CHAPTER 44—CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION

        

SUBCHAPTER I—CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION ASSISTANCE TO THE STATES

Part A—Allotment and Allocation

        

Part B—State Provisions

        

Part C—Local Provisions

        

SUBCHAPTER II—GENERAL PROVISIONS

Part A—Federal Administrative Provisions

        

Part B—State Administrative Provisions

        

Editorial Notes

Codification

The Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006, comprising this chapter, was originally enacted as part A of Pub. L. 88–210, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 403, known as the Vocational Education Act of 1963, and classified to sections 35 to 35n of this title. Part A of Pub. L. 88–210 was subsequently redesignated as title I and amended generally by Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064, further amended by Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 121; Pub. L. 92–318, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 235; Pub. L. 93–380, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 484; Pub. L. 93–567, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1845; Pub. L. 94–135, Nov. 28, 1975, 89 Stat. 713; Pub. L. 94–273, Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 375, and reclassified to chapter 32 (§§1241–1393f) of this title. Title I of Pub. L. 88–210 was subsequently amended generally by Pub. L. 94–482, title II, §202(a), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2169, and reclassified to this chapter. Pub. L. 88–210 was subsequently amended by Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2435, by striking out all after the enacting clause and inserting in lieu thereof titles I to V (§§1–521), to be cited as the Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act, and further amended by Pub. L. 99–159, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 887; Pub. L. 99–357, July 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 761; Pub. L. 100–202, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329; Pub. L. 100–297, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 130; Pub. L. 100–418, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1107. Pub. L. 88–210 was subsequently extensively amended by Pub. L. 101–392, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 753, including an amendment to provide that the Act be cited as the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act, and was further amended by Pub. L. 101–476, Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1103; Pub. L. 102–103, Aug. 17, 1991, 105 Stat. 497; Pub. L. 102–367, Sept. 7, 1992, 106 Stat. 1021; Pub. L. 103–208, Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2457; Pub. L. 103–227, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 125; Pub. L. 103–239, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 568; Pub. L. 103–382, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3518; Pub. L. 104–66, Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 104–193, Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2105; Pub. L. 105–244, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1581. Pub. L. 88–210 was subsequently amended generally by Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3076, including an amendment to provide that the Act be cited as the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998, and was further amended by Pub. L. 106–246, July 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 511; Pub. L. 106–554, Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763; Pub. L. 107–20, July 24, 2001, 115 Stat. 155; Pub. L. 107–110, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1425. Pub. L. 88–210 was subsequently amended generally by Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 683, including an amendment to provide that the Act be cited as the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006. Pub. L. 88–210 is shown herein, however, as having been added by Pub. L. 109–270 without reference to the intervening amendments listed above because of the extensive revision of Pub. L. 88–210 by Pub. L. 109–270.

§2301. Purpose

The purpose of this chapter is to develop more fully the academic knowledge and technical and employability skills of secondary education students and postsecondary education students who elect to enroll in career and technical education programs and programs of study, by—

(1) building on the efforts of States and localities to develop challenging academic and technical standards and to assist students in meeting such standards, including preparation for high skill, high wage, or in-demand occupations in current or emerging professions;

(2) promoting the development of services and activities that integrate rigorous and challenging academic and career and technical instruction, and that link secondary education and postsecondary education for participating career and technical education students;

(3) increasing State and local flexibility in providing services and activities designed to develop, implement, and improve career and technical education;

(4) conducting and disseminating national research and disseminating information on best practices that improve career and technical education programs and programs of study, services, and activities;

(5) providing technical assistance that—

(A) promotes leadership, initial preparation, and professional development at the State and local levels; and

(B) improves the quality of career and technical education teachers, faculty, administrators, and counselors;

(6) supporting partnerships among secondary schools, postsecondary institutions, baccalaureate degree granting institutions, area career and technical education schools, local workforce investment boards, business and industry, and intermediaries;

(7) providing individuals with opportunities throughout their lifetimes to develop, in conjunction with other education and training programs, the knowledge and skills needed to keep the United States competitive; and

(8) increasing the employment opportunities for populations who are chronically unemployed or underemployed, including individuals with disabilities, individuals from economically disadvantaged families, out-of-workforce individuals, youth who are in, or have aged out of, the foster care system, and homeless individuals.

(Pub. L. 88–210, §2, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 684; amended Pub. L. 115–224, §6, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1565.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2301, Pub. L. 88–210, §2, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3077, stated purpose of this chapter, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2301, Pub. L. 88–210, §2, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2437; amended Pub. L. 101–392, §2, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 756, stated purpose of this chapter, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–224, §6(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "academic knowledge and technical and employability skills" for "academic and career and technical skills" and inserted "and programs of study" after "technical education programs".

Par. (1). Pub. L. 115–224, §6(2), substituted "in-demand occupations" for "high demand occupations".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 115–224, §6(3), struck out ", including tech prep education" after "technical education".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 115–224, §6(4), inserted "and programs of study" after "technical education programs".

Par. (8). Pub. L. 115–224, §6(5)–(7), added par. (8).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–224, §4, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1564, provided that: "This Act [see Short Title of 2018 Amendment note below], and the amendments made by this Act, shall take effect beginning on July 1, 2019."

Short Title of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–224, §1, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1563, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 2399 of this title, amending numerous sections throughout this chapter, sections 6311, 7425, and 7544 of this title, and sections 49l–2 and 3174 of Title 29 Labor, repealing subchapter II of this chapter, and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act'."

Short Title of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–270, §1(a), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 683, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006'."

Short Title of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–332, §1(a), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3076, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Amendments of 1998'."

Short Title of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–392, §1(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 753, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act Amendments of 1990'."

Short Title of 1968 Amendment

Pub. L. 90–576, §1, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 6, 1119c to 1119c–4, 1226, 1241 to 1248, 1261 to 1264, 1281 to 1284, 1301 to 1305, 1321 to 1323, 1341, 1351 to 1355, 1371 to 1374, and 1391 of this title, amending sections 237, 237 note, 238, 239, 240, 241, 403, 421, 422, 423, 423 note, 425, 425 note, 426, 441, 442, 442 note, 443, 444, 462, 464, 481, 482, 482 note, 483, 484, 491, 511, 521, 541, 551, 561, 563, 588, 589, 611, 633, 644, 645, 1202, and 1221 of this title, repealing sections 15i, 15i note, 15j to 15q, 15aa to 15jj, 15aaa to 15ggg, 30, 31 to 33, and 34 of this title and section 1667 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 6, 11, 240, 886, 1202, 1321, and 2301 of this title and section 2809 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare may be cited as the 'Vocational Education Amendments of 1968'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 88–210, §1(a), as added by Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 683, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006'."

Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §201, as added by Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3117, which provided that title II of Pub. L. 88–210, enacting subchapter II of this chapter, could be cited as the "Tech-Prep Education Act", was omitted in the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–210 by Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 683.

Vocational Education Policy

Pub. L. 98–524, §6, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2491, provided that: "It is the sense of the Congress that effective vocational education programs are essential to our future as a free and democratic society; that such programs are best administered by local communities, and community colleges school boards, where the primacy of parental control can be emphasized with a minimum of Federal interference; and that as a means to strengthening vocational education and training programs, nongovernmental alternatives promoting links between public school needs and private sector sources of support should be encouraged and implemented."

§2302. Definitions

Unless otherwise specified, in this chapter:

(1) Administration

The term "administration", when used with respect to an eligible agency or eligible recipient, means activities necessary for the proper and efficient performance of the eligible agency or eligible recipient's duties under this chapter, including the supervision of such activities. Such term does not include curriculum development activities, personnel development, or research activities.

(2) All aspects of an industry

The term "all aspects of an industry" means strong experience in, and comprehensive understanding of, the industry that the individual is preparing to enter.

(3) Area career and technical education school

The term "area career and technical education school" means—

(A) a specialized public secondary school used exclusively or principally for the provision of career and technical education to individuals who are available for study in preparation for entering the labor market;

(B) the department of a public secondary school exclusively or principally used for providing career and technical education in not fewer than 3 different fields that are available to all students, especially in high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand industry sectors or occupations;

(C) a public or nonprofit technical institution or career and technical education school used exclusively or principally for the provision of career and technical education to individuals who have completed or left secondary school and who are available for study in preparation for entering the labor market, if the institution or school admits, as regular students, individuals who have completed secondary school and individuals who have left secondary school; or

(D) the department or division of an institution of higher education, that operates under the policies of the eligible agency and that provides career and technical education in not fewer than 3 different occupational fields leading to immediate employment but not necessarily leading to a baccalaureate degree, if the department or division admits, as regular students, both individuals who have completed secondary school and individuals who have left secondary school.

(4) Articulation agreement

The term "articulation agreement" means a written commitment—

(A) that is agreed upon at the State level or approved annually by the lead administrators of—

(i) a secondary institution and a postsecondary educational institution; or

(ii) a subbaccalaureate degree granting postsecondary educational institution and a baccalaureate degree granting postsecondary educational institution; and

(B) to a program that is—

(i) designed to provide students with a nonduplicative sequence of progressive achievement leading to technical skill proficiency, a credential, a certificate, or a degree; and

(ii) linked through credit transfer agreements between the 2 institutions described in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A) (as the case may be).

(5) Career and technical education

The term "career and technical education" means organized educational activities that—

(A) offer a sequence of courses that—

(i) provides individuals with rigorous academic content and relevant technical knowledge and skills needed to prepare for further education and careers in current or emerging professions, which may include high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand industry sectors or occupations, which shall be, at the secondary level, aligned with the challenging State academic standards adopted by a State under section 6311(b)(1) of this title;

(ii) provides technical skill proficiency or a recognized postsecondary credential, which may include an industry-recognized credential, a certificate, or an associate degree; and

(iii) may include prerequisite courses (other than a remedial course) that meet the requirements of this subparagraph;

(B) include competency-based, work-based, or other applied learning that supports the development of academic knowledge, higher-order reasoning and problem-solving skills, work attitudes, employability skills, technical skills, and occupation-specific skills, and knowledge of all aspects of an industry, including entrepreneurship, of an individual;

(C) to the extent practicable, coordinate between secondary and postsecondary education programs through programs of study, which may include coordination through articulation agreements, early college high school programs, dual or concurrent enrollment program opportunities, or other credit transfer agreements that provide postsecondary credit or advanced standing; and

(D) may include career exploration at the high school level or as early as the middle grades (as such term is defined in section 7801 of this title).

(6) Career and technical student organization

(A) In general

The term "career and technical student organization" means an organization for individuals enrolled in a career and technical education program that engages in career and technical education activities as an integral part of the instructional program.

(B) State and national units

An organization described in subparagraph (A) may have State and national units that aggregate the work and purposes of instruction in career and technical education at the local level.

(7) Career guidance and academic counseling

The term "career guidance and academic counseling" means guidance and counseling that—

(A) provides access for students (and, as appropriate, parents and out-of-school youth) to information regarding career awareness exploration opportunities and planning with respect to an individual's occupational and academic future;

(B) provides information to students (and, as appropriate, parents and out-of-school youth) with respect to career options, financial aid, job training, secondary and postsecondary options (including associate and baccalaureate degree programs), dual or concurrent enrollment programs, work-based learning opportunities, early college high schools, financial literacy, and support services, as appropriate; and

(C) may provide assistance for special populations with respect to direct support services that enable students to persist in and complete career and technical education, programs of study, or career pathways.

(8) Career pathways

The term "career pathways" has the meaning given the term in section 3102 of title 29.

(9) Charter school

The term "charter school" has the meaning given the term in section 7221i of this title.

(10) Cooperative education

The term "cooperative education" means a method of education for individuals who, through written cooperative arrangements between a school and employers, receive instruction, including required rigorous and challenging academic courses and related career and technical education instruction, by alternation of study in school with a job in any occupational field, which alternation—

(A) shall be planned and supervised by the school and employer so that each contributes to the education and employability of the individual; and

(B) may include an arrangement in which work periods and school attendance may be on alternate half days, full days, weeks, or other periods of time in fulfilling the cooperative program.

(11) Credit transfer agreement

The term "credit transfer agreement" means a formal agreement, such as an articulation agreement, among and between secondary and postsecondary education institutions or systems that grant students transcripted postsecondary credit, which may include credit granted to students in dual or concurrent enrollment programs or early college high school, dual credit, articulated credit, and credit granted on the basis of performance on technical or academic assessments.

(12) CTE concentrator

The term "CTE concentrator" means—

(A) at the secondary school level, a student served by an eligible recipient who has completed at least 2 courses in a single career and technical education program or program of study; and

(B) at the postsecondary level, a student enrolled in an eligible recipient who has—

(i) earned at least 12 credits within a career and technical education program or program of study; or

(ii) completed such a program if the program encompasses fewer than 12 credits or the equivalent in total.

(13) CTE participant

The term "CTE participant" means an individual who completes not less than one course in a career and technical education program or program of study of an eligible recipient.

(14) Director

The term "Director" means the Director of the Institute of Education Sciences.

(15) Dual or concurrent enrollment program

The term "dual or concurrent enrollment program" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(16) Early college high school

The term "early college high school" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(17) Educational service agency

The term "educational service agency" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(18) Eligible agency

The term "eligible agency" means a State board designated or created consistent with State law as the sole State agency responsible for the administration of career and technical education in the State or for the supervision of the administration of career and technical education in the State.

(19) Eligible entity

The term "eligible entity" means a consortium that includes the following:

(A) Representatives of not less than 2 of the following categories of entities, 1 of which shall serve as the fiscal agent for the consortium:

(i) A local educational agency or a consortium of such agencies.

(ii) An educational service agency serving secondary school students.

(iii) An area career and technical education school or a consortium of such schools.

(iv) An Indian Tribe, Tribal organization, or Tribal educational agency.

(v) An institution of higher education whose most common degree awarded is an associate degree, or a consortium of such institutions.

(vi) An institution of higher education whose most common degree awarded is a bachelor's or higher degree, or a consortium of such institutions.

(vii) A State educational agency.

(B) One or more business or industry representative partners, which may include representatives of local or regional businesses or industries, including industry or sector partnerships in the local area, local workforce development boards, or labor organizations.

(C) One or more stakeholders, which may include—

(i) parents and students;

(ii) representatives of local agencies serving out-of-school youth, homeless children and youth, and at-risk youth (as defined in section 6472 of this title);

(iii) representatives of Indian tribes and Tribal organizations, where applicable;

(iv) representatives of minority-serving institutions (as described in paragraphs (1) through (7) of section 1067q(a) of this title), where applicable;

(v) representatives of special populations;

(vi) representatives of adult career and technical education providers; or

(vii) other relevant community stakeholders.

(20) Eligible institution

The term "eligible institution" means—

(A) a consortium of 2 or more of the entities described in subparagraphs (B) through (F);

(B) a public or nonprofit private institution of higher education that offers and will use funds provided under this subchapter in support of career and technical education courses that lead to technical skill proficiency or a recognized postsecondary credential, including an industry-recognized credential, a certificate, or an associate degree, except that, for the purpose of section 2352 of this title, the term "recognized postsecondary credential" as used in this subparagraph shall not include a baccalaureate degree;

(C) a local educational agency providing education at the postsecondary level;

(D) an area career and technical education school providing education at the postsecondary level;

(E) an Indian Tribe, Tribal organization, or Tribal education agency that operates a school or may be present in the State;

(F) a postsecondary educational institution controlled by the Bureau of Indian Education or operated by or on behalf of any Indian Tribe that is eligible to contract with the Secretary of the Interior for the administration of programs under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.) or the Act of April 16, 1934 (25 U.S.C. 5342 et seq.);

(G) a tribally controlled college or university; or

(H) an educational service agency.

(21) Eligible recipient

The term "eligible recipient" means—

(A) a local educational agency (including a public charter school that operates as a local educational agency), an area career and technical education school, an educational service agency, an Indian Tribe, Tribal organization, or Tribal educational agency or a consortium, eligible to receive assistance under section 2351 of this title; or

(B) an eligible institution or consortium of eligible institutions eligible to receive assistance under section 2352 of this title.

(22) English learner

The term "English learner" means—

(A) a secondary school student who is an English learner, as defined in section 7801 of this title; or

(B) an adult or an out-of-school youth who has limited ability in speaking, reading, writing, or understanding the English language and—

(i) whose native language is a language other than English; or

(ii) who lives in a family environment or community in which a language other than English is the dominant language.

(23) Evidence-based

The term "evidence-based" has the meaning given the term in section 7801(21)(A) of this title.

(24) Governor

The term "Governor" means the chief executive officer of a State.

(25) High school

The term "high school" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(26) In-demand industry sector or occupation

The term "in-demand industry sector or occupation" has the meaning given the term in section 3102 of title 29.

(27) Indian; Indian Tribe

The terms "Indian" and "Indian Tribe" have the meanings given the terms "Indian" and "Indian tribe", respectively, in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).

(28) Individual with a disability

(A) In general

The term "individual with a disability" means an individual with any disability (as defined in section 12102 of title 42).

(B) Individuals with disabilities

The term "individuals with disabilities" means more than 1 individual with a disability.

(29) Industry or sector partnership

The term "industry or sector partnership" has the meaning given the term in section 3102 of title 29.

(30) Institution of higher education

The term "institution of higher education" has the meaning given the term in section 1001 of this title.

(31) Local educational agency

The term "local educational agency" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(32) Local workforce development board

The term "local workforce development board" means a local workforce development board established under section 3122 of title 29.

(33) Non-traditional fields

The term "non-traditional fields" means occupations or fields of work, such as careers in computer science, technology, and other current and emerging high skill occupations, for which individuals from one gender comprise less than 25 percent of the individuals employed in each such occupation or field of work.

(34) Outlying area

The term "outlying area" means the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Republic of Palau.

(35) Out-of-school youth

The term "out-of-school youth" has the meaning given the term in section 3102 of title 29.

(36) Out-of-workforce individual

The term "out-of-workforce individual" means—

(A) an individual who is a displaced homemaker, as defined in section 3102 of title 29; or

(B) an individual who—

(i)(I) has worked primarily without remuneration to care for a home and family, and for that reason has diminished marketable skills; or

(II) is a parent whose youngest dependent child will become ineligible to receive assistance under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) not later than 2 years after the date on which the parent applies for assistance under such title; and

(ii) is unemployed or underemployed and is experiencing difficulty in obtaining or upgrading employment.

(37) Paraprofessional

The term "paraprofessional" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(38) Pay for success initiative

(A) In general

Subject to subparagraph (B), the term "pay for success initiative" means a performance-based grant, contract, or cooperative agreement awarded by a State or local public entity (such as a local educational agency) to a public or private nonprofit entity—

(i) in which a commitment is made to pay for improved outcomes that result in increased public value and social benefit to students and the public sector, such as improved student outcomes as evidenced by the indicators of performance described in section 2323(b)(2) of this title and direct cost savings or cost avoidance to the public sector; and

(ii) that includes—

(I) a feasibility study on the initiative describing how the proposed intervention is based on evidence of effectiveness;

(II) a rigorous, third-party evaluation that uses experimental or quasi-experimental design or other research methodologies that allow for the strongest possible causal inferences to determine whether the initiative has met its proposed outcomes;

(III) an annual, publicly available report on the progress of the initiative; and

(IV) a requirement that payments are made to the recipient of a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement only when agreed upon outcomes are achieved, except that the entity may make payments to the third party conducting the evaluation described in subclause (II).

(B) Exclusion

The term "pay for success initiative" does not include any initiative that—

(i) reduces the special education or related services that a student would otherwise receive under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.]; or

(ii) otherwise reduces the rights of a student or the obligations of an entity under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.), the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), or any other law.

(39) Postsecondary educational institution

The term "postsecondary educational institution" means—

(A) an institution of higher education that provides not less than a 2-year program of instruction that is acceptable for credit toward a bachelor's degree;

(B) a tribally controlled college or university; or

(C) a nonprofit educational institution offering certificate or other skilled training programs at the postsecondary level.

(40) Professional development

The term "professional development" means activities that—

(A) are an integral part of eligible agency, eligible recipient, institution, or school strategies for providing educators (including teachers, principals, other school leaders, administrators, specialized instructional support personnel, career guidance and academic counselors, and paraprofessionals) with the knowledge and skills necessary to enable students to succeed in career and technical education, to meet challenging State academic standards under section 6311(b)(1) of this title, or to achieve academic skills at the postsecondary level; and

(B) are sustained (not stand-alone, 1-day, or short-term workshops), intensive, collaborative, job-embedded, data-driven, and classroom-focused, to the extent practicable evidence-based, and may include activities that—

(i) improve and increase educators'—

(I) knowledge of the academic and technical subjects;

(II) understanding of how students learn; and

(III) ability to analyze student work and achievement from multiple sources, including how to adjust instructional strategies, assessments, and materials based on such analysis;

(ii) are an integral part of eligible recipients' improvement plans;

(iii) allow personalized plans for each educator to address the educator's specific needs identified in observation or other feedback;

(iv) support the recruitment, hiring, and training of effective educators, including educators who became certified through State and local alternative routes to certification;

(v) advance educator understanding of—

(I) effective instructional strategies that are evidence-based; and

(II) strategies for improving student academic and technical achievement or substantially increasing the knowledge and teaching skills of educators;

(vi) are developed with extensive participation of educators, parents, students, and representatives of Indian Tribes (as applicable), of schools and institutions served under this chapter;

(vii) are designed to give educators of students who are English learners in career and technical education programs or programs of study the knowledge and skills to provide instruction and appropriate language and academic support services to those students, including the appropriate use of curricula and assessments;

(viii) as a whole, are regularly evaluated for their impact on increased educator effectiveness and improved student academic and technical achievement, with the findings of the evaluations used to improve the quality of professional development;

(ix) are designed to give educators of individuals with disabilities in career and technical education programs or programs of study the knowledge and skills to provide instruction and academic support services to those individuals, including positive behavioral interventions and supports, multi-tier system of supports, and use of accommodations;

(x) include instruction in the use of data and assessments to inform and instruct classroom practice;

(xi) include instruction in ways that educators may work more effectively with parents and families;

(xii) provide follow-up training to educators who have participated in activities described in this paragraph that are designed to ensure that the knowledge and skills learned by the educators are implemented in the classroom;

(xiii) promote the integration of academic knowledge and skills and relevant technical knowledge and skills, including programming jointly delivered to academic and career and technical education teachers; or

(xiv) increase the ability of educators providing career and technical education instruction to stay current with industry standards.

(41) Program of study

The term "program of study" means a coordinated, nonduplicative sequence of academic and technical content at the secondary and postsecondary level that—

(A) incorporates challenging State academic standards, including those adopted by a State under section 6311(b)(1) of this title;

(B) addresses both academic and technical knowledge and skills, including employability skills;

(C) is aligned with the needs of industries in the economy of the State, region, Tribal community, or local area;

(D) progresses in specificity (beginning with all aspects of an industry or career cluster and leading to more occupation-specific instruction);

(E) has multiple entry and exit points that incorporate credentialing; and

(F) culminates in the attainment of a recognized postsecondary credential.

(42) Qualified intermediary

The term "qualified intermediary" means a nonprofit entity, which may be part of an industry or sector partnership, that demonstrates expertise in building, connecting, sustaining, and measuring partnerships with entities such as employers, schools, community-based organizations, postsecondary institutions, social service organizations, economic development organizations, Indian tribes or Tribal organizations, and workforce systems to broker services, resources, and supports to youth and the organizations and systems that are designed to serve youth, including—

(A) connecting employers to classrooms;

(B) assisting in the design and implementation of career and technical education programs and programs of study;

(C) delivering professional development;

(D) connecting students to internships and other work-based learning opportunities; and

(E) developing personalized student supports.

(43) Recognized postsecondary credential

The term "recognized postsecondary credential" has the meaning given the term in section 3102 of title 29.

(44) Secondary school

The term "secondary school" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(45) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Education.

(46) Specialized instructional support personnel

The term "specialized instructional support personnel" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(47) Specialized instructional support services

The term "specialized instructional support services" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(48) Special populations

The term "special populations" means—

(A) individuals with disabilities;

(B) individuals from economically disadvantaged families, including low-income youth and adults;

(C) individuals preparing for non-traditional fields;

(D) single parents, including single pregnant women;

(E) out-of-workforce individuals;

(F) English learners;

(G) homeless individuals described in section 11434a of title 42;

(H) youth who are in, or have aged out of, the foster care system; and

(I) youth with a parent who—

(i) is a member of the armed forces (as such term is defined in section 101(a)(4) of title 10); and

(ii) is on active duty (as such term is defined in section 101(d)(1) of such title).

(49) State

The term "State", unless otherwise specified, means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and each outlying area.

(50) Support services

The term "support services" means services related to curriculum modification, equipment modification, classroom modification, supportive personnel (including paraprofessionals and specialized instructional support personnel), and instructional aids and devices.

(51) Tribally controlled college or university

The term "tribally controlled college or university" has the meaning given the term in section 1801(a) of title 25.

(52) Tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution

The term "tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution" means an institution of higher education (as defined in section 1001 of this title, except that subsection (a)(2) of such section shall not be applicable and the reference to Secretary in subsection (a)(5) of such section shall be deemed to refer to the Secretary of the Interior) that—

(A) is formally controlled, or has been formally sanctioned or chartered, by the governing body of an Indian Tribe or Indian Tribes;

(B) offers a technical degree or certificate granting program;

(C) is governed by a board of directors or trustees, a majority of whom are Indians;

(D) demonstrates adherence to stated goals, a philosophy, or a plan of operation, that fosters individual Indian economic and self-sufficiency opportunity, including programs that are appropriate to stated Tribal goals of developing individual entrepreneurships and self-sustaining economic infrastructures on reservations or tribal lands;

(E) has been in operation for at least 3 years;

(F) holds accreditation with or is a candidate for accreditation by a nationally recognized accrediting authority for postsecondary career and technical education; and

(G) enrolls the full-time equivalent of not less than 100 students, of whom a majority are Indians.

(53) Tribal organization

The term "Tribal organization" has the meaning given the term "tribal organization" in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).

(54) Universal design for learning

The term "universal design for learning" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(55) Work-based learning

The term "work-based learning" means sustained interactions with industry or community professionals in real workplace settings, to the extent practicable, or simulated environments at an educational institution that foster in-depth, firsthand engagement with the tasks required in a given career field, that are aligned to curriculum and instruction.

(Pub. L. 88–210, §3, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 685; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, §941(k)(2)(D)(i), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3466; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(n)(1), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2168; Pub. L. 115–224, §7, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1565; Pub. L. 116–6, div. H, title II, §201(a), Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 475.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, referred to in par. (20)(F), is Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, which is classified principally to chapter 46 (§5301 et seq.) of Title 25, Indians. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 25 and Tables.

Act of April 16, 1934, referred to in par. (20)(F), is act Apr. 16, 1934, ch. 147, 48 Stat. 596, popularly known as the Johnson-O'Malley Act, which is classified generally to section 5342 et seq. of Title 25, Indians. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 25 and Tables.

The Social Security Act, referred to in par. (36)(B)(i)(II), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Part A of title IV of the Act is classified generally to part A (§601 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in par. (38)(B), is title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 175, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1400 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1400 of this title and Tables.

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, referred to in par. (38)(B)(ii), is Pub. L. 93–112, Sept. 26, 1973, 87 Stat. 355, which is classified generally to chapter 16 (§701 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 701 of Title 29 and Tables.

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in par. (38)(B)(ii), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of Title 42 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2302, Pub. L. 88–210, §3, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3077; amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1076(k), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2091, related to definitions, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2302, Pub. L. 88–210, §3, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2437; amended Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §§6131(b), 6134(b), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1511, 1512; Pub. L. 101–392, §3, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 756, authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1991 to 1995 to carry out former subchapters I to IV of this chapter, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2019—Par. (20)(B). Pub. L. 116–6 inserted ", except that, for the purpose of section 2352 of this title, the term 'recognized postsecondary credential' as used in this subparagraph shall not include a baccalaureate degree" after "associate degree".

2018—Pub. L. 115–224, §7(1), (2), struck out pars. (10) defining "displaced homemaker", (16) defining "individual with limited English proficiency", (23) defining "postsecondary education tech prep student", (24) defining "school dropout", (25) defining "scientifically based research", (26) defining "secondary education tech prep student", and (32) defining "tech prep program" and redesignated other pars. throughout section to accommodate pars. repealed and added by Pub. L. 115–224 so as to maintain alphabetical order of defined terms.

Par. (2). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(3), struck out ", including information as described in section 2328 of this title" before period at end.

Par. (3)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(4)(A), substituted "3 different fields that are available to all students, especially in high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand industry sectors or occupations" for "5 different occupational fields to individuals who are available for study in preparation for entering the labor market".

Par. (3)(D). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(4)(B), substituted "not fewer than 3 different occupational fields" for "not fewer than 5 different occupational fields".

Par. (5)(A)(i). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(5)(A)(i), amended cl. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (i) read as follows: "provides individuals with coherent and rigorous content aligned with challenging academic standards and relevant technical knowledge and skills needed to prepare for further education and careers in current or emerging professions;".

Par. (5)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(5)(A)(ii), substituted "or a recognized postsecondary credential, which may include an industry-recognized credential, a certificate, or an associate degree" for ", an industry-recognized credential, a certificate, or an associate degree".

Par. (5)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(5)(B), inserted ", work-based, or other" after "competency-based", struck out "general" before "employability skills", and substituted "supports the development of" for "contributes to the" and semicolon for period at end.

Par. (5)(C), (D). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(5)(A)(iii), (C), added subpars. (C) and (D).

Par. (7)(A). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(6)(A), substituted "(and, as appropriate, parents and out-of-school youth)" for "(and parents, as appropriate" and "future;" for "future; and" and inserted "exploration opportunities" after "regarding career awareness".

Par. (7)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(6)(B), substituted "provides information to students (and, as appropriate, parents and out-of-school youth) with respect to career options, financial aid, job training, secondary and postsecondary options (including associate and baccalaureate degree programs), dual or concurrent enrollment programs, work-based learning opportunities, early college high schools, financial literacy, and support services, as appropriate; and" for "provides information with respect to career options, financial aid, and postsecondary options, including baccalaureate degree programs."

Par. (7)(C). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(6)(C), added subpar. (C).

Par. (8). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(7), added par. (8).

Pars. (11) to (16). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(8), added pars. (11) to (16).

Par. (19). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(9), added par. (19).

Par. (20). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(10), amended par. (20) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (20), which had been par. (13), consisted of subpars. (A) to (F) defining "eligible institution".

Par. (21). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(11), inserted "an Indian Tribe, Tribal organization, or Tribal educational agency" after "service agency,".

Pars. (22), (23). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(12), added pars. (22) and (23).

Pars. (25) to (27). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(13), added pars. (25) to (27).

Par. (29). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(14), added par. (29).

Par. (32). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(15), added par. (32).

Par. (33). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(16), substituted "such as careers" for "including careers".

Pars. (35) to (38). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(17), added pars. (35) to (38).

Par. (39)(C). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(18), substituted "other skilled training" for "apprenticeship".

Pars. (40) to (43). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(19), added pars. (40) to (43).

Pars. (46), (47). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(20), added pars. (46) and (47).

Par. (48)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(21)(A), substituted "low-income youth and adults" for "foster children".

Par. (48)(E). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(21)(B), added subpar. (E) and struck out former subpar. (E) which read as follows: "displaced homemakers; and".

Par. (48)(F). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(21)(C), substituted "English learners;" for "individuals with limited English proficiency."

Par. (48)(G) to (I). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(21)(D), added subpars. (G) to (I).

Par. (50). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(22), inserted "(including paraprofessionals and specialized instructional support personnel)" after "supportive personnel".

Par. (52)(A). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(23)(A), substituted "Indian Tribe or Indian Tribes" for "Indian tribe or Indian tribes".

Par. (52)(D). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(23)(B), substituted "Tribal" for "tribal" and inserted "or tribal lands" after "reservations".

Pars. (53) to (55). Pub. L. 115–224, §7(24), added pars. (53) to (55).

2015—Par. (8). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(n)(1)(A), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7221i of this title.

Par. (11). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(n)(1)(B), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7801 of this title.

Par. (19). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(n)(1)(C), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7801 of this title.

Par. (27). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(n)(1)(D), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7801 of this title.

2008—Par. (33). Pub. L. 110–315 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 1801(a) of title 25.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–6, div. H, title II, §201(b), Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 475, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on July 1, 2019, as if included in the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act (Public Law 115–224)."

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

§2303. Transition provisions

The Secretary shall take such steps as are necessary to provide for the orderly transition to the authority of this chapter (as amended by the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act) from any authority under the provisions of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 2006,¹ as in effect on the day before July 31, 2018. The Secretary shall give each eligible agency the opportunity to submit a transition plan for the first fiscal year following July 31, 2018.

(Pub. L. 88–210, §4, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 690; amended Pub. L. 115–224, §8, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1574.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter (as amended by the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act), referred to in text, is this chapter as amended by Pub. L. 115–224, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1563.

The Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 2006, as in effect on the day before July 31, 2018, referred to in text, probably means the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006, which is classified generally to this chapter, as in effect on the day before the enactment of Pub. L. 115–224, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1563, which amended this chapter extensively. A prior version of the Act was named the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998, but no act with the title "Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 2006" has been enacted.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2303, Pub. L. 88–210, §4, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3082, related to transition provisions, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2303, Pub. L. 101–392, §4, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 758; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1041(f), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 715, which related to the Interdepartmental Task Force on Vocational Education and Related Programs, was transferred to section 2308 of this title.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–224, §8(1), substituted "are necessary" for "the Secretary determines to be appropriate".

Pub. L. 115–224, §8(2), substituted "as amended by the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act" for "as amended by the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006" and substituted "July 31, 2018" for "August 12, 2006" in two places.

Pub. L. 115–224, §8(3), substituted "Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 2006" for "Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§2304. Privacy

(a) GEPA

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to supersede the privacy protections afforded parents and students under section 444 of the General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1232g).

(b) Prohibition on development of national database

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to permit the development of a national database of personally identifiable information on individuals receiving services under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 88–210, §5, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 690.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2304, Pub. L. 88–210, §5, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3082, related to privacy, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

§2305. Limitation

All of the funds made available under this chapter shall be used in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 88–210, §6, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 690.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2305, Pub. L. 88–210, §6, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3082, related to limitation on use of funds, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

§2306. Special rule

In the case of a local community in which no employees are represented by a labor organization, for purposes of this chapter, the term "representatives of employees" shall be substituted for "labor organization".

(Pub. L. 88–210, §7, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 690.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2306, Pub. L. 88–210, §7, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3083, related to special rule, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

§2306a. Prohibitions

(a) Local control

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to authorize an officer or employee of the Federal Government—

(1) to condition or incentivize the receipt of any grant, contract, or cooperative agreement, or the receipt of any priority or preference under such grant, contract, or cooperative agreement, upon a State, local educational agency, eligible agency, eligible recipient, eligible entity, or school's adoption or implementation of specific instructional content, academic standards and assessments, curricula, or program of instruction (including any condition, priority, or preference to adopt the Common Core State Standards developed under the Common Core State Standards Initiative, any other academic standards common to a significant number of States, or any assessment, instructional content, or curriculum aligned to such standards);

(2) through grants, contracts, or other cooperative agreements, to mandate, direct, or control a State, local educational agency, eligible agency, eligible recipient, eligible entity, or school's specific instructional content, academic standards and assessments, curricula, or program of instruction (including any requirement, direction, or mandate to adopt the Common Core State Standards developed under the Common Core State Standards Initiative, any other academic standards common to a significant number of States, or any assessment, instructional content, or curriculum aligned to such standards); or

(3) except as required under sections 2322(b), 2391(b), and 2413 of this title—

(A) to mandate, direct, or control the allocation of State or local resources; or

(B) to mandate that a State or a political subdivision of a State spend any funds or incur any costs not paid for under this chapter.

(b) No preclusion of other assistance

Any State that declines to submit an application to the Secretary for assistance under this chapter shall not be precluded from applying for assistance under any other program administered by the Secretary.

(c) Prohibition on requiring Federal approval or certification of standards

Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal law, no State shall be required to have academic and career and technical content standards or student academic and career and technical achievement standards approved or certified by the Federal Government, in order to receive assistance under this chapter.

(d) Rule of construction

Nothing in this section affects the applicability of subchapter II of chapter 5, and chapter 7, of title 5 (commonly known as the "Administrative Procedure Act") or chapter 8 of title 5, commonly ¹ known as the "Congressional Review Act").

(e) Coherent and rigorous content

For the purposes of this chapter, coherent and rigorous content shall be determined by the State consistent with section 6311(b)(1) of this title.

(f) Congressional notice and comment

(1) Notice to Congress

Not less than 15 business days prior to issuing a notice of proposed rulemaking related to this chapter in the Federal Register, the Secretary shall provide to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives, and other relevant congressional committees, notice of the Secretary's intent to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking that shall include—

(A) a copy of the proposed regulation;

(B) the need to issue the regulation;

(C) a description of how the regulation is consistent with the scope of this chapter;

(D) the anticipated burden (including the time, cost, and paperwork burden) the regulation will impose on an eligible agency, institution, or recipient that may be impacted by the regulation, including the potential impact on rural areas;

(E) the anticipated benefits to an eligible agency, institution, or recipient that may be impacted by the regulation, including in rural areas; and

(F) any regulations that will be repealed when the new regulation is issued.

(2) Comment period for Congress

The Secretary shall—

(A) before issuing any notice of proposed rulemaking under this subsection, provide Congress with a comment period of 15 business days to make comments on the proposed regulation, beginning on the date that the Secretary provides the notice of intent to the appropriate committees of Congress under paragraph (1); and

(B) include and seek to address all comments submitted by members of Congress in the public rulemaking record for the regulation published in the Federal Register.

(3) Comment and review period; emergency situations

The comment and review period for any proposed regulation shall be not less than 60 days unless an emergency requires a shorter period, in which case the Secretary shall—

(A) designate the proposed regulation as an emergency with an explanation of the emergency in the notice to Congress under paragraph (1);

(B) publish the length of the comment and review period in such notice and in the Federal Register; and

(C) conduct immediately thereafter regional meetings to review such proposed regulation before issuing any final regulation.

(Pub. L. 88–210, §8, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 690; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(n)(2), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2169; Pub. L. 115–224, §9, title II, §201(b), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1574, 1622.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 8 of Pub. L. 88–210 was classified to section 2307 of this title prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–224, §201(b), which made technical amendment to references in original Act which appeared in text as references to sections 2391(b) and 2413 of this title, could not be executed because of the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 115–224, §9(1), which had already amended those references. See below.

Pub. L. 115–224, §9(1), substituted "Federal Government—" for "Federal Government to mandate, direct, or control a State, local educational agency, or school's curriculum, program of instruction, or allocation of State or local resources, or mandate a State or any subdivision thereof to spend any funds or incur any costs not paid for under this chapter, except as required under sections 2322(b), 2391(b), and 2413 of this title." and added pars. (1) to (3).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–224, §9(2), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the requirements under section 2323 of this title."

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–224, §9(3), added subsec. (f).

2015—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted "section 6311(b)(1) of this title" for "section 6311(b)(1)(D) of this title".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

¹ So in original. Probably should be "title 5 (commonly".

§2307. Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter (other than sections 2324 and 2327 of this title)—

(1) $1,229,568,538 for fiscal year 2019;

(2) $1,246,782,498 for fiscal year 2020;

(3) $1,264,237,452 for fiscal year 2021;

(4) $1,281,936,777 for fiscal year 2022;

(5) $1,299,883,892 for fiscal year 2023; and

(6) $1,318,082,266 for fiscal year 2024.

(Pub. L. 88–210, §9, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 691; amended Pub. L. 115–224, §10, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1576.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2307, Pub. L. 88–210, §8, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3083, related to authorization of appropriations, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–224 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter (other than sections 2324, 2327, and 2328 of this title, and subchapter II) such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2012."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2308. Interdepartmental Task Force on Vocational Education and Related Programs

(a) Establishment

There is established the Interdepartmental Task Force on Vocational Education and Related Programs (in this section referred to as the "Task Force").

(b) Membership

The Task Force shall consist of the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and such other personnel of the Department of Education, the Department of Labor, and the Department of Health and Human Services as the Secretaries consider appropriate.

(c) Duties

The Task Force shall—

(1) examine principal data required for programs under the Adult Education Act, the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act, the Job Training Partnership Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 [29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.], and the Wagner-Peyser Act [29 U.S.C. 49 et seq.];

(2) examine possible common objectives, definitions, measures, and standards for such programs; and

(3) consider integration of research and development conducted with Federal assistance in the area of vocational education and related areas, including areas of emerging technologies.

(Pub. L. 101–392, §4, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 758; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1041(f), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 715.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Adult Education Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), was title III of Pub. L. 89–750, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1216, which was classified generally to chapter 30 (§1201 et seq.) of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §251(a)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1079. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), was Pub. L. 88–210, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 403, which was classified generally to this chapter, prior to being amended generally and renamed the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998 by Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3076, and amended generally and renamed the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 by Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 683. For complete classification of Pub. L. 88–210 to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2301 of this title and Tables.

The Job Training Partnership Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is Pub. L. 97–300, Oct. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1322, which was classified generally to chapter 19 (§1501 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor, and was repealed by Pub. L. 105–220, title I, §199(b)(2), (c)(2)(B), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059, effective July 1, 2000. Pursuant to former section 2940(b) of Title 29, references to a provision of the Job Training Partnership Act, effective Aug. 7, 1998, were deemed to refer to that provision or the corresponding provision of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, Pub. L. 105–220, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 936, and, effective July 1, 2000, were deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998. The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 was repealed by Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §§506, 511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1703, 1705, effective July 1, 2015. Pursuant to section 3361(a) of Title 29, references to a provision of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 are deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425, effective July 1, 2015. For complete classification of the Job Training Partnership Act and the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 to the Code, see Tables. For complete classification of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of Title 29 and Tables.

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is Pub. L. 93–112, Sept. 26, 1973, 87 Stat. 355, which is classified principally to chapter 16 (§701 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 701 of Title 29 and Tables.

The Wagner-Peyser Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is act June 6, 1933, ch. 49, 48 Stat. 113, which is classified principally to chapter 4B (§49 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 49 of Title 29 and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act Amendments of 1990, and not as part of the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 which comprises this chapter.

Section was formerly classified to section 2303 of this title.

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 2311 to 2313 were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2311, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §101, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2438; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §701, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 904; Pub. L. 99–357, July 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 761; Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §101(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 759, related to allotments to States. See section 2321 of this title.

Section 2311a, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §101A, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §101(b), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 760; amended Pub. L. 103–208, §3, Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2487; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §369, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3976, related to grants to the territories. See section 2325 of this title.

Section 2312, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §102, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2440; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §702, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 904; Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §102, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 761; Pub. L. 102–103, title III, §311(a), Aug. 17, 1991, 105 Stat. 505, related to within State allocations. See section 2322 of this title.

Section 2313, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §103, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2440; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §103, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 762; Pub. L. 102–103, title III, §311(b), Aug. 17, 1991, 105 Stat. 505, related to Indian and Hawaiian natives programs.

Amendments

1995—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–66 struck out heading and text of subsec. (d). Text read as follows: "The Task Force shall, every 2 years, submit a report on its findings to the appropriate committees of the Congress."

SUBCHAPTER I—CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION ASSISTANCE TO THE STATES

Part A—Allotment and Allocation

§2321. Reservations and State allotment

(a) Reservations and State allotment

(1) Reservations

From the amount appropriated under section 2307 of this title for each fiscal year, the Secretary shall reserve—

(A) 0.13 percent to carry out section 2325 of this title; and

(B) 1.50 percent to carry out section 2326 of this title, of which—

(i) 1.25 percent of the sum shall be available to carry out section 2326(b) of this title; and

(ii) 0.25 percent of the sum shall be available to carry out section 2326(h) of this title.

(2) Foundational grant

(A) In general

From the remainder of the amount appropriated under section 2307 of this title and not reserved under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall allot to a State for the fiscal year an amount equal to the amount the State received in fiscal year 2018.

(B) Ratable reduction

If for any fiscal year the amount appropriated for allotments under this section is insufficient to satisfy the provisions of subparagraph (A), the payments to all States under such subparagraph shall be ratably reduced.

(3) Additional funds

Subject to paragraph (4), from the additional funds remaining from the amount appropriated under section 2307 of this title and not expended under paragraphs (1) and (2) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall allot to a State for the fiscal year—

(A) an amount that bears the same ratio to 50 percent of the sum being allotted as the product of the population aged 15 to 19, inclusive, in the State in the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made and the State's allotment ratio bears to the sum of the corresponding products for all the States;

(B) an amount that bears the same ratio to 20 percent of the sum being allotted as the product of the population aged 20 to 24, inclusive, in the State in the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made and the State's allotment ratio bears to the sum of the corresponding products for all the States;

(C) an amount that bears the same ratio to 15 percent of the sum being allotted as the product of the population aged 25 to 65, inclusive, in the State in the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made and the State's allotment ratio bears to the sum of the corresponding products for all the States; and

(D) an amount that bears the same ratio to 15 percent of the sum being allotted as the amounts allotted to the State under subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) for such years bears to the sum of the amounts allotted to all the States under subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) for such year.

(4) Minimum allotment for years with additional funds

(A) In general

Subject to subparagraph (B), for a fiscal year for which there are additional funds described in paragraph (3), no State shall receive for such fiscal year under paragraph (3) less than 1/2 of 1 percent of the additional funds available for such fiscal year. Amounts necessary for increasing such payments to States to comply with the preceding sentence shall be obtained by ratably reducing the amounts to be paid to other States.

(B) Special rule

In the case of a qualifying State, the minimum allotment under subparagraph (A) for a fiscal year for the qualifying State shall be the lesser of—

(i) 1/2 of 1 percent of the additional funds available for such fiscal year; and

(ii) the product of—

(I) 1/3 of the additional funds; multiplied by

(II) the quotient of—

(aa) the qualifying State's ratio described in subparagraph (C) for the fiscal year for which the determination is made; divided by

(bb) the sum of all such ratios for all qualifying States for the fiscal year for which the determination is made.

(C) Ratio

For purposes of subparagraph (B)(ii)(II)(aa), the ratio for a qualifying State for a fiscal year shall be 1.00 less the quotient of—

(i) the amount the qualifying State is allotted under paragraph (3) for the fiscal year; divided by

(ii) 1/2 of 1 percent of the amount appropriated under paragraph (3) for the fiscal year for which the determination is made.

(D) Definitions

In this paragraph, the term "qualifying State" means a State (except the United States Virgin Islands) that, for the fiscal year for which a determination under this paragraph is made, would receive, under the allotment formula under paragraph (3) (without the application of this paragraph), an amount that would be less than the amount the State would receive under subparagraph (A) for such fiscal year.

(b) Reallotment

If the Secretary determines that any amount of any State's allotment under subsection (a) for any fiscal year will not be required for such fiscal year for carrying out the activities for which such amount has been allotted, the Secretary shall make such amount available for reallotment. Any such reallotment among other States shall occur on such dates during the same year as the Secretary shall fix, and shall be made on the basis of criteria established by regulation. No funds may be reallotted for any use other than the use for which the funds were appropriated. Any amount reallotted to a State under this subsection for any fiscal year shall remain available for obligation during the succeeding fiscal year and shall be deemed to be part of the State's allotment for the year in which the amount is obligated.

(c) Allotment ratio

(1) In general

The allotment ratio for any State shall be 1.00 less the product of—

(A) 0.50; and

(B) the quotient obtained by dividing the per capita income for the State by the per capita income for all the States (exclusive of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands), except that—

(i) the allotment ratio in no case shall be more than 0.60 or less than 0.40; and

(ii) the allotment ratio for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands shall be 0.60.

(2) Promulgation

The allotment ratios shall be promulgated by the Secretary for each fiscal year between October 1 and December 31 of the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made. Allotment ratios shall be computed on the basis of the average of the appropriate per capita incomes for the 3 most recent consecutive fiscal years for which satisfactory data are available.

(3) Definition of per capita income

For the purpose of this section, the term "per capita income" means, with respect to a fiscal year, the total personal income in the calendar year ending in such year, divided by the population of the area concerned in such year.

(4) Population determination

For the purposes of this section, population shall be determined by the Secretary on the basis of the latest estimates available to the Department of Education.

(d) Definition of State

For the purpose of this section, the term "State" means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §111, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 691; amended Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §110, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1576.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2321, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §111, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3083; amended Pub. L. 106–246, div. B, title II, §2403(b), July 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 555, related to reservations and State allotment, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2321, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §111, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2441; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §111, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 763; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §391(s)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4024, related to State administration, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–224 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to reservations and State allotment, reallotment, and allotment ratios.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2322. Within State allocation

(a) In general

From the amount allotted to each State under section 2321 of this title for a fiscal year, the eligible agency shall make available—

(1) not less than 85 percent for distribution under section 2351 or 2352 of this title, of which not more than 15 percent of the 85 percent may be used in accordance with subsection (c);

(2) not more than 10 percent to carry out State leadership activities described in section 2344 of this title, of which—

(A) an amount equal to not more than 2 percent of the amount allotted to the State under section 2321 of this title for the fiscal year shall be made available to serve individuals in State institutions, such as State correctional institutions, juvenile justice facilities, and educational institutions that serve individuals with disabilities;

(B) not less than $60,000 and not more than $150,000 shall be available for services that prepare individuals for non-traditional fields; and

(C) an amount shall be made available for the recruitment of special populations to enroll in career and technical education programs, which shall be not less than the lesser of—

(i) an amount equal to 0.1 percent; or

(ii) $50,000; and

(3) an amount equal to not more than 5 percent, or $250,000, whichever is greater, for administration of the State plan, which may be used for the costs of—

(A) developing the State plan;

(B) reviewing local applications;

(C) monitoring and evaluating program effectiveness;

(D) assuring compliance with all applicable Federal laws;

(E) providing technical assistance; and

(F) supporting and developing State data systems relevant to the provisions of this chapter.

(b) Matching requirement

Each eligible agency receiving funds made available under subsection (a)(3) shall match, from non-Federal sources and on a dollar-for-dollar basis, the funds received under subsection (a)(3).

(c) Reserve

From amounts made available under subsection (a)(1) to carry out this subsection, an eligible agency may award grants to eligible recipients for career and technical education activities described in section 2355 of this title—

(1) in—

(A) rural areas;

(B) areas with high percentages of CTE concentrators or CTE participants;

(C) areas with high numbers of CTE concentrators or CTE participants; and

(D) areas with disparities or gaps in performance as described in section 2323(b)(3)(C)(ii)(II) of this title; and

(2) in order to—

(A) foster innovation through the identification and promotion of promising and proven career and technical education programs, practices, and strategies, which may include programs, practices, and strategies that prepare individuals for nontraditional fields; or

(B) promote the development, implementation, and adoption of programs of study or career pathways aligned with State-identified high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand occupations or industries.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §112, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 695; amended Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §111, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1579.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2322, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §112, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3086, related to allocations within States, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2322, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §112, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2443; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §703, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 905; Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §112, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 765; Pub. L. 102–367, title VI, §601(b)(1), Sept. 7, 1992, 106 Stat. 1102, related to State councils on vocational education, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–224, §111(1)(A), substituted "15 percent" for "10 percent".

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115–224, §111(1)(B)(i), substituted "2 percent" for "1 percent", "State correctional institutions, juvenile justice facilities, and educational institutions" for "State correctional institutions and institutions", and "disabilities;" for "disabilities; and".

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 115–224, §111(1)(B)(ii), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §111(1)(C), substituted "local applications;" for "a local plan;".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–224, §111(2), substituted "section 2355 of this title—" for "section 2355 of this title in—", added pars. (1) and (2), and struck out former pars. (1) to (3) which read as follows:

"(1) rural areas;

"(2) areas with high percentages of career and technical education students; and

"(3) areas with high numbers of career and technical education students."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2323. Accountability

(a) Purpose

The purpose of this section is to establish and support State and local performance accountability systems, comprised of the activities described in this section, to assess the effectiveness of the State and the eligible recipients of the State in achieving statewide progress in career and technical education, and to optimize the return of investment of Federal funds in career and technical education activities.

(b) State determined performance measures

(1) In general

Each eligible agency, with input from eligible recipients, shall establish State determined performance measures for a State that consist of—

(A) the core indicators of performance described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2); and

(B) a State determined level of performance described in paragraph (3)(A) for each core indicator of performance.

(2) Indicators of performance

(A) Core indicators of performance for CTE concentrators at the secondary level

Each eligible agency shall identify in the State plan core indicators of performance for CTE concentrators at the secondary level that are valid and reliable, and that include, at a minimum, measures of each of the following:

(i) The percentage of CTE concentrators who graduate high school, as measured by—

(I) the four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate (defined in section 7801 of this title); and

(II) at the State's discretion, the extended-year adjusted cohort graduation rate defined in such section 7801.

(ii) CTE concentrator proficiency in the challenging State academic standards adopted by the State under section 6311(b)(1) of this title, as measured by the academic assessments described in section 6311(b)(2) of this title.

(iii) The percentage of CTE concentrators who, in the second quarter after exiting from secondary education, are in postsecondary education or advanced training, military service or a service program that receives assistance under title I of the National and Community Service Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12511 et seq.), are volunteers as described in section 2504(a) of title 22, or are employed.

(iv) Indicators of career and technical education program quality as follows:

(I) That shall include at least 1 of the following:

(aa) The percentage of CTE concentrators graduating from high school having attained a recognized postsecondary credential.

(bb) The percentage of CTE concentrators graduating from high school having attained postsecondary credits in the relevant career and technical education program or program of study earned through a dual or concurrent enrollment program or another credit transfer agreement.

(cc) The percentage of CTE concentrators graduating from high school having participated in work-based learning.

(II) That may include any other measure of student success in career and technical education that is statewide, valid, and reliable, and comparable across the State.

(v) The percentage of CTE concentrators in career and technical education programs and programs of study that lead to non-traditional fields.

(B) Core indicators of performance for CTE concentrators at the postsecondary level

Each eligible agency shall identify in the State plan core indicators of performance for CTE concentrators at the postsecondary level that are valid and reliable, and that include, at a minimum, measures of each of the following:

(i) The percentage of CTE concentrators who, during the second quarter after program completion, remain enrolled in postsecondary education, are in advanced training, military service, or a service program that receives assistance under title I of the National and Community Service Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12511 et seq.), are volunteers as described in section 2504(a) of title 22, or are placed or retained in employment.

(ii) The percentage of CTE concentrators who receive a recognized postsecondary credential during participation in or within 1 year of program completion.

(iii) The percentage of CTE concentrators in career and technical education programs and programs of study that lead to non-traditional fields.

(C) Alignment of performance indicators

In developing core indicators of performance under subparagraphs (A) and (B), an eligible agency shall, to the greatest extent possible, align the indicators so that substantially similar information gathered for other State and Federal programs, or for any other purpose, may be used to meet the requirements of this section.

(3) State determined levels of performance

(A) State determined levels of performance for core indicators of performance

(i) In general

(I) Levels determined by the eligible agency

Each eligible agency, with input from eligible recipients, shall establish in the State plan submitted under section 2342 of this title, for each year covered by the State plan, State determined levels of performance for each of the core indicators described under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2) for career and technical education activities authorized under this subchapter. The level of performance for a core indicator shall be the same for all CTE concentrators in the State.

(II) Technical assistance

The Secretary may assist an eligible agency in establishing the State determined levels of performance under this subparagraph only at the request of that eligible agency.

(III) Requirements

Such State determined levels of performance shall, at a minimum—

(aa) be expressed in a percentage or numerical form, so as to be objective, quantifiable, and measurable;

(bb) require the State to continually make meaningful progress toward improving the performance of all career and technical education students, including the subgroups of students described in section 6311(h)(1)(C)(ii) of this title, and special populations, as described in section 2302(48) of this title; and

(cc) have been subject to the public comment process described in subparagraph (B), and the eligible agency has provided a written response;

(dd) when being adjusted pursuant to clause (ii), take into account how the levels of performance involved compare with the State levels of performance established for other States, considering factors including the characteristics of actual (as opposed to anticipated) CTE concentrators when the CTE concentrators entered the program, and the services or instruction to be provided;

(ee) when being adjusted pursuant to clause (ii), be higher than the average actual performance of the 2 most recently completed program years, except in the case of unanticipated circumstances that require revisions in accordance with clause (iii); and

(ff) take into account the extent to which the State determined levels of performance advance the eligible agency's goals, as set forth in the State plan.

(ii) Allowable adjustment of State determined levels of performance for subsequent years

Prior to the third program year covered by the State plan, each eligible agency may revise the State determined levels of performance for any of the core indicators of performance for the subsequent program years covered by the State plan, and submit the revised State determined levels of performance to the Secretary. If the eligible agency adjusts any levels of performance, the eligible agency shall adjust those levels in accordance with clause (i), and address written comments of stakeholders as described in subparagraph (B). The Secretary shall approve those revised levels of performance if those levels meet the requirements described in subclause (III) of clause (i). The State determined adjusted levels of performance identified under this clause shall be considered to be the State determined levels of performance for the State for such years and shall be incorporated into the State plan.

(iii) Unanticipated circumstances

If unanticipated circumstances arise in a State or changes occur related to improvements in data or measurement approaches, the eligible agency, at the end of the program year, may revise the State determined levels of performance required under this subparagraph. After public comment, as described in subparagraph (B), the eligible agency shall submit such revised levels of performance to the Secretary with evidence supporting the revision. The Secretary shall approve any such revision if that revision meets the requirements of clause (ii).

(B) Public comment

(i) In general

Each eligible agency shall develop the levels of performance under subparagraph (A) in consultation with the stakeholders identified in section 2342(c)(1)(A) of this title.

(ii) Written comments

Not less than 60 days prior to submission of the State plan, the eligible agency shall provide such stakeholders with the opportunity to provide written comments to the eligible agency, which shall be included in the State plan, regarding how the levels of performance described under subparagraph (A)—

(I) meet the requirements of the law;

(II) support the improvement of performance of all CTE concentrators, including subgroups of students, as described in section 6311(h)(1)(C)(ii) of this title, and special populations, as described in section 2302(48) of this title; and

(III) support the needs of the local education and business community.

(iii) Eligible agency response

Each eligible agency shall provide, in the State plan, a written response to the comments provided by stakeholders under clause (ii).

(C) State report

(i) In general

Each eligible agency that receives an allotment under section 2321 of this title shall annually prepare and submit to the Secretary a report regarding—

(I) the progress of the State in achieving the State determined levels of performance on the core indicators of performance; and

(II) the actual levels of performance for all CTE concentrators, and for each of the subgroups of students, as described in section 6311(h)(1)(C)(ii) of this title, and special populations, as described in section 2302(48) of this title.

(ii) Data

Except as provided in subparagraph (E), each eligible agency that receives an allotment under section 2321 of this title shall—

(I) disaggregate data for each of the indicators of performance under paragraph (2)—

(aa) for subgroups of students, as described in section 6311(h)(1)(C)(ii) of this title, and special populations, as described in section 2302(48) of this title, that are served under this chapter; and

(bb) by the career and technical education programs or programs of study of the CTE concentrators, except that in a case in which reporting by such program or program of study is impractical, the data may be disaggregated by the career clusters of the CTE concentrators, if appropriate;

(II) identify and quantify any disparities or gaps in performance on the State determined levels of performance under subparagraph (A) between any such subgroup or special population and the performance of all CTE concentrators served by the eligible agency under this chapter, which shall include a quantifiable description of the progress each such subgroup or special population of students served by the eligible agency under this chapter has made in meeting the State determined levels of performance; and

(III) for CTE concentrators described in paragraph (2)(A)(iii) and paragraph (2)(B)(i), disaggregate data, to the extent such data is available, by each of the following:

(aa) Individuals enrolled in postsecondary education (disaggregated by postsecondary award level, including certificate, associate, or baccalaureate degree).

(bb) Individuals in advanced training.

(cc) Individuals in military service or a service program that receives assistance under title I of the National and Community Service Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12511 et seq.) or volunteers as described in section 2504(a) of title 22.

(dd) Individuals in employment (including those individuals who are employed in a high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand sector or occupation).

(iii) Nonduplication

The Secretary shall ensure that each eligible agency does not report duplicative information under this section.

(iv) Information dissemination

The Secretary shall—

(I) make the information contained in such reports available to the general public through a variety of formats, including electronically through the Internet;

(II) disseminate State-by-State comparisons of the information contained in such reports; and

(III) provide the appropriate committees of Congress with copies of such reports.

(D) State dissemination of actual levels of performance

At the end of each program year, the eligible agency shall disseminate the actual levels of performance described in subparagraph (C)(i)(II)—

(i) widely, including to students, parents, and educators;

(ii) through a variety of formats, including electronically through the Internet; and

(iii) in user-friendly formats and languages that are easily accessible, as determined by the eligible agency.

(E) Rules for reporting data

The disaggregation of data under this paragraph shall not be required when the number of students in a category is insufficient to yield statistically reliable information or when the results would reveal personally identifiable information about an individual student.

(4) Local levels of performance

(A) Local levels of performance for core indicators of performance

(i) In general

Each eligible recipient shall agree to accept the State determined levels of performance for each year of the plan established under paragraph (3) as local levels of performances, or negotiate with the State to reach agreement on new local levels of performance, for each of the core indicators of performance described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2) for career and technical education activities authorized under this subchapter. The levels of performance established under this subparagraph shall, at a minimum—

(I) be expressed in a percentage or numerical form, consistent with the form expressed in the State determined levels, so as to be objective, quantifiable, and measurable;

(II) require the eligible recipient to continually make meaningful progress toward improving the performance of all CTE concentrators, including subgroups of students described in section 6311(h)(1)(C)(ii) of this title and special populations, as described in section 2302(48) of this title;

(III) when being adjusted as described in clause (iii), be higher than the average actual performance levels of the previous 2 program years, except in a case in which unanticipated circumstances arise with respect to the eligible recipient and that eligible recipient meets the requirements for revisions under clause (iv);

(IV) when being adjusted as described in clause (iii), take into account how the local levels of performance compare with the local levels of performance established for other eligible recipients, considering factors including the characteristics of actual (as opposed to anticipated) CTE concentrators at the time those CTE concentrators entered the program, and the services or instruction to be provided; and

(V) set the local levels of performance using valid and reliable data that measures—

(aa) the differences within the State in actual economic conditions (including differences in unemployment rates and job losses or gains in particular industries); and

(bb) the abilities of the State and the eligible recipient to collect and access valid, reliable, and cost-effective data.

(ii) Identification in the local application

Each eligible recipient shall identify, in the local application submitted under section 2354 of this title, levels of performance for each of the core indicators of performance for each of the program years covered by the local application.

(iii) Allowable adjustments of local levels of performance for subsequent years

Prior to the third program year covered by the local application, the eligible recipient may, if the eligible recipient reaches an agreement with the eligible agency, adjust the local levels of performance for any of the core indicators of performance for the subsequent program years covered by the local application, in accordance with that agreement and with this subparagraph. The local adjusted levels of performance agreed to under this clause shall be considered to be the local levels of performance for the eligible recipient for such years and shall be incorporated into the local application.

(v) ¹ Revisions

If unanticipated circumstances arise, or changes occur related to improvements in data or measurement approaches, the eligible recipient may request that the local levels of performance agreed to under clauses (i) and (iii) be revised. The eligible agency shall issue objective criteria and methods for making such revisions.

(B) Local report

(i) Content of report

Each eligible recipient that receives an allocation described in section 2322 of this title shall annually prepare and submit to the eligible agency a report, which shall include the data on the actual performance levels described in clause (ii), including the progress of such recipient in achieving the local levels of performance on the core indicators of performance.

(ii) Data

Except as provided in clauses (iii) and (iv), each eligible recipient that receives an allocation described in section 2322 of this title shall—

(I) disaggregate data for each of the indicators of performance under paragraph (2) for the subgroups of students described in section 6311(h)(1)(C)(ii) of this title and section 2302(48) of this title that are served under this chapter;

(II) identify and quantify any disparities or gaps in performance, as described in paragraph 3(C)(ii)(II), between any such category of students as described in subclause (I) (including special populations) and the performance of all CTE concentrators served by the eligible recipient under this chapter.

(III) disaggregate data by the career and technical education programs or programs of study of the CTE concentrators, except that in a case in which reporting by such program or program of study is impractical, the data may be disaggregated by the career clusters of the CTE concentrators, if appropriate; and

(IV) for CTE concentrators described in paragraph (2)(A)(iii) and paragraph (2)(B)(i), disaggregate data, to the extent such data is available, by each of the following:

(aa) Individuals enrolled in postsecondary education (disaggregated by postsecondary award level, including certificate, associate, or baccalaureate degree).

(bb) Individuals in advanced training.

(cc) Individuals in military service or a service program that receives assistance under title I of the National and Community Service Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12511 et seq.) or volunteers as described in section 2504(a) of title 22.

(dd) Individuals in employment (including those individuals who are employed in a high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand sector or occupation).

(iii) Nonduplication

The eligible agency shall ensure, in a manner that is consistent with the actions of the Secretary under paragraph (3)(C)(iii), that each eligible recipient does not report duplicative information under this section.

(iv) Rules for reporting of data

The disaggregation of data under this paragraph shall not be required when the number of students in a category is insufficient to yield statistically reliable information or when the results would reveal personally identifiable information about an individual student.

(v) Availability

The report described in clause (i) shall be made available by the eligible recipient through a variety of formats, including electronically through the Internet, to students, parents, educators, and the public, and the information contained in such report shall be in a format that is understandable and uniform, and to the extent practicable, provided in a language that students, parents, and educators can understand.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §113, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 696; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(n)(3), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2169; Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §112, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1579.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The National and Community Service Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(A)(iii), (B)(i), (3)(C)(ii)(III)(cc), (4)(B)(ii)(IV)(cc), is Pub. L. 101–610, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3127. Title I of the Act is classified principally to subchapter I (§12511 et seq.) of chapter 129 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12501 of Title 42 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2323, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §113, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3087, related to accountability, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2323, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §113, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2445; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §§704, 713(a)(1), (2), Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 905, 907; Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §113, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1142; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §391(s)(2), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4024, required submission of State plans, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(A), inserted "determined" after "State" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(B)(i), inserted "State determined" before "performance" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(B), (C). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(B)(ii)–(iv), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B), substituted "a State determined level of performance" for "a State adjusted level of performance" and struck out ", and State levels of performance described in paragraph (3)(B) for each additional indicator of performance" before period at end, and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "any additional indicators of performance (if any) identified by the eligible agency under paragraph (2)(C); and".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(C), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which described various indicators of performance.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(D)(i), inserted "determined" after "State" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(D)(ii), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) related to State adjusted levels of performance for core indicators of performance.

Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(D)(iii), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Each eligible agency shall identify in the State plan State levels of performance for each of the additional indicators of performance described in paragraph (2)(C). Such levels shall be considered to be the State levels of performance for purposes of this subchapter."

Subsec. (b)(3)(C) to (E). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(D)(iv), added subpars. (C) to (E).

Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(i)(I), struck out "adjusted" before "levels of performance" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(i). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(i)(III)(aa), in introductory provisions, substituted "State determined levels of performance for each year of the plan" for "State adjusted levels of performance" and substituted "local levels" for "local adjusted levels" in two places.

Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(i)(I). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(i)(III)(bb), substituted "consistent with the form expressed in the State determined levels, so as" for "consistent with the State levels of performance established under paragraph (3), so as" and struck out "and" at end.

Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(i)(II). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(i)(III)(cc), substituted "continually make meaningful progress toward improving the performance of all CTE concentrators, including subgroups of students described in section 6311(h)(1)(C)(ii) of this title and special populations, as described in section 2302(48) of this title;" for "continually make progress toward improving the performance of career and technical education students."

Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(i)(III) to (V). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(i)(III)(dd), added subcls. (III) to (V).

Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(i)(IV)(aa), (cc), substituted "application" for "plan" in heading and "each of the" for "the first 2" in text.

Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(i)(IV)(bb), which directed substitution of "application" for "plan", was executed by making the substitution both places it appeared to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(i)(V), amended cl. (iii) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Prior to the third and fifth program years covered by the local plan, the eligible agency and each eligible recipient shall reach agreement on the local adjusted levels of performance for each of the core indicators of performance for the corresponding subsequent program years covered by the local plan, taking into account the factors described in clause (v). The local adjusted levels of performance agreed to under this clause shall be considered to be the local adjusted levels of performance for the eligible recipient for such years and shall be incorporated into the local plan."

Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(i)(II), redesignated cl. (iv) as (iii) and struck out former cl. (iii). Prior to amendment, text of cl. (iii) read as follows: "The eligible agency and each eligible recipient shall reach agreement, as described in clause (i), on the eligible recipient's levels of performance for each of the core indicators of performance for the first 2 program years covered by the local plan, taking into account the levels identified in the local plan under clause (ii) and the factors described in clause (v). The levels of performance agreed to under this clause shall be considered to be the local adjusted levels of performance for the eligible recipient for such years and shall be incorporated into the local plan prior to the approval of such plan."

Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(i)(II), redesignated cl. (iv) as (iii).

Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(v), (vi). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(i)(II), (VI), redesignated cl. (vi) as (v), substituted "If unanticipated circumstances arise, or changes occur related to improvements in data or measurement approaches, the eligible recipient may request that the local levels of performance agreed to under clauses (i) and (iii) be revised." for "If unanticipated circumstances arise with respect to an eligible recipient resulting in a significant change in the factors described in clause (v), the eligible recipient may request that the local adjusted levels of performance agreed to under clause (iii) or (iv) be revised.", and struck out former cl. (v) which set out factors the agreements in this subpar. were to take into account.

Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(ii), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B). Prior to amendment, text of subpar. (B) read as follows: "Each eligible recipient may identify, in the local plan, local levels of performance for any additional indicators of performance described in paragraph (2)(C). Such levels shall be considered to be the local levels of performance for purposes of this subchapter."

Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(iii)(I), substituted "the data on the actual performance levels described in clause (ii), including the progress of such recipient in achieving the local levels of performance" for "the data described in clause (ii)(I), regarding the progress of such recipient in achieving the local adjusted levels of performance".

Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(ii)(I). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(iii)(II)(aa), substituted "section 6311(h)(1)(C)(ii)" for "section 6311(h)(1)(C)(i)" and "section 2302(48)" for "section 2302(29)" and struck out "and" at end.

Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(iii)(II)(bb)(AA)–(CC), inserted ", as described in paragraph 3(C)(ii)(II)," after "gaps in performance" and "as described in subclause (I) (including special populations)" after "category of students" and substituted "all CTE concentrators" for "all students".

Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(ii)(III), (IV). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(iii)(II)(bb)(DD), added subcls. (III) and (IV).

Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(iii)(III), substituted "paragraph (3)(C)(iii)" for "subsection (c)(3)".

Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(iii)(IV), substituted "this paragraph" for "clause (ii)".

Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(v). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(iii)(V), added cl. (v) and struck out former cl. (v). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The report described in clause (i) shall be made available to the public through a variety of formats, including electronically through the Internet."

Subsec. (b)(4)(C). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(1)(E)(ii), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–224, §112(2), struck out subsec. (c) which related to annual reports from eligible agencies receiving allotments.

2015—Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(n)(3)(A)(i), added cl. (i) and struck out former cl. (i) which read as follows: "Student attainment of challenging academic content standards and student academic achievement standards, as adopted by a State in accordance with section 6311(b)(1) of this title and measured by the State determined proficient levels on the academic assessments described in section 6311(b)(3) of this title."

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(n)(3)(A)(ii), substituted "(as described in section 6311(c)(4)(A)(i)(I)(bb) of this title)" for "(as described in section 6311(b)(2)(C)(vi) of this title)".

Subsec. (b)(4)(C)(ii)(I). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(n)(3)(B), substituted "subgroups" for "categories".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

¹ So in original. There is no cl. (iv).

§2324. National activities

(a) Program performance information

(1) In general

The Secretary shall, in consultation with the Director, collect performance information about, and report on, the condition of career and technical education and on the effectiveness of State and local programs, services, and activities carried out under this subchapter in order to provide the Secretary and Congress, as well as Federal, State, local, and tribal agencies, with information relevant to improvement in the quality and effectiveness of career and technical education. The Secretary shall report annually to Congress on the Secretary's aggregate analysis of performance information collected each year pursuant to this subchapter from eligible agencies under section 2323(b)(3)(C) of this title, including an analysis of performance data regarding special populations.

(2) Compatibility

The Secretary shall, to the extent feasible, ensure that the performance information system is compatible with other Federal information systems.

(3) Assessments

As a regular part of its assessments, the National Center for Education Statistics shall collect and report information on career and technical education for a nationally representative sample of students. Such assessment may include international comparisons in the aggregate.

(b) Reasonable cost

The Secretary shall take such action as may be necessary to secure at reasonable cost the information required by this subchapter. To ensure reasonable cost, the Secretary, in consultation with the National Center for Education Statistics and the Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education shall determine the methodology to be used and the frequency with which such information is to be collected.

(c) Single plan for research, development, dissemination, evaluation, and assessment

(1) In general

The Secretary shall, directly or through grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements, carry out research, development, dissemination, evaluation and assessment, capacity building, and technical assistance with regard to the career and technical education programs under this chapter. The Secretary shall develop a single plan for such activities.

(2) Plan

Such plan shall—

(A) identify the career and technical education activities described in paragraph (1) that the Secretary will carry out under this section;

(B) describe how the Secretary, acting through the Director, will evaluate such career and technical education activities in accordance with subsection (d)(2); and

(C) include such other information as the Secretary, in consultation with the Director, determines to be appropriate.

(d) Advisory panel; evaluation; reports

(1) Independent advisory panel

(A) In general

The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall appoint an independent advisory panel to advise the Secretary on the implementation of the evaluation described in paragraph (2) and the plan developed under subsection (c), including the issues to be addressed and the methodology of the studies involved to ensure that the evaluation adheres to the highest standards of quality.

(B) Members

The advisory panel shall consist of—

(i) educators, administrators, State directors of career and technical education, and chief executives, including those with expertise in the integration of academic and career and technical education;

(ii) experts in evaluation, research, and assessment;

(iii) representatives of labor organizations and businesses, including small businesses, economic development entities, and workforce investment entities;

(iv) parents;

(v) career guidance and academic counseling professionals;

(vi) other individuals and qualified intermediaries with relevant expertise, which may include individuals with expertise in addressing inequities in access to, and in opportunities for, academic and technical skill attainment;

(vii) representatives of Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations; and

(viii) representatives of special populations.

(C) Independent analysis

The advisory panel shall transmit to the Secretary, the Director, the relevant committees of Congress, and the Library of Congress an independent analysis of the findings and recommendations resulting from the evaluation described in paragraph (2).

(D) Chapter 10 of title 5

Chapter 10 of title 5 shall not apply to the panel established under this paragraph.

(2) Evaluation

(A) In general

From amounts made available under subsection (f), the Secretary, acting through the Director, shall provide for the conduct of a series of research and evaluation initiatives for each year for which funds are appropriated to carry out this chapter, which are aligned with the plan in subsection (c)(2), of career and technical education programs under this chapter, including the implementation of the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act, to the extent practicable, through studies and analyses conducted independently through grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements that are awarded on a competitive basis. Whenever possible, data used for the evaluation for a fiscal year shall be data from the most recent fiscal year for which such data are available, and from the 5-year period preceding that fiscal year.

(B) Contents

The evaluation required under subparagraph (A) shall include descriptions and evaluations of—

(i) the extent and success of the integration of challenging State academic standards adopted under section 1111(b)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6311(b)(1)] and career and technical education for students participating in career and technical education programs, including a review of the effect of such integration on the academic and technical proficiency achievement of such students, including—

(I) the number of such students that receive a regular high school diploma, as such term is defined under section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 7801] or a State-defined alternative diploma described in section 8101(25)(A)(ii)(I)(bb) of such Act;

(II) the number of such students that are high school students that receive a recognized postsecondary credential; and

(III) the number of such students that are high school students that earn credit toward a recognized postsecondary credential;

(ii) the extent to which career and technical education programs and programs of study prepare students, including special populations, for subsequent employment in high-skill, high-wage occupations (including those in which mathematics and science skills are critical, which may include computer science), or for participation in postsecondary education;

(iii) employer involvement in, benefit from, and satisfaction with, career and technical education programs and programs of study and career and technical education students' preparation for employment;

(iv) efforts to expand access to career and technical education programs of study for all students;

(v) innovative approaches to work-based learning programs that increase participation and alignment with employment in high-growth industries, including in rural and low-income areas;

(vi) the effectiveness of different delivery systems and approaches for career and technical education, including comprehensive high schools, technical high schools, area technical centers, career academies, community and technical colleges, early college high schools, pre-apprenticeship programs, voluntary after-school programs, and individual course offerings, including dual or concurrent enrollment program courses, as well as communication strategies for promoting career and technical education opportunities involving teachers, school counselors, and parents or other guardians;

(vii) the extent to which career and technical education programs supported by this chapter are grounded on evidence-based research;

(viii) the impact of the amendments to this chapter made under the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act, including comparisons, where appropriate, of—

(I) the use of the comprehensive needs assessment under section 2354(c) of this title;

(II) the implementation of programs of study; and

(III) coordination of planning and program delivery with other relevant laws, including the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.) and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.];

(ix) changes in career and technical education program accountability as described in section 2323 of this title and any effects of such changes on program delivery and program quality;

(x) changes in student enrollment patterns; and

(xi) efforts to reduce disparities or performance gaps described in section 2323(b)(3)(C)(ii)(II) of this title.

(C) Reports

(i) In general

The Secretary, in consultation with the Director, shall submit to the relevant committees of Congress—

(I) not later than 2 years after July 31, 2018, an interim report regarding the evaluation and summary of research activities carried out under this section that builds on studies and analyses existing as of such date;

(II) not later than 4 years after July 31, 2018, a final report summarizing the studies and analyses that relate to the evaluation and summary of research activities carried out under this section; and

(III) a biennial update to such final report for succeeding years.

(ii) Prohibition

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the reports required by this subsection shall not be subject to any review outside the Department of Education before their transmittal to the relevant committees of Congress and the Secretary, but the President, the Secretary, the Director, and the independent advisory panel established under paragraph (1) may make such additional recommendations to Congress with respect to the assessment as the President, the Secretary, the Director, or the panel determine to be appropriate.

(iii) Dissemination

In addition to submitting the reports required under clause (i), the Secretary shall disseminate the results of the evaluation widely and on a timely basis in order to increase the understanding among State and local officials and educators of the effectiveness of programs and activities supported under the ¹ chapter and of the career and technical education programs and programs of study that are most likely to produce positive educational and employment outcomes.

(3) Collection of State information and report

(A) In general

The Secretary may collect and disseminate information from States regarding State efforts to meet State determined levels of performance described in section 2323(b) of this title, as long as such information does not reveal any personally identifiable information.

(B) Report

The Secretary shall gather any information collected pursuant to subparagraph (A) and submit a report to the relevant committees in Congress.

(4) Research

(A) In general

From amounts made available under subsection (f), the Secretary, after consultation with the Director, the Commissioner for Education Research, and the States, and with input from the independent advisory panel established under subsection (d)(1)(A), shall award a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement, on a competitive basis, to an institution of higher education or to a consortium of one or more institutions of higher education and one or more private nonprofit organizations or agencies, to carry out one or more of the activities described in subparagraph (B).

(B) Grant activities

An institution or consortium receiving a grant under this paragraph shall use grant funds to carry out one or more of the following activities:

(i) Evidence-based research and evaluation for the purpose of developing, improving, and identifying the most successful methods for—

(I) eliminating inequities in access to, and in opportunities for, learning, skill development, or effective teaching in career and technical education programs; and

(II) addressing the education, employment, and training needs of CTE participants, including special populations, in career and technical education programs or programs of study.

(ii) Research on, and evaluation of, the impact of changes made by the Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act, including State-by-State comparisons, where appropriate, of—

(I) the use of the needs assessment under section 2354(c) of this title;

(II) the implementation of programs of study;

(III) how States have implemented provisions of the ¹ chapter, including both fiscal and programmatic elements;

(IV) career and technical education funding and finance models; and

(V) coordination with other relevant laws, including the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.), the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.], and the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.].

(iii) Evidence-based research and analyses that provide longitudinal information with respect to career and technical education programs and programs of study and student achievement.

(iv) The implementation of, evaluation of, or evidence-based research of, innovative methods that support high-quality implementation of career and technical education programs and programs of study and student achievement related to career and technical education, including—

(I) creating or expanding dual or concurrent enrollment program activities and early college high schools;

(II) awarding of academic credit or academic alignment for industry recognized credentials, competency-based education, or work-based learning;

(III) making available open, searchable, and comparable information on the quality of industry recognized credentials, including the related skills or competencies, attainment by CTE concentrators, related employment and earnings outcomes, labor market value, and use by employers; or

(IV) initiatives to facilitate the transition of sub-baccalaureate career and technical education students into baccalaureate degree programs, including barriers affecting rural students and special populations.

(C) Report

The institution or consortium receiving a grant under this paragraph shall annually prepare a report containing information about the key research findings of such entity under this paragraph and shall submit copies of the report to the Secretary and the Director. The Secretary shall submit copies of the report to the relevant committees of Congress, the Library of Congress, and each eligible agency.

(D) Dissemination

The institution or consortium receiving a grant under this paragraph shall conduct dissemination and training activities based on the research carried out under this paragraph on a timely basis, including through dissemination networks and, as appropriate and relevant, technical assistance providers within the Department.

(e) Innovation and modernization

(1) Grant program

To identify, support, and rigorously evaluate evidence-based and innovative strategies and activities to improve and modernize career and technical education and align workforce skills with labor market needs as part of the State plan under section 2342 of this title and local application under section 2354 of this title and the requirements of this subsection, the Secretary may use not more than 20 percent of the amounts appropriated under subsection (f) to award grants to eligible entities, eligible institutions, or eligible recipients to carry out the activities described in paragraph (7).

(2) Non-Federal match

(A) Matching funds required

Except as provided under subparagraph (B), to receive a grant under this subsection, an eligible entity, eligible institution, or eligible recipient shall, through cash or in-kind contributions, provide matching funds from non-Federal sources in an amount equal to not less than 50 percent of the funds provided under such grant.

(B) Exception

The Secretary may waive the matching fund requirement under subparagraph (A) if the eligible entity, eligible institution, or eligible recipient demonstrates exceptional circumstances.

(3) Application

To receive a grant under this subsection, an eligible entity, eligible institution, or eligible recipient shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require, including, at a minimum—

(A) an identification and designation of the agency, institution, or school responsible for the administration and supervision of the program assisted under this paragraph;

(B) a description of the budget for the project, the source and amount of the matching funds required under paragraph (2)(A), and how the applicant will continue the project after the grant period ends, if applicable;

(C) a description of how the applicant will use the grant funds, including how such funds will directly benefit students, including special populations, served by the applicant;

(D) a description of how the program assisted under this subsection will be coordinated with the activities carried out under section 2344 or 2355 of this title;

(E) a description of how the career and technical education programs or programs of study to be implemented with grant funds reflect the needs of regional, State, or local employers, as demonstrated by the comprehensive needs assessment under section 2354(c) of this title;

(F) a description of how the program assisted under this subsection will be evaluated and how that evaluation may inform the report described in subsection (d)(2)(C); and

(G) an assurance that the applicant will—

(i) provide information to the Secretary, as requested, for evaluations that the Secretary may carry out; and

(ii) make data available to third parties for validation, in accordance with applicable data privacy laws, including section 444 of the General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1232g, commonly known as the "Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974").

(4) Priority

In awarding grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to applications from eligible entities, eligible institutions, or eligible recipients that will predominantly serve students from low-income families.

(5) Geographic diversity

(A) In general

In awarding grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall award no less than 25 percent of the total available funds for any fiscal year to eligible entities, eligible institutions, or eligible recipients proposing to fund career and technical education activities that serve—

(i) a local educational agency with an urban-centric district locale code of 32, 33, 41, 42, or 43, as determined by the Secretary;

(ii) an institution of higher education primarily serving the one or more areas served by such a local educational agency;

(iii) a consortium of such local educational agencies or such institutions of higher education;

(iv) a partnership between—

(I) an educational service agency or a nonprofit organization; and

(II) such a local educational agency or such an institution of higher education; or

(v) a partnership between—

(I) a grant recipient described in clause (i) or (ii); and

(II) a State educational agency.

(B) Exception

Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall reduce the amount of funds made available under such clause if the Secretary does not receive a sufficient number of applications of sufficient quality.

(6) Duration

(A) In general

Grants awarded under this subsection shall be for a period of not more than 3 years.

(B) Extension

The Secretary may extend such grants for not more than 1 additional 2-year period if the grantee demonstrates to the Secretary that the grantee is achieving the grantee's program objectives and, as applicable, has improved education outcomes for career and technical education students, including special populations.

(7) Uses of funds

An eligible entity, eligible institution, or eligible recipient that is awarded a grant under this subsection shall use the grant funds to create, develop, implement, replicate, or take to scale evidence-based, field-initiated innovations to modernize and improve effectiveness and alignment of career and technical education and to improve student outcomes in career and technical education, and rigorously evaluate such innovations, through one or more of the following activities:

(A) Designing and implementing courses or programs of study aligned to labor market needs in new or emerging fields and working with industry to upgrade equipment, technology, and related curriculum used in career and technical education programs, which is needed for the development, expansion, and implementation of State-approved career and technical education programs of study, including—

(i) the development or acquisition of instructional materials associated with the equipment and technology purchased by an eligible entity, eligible institution, or eligible recipient through the grant; or

(ii) efforts to expand, develop, or implement programs designed to increase opportunities for students to take rigorous courses in coding or computer science subject areas, and support for statewide efforts to increase access and implementation of coding or computer science courses in order to meet local labor market needs in occupations that require skills in those subject areas.

(B) Improving career and technical education outcomes of students served by eligible entities, eligible institutions, or eligible recipients through activities such as—

(i) supporting the development and enhancement of innovative delivery models for career and technical education related work-based learning, including school-based simulated work sites, mentoring, work site visits, job shadowing, project-based learning, and skills-based and paid internships;

(ii) increasing the effective use of technology within career and technical education programs and programs of study;

(iii) supporting new models for integrating academic content at the secondary and postsecondary level in career and technical education; or

(iv) integrating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields, including computer science education, with career and technical education.

(C) Improving the transition of students—

(i) from secondary education to postsecondary education or employment through programs, activities, or services that may include the creation, development, or expansion of dual or concurrent enrollment programs, articulation agreements, credit transfer agreements, and competency-based education; or

(ii) from the completion of one postsecondary program to another postsecondary program that awards a recognized postsecondary credential.

(D) Supporting the development and enhancement of innovative delivery models for career and technical education.

(E) Working with industry to design and implement courses or programs of study aligned to labor market needs in new or emerging fields.

(F) Supporting innovative approaches to career and technical education by redesigning the high school experience for students, which may include evidence-based transitional support strategies for students who have not met postsecondary education eligibility requirements.

(G) Creating or expanding recruitment, retention, or professional development activities for career and technical education teachers, faculty, school leaders, administrators, specialized instructional support personnel, career guidance and academic counselors, and paraprofessionals, which may include—

(i) providing resources and training to improve instruction for, and provide appropriate accommodations to, special populations;

(ii) externships or site visits with business and industry;

(iii) the integration of coherent and rigorous academic content standards and career and technical education curricula, including through opportunities for appropriate academic and career and technical education teachers to jointly develop and implement curricula and pedagogical strategies;

(iv) mentoring by experienced teachers;

(v) providing resources or assistance with meeting State teacher licensure and credential requirements; or

(vi) training for career guidance and academic counselors at the secondary level to improve awareness of postsecondary education and postsecondary career options, and improve the ability of such counselors to communicate to students the career opportunities and employment trends.

(H) Improving CTE concentrator employment outcomes in non-traditional fields.

(I) Supporting the use of career and technical education programs and programs of study in a coordinated strategy to address identified employer needs and workforce shortages, such as shortages in the early childhood, elementary school, and secondary school education workforce.

(J) Providing integrated student support that addresses the comprehensive needs of students, such as incorporating accelerated and differentiated learning opportunities supported by evidence-based strategies for special populations.

(K) Establishing an online portal for career and technical education students, including special populations, preparing for postsecondary career and technical education, which may include opportunities for mentoring, gaining financial literacy skills, and identifying career opportunities and interests, and a platform to establish online savings accounts to be used exclusively for postsecondary career and technical education programs and programs of study.

(L) Developing and implementing a pay for success initiative.

(8) Evaluation

Each eligible entity, eligible institution, or eligible recipient receiving a grant under this subsection shall provide for an independent evaluation of the activities carried out using such grant and submit to the Secretary an annual report that includes—

(A) a description of how funds received under this paragraph were used;

(B) the performance of the eligible entity, eligible institution, or eligible recipient with respect to, at a minimum, the performance indicators described under section 2323 of this title, as applicable, and disaggregated by—

(i) subgroups of students described in section 1111(c)(2)(B) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6311(c)(2)(B)];

(ii) special populations; and

(iii) as appropriate, each career and technical education program and program of study; and

(C) a quantitative analysis of the effectiveness of the project carried out under this paragraph.

(f) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—

(1) $7,651,051 for fiscal year 2019;

(2) $7,758,166 for fiscal year 2020;

(3) $7,866,780 for fiscal year 2021;

(4) $7,976,915 for fiscal year 2022;

(5) $8,088,592 for fiscal year 2023; and

(6) $8,201,832 for fiscal year 2024.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §114, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 702; amended Pub. L. 113–76, div. H, title III, §307(d), Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 399; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(n)(4), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2169; Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §113, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1588; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(149), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4322.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(A), (B)(viii), (4)(B)(ii), is Pub. L. 115–224, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1563. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2018 Amendment note set out under section 2301 of this title and Tables.

The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(B)(viii)(III), (4)(B)(ii)(V), is Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425, which enacted chapter 32 (§3101 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor, repealed chapter 30 (§2801 et seq.) of Title 29 and chapter 73 (§9201 et seq.) of this title, and made amendments to numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of Title 29 and Tables.

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(B)(viii)(III), (4)(B)(ii)(V), is Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27, which is classified generally to chapter 70 (§6301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (d)(4)(B)(ii)(V), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, which is classified generally to chapter 28 (§1001 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2324, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §114, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3089, related to national activities, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2324, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §114, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2449; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §114, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 769, related to development and approval of State plans, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (d)(1)(D). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "Chapter 10 of title 5" for "FACA" in heading and "Chapter 10 of title 5" for "The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.)" in text.

2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(1), substituted "The Secretary shall, in consultation with the Director, collect" for "The Secretary shall collect" and inserted "from eligible agencies under section 2323(b)(3)(C) of this title" after "pursuant to this subchapter".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(2), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) required the collection of information at reasonable cost and the cooperation of eligible agencies receiving assistance under this chapter.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(3)(A), substituted "Secretary shall, directly" for "Secretary may, directly".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(3)(B)(i), inserted ", acting through the Director," after "describe how the Secretary".

Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(3)(B)(ii), inserted ", in consultation with the Director," after "Secretary".

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(4)(A)(i), inserted ", acting through the Director," after "The Secretary" and "and the plan developed under subsection (c)" after "described in paragraph (2)" and substituted "evaluation" for "assessment" in two places.

Subsec. (d)(1)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(4)(A)(ii)(II), inserted "qualified" before "intermediaries" and substituted "expertise, which may include individuals with expertise in addressing inequities in access to, and in opportunities for, academic and technical skill attainment;" for "expertise."

Subsec. (d)(1)(B)(vii), (viii). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(4)(A)(ii)(I), (III), added cls. (vii) and (viii).

Subsec. (d)(1)(C). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(4)(A)(iii), inserted "the Director," after "the Secretary," and substituted "evaluation" for "assessment".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(4)(B)(i), struck out "and assessment" after "Evaluation" in heading.

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(4)(B)(ii), substituted "subsection (f), the Secretary, acting through the Director," for "subsection (e), the Secretary", "a series of research and evaluation initiatives for each year for which funds are appropriated to carry out this chapter, which are aligned with the plan in subsection (c)(2)," for "an independent evaluation and assessment", and "Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act" for "Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006" and inserted at end "Whenever possible, data used for the evaluation for a fiscal year shall be data from the most recent fiscal year for which such data are available, and from the 5-year period preceding that fiscal year."

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(4)(B)(iii), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) set out the contents of the assessment required under subpar. (A).

Subsec. (d)(2)(C)(i). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(4)(B)(iv)(I), inserted ", in consultation with the Director," after "The Secretary" in introductory provisions, added subcls. (I) to (III), and struck out former subcls. (I) and (II) which required an interim report by Jan. 1, 2010, and a final report by July 1, 2011.

Subsec. (d)(2)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(4)(B)(iv)(II), inserted "the Director," after "the President, the Secretary," in two places.

Subsec. (d)(2)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(4)(B)(iv)(III), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(4)(C), substituted "State determined levels of performance described in section 2323(b) of this title, as long as such information does not reveal any personally identifiable information" for "State adjusted levels of performance described in section 2323(b) of this title".

Subsec. (d)(4), (5). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(4)(D), added par. (4) and struck out former pars. (4) and (5) which related to grants for research and demonstration programs and dissemination of information.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(6), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–224, §113(5), (7), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2012."

2015—Subsec. (d)(4)(A)(iii)(I)(aa). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted "integrating those programs with challenging State academic standards, as adopted by States under section 1111(b)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965;" for "integrating those programs with academic content standards and student academic achievement standards, as adopted by States under section 1111(b)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965;".

2014—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–76 substituted "Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education" for "Office of Vocational and Adult Education".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

¹ So in original. Probably should be "this".

§2325. Assistance for the outlying areas

(a) Outlying areas

From funds reserved pursuant to section 2321(a)(1)(A) of this title, the Secretary shall—

(1) make a grant in the amount of $660,000 to Guam;

(2) make a grant in the amount of $350,000 to each of American Samoa and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; and

(3) make a grant of $160,000 to the Republic of Palau, subject to subsection (b).

(b) Restriction

The Republic of Palau shall cease to be eligible to receive funding under this section upon entering into an agreement for an extension of United States educational assistance under the Compact of Free Association, unless otherwise provided in such agreement.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §115, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 706; amended Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §114, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1597.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2325, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §115, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3094, related to assistance for outlying areas, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2325, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §115, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2449; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §115, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 770; Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1142; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §391(s)(3), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4024, related to State and local standards and measures, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 115–224, §114(1), substituted "subject to subsection (b)" for "subject to subsection (d)".

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 115–224, §114(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (d) as (b) and struck out former subsecs. (b) and (c) which provided for grants of the remainder of funds reserved pursuant to section 2321(a)(1)(A) of this title and established a limitation on use.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2326. Native American programs

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Alaska Native

The term "Alaska Native" means a Native as such term is defined in section 1602 of title 43.

(2) Bureau-funded school

The term "Bureau-funded school" has the meaning given the term in section 2021 of title 25.

(3) Native Hawaiian

The term "Native Hawaiian" means any individual any of whose ancestors were natives, prior to 1778, of the area which now comprises the State of Hawaii.

(4) Native Hawaiian organization

The term "Native Hawaiian organization" has the meaning given the term in section 7517 of this title.

(b) Program authorized

(1) Authority

From funds reserved under section 2321(a)(1)(B)(i) of this title, the Secretary shall make grants to or enter into contracts with Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, and Alaska Native entities to carry out the authorized programs described in subsection (c), except that such grants or contracts shall not be awarded to secondary school programs in Bureau-funded schools.

(2) Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations

The grants or contracts described in this section that are awarded to any Indian Tribe or Tribal organization shall be subject to the terms and conditions of section 5321 of title 25 and shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of sections 5345, 5346, and 5347 of title 25, which are relevant to the programs administered under this subsection.

(3) Special authority relating to secondary schools operated or supported by the Bureau of Indian Education

An Indian Tribe, a Tribal organization, or an Alaska Native entity, that receives funds through a grant made or contract entered into under paragraph (1) may use the funds to provide assistance to a secondary school operated or supported by the Bureau of Indian Education to enable such school to carry out career and technical education programs.

(4) Matching

If sufficient funding is available, the Bureau of Indian Education shall expend an amount equal to the amount made available under this subsection, relating to programs for Indians, to pay a part of the costs of programs funded under this subsection. During each fiscal year the Bureau of Indian Education shall expend not less than the amount expended during the prior fiscal year on career and technical education programs, services, and technical activities administered directly by, or under contract with, the Bureau of Indian Education, except that in no year shall funding for such programs, services, and activities be provided from accounts and programs that support other Indian education programs. The Secretary and the Director of the Bureau of Indian Education shall prepare jointly a plan for the expenditure of funds made available and for the evaluation of programs assisted under this subsection. Upon the completion of a joint plan for the expenditure of the funds and the evaluation of the programs, the Secretary shall assume responsibility for the administration of the program, with the assistance and consultation of the Bureau of Indian Education.

(5) Regulations

If the Secretary promulgates any regulations applicable to paragraph (2), the Secretary shall—

(A) confer with, and allow for active participation by, representatives of Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, and individual Tribal members; and

(B) promulgate the regulations under subchapter III of chapter 5 of title 5, commonly known as the "Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990".

(6) Application

Any Indian Tribe, Tribal organization, or Bureau-funded school eligible to receive assistance under this subsection may apply individually or as part of a consortium with another such Indian Tribe, Tribal organization, or Bureau-funded school.

(c) Authorized activities

(1) Authorized programs

Funds made available under this section shall be used to carry out career and technical education programs consistent with the purpose of this chapter.

(2) Special rule

Notwithstanding section 2302(5)(A)(iii) of this title, funds made available under this section may be used to provide preparatory, refresher, and remedial education services that are designed to enable students to achieve success in career and technical education programs or programs of study.

(3) Stipends

(A) In general

Funds received pursuant to grants or contracts awarded under subsection (b) may be used to provide stipends to students who are enrolled in career and technical education programs and who have acute economic needs which cannot be met through work-study programs.

(B) Amount

Stipends described in subparagraph (A) shall not exceed reasonable amounts as prescribed by the Secretary.

(d) Grant or contract application

In order to receive a grant or contract under this section, an organization, Tribe, or entity described in subsection (b) shall submit an application to the Secretary that shall include an assurance that such organization, Tribe, or entity shall comply with the requirements of this section.

(e) Restrictions and special considerations

The Secretary may not place upon grants awarded or contracts entered into under subsection (b) any restrictions relating to programs other than restrictions that apply to grants made to or contracts entered into with States pursuant to allotments under section 2321(a) of this title. The Secretary, in awarding grants and entering into contracts under this section, shall ensure that the grants and contracts will improve career and technical education programs, and shall give special consideration to—

(1) programs that involve, coordinate with, or encourage Tribal economic development plans; and

(2) applications from tribally controlled colleges or universities that—

(A) are accredited or are candidates for accreditation by a nationally recognized accreditation organization as an institution of postsecondary career and technical education; or

(B) operate career and technical education programs that are accredited or are candidates for accreditation by a nationally recognized accreditation organization, and issue certificates for completion of career and technical education programs.

(f) Consolidation of funds

Each organization, Tribe, or entity receiving assistance under this section may consolidate such assistance with assistance received from related programs in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Employment, Training and Related Services Demonstration Act of 1992 (25 U.S.C. 3401 et seq.).

(g) Nonduplicative and nonexclusive services

Nothing in this section shall be construed—

(1) to limit the eligibility of any organization, Tribe, or entity described in subsection (b) to participate in any activity offered by an eligible agency or eligible recipient under this subchapter; or

(2) to preclude or discourage any agreement, between any organization, Tribe, or entity described in subsection (b) and any eligible agency or eligible recipient, to facilitate the provision of services by such eligible agency or eligible recipient to the population served by such eligible agency or eligible recipient.

(h) Native Hawaiian programs

From the funds reserved pursuant to section 2321(a)(1)(B)(ii) of this title, the Secretary shall award grants to or enter into contracts with community-based organizations primarily serving and representing Native Hawaiians to plan, conduct, and administer programs, or portions thereof, which are authorized by and consistent with the provisions of this section for the benefit of Native Hawaiians.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §116, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 707; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(n)(5), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2169; Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §115, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1598.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Indian Employment, Training and Related Services Demonstration Act of 1992, referred to in subsec. (f), is Pub. L. 102–477, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2302, which is classified generally to chapter 36 (§3401 et seq.) of Title 25, Indians. The Act was renamed the Indian Employment, Training and Related Services Act of 1992 by Pub. L. 115–93, §2, Dec. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 2026. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3401 of Title 25 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2326, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §116, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3094; amended Pub. L. 107–110, title VII, §702(b), (c), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1946, 1947, related to Native American program, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2326, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §116, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §116, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 772, related to State assessments of program quality, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–224, §115(1), redesignated pars. (4) and (5) as (3) and (4), respectively, made technical amendments to capitalization of "Native" and "Hawaiian" in headings of pars. (1), (3), and (4) of original Act requiring no change in text and to reference in par. (4) of original Act which appears in text as reference to section 7517 of this title, and struck out former par. (3) which defined "Indian", "Indian tribe", and "tribal organization" as having the meanings given those terms in section 5304 of title 25.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–224, §115(2)(A), substituted "Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations," for "Indian tribes, tribal organizations,".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–224, §115(2)(B)(iii), (iv), made technical amendment to references in original Act which appear in text as references to section 5321 of title 25 and sections 5345, 5346, and 5347 of title 25.

Pub. L. 115–224, §115(2)(B)(i), (ii), substituted "Indian tribes and tribal organizations" for "Indian tribes and tribal organizations" in heading of original Act which appears in heading as "Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations" and substituted "Indian Tribe or Tribal organization" for "Indian tribe or tribal organization" in text.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–224, §115(2)(C), substituted "Bureau of Indian Education" for "Bureau of Indian Affairs" in heading and text and substituted "An Indian Tribe, a Tribal organization," for "An Indian tribe, a tribal organization,".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 115–224, §115(2)(D), substituted "Bureau of Indian Education" for "Bureau of Indian Affairs" wherever appearing and "Director of the Bureau of Indian Education" for "Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs".

Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 115–224, §115(2)(E), substituted "Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, and individual Tribal members" for "Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and individual tribal members".

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 115–224, §115(2)(F), substituted "Indian Tribe, Tribal organization," for "Indian tribe, tribal organization," in two places.

Subsec. (c)(2), (3). Pub. L. 115–224, §115(3), added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

Subsecs. (d) to (g). Pub. L. 115–224, §115(4)–(7), substituted "Tribe" for "tribe" and "Tribal" for "tribal" wherever appearing.

2015—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 114–95 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7517 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

§2327. Tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions

(a) Grant program

Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary shall make grants under this section, to provide basic support for the education and training of Indian students, to tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions that are not receiving Federal assistance as of the date on which the grant is provided under—

(1) title I of the Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities Assistance Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 1802 et seq.); or

(2) the Navajo Community College Act (Public Law 92–189; 85 Stat. 646).

(b) Uses of grants

Amounts made available under this section shall be used for career and technical education programs for Indian students and for the institutional support costs of the grant, including the expenses described in subsection (e).

(c) Amount of grants

(1) In general

If the sums appropriated for any fiscal year for grants under this section are not sufficient to pay in full the total amount which approved applicants are eligible to receive under this section for such fiscal year, the Secretary shall first allocate to each such applicant who received funds under this part for the preceding fiscal year an amount equal to 100 percent of the product of the per capita payment for the preceding fiscal year and such applicant's Indian student count for the current program year, plus an amount equal to the actual cost of any increase to the per capita figure resulting from inflationary increases to necessary costs beyond the institution's control.

(2) Per capita determination

For the purposes of paragraph (1), the per capita payment for any fiscal year shall be determined by dividing the amount available for grants to tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions under this section for such program year by the sum of the Indian student counts of such institutions for such program year. The Secretary shall, on the basis of the most accurate data available from the institutions, compute the Indian student count for any fiscal year for which such count was not used for the purpose of making allocations under this section.

(3) Indirect costs

Notwithstanding any other provision of law or regulation, the Secretary shall not require the use of a restricted indirect cost rate for grants issued under this section.

(d) Applications

To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, a tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution that is not receiving Federal assistance under title I of the Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities Assistance Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 1802 et seq.) or the Navajo Community College Act (Public Law 92–189; 85 Stat. 646) shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.

(e) Expenses

(1) In general

The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, provide for each program year to each tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution having an application approved by the Secretary, an amount necessary to pay expenses associated with—

(A) the maintenance and operation of the program, including development costs, costs of basic and special instruction (including special programs for individuals with disabilities and academic instruction), materials, student costs, administrative expenses, boarding costs, transportation, student services, daycare and family support programs for students and their families (including contributions to the costs of education for dependents), and student stipends;

(B) capital expenditures, including operations and maintenance, and minor improvements and repair, and physical plant maintenance costs, for the conduct of programs funded under this section;

(C) costs associated with repair, upkeep, replacement, and upgrading of the instructional equipment; and

(D) institutional support of career and technical education.

(2) Accounting

Each institution receiving a grant under this section shall provide annually to the Secretary an accurate and detailed accounting of the institution's operating and maintenance expenses and such other information concerning costs as the Secretary may reasonably require.

(f) Other programs

(1) In general

Except as specifically provided in this chapter, eligibility for assistance under this section shall not preclude any tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution from receiving Federal financial assistance under any program authorized under the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.], or under any other applicable program for the benefit of institutions of higher education or career and technical education.

(2) Prohibition on alteration of grant amount

The amount of any grant for which tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions are eligible under this section shall not be altered because of funds allocated to any such institution from funds appropriated under section 13 of title 25.

(3) Prohibition on contract denial

No tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution for which an Indian Tribe has designated a portion of the funds appropriated for the Tribe from funds appropriated under section 13 of title 25, may be denied a contract for such portion under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act [25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.] (except as provided in that Act), or denied appropriate contract support to administer such portion of the appropriated funds.

(g) Complaint resolution procedure

The Secretary shall establish (after consultation with tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions) a complaint resolution procedure for grant determinations and calculations under this section for tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions.

(h) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Indian; Indian Tribe

The terms "Indian" and "Indian Tribe" have the meanings given the terms "Indian" and "Indian tribe", respectively, in section 2 of the Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities Assistance Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 1801).

(2) Indian student count

(A) In general

The term "Indian student count" means a number equal to the total number of Indian students enrolled in each tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution, as determined in accordance with subparagraph (B).

(B) Determination

(i) Enrollment

For each academic year, the Indian student count shall be determined on the basis of the enrollments of Indian students as in effect at the conclusion of—

(I) in the case of the fall term, the third week of the fall term; and

(II) in the case of the spring term, the third week of the spring term.

(ii) Calculation

For each academic year, the Indian student count for a tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution shall be the quotient obtained by dividing—

(I) the sum of the credit hours of all Indian students enrolled in the tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution (as determined under clause (i)); by

(II) 12.

(iii) Summer term

Any credit earned in a class offered during a summer term shall be counted in the determination of the Indian student count for the succeeding fall term.

(iv) Students without secondary school degrees

(I) In general

A credit earned at a tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution by any Indian student that has not obtained a secondary school degree (or the recognized equivalent of such a degree) shall be counted toward the determination of the Indian student count if the institution at which the student is enrolled has established criteria for the admission of the student on the basis of the ability of the student to benefit from the education or training of the institution.

(II) Presumption

The institution shall be presumed to have established the criteria described in subclause (I) if the admission procedures for the institution include counseling or testing that measures the aptitude of a student to successfully complete a course in which the student is enrolled.

(III) Credits toward secondary school degree

No credit earned by an Indian student for the purpose of obtaining a secondary school degree (or the recognized equivalent of such a degree) shall be counted toward the determination of the Indian student count under this clause.

(v) Continuing education programs

Any credit earned by an Indian student in a continuing education program of a tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution shall be included in the determination of the sum of all credit hours of the student if the credit is converted to a credit hour basis in accordance with the system of the institution for providing credit for participation in the program.

(i) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—

(1) $9,762,539 for fiscal year 2019;

(2) $9,899,215 for fiscal year 2020;

(3) $10,037,804 for fiscal year 2021;

(4) $10,178,333 for fiscal year 2022;

(5) $10,320,829 for fiscal year 2023; and

(6) $10,465,321 for fiscal year 2024.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §117, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 710; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, §941(j)(2), (k)(2)(D)(ii), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3465, 3466; Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §116, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1599.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities Assistance Act of 1978, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (d), is Pub. L. 95–471, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1325. Title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§1802 et seq.) of chapter 20 of Title 25, Indians. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1801 of Title 25 and Tables.

The Navajo Community College Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (d), is Pub. L. 92–189, Dec. 15, 1971, 85 Stat. 646, which was classified to section 640a et seq. of Title 25, Indians, and was omitted from the Code as being of special and not general application.

The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, which is classified generally to chapter 28 (§1001 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.

The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(3), is Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, which is classified principally to chapter 46 (§5301 et seq.) of Title 25, Indians. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 25 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2327, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §117, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3097; amended Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title III, §310], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-46; Pub. L. 107–20, title II, §2701(a), July 24, 2001, 115 Stat. 181, related to tribally controlled postsecondary vocational and technical institutions, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2327, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §117, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §116, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 772, related to program evaluation and improvement, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2018—Subsecs. (a)(2), (d). Pub. L. 115–224, §116(1), (2), substituted "(Public Law 92–189; 85 Stat. 646)" for "(25 U.S.C. 640a et seq.)".

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 115–224, §116(3), substituted "Tribe" for "tribe" in two places.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 115–224, §116(4), substituted "Indian tribe" for "indian tribe" in heading of original Act which appears in heading as "Indian Tribe" and substituted "terms 'Indian' and 'Indian Tribe' have the meanings given the terms 'Indian' and 'Indian tribe', respectively, in" for "terms 'Indian' and 'Indian tribe' have the meanings given the terms in" in text.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 115–224, §116(5), added subsec. (i) and struck out former subsec. (i) which authorized appropriations as necessary for fiscal years 2007 through 2012.

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–315, §941(j)(2)(A), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, make grants pursuant to this section to tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions that are not receiving Federal support under the Tribally Controlled College or University Assistance Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) or the Navajo Community College Act (25 U.S.C. 640a et seq.) to provide basic support for the education and training of Indian students."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–315, §941(j)(2)(B), added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Any tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institution that is not receiving Federal support under the Tribally Controlled College or University Assistance Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) or the Navajo Community College Act (25 U.S.C. 640a et seq.) that desires to receive a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary in such manner and form as the Secretary may require."

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, §941(k)(2)(D)(ii), substituted "the Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities Assistance Act of 1978" for "the Tribally Controlled College or University Assistance Act of 1978".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2328. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §117, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1599

Section, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §118, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 713; amended Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §512(e)(1), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1706, Pub. L. 115 related to occupational and employment information and grants to States.

A prior section 2328, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §118, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3100, related to occupational and employment information, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2328, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §118, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §116, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 773, related to criteria for services and activities for individuals who are members of special populations, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

A prior section 2331, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §201, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 776, related to State programs and State leadership activities, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Another prior section 2331 and prior sections 2332 to 2334 were omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 101–392.

Section 2331, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §201, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2450; amended Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2401(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 324, related to use of a portion of a State's allotment to provide vocational education services and activities to meet special needs of handicapped individuals, disadvantaged individuals, single parents, homemakers, or single pregnant women, and other groups.

Section 2332, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §202, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2452; amended Pub. L. 100–202, §101(h) [title III, §300], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–256, 1329-279; Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2401(b), (c), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 324, related to distribution of assistance from State allotment to provide vocational education opportunities.

Section 2333, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §203, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2453; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §705, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 905, related to allocation within individual States of the funds available for vocational education services and activities for the handicapped.

Section 2334, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §204, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2454; amended Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1142, related to criteria for services and activities for the handicapped and for the disadvantaged.

Prior sections 2335 to 2336 were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2335, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §221, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 777, related to programs for single parents, displaced homemakers, and single pregnant women.

Section 2335a, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §222, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 778, related to sex equity programs.

Section 2335b, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §223, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 778, related to competitive award of amounts and evaluation of programs.

Section 2336, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §225, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 778, related to programs for criminal offenders.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment note under section 2301 of this title.

Part B—State Provisions

§2341. State administration

(a) Eligible agency responsibilities

The responsibilities of an eligible agency under this subchapter shall include—

(1) coordination of the development, submission, and implementation of the State plan, and the evaluation of the program, services, and activities assisted under this subchapter, including preparation for non-traditional fields;

(2) consultation with the Governor and appropriate agencies, groups, and individuals including teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, paraprofessionals, school leaders, authorized public chartering agencies and charter school leaders (consistent with State law), employers, representatives of business (including small businesses), labor organizations, eligible recipients, local program administrators, State and local officials, Indian Tribes or Tribal organizations present in the State, parents, students, and community organizations;

(3) convening and meeting as an eligible agency (consistent with State law and procedure for the conduct of such meetings) at such time as the eligible agency determines necessary to carry out the eligible agency's responsibilities under this subchapter, but not less than 4 times annually; and

(4) the adoption of such procedures as the eligible agency considers necessary to—

(A) implement State level coordination with the activities undertaken by the State boards under section 3111 of title 29; and

(B) make available to the one-stop delivery system under section 3151 of title 29 within the State a listing of all school dropout, postsecondary education, and adult programs assisted under this subchapter.

(b) Exception

Except with respect to the responsibilities set forth in subsection (a), the eligible agency may delegate any of the other responsibilities of the eligible agency that involve the administration, operation, or supervision of activities assisted under this subchapter, in whole or in part, to 1 or more appropriate State agencies.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §121, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 715; amended Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §512(e)(2), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1706; Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §121, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1599.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2341, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §121, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3102, related to State administration, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2341 and prior sections 2341a to 2341c were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2341, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §231, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 779; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §391(s)(4), (5), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4025; Pub. L. 104–193, title I, §110(i)(1), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2172, related to distribution of funds to secondary school programs. See section 2351 of this title.

Another prior section 2341, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §251, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2455; amended Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6132, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1511, related to the uses of the portion of a State's allotment available for vocational education program improvement, innovation, and expansion, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter II of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–392.

Section 2341a, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §232, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 781; amended Pub. L. 103–208, §4, Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2487; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §351(a)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3966; Pub. L. 104–193, title I, §110(i)(2), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2172, related to distribution of funds to postsecondary and adult programs. See section 2352 of this title.

Section 2341b, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §233, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 782, related to special rule for minimal allocations. See section 2353 of this title.

Section 2341c, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §234, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 783, related to reallocations. See section 2353 of this title.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–224 substituted "teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, paraprofessionals, school leaders, authorized public chartering agencies and charter school leaders (consistent with State law), employers, representatives of business (including small businesses), labor organizations, eligible recipients, local program administrators, State and local officials, Indian Tribes or Tribal organizations present in the State, parents, students, and community organizations;" for "parents, students, teachers, teacher and faculty preparation programs, representatives of businesses (including small businesses), labor organizations, eligible recipients, State and local officials, and local program administrators, involved in the planning, administration, evaluation, and coordination of programs funded under this subchapter;".

2014—Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 113–128, §512(e)(2)(A), substituted "activities undertaken by the State boards under section 3111 of title 29" for "activities undertaken by the State boards under section 2821 of title 29".

Subsec. (a)(4)(B). Pub. L. 113–128, §512(e)(2)(B), substituted "the one-stop delivery system under section 3151 of title 29" for "the service delivery system under section 2841 of title 29".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.

§2342. State plan

(a) State plan

(1) In general

Each eligible agency desiring assistance under this subchapter for any fiscal year shall prepare and submit to the Secretary a State plan for a 4-year period, consistent with subsection (b) and paragraph (5), together with such annual revisions as the eligible agency determines to be necessary, except that, during the period described in section 2303 of this title, each eligible agency may submit a transition plan that shall fulfill the eligible agency's obligation to submit a State plan under this section for the first fiscal year following July 31, 2018.

(2) Revisions

Each eligible agency—

(A) may submit such annual revisions of the State plan to the Secretary as the eligible agency determines to be necessary; and

(B) shall, after the second year of the 4-year period, conduct a review of activities assisted under this subchapter and submit any revisions of the State plan that the eligible agency determines necessary to the Secretary.

(3) Hearing process

The eligible agency shall conduct public hearings in the State, after appropriate and sufficient notice, for the purpose of affording all segments of the public and interested organizations and groups (including teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, paraprofessionals, school leaders, authorized public chartering agencies and charter school leaders (consistent with State law), employers, labor organizations, parents, students, Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations that may be present in the State, and community organizations), an opportunity to present their views and make recommendations regarding the State plan. A summary of such recommendations and the eligible agency's response to such recommendations shall be included in the State plan.

(4) Public comment

Each eligible agency shall make the State plan publicly available for public comment for a period of not less than 30 days, by electronic means and in an easily accessible format, prior to submission to the Secretary for approval under this subsection. In the plan the eligible agency files under this subsection, the eligible agency shall provide an assurance that public comments were taken into account in the development of the State plan.

(5) Optional submission of subsequent plans

An eligible agency may, after the first 4-year State plan is submitted under this section, submit subsequent 4-year plans not later than 120 days prior to the end of the 4-year period covered by the preceding State plan or, if an eligible agency chooses not to submit a State plan for a subsequent 4-year period, the eligible agency shall submit, and the Secretary shall approve, annual revisions to the State determined levels of performance in the same manner as revisions submitted and approved under section 2323(b)(3)(A)(ii) of this title.

(b) Options for submission of State plan

(1) Combined plan

The eligible agency may submit a combined plan that meets the requirements of this section and the requirements of section 3113 of title 29.

(2) Notice to Secretary

The eligible agency shall inform the Secretary of whether the eligible agency intends to submit a combined plan described in paragraph (1) or a single plan.

(c) Plan development

(1) In general

The eligible agency shall—

(A) develop the State plan in consultation with—

(i) representatives of secondary and postsecondary career and technical education programs, including eligible recipients and representatives of 2-year minority-serving institutions and historically Black colleges and universities and tribally controlled colleges or universities in States where such institutions are in existence, adult career and technical education providers, and charter school representatives in States where such schools are in existence, which shall include teachers, faculty, school leaders, specialized instructional support personnel, career and academic guidance counselors, and paraprofessionals;

(ii) interested community representatives, including parents, students, and community organizations;

(iii) representatives of the State workforce development board established under section 3111 of title 29 (referred to in this section as the "State board");

(iv) members and representatives of special populations;

(v) representatives of business and industry (including representatives of small business), which shall include representatives of industry and sector partnerships in the State, as appropriate, and representatives of labor organizations in the State;

(vi) representatives of agencies serving out-of-school youth, homeless children and youth, and at-risk youth, including the State Coordinator for Education of Homeless Children and Youths established or designated under section 11432(d)(3) of title 42;

(vii) representatives of Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations located in, or providing services in, the State; and

(viii) individuals with disabilities; and

(B) consult the Governor of the State, and the heads of other State agencies with authority for career and technical education programs that are not the eligible agency, with respect to the development of the State plan.

(2) Activities and procedures

The eligible agency shall develop effective activities and procedures, including access to information needed to use such procedures, to allow the individuals and entities described in paragraph (1) to participate in State and local decisions that relate to development of the State plan.

(3) Consultation with the Governor

The consultation described in paragraph (1)(B) shall include meetings of officials from the eligible agency and the Governor's office and shall occur—

(A) during the development of such plan; and

(B) prior to submission of the plan to the Secretary.

(d) Plan contents

The State plan shall include—

(1) a summary of State-supported workforce development activities (including education and training) in the State, including the degree to which the State's career and technical education programs and programs of study are aligned with and address the education and skill needs of the employers in the State identified by the State board;

(2) the State's strategic vision and set of goals for preparing an educated and skilled workforce (including special populations) and for meeting the skilled workforce needs of employers, including in existing and emerging in-demand industry sectors and occupations as identified by the State, and how the State's career and technical education programs will help to meet these goals;

(3) a strategy for any joint planning, alignment, coordination, and leveraging of funds—

(A) between the State's career and technical education programs and programs of study with the State's workforce development system, to achieve the strategic vision and goals described in paragraph (2), including the core programs defined in section 3102 of title 29 and the elements related to system alignment under section 3112(b)(2)(B) of title 29; and

(B) for programs carried out under this subchapter with other Federal programs, which may include programs funded under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.] and the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.];

(4) a description of the career and technical education programs or programs of study that will be supported, developed, or improved at the State level, including descriptions of—

(A) the programs of study to be developed at the State level and made available for adoption by eligible recipients;

(B) the process and criteria to be used for approving locally developed programs of study or career pathways, including how such programs address State workforce development and education needs and the criteria to assess the extent to which the local application under section 2352 of this title will—

(i) promote continuous improvement in academic achievement and technical skill attainment;

(ii) expand access to career and technical education for special populations; and

(iii) support the inclusion of employability skills in programs of study and career pathways;

(C) how the eligible agency will—

(i) make information on approved programs of study and career pathways (including career exploration, work-based learning opportunities, early college high schools, and dual or concurrent enrollment program opportunities) and guidance and advisement resources, available to students (and parents, as appropriate), representatives of secondary and postsecondary education, and special populations, and to the extent practicable, provide that information and those resources in a language students, parents, and educators can understand;

(ii) facilitate collaboration among eligible recipients in the development and coordination of career and technical education programs and programs of study and career pathways that include multiple entry and exit points;

(iii) use State, regional, or local labor market data to determine alignment of eligible recipients' programs of study to the needs of the State, regional, or local economy, including in-demand industry sectors and occupations identified by the State board, and to align career and technical education with such needs, as appropriate;

(iv) ensure equal access to approved career and technical education programs of study and activities assisted under this chapter for special populations;

(v) coordinate with the State board to support the local development of career pathways and articulate processes by which career pathways will be developed by local workforce development boards, as appropriate;

(vi) support effective and meaningful collaboration between secondary schools, postsecondary institutions, and employers to provide students with experience in, and understanding of, all aspects of an industry, which may include work-based learning such as internships, mentorships, simulated work environments, and other hands-on or inquiry-based learning activities; and

(vii) improve outcomes and reduce performance gaps for CTE concentrators, including those who are members of special populations; and

(D) how the eligible agency may include the opportunity for secondary school students to participate in dual or concurrent enrollment programs, early college high school, or competency-based education;

(5) a description of the criteria and process for how the eligible agency will approve eligible recipients for funds under this chapter, including how—

(A) each eligible recipient will promote academic achievement;

(B) each eligible recipient will promote skill attainment, including skill attainment that leads to a recognized postsecondary credential; and

(C) each eligible recipient will ensure the comprehensive needs assessment under section 2354(c) of this title takes into consideration local economic and education needs, including, where appropriate, in-demand industry sectors and occupations;

(6) a description of how the eligible agency will support the recruitment and preparation of teachers, including special education teachers, faculty, school principals, administrators, specialized instructional support personnel, and paraprofessionals to provide career and technical education instruction, leadership, and support, including professional development that provides the knowledge and skills needed to work with and improve instruction for special populations;

(7) a description of how the eligible agency will use State leadership funds under section 2344 of this title;

(8) a description of how funds received by the eligible agency through the allotment made under section 2321 of this title will be distributed—

(A) among career and technical education at the secondary level, or career and technical education at the postsecondary and adult level, or both, including how such distribution will most effectively provide students with the skills needed to succeed in the workplace; and

(B) among any consortia that may be formed among secondary schools and eligible institutions, and how funds will be distributed among the members of the consortia, including the rationale for such distribution and how it will most effectively provide students with the skills needed to succeed in the workplace;

(9) a description of the eligible agency's program strategies for special populations, including a description of how individuals who are members of special populations—

(A) will be provided with equal access to activities assisted under this chapter;

(B) will not be discriminated against on the basis of status as a member of a special population;

(C) will be provided with programs designed to enable individuals who are members of special populations to meet or exceed State determined levels of performance described in section 2323 of this title, and prepare special populations for further learning and for high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand industry sectors or occupations;

(D) will be provided with appropriate accommodations; and

(E) will be provided instruction and work-based learning opportunities in integrated settings that support competitive, integrated employment;

(10) a description of the procedure the eligible agency will adopt for determining State determined levels of performance described in section 2323 of this title, which, at a minimum, shall include—

(A) a description of the process for public comment under section 2323(b)(3)(B) of this title as part of the development of the State determined levels of performance under section 2323(b) of this title;

(B) an explanation of the State determined levels of performance; and

(C) a description of how the State determined levels of performance set by the eligible agency align with the levels, goals, and objectives of other Federal and State laws;

(11) a description of how the eligible agency will address disparities or gaps in performance, as described in section 2323(b)(3)(C)(ii)(II) of this title, in each of the plan years, and if no meaningful progress has been achieved prior to the third program year, a description of the additional actions the eligible agency will take to eliminate these disparities or gaps;

(12) describes ¹ how the eligible agency will involve parents, academic and career and technical education teachers, administrators, faculty, career guidance and academic counselors, local business (including small businesses), labor organizations, and representatives of Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations, as appropriate, in the planning, development, implementation, and evaluation of such career and technical education programs; and ²

(13) assurances that—

(A) the eligible agency will comply with the requirements of this chapter and the provisions of the State plan, including the provision of a financial audit of funds received under this chapter, which may be included as part of an audit of other Federal or State programs;

(B) none of the funds expended under this chapter will be used to acquire equipment (including computer software) in any instance in which such acquisition results in a direct financial benefit to any organization representing the interests of the acquiring entity or the employees of the acquiring entity, or any affiliate of such an organization;

(C) the eligible agency will use the funds to promote preparation for high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand industry sectors or occupations and non-traditional fields, as identified by the eligible agency;

(D) the eligible agency will use the funds provided under this chapter to implement career and technical education programs and programs of study for individuals in State correctional institutions, including juvenile justice facilities; and

(E) the eligible agency will provide local educational agencies, area career and technical education schools, and eligible institutions in the State with technical assistance, including technical assistance on how to close gaps in student participation and performance in career and technical education programs; and

(14) a description of the opportunities for the public to comment in person and in writing on the State plan under this subsection.

(e) Consultation

(1) In general

The eligible agency shall develop the portion of each State plan relating to the amount and uses of any funds proposed to be reserved for adult career and technical education, postsecondary career and technical education, and secondary career and technical education after consultation with—

(A) the State agency responsible for supervision of community colleges, technical institutes, other 2-year postsecondary institutions primarily engaged in providing postsecondary career and technical education, or, where applicable, institutions of higher education that are engaged in providing postsecondary career and technical education as part of their mission;

(B) the State agency responsible for secondary education; and

(C) the State agency responsible for adult education.

(2) Objections of State agencies

If a State agency other than the eligible agency finds that a portion of the final State plan is objectionable, that objection shall be filed together with the State plan. The eligible agency shall respond to any objections of such State agency in the State plan submitted to the Secretary.

(3) Joint signature authority

A Governor shall have 30 days prior to the eligible agency submitting the State plan to the Secretary to sign such plan. If the Governor has not signed the plan within 30 days of delivery by the eligible agency to the Governor, the eligible agency shall submit the plan to the Secretary without such signature.

(f) Plan approval

(1) In general

Not later than 120 days after the eligible agency submits its State plan, the Secretary shall approve such State plan, or a revision of the plan under subsection (a)(2) (including a revision of State determined levels of performance in accordance with section 2323(b)(3)(A)(iii) of this title), if the Secretary determines that the State has submitted in its State plan State determined levels of performance that meet the criteria established in section 2323(b)(3) of this title, including the minimum requirements described in section 2323(b)(3)(A)(i)(III) of this title, unless the Secretary—

(A) determines that the State plan does not meet the requirements of this chapter, including the minimum requirements as described in section 2323(b)(3)(A)(i)(III) of this title; and

(B) meets the requirements of paragraph (2) with respect to such plan.

(2) Disapproval

The Secretary—

(A) shall have the authority to disapprove a State plan only if the Secretary—

(i) determines how the State plan fails to meet the requirements of this chapter; and

(ii) provides to the eligible agency, in writing, notice of such determination and the supporting information and rationale to substantiate such determination; and

(B) shall not finally disapprove a State plan, except after making the determination and providing the information described in subparagraph (A), and giving the eligible agency notice and an opportunity for a hearing.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §122, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 715; amended Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §512(e)(3), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1706; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(n)(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2169; Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §122, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1600.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(B), is Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§6601 et seq.) of chapter 70 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(B), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§1021 et seq.) of chapter 28 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2342, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §122, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3102, related to State plan, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2342, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §235, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 783, related to uses of funds, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Another prior section 2342, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §252, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2457, related to criteria for program improvement, innovation, and expansion, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter II of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–392.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–224, §122(1)(A), substituted "4-year period, consistent with subsection (b) and paragraph (5)," for "6-year period," and "July 31, 2018" for "August 12, 2006".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §122(1)(B), substituted "4-year period" for "6-year period".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 115–224, §122(1)(C), substituted "(including teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, paraprofessionals, school leaders, authorized public chartering agencies and charter school leaders (consistent with State law), employers, labor organizations, parents, students, Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations that may be present in the State, and community organizations)" for "(including charter school authorizers and organizers consistent with State law, employers, labor organizations, parents, students, and community organizations)".

Subsec. (a)(4), (5). Pub. L. 115–224, §122(1)(D), added pars. (4) and (5).

Subsecs. (b) to (f). Pub. L. 115–224, §122(2), added subsecs. (b) to (f) and struck out former subsecs. (b) to (e) which related to development, contents, options, and approval of State plans.

2015—Subsec. (c)(1)(I)(i). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(n)(6)(A), substituted "aligned with challenging State academic standards adopted by the State under section 1111(b)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965" for "aligned with rigorous and challenging academic content standards and student academic achievement standards adopted by the State under section 1111(b)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965".

Subsec. (c)(7)(A)(i). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(n)(6)(B), substituted "a well-rounded education (as defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965)" for "the core academic subjects (as defined in section 9101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965)".

2014—Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(viii). Pub. L. 113–128, §512(e)(3)(A), substituted "entities participating in activities described in section 3111 of title 29" for "entities participating in activities described in section 2821 of title 29".

Subsec. (c)(20). Pub. L. 113–128, §512(e)(3)(B), substituted "the description and information specified in subparagraphs (B) and (C)(iii) of section 3112(b)(2), and, as appropriate, section 3113(b)(3)(A), and section 3151(c), of title 29 concerning the provision of services only for postsecondary students and school dropouts" for "the description and information specified in sections 2822(b)(8) and 2841(c) of title 29 concerning the provision of services only for postsecondary students and school dropouts".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 113–128, §512(e)(3)(C), substituted "combined plan" for "501 plan" in heading and "as part of the plan submitted under section 3113 of title 29" for "as part of the plan submitted under section 501 of Public Law 105–220" in text.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.

¹ So in original. Probably should be "a description of".

² So in original. The word "and" probably should not appear.

§2343. Improvement plans

(a) State program improvement

(1) Plan

If a State fails to meet at least 90 percent of the State determined level of performance for any of the core indicators of performance described in 2323(b)(2) ¹ of this title for all CTE concentrators, the eligible agency shall develop and implement a program improvement plan (that includes an analysis of the performance disparities or gaps identified under section 2323(b)(3)(C)(ii)(II) of this title, and actions that will be taken to address such gaps) in consultation with the appropriate agencies, individuals, and organizations during the first program year succeeding the program year for which the eligible agency failed to so meet the State determined level of performance for any of the core indicators of performance.

(2) Technical assistance

If the Secretary determines that an eligible agency is not properly implementing the eligible agency's responsibilities under section 2342 of this title, or is not making substantial progress in meeting the purposes of this section, including after implementation of the improvement plan described in paragraph (1),,² based on the State determined levels of performance, the Secretary shall work with the eligible agency to implement the improvement activities consistent with the requirements of this chapter.

(3) Subsequent action

(A) In general

The Secretary may, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, withhold from an eligible agency all, or a portion, of the eligible agency's allotment under paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 2322(a) of this title if the eligible agency—

(i) fails to implement an improvement plan as described in paragraph (1); or

(ii) with respect to any specific core indicator of performance that was identified in a program improvement plan under paragraph (1), fails to meet at least 90 percent of a State determined level of performance for such core indicator for 2 consecutive years after the eligible agency has been identified for improvement under such paragraph.

(B) Waiver for exceptional circumstances

The Secretary may waive the sanction in subparagraph (A) due to exceptional or uncontrollable circumstances, such as a natural disaster or a precipitous and unforeseen decline in the financial resources of the State.

(4) Funds resulting from reduced allotments

The Secretary shall use funds withheld under paragraph (3) for a State served by an eligible agency to provide technical assistance, to assist in the development of an improved State improvement plan, or for other improvement activities consistent with the requirements of this chapter for such State.

(5) Adjustments prohibited

An eligible agency shall not be eligible to adjust performance levels while executing an improvement plan under this section.

(b) Local program improvement

(1) Local evaluation

Each eligible agency shall evaluate annually, using the local levels of performance described in section 2323(b)(4) of this title, the career and technical education activities of each eligible recipient receiving funds under this subchapter.

(2) Plan

If, after reviewing the evaluation in paragraph (1), the eligible agency determines that an eligible recipient failed to meet at least 90 percent of an agreed upon local level of performance for any of the core indicators of performance described in section 2323(b)(4) of this title for all CTE concentrators, the eligible recipient shall develop and implement a program improvement plan (that includes an analysis of the performance disparities or gaps identified under section 2323(b)(3)(C)(ii)(II) of this title, and actions that will be taken to address such gaps) in consultation with local stakeholders described in section 2354(d)(1) of this title, the eligible agency, and appropriate agencies, individuals, and organizations during the first program year succeeding the program year for which the eligible recipient failed to so meet any of the local levels of performance for any of the core indicators of performance.

(3) Technical assistance

If the eligible agency determines that an eligible recipient is not properly implementing the eligible recipient's responsibilities under section 2354 of this title, or is not making substantial progress in meeting the purposes of this chapter, based on the local levels of performance, the eligible agency shall work with the eligible recipient to implement improvement activities consistent with the requirements of this chapter.

(4) Subsequent action

(A) In general

The eligible agency may, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, withhold from the eligible recipient all, or a portion, of the eligible recipient's allotment under this subchapter if the eligible recipient—

(i) fails to implement an improvement plan as described in paragraph (2); or

(ii) with respect to any specific core indicator of performance that was identified in a program improvement plan under paragraph (2), fails to meet at least 90 percent of the local level of performance for such core indicator for 2 consecutive years after the eligible recipient has been identified for improvement under such paragraph.

(B) Waiver for exceptional circumstances

In determining whether to impose sanctions under subparagraph (A), the eligible agency may waive imposing sanctions—

(i) due to exceptional or uncontrollable circumstances, such as a natural disaster or a precipitous and unforeseen decline in the financial resources of the eligible recipient;

(ii) based on the impact on the eligible recipient's reported performance of the small size of the career and technical education program operated by the eligible recipient; or

(iii) in response to a public request from an eligible recipient, if the eligible agency determines that the requirements described in clause (i) or (ii) have been met.

(5) Funds resulting from reduced allotments

The eligible agency shall use funds withheld under paragraph (4) from an eligible recipient to provide (through alternative arrangements) services and activities to students within the area served by such recipient to meet the purposes of this chapter.

(6) Adjustments prohibited

An eligible recipient shall not be eligible to adjust performance levels while executing an improvement plan under this section.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §123, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 721; amended Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §123, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1606.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2343, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §123, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3106, related to improvement plans, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2343, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §240, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 784, related to local applications, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–224, §123(1)(A), substituted "percent of the" for "percent of an agreed upon", "State determined level of performance" for "State adjusted level of performance" in two places, "2323(b)(2) of this title for all CTE concentrators" for "section 2323(b)(3) of this title", and "(that includes an analysis of the performance disparities or gaps identified under section 2323(b)(3)(C)(ii)(II) of this title, and actions that will be taken to address such gaps)" for "(with special consideration to performance gaps identified under section 2323(c)(2) of this title)".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–224, §123(1)(B), substituted "purposes of this section, including after implementation of the improvement plan described in paragraph (1)," for "purposes of this chapter" and "State determined levels of performance" for "State's adjusted levels of performance".

Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 115–224, §123(1)(C), added cl. (ii) and struck out former cls. (ii) and (iii) which read as follows:

"(ii) fails to make any improvement in meeting any of the State adjusted levels of performance for the core indicators of performance identified under paragraph (1) within the first program year of implementation of its improvement plan described in paragraph (1); or

"(iii) fails to meet at least 90 percent of an agreed upon State adjusted level of performance for the same core indicator of performance for 3 consecutive years."

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 115–224, §123(1)(D), added par. (5).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–224, §123(2)(A), substituted "local level" for "local adjusted level" and "local levels" for "local adjusted levels" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–224, §123(2)(B)(ii), which directed substitution of "(that includes an analysis of the performance disparities or gaps identified under section 2323(b)(3)(C)(ii)(II) of this title, and actions that will be taken to address such gaps) in consultation with local stakeholders described in section 2354(d)(1) of this title, the eligible agency, and" for "(with special consideration to performance gaps identified under section 2323(b)(4)(C)(ii)(II) of this title in consultation with the eligible agency,", was executed by making the substitution for text containing another closing parenthesis after "of this title", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 115–224, §123(2)(B)(i), inserted "for all CTE concentrators" after "section 2323(b)(4) of this title".

Subsec. (b)(4)(A)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 115–224, §123(2)(C)(i), added cl. (ii) and struck out former cls. (ii) and (iii) which read as follows:

"(ii) fails to make any improvement in meeting any of the local adjusted levels of performance for the core indicators of performance identified under paragraph (2) within the first program year of implementation of its improvement plan described in paragraph (2); or

"(iii) fails to meet at least 90 percent of an agreed upon local adjusted level of performance for the same core indicator of performance for 3 consecutive years."

Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 115–224, §123(2)(C)(ii), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 115–224, §123(2)(D), added par. (6).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

¹ So in original. Probably should be preceded by "section".

² So in original.

§2344. State leadership activities

(a) General authority

From amounts reserved under section 2322(a)(2) of this title, each eligible agency shall—

(1) conduct State leadership activities to improve career and technical education, which shall include support for—

(A) preparation for non-traditional fields in current and emerging professions, programs for special populations, and other activities that expose students, including special populations, to high-skill, high-wage, and in-demand occupations;

(B) individuals in State institutions, such as State correctional institutions, including juvenile justice facilities, and educational institutions that serve individuals with disabilities;

(C) recruiting, preparing, or retaining career and technical education teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, or paraprofessionals, such as preservice, professional development, or leadership development programs; and

(D) technical assistance for eligible recipients; and

(2) report on the effectiveness of such use of funds in achieving the goals described in section 2342(d)(2) of this title and the State determined levels of performance described in section 2323(b)(3)(A) of this title, and reducing disparities or performance gaps as described in section 2323(b)(3)(C)(ii)(II) of this title.

(b) Permissible uses of funds

The State leadership activities described in subsection (a) may include—

(1) developing statewide programs of study, which may include standards, curriculum, and course development, and career exploration, guidance, and advisement activities and resources;

(2) approving locally developed programs of study that meet the requirements established in section 2342(d)(4)(B) of this title;

(3) establishing statewide articulation agreements aligned to approved programs of study;

(4) establishing statewide industry or sector partnerships among local educational agencies, institutions of higher education, adult education providers, Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations that may be present in the State, employers, including small businesses, and parents, as appropriate to—

(A) develop and implement programs of study aligned to State and local economic and education needs, including, as appropriate, in-demand industry sectors and occupations;

(B) facilitate the establishment, expansion, and integration of opportunities for students at the secondary level to—

(i) successfully complete coursework that integrates rigorous and challenging technical and academic instruction aligned with the challenging State academic standards adopted by the State under section 1111(b)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6311(b)(1)]; and

(ii) earn a recognized postsecondary credential or credit toward a recognized postsecondary credential, which may be earned through a dual or concurrent enrollment program or early college high school, at no cost to the student or the student's family; and

(C) facilitate work-based learning opportunities (including internships, externships, and simulated work environments) into programs of study;

(5) for teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, and paraprofessionals providing career and technical education instruction, support services, and specialized instructional support services, high-quality comprehensive professional development that is, to the extent practicable, grounded in evidence-based research (to the extent a State determines that such evidence is reasonably available) that identifies the most effective educator professional development process and is coordinated and aligned with other professional development activities carried out by the State (including under title II of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6601 et seq.] and title II of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1021 et seq.]), including programming that—

(A) promotes the integration of the challenging State academic standards adopted by the State under section 1111(b)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6311(b)(1)] and relevant technical knowledge and skills, including programming jointly delivered to academic and career and technical education teachers;

(B) prepares career and technical education teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, and paraprofessionals to provide appropriate accommodations for students who are members of special populations, including through the use of principles of universal design for learning, multi-tier systems of supports, and positive behavioral interventions and support; and

(C) increases the ability of teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, and paraprofessionals providing career and technical education instruction to stay current with industry standards and earn an industry-recognized credential or license, as appropriate, including by assisting those with relevant industry experience in obtaining State teacher licensure or credential requirements;

(6) supporting eligible recipients in eliminating inequities in student access to—

(A) high-quality programs of study that provide skill development; and

(B) effective teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, and paraprofessionals;

(7) awarding incentive grants to eligible recipients—

(A) for exemplary performance in carrying out programs under this chapter, which awards shall be based on—

(i) eligible recipients exceeding the local level of performance on a core indicator of performance established under section 2323(b)(4)(A) of this title in a manner that reflects sustained or significant improvement;

(ii) eligible recipients effectively developing connections between secondary education and postsecondary education and training;

(iii) the integration of academic and technical standards;

(iv) eligible recipients' progress in closing achievement gaps among subpopulations who participate in programs of study; or

(v) other factors relating to the performance of eligible recipients under this chapter as the eligible agency determines are appropriate; or

(B) if an eligible recipient elects to use funds as permitted under section 2355(c) of this title;

(8) providing support for—

(A) the adoption and integration of recognized postsecondary credentials and work-based learning into programs of study, and for increasing data collection associated with recognized postsecondary credentials and employment outcomes; or

(B) consultation and coordination with other State agencies for the identification and examination of licenses or certifications that—

(i) pose an unwarranted barrier to entry into the workforce for career and technical education students; and

(ii) do not protect the health, safety, or welfare of consumers;

(9) the creation, implementation, and support of pay for success initiatives leading to a recognized postsecondary credential;

(10) support for career and technical education programs for adults and out-of-school youth concurrent with their completion of their secondary school education in a school or other educational setting;

(11) the creation, evaluation, and support of competency-based curricula;

(12) support for the development, implementation, and expansion of programs of study or career pathways in areas declared to be in a state of emergency under section 5191 of title 42;

(13) partnering with qualified intermediaries to improve training, the development of public-private partnerships, systems development, capacity-building, and scalability of the delivery of high-quality career and technical education;

(14) improvement of career guidance and academic counseling programs that assist students in making informed academic and career and technical education decisions, including academic and financial aid counseling;

(15) support for the integration of employability skills into career and technical education programs and programs of study;

(16) support for programs and activities that increase access, student engagement, and success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields (including computer science, coding, and architecture), support for the integration of arts and design skills, and support for hands-on learning, particularly for students who are members of groups underrepresented in such subject fields, such as female students, minority students, and students who are members of special populations;

(17) support for career and technical student organizations, especially with respect to efforts to increase the participation of students in nontraditional fields and students who are members of special populations;

(18) support for establishing and expanding work-based learning opportunities that are aligned to career and technical education programs and programs of study;

(19) integrating and aligning programs of study and career pathways;

(20) supporting the use of career and technical education programs and programs of study aligned with State, regional, or local high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand industry sectors or occupations identified by the State workforce development board described in section 3111 of title 29 or local workforce development boards;

(21) making all forms of instructional content widely available, which may include use of open educational resources;

(22) developing valid and reliable assessments of competencies and technical skills and enhancing data systems to collect and analyze data on secondary and postsecondary academic and employment outcomes;

(23) support for accelerated learning programs, as described in section 4104(b)(3)(A)(i)(IV) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 7114(b)(3)(A)(i)(IV)], in the case of any such program that is part of a career and technical education program of study;

(24) support for career academies to implement a postsecondary education and workforce-ready curriculum at the secondary education level that integrates rigorous academic, technical, and employability contents through career and technical education programs and programs of study that address needs described in the comprehensive needs assessment under section 2354(c) of this title; and

(25) other State leadership activities that improve career and technical education.

(c) Restriction on uses of funds

An eligible agency that receives funds under section 2322(a)(2) of this title may not use any of such funds for administrative costs, unless expressly authorized under subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §124, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 723; amended Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §512(e)(4), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1707; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(n)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2170; Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §124, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1608.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), is Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27, as amended. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§6601 et seq.) of chapter 70 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, as amended. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§1021 et seq.) of chapter 28 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2344, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §124, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3107, related to State leadership activities, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–224, §124(1), substituted "shall—" for "shall conduct State leadership activities." and added pars. (1) and (2).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–224, §124(2), substituted "Permissible" for "Required" in heading and "may" for "shall" in introductory provisions, added pars. (1) to (25), and struck out former pars. (1) to (9) which set out activities required to be included in State leadership activities.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 115–224, §124(3)–(5), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c), inserted ", unless expressly authorized under subsection (a)" before period at end, and struck out former subsec. (c) which set out permissible uses of funds for State leadership activities.

2015—Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted "a well-rounded education (as defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965)" for "the core academic subjects (as defined in section 9101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965)".

2014—Subsec. (c)(13). Pub. L. 113–128 substituted "such as through referral to the system established under section 3151 of title 29" for "such as through referral to the system established under section 2841 of title 29".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.

Part C—Local Provisions

§2351. Distribution of funds to secondary education programs

(a) Distribution rules

Except as provided in section 2353 of this title and as otherwise provided in this section, each eligible agency shall distribute the portion of funds made available under section 2322(a)(1) of this title to carry out this section to local educational agencies within the State as follows:

(1) Thirty percent

Thirty percent shall be allocated to such local educational agencies in proportion to the number of individuals aged 5 through 17, inclusive, who reside in the school district served by such local educational agency for the preceding fiscal year compared to the total number of such individuals who reside in the school districts served by all local educational agencies in the State for such preceding fiscal year, as determined on the basis of the most recent satisfactory—

(A) data provided to the Secretary by the Bureau of the Census for the purpose of determining eligibility under title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.]; or

(B) student membership data collected by the National Center for Education Statistics through the Common Core of Data survey system.

(2) Seventy percent

Seventy percent shall be allocated to such local educational agencies in proportion to the number of individuals aged 5 through 17, inclusive, who reside in the school district served by such local educational agency and are from families below the poverty level for the preceding fiscal year, as determined on the basis of the most recent satisfactory data used under section 1124(c)(1)(A) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6333(c)(1)(A)], compared to the total number of such individuals who reside in the school districts served by all the local educational agencies in the State for such preceding fiscal year.

(3) Adjustments

Each eligible agency, in making the allocations under paragraphs (1) and (2), shall adjust the data used to make the allocations to—

(A) reflect any change in school district boundaries that may have occurred since the data were collected; and

(B) include local educational agencies without geographical boundaries, such as charter schools and secondary schools funded by the Bureau of Indian Education.

(b) Waiver for more equitable distribution

The Secretary may waive the application of subsection (a) in the case of any eligible agency that submits to the Secretary an application for such a waiver that—

(1) demonstrates that a proposed alternative formula more effectively targets funds on the basis of poverty (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget and revised annually in accordance with section 9902(2) of title 42) to local educational agencies within the State than the formula described in subsection (a); and

(2) includes a proposal for such an alternative formula.

(c) Minimum allocation

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), a local educational agency shall not receive an allocation under subsection (a) unless the amount allocated to such agency under subsection (a) is greater than $15,000. A local educational agency may enter into a consortium with other local educational agencies for purposes of meeting the minimum allocation requirement of this paragraph.

(2) Waiver

The eligible agency shall waive the application of paragraph (1) in any case in which the local educational agency—

(A)(i) is located in a rural, sparsely populated area; or

(ii) is a public charter school operating secondary school career and technical education programs or programs of study; and

(B) demonstrates that the local educational agency is unable to enter into a consortium for purposes of providing activities under this part.

(3) Redistribution

Any amounts that are not allocated by reason of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) shall be redistributed to local educational agencies that meet the requirements of paragraph (1) or (2) in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(d) Limited jurisdiction agencies

(1) In general

In applying the provisions of subsection (a), no eligible agency receiving assistance under this subchapter shall allocate funds to a local educational agency that serves only elementary schools, but shall distribute such funds to the local educational agency or regional educational agency that provides secondary school services to secondary school students in the same attendance area.

(2) Special rule

The amount to be allocated under paragraph (1) to a local educational agency that has jurisdiction only over secondary schools shall be determined based on the number of students that entered such secondary schools in the previous year from the elementary schools involved.

(e) Allocations to area career and technical education schools and educational service agencies

(1) In general

Each eligible agency shall distribute the portion of funds made available under section 2322(a)(1) of this title for any fiscal year by such eligible agency for career and technical education activities at the secondary level under this section to the appropriate area career and technical education school or educational service agency in any case in which the area career and technical education school or educational service agency, and the local educational agency concerned—

(A) have formed or will form a consortium for the purpose of receiving funds under this section; or

(B) have entered into or will enter into a cooperative arrangement for such purpose.

(2) Allocation basis

If an area career and technical education school or educational service agency meets the requirements of paragraph (1), then the amount that would otherwise be distributed to the local educational agency shall be allocated to the area career and technical education school, the educational service agency, and the local educational agency based on each school, agency or entity's relative share of students who are attending career and technical education programs (based, if practicable, on the average enrollment for the preceding 3 years).

(3) Appeals procedure

The eligible agency shall establish an appeals procedure for resolution of any dispute arising between a local educational agency and an area career and technical education school or an educational service agency with respect to the allocation procedures described in this section, including the decision of a local educational agency to leave a consortium or terminate a cooperative arrangement.

(f) Consortium requirements

(1) Alliance

Any local educational agency receiving an allocation that is not sufficient to conduct a program which meets the requirements of section 2355 of this title is encouraged to—

(A) form a consortium or enter into a cooperative agreement with an area career and technical education school or educational service agency offering programs that meet the requirements of section 2355 of this title;

(B) transfer such allocation to the area career and technical education school or educational service agency; and

(C) operate programs that are of sufficient size, scope, and quality to be effective.

(2) Funds to consortium

Funds allocated to a consortium formed to meet the requirements of this subsection shall be used only for purposes and programs that are mutually beneficial to all members of the consortium and can be used only for programs authorized under this subchapter. Such funds may not be reallocated to individual members of the consortium for purposes or programs benefitting only 1 member of the consortium.

(g) Data

The Secretary shall collect information from eligible agencies regarding the specific dollar allocations made available by the eligible agency for career and technical education programs and programs of study under subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) and how these allocations are distributed to local educational agencies, area career and technical education schools, and educational service agencies, within the State in accordance with this section.

(h) Special rule

Each eligible agency distributing funds under this section shall treat a secondary school funded by the Bureau of Indian Education within the State as if such school were a local educational agency within the State for the purpose of receiving a distribution under this section.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §131, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 727; amended Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §131, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1612.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(A), is Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27. Title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§6301 et seq.) of chapter 70 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2351, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §131, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3109, related to distribution of funds to secondary school programs, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2351, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §301, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2457, related to applications by community-based organizations, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §131(1), substituted "Bureau of Indian Education" for "Bureau of Indian Affairs".

Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 115–224, §131(2), inserted "or programs of study" after "technical education programs".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 115–224, §131(3), inserted "and programs of study" after "technical education programs".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 115–224, §131(4), substituted "Bureau of Indian Education" for "Bureau of Indian Affairs".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2352. Distribution of funds for postsecondary education programs

(a) Allocation

(1) In general

Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) and section 2353 of this title, each eligible agency shall distribute the portion of the funds made available under section 2322(a)(1) of this title to carry out this section for any fiscal year to eligible institutions or consortia of eligible institutions within the State.

(2) Formula

Each eligible institution or consortium of eligible institutions shall be allocated an amount that bears the same relationship to the portion of funds made available under section 2322(a)(1) of this title to carry out this section for any fiscal year as the sum of the number of individuals who are Federal Pell Grant recipients and recipients of assistance from the Bureau of Indian Affairs enrolled in programs meeting the requirements of section 2355 of this title offered by such institution or consortium in the preceding fiscal year bears to the sum of the number of such recipients enrolled in such programs within the State for such year.

(3) Consortium requirements

(A) In general

In order for a consortium of eligible institutions described in paragraph (2) to receive assistance pursuant to such paragraph, such consortium shall operate joint projects that—

(i) provide services to all postsecondary institutions participating in the consortium; and

(ii) are of sufficient size, scope, and quality to be effective.

(B) Funds to consortium

Funds allocated to a consortium formed to meet the requirements of this section shall be used only for purposes and programs that are mutually beneficial to all members of the consortium and shall be used only for programs authorized under this subchapter. Such funds may not be reallocated to individual members of the consortium for purposes or programs benefitting only 1 member of the consortium.

(4) Waiver

The eligible agency may waive the application of paragraph (3)(A)(i) in any case in which the eligible institution is located in a rural, sparsely populated area.

(b) Waiver for more equitable distribution

The Secretary may waive the application of subsection (a) if an eligible agency submits to the Secretary an application for such a waiver that—

(1) demonstrates that the formula described in subsection (a) does not result in a distribution of funds to the eligible institutions or consortia within the State that have the highest numbers of economically disadvantaged individuals and that an alternative formula will result in such a distribution; and

(2) includes a proposal for such an alternative formula.

(c) Minimum grant amount

(1) In general

No institution or consortium shall receive an allocation under this section in an amount that is less than $50,000.

(2) Redistribution

Any amounts that are not distributed by reason of paragraph (1) shall be redistributed to eligible institutions or consortia in accordance with this section.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §132, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 730.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2352, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §132, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3112, related to distribution of funds for postsecondary vocational and technical education programs, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2352, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §302, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2458; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §301, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 786, related to use of funds, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

§2353. Special rules for career and technical education

(a) Special rule for minimal allocation

(1) General authority

Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 2351 and 2352 of this title and in order to make a more equitable distribution of funds for programs serving the areas of greatest economic need, for any program year for which a minimal amount is made available by an eligible agency for distribution under section 2351 or 2352 of this title, such eligible agency may distribute such minimal amount for such year—

(A) on a competitive basis; or

(B) through any alternative method determined by the eligible agency.

(2) Minimal amount

For purposes of this section, the term "minimal amount" means not more than 15 percent of the total amount made available for distribution under section 2322(a)(1) of this title.

(b) Redistribution

(1) In general

In any academic year that an eligible recipient does not expend all of the amounts the eligible recipient is allocated for such year under section 2351 or 2352 of this title, such eligible recipient shall return any unexpended amounts to the eligible agency to be reallocated under section 2351 or 2352 of this title, as appropriate.

(2) Redistribution of amounts returned late in an academic year

In any academic year in which amounts are returned to the eligible agency under section 2351 or 2352 of this title and the eligible agency is unable to reallocate such amounts according to such sections in time for such amounts to be expended in such academic year, the eligible agency shall retain such amounts for distribution in combination with amounts provided under section 2322(a)(1) of this title for the following academic year.

(c) Construction

Nothing in section 2351 or 2352 of this title shall be construed—

(1) to prohibit a local educational agency or a consortium thereof that receives assistance under section 2351 of this title, from working with an eligible institution or consortium thereof that receives assistance under section 2352 of this title, to carry out career and technical education programs or programs of study at the secondary level in accordance with this subchapter;

(2) to prohibit an eligible institution or consortium thereof that receives assistance under section 2352 of this title, from working with a local educational agency or consortium thereof that receives assistance under section 2351 of this title, to carry out postsecondary and adult career and technical education programs or programs of study in accordance with this subchapter; or

(3) to require a charter school, that provides career and technical education programs or programs of study and is considered a local educational agency under State law, to jointly establish the charter school's eligibility for assistance under this subchapter unless the charter school is explicitly permitted to do so under the State's charter school statute.

(d) Consistent application

For purposes of this section, the eligible agency shall provide funds to charter schools offering career and technical education programs or programs of study in the same manner as the eligible agency provides those funds to other schools. Such career and technical education programs or programs of study within a charter school shall be of sufficient size, scope, and quality to be effective.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §133, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 731; amended Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §132, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1612.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2353, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §133, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3113, related to special rules for vocational and technical education, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Amendments

2018—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 115–224 inserted "or programs of study" after "career and technical education programs" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2354. Local application for career and technical education programs

(a) Local application required

Any eligible recipient desiring financial assistance under this part shall, in accordance with requirements established by the eligible agency (in consultation with such other educational training entities as the eligible agency determines to be appropriate) submit a local application to the eligible agency. Such local application shall cover the same period of time as the period of time applicable to the State plan submitted under section 2342 of this title.

(b) Contents

The eligible agency shall determine the requirements for local applications, except that each local application shall contain—

(1) a description of the results of the comprehensive needs assessment conducted under subsection (c);

(2) information on the career and technical education course offerings and activities that the eligible recipient will provide with funds under this part, which shall include not less than 1 program of study approved by a State under section 2344(b)(2) of this title, including—

(A) how the results of the comprehensive needs assessment described in subsection (c) informed the selection of the specific career and technical education programs and activities selected to be funded;

(B) a description of any new programs of study the eligible recipient will develop and submit to the State for approval; and

(C) how students, including students who are members of special populations, will learn about their school's career and technical education course offerings and whether each course is part of a career and technical education program of study;

(3) a description of how the eligible recipient, in collaboration with local workforce development boards and other local workforce agencies, one-stop delivery systems described in section 3151(e)(2) of title 29, and other partners, will provide—

(A) career exploration and career development coursework, activities, or services;

(B) career information on employment opportunities that incorporate the most up-to-date information on high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand industry sectors or occupations, as determined by the comprehensive needs assessment described in subsection (c); and

(C) an organized system of career guidance and academic counseling to students before enrolling and while participating in a career and technical education program;

(4) a description of how the eligible recipient will improve the academic and technical skills of students participating in career and technical education programs by strengthening the academic and career and technical education components of such programs through the integration of coherent and rigorous content aligned with challenging academic standards and relevant career and technical education programs to ensure learning in the subjects that constitute a well-rounded education (as defined in section 7801 of this title);

(5) a description of how the eligible recipient will—

(A) provide activities to prepare special populations for high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand industry sectors or occupations that will lead to self-sufficiency;

(B) prepare CTE participants for non-traditional fields;

(C) provide equal access for special populations to career and technical education courses, programs, and programs of study; and

(D) ensure that members of special populations will not be discriminated against on the basis of their status as members of special populations;

(6) a description of the work-based learning opportunities that the eligible recipient will provide to students participating in career and technical education programs and how the recipient will work with representatives from employers to develop or expand work-based learning opportunities for career and technical education students, as applicable;

(7) a description of how the eligible recipient will provide students participating in career and technical education programs with the opportunity to gain postsecondary credit while still attending high school, such as through dual or concurrent enrollment programs or early college high school, as practicable;

(8) a description of how the eligible recipient will coordinate with the eligible agency and institutions of higher education to support the recruitment, preparation, retention, and training, including professional development, of teachers, faculty, administrators, and specialized instructional support personnel and paraprofessionals who meet applicable State certification and licensure requirements (including any requirements met through alternative routes to certification), including individuals from groups underrepresented in the teaching profession; and

(9) a description of how the eligible recipient will address disparities or gaps in performance as described in section 2323(b)(3)(C)(ii)(II) of this title in each of the plan years, and if no meaningful progress has been achieved prior to the third program year, a description of the additional actions such recipient will take to eliminate those disparities or gaps.

(c) Comprehensive needs assessment

(1) In general

To be eligible to receive financial assistance under this part, an eligible recipient shall—

(A) conduct a comprehensive local needs assessment related to career and technical education and include the results of the needs assessment in the local application submitted under subsection (a); and

(B) not less than once every 2 years, update such comprehensive local needs assessment.

(2) Requirements

The comprehensive local needs assessment described in paragraph (1) shall include each of the following:

(A) An evaluation of the performance of the students served by the eligible recipient with respect to State determined and local levels of performance established pursuant to section 2323 of this title, including an evaluation of performance for special populations and each subgroup described in section 6311(h)(1)(C)(ii) of this title.

(B) A description of how career and technical education programs offered by the eligible recipient are—

(i) sufficient in size, scope, and quality to meet the needs of all students served by the eligible recipient; and

(ii)(I) aligned to State, regional, Tribal, or local in-demand industry sectors or occupations identified by the State workforce development board described in section 3111 of title 29 (referred to in this section as the "State board") or local workforce development board, including career pathways, where appropriate; or

(II) designed to meet local education or economic needs not identified by State boards or local workforce development boards.

(C) An evaluation of progress toward the implementation of career and technical education programs and programs of study.

(D) A description of how the eligible recipient will improve recruitment, retention, and training of career and technical education teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, paraprofessionals, and career guidance and academic counselors, including individuals in groups underrepresented in such professions.

(E) A description of progress toward implementation of equal access to high-quality career and technical education courses and programs of study for all students, including—

(i) strategies to overcome barriers that result in lower rates of access to, or performance gaps in, the courses and programs for special populations;

(ii) providing programs that are designed to enable special populations to meet the local levels of performance; and

(iii) providing activities to prepare special populations for high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand industry sectors or occupations in competitive, integrated settings that will lead to self-sufficiency.

(d) Consultation

In conducting the comprehensive needs assessment under subsection (c), and developing the local application described in subsection (b), an eligible recipient shall involve a diverse body of stakeholders, including, at a minimum—

(1) representatives of career and technical education programs in a local educational agency or educational service agency, including teachers, career guidance and academic counselors, principals and other school leaders, administrators, and specialized instructional support personnel and paraprofessionals;

(2) representatives of career and technical education programs at postsecondary educational institutions, including faculty and administrators;

(3) representatives of the State board or local workforce development boards and a range of local or regional businesses or industries;

(4) parents and students;

(5) representatives of special populations;

(6) representatives of regional or local agencies serving out-of-school youth, homeless children and youth, and at-risk youth (as defined in section 6472 of this title);

(7) representatives of Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations in the State, where applicable; and

(8) any other stakeholders that the eligible agency may require the eligible recipient to consult.

(e) Continued consultation

An eligible recipient receiving financial assistance under this part shall consult with stakeholders described in subsection (d) on an ongoing basis, as determined by the eligible agency. This may include consultation in order to—

(1) provide input on annual updates to the comprehensive needs assessment required under subsection (c)(1)(B);

(2) ensure programs of study are—

(A) responsive to community employment needs;

(B) aligned with employment priorities in the State, regional, tribal, or local economy identified by employers and the entities described in subsection (d), which may include in-demand industry sectors or occupations identified by the local workforce development board;

(C) informed by labor market information, including information provided under section 49l–2(e)(2)(C) of title 29;

(D) designed to meet current, intermediate, or long-term labor market projections; and

(E) allow employer input, including input from industry or sector partnerships in the local area, where applicable, into the development and implementation of programs of study to ensure such programs of study align with skills required by local employment opportunities, including activities such as the identification of relevant standards, curriculum, industry-recognized credentials, and current technology and equipment;

(3) identify and encourage opportunities for work-based learning; and

(4) ensure funding under this part is used in a coordinated manner with other local resources.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §134, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 732; amended Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §512(e)(5), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1707; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(n)(8), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2170; Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §133, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1612.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2354, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §134, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3114, related to local plan for vocational and technical education programs, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–224, §133(1), substituted "Local application" for "Local plan" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–224, §133(2), substituted "Local Application" for "Local plan" in heading and "local application" for "local plan" in two places in text.

Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 115–224, §133(3), added subsecs. (b) to (e) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to contents of local plans.

2015—Subsec. (b)(3)(B)(i). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(n)(8)(A), substituted "a well-rounded education (as defined in section 7801 of this title)" for "the core academic subjects (as defined in section 7801 of this title)".

Subsec. (b)(3)(E). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(n)(8)(B), substituted "in order to provide a well-rounded education (as defined in section 7801 of this title)" for "in core academic subjects (as defined in section 7801 of this title)".

2014—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 113–128 substituted "entities participating in activities described in section 3122 of title 29 (if applicable)" for "entities participating in activities described in section 2832 of title 29 (if applicable)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.

§2355. Local uses of funds

(a) General authority

Each eligible recipient that receives funds under this part shall use such funds to develop, coordinate, implement, or improve career and technical education programs to meet the needs identified in the comprehensive needs assessment described in section 2354(c) of this title.

(b) Requirements for uses of funds

Funds made available to eligible recipients under this part shall be used to support career and technical education programs that are of sufficient size, scope, and quality to be effective and that—

(1) provide career exploration and career development activities through an organized, systematic framework designed to aid students, including in the middle grades, before enrolling and while participating in a career and technical education program, in making informed plans and decisions about future education and career opportunities and programs of study, which may include—

(A) introductory courses or activities focused on career exploration and career awareness, including non-traditional fields;

(B) readily available career and labor market information, including information on—

(i) occupational supply and demand;

(ii) educational requirements;

(iii) other information on careers aligned to State, local, or Tribal (as applicable) economic priorities; and

(iv) employment sectors;

(C) programs and activities related to the development of student graduation and career plans;

(D) career guidance and academic counselors that provide information on postsecondary education and career options;

(E) any other activity that advances knowledge of career opportunities and assists students in making informed decisions about future education and employment goals, including non-traditional fields; or

(F) providing students with strong experience in, and comprehensive understanding of, all aspects of an industry;

(2) provide professional development for teachers, faculty, school leaders, administrators, specialized instructional support personnel, career guidance and academic counselors, or paraprofessionals, which may include—

(A) professional development on supporting individualized academic and career and technical education instructional approaches, including the integration of academic and career and technical education standards and curricula;

(B) professional development on ensuring labor market information is used to inform the programs, guidance, and advisement offered to students, including information provided under section 49l–2(e)(2)(C) of title 29;

(C) providing teachers, faculty, school leaders, administrators, specialized instructional support personnel, career guidance and academic counselors, or paraprofessionals, as appropriate, with opportunities to advance knowledge, skills, and understanding of all aspects of an industry, including the latest workplace equipment, technologies, standards, and credentials;

(D) supporting school leaders and administrators in managing career and technical education programs in the schools, institutions, or local educational agencies of such school leaders or administrators;

(E) supporting the implementation of strategies to improve student achievement and close gaps in student participation and performance in career and technical education programs;

(F) providing teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, career guidance and academic counselors, principals, school leaders, or paraprofessionals, as appropriate, with opportunities to advance knowledge, skills, and understanding in pedagogical practices, including, to the extent the eligible recipient determines that such evidence is reasonably available, evidence-based pedagogical practices;

(G) training teachers, faculty, school leaders, administrators, specialized instructional support personnel, career guidance and academic counselors, or paraprofessionals, as appropriate, to provide appropriate accommodations for individuals with disabilities, and students with disabilities who are provided accommodations under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.) or the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.];

(H) training teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, career guidance and academic counselors, and paraprofessionals in frameworks to effectively teach students, including a particular focus on students with disabilities and English learners, which may include universal design for learning, multi-tier systems of supports, and positive behavioral interventions and support; or

(I) training for the effective use of community spaces that provide access to tools, technology, and knowledge for learners and entrepreneurs, such as makerspaces or libraries;

(3) provide within career and technical education the skills necessary to pursue careers in high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand industry sectors or occupations;

(4) support integration of academic skills into career and technical education programs and programs of study to support—

(A) CTE participants at the secondary school level in meeting the challenging State academic standards adopted under section 6311(b)(1) of this title by the State in which the eligible recipient is located; and

(B) CTE participants at the postsecondary level in achieving academic skills;

(5) plan and carry out elements that support the implementation of career and technical education programs and programs of study and that result in increasing student achievement of the local levels of performance established under section 2323 of this title, which may include—

(A) a curriculum aligned with the requirements for a program of study;

(B) sustainable relationships among education, business and industry, and other community stakeholders, including industry or sector partnerships in the local area, where applicable, that are designed to facilitate the process of continuously updating and aligning programs of study with skills that are in demand in the State, regional, or local economy, and in collaboration with business outreach staff in one-stop centers, as defined in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102), and other appropriate organizations, including community-based and youth-serving organizations;

(C) where appropriate, expanding opportunities for CTE concentrators to participate in accelerated learning programs (as described in section 7114(b)(3)(A)(i)(IV) of this title), including dual or concurrent enrollment programs, early college high schools, and the development or implementation of articulation agreements as part of a career and technical education program of study;

(D) appropriate equipment, technology, and instructional materials (including support for library resources) aligned with business and industry needs, including machinery, testing equipment, tools, implements, hardware and software, and other new and emerging instructional materials;

(E) a continuum of work-based learning opportunities, including simulated work environments;

(F) industry-recognized certification examinations or other assessments leading toward a recognized postsecondary credential;

(G) efforts to recruit and retain career and technical education program teachers, faculty, school leaders, administrators, specialized instructional support personnel, career guidance and academic counselors, and paraprofessionals;

(H) where applicable, coordination with other education and workforce development programs and initiatives, including career pathways and sector partnerships developed under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.) and other Federal laws and initiatives that provide students with transition-related services, including the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.];

(I) expanding opportunities for students to participate in distance career and technical education and blended-learning programs;

(J) expanding opportunities for students to participate in competency-based education programs;

(K) improving career guidance and academic counseling programs that assist students in making informed academic and career and technical education decisions, including academic and financial aid counseling;

(L) supporting the integration of employability skills into career and technical education programs and programs of study, including through family and consumer science programs;

(M) supporting programs and activities that increase access, student engagement, and success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields (including computer science and architecture) for students who are members of groups underrepresented in such subject fields;

(N) providing career and technical education, in a school or other educational setting, for adults or out-of-school youth to complete secondary school education or upgrade technical skills;

(O) supporting career and technical student organizations, including student preparation for and participation in technical skills competitions aligned with career and technical education program standards and curricula;

(P) making all forms of instructional content widely available, which may include use of open educational resources;

(Q) supporting the integration of arts and design skills, when appropriate, into career and technical education programs and programs of study;

(R) partnering with a qualified intermediary to improve training, the development of public-private partnerships, systems development, capacity-building, and scalability of the delivery of high-quality career and technical education;

(S) support to reduce or eliminate out-of-pocket expenses for special populations participating in career and technical education, including those participating in dual or concurrent enrollment programs or early college high school programs, and supporting the costs associated with fees, transportation, child care, or mobility challenges for those special populations; or

(T) other activities to improve career and technical education programs; and

(6) develop and implement evaluations of the activities carried out with funds under this part, including evaluations necessary to complete the comprehensive needs assessment required under section 2354(c) of this title and the local report required under section 2323(b)(4)(B) of this title.

(c) Pooling funds

An eligible recipient may pool a portion of funds received under this chapter with a portion of funds received under this chapter available to one or more eligible recipients to support implementation of programs of study through the activities described in subsection (b)(2).

(d) Administrative costs

Each eligible recipient receiving funds under this part shall not use more than 5 percent of such funds for costs associated with the administration of activities under this section.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §135, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 734; amended Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §512(e)(6), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1707; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(n)(9), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2170; Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §134, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1616.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(G), is Pub. L. 93–112, Sept. 26, 1973, 87 Stat. 355, which is classified generally to chapter 16 (§701 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 701 of Title 29 and Tables.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(G), (5)(H), is title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 175, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1400 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1400 of this title and Tables.

The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(5)(H), is Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425, which enacted chapter 32 (§3101 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor, repealed chapter 30 (§2801 et seq.) of Title 29 and chapter 73 (§9201 et seq.) of this title, and made amendments to numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of Title 29 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2355, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §135, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3115, related to local uses of funds, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Prior sections 2361 to 2363 were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2361, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §311, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2458; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §706(b), Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §302, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 786, related to consumer and homemaking education grants.

Section 2362, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §312, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2458; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §706(c), Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §303, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 786, related to use of funds from consumer and homemaking education grants.

Section 2363, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §313, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2459; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §707, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §304, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 786, related to information dissemination and leadership.

For prior sections 2371 to 2383, see Prior Provisions note preceding section 2391 of this title.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–224 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to local uses of funds, including required and permissive uses.

2015—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted "a well-rounded education (as defined in section 7801 of this title)" for "the core academic subjects (as defined in section 7801 of this title)".

2014—Subsec. (c)(16). Pub. L. 113–128 substituted "such as through referral to the system established under section 3151 of title 29" for "such as through referral to the system established under section 2841 of title 29".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.

SUBCHAPTER II—GENERAL PROVISIONS

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(5), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621, redesignated subchapter III (§2391 et seq.) of this chapter as this subchapter.

Prior Provisions

A prior subchapter II, consisting of sections 2371 to 2376, related to tech prep education, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115–224, §4, title II, §201(a)(5), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1564, 1621, effective July 1, 2019.

Section 2371, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §201, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 737, related to state allotment and application.

Another prior section 2371, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §202, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3117, provided definitions, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2371, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §321, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2459; amended Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6131(a)(2), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1509, provided findings and purposes of program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §305, title VII, §702(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 786, 843, effective July 1, 1991.

A prior section 201 of Pub. L. 88–210, as added by Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3117, which provided that former title II of Pub. L. 88–210 could be cited as the "Tech-Prep Education Act", was set out as a note under former section 2301 of this title, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–210 by Pub. L. 109–270.

Section 2372, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §202, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 738, related to consolidation of funds.

Another prior section 2372, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §203, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3118, related to State allotment and application, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2372, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §322, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2460; amended Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6131(a)(2), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1509; Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1142, authorized Secretary to make grants and specified uses of funds for program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §305, title VII, §702(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 786, 843, effective July 1, 1991.

A prior section 202 of Pub. L. 88–210 was classified to section 2371 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 202 of Pub. L. 88–210 was classified to section 2332 of this title, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter II of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–392.

Section 2373, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §203, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 738; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, §941(k)(2)(D)(iii), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3466; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(n)(10), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2170, related to tech prep program.

Another prior section 2373, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §204, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3118, related to tech-prep education, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2373, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §323, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2461; amended Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6131(a)(2), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1509, provided for coordination of program with Job Training Partnership Act, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §305, title VII, §702(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 786, 843, effective July 1, 1991.

A prior section 203 of Pub. L. 88–210 was classified to section 2372 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 203 of Pub. L. 88–210 was classified to section 2333 of this title, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter II of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–392.

Section 2374, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §204, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 741, related to consortium applications.

Another prior section 2374, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §205, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3120, related to consortium applications, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

A prior section 204 of Pub. L. 88–210 was classified to section 2373 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 204 of Pub. L. 88–210 was classified to section 2334 of this title, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter II of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–392.

Section 2375, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §205, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 742, related to annual report on effectiveness of the tech prep programs.

Another prior section 2375, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §206, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3120, required a report from grantees, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

A prior section 205 of Pub. L. 88–210 was classified to section 2374 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Section 2376, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §206, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 742, related to authorization of appropriations.

Another prior section 2376, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §207, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3121, related to demonstration programs, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2376, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §326, as added Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6131(a)(3), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1509, provided findings and purpose of special program of financial assistance to States to enable them to expand and improve vocational education programs designed to meet current needs for training, retraining, and employment development of adults who had completed or left high school and were preparing to enter or had entered the labor market, including workers who were 55 years of age and older, in order to equip adults with competencies and skills required for productive employment, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §305, title VII, §702(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 786, 843, effective July 1, 1991.

A prior section 206 of Pub. L. 88–210 was classified to section 2375 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

A prior section 2377, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §208, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3121, which related to authorization of appropriations, was omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2377 and prior section 2378 were repealed by Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §305, title VII, §702(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 786, 843, effective July 1, 1991.

Section 2377, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §327, as added Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6131(a)(3), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1509; amended Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1142, authorized giving of grants and uses of funds in connection with special program.

Section 2378, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §328, as added Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6131(a)(3), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1510, provided for coordination of special program with Job Training Partnership Act.

Prior sections 2381 to 2383 were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2381, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §321, formerly §331, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2462; renumbered §321, Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §306(a)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 786, related to grants for career guidance and counseling.

Section 2382, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §322, formerly §332, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2462; renumbered §322 and amended Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §306(a)(2), (c), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 786, 787, related to use of funds from career guidance and counseling grants.

Section 2383, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §323, formerly §333, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2463; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §708, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 906; renumbered §323, Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §306(a)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 786, related to information dissemination and leadership.

Part A—Federal Administrative Provisions

§2391. Fiscal requirements

(a) Supplement not supplant

Funds made available under this chapter for career and technical education activities shall supplement, and shall not supplant, non-Federal funds expended to carry out career and technical education activities.

(b) Maintenance of effort

(1) Determination

(A) In general

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), (C), or (D), in order for a State to receive its full allotment of funds under this chapter for any fiscal year, the Secretary must find that the State's fiscal effort per student, or the aggregate expenditures of such State, with respect to career and technical education for the preceding fiscal year was not less than the fiscal effort per student, or the aggregate expenditures of such State, for the second preceding fiscal year.

(B) Computation

In computing the fiscal effort or aggregate expenditures pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall, at the request of the State, exclude competitive or incentive-based programs established by the State, capital expenditures, special one-time project costs, and the cost of pilot programs.

(C) Decrease in Federal support

If the amount made available for career and technical education programs under this chapter for a fiscal year is less than the amount made available for career and technical education programs under this chapter for the preceding fiscal year, then the fiscal effort per student or the aggregate expenditures of a State required by subparagraph (A) for the preceding fiscal year shall be decreased by the same percentage as the percentage decrease in the amount so made available.

(D) Establishing the state baseline

For purposes of applying subparagraph (A) for years which require the calculation of the State's fiscal effort per student, or aggregate expenditures of such State, with respect to career and technical education for the first full fiscal year following July 31, 2018, the State may determine the State's fiscal effort per student, or aggregate expenditures of such State, with respect to career and technical education for such first full fiscal year by—

(i) continuing to use the State's fiscal effort per student, or aggregate expenditures of such State, with respect to career and technical education, as was in effect on the day before July 31, 2018; or

(ii) establishing a new level of fiscal effort per student, or aggregate expenditures of such State, with respect to career and technical education, which is not less than 95 percent of the State's fiscal effort per student, or the aggregate expenditures of such State, with respect to career and technical education for the preceding fiscal year.

(2) Failure to meet

(A) In general

The Secretary shall reduce the amount of a State's allotment of funds under this chapter for any fiscal year in the exact proportion by which the State fails to meet the requirement of paragraph (1) by falling below the State's fiscal effort per student or the State's aggregate expenditures (using the measure most favorable to the State), if the State failed to meet such requirement (as determined using the measure most favorable to the State) for 1 or more of the 5 immediately preceding fiscal years.

(B) Special rule

No such lesser amount shall be used for computing the effort required under paragraph (1) for subsequent years.

(3) Waiver

The Secretary may waive paragraph (2) due to exceptional or uncontrollable circumstances affecting the ability of the State to meet the requirement of paragraph (1) such as a natural disaster or an unforeseen and precipitous decline in financial resources. No level of funding permitted under such a waiver may be used as the basis for computing the fiscal effort or aggregate expenditures required under this section for years subsequent to the year covered by such waiver. The fiscal effort or aggregate expenditures for the subsequent years shall be computed on the basis of the level of funding that would, but for such waiver, have been required.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §211, formerly title III, §311, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 742; renumbered title II, §211, and amended Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(1), (5), (6), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1620, 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2391, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §311, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3121, related to fiscal requirements, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2391, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §331, formerly §341, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2463; renumbered §331 and amended Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §307(a)(2), (c), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 787, stated findings of Congress, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–224, §201(a)(1)(A), struck out "and tech prep program activities" before period at end.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 115–224, §201(a)(1)(B)(i)(I), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), no payments shall be made under this chapter for any fiscal year to a State for career and technical education programs or tech prep programs unless the Secretary determines that the fiscal effort per student or the aggregate expenditures of such State for career and technical education programs for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made, equaled or exceeded such effort or expenditures for career and technical education programs for the second fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made."

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §201(a)(1)(B)(i)(II), substituted "shall, at the request of the State, exclude competitive or incentive-based programs established by the State, capital expenditures, special one-time project costs, and the cost of pilot programs." for "shall exclude capital expenditures, special 1-time project costs, and the cost of pilot programs."

Subsec. (b)(1)(D). Pub. L. 115–224, §201(a)(1)(B)(i)(III), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 115–224, §201(a)(1)(B)(ii), added pars. (2) and (3) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text of par. (2) read as follows: "The Secretary may waive the requirements of this section, with respect to not more than 5 percent of expenditures by any eligible agency for 1 fiscal year only, on making a determination that such waiver would be equitable due to exceptional or uncontrollable circumstances affecting the ability of the eligible agency to meet such requirements, such as a natural disaster or an unforeseen and precipitous decline in financial resources. No level of funding permitted under such a waiver may be used as the basis for computing the fiscal effort or aggregate expenditures required under this section for years subsequent to the year covered by such waiver. The fiscal effort or aggregate expenditures for the subsequent years shall be computed on the basis of the level of funding that would, but for such waiver, have been required."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2392. Authority to make payments

Any authority to make payments or to enter into contracts under this chapter shall be available only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §212, formerly title III, §312, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 743; renumbered title II, §212, Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(5), (6), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2392, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §312, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3122, related to authority to make payments, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2392, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §332, formerly §342, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2464; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §709, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 906; renumbered §332 and amended Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §307(a)(2), (d), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 787, authorized business-labor-education partnership training grants, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2393. Construction

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to permit, allow, encourage, or authorize any Federal control over any aspect of a private, religious, or home school, regardless of whether a home school is treated as a private school or home school under State law. This section shall not be construed to bar students attending private, religious, or home schools from participation in programs or services under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §213, formerly title III, §313, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 743; renumbered title II, §213, Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(5), (6), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2393, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §313, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3122, related to construction of this chapter, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2393, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §333, formerly §343, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2465; amended Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6134(a), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1512; renumbered §333, Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §307(a)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 787, related to use of grant funds, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2394. Voluntary selection and participation

No funds made available under this chapter shall be used—

(1) to require any secondary school student to choose or pursue a specific career pathway or program of study; or

(2) to mandate that any individual participate in a career and technical education program, including a career and technical education program that requires the attainment of a federally funded skill level, standard, or certificate of mastery.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §214, formerly title III, §314, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 743; renumbered title II, §214, and amended Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(2), (5), (6), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2394, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §314, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3123, related to voluntary selection and participation, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2394 and prior sections 2394a to 2394e were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2394, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §342, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §308, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 789, stated findings and purpose of Congress.

Section 2394a, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §343, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §308, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 789; amended Pub. L. 102–103, title III, §315, Aug. 17, 1991, 105 Stat. 508, authorized grants for tech-prep education programs.

Section 2394b, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §344, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §308, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 790; amended Pub. L. 103–239, title VII, §711(a), May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 606, related to use of grant funds.

Section 2394c, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §345, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §308, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 791; amended Pub. L. 103–239, title VII, §711(b), May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 606, related to applications for grants.

Section 2394d, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §346, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §308, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 792, related to reports.

Section 2394e, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §347, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §308, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 792; amended Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §102(a)(6)(E), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1618, defined terms for purposes of tech-prep education grant program.

Amendments

2018—Par. (1). Pub. L. 115–224, §201(a)(2), substituted "career pathway or program of study" for "career path or major".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Short Title

Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §341, as added by Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §308, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 788, which provided that part E of title III of Pub. L. 88–210, enacting part E (§2394 et seq.) of former subchapter III of this chapter, could be cited as the "Tech-Prep Education Act", was omitted in the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–210 by Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3076.

§2395. Limitation for certain students

No funds received under this chapter may be used to provide career and technical education programs or programs of study to students prior to the the ¹ middle grades (as such term is defined in section 7801 of this title), except that equipment and facilities purchased with funds under this chapter may be used by such students.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §215, formerly title III, §315, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 744; renumbered title II, §215, and amended Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(3), (5), (6), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2395, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §315, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3123, imposed a limitation for certain students, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2395 and prior sections 2395a to 2395e were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2395, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §351, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §309, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 792, stated purpose of supplementary State grant program.

Section 2395a, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §352, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §309, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 793, related to allotment to States.

Section 2395b, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §353, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §309, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 793, related to allocations to local educational agencies.

Section 2395c, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §354, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §309, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 793, related to use of grant funds.

Section 2395d, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §355, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §309, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 793, related to State applications for grants.

Section 2395e, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §356, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §309, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 794, related to local applications for grants.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–224, §201(a)(3), inserted "or programs of study" after "career and technical education programs" and substituted "the middle grades (as such term is defined in section 7801 of this title)" for "seventh grade".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

¹ So in original.

§2396. Federal laws guaranteeing civil rights

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to be inconsistent with applicable Federal law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, or disability in the provision of Federal programs or services.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §216, formerly title III, §316, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 744; renumbered title II, §216, Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(5), (6), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2396, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §316, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3123, related to Federal laws guaranteeing civil rights, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2396 and prior sections 2396a to 2396m were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2396, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §362, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §310, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 794, stated purpose of community education employment centers and vocational education lighthouse schools program.

Section 2396a, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §363, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §310, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 794, authorized grants to establish and operate community education employment centers.

Section 2396b, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §364, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §310, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 794, related to program requirements.

Section 2396c, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §365, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §310, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 795, related to support services requirements.

Section 2396d, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §366, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §310, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 796, related to parental and community participation.

Section 2396e, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §367, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §310, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 797, related to employment and training of professional staff.

Section 2396f, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §368, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §310, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 797, related to eligibility for grants.

Section 2396g, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §369, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §310, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 797, related to applications to participate in grant program.

Section 2396h, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §370, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §310, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 798; amended Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1041(d), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 714, related to evaluation of student learning progress.

Section 2396i, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §371, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §310, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 798, defined terms "eligible recipient" and "parent".

Section 2396m, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §375, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §310, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 798, authorized grants to establish and operate vocational education lighthouse schools.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Short Title

Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §361, as added by Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §310, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 794, which provided that part G of title III of Pub. L. 88–210, enacting part G (§2396 et seq.) of former subchapter III of this chapter, could be cited as the "Community Education Employment Center Act of 1990", was omitted in the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–210 by Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3076.

§2397. Participation of private school personnel and children

(a) Personnel

An eligible agency or eligible recipient that uses funds under this chapter for in-service and preservice career and technical education professional development programs for career and technical education teachers, administrators, and other personnel shall, to the extent practicable, upon written request, permit the participation in such programs of career and technical education secondary school teachers, administrators, and other personnel in nonprofit private schools offering career and technical secondary education programs located in the geographical area served by such eligible agency or eligible recipient.

(b) Student participation

(1) Student participation

Except as prohibited by State or local law, an eligible recipient may, upon written request, use funds made available under this chapter to provide for the meaningful participation, in career and technical education programs and activities, including programs of study, receiving funding under this chapter, of secondary school students attending nonprofit private schools in areas served by the eligible recipient.

(2) Consultation

An eligible recipient shall consult, upon written request, in a timely and meaningful manner with representatives of nonprofit private schools in areas served by the eligible recipient described in paragraph (1) regarding the meaningful participation, in career and technical education programs and activities, including programs of study, receiving funding under this chapter, of secondary school students attending nonprofit private schools.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §217, formerly title III, §317, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 744; renumbered title II, §217, and amended Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(4)–(6), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2397, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §317, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3123, related to authorization of Secretary, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2397 and prior sections 2397a to 2397h were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2397, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §382, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §311, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 800, stated purpose of program to assist tribally controlled postsecondary vocational institutions.

Section 2397a, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §383, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §311, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 800, authorized grants to tribally controlled postsecondary vocational institutions.

Section 2397b, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §384, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §311, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 800, related to eligible grant recipients.

Section 2397c, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §385, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §311, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 800, related to applications for grants, consultation, and use of grants.

Section 2397d, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §386, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §311, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 801, related to amount of grants.

Section 2397e, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §387, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §311, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 802, related to effect of grant receipt on eligibility under other programs.

Section 2397f, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §388, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §311, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 802, related to grant adjustments.

Section 2397g, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §389, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §311, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 803, related to report on facilities and facilities improvement.

Section 2397h, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §390, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §311, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 803, defined terms for purposes of tribally controlled postsecondary vocational institutions grant program.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–224, §201(a)(4)(A), inserted ", including programs of study," after "activities" and substituted "in areas served by" for "who reside in the geographical area served by".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–224, §201(a)(4)(B), substituted "areas" for "the geographical area" and inserted ", including programs of study," after "activities".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Short Title

Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §381, as added by Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §311, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 799, which provided that part H of title III of Pub. L. 88–210, enacting part H (§2397 et seq.) of former subchapter III of this chapter, could be cited as the "Tribally Controlled Vocational Institutions Support Act of 1990", was omitted in the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–210 by Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3076.

§2398. Limitation on Federal regulations

The Secretary may issue regulations under this chapter only to the extent necessary to administer and ensure compliance with the specific requirements of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §218, formerly title III, §318, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 744; renumbered title II, §218, Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(5), (6), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2398, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §318, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3123, related to participation of private school personnel, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2399. Study on programs of study aligned to high-skill, high-wage occupations

(a) Scope of study

The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study to evaluate—

(1) the strategies, components, policies, and practices used by eligible agencies or eligible recipients receiving funding under this chapter to successfully assist—

(A) all students in pursuing and completing programs of study aligned to high-skill, high-wage occupations; and

(B) any special population or specific subgroup of students identified in section 6311(h)(1)(C)(ii) of this title in pursuing and completing programs of study aligned to high-skill, high-wage occupations in fields in which such special population or subgroup is underrepresented; and

(2) any challenges associated with replication of such strategies, components, policies, and practices.

(b) Consultation

In carrying out the study conducted under subsection (a), the Comptroller General of the United States shall consult with a geographically diverse (including urban, suburban, and rural) representation of—

(1) students and parents;

(2) eligible agencies and eligible recipients;

(3) teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, and paraprofessionals, including those with expertise in preparing career and technical education students for non-traditional fields;

(4) Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations;

(5) special populations; and

(6) representatives of business and industry.

(c) Submission

Upon completion, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit the study conducted under subsection (a) to the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §219, as added Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(8), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 2401 to 2404 were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2401, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §401, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2466; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §402, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 806, related to research objectives.

Section 2402, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §402, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2466; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §403, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 806, related to research activities.

Section 2403, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §403, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2467; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §404, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 807, related to national assessment of vocational education programs.

Section 2404, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §404, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2468; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §405, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 809; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §351(a)(2), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3966, related to National Center or Centers for Research in Vocational Education.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment note under section 2301 of this title.

Part B—State Administrative Provisions

§2411. Joint funding

(a) General authority

Funds made available to eligible agencies under this chapter may be used to provide additional funds under an applicable program if—

(1) such program otherwise meets the requirements of this chapter and the requirements of the applicable program;

(2) such program serves the same individuals that are served under this chapter;

(3) such program provides services in a coordinated manner with services provided under this chapter; and

(4) such funds are used to supplement, and not supplant, funds provided from non-Federal sources.

(b) Applicable program

For the purposes of this section, the term "applicable program" means any program under any of the following provisions of law:

(1) Chapters 2 and 3 of subtitle B of title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act [29 U.S.C. 3161 et seq., 3171 et seq.].

(2) The Wagner-Peyser Act [29 U.S.C. 49 et seq.].

(c) Use of funds as matching funds

For the purposes of this section, the term "additional funds" does not include funds used as matching funds.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §221, formerly title III, §321, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 745; amended Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §512(e)(7), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1707; renumbered title II, §221, Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(5), (7), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425. Chapters 2 and 3 of subtitle B of title I of the Act are classified generally to subparts 2 (§3161 et seq.) and 3 (§3171 et seq.), respectively, of part B of subchapter I of chapter 32 of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of Title 29 and Tables.

The Wagner-Peyser Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is act June 6, 1933, ch. 49, 48 Stat. 113, which is classified generally to chapter 4B (§49 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 49 of Title 29 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2411, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §321, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3123, related to joint funding, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2411, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §411, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §406(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 812, authorized grants for demonstration programs, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Another prior section 2411, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §411, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2470, related to programs and projects Secretary was authorized to carry out from available funds, prior to the general amendment of part B of former subchapter IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–392.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–128 substituted "Chapters 2 and 3 of subtitle B of title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act" for "Chapters 4 and 5 of subtitle B of title I of Public Law 105–220".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.

§2412. Prohibition on use of funds to induce out-of-State relocation of businesses

No funds provided under this chapter shall be used for the purpose of directly providing incentives or inducements to an employer to relocate a business enterprise from one State to another State if such relocation will result in a reduction in the number of jobs available in the State where the business enterprise is located before such incentives or inducements are offered.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §222, formerly title III, §322, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 745; renumbered title II, §222, Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(5), (7), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2412, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §322, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3124, prohibited use of funds to induce out-of-State relocation of businesses, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2412, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §412, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §406(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 812, authorized grants for development, production, and distribution of instructional telecommunications materials and services, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2413. State administrative costs

(a) General rule

Except as provided in subsection (b), for each fiscal year for which an eligible agency receives assistance under this chapter, the eligible agency shall provide, from non-Federal sources for the costs the eligible agency incurs for the administration of programs under this chapter, an amount that is not less than the amount provided by the eligible agency from non-Federal sources for such costs for the preceding fiscal year.

(b) Exception

If the amount made available from Federal sources for the administration of programs under this chapter for a fiscal year (referred to in this section as the "determination year") is less than the amount made available from Federal sources for the administration of programs under this chapter for the preceding fiscal year, then the amount the eligible agency is required to provide from non-Federal sources for costs the eligible agency incurs for the administration of programs under this chapter for the determination year under subsection (a) shall bear the same ratio to the amount the eligible agency provided from non-Federal sources for such costs for the preceding fiscal year, as the amount made available from Federal sources for the administration of programs under this chapter for the determination year bears to the amount made available from Federal sources for the administration of programs under this chapter for the preceding fiscal year.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §223, formerly title III, §323, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 745; renumbered title II, §223, Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(5), (7), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2413, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §323, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3124, related to State administrative costs, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2413, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §413, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §406(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 813, authorized establishment of demonstration centers for training of dislocated workers, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Another prior section 2413, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §413, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2471, related to program of competitive grants to State boards for State programs involving loan of high-technology, state-of-the-art equipment to eligible recipients for use in local vocational education programs, prior to the general amendment of part B of former subchapter IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–392.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

§2414. Student assistance and other Federal programs

(a) Attendance costs not treated as income or resources

The portion of any student financial assistance received under this chapter that is made available for attendance costs described in subsection (b) shall not be considered as income or resources in determining eligibility for assistance under any other program funded in whole or in part with Federal funds.

(b) Attendance costs

The attendance costs described in this subsection are—

(1) tuition and fees normally assessed a student carrying an academic workload as determined by the institution, and including costs for rental or purchase of any equipment, materials, or supplies required of all students in that course of study; and

(2) an allowance for books, supplies, transportation, dependent care, and miscellaneous personal expenses for a student attending the institution on at least a half-time basis, as determined by the institution.

(c) Costs of career and technical education services

Funds made available under this chapter may be used to pay for the costs of career and technical education services required in an individualized education program developed pursuant to section 1414(d) of this title and services necessary to meet the requirements of section 794 of title 29 with respect to ensuring equal access to career and technical education.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §224, title III, §324, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 746; renumbered title II, §224, Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(5), (7), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2414, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §324, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3124, limited Federal regulations, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2414, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §414, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §406(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 813, authorized grants for professional development, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

A prior section 2415, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §325, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3124, which related to student assistance and other Federal programs, was omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2415 and prior sections 2416 to 2424 were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2415, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §415, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §406(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 817, related to Blue Ribbon Vocational Education Programs.

Another prior section 2415, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §415, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2471, related to establishment by Secretary of demonstration centers for retraining of dislocated workers, prior to the general amendment of part B of former subchapter IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–392.

Section 2416, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §416, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §406(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 818, related to development of business and education standards.

Section 2417, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §417, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §406(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 818, related to educational programs for Federal correctional institutions.

Another prior section 2417, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §417, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2471; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §710, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 907, related to establishment of grant program to establish and operate model centers for vocational education for older individuals, prior to the general amendment of part B of former subchapter IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–392.

Section 2418, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §418, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §406(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 819, related to dropout prevention.

Section 2419, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §419, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §406(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 819, related to model programs of regional training for skilled trades.

Section 2420, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §420, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §406(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 820; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §391(s)(6), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4025, related to demonstration projects for integration of vocational and academic learning.

Section 2420a, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §420A, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §406(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 820, related to cooperative demonstration programs.

Section 2421, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §421, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2472; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §407, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 822; Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1142; Pub. L. 103–227, title X, §1021, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 269, authorized vocational education and occupational information data systems.

Section 2422, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §422, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2473; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §408, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 825; Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §991, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 264, related to National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee.

Section 2423, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §423, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2474; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §409, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 827, related to information base for vocational education data system.

Section 2424, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §424, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §410, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 829, related to collection of information at reasonable cost and cooperation of States.

A prior section 2431, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §431, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2474, established National Council on Vocational Education, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §411(a), (c), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 829, effective Oct. 1, 1991.

Prior sections 2441 to 2461 were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2441, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §441, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2477; amended Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1041(h), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 715, authorized grants for bilingual vocational training.

Section 2451, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §451, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2479; amended Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §412, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 829, related to distribution of assistance.

Section 2461, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §501, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2479, related to Federal payments to States.

A prior section 2462, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §502, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2479; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §711, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 907, related to Federal share of, and non-Federal contributions for, costs of vocational education programs, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(a)(1), title VII, §702(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 830, 843, effective July 1, 1991.

A prior section 2463, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §502, formerly §503, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2480; renumbered §502 and amended Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(a)(2), (b), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 830, related to maintenance of effort, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Prior sections 2464 and 2465 were repealed by Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(a)(1), title VII, §702(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 830, 843, effective July 1, 1991.

Section 2464, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §504, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2480; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §713(a)(3), Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 907, related to withholding of payments and judicial review of such action.

Section 2465, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §505, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2482, required States to conduct biennial audits.

Prior sections 2466 to 2471 were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2466, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §503, formerly §506, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2482; renumbered §503, Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(a)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 830, related to authority to make payments. See section 2392 of this title.

Section 2466a, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §504, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(c)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 830; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §261(i)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3929, related to regional meetings and negotiated rulemaking.

Section 2466b, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §505, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(c)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 831, contained requirements relating to reports, plans, and regulations.

Section 2466c, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §506, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(c)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 831, provided for consistency of this chapter with Federal laws guaranteeing civil rights.

Section 2466d, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §507, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(c)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 831, related to student assistance and other Federal programs.

Section 2466e, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §508, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(c)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 831, related to Federal monitoring of compliance with this chapter.

Section 2468, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §511, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(c)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 832, related to use of funds for joint funding of programs.

Section 2468a, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §512, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(c)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 832, related to review of regulations.

Section 2468b, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §513, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(c)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 833, related to identification of State-imposed requirements.

Section 2468c, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §514, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(c)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 833, prohibited use of funds to induce out-of-State relocation of businesses. See section 2412 of this title.

Section 2468d, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §515, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(c)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 833, related to State administrative costs. See section 2413 of this title.

Section 2468e, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §516, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §501(c)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 833, contained additional administrative provisions.

Section 2471, Pub. L. 88–210, title V, §521, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2482; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §713(a)(4), Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 907; Pub. L. 101–392, title V, §502, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 834; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §391(s)(7), (8), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4025; Pub. L. 104–193, title I, §110(i)(3), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2172, defined terms for purposes of this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.