to carry out title II of act June 15, 1917. TERMINATION DATE OF 1950 AMENDMENT For termination of amendment by act Aug. 9, 1950, see section 4 of act Aug. 9, 1950, set out as a note under section 191 of this title. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 195 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 195. Definitions -STATUTE- In this Act: (1) United states. - The term "United States" includes all territory and waters, continental or insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. (2) Territorial waters. - The term "territorial waters of the United States" includes all waters of the territorial sea of the United States as described in Presidential Proclamation 5928 of December 27, 1988. -SOURCE- (June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title XIII, Sec. 1, 40 Stat. 231; Pub. L. 96-70, title III, Sec. 3302(b), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 107-295, title I, Sec. 104(a), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2085.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This Act, referred to in text, means act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, 40 Stat. 217, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. Presidential Proclamation 5928 of December 27, 1988, referred to in par. (2), is set out as a note under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands. -COD- CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 40 of this title. In the original this section defined "United States" as used in act June 15, 1917. Other provisions of that act were contained in sections 31 to 42 of this title and certain sections of former Title 18, Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure. The definition of "United States" as used in present provisions derived from those former sections is covered by section 5 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 2002 - Pub. L. 107-295 added introductory provisions, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, struck out "as used in this Act" before "includes", and added par. (2). 1979 - Pub. L. 96-70 struck out "the Canal Zone and" after "this Act includes". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96-70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 196 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 196. Emergency foreign vessel acquisition; purchase or requisition of vessels lying idle in United States waters -STATUTE- During any period in which vessels may be requisitioned under chapter 563 of title 46, the President is authorized and empowered through the Secretary of Transportation to purchase, or to requisition, or for any part of such period to charter or requisition the use of, or to take over the title to or possession of, for such use or disposition as he shall direct, any merchant vessel not owned by citizens of the United States which is lying idle in waters within the jurisdiction of the United States and which the President finds to be necessary to the national defense. Just compensation shall be determined and made to the owner or owners of any such vessel in accordance with the applicable provisions of chapter 563 of title 46. Such compensation hereunder, or advances on account thereof, shall be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States in a separate deposit fund. Payments for such compensation and also for payment of any valid claim upon such vessel in accord with the provisions of section 56305 of title 46 shall be made from such fund upon the certificate of the Secretary of Transportation. -SOURCE- (Aug. 9, 1954, ch. 659, Sec. 1, 68 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 96-70, title III, Sec. 3302(c), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 97-31, Sec. 12(152), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 167.) -COD- CODIFICATION In text, "chapter 563 of title 46" substituted for "section 902 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended" in two places and "section 56305 of title 46" substituted for "the second paragraph of subsection (d) of such section 902, as amended," on authority of Pub. L. 109-304, Sec. 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted chapter 563 of Title 46, Shipping. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1981 - Pub. L. 97-31 substituted references to Secretary of Transportation for references to Secretary of Commerce wherever appearing. 1979 - Pub. L. 96-70 struck out ", including the Canal Zone," after "jurisdiction of the United States". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96-70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 197 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 197. Voluntary purchase or charter agreements -STATUTE- During any period in which vessels may be requisitioned under chapter 563 of title 46, the President is authorized through the Secretary of Transportation to acquire by voluntary agreement of purchase or charter the ownership or use of any merchant vessel not owned by citizens of the United States. -SOURCE- (Aug. 9, 1954, ch. 659, Sec. 2, 68 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 97-31, Sec. 12(152), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 167.) -COD- CODIFICATION In text, "chapter 563 of title 46" substituted for "section 902 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended" on authority of Pub. L. 109-304, Sec. 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted chapter 563 of Title 46, Shipping. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1981 - Pub. L. 97-31 substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "Secretary of Commerce". -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 198 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 12 - VESSELS IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF UNITED STATES -HEAD- Sec. 198. Requisitioned vessels -STATUTE- (a) Documentation of vessels Any vessel not documented under the laws of the United States, acquired by or made available to the Secretary of Transportation under sections 196 to 198 of this title, or otherwise, may, notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the discretion of the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating be documented as a vessel of the United States under such rules and regulations or orders, and with such limitations, as the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating may prescribe or issue as necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes and provisions of sections 196 to 198 of this title, and in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, engage in the coastwise trade when so documented. Any document issued to a vessel under the provisions of this subsection shall be surrendered at any time that such surrender may be ordered by the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating. No vessel, the surrender of the documents of which has been so ordered, shall, after the effective date of such order, have the status of a vessel of the United States unless documented anew. (b) Waiver of compliance The President may, notwithstanding any other provisions of law, by rules and regulations or orders, waive compliance with any provision of law relating to masters, officers, members of the crew, or crew accommodations on any vessel documented under authority of this section to such extent and upon such terms as he finds necessary because of the lack of physical facilities on such vessels, and because of the need to employ aliens for their operation. No vessel shall cease to enjoy the benefits and privileges of a vessel of the United States by reason of the employment of any person in accordance with the provisions of this subsection. (c) Coastwise trade; inspection Any vessel while documented under the provisions of this section, when chartered under sections 196 to 198 of this title by the Secretary of Transportation to Government agencies or departments or to private operators, may engage in the coastwise trade under permits issued by the Secretary of Transportation, who is authorized to issue permits for such purpose pursuant to such rules and regulations as he may prescribe. The Secretary of Transportation is authorized to prescribe such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes and provisions of this section. Section 57109 of title 46 shall not apply with respect to vessels chartered to Government agencies or departments or to private operators or otherwise used or disposed of under sections 196 to 198 of this title. Existing laws covering the inspection of steam vessels are made applicable to vessels documented under this section only to such extent and upon such conditions as may be required by regulations of the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating: Provided, That in determining to what extent those laws should be made applicable, due consideration shall be given to the primary purpose of transporting commodities essential to the national defense. (d) Reconditioning of vessels The Secretary of Transportation without regard to the provisions of section 5 of title 41 may repair, reconstruct, or recondition any vessels to be utilized under sections 196 to 198 of this title. The Secretary of Transportation and any other Government department or agency by which any vessel is acquired or chartered, or to which any vessel is transferred or made available under sections 196 to 198 of this title may, with the aid of any funds available and without regard to the provisions of said section 5 of title 41, repair, reconstruct, or recondition any such vessels to meet the needs of the services intended, or provide facilities for such repair, reconstruction, or reconditioning. The Secretary of Transportation may operate or charter for operation any vessel to be utilized under sections 196 to 198 of this title to private operators, citizens of the United States, or to any department or agency of the United States Government, without regard to the provisions of chapter 575 of title 46, and any department or agency of the United States Government is authorized to enter into such charters. (e) Effective period In case of any voyage of a vessel documented under the provisions of this section begun before the date of termination of an effective period of section 196 of this title, but is completed after such date, the provisions of this section shall continue in effect with respect to such vessel until such voyage is completed. (f) "Documented" defined When used in sections 196 to 198 of this title, the term "documented" means "registered", "enrolled and licensed", or "licensed". -SOURCE- (Aug. 9, 1954, ch. 659, Sec. 3, 68 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 89-670, Sec. 6(b)(1), (2), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 938; Pub. L. 97-31, Sec. 12(152), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 167.) -COD- CODIFICATION "Section 57109 of title 46" substituted in subsec. (c) for "The second paragraph of section 9 of the Shipping Act, 1916, as amended," and "chapter 575 of title 46" substituted in subsec. (d) for "title VII of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936" on authority of Pub. L. 109-304, Sec. 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted section 57109 and chapter 575 of Title 46, Shipping. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1981 - Subsecs. (a), (c), (d). Pub. L. 97-31 substituted references to Secretary of Transportation for references to Secretary of Commerce wherever appearing. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. "Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating" substituted in subsec. (a) for "Secretary of the Treasury" pursuant to section 6(b)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 89-670, which transferred Coast Guard to Department of Transportation and transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation functions, powers, and duties, relating to Coast Guard, of Secretary of the Treasury and of all other officers and offices of Department of the Treasury, and which provided that notwithstanding such transfer Coast Guard shall operate as part of Navy in time of war or when President directs as provided in section 3 of Title 14, Coast Guard. See section 108 of Title 49, Transportation. DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation to Secretary of the Treasury of authority vested in President by subsec. (a) of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 10289, eff. Sept. 17, 1951, 16 F.R. 9499, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -MISC1- Sec. 201 to 204. Repealed. 205. Suspension of commercial intercourse with State in insurrection. 206. Suspension of commercial intercourse with part of State in insurrection. 207. Persons affected by suspension of commercial intercourse. 208. Licensing or permitting commercial intercourse with State or region in insurrection. 209. Repealed. 210. Penalties for unauthorized trading, etc.; jurisdiction of prosecutions. 211. Investigations to detect and prevent frauds and abuses. 212. Confiscation of property employed to aid insurrection. 213. Jurisdiction of confiscation proceedings. 214. Repealed. 215. Institution of confiscation proceedings. 216. Preventing transportation of goods to aid insurrection. 217. Trading in captured or abandoned property. 218. Repealed. 219. Removal of customhouse and detention of vessels thereat. 220. Enforcement of section 219. 221. Closing ports of entry; forfeiture of vessels seeking to enter closed port. 222. Transferred. 223. Forfeiture of vessels owned by citizens of insurrectionary States. 224. Refusing clearance to vessels with suspected cargoes; forfeiture for departing without clearance. 225. Bond to deliver cargo at destination named in clearance. 226. Protection of liens on condemned vessels. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 201 to 204 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Secs. 201 to 204. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 201 to 204. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. Section 201, R.S. Sec. 5297, provided for Federal aid for State Governments in case of an insurrection in any State. See section 331 of Title 10, Armed Forces. Section 202, R.S. Sec. 5298, related to use of military and naval forces to enforce authority of Federal Government. See section 332 of Title 10. Section 203, R.S. Sec. 5299, related to denial by State of equal protection of laws and authorized the President to take measures for the suppression of any insurrection, domestic violence, or combinations. See section 333 of Title 10. Section 204, R.S. Sec. 5300, authorized the President to issue a proclamation commanding insurgents to disperse. See section 334 of Title 10. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 205 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 205. Suspension of commercial intercourse with State in insurrection -STATUTE- Whenever the President, in pursuance of the provisions of this chapter, has called forth the militia to suppress combinations against the laws of the United States, and to cause the laws to be duly executed, and the insurgents shall have failed to disperse by the time directed by the President, and when the insurgents claim to act under the authority of any State or States, and such claim is not disclaimed or repudiated by the persons exercising the functions of government in such State or States, or in the part or parts thereof in which such combination exists, and such insurrection is not suppressed by such State or States, or whenever the inhabitants of any State or part thereof are at any time found by the President to be in insurrection against the United States, the President may, by proclamation, declare that the inhabitants of such State, or of any section or part thereof where such insurrection exists, are in a state of insurrection against the United States; and thereupon all commercial intercourse by and between the same and the citizens thereof and the citizens of the rest of the United States shall cease and be unlawful so long as such condition of hostility shall continue; and all goods and chattels, wares and merchandise, coming from such State or section into the other parts of the United States, or proceeding from other parts of the United States to such State or section, by land or water, shall, together with the vessel or vehicle conveying the same, or conveying persons to or from such State or section, be forfeited to the United States. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5301.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5301 derived from acts July 13, 1861, ch. 3, Sec. 5, 12 Stat. 257; July 31, 1861, ch. 32, 12 Stat. 284. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 206 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 206. Suspension of commercial intercourse with part of State in insurrection -STATUTE- Whenever any part of a State not declared to be in insurrection is under the control of insurgents, or is in dangerous proximity to places under their control, all commercial intercourse therein and therewith shall be subject to the prohibitions and conditions of section 205 of this title for such time and to such extent as shall become necessary to protect the public interests, and be directed by the Secretary of the Treasury, with the approval of the President. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5302.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5302 derived from act July 2, 1864, ch. 225, Sec. 5, 13 Stat. 376. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 207 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 207. Persons affected by suspension of commercial intercourse -STATUTE- The provisions of this chapter in relation to commercial intercourse shall apply to all commercial intercourse by and between persons residing or being within districts within the lines of national military occupation in the States or parts of States declared in insurrection, whether with each other or with persons residing or being within districts declared in insurrection and not within those lines; and all persons within the United States, not native or naturalized citizens thereof, shall be subject to the same prohibitions, in all commercial intercourse with inhabitants of States or parts of States declared in insurrection, as citizens of States not declared to be in insurrection. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5303.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5303 derived from act July 2, 1864, ch. 225, Sec. 4, 13 Stat. 376. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 208 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 208. Licensing or permitting commercial intercourse with State or region in insurrection -STATUTE- The President may, in his discretion, license and permit commercial intercourse with any part of such State or section, the inhabitants of which are so declared in a state of insurrection, so far as may be necessary to authorize supplying the necessities of loyal persons residing in insurrectionary States, within the lines of actual occupation by the military forces of the United States, as indicated by published order of the commanding general of the department or district so occupied; and, also, so far as may be necessary to authorize persons residing within such lines to bring or send to market in the loyal States any products which they shall have produced with their own labor or the labor of freedmen, or others employed and paid by them, pursuant to rules relating thereto, which may be established under proper authority. And no goods, wares, or merchandise shall be taken into a State declared in insurrection, or transported therein, except to and from such places and to such monthly amounts as shall have been previously agreed upon, in writing, by the commanding general of the department in which such places are situated, and an officer designated by the Secretary of the Treasury for that purpose. Such commercial intercourse shall be in such articles and for such time and by such persons as the President, in his discretion, may think most conducive to the public interest; and, so far as by him licensed, shall be conducted and carried on only in pursuance of rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5304.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5304 derived from acts July 13, 1861, ch. 3, Sec. 5, 12 Stat. 257; July 2, 1864, ch. 225, Sec. 9, 13 Stat. 377. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 209 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 209. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 209. Repealed. Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632. Section, R.S. Sec. 5305, related to appointment of officers to carry into effect licenses to trade in State or region in an insurrection. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 210 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 210. Penalties for unauthorized trading, etc.; jurisdiction of prosecutions -STATUTE- Every officer of the United States, civil, military, or naval, and every sutler, soldier, marine, or other person, who takes, or causes to be taken into a State declared to be in insurrection, or to any other point to be thence taken into such State, or who transports or sells, or otherwise disposes of therein, any goods, wares, or merchandise whatsoever, except in pursuance of license and authority of the President, as provided in this chapter, or who makes any false statement or representation upon which license and authority is granted for such transportation, sale, or other disposition, or who, under any license or authority obtained, willfully and knowingly transports, sells, or otherwise disposes of any other goods, wares, or merchandise than such as are in good faith so licensed and authorized, or who willfully and knowingly transports, sells, or disposes of the same, or any portion thereof, in violation of the terms of such license or authority, or of any rule or regulation prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury concerning the same, or who is guilty of any act of embezzlement, of willful misappropriation of public or private money or property, of keeping false accounts, or of willfully making any false returns, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined not more than $5,000, and imprisoned in the penitentiary not more than three years. Violations of this section shall be cognizable before any court, civil or military, competent to try the same. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5306.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5306 derived from act July 2, 1864, ch. 225, Sec. 10, 13 Stat. 377. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 211 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 211. Investigations to detect and prevent frauds and abuses -STATUTE- It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury, from time to time, to institute such investigations as may be necessary to detect and prevent frauds and abuses in any trade or transactions which may be licensed between inhabitants of loyal States and of States in insurrection. And the agents making such investigations shall have power to compel the attendance of witnesses, and to make examinations on oath. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5307.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5307 derived from act July 2, 1864, ch. 225, Sec. 10, 13 Stat. 377. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 212 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 212. Confiscation of property employed to aid insurrection -STATUTE- Whenever during any insurrection against the Government of the United States, after the President shall have declared by proclamation that the laws of the United States are opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the power vested in the marshals by law, any person, or his agent, attorney, or employee, purchases or acquires, sells or gives, any property of whatsoever kind or description, with intent to use or employ the same, or suffers the same to be used or employed in aiding, abetting, or promoting such insurrection or resistance to the laws, or any person engaged therein; or being the owner of any such property, knowingly uses or employs, or consents to such use or employment of the same, all such property shall be lawful subject of prize and capture wherever found; and it shall be the duty of the President to cause the same to be seized, confiscated, and condemned. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5308.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5308 derived from act Aug. 6, 1861, ch. 60, Sec. 1, 12 Stat. 319. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 213 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 213. Jurisdiction of confiscation proceedings -STATUTE- Such prizes and capture shall be condemned in the district court of the United States having jurisdiction of the amount, or in admiralty in any district in which the same may be seized, or into which they may be taken and proceedings first instituted. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5309; Feb. 27, 1877, ch. 69, Sec. 1, 19 Stat. 253; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, Sec. 291, 36 Stat. 1167.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5309 derived derived from act Aug. 6, 1861, ch. 60, Sec. 2, 12 Stat. 319. Act Mar. 3, 1911, conferred the powers and duties of the former circuit courts upon the district courts. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1877 - Act Feb. 27, 1877, inserted "may" after "any district in which the same". -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 214 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 214. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 214. Repealed. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. Section, R.S. Sec. 5310, provided that property taken on inland waters of the United States was not a maritime prize. See section 7651 of Title 10, Armed Forces. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 215 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 215. Institution of confiscation proceedings -STATUTE- The Attorney General, or the United States attorney for any judicial district in which such property may at the time be, may institute the proceedings of condemnation, and in such case they shall be wholly for the benefit of the United States; or any person may file an information with such attorney, in which case the proceedings shall be for the use of such informer and the United States in equal parts. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5311; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 909.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5311 derived from act Aug. 6, 1861, ch. 60, Sec. 3, 12 Stat. 319. -CHANGE- CHANGE OF NAME Act June 25, 1948, eff. Sept. 1, 1948, substituted "United States attorney" for "attorney of the United States". See section 541 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and Historical and Revision Notes thereunder. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 216 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 216. Preventing transportation of goods to aid insurrection -STATUTE- The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to prohibit and prevent the transportation in any vessel, or upon any railroad, turnpike, or other road or means of transportation within the United States, of any property, whatever may be the ostensible destination of the same, in all cases where there are satisfactory reasons to believe that such property is intended for any place in the possession or under the control of insurgents against the United States, or that there is imminent danger that such property will fall into the possession or under the control of such insurgents; and he is further authorized, in all cases where he deems it expedient so to do, to require reasonable security to be given that property shall not be transported to any place under insurrectionary control, and shall not, in any way, be used to give aid or comfort to such insurgents; and he may establish all such general or special regulations as may be necessary or proper to carry into effect the purposes of this section; and if any property is transported in violation of this chapter, or of any regulation of the Secretary of the Treasury, established in pursuance thereof, or if any attempt shall be made so to transport any, it shall be forfeited. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5312.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5312 derived from act May 20, 1862, ch. 81, Sec. 3, 12 Stat. 404. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 217 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 217. Trading in captured or abandoned property -STATUTE- All persons in the military or naval service of the United States are prohibited from buying or selling, trading, or in any way dealing in captured or abandoned property, whereby they shall receive or expect any profit, benefit, or advantage to themselves, or any other person, directly or indirectly connected with them; and it shall be the duty of such person whenever such property comes into his possession or custody, or within his control, to give notice thereof to some agent, appointed by virtue of this chapter, and to turn the same over to such agent without delay. Any officer of the United States, civil, military, or naval, or any sutler, soldier, or marine, or other person who shall violate any provision of this section, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined not more than $5,000, and imprisoned in the penitentiary not more than three years. Violations of this section shall be cognizable before any court, civil or military, competent to try the same. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5313.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5313 derived from act July 2, 1864, ch. 225, Sec. 10, 13 Stat. 377. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 218 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 218. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 218. Repealed. Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632. Section, R.S. Sec. 5314; act Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 510, Sec. 1, 45 Stat. 1496, related to authority of President in collection of duties to change ports of entry in case of insurrection. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 219 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 219. Removal of customhouse and detention of vessels thereat -STATUTE- Whenever, at any port of entry, the duties on imports cannot, in the judgment of the President, be collected in the ordinary way, or by the course provided in section 218 (!1) of this title, by reason of the cause mentioned in said section, he may direct that the customhouse for the district be established in any secure place within the district, either on land or on board any vessel in the district, or at sea near the coast; and in such case the collector shall reside at such place, or on shipboard, as the case may be, and there detain all vessels and cargoes arriving within or approaching the district, until the duties imposed by law on such vessels and their cargoes are paid in cash. But if the owner or consignee of the cargo on board any vessel thus detained, or the master of the vessel, desires to enter a port of entry in any other district where no such obstructions to the execution of the laws exist, the master may be permitted so to change the destination of the vessel and cargo in his manifest; whereupon the collector shall deliver him a written permit to proceed to the port so designated. And the Secretary of the Treasury, with the approval of the President, shall make proper regulations for the enforcement on shipboard of such provisions of the laws regulating the assessment and collection of duties as in his judgment may be necessary and practicable. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5315.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 218 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632. -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5315 derived from acts July 13, 1861, ch. 3, Sec. 2, 12 Stat. 256; Mar. 3, 1875, ch. 136, Sec. 2, 18 Stat. 469. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS All offices of collector of customs, comptroller of customs, surveyor of customs, and appraiser of merchandise of the Bureau of Customs of Department of the Treasury to which appointments were required to be made by President with advice and consent of Senate ordered abolished, with such offices to be terminated not later than Dec. 31, 1966, by Reorg. Plan No. 1, of 1965, eff. May 25, 1965, 30 F.R. 7035, 79 Stat. 1317, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. All functions of offices eliminated were already vested in Secretary of the Treasury by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 220 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 220. Enforcement of section 219 -STATUTE- It shall be unlawful to take any vessel or cargo detained under section 219 of this title from the custody of the proper officers of the customs, unless by process of some court of the United States; and in case of any attempt otherwise to take such vessel or cargo by any force, or combination, or assemblage of persons, too great to be overcome by the officers of the customs, the President, or such person as he shall have empowered for that purpose, may employ such part of the Army or Navy or militia of the United States, or such force of citizen volunteers as may be necessary, to prevent the removal of such vessel or cargo, and to protect the officers of the customs in retaining the custody thereof. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5316.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5316 derived from act July 12, 1861, ch. 3, Sec. 3, 12 Stat. 256. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS All offices of collector of customs, comptroller of customs, surveyor of customs, and appraiser of merchandise of Bureau of Customs of Department of the Treasury to which appointments were required to be made by President with advice and consent of Senate ordered abolished, with such offices to be terminated not later than Dec. 31, 1966, by Reorg. Plan No. 1, of 1965, eff. May 25, 1965, 30 F.R. 7035, 79 Stat. 1317, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. All functions of offices eliminated were already vested in Secretary of the Treasury by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 221 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 221. Closing ports of entry; forfeiture of vessels seeking to enter closed port -STATUTE- Whenever, in any collection district, the duties on imports can not, in the judgment of the President, be collected in the ordinary way, nor in the manner provided by sections 218 (!1) to 220 of this title, by reason of the cause mentioned in section 218 of this title, the President may close the port of entry in that district; and shall in such case give notice thereof by proclamation. And thereupon all right of importation, warehousing, and other privileges incident to ports of entry shall cease and be discontinued at such port so closed until it is opened by the order of the President on the cessation of such obstructions. Every vessel from beyond the United States, or having on board any merchandise liable to duty, which attempts to enter any port which has been closed under this section, shall, with her tackle, apparel, furniture, and cargo, be forfeited. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5317.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 218 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632. -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5317 derived from act July 12, 1861, ch. 3, Sec. 4, 12 Stat. 256. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS All offices of collector of customs, comptroller of customs, surveyor of customs, and appraiser of merchandise of Bureau of Customs of Department of the Treasury to which appointments were required to be made by President with advice and consent of Senate ordered abolished, with such offices to be terminated not later than Dec. 31, 1966, by Reorg. Plan No. 1, of 1965, eff. May 25, 1965, 30 F.R. 7035, 79 Stat. 1317, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. All functions of offices eliminated were already vested in Secretary of the Treasury by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 222 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 222. Transferred -COD- CODIFICATION Section, R.S. Sec. 5318; act Jan. 28, 1915, ch. 20, Sec. 1, 38 Stat. 800, related to use of auxiliary vessels to enforce this chapter and was transferred to section 540 of Title 19, Customs Duties. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 223 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 223. Forfeiture of vessels owned by citizens of insurrectionary States -STATUTE- From and after fifteen days after the issuing of the proclamation, as provided in section 205 of this title, any vessel belonging in whole or in part to any citizen or inhabitant of such State or part of a State whose inhabitants are so declared in a state of insurrection, found at sea, or in any port of the rest of the United States, shall be forfeited. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5319.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5319 derived from act July 12, 1861, ch. 3, Sec. 7, 12 Stat. 257. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 224 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 224. Refusing clearance to vessels with suspected cargoes; forfeiture for departing without clearance -STATUTE- The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to refuse a clearance to any vessel or other vehicle laden with merchandise, destined for a foreign or domestic port, whenever he shall have satisfactory reason to believe that such merchandise, or any part thereof, whatever may be its ostensible destination, is intended for ports in possession or under control of insurgents against the United States; and if any vessel for which a clearance or permit has been refused by the Secretary of the Treasury, or by his order, shall depart or attempt to depart for a foreign or domestic port without being duly cleared or permitted, such vessel, with her tackle, apparel, furniture, and cargo, shall be forfeited. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5320.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5320 derived from act May 20, 1862, ch. 81, Sec. 1, 12 Stat. 404. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 225 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 225. Bond to deliver cargo at destination named in clearance -STATUTE- Whenever a permit or clearance is granted for either a foreign or domestic port, it shall be lawful for the collector of the customs granting the same, if he deems it necessary, under the circumstances of the case, to require a bond to be executed by the master or the owner of the vessel, in a penalty equal to the value of the cargo, and with sureties to the satisfaction of such collector, that the cargo shall be delivered at the destination for which it is cleared or permitted, and that no part thereof shall be used in affording aid or comfort to any person or parties in insurrection against the authority of the United States. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5321.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5321 derived from act May 20, 1862, ch. 81, Sec. 2, 12 Stat. 404. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS All offices of collector of customs, comptroller of customs, surveyor of customs, and appraiser of merchandise of Bureau of Customs of Department of the Treasury to which appointments were required to be made by President with advice and consent of Senate ordered abolished, with such offices to be terminated not later than December 31, 1966, by Reorg. Plan No. 1, of 1965, eff. May 25, 1965, 30 F.R. 7035, 79 Stat. 1317, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. All functions of offices eliminated were already vested in Secretary of the Treasury by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 226 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 13 - INSURRECTION -HEAD- Sec. 226. Protection of liens on condemned vessels -STATUTE- In all cases wherein any vessel, or other property, is condemned in any proceeding by virtue of any laws relating to insurrection or rebellion, the court rendering judgment of condemnation shall, notwithstanding such condemnation, and before awarding such vessel, or other property, or the proceeds thereof, to the United States, or to any informer, first provide for the payment, out of the proceeds of such vessel, or other property, of any bona fide claims which shall be filed by any loyal citizen of the United States, or of any foreign state or power at peace and amity with the United States, intervening in such proceeding, and which shall be duly established by evidence, as a valid claim against such vessel, or other property, under the laws of the United States or of any State thereof not declared to be in insurrection. No such claim shall be allowed in any case where the claimant has knowingly participated in the illegal use of such ship, vessel, or other property. This section shall extend to such claims only as might have been enforced specifically against such vessel, or other property, in any State not declared to be in insurrection, wherein such claim arose. -SOURCE- (R.S. Sec. 5322.) -COD- CODIFICATION R.S. Sec. 5322 derived from act Mar. 3, 1863, ch. 90, 12 Stat. 762. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 14 - WARTIME VOTING BY LAND AND NAVAL FORCES 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 14 - WARTIME VOTING BY LAND AND NAVAL FORCES -HEAD- CHAPTER 14 - WARTIME VOTING BY LAND AND NAVAL FORCES -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 301 to 303 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 14 - WARTIME VOTING BY LAND AND NAVAL FORCES -HEAD- Secs. 301 to 303. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 301 to 303. Repealed. Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title III, Sec. 307, 69 Stat. 589. Section 301, acts Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title I, Sec. 1, 56 Stat. 753; July 1, 1943, ch. 187, Secs. 1, 5, 57 Stat. 371, granted absentee members of land or naval forces of the United States the right to vote in Presidential, Vice Presidential, and Congressional elections. See section 1973ff et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Section 302, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title I, Sec. 2, 56 Stat. 753, exempted persons in military service in time of war from paying poll taxes or other taxes as a condition of voting in any election for President, Vice President, electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Member of the House of Representatives. Section 303, acts Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title I, Sec. 3, 56 Stat. 753; Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 136, provided for voting in accordance with State law. ADDITIONAL REPEAL Sections 301 to 303 were also repealed by act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70 Stat. 641. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 304 to 315 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 14 - WARTIME VOTING BY LAND AND NAVAL FORCES -HEAD- Secs. 304 to 315. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 304 to 315. Repealed. Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 136. Section 304, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, Sec. 4, 56 Stat. 754, related to a public list of applicants. Section 305, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, Sec. 5, 56 Stat. 754, related to form of ballots and booklets. Section 306, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, Sec. 6, 56 Stat. 755, related to use of official envelopes. Section 307, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, Sec. 7, 56 Stat. 756, related to transmission of ballots. Section 308, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, Sec. 8, 56 Stat. 756, related to return of ballots. Section 309, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, Sec. 9, 56 Stat. 756, related to certification of votes. Section 310, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, Sec. 10, 56 Stat. 756, related to payment of expenses. Section 311, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, Sec. 11, 56 Stat. 757, related to utilization of services of local agencies. Section 312, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, Sec. 12, 56 Stat. 757, related to voting under State law. Section 313, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, Sec. 13, 56 Stat. 757, related to primary elections. Section 314, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, Sec. 14, 56 Stat. 757, related to offenses against elective franchise. Section 315, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, Sec. 15, 56 Stat. 757, related to formality of compliance. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 321 to 331 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 14 - WARTIME VOTING BY LAND AND NAVAL FORCES -HEAD- Secs. 321 to 331. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 321 to 331. Repealed. Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title III, Sec. 307, 69 Stat. 589. Section 321, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title II, Sec. 201, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 136; amended Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 96, related to State absentee voting legislation. Section 322, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title II, Sec. 202, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 137; amended Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 96, related to use of post cards. Section 323, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title II, Sec. 203, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 137; amended Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 97, related to distribution of ballots. Section 324, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title II, Sec. 204, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 138; amended Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 97; Sept. 29, 1950, ch. 1112, Sec. 1, 64 Stat. 1082, provided for style and markings of envelopes, protective inserts, return envelopes, and size and weight of ballots and envelopes. Section 325, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title II, Sec. 205, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 138; amended Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 97, related to signature and oath of voter. Section 326, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title II, Sec. 206, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 139; amended Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 98, related to instructions for marking ballots. Section 327, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title II, Sec. 207, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 139; amended Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 99, related to extension of State's time limits. Section 328, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title II, Sec. 208, as added Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 99, provided for notification of forthcoming elections by secretaries of states. Section 329, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title II, Sec. 209, as added Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 99; amended Sept. 29, 1950, ch. 1111, 64 Stat. 1082, provided for cooperation with States, printing and transmitting of post cards, and content of post cards. Section 330, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title II, Sec. 210, as added Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 101; amended July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, Sec. 205(a), 61 Stat. 501, related to transmission of post cards. Section 331, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title II, Sec. 211, as added Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 101; amended July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, Sec. 205(a), 61 Stat. 501, related to distribution of information. A prior section 331, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 301, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 140, related to establishment of United States War Ballot Commission and was repealed by act Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 96. ADDITIONAL REPEAL Sections 321 to 331 were also repealed by act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 332 to 340 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 14 - WARTIME VOTING BY LAND AND NAVAL FORCES -HEAD- Secs. 332 to 340. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 332 to 340. Repealed. Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 96. Section 332, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 302, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 140, related to persons subject to this subchapter. Section 333, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 303, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 141, related to Federal war ballots. Section 334, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 304, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 143, related to administration of oaths. Section 335, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 305, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 143, related to administration of this subchapter. Section 336, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 306, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 144, related to lists of candidates. Section 337, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 307, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 144, related to distribution and collection of ballots. Section 338, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 308, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 145, related to merchant marine ballots. Section 339, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 309, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 145, related to transmission of ballots. Section 340, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 310, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 145, related to reports on balloting. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 341 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 14 - WARTIME VOTING BY LAND AND NAVAL FORCES -HEAD- Sec. 341. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 341. Repealed. Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title III, Sec. 307, 69 Stat. 589. Section, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 301, as added Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 101, provided for prevention of fraud, coercion, and undue influence; free discussion, and acts done in good faith. A prior section 341, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 311, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 146, related to validity of ballots and was repealed by act Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 96. ADDITIONAL REPEAL Section was also repealed by act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 342 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 14 - WARTIME VOTING BY LAND AND NAVAL FORCES -HEAD- Sec. 342. Repealed. -MISC1- Sec. 342. Repealed. May 24, 1949, ch. 139, Sec. 142, 63 Stat. 109. Section, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 302, as added Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 102, related to prohibition against taking of polls. See section 596 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. A prior section 342, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 312, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 146, which provided for safeguards and secrecy of ballots and prevention of fraud and coercion as to voting, was repealed by act Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 102. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 343 to 347 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 14 - WARTIME VOTING BY LAND AND NAVAL FORCES -HEAD- Secs. 343 to 347. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 343 to 347. Repealed. Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 96. Section 343, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 313, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 146, related to penalties under sections 341 to 347 of this title. Section 344, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 314, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 146, related to prohibition on taking polls. See section 596 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. Section 344 was also repealed by act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, Sec. 21, 62 Stat. 862. Section 345, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 315, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 147, related to certain State officials. Section 346, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 316, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 147, related to agencies acting for the Secretary of State. Section 347, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title III, Sec. 317, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 147, related to construction of chapter. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Secs. 351 to 355 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 14 - WARTIME VOTING BY LAND AND NAVAL FORCES -HEAD- Secs. 351 to 355. Repealed. -MISC1- Secs. 351 to 355. Repealed. Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 656, title III, Sec. 307, 69 Stat. 589. Section 351, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title IV, Sec. 401, as added Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 102, defined terms for purposes of this chapter. A prior section 351, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title IV, Sec. 401, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 147, authorized appropriations for purposes of this chapter and was repealed by act Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 96. Section 352, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title IV, Sec. 402, as added Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 102; amended Sept. 29, 1950, ch. 1112, Sec. 2, 64 Stat. 1083, related to free postage. A prior section 352, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title IV, Sec. 402, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 147, related to free postage and was repealed by act Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 96. Section 353, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title IV, Sec. 403, as added Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 103, related to administration of this chapter. A prior section 353, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title IV, Sec. 403, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 148, defined terms for purposes of this chapter and was repealed by act Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 96. Section 354, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title IV, Sec. 404, as added Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 103, related to separability of provisions. A prior section 354, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title IV, Sec. 404, as added Apr. 1, 1944, ch. 150, 58 Stat. 148, related to separability of provisions and was repealed by act Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 96. Section 355, act Sept. 16, 1942, ch. 561, title IV, Sec. 405, as added Apr. 19, 1946, ch. 142, 60 Stat. 103, related to construction of this chapter. ADDITIONAL REPEAL Sections 351 to 355 were also repealed by act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 53, 70A Stat. 641. -End- -CITE- 50 USC CHAPTER 15 - NATIONAL SECURITY 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 15 - NATIONAL SECURITY -HEAD- CHAPTER 15 - NATIONAL SECURITY -MISC1- Sec. 401. Congressional declaration of purpose. 401a. Definitions. SUBCHAPTER I - COORDINATION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY 402. National Security Council. 402-1. Joint Intelligence Community Council. 402a. Coordination of counterintelligence activities. 402b. National Counterintelligence Executive. 402c. Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive. 403. Director of National Intelligence. 403-1. Responsibilities and authorities of the Director of National Intelligence. 403-1a. Assignment of responsibilities relating to analytic integrity. 403-1b. Additional education and training requirements. 403-1c. National Intelligence Reserve Corps. 403-2. Intelligence Community contracting. 403-2a. Construction of intelligence community facilities; Presidential authorization. 403-2b. Limitation on construction of facilities to be used primarily by intelligence community. 403-3. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 403-3a. Deputy Directors of National Intelligence. 403-3b. National Intelligence Council. 403-3c. General Counsel. 403-3d. Civil Liberties Protection Officer. 403-3e. Director of Science and Technology. 403-3f. National Counterintelligence Executive. 403-3g. Chief Information Officer. 403-4. Central Intelligence Agency. 403-4a. Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. 403-4b. Transformation of Central Intelligence Agency. 403-5. Responsibilities of Secretary of Defense pertaining to National Intelligence Program. 403-5a. Assistance to United States law enforcement agencies. 403-5b. Disclosure of foreign intelligence acquired in criminal investigations; notice of criminal investigations of foreign intelligence sources. 403-5c. Transferred. 403-5d. Foreign intelligence information. 403-5e. Transferred. 403-6. Appointment of officials responsible for intelligence-related activities. 403-7. Prohibition on using journalists as agents or assets. 403-8. Reaffirmation of longstanding prohibition against drug trafficking by employees of the intelligence community. 403a. Definitions relating to Central Intelligence Agency. 403b. Seal of office of Central Intelligence Agency. 403c. Procurement authority of Central Intelligence Agency. 403d. Repealed. 403e. Central Intelligence Agency personnel; allowances and benefits. 403e-1. Eligibility for incentive awards. 403f. General authorities of Agency. 403g. Protection of nature of Agency's functions. 403h. Admission of essential aliens; limitation on number. 403i. Repealed. 403j. Central Intelligence Agency; appropriations; expenditures. 403k. Authority to pay death gratuities. 403l. Authority to accept gifts, devises and bequests. 403m. Misuse of Agency name, initials, or seal. 403n. Special provisions for spouses of Central Intelligence Agency employees applicable to Agency participants in Civil Service Retirement and Disability System. 403o. Security personnel at Agency installations. 403p. Health benefits for certain former spouses of Central Intelligence Agency employees. 403q. Inspector General for Agency. 403r. Special annuity computation rules for certain employees' service abroad. 403r-1. Portability of overseas service retirement benefit. 403s. Special rules for disability retirement and death-in-service benefits with respect to certain employees. 403t. General Counsel of Central Intelligence Agency. 403u. Central services program. 403v. Detail of employees. 403w. Intelligence operations and cover enhancement authority. 403x. Separation pay program for voluntary separation from service. 404. Emergency preparedness. 404a. Annual national security strategy report. 404b. Multiyear national foreign intelligence program. 404c. Annual report on United States security arrangements and commitments with other nations. 404d. Annual report on intelligence. 404d-1. Transferred. 404e. National mission of National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 404f. Repealed. 404g. Restrictions on intelligence sharing with United Nations. 404h. Detail of intelligence community personnel - Intelligence Community Assignment Program. 404i. Additional annual reports from the Director of National Intelligence. 404i-1. Annual report on improvement of financial statements for auditing purposes. 404j. Limitation on establishment or operation of diplomatic intelligence support centers. 404k. Travel on any common carrier for certain intelligence collection personnel. 404l. POW/MIA analytic capability. 404m. Semiannual report on financial intelligence on terrorist assets. 404n. National Virtual Translation Center. 404n-1. Foreign Terrorist Asset Tracking Center. 404n-2. Terrorist Identification Classification System. 404n-3. Repealed. 404o. National Counterterrorism Center. 404o-1. National Counter Proliferation Center. 404o-2. National Intelligence Centers. SUBCHAPTER II - MISCELLANEOUS AND CONFORMING PROVISIONS 405. Advisory committees; appointment; compensation of part-time personnel; applicability of other laws. 406. Omitted. 407. Study or plan of surrender; use of appropriations. 408. Applicable laws. 409. Definitions of military departments. 409a. National Security Agency voluntary separation. 409b. Authority of Federal Bureau of Investigation to award personal services contracts. 409b-1. Reports on exercise of authority. 410. "Function" and "Department of Defense" defined. 411. Authorization of appropriations. 412. Repealing and savings provisions. SUBCHAPTER III - ACCOUNTABILITY FOR INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES 413. General Congressional oversight provisions. 413a. Reporting of intelligence activities other than covert actions. 413b. Presidential approval and reporting of covert actions. 414. Funding of intelligence activities. 415. Notice to Congress of certain transfers of defense articles and defense services. 415a. Specificity of National Intelligence Program budget amounts for counterterrorism, counterproliferation, counternarcotics, and counterintelligence. 415a-1. Budget treatment of costs of acquisition of major systems by the intelligence community. 415b. Dates for submittal of various annual and semiannual reports to the congressional intelligence committees. 415c. Availability to public of certain intelligence funding information. SUBCHAPTER IV - PROTECTION OF CERTAIN NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION 421. Protection of identities of certain United States undercover intelligence officers, agents, informants, and sources. 422. Defenses and exceptions. 423. Report. 424. Extraterritorial jurisdiction. 425. Providing information to Congress. 426. Definitions. SUBCHAPTER V - PROTECTION OF OPERATIONAL FILES 431. Operational files of the Central Intelligence Agency. 432. Operational files of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 432a. Operational files of the National Reconnaissance Office. 432b. Operational files of the National Security Agency. 432c. Omitted. SUBCHAPTER VI - ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION 435. Procedures. 435a. Limitation on handling, retention, and storage of certain classified materials by the Department of State. 435b. Security clearances. 436. Requests by authorized investigative agencies. 437. Exceptions. 438. Definitions. SUBCHAPTER VII - APPLICATION OF SANCTIONS LAWS TO INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES 441. Stay of sanctions. 441a. Extension of stay. 441b. Reports. 441c. Laws subject to stay. 441d. Repealed. SUBCHAPTER VII-A - EDUCATION IN SUPPORT OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE PART A - SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 441g. Scholarships and work-study for pursuit of graduate degrees in science and technology. 441g-1. Framework for cross-disciplinary education and training. 441g-2. Intelligence Community Scholarship Program. PART B - FOREIGN LANGUAGES PROGRAM 441j. Program on advancement of foreign languages critical to the intelligence community. 441j-1 Education partnerships. 441j-2. Voluntary services. 441j-3. Regulations. 441j-4. Definitions. PART C - ADDITIONAL EDUCATION PROVISIONS 441m. Assignment of intelligence community personnel as language students. SUBCHAPTER VIII - ADDITIONAL MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 442. Applicability to United States intelligence activities of Federal laws implementing international treaties and agreements. 442a. Counterintelligence initiatives. -End- -CITE- 50 USC Sec. 401 01/08/2008 -EXPCITE- TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE CHAPTER 15 - NATIONAL SECURITY -HEAD- Sec. 401. Congressional declaration of purpose -STATUTE- In enacting this legislation, it is the intent of Congress to provide a comprehensive program for the future security of the United States; to provide for the establishment of integrated policies and procedures for the departments, agencies, and functions of the Government relating to the national security; to provide a Department of Defense, including the three military Departments of the Army, the Navy (including naval aviation and the United States Marine Corps), and the Air Force under the direction, authority, and control of the Secretary of Defense; to provide that each military department shall be separately organized under its own Secretary and shall function under the direction, authority, and control of the Secretary of Defense; to provide for their unified direction under civilian control of the Secretary of Defense but not to merge these departments or services; to provide for the establishment of unified or specified combatant commands, and a clear and direct line of command to such commands; to eliminate unnecessary duplication in the Department of Defense, and particularly in the field of research and engineering by vesting its overall direction and control in the Secretary of Defense; to provide more effective, efficient, and economical administration in the Department of Defense; to provide for the unified strategic direction of the combatant forces, for their operation under unified command, and for their integration into an efficient team of land, naval, and air forces but not to establish a single Chief of Staff over the armed forces nor an overall armed forces general staff. -SOURCE- (July 26, 1947, ch. 343, Sec. 2, 61 Stat. 496; Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, Sec. 2, 63 Stat. 579; Pub. L. 85-599, Sec. 2, Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 514.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This legislation, referred to in text, means act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, 61 Stat. 495, as amended, known as the National Security Act of 1947. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1958 - Pub. L. 85-599 amended section generally, and, among other changes, provided that each military department shall be separately organized, instead of separately administered, under its own Secretary and shall function under the direction, authority, and control of the Secretary of Defense, and inserted provisions relating to establishment of unified or specified combatant commands and for elimination of unnecessary duplication. 1949 - Act Aug. 10, 1949, provided that the military departments shall be separately administered but be under the direction of the Secretary of Defense, and that there shall not be a single Chief of Staff over the armed forces nor an armed forces general staff. -CHANGE- CHANGE OF NAME Pub. L. 108-458, title I, Sec. 1081, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3696, provided that: "(a) Director of Central Intelligence as Head of Intelligence Community. - Any reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community in any law, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States shall be deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. "(b) Director of Central Intelligence as Head of CIA. - Any reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency in any law, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States shall be deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. "(c) Community Management Staff. - Any reference to the Community Management Staff in any law, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States shall be deemed to be a reference to the staff of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence." -MISC2- EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2004 AMENDMENTS; TRANSITION PROVISIONS Pub. L. 108-458, title I, subtitle H, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3697, as amended by Pub. L. 109-13, div. A, title I, Sec. 1009, May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 244, provided that: "SEC. 1091. TRANSFER OF COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT STAFF. "(a) Transfer. - There shall be transferred to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence such staff of the Community Management Staff as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2004] as the Director of National Intelligence determines to be appropriate, including all functions and activities discharged by the Community Management Staff as of that date. "(b) Administration. - The Director of National Intelligence shall administer the Community Management Staff after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2004] as a component of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence under section 103 of the National Security Act of 1947 [50 U.S.C. 403-3], as amended by section 1011(a) of this Act. "SEC. 1092. TRANSFER OF TERRORIST THREAT INTEGRATION CENTER. "(a) Transfer. - There shall be transferred to the National Counterterrorism Center the Terrorist Threat Integration Center (TTIC) or its successor entity, including all functions and activities discharged by the Terrorist Threat Integration Center or its successor entity as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2004]. "(b) Administration. - The Director of the National Counterterrorism Center shall administer the Terrorist Threat Integration Center after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2004] as a component of the Directorate of Intelligence of the National Counterterrorism Center under section 119(i) of the National Security Act of 1947 [50 U.S.C. 404o(i)], as added by section 1021(a) [1021] of this Act. "SEC. 1093. TERMINATION OF POSITIONS OF ASSISTANT DIRECTORS OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE. "(a) Termination. - The positions referred to in subsection (b) are hereby abolished. "(b) Covered Positions. - The positions referred to in this subsection are as follows: "(1) The Assistant Director of Central Intelligence for Collection. "(2) The Assistant Director of Central Intelligence for Analysis and Production. "(3) The Assistant Director of Central Intelligence for Administration. "SEC. 1094. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN. "The President shall transmit to Congress a plan for the implementation of this title [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note below] and the amendments made by this title. The plan shall address, at a minimum, the following: "(1) The transfer of personnel, assets, and obligations to the Director of National Intelligence pursuant to this title. "(2) Any consolidation, reorganization, or streamlining of activities transferred to the Director of National Intelligence pursuant to this title. "(3) The establishment of offices within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence to implement the duties and responsibilities of the Director of National Intelligence as described in this title. "(4) Specification of any proposed disposition of property, facilities, contracts, records, and other assets and obligations to be transferred to the Director of National Intelligence. "(5) Recommendations for additional legislative or administrative action as the President considers appropriate. "SEC. 1095. DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY REFORM. "(a) Report. - Not later than one year after the effective date of this Act [probably means the effective date of title I of Pub. L. 108-458, see below], the Director of National Intelligence shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees a report on the progress made in the implementation of this title [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note below], including the amendments made by this title. The report shall include a comprehensive description of the progress made, and may include such recommendations for additional legislative or administrative action as the Director considers appropriate. "(b) Congressional Intelligence Committees Defined. - In this section, the term 'congressional intelligence committees' means - "(1) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and "(2) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives. "SEC. 1096. TRANSITIONAL AUTHORITIES. "(a) In General. - Upon the request of the Director of National Intelligence, the head of any executive agency may, on a reimbursable basis, provide services or detail personnel to the Director of National Intelligence. "(b) Transfer of Personnel. - In addition to any other authorities available under law for such purposes, in the fiscal years 2005 and 2006, the Director of National Intelligence - "(1) is authorized within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence the total of 500 new personnel positions; and "(2) with the approval of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, may detail not more than 150 personnel funded within the National Intelligence Program to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence for a period of not more than 2 years. "SEC. 1097. EFFECTIVE DATES. "(a) In General. - Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Act [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note below], this title [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note below] and the amendments made by this title shall take effect not later than six months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2004] [For determination by the President that certain sections of title I of Pub. L. 108-458 take effect earlier than six months after the date of enactment, see Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 21, 2005, 70 F.R. 23925, set out as a note below.]. "(b) Specific Effective Dates. - (1)(A) Not later than 60 days after the date of the appointment of the first Director of National Intelligence, the Director of National Intelligence shall first appoint individuals to positions within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. "(B) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence. "(2) Not later than 180 days after the effective date of this Act [probably means the effective date of title I of Pub. L. 108-458, see above], the President shall transmit to Congress the implementation plan required by section 1094. "(3) Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 2004], the Director of National Intelligence shall prescribe regulations, policies, procedures, standards, and guidelines required under section 102A of the National Security Act of 1947 [50 U.S.C. 403-1], as amended by section 1011(a) of this Act." [Functions of President under section 1094 of Pub. L. 108-458, set out in a note above, assigned to the Director of National Intelligence by section 3 of Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 21, 2005, 70 F.R. 48633, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.] EFFECTIVE DATE Section 310 of act July 26, 1947, provided: "(a) The first sentence of section 202(a) [section 171a of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees] and sections 1, 2, 307, 308, 309, and 310 [section 171 note of former Title 5, section 361 of this title, and sections 171m and 171n of former Title 5] shall take effect immediately upon the enactment of this Act [July 26, 1947]. "(b) Except as provided in subsection (a), the provisions of this Act [sections 171 to 171l, 181-1, 181-2, 411a, 411b, 626 to 626d of former Title 5, section 24 of Title 3, The President, and sections 401 to 405 of this title] shall take effect on whichever of the following days is the earlier: The day after the day upon which the Secretary of Defense first appointed takes office, or the sixtieth day after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 26, 1947]." SHORT TITLE OF 2004 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 108-458, Sec. 1(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3638, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004'." Pub. L. 108-458, title I, Sec. 1001, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3643, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 402-1, 403, 403- 1, 403-1a to 403-1c, 403-3, 403-3a to 403-3f, 403-4, 403-4a, 403- 4b, 404o, 404o-1, 404o-2, 441g-1, and 441g-2 of this title, section 8K of the Inspector General Act set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and section 485 of Title 6, Domestic Security, amending sections 401a, 402, 402a to 402c, 403-5, 403-5b, 403-6, 403a, 403b, 403g, 403n, 403p, 403q, 403t, 403u, 404e, 404g to 404i, 404i-1, 404j to 404l, 404n, 404n-1, 404n-2, 405, 413, 413a, 413b, 414, 415a, 415a-1, 423, 431, 432, 432a, 432b, 441g, 442a, 1802 to 1805, 1822 to 1824, 1842, 2001, and 2011 of this title, sections 5312, 5313, 5315, 7323, and 7342 of Title 5, section 105 of the Ethics in Government Act set out in the Appendix to Title 5, section 9 of the Classified Information Procedures Act set out in the Appendix to Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and section 113 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, repealing sections 403, 403-1, 403-3, 403-4, and 404f of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 403, 403-1, 403-1a, and 403-4b of this title, and section 601 of Title 5, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 403, 403-3, 403-4, 435, and 441g of this title, section 4124 of Title 18, and section 519 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the 'National Security Intelligence Reform Act of 2004'." SHORT TITLE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 107-306, title IX, Sec. 901(a), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2432, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 402b and 402c of this title, amending section 402a of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 402b of this title] may be cited as the 'Counterintelligence Enhancement Act of 2002'." SHORT TITLE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 104-293, title VIII, Sec. 801, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3474, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 403, 403-1, 403- 5a, and 403t of this title, amending sections 402, 403, 403-3 to 403-6, and 404d of this title and sections 5314 and 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, repealing former section 403 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 403-3, 403-4, and 403t of this title] may be cited as the 'Intelligence Renewal and Reform Act of 1996'." SHORT TITLE OF 1994 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 103-359, title VIII, Sec. 801, Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3434, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 402a, 435 to 438, and 1821 to 1829 of this title, section 2170b of the Appendix to this title, section 1599 [now 1611] of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 1924 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending section 783 of this title, section 2170 of the Appendix to this title, section 8312 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, section 1604 of Title 10, and sections 793, 794, 798, 3071, and 3077 of Title 18, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 435 and 1821 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 402 and 1801 of this title] may be cited as the 'Counterintelligence and Security Enhancements Act of 1994'." SHORT TITLE OF 1992 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 102-496, title VII, Sec. 701, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3188, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 401a and 403-3 to 403-6 of this title, amending sections 402, 403, 404, and 404a of this title, and repealing section 403-1 of this title] may be cited as the 'Intelligence Organization Act of 1992'." SHORT TITLE OF 1984 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 98-477, Sec. 1, Oct. 15, 1984, 98 Stat. 2209, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 431 and 432 of this title, amending section 552a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 431 and 432 of this title] may be cited as the 'Central Intelligence Agency Information Act'." SHORT TITLE OF 1982 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 97-200, Sec. 1, June 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 122, provided: "That this Act [enacting subchapter IV of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Intelligence Identities Protection Act of 1982'." SHORT TITLE OF 1949 AMENDMENT Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1949, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 408 and 412 of this title and sections 171-1, 171t, 172, 172a to 172d, and 172f to 172j of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, amending this section, sections 151, 402, 403d, 405, 410, 459, 481, and 494 of this title, sections 171, 171a, 171b to 171d, 171e to 171j, 171n, 171r, 172e, 411b, and 626c of former Title 5, section 1748b of Title 12, Banks and Banking, section 1517 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 474, 481 to 484, and 487 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, section 364a of Title 43, Public Lands, sections 1156 and 1157 of former Title 49, Transportation, and section 1193 of the Appendix to this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 171 and 171c of former Title 5] may be cited as the 'National Security Act Amendments of 1949'." SHORT TITLE Section 1 of act July 26, 1947, provided: "That this Act [enacting this section, sections 401a to 403, 404, 405, and 408 to 412 of this title, and sections 171, 171-1, 171-2, 171a, 171b to 171d, 171e to 171j, 171k to 171m, 171n, 172, 172a to 172d, 172f to 172j, 181-1, 181-2, 411a, 411b, 626, 626a to 626c, and 626d of former Title 5, Executive Department and Government Officers and Employees, amending sections 1, 11, and 172e of former Title 5, section 1517 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and section 72 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 135 of Title 10, Armed Forces] may be cited as the 'National Security Act of 1947'." Sections of National Security Act of 1947, which were classified to former Title 5, were repealed and restated in Title 10, Armed Forces, except as noted, as follows: Section of former Section of Title 10 Title 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 171 131, 133. 171a(a), (b) 133. 171a(c) 125, 136, 141, 3010, 3012, 5011, 5031, 8010, 8012. 171a(d) 133. 171a(e) 132. 171a(f) 133. 171a(g)-(i) [Omitted]. 171a(j) 124. 171c 134, 135, 136, 718, 2358. 171c-1, 171c-2 [Repealed]. 171d 1580. 171e 171. 171f 141, 142. 171g 143. 171h 2201. 171i 2351. 171j 173. 172 136. 172a 3014, 5061, 8014. 172b 2203. 172c 2204. 172d 2208. 172e 2209. 172f 126. 172g 2205. 172h 2206. 172i 2701. 181-1 101, 3011, 3012, 3062, T. 50 Sec. 409. 181-2 3012. 411a(a) 101; T. 50 Sec. 409. 411a(b) 5012. 411a(c) 5013, 5402. 626(a) 8012. 626(b) [Repealed]. 626(c) 101; T. 50 Sec. 409. 626(d) 8013. 626(e) 8012. 626(f) 8033. 626(g) 8011. 626a 8012. 626b 8013. 626c 743, 8062. -------------------------------------------------------------------- SAVINGS PROVISIONS Pub. L. 108-487, title VIII, Sec. 803, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3962, provided that: "(a) Head of Intelligence Community. - (1) During the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2004] and ending on the date of the appointment of the Director of National Intelligence [Apr. 21, 2005] under section 102 of the National Security Act of 1947, as amended by section 1011(a) of the National Security Intelligence Reform Act of 2004 [50 U.S.C. 403], the Director of Central Intelligence may, acting as the head of the intelligence community, discharge the functions and authorities provided in this Act, and the amendments made by this Act [see Effective Date of 2004 Amendments note set out under section 2656f of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse], to the Director of National Intelligence. "(2) During the period referred to in paragraph (1) any reference in this Act or the amendments made by this Act to the Director of National Intelligence shall be considered to be a reference to the Director of Central Intelligence, as the head of the intelligence community. "(3) Upon the appointment of an individual as Director of National Intelligence under section 102 of the National Security Act of 1947, as so amended, any reference in this Act, or in the classified annex to accompany this Act, to the Director of Central Intelligence as head of the intelligence community shall be deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. "(b) Head of Central Intelligence Agency. - (1) During the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2004] and ending on the date of the appointment of the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency under section 104A of the National Security Act of 1947, as amended by section 1011(a) of the National Security Intelligence Reform Act of 2004 [50 U.S.C. 403-4a], the Director of Central Intelligence may, acting as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, discharge the functions and authorities provided in this Act, and the amendments made by this Act, to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. "(2) Upon the appointment of an individual as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency under section 104A of the National Security Act of 1947, as so amended, any reference in this Act, or in the classified annex to accompany this Act, to the Director of Central Intelligence as head of the Central Intelligence Agency shall be deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency." Section 12(g) of act Aug. 10, 1949, provided: "All laws, orders, regulations, and other actions relating to the National Military Establishment, the Departments of the Army, the Navy, or the Air Force, or to any officer or activity of such establishment or such departments, shall, except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [see Short Title of 1949 Amendment note above], have the same effect as if this Act had not been enacted; but, after the effective date of this Act [Aug. 10, 1949], any such law, order, regulation, or other action which vested functions in or otherwise related to any officer, department, or establishment, shall be deemed to have vested such function in or relate to the officer or department, executive or military, succeeding the officer, department, or establishment in which such function was vested. For purposes of this subsection the Department of Defense shall be deemed the department succeeding the National Military Establishment, and the military departments of Army, Navy, and Air Force shall be deemed the departments succeeding the Executive Departments of Army, Navy, and Air Force." SEPARABILITY Pub. L. 108-458, title I, Sec. 1103, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3700, provided that: "If any provision of this Act [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note above], or an amendment made by this Act, or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of this Act, or the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other those to which such provision is held invalid shall not be affected thereby." Section 309 of act July 26, 1947, provided: "If any provision of this Act [see Short Title note above] or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of the Act and of the application of such provision to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby." [Section 310(a) of act July 26, 1947, set out as an Effective Date note above, provided that section 309 of act July 26, 1947, is effective July 26, 1947.] CONSTRUCTION OF REFERENCES TO DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE Pub. L. 108-487, title VIII, Sec. 802, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3962, provided that: "Except as otherwise specifically provided or otherwise provided by context, any reference in this Act [see Effective Date of 2004 Amendments note set out under section 2656f of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse], or in the classified annex to accompany this Act, to the Director of Central Intelligence shall be deemed to be a reference to the Director of Central Intelligence as head of the intelligence community." INCORPORATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS Pub. L. 108-177, title I, Sec. 106, Dec. 13, 2003, 117 Stat. 2604, provided that: "(a) In General. - Each requirement to submit a report to the congressional intelligence committees that is included in the joint explanatory statement to accompany the conference report on the bill H.R. 2417 of the One Hundred Eighth Congress [enacted as Pub. L. 108-177], or in the classified annex to this Act, is hereby incorporated into this Act, and is hereby made a requirement in law. "(b) Congressional Intelligence Committees Defined. - In this section, the term 'congressional intelligence committees' means - "(1) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and "(2) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives." Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 107-306, title I, Sec. 108, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2388. NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR REVIEW OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS OF THE UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY Pub. L. 107-306, title X, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2437, as amended by Pub. L. 108-177, title III, Sec. 315(a), Dec. 13, 2003, 117 Stat. 2610, established the National Commission for the Review of the Research and Development Programs of the United States Intelligence Community to review the status of research and development programs and activities within the intelligence community, directed the Commission to submit to the congressional intelligence committees, the Director of Central Intelligence, and the Secretary of Defense a final report on such review not later than Sept. 1, 2004, provided that the Commission was to terminate at the end of the 120-day period beginning on the date on which the final report was transmitted to the congressional intelligence committees, and directed the Director of Central Intelligence and the Secretary of Defense to each submit to the congressional intelligence committees an assessment of the final report not later than 60 days after receipt. NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE Pub. L. 106-120, title VII, Dec. 3, 1999, 113 Stat. 1620, established the National Commission for the Review of the National Reconnaissance Office to review the current organization, practices, and authorities of the National Reconnaissance Office, directed the Commission to submit to the congressional intelligence committees, the Director of Central Intelligence, and the Secretary of Defense a final report on such review not later than Nov. 1, 2000, provided that the Commission would terminate at the end of the 120-day period beginning on the date on which the final report was transmitted to the congressional intelligence committees, and directed the Director of Central Intelligence and the Secretary of Defense to each submit to the congressional intelligence committees an assessment of the final report not later than 60 days after receipt. COMMISSION ON ROLES AND CAPABILITIES OF UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY Pub. L. 103-359, title IX, Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3456, related to establishment, composition, duties, reports, powers, payment of expenses, and termination, not later than Mar. 1, 1996, of the Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON DEFENSE AND NATIONAL SECURITY Pub. L. 101-511, title VIII, Sec. 8104, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1898, as amended by Pub. L. 102-172, title VIII, Sec. 8078, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1189, provided that: "SECTION 1. This section establishes the National Commission on Defense and National Security. "SEC. 2. FINDINGS. "The Congress makes the following findings: "(1) Recent revolutionary world events require a fundamental reassessment of the defense and national security policies of the United States. "(2) Emerging democracies around the world will require political, technical, and economic assistance, as well as military assistance, from the developed free nations in order to thrive and to become productive members of the world community. "(3) Real and potential military threats to the United States and its allies will continue to exist for the foreseeable future from not just the Soviet Union but also from terrorism and from Third World nations. "(4) Proliferation of both sophisticated conventional weapons and of nuclear weapons could produce a world more dangerous than we have faced in the past. "(5) Ethnic rivalries as well as economic inequalities may produce instabilities that could spark serious conflict. "(6) In order to formulate coherent national policies to meet these challenges of a new world environment, it is essential for the United States to achieve a bipartisan consensus such as that which emerged following World War II. "(7) Such a consensus can be fostered by the development of policy recommendations from a highly respected group of individuals who do not bear a partisan label and who possess critical expertise and experience. "SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT. "There is established a commission to be known as [the] National Commission on Defense and National Security (hereinafter in this Act referred to as the 'Commission'). The Commission is established until 30 days following submission of the final report required by section 6 of this section. "SEC. 4. DUTIES OF COMMISSION. "(a) In General. - The Commission shall analyze and make recommendations to the President and Congress concerning the national security and national defense policies of the United States. "(b) Matters To Be Analyzed. - Matters to be analyzed by the Commission shall include the following: "(1) The world-wide interests, goals, and objectives of the United States that are vital to the national security of the United States. "(2) The political, economic, and military developments around the world and the implications of those developments for United States national security interests, including - "(A) the developments in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union; "(B) the question of German unification; "(C) the future of NATO and European economic integration; "(D) the future of the Pacific Basin; and "(E) potential instability resulting from regional conflicts or economic problems in the developing world. "(3) The foreign policy, world-wide commitments, and national defense capabilities of the United States necessary to deter aggression and implement the national security strategy of the United States, including the contribution that can be made by bilateral and multilateral political and economic associations in promoting interests that the United States shares with other members of the world community. "(4) The proposed short-term uses of the political, economic, military, and other elements of national power for the United States to protect or promote the interests and to achieve the goals and objectives referred to in paragraph (1). "(5) Long-term options that should be considered further for a number of potential courses of world events over the remainder of the century and into the next century. "SEC. 5. MEMBERSHIP. "(a) Number and Appointment. - The Commission shall be composed of 10 members, as follows: "(1) Three appointed by the President. "(2) Three appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. "(3) One appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives. "(4) Two appointed by the majority leader of the Senate. "(5) One appointed by the minority leader of the Senate. "(b) Qualifications. - Persons appointed to the Commission shall be persons who are not officers or employees of the Federal Government (including Members of Congress) and who are specially qualified to serve on the Commission by virtue of their education, training, or experience. "(c) Terms. - Members shall be appointed for the life of the Commission. A vacancy in the Commission shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made. "(d) Basic Pay. - Members of the Commission shall serve without pay. "(e) Quorum. - A majority of the members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may hold hearings. "(f) Chairman and Vice Chairman. - The Chairman of the Commission shall be designated by the President from among the members appointed by the President. The Vice Chairman of the Commission shall be designated by the Speaker of the House of Representatives from among the members appointed by the Speaker. "(g) Meetings. - The Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairman or a majority of its members. "(h) Deadline for Appointments. - Members of the Commission shall be appointed not later than the end of the 30-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990]. "SEC. 6. REPORTS. "(a) Initial Report. - The Commission shall transmit to the President and to Congress an initial report not later than six months after the date on which the Commission is first constituted with a quorum. "(b) Final Report. - The Commission shall transmit to the President and to Congress a final report one year following submission of the initial report under subsection (a). "(c) Contents of Reports. - The report under subsection (b) shall contain a detailed statement of the findings and conclusions of the Commission concerning the matters to be studied by the Commission under section 4, together with its recommendations for such legislation and administrative actions as it considers appropriate. Such report shall include a comprehensive description and discussion of the matters set forth in section 4. "(d) Reports To Be Unclassified. - Each such report shall be submitted in unclassified form. "(e) Additional and Minority Views. - Each report may include such additional and minority views as individual members of the Commission may request be included. "SEC. 7. DIRECTOR AND STAFF OF COMMISSION; EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS. "(a) Director. - The Commission shall, without regard to section 5311(b) of title 5, United States Code, have a Director who shall be appointed by the Chairman and who shall be paid at a rate not to exceed the maximum rate of basic pay payable for GS-18 of the General Schedule. "(b) Staff. - The Chairman may appoint and fix the pay of such additional personnel as the Chairman considers appropriate. "(c) Applicability of Certain Civil Service Laws. - The Director and staff of the Commission may be appointed without regard to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and may be paid without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, except that no individual so appointed may receive pay in excess of the annual rate of basic pay payable for GS-18 of the General Schedule. "(d) Experts and Consultants. - Subject to such rules as may be prescribed by the Commission, the Chairman may procure temporary and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5 of the United States Code, but at rates for individuals not to exceed the daily equivalent of the maximum annual rate of basic pay payable for GS-18 of the General Schedule. "(e) Staff of Federal Agencies. - Upon request of the Commission, the head of any Federal agency may detail, on a reimbursable basis, any of the personnel of such agency to the Commission to assist the Commission in carrying out its duties under this Act. "SEC. 8. POWERS OF COMMISSION "(a) Hearings and Sessions. - The Commission may, for the purpose of carrying out this Act, hold such hearings, sit and act at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such evidence, as the Commission considers appropriate. "(b) Powers of Members and Agents. - Any member or agent of the Commission may, if so authorized by the Commission, take any action which the Commission is authorized to take by this section. "(c) Obtaining Official Data. - The Chairman or a designee on behalf of the Chairman may request information necessary to enable the Commission to carry out this Act directly from any department or agency of the United States. "(d) Gifts. - The Commission may accept, use, and dispose of gifts or donations of services or property. "(e) Mails. - The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and agencies of the United States. "(f) Administrative Support Services. - The Administrator of General Services shall provide to the Commission on a reimbursable basis such administrative support services as the Commission may request. "SEC. 9. INITIAL FUNDING OF COMMISSION. "If funds are not otherwise available for the necessary expenses of the Commission for fiscal year 1991, the Secretary of Defense shall make available to the Commission, from funds available to the Secretary for the fiscal year concerned, such funds as the Commission requires. When funds are specifically appropriated for the expenses of the Commission, the Commission shall reimburse the Secretary from such funds for any funds provided to it under the preceding sentence." [References in laws to the rates of pay for GS-16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, Sec. 101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101-509, set out in a note under section 5376 of Title 5.] INTELLIGENCE PRIORITIES AND REORGANIZATION Pub. L. 101-510, div. A, title IX, Sec. 907, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1622, provided that: "(a) Revision of Priorities and Consolidation of Functions. - The Secretary of Defense, together with the Director of Central Intelligence, shall conduct a joint review of all intelligence and intelligence-related activities in the Tactical Intelligence and Related Activities (TIARA) programs and the National Foreign Intelligence Program (NFIP). The Secretary, together with the Director, shall take the following actions with respect to those activities: "(1) In cases in which redundancy or fragmentation exist, consolidate functions, programs, organizations, and operations to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the conduct of those intelligence activities or programs. "(2) Revise intelligence collection and analysis priorities and resource allocations to reflect changes in the international security environment. "(3) Strengthen joint intelligence functions, operations, and organizations. "(4) Improve the quality and independence of intelligence support to the weapons acquisition process. "(5) Improve the responsiveness and utility of national intelligence systems and organizations to the needs of the combatant commanders. "(b) Personnel Reductions. - (1) The number of personnel assigned or detailed to the National Foreign Intelligence Program and related Tactical Intelligence and Related Activities programs shall be reduced by not less than 5 percent of the number of such personnel described in paragraph (2) during each of fiscal years 1992 through 1996. "(2) The number of personnel referred to in paragraph (1) is the number of personnel assigned or detailed to such programs on September 30, 1990." FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE For provisions relating to the exercise of certain authority respecting foreign intelligence electronic surveillance, see Ex. Ord. No. 12139, May 23, 1979, 44 F.R. 30311, set out under section 1802 of this title. CHANGE OF TITLES OF SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, ET AL.; REAPPOINTMENT Section 12(f) of act Aug. 10, 1949, provided in part that: "The titles of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Air Force, the Under Secretaries and the Assistant Secretaries of the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, the Chairman of the Munitions Board, and the Chairman of the Research and Development Board, shall not be changed by virtue of this Act [see Short Title of 1949 Amendment note set out above] and the reappointment of the officials holding such titles on the effective date of this Act [Aug. 10, 1949] shall not be required." REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 8 OF 1949 Section 12(i) of act Aug. 10, 1949, provided that: "Reorganization Plan Numbered 8 of 1949, which was transmitted to the Congress by the President on July 18, 1949 [set out in Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees] pursuant to the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1949, shall not take effect, notwithstanding the provisions of section 6 of such Reorganization Act of 1949." -EXEC- EX. ORD. NO. 10431. NATIONAL SECURITY MEDAL Ex. Ord. No. 10431, Jan. 19, 1953, 18 F.R. 437, provided: 1. There is hereby established a medal to be known as the National Security Medal with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances. The medal and its appurtenances shall be of appropriate design, approved by the Executive Secretary of the National Security Council. 2. The National Security Medal may be awarded to any person, without regard to nationality, including members of the armed forces of the United States, for distinguished achievement or outstanding contribution on or after July 26, 1947, in the field of intelligence relating to the national security. 3. The decoration established by this order shall be awarded by the President of the United States or, under regulations approved by him, by such person or persons as he may designate. 4. No more than one National Security Medal shall be awarded to any one person, but for subsequent services justifying an award, a suitable device may be awarded to be worn with the Medal. 5. Members of the armed forces of the United States who are awarded the decoration established by this order are authorized to wear the medal and the ribbon symbolic of the award, as may be authorized by uniform regulations approved by the Secretary of Defense. 6. The decoration established by this order may be awarded posthumously. REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE AWARD OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY MEDAL Pursuant to Paragraph 2 of Executive Order 10431, the following regulations are hereby issued to govern the award of the National Security Medal: 1. The National Security Medal may be awarded to any person without regard to nationality, including a member of the Armed Forces of the United States, who, on or after 26 July 1947, has made an outstanding contribution to the National intelligence effort. This contribution may consist of either exceptionally meritorious service performed in a position of high responsibility or of an act of valor requiring personal courage of a high degree and complete disregard of personal safety. 2. The National Security Medal with accompanying ribbon and appurtenances, shall be of appropriate design to be approved by the Executive Secretary of the National Security Council. 3. The National Security Medal shall be awarded only by the President or his designee for that purpose. 4. Recommendations may be submitted to the Executive Secretary of the National Security Council by any individual having personal knowledge of the facts of the exceptionally meritorious conduct or act of valor of the candidate in the performance of outstanding services, either as an eyewitness or from the testimony of others who have personal knowledge or were eyewitnesses. Any recommendations shall be accompanied by complete documentation, including where necessary, certificates, affidavits or sworn transcripts of testimony. Each recommendation for an award shall show the exact status, at the time of the rendition of the service on which the recommendation is based, with respect to citizenship, employment, and all other material factors, of the person who is being recommended for the National Security Medal. 5. Each recommendation shall contain a draft of an appropriate citation to accompany the award of the National Security Medal. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 11905 Ex. Ord. No. 11905, Feb. 18, 1976, 41 F.R. 7703, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11985, May 13, 1977, 42 F.R. 25487; Ex. Ord. No. 11994, June 1, 1977, 42 F.R. 28869, which related to United States foreign intelligence activities, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12036, Jan. 24, 1978, 43 F.R. 3674, formerly set out below. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 12036 Ex. Ord. No. 12036, Jan. 24, 1978, 43 F.R. 3674, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12139, May 23, 1979, 44 F.R. 30311, which related to United States foreign intelligence activities, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12333, Dec. 4, 1981, 46 F.R. 59941, set out below. EX. ORD. NO. 12333. UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES Ex. Ord. No. 12333, Dec. 4, 1981, 46 F.R. 59941, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13284, Sec. 18, Jan. 23, 2003, 68 F.R. 4077; Ex. Ord. No. 13355, Secs. 2, 3, 6, Aug. 27, 2004, 69 F.R. 53593, provided: TABLE OF CONTENTS -------------------------------------------------------------------- Preamble PART 1. GOALS, DIRECTION, DUTIES, AND RESPONSIBILITIES WITH RESPECT TO THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE EFFORT 1.1 Goals 1.2 The National Security Council 1.3 National Foreign Intelligence Advisory Groups 1.4 The Intelligence Community 1.5 Director of Central Intelligence 1.6 Duties and Responsibilities of the Heads of Executive Branch Departments and Agencies 1.7 Senior Officials of the Intelligence Community 1.8 The Central Intelligence Agency 1.9 The Department of State 1.10 The Department of the Treasury 1.11 The Department of Defense 1.12 Intelligence Components Utilized by the Secretary of Defense 1.13 The Department of Energy 1.14 The Federal Bureau of Investigation PART 2. CONDUCT OF INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES 2.1 Need 2.2 Purpose 2.3 Collection of Information 2.4 Collection Techniques 2.5 Attorney General Approval 2.6 Assistance to Law Enforcement Authorities 2.7 Contracting 2.8 Consistency With Other Laws 2.9 Undisclosed Participation in Organizations Within the United States 2.10 Human Experimentation 2.11 Prohibition on Assassination 2.12 Indirect Participation PART 3. GENERAL PROVISIONS 3.1 Congressional Oversight 3.2 Implementation 3.3 Procedures 3.4 Definitions 3.5 Purpose and Effect 3.6 Revocation -------------------------------------------------------------------- Timely and accurate information about the activities, capabilities, plans, and intentions of foreign powers, organizations, and persons, and their agents, is essential to the national security of the United States. All reasonable and lawful means must be used to ensure that the United States will receive the best intelligence available. For that purpose, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including the National Security Act of 1947, as amended (Act) [see Short Title note above], and as President of the United States of America, in order to provide for the effective conduct of United States intelligence activities and the protection of constitutional rights, it is hereby ordered as follows: -MISC3- PART 1 - GOALS, DIRECTION, DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES WITH RESPECT TO THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE EFFORT 1.1 GOALS The United States intelligence effort shall provide the President and the National Security Council with the necessary information on which to base decisions concerning the conduct and development of foreign, defense and economic policy, and the protection of United States national interests from foreign security threats. All departments and agencies shall cooperate fully to fulfill this goal. (a) Maximum emphasis should be given to fostering analytical competition among appropriate elements of the Intelligence Community. (b) All means, consistent with applicable United States law and this Order, and with full consideration of the rights of United States persons, shall be used to develop intelligence information for the President and the National Security Council. A balanced approach between technical collection efforts and other means should be maintained and encouraged. (c) Special emphasis should be given to detecting and countering espionage and other threats and activities directed by foreign intelligence services against the United States Government, or United States corporations, establishments, or persons. (d) To the greatest extent possible consistent with applicable United States law and this Order, and with full consideration of the rights of United States persons, all agencies and departments should seek to ensure full and free exchange of information in order to derive maximum benefit from the United States intelligence effort. 1.2 THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL (a) Purpose. The National Security Council (NSC) was established by the National Security Act of 1947 [see Short Title note above] to advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign and military policies relating to the national security. The NSC shall act as the highest Executive Branch entity that provides review of, guidance for and direction to the conduct of all national foreign intelligence, counterintelligence, and special activities, and attendant policies and programs. (b) Committees. The NSC shall establish such committees as may be necessary to carry out its functions and responsibilities under this Order. The NSC, or a committee established by it, shall consider and submit to the President a policy recommendation, including all dissents, on each special activity and shall review proposals for other sensitive intelligence operations. 1.3 NATIONAL FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE ADVISORY GROUPS (a) Establishment and Duties. The Director of Central Intelligence shall establish such boards, councils, or groups as required for the purpose of obtaining advice from within the Intelligence Community concerning: (1) Production, review and coordination of national foreign intelligence; (2) Priorities for the National Foreign Intelligence Program budget; (3) Interagency exchanges of foreign intelligence information; (4) Arrangements with foreign governments and organizations on intelligence matters; (5) Protection of intelligence sources and methods; (6) Activities of common concern; and (7) Such other matters as may be referred by the Director of Central Intelligence. (b) Membership. Advisory groups established pursuant to this section shall be chaired by the Director of Central Intelligence or his designated representative and shall consist of senior representatives from organizations within the Intelligence Community and from departments or agencies containing such organizations, as designated by the Director of Central Intelligence. Groups for consideration of substantive intelligence matters will include representatives of organizations involved in the collection, processing and analysis of intelligence. A senior representative of the Secretary of Commerce, the Attorney General, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, and the Office of the Secretary of Defense shall be invited to participate in any group which deals with other than substantive intelligence matters. 1.4 THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY The agencies within the Intelligence Community shall, in accordance with applicable United States law and with the other provisions of this Order, conduct intelligence activities necessary for the conduct of foreign relations and the protection of the national security of the United States, including: (a) Collection of information needed by the President and, in the performance of Executive functions, the Vice President,, [sic] the National Security Council, the Secretaries of State and Defense, and other Executive Branch officials for the performance of their duties and responsibilities; (b) Production and dissemination of intelligence; (c) Collection of information concerning, and the conduct of activities to protect against, intelligence activities directed against the United States, international terrorist and international narcotics activities, and other hostile activities directed against the United States by foreign powers, organizations, persons, and their agents; (d) Special activities; (e) Administrative and support activities within the United States and abroad necessary for the performance of authorized activities; and (f) Such other intelligence activities as the President may direct from time to time. 1.5 DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE In order to discharge the duties and responsibilities prescribed by law, the Director of Central Intelligence shall be responsible directly to the President and the NSC and shall: (a)(1) Act as the principal adviser to the President for intelligence matters related to the national security; (2) Act as the principal adviser to the National Security Council and Homeland Security Council for intelligence matters related to the national security; and (b)(1) Develop such objectives and guidance for the Intelligence Community necessary, in the Director's judgment, to ensure timely and effective collection, processing, analysis, and dissemination of intelligence, of whatever nature and from whatever source derived, concerning current and potential threats to the security of the United States and its interests, and to ensure that the National Foreign Intelligence Program (NFIP) is structured adequately to achieve these requirements; and (2) Working with the Intelligence Community, ensure that United States intelligence collection activities are integrated in: (i) collecting against enduring and emerging national security intelligence issues; (ii) maximizing the value to the national security; and (iii) ensuring that all collected data is available to the maximum extent practicable for integration, analysis, and dissemination to those who can act on, add value to, or otherwise apply it to mission needs. (c) Promote the development and maintenance of services of common concern by designated intelligence organizations on behalf of the Intelligence Community; (d) Ensure implementation of special activities; (e) Formulate policies concerning foreign intelligence and counterintelligence arrangements with foreign governments, coordinate foreign intelligence and counterintelligence relationships between agencies of the Intelligence Community and the intelligence or internal security services of foreign governments, and establish procedures governing the conduct of liaison by any department or agency with such services on narcotics activities; (f) Participate in the development of procedures approved by the Attorney General governing criminal narcotics intelligence activities abroad to ensure that these activities are consistent with foreign intelligence programs; (g)(1) Establish common security and access standards for managing and handling intelligence systems, information, and products, with special emphasis on facilitating: (A) the fullest and most prompt sharing of information practicable, assigning the highest priority to detecting, preventing, preempting, and disrupting terrorist threats against our homeland, our people, our allies, and our interests; and (B) the establishment of interface standards for an interoperable information sharing enterprise that facilitates the automated sharing of intelligence information among agencies within the Intelligence Community. (2)(A) Establish, operate, and direct national centers with respect to matters determined by the President for purposes of this subparagraph to be of the highest national security priority, with the functions of analysis and planning (including planning for diplomatic, financial, military, intelligence, homeland security, and law enforcement activities, and integration of such activities among departments and agencies) relating to such matters. (B) The countering of terrorism within the United States, or against citizens of the United States, our allies, and our interests abroad, is hereby determined to be a matter of the highest national security priority for purposes of subparagraph (2)(A) of this subsection. (3) Ensure that appropriate agencies and departments have access to and receive all-source intelligence support needed to perform independent, alternative analysis. (h) Ensure that programs are developed which protect intelligence sources, methods, and analytical procedures; (i) Establish uniform criteria for the determination of relative priorities for the transmission of critical national foreign intelligence, and advise the Secretary of Defense concerning the communications requirements of the Intelligence Community for the transmission of such intelligence; (j) Establish appropriate staffs, committees, or other advisory groups to assist in the execution of the Director's responsibilities; (k) Have full responsibility for production and dissemination of national foreign intelligence, and authority to levy analytic tasks on departmental intelligence production organizations, in consultation with those organizations, ensuring that appropriate mechanisms for competitive analysis are developed so that diverse points of view are considered fully and differences of judgment within the Intelligence Community are brought to the attention of national policymakers; (l) Ensure the timely exploitation and dissemination of data gathered by national foreign intelligence collection means, and ensure that the resulting intelligence is disseminated immediately to appropriate government entities and military commands; (m)(1) Establish policies, procedures, and mechanisms that translate intelligence objectives and priorities approved by the President into specific guidance for the Intelligence Community. (2) In accordance with objectives and priorities approved by the President, establish collection requirements for the Intelligence Community, determine collection priorities, manage collection tasking, and resolve conflicts in the tasking of national collection assets (except when otherwise directed by the President or when the Secretary of Defense exercises collection tasking authority under plans and arrangements approved by the Secretary of Defense and the Director) of the Intelligence Community. (3) Provide advisory tasking concerning collection of intelligence information to elements of the United States Government that have information collection capabilities and are not organizations within the Intelligence Community. (4) The responsibilities in subsections 1.5(m)(2) and (3) apply, to the maximum extent consistent with applicable law, whether information is to be collected inside or outside the United States. (n)(1) Develop, determine, and present with the advice of the heads of departments or agencies that have an organization within the Intelligence Community, the annual consolidated NFIP budget. The Director shall be responsible for developing an integrated and balanced national intelligence program that is directly responsive to the national security threats facing the United States. The Director shall submit such budget (accompanied by dissenting views, if any, of the head of a department or agency that has an organization within the Intelligence Community) to the President for approval; and (2) Participate in the development by the Secretary of Defense of the annual budgets for the Joint Military Intelligence Program (JMIP) and the Tactical Intelligence and Related Activities (TIARA) Program. (o)(1) Transfer, consistent with applicable law and with the approval of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, funds from an appropriation for the NFIP to another appropriation for the NFIP or to another NFIP component; (2) Review, and approve or disapprove, consistent with applicable law, any proposal to: (i) reprogram funds within an appropriation for the NFIP; (ii) transfer funds from an appropriation for the NFIP to an appropriation that is not for the NFIP within the Intelligence Community; or (iii) transfer funds from an appropriation that is not for the NFIP within the Intelligence Community to an appropriation for the NFIP; and (3) Monitor and consult with the Secretary of Defense on reprogrammings or transfers of funds within, into, or out of, appropriations for the JMIP and the TIARA Program. (p)(1) Monitor implementation and execution of the NFIP budget by the heads of departments or agencies that have an organization within the Intelligence Community, including, as necessary, by conducting program and performance audits and evaluations; (2) Monitor implementation of the JMIP and the TIARA Program and advise the Secretary of Defense thereon; and (3) After consultation with the heads of relevant departments, report periodically, and not less often than semiannually, to the President on the effectiveness of implementation of the NFIP Program by organizations within the Intelligence Community, for which purpose the heads of departments and agencies shall ensure that the Director has access to programmatic, execution, and other appropriate information. (q) Together with the Secretary of Defense, ensure that there is no unnecessary overlap between national foreign intelligence programs and Department of Defense intelligence programs consistent with the requirement to develop competitive analysis, and provide to and obtain from the Secretary of Defense all information necessary for this purpose; (r) In accordance with law and relevant procedures approved by the Attorney General under this Order, give the heads of the departments and agencies access to all intelligence, developed by the CIA or the staff elements of the Director of Central Intelligence, relevant to the national intelligence needs of the departments and agencies; and (s) Facilitate the use of national foreign intelligence products by Congress in a secure manner. 1.6 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE HEADS OF EXECUTIVE BRANCH DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES (a) The heads of all departments and agencies shall: (1) Unless the Director provides otherwise, give the Director access to all foreign intelligence, counterintelligence, and national intelligence, as defined in the Act, that is relevant to transnational terrorist threats and weapons of mass destruction proliferation threats, including such relevant intelligence derived from activities of the FBI, DHS, and any other department or agency, and all other information that is related to the national security or that otherwise is required for the performance of the Director's duties, except such information that is prohibited by law, by the President, or by the Attorney General acting under this order at the direction of the President from being provided to the Director. The Attorney General shall agree to procedures with the Director pursuant to section 3(5)(B) of the Act [50 U.S.C. 401a(5)(B)] no later than 90 days after the issuance of this order that ensure the Director receives all such information; (2) support the Director in developing the NFIP; (3) ensure that any intelligence and operational systems and architectures of their departments and agencies are consistent with national intelligence requirements set by the Director and all applicable information sharing and security guidelines, and information privacy requirements; and (4) provide, to the extent permitted by law, subject to the availability of appropriations, and not inconsistent with the mission of the department or agency, such further support to the Director as the Director may request, after consultation with the head of the department or agency, for the performance of the Director's functions. (b) The heads of departments and agencies involved in the National Foreign Intelligence Program shall ensure timely development and submission to the Director of Central Intelligence by the program managers and heads of component activities of proposed national programs and budgets in the format designated by the Director of Central Intelligence, and shall also ensure that the Director of Central Intelligence is provided, in a timely and responsive manner, all information necessary to perform the Director's program and budget responsibilities. (c) The heads of departments and agencies involved in the National Foreign Intelligence Program may appeal to the President decisions by the Director of Central Intelligence on budget or reprogramming matters of the National Foreign Intelligence Program. 1.7 SENIOR OFFICIALS OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY The heads of departments and agencies with organizations in the Intelligence Community or the heads of such organizations, as appropriate, shall: (a) Report to the Attorney General possible violations of federal criminal laws by employees and of specified federal criminal laws by any other person as provided in procedures agreed upon by the Attorney General and the head of the department or agency concerned, in a manner consistent with the protection of intelligence sources and methods, as specified in those procedures; (b) In any case involving serious or continuing breaches of security, recommend to the Attorney General that the case be referred to the FBI for further investigation; (c) Furnish the NSC, in accordance with applicable law and procedures approved by the Attorney General under this Order, the information required for the performance of its duties; (d) Report to the Intelligence Oversight Board, and keep the Director of Central Intelligence appropriately informed, concerning any intelligence activities of their organizations that they have reason to believe may be unlawful or contrary to Executive order or Presidential directive; (e) Protect intelligence and intelligence sources and methods from unauthorized disclosure consistent with guidance from the Director of Central Intelligence; (f) Disseminate intelligence to cooperating foreign governments under arrangements established or agreed to by the Director of Central Intelligence; (g) Participate in the development of procedures approved by the Attorney General governing production and dissemination of intelligence resulting from criminal narcotics intelligence activities abroad if their departments, agencies, or organizations have intelligence responsibilities for foreign or domestic narcotics production and trafficking; (h) Instruct their employees to cooperate fully with the Intelligence Oversight Board; and (i) Ensure that the Inspectors General and General Counsels for their organizations have access to any information necessary to perform their duties assigned by this Order. 1.8 THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY All duties and responsibilities of the CIA shall be related to the intelligence functions set out below. As authorized by this Order; the National Security Act of 1947, as amended [see Short Title note above]; the CIA Act of 1949, as amended [probably means the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, see Short Title note set out under 50 U.S.C. 403a]; appropriate directives or other applicable law, the CIA shall: (a) Collect, produce and disseminate foreign intelligence and counterintelligence, including information not otherwise obtainable. The collection of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence within the United States shall be coordinated with the FBI as required by procedures agreed upon by the Director of Central Intelligence and the Attorney General; (b) Collect, produce and disseminate intelligence on foreign aspects of narcotics production and trafficking; (c) Conduct counterintelligence activities outside the United States and, without assuming or performing any internal security functions, conduct counterintelligence activities within the United States in coordination with the FBI as required by procedures agreed upon by the Director of Central Intelligence and the Attorney General; (d) Coordinate counterintelligence activities and the collection of information not otherwise obtainable when conducted outside the United States by other departments and agencies; (e) Conduct special activities approved by the President. No agency except the CIA (or the Armed Forces of the United States in time of war declared by Congress or during any period covered by a report from the President to the Congress under the War Powers Resolution (87 Stat. 855) [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.]) may conduct any special activity unless the President determines that another agency is more likely to achieve a particular objective; (f) Conduct services of common concern for the Intelligence Community as directed by the NSC; (g) Carry out or contract for research, development and procurement of technical systems and devices relating to authorized functions; (h) Protect the security of its installations, activities, information, property, and employees by appropriate means, including such investigations of applicants, employees, contractors, and other persons with similar associations with the CIA as are necessary; and (i) Conduct such administrative and technical support activities within and outside the United States as are necessary to perform the functions described in sections (a) through (h) above, including procurement and essential cover and proprietary arrangements. 1.9 THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE The Secretary of State shall: (a) Overtly collect information relevant to United States foreign policy concerns; (b) Produce and disseminate foreign intelligence relating to United States foreign policy as required for the execution of the Secretary's responsibilities; (c) Disseminate, as appropriate, reports received from United States diplomatic and consular posts; (d) Transmit reporting requirements of the Intelligence Community to the Chiefs of United States Missions abroad; and (e) Support Chiefs of Missions in discharging their statutory responsibilities for direction and coordination of mission activities. 1.10 THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY. The Secretary of the Treasury, with respect to subsections (a), (b), and (c), and the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to subsection (d), shall: (a) Overtly collect foreign financial and monetary information; (b) Participate with the Department of State in the overt collection of general foreign economic information; (c) Produce and disseminate foreign intelligence relating to United States economic policy as required for the execution of the Secretary's responsibilities; and (d) Conduct, through the United States Secret Service, activities to determine the existence and capability of surveillance equipment being used against the President or the Vice President of the United States, the Executive Office of the President, and, as authorized by the Secretary of Homeland Security or the President, other Secret Service protectees and United States officials. No information shall be acquired intentionally through such activities except to protect against such surveillance, and those activities shall be conducted pursuant to procedures agreed upon by the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Attorney General. 1.11 THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE The Secretary of Defense shall: (a) Collect national foreign intelligence and be responsive to collection tasking by the Director of Central Intelligence; (b) Collect, produce and disseminate military and military- related foreign intelligence and counterintelligence as required for execution of the Secretary's responsibilities; (c) Conduct programs and missions necessary to fulfill national, departmental and tactical foreign intelligence requirements; (d) Conduct counterintelligence activities in support of Department of Defense components outside the United States in coordination with the CIA, and within the United States in coordination with the FBI pursuant to procedures agreed upon by the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General; (e) Conduct, as the executive agent of the United States Government, signals intelligence and communications security activities, except as otherwise directed by the NSC; (f) Provide for the timely transmission of critical intelligence, as defined by the Director of Central Intelligence, within the United States Government; (g) Carry out or contract for research, development and procurement of technical systems and devices relating to authorized intelligence functions; (h) Protect the security of Department of Defense installations, activities, property, information, and employees by appropriate means, including such investigations of applicants, employees, contractors, and other persons with similar associations with the Department of Defense as are necessary; (i) Establish and maintain military intelligence relationships and military intelligence exchange programs with selected cooperative foreign defense establishments and international organizations, and ensure that such relationships and programs are in accordance with policies formulated by the Director of Central Intelligence; (j) Direct, operate, control and provide fiscal management for the National Security Agency and for defense and military intelligence and national reconnaissance entities; and (k) Conduct such administrative and technical support activities within and outside the United States as are necessary to perform the functions described in sections (a) through (j) above. 1.12 INTELLIGENCE COMPONENTS UTILIZED BY THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE In carrying out the responsibilities assigned in section 1.11, the Secretary of Defense is authorized to utilize the following: (a) Defense Intelligence Agency, whose responsibilities shall include: (1) Collection, production, or, through tasking and coordination, provision of military and military-related intelligence for the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, other Defense components, and, as appropriate, non-Defense agencies; (2) Collection and provision of military intelligence for national foreign intelligence and counterintelligence products; (3) Coordination of all Department of Defense intelligence collection requirements; (4) Management of the Defense Attache system; and (5) Provision of foreign intelligence and counterintelligence staff support as directed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (b) National Security Agency, whose responsibilities shall include: (1) Establishment and operation of an effective unified organization for signals intelligence activities, except for the delegation of operational control over certain operations that are conducted through other elements of the Intelligence Community. No other department or agency may engage in signals intelligence activities except pursuant to a delegation by the Secretary of Defense; (2) Control of signals intelligence collection and processing activities, including assignment of resources to an appropriate agent for such periods and tasks as required for the direct support of military commanders; (3) Collection of signals intelligence information for national foreign intelligence purposes in accordance with guidance from the Director of Central Intelligence; (4) Processing of signals intelligence data for national foreign intelligence purposes in accordance with guidance from the Director of Central Intelligence; (5) Dissemination of signals intelligence information for national foreign intelligence purposes to authorized elements of the Government, including the military services, in accordance with guidance from the Director of Central Intelligence; (6) Collection, processing and dissemination of signals intelligence information for counterintelligence purposes; (7) Provision of signals intelligence support for the conduct of military operations in accordance with tasking, priorities, and standards of timeliness assigned by the Secretary of Defense. If provision of such support requires use of national collection systems, these systems will be tasked within existing guidance from the Director of Central Intelligence; (8) Executing the responsibilities of the Secretary of Defense as executive agent for the communications security of the United States Government; (9) Conduct of research and development to meet the needs of the United States for signals intelligence and communications security; (10) Protection of the security of its installations, activities, property, information, and employees by appropriate means, including such investigations of applicants, employees, contractors, and other persons with similar associations with the NSA as are necessary; (11) Prescribing, within its field of authorized operations, security regulations covering operating practices, including the transmission, handling and distribution of signals intelligence and communications security material within and among the elements under control of the Director of the NSA, and exercising the necessary supervisory control to ensure compliance with the regulations; (12) Conduct of foreign cryptologic liaison relationships, with liaison for intelligence purposes conducted in accordance with policies formulated by the Director of Central Intelligence; and (13) Conduct of such administrative and technical support activities within and outside the United States as are necessary to perform the functions described in sections (1) through (12) above, including procurement. (c) Offices for the collection of specialized intelligence through reconnaissance programs, whose responsibilities shall include: (1) Carrying out consolidated reconnaissance programs for specialized intelligence; (2) Responding to tasking in accordance with procedures established by the Director of Central Intelligence; and (3) Delegating authority to the various departments and agencies for research, development, procurement, and operation of designated means of collection. (d) The foreign intelligence and counterintelligence elements of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, whose responsibilities shall include: (1) Collection, production and dissemination of military and military-related foreign intelligence and counterintelligence, and information on the foreign aspects of narcotics production and trafficking. When collection is conducted in response to national foreign intelligence requirements, it will be conducted in accordance with guidance from the Director of Central Intelligence. Collection of national foreign intelligence, not otherwise obtainable, outside the United States shall be coordinated with the CIA, and such collection within the United States shall be coordinated with the FBI; (2) Conduct of counterintelligence activities outside the United States in coordination with the CIA, and within the United States in coordination with the FBI; and (3) Monitoring of the development, procurement and management of tactical intelligence systems and equipment and conducting related research, development, and test and evaluation activities. (e) Other offices within the Department of Defense appropriate for conduct of the intelligence missions and responsibilities assigned to the Secretary of Defense. If such other offices are used for intelligence purposes, the provisions of Part 2 of this Order shall apply to those offices when used for those purposes. 1.13 THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY The Secretary of Energy shall: (a) Participate with the Department of State in overtly collecting information with respect to foreign energy matters; (b) Produce and disseminate foreign intelligence necessary for the Secretary's responsibilities; (c) Participate in formulating intelligence collection and analysis requirements where the special expert capability of the Department can contribute; and (d) Provide expert technical, analytical and research capability to other agencies within the Intelligence Community. 1.14 THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Under the supervision of the Attorney General and pursuant to such regulations as the Attorney General may establish, the Director of the FBI shall: (a) Within the United States conduct counterintelligence and coordinate counterintelligence activities of other agencies within the Intelligence Community. When a counterintelligence activity of the FBI involves military or civilian personnel of the Department of Defense, the FBI shall coordinate with the Department of Defense; (b) Conduct counterintelligence activities outside the United States in coordination with the CIA as required by procedures agreed upon by the Director of Central Intelligence and the Attorney General; (c) Conduct within the United States, when requested by officials of the Intelligence Community designated by the President, activities undertaken to collect foreign intelligence or support foreign intelligence collection requirements of other agencies within the Intelligence Community, or, when requested by the Director of the National Security Agency, to support the communications security activities of the United States Government; (d) Produce and disseminate foreign intelligence and counterintelligence; and (e) Carry out or contract for research, development and procurement of technical systems and devices relating to the functions authorized above. PART 2 - CONDUCT OF INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES 2.1 NEED Accurate and timely information about the capabilities, intentions and activities of foreign powers, organizations, or persons and their agents is essential to informed decisionmaking in the areas of national defense and foreign relations. Collection of such information is a priority objective and will be pursued in a vigorous, innovative and responsible manner that is consistent with the Constitution and applicable law and respectful of the principles upon which the United States was founded. 2.2 PURPOSE This Order is intended to enhance human and technical collection techniques, especially those undertaken abroad, and the acquisition of significant foreign intelligence, as well as the detection and countering of international terrorist activities and espionage conducted by foreign powers. Set forth below are certain general principles that, in addition to and consistent with applicable laws, are intended to achieve the proper balance between the acquisition of essential information and protection of individual interests. Nothing in this Order shall be construed to apply to or interfere with any authorized civil or criminal law enforcement responsibility of any department or agency. 2.3 COLLECTION OF INFORMATION Agencies within the Intelligence Community are authorized to collect, retain or disseminate information concerning United States persons only in accordance with procedures established by the head of the agency concerned and approved by the Attorney General, consistent with the authorities provided by Part 1 of this Order. Those procedures shall permit collection, retention and dissemination of the following types of information: (a) Information that is publicly available or collected with the consent of the person concerned; (b) Information constituting foreign intelligence or counterintelligence, including such information concerning corporations or other commercial organizations. Collection within the United States of foreign intelligence not otherwise obtainable shall be undertaken by the FBI or, when significant foreign intelligence is sought, by other authorized agencies of the Intelligence Community, provided that no foreign intelligence collection by such agencies may be undertaken for the purpose of acquiring information concerning the domestic activities of United States persons; (c) Information obtained in the course of a lawful foreign intelligence, counterintelligence, international narcotics or international terrorism investigation; (d) Information needed to protect the safety of any persons or organizations, including those who are targets, victims or hostages of international terrorist organizations; (e) Information needed to protect foreign intelligence or counterintelligence sources or methods from unauthorized disclosure. Collection within the United States shall be undertaken by the FBI except that other agencies of the Intelligence Community may also collect such information concerning present or former employees, present or former intelligence agency contractors or their present or former employees, or applicants for any such employment or contracting; (f) Information concerning persons who are reasonably believed to be potential sources or contacts for the purpose of determining their suitability or credibility; (g) Information arising out of a lawful personnel, physical or communications security investigation; (h) Information acquired by overhead reconnaissance not directed at specific United States persons; (i) Incidentally obtained information that may indicate involvement in activities that may violate federal, state, local or foreign laws; and (j) Information necessary for administrative purposes. In addition, agencies within the Intelligence Community may disseminate information, other than information derived from signals intelligence, to each appropriate agency within the Intelligence Community for purposes of allowing the recipient agency to determine whether the information is relevant to its responsibilities and can be retained by it. 2.4 COLLECTION TECHNIQUES Agencies within the Intelligence Community shall use the least intrusive collection techniques feasible within the United States or directed against United States persons abroad. Agencies are not authorized to use such techniques as electronic surveillance, unconsented physical search, mail surveillance, physical surveillance, or monitoring devices unless they are in accordance with procedures established by the head of the agency concerned and approved by the Attorney General. Such procedures shall protect constitutional and other legal rights and limit use of such information to lawful governmental purposes. These procedures shall not authorize: (a) The CIA to engage in electronic surveillance within the United States except for the purpose of training, testing, or conducting countermeasures to hostile electronic surveillance; (b) Unconsented physical searches in the United States by agencies other than the FBI, except for: (1) Searches by counterintelligence elements of the military services directed against military personnel within the United States or abroad for intelligence purposes, when authorized by a military commander empowered to approve physical searches for law enforcement purposes, based upon a finding of probable cause to believe that such persons are acting as agents of foreign powers; and (2) Searches by CIA of personal property of non-United States persons lawfully in its possession. (c) Physical surveillance of a United States person in the United States by agencies other than the FBI, except for: (1) Physical surveillance of present or former employees, present or former intelligence agency contractors or their present or former employees, or applicants for any such employment or contracting; and (2) Physical surveillance of a military person employed by a nonintelligence element of a military service. (d) Physical surveillance of a United States person abroad to collect foreign intelligence, except to obtain significant information that cannot reasonably be acquired by other means. 2.5 ATTORNEY GENERAL APPROVAL The Attorney General hereby is delegated the power to approve the use for intelligence purposes, within the United States or against a United States person abroad, of any technique for which a warrant would be required if undertaken for law enforcement purposes, provided that such techniques shall not be undertaken unless the Attorney General has determined in each case that there is probable cause to believe that the technique is directed against a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power. Electronic surveillance, as defined in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 [50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.], shall be conducted in accordance with that Act, as well as this Order. 2.6 ASSISTANCE TO LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES Agencies within the Intelligence Community are authorized to: (a) Cooperate with appropriate law enforcement agencies for the purpose of protecting the employees, information, property and facilities of any agency within the Intelligence Community; (b) Unless otherwise precluded by law or this Order, participate in law enforcement activities to investigate or prevent clandestine intelligence activities by foreign powers, or international terrorist or narcotics activities; (c) Provide specialized equipment, technical knowledge, or assistance of expert personnel for use by any department or agency, or, when lives are endangered, to support local law enforcement agencies. Provision of assistance by expert personnel shall be approved in each case by the General Counsel of the providing agency; and (d) Render any other assistance and cooperation to law enforcement authorities not precluded by applicable law. 2.7 CONTRACTING Agencies within the Intelligence Community are authorized to enter into contracts or arrangements for the provision of goods or services with private companies or institutions in the United States and need not reveal the sponsorship of such contracts or arrangements for authorized intelligence purposes. Contracts or arrangements with academic institutions may be undertaken only with the consent of appropriate officials of the institution. 2.8 CONSISTENCY WITH OTHER LAWS Nothing in this Order shall be construed to authorize any activity in violation of the Constitution or statutes of the United States. 2.9 UNDISCLOSED PARTICIPATION IN ORGANIZATIONS WITHIN THE UNITED STATES No one acting on behalf of agencies within the Intelligence Community may join or otherwise participate in any organization in the United States on behalf of any agency within the Intelligence Community without disclosing his intelligence affiliation to appropriate officials of the organization, except in accordance with procedures established by the head of the agency concerned and approved by the Attorney General. Such participation shall be authorized only if it is essential to achieving lawful purposes as determined by the agency head or designee. No such participation may be undertaken for the purpose of influencing the activity of the organization or its members except in cases where: (a) The participation is undertaken on behalf of the FBI in the course of a lawful investigation; or (b) The organization concerned is composed primarily of individuals who are not United States persons and is reasonably believed to be acting on behalf of a foreign power. 2.10 HUMAN EXPERIMENTATION No agency within the Intelligence Community shall sponsor, contract for or conduct research on human subjects except in accordance with guidelines issued by the Department of Health and Human Services. The subject's informed consent shall be documented as required by those guidelines. 2.11 PROHIBITION ON ASSASSINATION No person employed by or acting on behalf of the United States Government shall engage in, or conspire to engage in, assassination. 2.12 INDIRECT PARTICIPATION No agency of the Intelligence Community shall participate in or request any person to undertake activities forbidden by this Order. PART 3 - GENERAL PROVISIONS 3.1 CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT The duties and responsibilities of the Director of Central Intelligence and the heads of other departments, agencies, and entities engaged in intelligence activities to cooperate with the Congress in the conduct of its responsibilities for oversight of intelligence activities shall be implemented in accordance with applicable law, including title V of the Act [50 U.S.C. 413 et seq.]. The requirements of applicable law, including title V of the Act, shall apply to all special activities as defined in this Order. 3.2 IMPLEMENTATION The NSC, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, and the Director of Central Intelligence shall issue such appropriate directives and procedures as are necessary to implement this Order. Heads of agencies within the Intelligence Community shall issue appropriate supplementary directives and procedures consistent with this Order. The Attorney General shall provide a statement of reasons for not approving any procedures established by the head of an agency in the Intelligence Community other than the FBI. The National Security Council may establish procedures in instances where the agency head and the Attorney General are unable to reach agreement on other than constitutional or other legal grounds. 3.3 PROCEDURES Until the procedures required by this Order have been established, the activities herein authorized which require procedures shall be conducted in accordance with existing procedures or requirements established under Executive Order No. 12036 [formerly set out above]. Procedures required by this Order shall be established as expeditiously as possible. All procedures promulgated pursuant to this Order shall be made available to the congressional intelligence committees. 3.4 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Order, the following terms shall have these meanings: (a) Counterintelligence means information gathered and activities conducted to protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons, or international terrorist activities, but not including personnel, physical, document or communications security programs. (b) Electronic surveillance means acquisition of a nonpublic communication by electronic means without the consent of a person who is a party to an electronic communication or, in the case of a nonelectronic communication, without the consent of a person who is visibly present at the place of communication, but not including the use of radio direction-finding equipment solely to determine the location of a transmitter. (c) Employee means a person employed by, assigned to or acting for an agency within the Intelligence Community. (d) Foreign intelligence means information relating to the capabilities, intentions and activities of foreign powers, organizations or persons, but not including counterintelligence except for information on international terrorist activities. (e) Intelligence activities means all activities that agencies within the Intelligence Community are authorized to conduct pursuant to this Order. (f) Intelligence Community and agencies within the Intelligence Community, or organizations within the Intelligence Community refer to the following agencies or organizations: (1) The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); (2) The National Security Agency (NSA); (3) The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA); (4) The offices within the Department of Defense for the collection of specialized national foreign intelligence through reconnaissance programs; (5) The Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State; (6) The intelligence elements of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Department of the Treasury, and the Department of Energy; (7) The staff elements of the Director of Central Intelligence; (8) The intelligence elements of the Coast Guard and those elements of the Department of Homeland Security that are supervised by the Department's Under Secretary for Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection through the Department's Assistant Secretary for Information Analysis, with the exception of those functions that involve no analysis of foreign intelligence information; and (9) National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency[.] (g) The National Foreign Intelligence Program includes the programs listed below, but its composition shall be subject to review by the National Security Council and modification by the President: (1) The programs of the CIA; (2) The Consolidated Cryptologic Program, the General Defense Intelligence Program, and the programs of the offices within the Department of Defense for the collection of specialized national foreign intelligence through reconnaissance, except such elements as the Director of Central Intelligence and the Secretary of Defense agree should be excluded; (3) Other programs of agencies within the Intelligence Community designated jointly by the Director of Central Intelligence and the head of the department or by the President as national foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities; (4) Activities of the staff elements of the Director of Central Intelligence; (5) Activities to acquire the intelligence required for the planning and conduct of tactical operations by the United States military forces are not included in the National Foreign Intelligence Program. (h) Special activities means activities conducted in support of national foreign policy objectives abroad which are planned and executed so that the role of the United States Government is not apparent or acknowledged publicly, and functions in support of such activities, but which are not intended to influence United States political processes, public opinion, policies, or media and do not include diplomatic activities or the collection and production of intelligence or related support functions. (i) United States person means a United States citizen, an alien known by the intelligence agency concerned to be a permanent resident alien, an unincorporated association substantially composed of United States citizens or permanent resident aliens, or a corporation incorporated in the United States, except for a corporation directed and controlled by a foreign government or governments. 3.5 PURPOSE AND EFFECT This Order is intended to control and provide direction and guidance to the Intelligence Community. Nothing contained herein or in any procedures promulgated hereunder is intended to confer any substantive or procedural right or privilege on any person or organization. 3.6 REVOCATION Executive Order No. 12036 of January 24, 1978, as amended, entitled "United States Intelligence Activities," is revoked. [For provisions relating to consideration of Commandant and Assistant Commandant for Intelligence of the Coast Guard as a "Senior Official of the Intelligence Community" for purposes of Ex. Ord. No. 12333, set out above, and all other relevant authorities, see Ex. Ord. No. 13286, Sec. 87, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10632, set out as a note under section 111 of Title 6, Domestic Security.] -EXEC- EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 12334 Ex. Ord. No. 12334, Dec. 4, 1981, 46 F.R. 59955, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12701, Feb. 14, 1990, 55 F.R. 5953, which established the President's Intelligence Oversight Board, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12863, Sec. 3.3, Sept. 13, 1993, 58 F.R. 48441, set out below. EX. ORD. NO. 12863. PRESIDENT'S FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE ADVISORY BOARD Ex. Ord. No. 12863, Sept. 13, 1993, 58 F.R. 48441, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13070, Dec. 15, 1997, 62 F.R. 66493; Ex. Ord. No. 13301, May 14, 2003, 68 F.R. 26981; Ex. Ord. No. 13376, Apr. 13, 2005, 70 F.R. 20261, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to enhance the security of the United States by improving the quality and effectiveness of intelligence available to the United States, and to assure the legality of activities of the Intelligence Community, it is ordered as follows: -MISC4- PART I. ASSESSMENT OF INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES Section 1.1. There is hereby established within the White House Office, Executive Office of the President, the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB). The PFIAB shall consist of not more than 16 members, who shall serve at the pleasure of the President and shall be appointed by the President from among trustworthy and distinguished citizens outside the Government who are qualified on the basis of achievement, experience and independence. The President shall establish the terms of the members upon their appointment. To the extent practicable, one- third of the PFIAB at any one time shall be comprised of members whose term of service does not exceed 2 years. The President shall designate a Chairman and Vice Chairman from among the members. The PFIAB shall utilize full-time staff and consultants as authorized by the President. Such staff shall be headed by an Executive Director, appointed by the President. Sec. 1.2. The PFIAB shall assess the quality, quantity, and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, and of counterintelligence and other intelligence activities. The PFIAB shall have the authority to review continually the performance of all agencies of the Federal Government that are engaged in the collection, evaluation, or production of intelligence or the execution of intelligence policy. The PFIAB shall further be authorized to assess the adequacy of management, personnel and organization in the intelligence agencies. The heads of departments and agencies of the Federal Government, to the extent permitted by law, shall provide the PFIAB with access to all information that the PFIAB deems necessary to carry out its responsibilities. Sec. 1.3. The PFIAB shall report directly to the President and advise him concerning the objectives, conduct, management and coordination of the various activities of the agencies of the Intelligence Community. The PFIAB shall report periodically, but at least semiannually, concerning its findings and appraisals and shall make appropriate recommendations for the improvement and enhancement of the intelligence efforts of the United States. Sec. 1.4. The PFIAB shall consider and recommend appropriate action with respect to matters, identified to the PFIAB by the Director of National Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, or other Government agencies engaged in intelligence or related activities, in which the advice of the PFIAB will further the effectiveness of the national intelligence effort. With respect to matters deemed appropriate by the President, the PFIAB shall advise and make recommendations to the Director of National Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, and other Government agencies engaged in intelligence and related activities, concerning ways to achieve increased effectiveness in meeting national intelligence needs. PART II. OVERSIGHT OF INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES Sec. 2.1. The Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB) is hereby established as a standing committee of the PFIAB. The IOB shall consist of no more than five members designated by the President from among the membership of the PFIAB. The Chairman of the PFIAB may also serve as the Chairman or a member of the IOB if so designated by the President. The IOB shall utilize such full-time staff and consultants as authorized by the Chairman of the IOB with the concurrence of the Chairman of the PFIAB. Sec. 2.2. The IOB shall: (a) prepare for the President reports of intelligence activities that the IOB believes may be unlawful or contrary to Executive order or Presidential directive; (b) forward to the Attorney General reports received concerning intelligence activities that the IOB believes may be unlawful or contrary to Executive order or Presidential directive; (c) review the internal guidelines of each agency within the Intelligence Community that concern the lawfulness of intelligence activities; (d) review the practices and procedures of the Inspectors General and General Counsel of the Intelligence Community for discovering and reporting intelligence activities that may be unlawful or contrary to Executive order or Presidential directive; and (e) conduct such investigations as the IOB deems necessary to carry out its functions under this order. Sec. 2.3. The IOB shall report to the President. The IOB shall consider and take appropriate action with respect to matters identified by the Director of National Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency or other agencies of the Intelligence Community. With respect to matters deemed appropriate by the President, the IOB shall advise and make appropriate recommendations to the Director of National Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency and other agencies of the Intelligence Community. Sec. 2.4. The heads of departments and agencies of the Intelligence Community, to the extent permitted by law, shall provide the IOB with all information that the IOB deems necessary to carry out its responsibilities. Inspectors General and General Counsel of the Intelligence Community, to the extent permitted by law, shall report to the IOB, at least on a quarterly basis and from time to time as necessary or appropriate, concerning intelligence activities that they have reason to believe may be unlawful or contrary to Executive order or Presidential directive. PART III. GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 3.1. Information made available to the PFIAB, or members of the PFIAB acting in their IOB capacity, shall be given all necessary security protection in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Each member of the PFIAB, each member of the PFIAB's staff and each of the PFIAB's consultants shall execute an agreement never to reveal any classified information obtained by virtue of his or her services with the PFIAB except to the President or to such persons as the President may designate. Sec. 3.2. Members of the PFIAB shall serve without compensation but may receive transportation expenses and per diem allowance as authorized by law. Staff and consultants to the PFIAB shall receive pay and allowances as authorized by the President. Sec. 3.3. Executive Order No. 12334 of December 4, 1981, as amended, and Executive Order No. 12537 of October 28, 1985, as amended [50 U.S.C. 403 note], are revoked. Sec. 3.4. This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch of the Federal Government, and is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity, against the United States, its departments, agencies, or other entities, its officers or employees, or any other person. -EXEC- EX. ORD. NO. 13434. NATIONAL SECURITY PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Ex. Ord. No. 13434, May 17, 2007, 72 F.R. 28583, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to enhance the national security, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. Policy. In order to enhance the national security of the United States, including preventing, protecting against, responding to, and recovering from natural and manmade disasters, such as acts of terrorism, it is the policy of the United States to promote the education, training, and experience of current and future professionals in national security positions (security professionals) in executive departments and agencies (agencies). Sec. 2. National Strategy for Professional Development. Not later than 60 days after the date of this order, the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism (APHS/CT), in coordination with the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (APNSA), shall submit to the President for approval a National Strategy for the Development of Security Professionals (National Strategy). The National Strategy shall set forth a framework that will provide to security professionals access to integrated education, training, and professional experience opportunities for the purpose of enhancing their mission- related knowledge, skills, and experience and thereby improve their capability to safeguard the security of the Nation. Such opportunities shall be provided across organizations, levels of government, and incident management disciplines, as appropriate. Sec. 3. Executive Steering Committee. (a) There is established the Security Professional Development Executive Steering Committee (Steering Committee), which shall facilitate the implementation of the National Strategy. Not later than 120 days after the approval of the National Strategy by the President, the Steering Committee shall submit to the APHS/CT and the APNSA an implementation plan (plan) for the National Strategy, and annually thereafter shall submit to the APHS/CT and the APNSA a status report on the implementation of the plan and any recommendations for changes to the National Strategy. (b) The Steering Committee shall consist exclusively of the following members (or their designees who shall be full-time officers or employees of the members' respective agencies): (i) the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, who shall serve as Chair; (ii) the Secretary of State; (iii) the Secretary of the Treasury; (iv) the Secretary of Defense; (v) the Attorney General; (vi) the Secretary of Agriculture; (vii) the Secretary of Labor; (viii) the Secretary of Health and Human Services; (ix) the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development; (x) the Secretary of Transportation; (xi) the Secretary of Energy; (xii) the Secretary of Education; (xiii) the Secretary of Homeland Security; (xiv) the Director of National Intelligence; (xv) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget; and (xvi) such other officers of the United States as the Chair of the Steering Committee may designate from time to time. (c) The Steering Committee shall coordinate, to the maximum extent practicable, national security professional development programs and guidance issued by the heads of agencies in order to ensure an integrated approach to such programs. (d) The Chair of the Steering Committee shall convene and preside at the meetings of the Steering Committee, set its agenda, coordinate its work, and, as appropriate to deal with particular subject matters, establish subcommittees of the Steering Committee that shall consist exclusively of members of the Steering Committee (or their designees under subsection (b) of this section), and such other full-time or permanent part-time officers or employees of the Federal Government as the Chair may designate. Sec. 4. Responsibilities. The head of each agency with national security functions shall: (a) identify and enhance existing national security professional development programs and infrastructure, and establish new programs as necessary, in order to fulfill their respective missions to educate, train, and employ security professionals consistent with the National Strategy and, to the maximum extent practicable, the plan and related guidance from the Steering Committee; and (b) cooperate with the Steering Committee and provide such information, support, and assistance as the Chair of the Steering Committee may request from time to time. Sec. 5. Additional Responsibilities. (a) Except for employees excluded by law, and subject to subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this section, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, after consultation with the Steering Committee, shall: (i) consistent with applicable merit-based hiring and advancement principles, lead the establishment of a national security professional development program in accordance with the National Strategy and the plan that provides for interagency and in