7 USC CHAPTER 64, SUBCHAPTER III: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS

From Title 7—AGRICULTURECHAPTER 64—AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING

SUBCHAPTER III—AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS

§3151. Grants to enhance research capacity in schools of veterinary medicine

(a) Competitive grant program

(1) In general

The Secretary shall conduct a program of competitive grants to States for the purpose of meeting the costs of renovation, improving compliance with Federal regulations, employing faculty, acquiring equipment, and taking other action related to the improvement of schools of veterinary medicine to ensure agricultural competitiveness on a worldwide basis.

(2) Matching requirement

A State receiving a grant under paragraph (1) shall provide State matching funds equal to not less than the amount of the grant.

(b) Preference

Except with respect to the States of Alaska and Hawaii, the Secretary shall give preference in awarding grants to States which file, with their application for funds under this section, assurances satisfactory to the Secretary that—

(1) the State has established a veterinary medical training program with one or more States without colleges of veterinary medicine which consists of appropriate cooperative agreements providing for a sharing of curriculum and costs by the individual States;

(2) the clinical training of the school to be improved shall emphasize care and preventive medical programs for food animals and companion animals (including horses) which support industries of major economic importance; and

(3) the Secretary may set aside a portion of funds appropriated for the award of grants under this section and make such amounts available only for grants to eligible colleges and universities that the Secretary determines have unique capabilities for achieving the objective of full participation of minority groups in research in the Nation's schools of veterinary medicine.

Notwithstanding clause (1) of this subsection, no State which the Secretary determines has made a reasonable effort to establish appropriate cooperative agreements shall be denied a grant or otherwise prejudiced because of its failure to establish such cooperative agreements.

(c) Apportionment and distribution of funds

Funds appropriated to carry out this section for any fiscal year shall be apportioned and distributed as follows:

(1) Five per centum shall be retained by the Department of Agriculture for administration, program assistance to eligible States, and program coordination.

(2) The remainder shall be apportioned and distributed by the Secretary to those States which have applied for funds under this section on such basis as the Secretary may deem appropriate.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1415, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 993; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1417, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1305; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1410, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1547; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1607(a), (b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3716; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7128(b)(1)(A), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 878; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7614(b)(1)(A), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4833.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334 designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).

2014—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–79 struck out "This grant program shall be based on a matching formula of 50 per centum Federal and 50 per centum State funding." at end.

1990—Pub. L. 101–624, §1607(b)(1), amended section catchline generally.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–624, §1607(b)(1), inserted heading.

Pub. L. 101–624, §1607(a)(1), amended first sentence generally. Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: "The Secretary shall conduct a program of grants to States for the purpose of meeting the costs of construction, employing faculty, acquiring equipment, and taking other action relating to the initial establishment and initial operation of schools of veterinary medicine, or the expansion of existing schools of veterinary medicine, as determned [sic] by the Secretary by regulations."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–624, §1607(b)(2), inserted heading.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 101–624, §1607(a)(2), struck out ", or has made a reasonable effort to establish," after "established", and "and" after "States;".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–624, §1607(a)(3), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "the clinical training of the school to be established or expanded shall emphasize care and preventive medical programs for food-producing animals."

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 101–624, §1607(a)(3), added par. (3).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–624, §1607(b)(3), inserted heading.

1985—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–198 substituted "Five" for "Four".

1981—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 97–98 struck out proviso that not less than 50 per centum of such funds shall be made available to States which have accredited schools of veterinary medicine.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7614(c), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4837, provided that:

"(1) Awards made after date of enactment.—The amendments made by subsections (a) [repealing section 3371 of this title] and (b) [amending this section and sections 3157, 3322, 3333, 5813, 5924, 5925, 5925b, 7626, 7632, and 8114 of this title] shall apply with respect to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards described in subsection (b) that are made after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2018].

"(2) Awards made on or before date of enactment.—Notwithstanding the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b), a matching funds requirement in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act under a provision of law amended by subsection (a) or (b) shall continue to apply to a grant, cooperative agreement, or other award described in subsection (b) that is made on or before the date of the enactment of this Act."

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7128(c)(2), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 879, provided that: "Notwithstanding the amendments made by subsection (b) [amending this section and sections 3157, 3322, 3333, 5813, 5924, 5925, 5925b, 7626, 7632, and 8114 of this title], a matching funds requirement in effect on or before the date of the enactment of this section [Feb. 7, 2014] under a provision of a covered law shall continue to apply to a grant awarded under such provision on or before October 1, 2014."

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.

§3151a. Veterinary medicine loan repayment

(a) Program

(1) Service in shortage situations

The Secretary shall carry out a program of entering into agreements with veterinarians under which the veterinarians agree to provide, for a period of time as determined by the Secretary and specified in the agreement, veterinary services in veterinarian shortage situations. For each year of such service under an agreement under this paragraph, the Secretary shall pay an amount, as determined by the Secretary and specified in the agreement, of the principal and interest of qualifying educational loans of the veterinarians.

(2) Service to Federal Government in emergency situations

(A) In general

The Secretary may enter into agreements of 1 year duration with veterinarians who have agreements pursuant to paragraph (1) for such veterinarians to provide services to the Federal Government in emergency situations, as determined by the Secretary, under terms and conditions specified in the agreement. Pursuant to an agreement under this paragraph, the Secretary shall pay an amount, in addition to the amount paid pursuant to the agreement in paragraph (1), as determined by the Secretary and specified in the agreement, of the principal and interest of qualifying educational loans of the veterinarians.

(B) Requirements

Agreements entered into under this paragraph shall include the following:

(i) A veterinarian shall not be required to serve more than 60 working days per year of the agreement.

(ii) A veterinarian who provides service pursuant to the agreement shall receive a salary commensurate with the duties and shall be reimbursed for travel and per diem expenses as appropriate for the duration of the service.

(b) Determination of veterinarian shortage situations

In determining "veterinarian shortage situations", the Secretary may consider—

(1) geographical areas that the Secretary determines have a shortage of veterinarians; and

(2) areas of veterinary practice that the Secretary determines have a shortage of veterinarians, such as food animal medicine, public health, epidemiology, and food safety.

(c) Administration

(1) Authority

The Secretary may carry out this program directly or enter into agreements with another Federal agency or other service provider to assist in the administration of this program.

(2) Breach remedies

(A) In general

Agreements with program participants shall provide remedies for any breach of an agreement by a participant, including repayment or partial repayment of financial assistance received, with interest.

(B) Amounts recovered

Funds recovered under this subsection shall be credited to the account available to carry out this section and shall remain available until expended.

(3) Waiver

The Secretary may grant a waiver of the repayment obligation for breach of contract in the event of extreme hardship or extreme need, as determined by the Secretary.

(4) Amount

The Secretary shall develop regulations to determine the amount of loan repayment for a year of service by a veterinarian. In making the determination, the Secretary shall consider the extent to which such determination—

(A) affects the ability of the Secretary to maximize the number of agreements that can be provided under the Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program from the amounts appropriated for such agreements; and

(B) provides an incentive to serve in veterinary service shortage areas with the greatest need.

(5) Qualifying educational loans

Loan repayments provided under this section may consist of payments on behalf of participating individuals of the principal and interest on government and commercial loans received by the individual for attendance of the individual at an accredited college of veterinary medicine resulting in a degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine or the equivalent, which loans were made for—

(A) tuition expenses;

(B) all other reasonable educational expenses, including fees, books, and laboratory expenses, incurred by the individual; or

(6) Repayment schedule

The Secretary may enter into an agreement with the holder of any loan for which payments are made under this section to establish a schedule for the making of such payments.

(7) Tax liability

In addition to educational loan repayments, the Secretary shall make such additional payments to participants as the Secretary determines to be appropriate for the purpose of providing reimbursements to participants for individual tax liability resulting from participation in this program.

(8) Priority

In administering the program, the Secretary shall give priority to agreements with veterinarians for the practice of food animal medicine in veterinarian shortage situations.

(d) Use of funds

None of the funds appropriated to the Secretary under subsection (f) may be used to carry out section 5379 of title 5.

(e) Regulations

Notwithstanding subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5, not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations to carry out this section.

(f) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated for carrying out this section such sums as may be necessary and such sums shall remain available to the Secretary for the purposes of this section until expended.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1415A, as added Pub. L. 108–161, §2, Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2014; amended Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7105(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1216; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7105(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1977.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (e), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, §7105(a)(1), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which authorized the Secretary to consider certain factors in determining "veterinarian shortage situations".

Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 110–246, §7105(a)(2), added par. (8).

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 110–246, §7105(a)(3), (4), added subsecs. (d) and (e) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (f).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

§3151b. Veterinary services grant program

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Qualified entity

The term "qualified entity" means—

(A) a for-profit or nonprofit entity located in the United States that, or an individual who, operates a veterinary clinic providing veterinary services—

(i) in a rural area, as defined in section 1991(a) of this title; and

(ii) in a veterinarian shortage situation;

(B) a State, national, allied, or regional veterinary organization or specialty board recognized by the American Veterinary Medical Association;

(D) a university research foundation or veterinary medical foundation;

(E) a department of veterinary science or department of comparative medicine accredited by the Department of Education;

(F) a State agricultural experiment station; or

(G) a State, local, or tribal government agency.

(2) Veterinarian shortage situation

The term "veterinarian shortage situation" means a veterinarian shortage situation as determined by the Secretary under section 3151a of this title.

(b) Establishment

(1) Competitive grants

The Secretary shall carry out a program to make competitive grants to qualified entities that carry out programs or activities described in paragraph (2) for the purpose of developing, implementing, and sustaining veterinary services.

(2) Eligibility requirements

A qualified entity shall be eligible to receive a grant described in paragraph (1) if the entity carries out programs or activities that the Secretary determines will—

(A) substantially relieve veterinarian shortage situations;

(B) support or facilitate private veterinary practices engaged in public health activities; or

(C) support or facilitate the practices of veterinarians who are providing or have completed providing services under an agreement entered into with the Secretary under section 3151a(a)(2) of this title.

(c) Award processes and preferences

(1) Application, evaluation, and input processes

In administering the grant program established under this section, the Secretary shall—

(A) use an appropriate application and evaluation process, as determined by the Secretary; and

(B) seek the input of interested persons.

(2) Coordination preference

In selecting recipients of grants to be used for any of the purposes described in subsection (d)(1), the Secretary shall give a preference to qualified entities that provide documentation of coordination with other qualified entities, with respect to any such purpose.

(3) Consideration of available funds

In selecting recipients of grants to be used for any of the purposes described in subsection (d), the Secretary shall take into consideration the amount of funds available for grants and the purposes for which the grant funds will be used.

(4) Nature of grants

A grant awarded under this section shall be considered to be a competitive research, extension, or education grant.

(d) Use of grants to relieve veterinarian shortage situations and support veterinary services

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), a qualified entity may use funds provided by a grant awarded under this section to relieve veterinarian shortage situations and support veterinary services for any of the following purposes:

(A) To promote recruitment (including for programs in secondary schools), placement, and retention of veterinarians, veterinary technicians, students of veterinary medicine, and students of veterinary technology.

(B) To allow veterinary students, veterinary interns, externs, fellows, and residents, and veterinary technician students to cover expenses (other than the types of expenses described in section 3151a(c)(5) of this title) to attend training programs in food safety or food animal medicine.

(C) To establish or expand accredited veterinary education programs (including faculty recruitment and retention), veterinary residency and fellowship programs, or veterinary internship and externship programs carried out in coordination with accredited colleges of veterinary medicine.

(D) To provide continuing education and extension, including veterinary telemedicine and other distance-based education, for veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and other health professionals needed to strengthen veterinary programs and enhance food safety.

(E) To provide technical assistance for the preparation of applications submitted to the Secretary for designation as a veterinarian shortage situation under this section or section 3151a of this title.

(F) To expose students in grades 11 and 12 to education and career opportunities in food animal medicine.

(2) Qualified entities operating veterinary clinics

A qualified entity described in subsection (a)(1)(A) may only use funds provided by a grant awarded under this section to establish or expand veterinary practices, including—

(A) equipping veterinary offices;

(B) sharing in the reasonable overhead costs of such veterinary practices, as determined by the Secretary; or

(C) establishing mobile veterinary facilities in which a portion of the facilities will address education or extension needs.

(e) Special requirements for certain grants

(1) Terms of service requirements

(A) In general

Funds provided through a grant made under this section to a qualified entity described in subsection (a)(1)(A) and used by such entity under subsection (d)(2) shall be subject to an agreement between the Secretary and such entity that includes a required term of service for such entity (including a qualified entity operating as an individual), as established by the Secretary.

(B) Considerations

In establishing a term of service under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consider only—

(i) the amount of the grant awarded; and

(ii) the specific purpose of the grant.

(2) Breach remedies

(A) In general

An agreement under paragraph (1) shall provide remedies for any breach of the agreement by the qualified entity referred to in paragraph (1)(A), including repayment or partial repayment of the grant funds, with interest.

(B) Waiver

The Secretary may grant a waiver of the repayment obligation for breach of contract if the Secretary determines that such qualified entity demonstrates extreme hardship or extreme need.

(C) Treatment of amounts recovered

Funds recovered under this paragraph shall—

(i) be credited to the account available to carry out this section; and

(ii) remain available until expended without further appropriation.

(f) Prohibition on use of grant funds for construction

Except as provided in subsection (d)(2), funds made available for grants under this section may not be used—

(1) to construct a new building or facility; or

(2) to acquire, expand, remodel, or alter an existing building or facility, including site grading and improvement and architect fees.

(g) Regulations

Not later than 1 year after February 7, 2014, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations to carry out this section.

(h) Authorization of appropriations

(1) In general

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2014 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended.

(2) Priority

From amounts made available for grants under this section, the Secretary shall prioritize grant awards for programs or activities with a focus on the practice of food animal medicine.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1415B, as added Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7104, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 866; amended Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7106, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4783.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (d)(1)(F). Pub. L. 115–334, §7106(1), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 115–334, §7106(2), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).

§3152. Grants and fellowships for food and agricultural sciences education

(a) Higher education teaching programs

The Secretary shall promote and strengthen higher education in the food and agricultural sciences by formulating and administering programs to enhance college and university teaching programs in agriculture, natural resources, forestry, veterinary medicine, home economics, disciplines closely allied to the food and agricultural system, and rural economic, community, and business development.

(b) Grants

The Secretary may make competitive grants (or grants without regard to any requirement for competition) to land-grant colleges and universities (including the University of the District of Columbia), to colleges and universities having significant minority enrollments and a demonstrable capacity to carry out the teaching of food and agricultural sciences, and to other colleges and universities having a demonstrable capacity to carry out the teaching of food and agricultural sciences, for a period not to exceed 5 years—

(1) to strengthen institutional capacities, including curriculum, faculty, scientific instrumentation, instruction delivery systems, and student recruitment and retention, to respond to identified State, regional, national, or international educational needs in the food and agricultural sciences, or in rural economic, community, and business development;

(2) to attract and support undergraduate and graduate students in order to educate the students in national need areas of the food and agricultural sciences, or in rural economic, community, and business development;

(3) to facilitate cooperative initiatives between two or more eligible institutions, or between eligible institutions and units of State government or organizations in the private sector, to maximize the development and use of resources such as faculty, facilities, and equipment to improve food and agricultural sciences teaching programs, or teaching programs emphasizing rural economic, community, and business development;

(4) to design and implement food and agricultural programs, or programs emphasizing rural economic, community, and business development, to build teaching, research, and extension capacity at colleges and universities having significant minority enrollments;

(5) to conduct undergraduate scholarship programs to meet national and international needs for training food and agricultural scientists and professionals, or professionals in rural economic, community, and business development; and

(6) to conduct graduate and postdoctoral fellowship programs to attract highly promising individuals to research or teaching careers in the food and agricultural sciences.

(c) Priorities

In awarding grants under subsection (b), the Secretary shall give priority to—

(1) applications for teaching enhancement projects that demonstrate enhanced coordination among all types of institutions eligible for funding under this section; and

(2) applications for teaching enhancement projects that focus on innovative, multidisciplinary education programs, material, and curricula.

(d) Eligibility for grants

(1) In general

To be eligible for a grant under subsection (b), a recipient institution must have a significant demonstrable commitment to higher education teaching programs in the food and agricultural sciences, or in rural economic, community, and business development, and to each specific subject area for which the grant is to be used.

(2) Minority groups

The Secretary may set aside a portion of the funds appropriated for the awarding of grants under subsection (b), and make such amounts available only for grants to eligible colleges and universities (including the University of the District of Columbia) that the Secretary determines have unique capabilities for achieving the objective of full representation of minority groups in the food and agricultural sciences workforce, or in the rural economic, community, and business development workforce, of the United States.

(3) Research foundations

An eligible college or university under subsection (b) includes a research foundation maintained by the college or university.

(e) Food and agricultural education information system

From amounts made available for grants under this section, the Secretary may maintain a national food and agricultural education information system that contains—

(1) information on enrollment, degrees awarded, faculty, and employment placement in the food and agricultural sciences; and

(2) such other similar information as the Secretary considers appropriate.

(f) Evaluation of teaching programs

The Secretary shall conduct programs to develop, analyze, and provide to colleges and universities data and information that are essential to the evaluation of the quality of teaching programs and to facilitate the design of more effective programs comprising the food and agricultural sciences higher education system of the United States.

(g) Continuing education

The Secretary shall conduct special programs with colleges and universities, and with organizations in the private sector, to support educational initiatives to enable food and agricultural scientists and professionals to maintain their knowledge of changing technology, the expanding knowledge base, societal issues, and other factors that impact the skills and competencies needed to maintain the expertise base available to the agricultural system of the United States. The special programs shall include grants and technical assistance.

(h) Transfers of funds and functions

Funds authorized in section 22 of the Act of June 29, 1935 (49 Stat. 439, chapter 338; 7 U.S.C. 329) are transferred to and shall be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture. There are transferred to the Secretary all the functions and duties of the Secretary of Education under such Act applicable to the activities and programs for which funds are made available under section 22 of such Act.

(i) National Food and Agricultural Sciences Teaching, Extension, and Research Awards

(1) Establishment

(A) In general

The Secretary shall establish a National Food and Agricultural Sciences Teaching, Extension, and Research Awards program to recognize and promote excellence in teaching, extension, and research in the food and agricultural sciences at a college or university.

(B) Minimum requirement

The Secretary shall make at least 1 cash award in each fiscal year to a nominee selected by the Secretary for excellence in each of the areas of teaching, extension, and research of food and agricultural science at a college or university.

(2) Funding

The Secretary may transfer funds from amounts appropriated for the conduct of any agricultural research, extension, or teaching program to an account established pursuant to this section for the purpose of making the awards. The Secretary may accept gifts in accordance with section 2269 of this title for the purpose of making the awards.

(j) Secondary education, 2-year postsecondary education, and agriculture in the K–12 classroom

(1) Definitions

In this subsection:

(A) Institution of higher education

The term "institution of higher education" has the meaning given the term in section 1001 of title 20.

(B) Secondary school

The term "secondary school" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of title 20.

(2) Agriscience and agribusiness education

The Secretary shall—

(A) promote and strengthen secondary education and 2-year postsecondary education in agriscience and agribusiness in order to help ensure the existence in the United States of a qualified workforce to serve the food and agricultural sciences system; and

(B) promote complementary and synergistic linkages among secondary, 2-year postsecondary, and higher education programs in the food and agricultural sciences in order to promote excellence in education and encourage more young Americans to pursue and complete a baccalaureate or higher degree in the food and agricultural sciences.

(3) Grants

The Secretary may make competitive or noncompetitive grants, for grant periods not to exceed 5 years, to public secondary schools, institutions of higher education that award an associate's degree, other institutions of higher education, and nonprofit organizations, that the Secretary determines have made a commitment to teaching agriscience and agribusiness—

(A) to enhance curricula in agricultural education;

(B) to increase faculty teaching competencies;

(C) to interest young people in pursuing higher education in order to prepare for scientific and professional careers in the food and agricultural sciences;

(D) to promote the incorporation of agriscience and agribusiness subject matter into other instructional programs, particularly classes in science, business, and consumer education;

(E) to facilitate joint initiatives by the grant recipient with other secondary schools, institutions of higher education that award an associate's degree, and institutions of higher education that award a bachelor's degree to maximize the development and use of resources, such as faculty, facilities, and equipment, to improve agriscience and agribusiness education;

(F) to support other initiatives designed to meet local, State, regional, or national needs related to promoting excellence in agriscience and agribusiness education; and

(G) to support current agriculture in the classroom programs for grades K–12.

(k) Administration

Chapter 10 of title 5 and title XVIII of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2281 et seq.) shall not apply to a panel or board created for the purpose of reviewing applications and proposals for grants or nominations for awards submitted under this section.

(l) Report

The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a biennial report detailing the distribution of funds used to implement the teaching programs under subsection (j).

(m) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated for carrying out this section—

(1) $60,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1990 through 2013; and

(2) $40,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1417, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 996; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1418, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1305; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1412, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1548; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1608, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3716; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §402(6), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1863; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §805, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1160; Pub. L. 105–185, title II, §223, title III, §301(a)(1), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 539, 562; Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §102(a)(1)(B), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1617; Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1076(c), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2091; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7102, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 431; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §§7106–7109(c), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1217, 1218; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §§7106–7109(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1978, 1979; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7105, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 869; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(ll), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2175; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7107, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4783; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(35), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4309.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Act of June 29, 1935, referred to in subsec. (h), is act June 29, 1935, ch. 338, 49 Stat. 436, popularly known as the Bankhead-Jones Act and also as the Agricultural Research Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1935 Amendment note under section 3101 of this title and Tables.

The Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, referred to in subsec. (k), is Pub. L. 95–113, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 913. Title XVIII of the Act is classified generally to chapter 55A (§2281 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "Chapter 10 of title 5" for "The Federal Advisory Committee Act".

2018—Subsec. (m)(2). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".

2015—Subsec. (j)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–95 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7801 of title 20.

2014—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 113–79 substituted "section—" for "section $60,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1990 through 2012." and added pars. (1) and (2).

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, §7106(1), inserted "(including the University of the District of Columbia)" after "land-grant colleges and universities" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 110–246, §7107, substituted "teaching, research, and extension" for "teaching and research".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 110–246, §7106(2), inserted "(including the University of the District of Columbia)" after "universities".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 110–246, §7108(1), substituted "Teaching, Extension, and Research Awards" for "Teaching Awards" in heading.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §7108(2), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall establish a National Food and Agricultural Sciences Teaching Awards program to recognize and promote excellence in teaching food and agricultural sciences at a college or university. The Secretary shall make at least one cash award in each fiscal year to a nominee selected by the Secretary for excellence in teaching a food and agricultural science at a college or university."

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 110–246, §7109(a)(1), substituted "Secondary education, 2-year postsecondary education, and agriculture in the K–12 classroom" for "Secondary education and 2-year postsecondary education teaching programs" in heading.

Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 110–246, §7109(a)(2)(A), substituted "secondary schools, institutions of higher education that award an associate's degree, other institutions of higher education, and nonprofit organizations" for "secondary schools, and institutions of higher education that award an associate's degree" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (j)(3)(G). Pub. L. 110–246, §7109(a)(2)(B)–(D), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 110–246, §7109(b)(2), added subsec. (l). Former subsec. (l) redesignated (m).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 110–246, §7109(b)(1), (c), redesignated subsec. (l) as (m) and substituted "2012" for "2007".

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–171, §7102(1), struck out "and" after "home economics," and inserted ", and rural economic, community, and business development" before period at end.

Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 107–171, §7102(2)(A), (B), inserted ", or in rural economic, community, and business development" before semicolon.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 107–171, §7102(2)(C), inserted ", or teaching programs emphasizing rural economic, community, and business development" before semicolon.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 107–171, §7102(2)(D), inserted ", or programs emphasizing rural economic, community, and business development," after "agricultural programs".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 107–171, §7102(2)(E), inserted ", or professionals in rural economic, community, and business development" before semicolon.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 107–171, §7102(3)(A), inserted ", or in rural economic, community, and business development," after "food and agricultural sciences".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 107–171, §7102(3)(B), inserted ", or in the rural economic, community, and business development workforce," after "food and agricultural sciences workforce".

Subsec. (j)(1)(B). Pub. L. 107–110 substituted "7801" for "8801(25)".

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 107–171, §7102(4), substituted "2007" for "2002".

1998—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 105–185, §223(1), (2), added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–185, §223(3), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (g).

Subsecs. (f) to (i). Pub. L. 105–185, §223(1), redesignated subsecs. (d) to (g) as (f) to (i), respectively. Former subsecs. (h) and (i) redesignated (j) and (k), respectively.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–185, §223(1), redesignated subsec. (h) as (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (l).

Subsec. (j)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–244 substituted "section 1001 of title 20" for "section 1141(a) of title 20".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 105–185, §223(1), redesignated subsec. (i) as (k).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 105–185, §301(a)(1), substituted "2002" for "1997".

Pub. L. 105–185, §223(1), redesignated subsec. (j) as (l).

1996—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 104–127, §805(a), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "to design and implement innovative food and agricultural educational programs;".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 104–127, §805(b), added par. (3).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 104–127, §805(d)(2), added subsec. (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104–127, §805(d)(1), redesignated subsec. (h) as (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (j).

Pub. L. 104–127, §805(c), substituted "1997" for "1995".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104–127, §805(d)(1), redesignated subsec. (i) as (j).

1991—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–237 struck out at end "Of amounts appropriated to carry out this section for a fiscal year, not less than $10,000,000 shall be used for the national needs graduate fellowship program referred to in subsection (b)(6) of this section."

1990—Pub. L. 101–624 amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which established grant categories for promotion and development of higher education in food and agricultural sciences, provided for program of predoctoral and postdoctoral fellowships in food and agricultural sciences, provided for transfer of funds, functions and duties to Secretary of Agriculture, authorized appropriations to carry out the section, and provided for nonapplicability of certain Federal laws to any panel or board created to review applications submitted under the section.

1985—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 99–198, §1412(a)(1), substituted "Each" for "Such grants shall be made without regard to matching funds, but each".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 99–198, §1412(a)(2), substituted "Each recipient institution shall have a significant ongoing commitment to the food and agricultural sciences generally and to the specific subject area for which such grant is to be used." for "Such grants shall be made without regard to matching funds provided by recipients."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–198, §1412(b), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: "There are hereby authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of carrying out the provisions of this section $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, $30,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, $35,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, $40,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, and $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years ending September 30, 1982, September 30, 1983, September 30, 1984, and September 30, 1985, and not in excess of such sums as may after the date of enactment of this title be authorized by law for any subsequent fiscal year."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–198, §1412(c), added subsec. (e).

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–98, §1418(a), substituted provisions authorizing the Secretary to promote and develop higher education in the food and agricultural science by formulating and administering higher education programs, to make grants to land-grant colleges and universities and other institutions capable of teaching food and agricultural education for specified purposes for a period not to exceed five years without regard to matching funds and to make competitive grants to colleges and universities to develop or administer programs to meet unique food and agricultural educational problems, and to administer and conduct specialized programs and graduate fellowship programs for a period not to exceed five years without regard to matching funds for provisions relating to competitive grants to all colleges and universities for the purpose of furthering education in the food and agricultural sciences in two specified categories.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–98 inserted provisions relating to the transfer to the Secretary of all the functions and duties of the Secretary of Education under the act of June 29, 1935, applicable to the activities and programs for which funds are made available under section 329 of this title.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–98, §1418(c), inserted provisions relating to the authorization of appropriations for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1983, Sept. 30, 1984, and Sept. 30, 1985.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7109(d), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1218, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7109(d), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1979, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] take effect on October 1, 2008."

[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.]

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–110 effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of Title 20, Education.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.

§3153. National Agricultural Science Award

(a) Establishment

The Secretary shall establish the National Agricultural Science Award for research or advanced studies in the food and agricultural sciences, including the social sciences. Two such awards, one for each of the categories described in subsection (d) of this section, shall be made in each fiscal year.

(b) Amount and term

The awards shall not exceed $50,000 per year for a period of not to exceed three years to support research or study by the recipient.

(c) Eligibility

The awards shall be open to persons in agricultural research, extension, teaching, or any combination thereof.

(d) Categories

Awards under this section shall be made in each fiscal year in two categories as follows:

(1) to a scientist in recognition of outstanding contributions to the advancement of the food and agricultural sciences; and

(2) to a research scientist in early career development or a graduate student, in recognition of demonstrated capability and promise of significant future achievement in the food and agricultural sciences.

(e) Nominating and selection committees

The Secretary may establish such nominating and selection committees, to consist of scientists and others, to receive nominations and make recommendations for awards under this section, as the Secretary deems appropriate.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1418, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 997; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1420(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1306.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–98, §1420(a)(2), substituted "Science Award" for "Research Award", and "subsection (d)" for "subsection (c)".

Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 97–98, §1420(a)(3), (4), added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) and (d) as (d) and (e), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.

§3154. Repealed. Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7110(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1218, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7110(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1980

Section, Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1419, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 997; Pub. L. 96–294, title II, §252, June 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1422, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1306; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1609(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3718; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §402(7), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1863; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §806, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1162; Pub. L. 105–185, title III, §301(a)(2), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 562; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §§7134, 7209(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 436, 445, related to grants for research on production and marketing of alcohols and industrial hydrocarbons from agricultural commodities and forest products.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 repealed this section. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

§3155. Agricultural and food policy research centers

(a) In general

Consistent with this section, the Secretary shall, acting through the Office of the Chief Economist, make competitive grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements with, policy research centers described in subsection (b) to conduct research and education programs that are objective, operationally independent, and external to the Federal Government and that concern the effect of public policies and trade agreements on—

(1) the farm and agricultural sectors (including commodities, livestock, dairy, and specialty crops);

(2) the environment;

(3) rural families, households, and economies; and

(4) consumers, food, and nutrition.

(b) Eligible recipients

An entity eligible to apply for funding under subsection (a) is a State agricultural experiment station, college or university, or other public research institution or organization that has a history of providing—

(1) unbiased, nonpartisan economic analysis to Congress on the areas specified in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a); or

(2) objective, scientific information to Federal agencies and the public to support and enhance efficient, accurate implementation of Federal drought preparedness and drought response programs, including interagency thresholds used to determine eligibility for mitigation or emergency assistance.

(c) Preference

In making awards under this section, the Secretary shall give a preference to policy research centers that have—

(1) extensive databases, models, and demonstrated experience in providing Congress with agricultural market projections, rural development analysis, agricultural policy analysis, and baseline projections at the farm, multiregional, national, and international levels; or

(2) information, analysis, and research relating to drought mitigation.

(d) Activities

Under this section, funding may be provided for disciplinary and interdisciplinary research and education concerning policy research activities consistent with this section, including activities that—

(1) quantify the implications of public policies and regulations;

(2) develop theoretical and applied research methods;

(3) collect, analyze, and disseminate data for policymakers, analysts, and individuals; and

(4) develop programs to train analysts.

(e) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1419A, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §807, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1162; amended Pub. L. 105–185, title II, §224, title III, §301(a)(3), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 540, 562; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §§7103, 7216, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 432, 449; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7111, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1219; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7111, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1980; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7106, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 869; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7108, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4783.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(1), substituted "Agricultural and food policy" for "Policy" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(2), substituted "Secretary shall, acting through the Office of the Chief Economist, make competitive grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements with," for "Secretary may make grants, competitive grants, and special research grants to, and enter into cooperative agreements and other contracting instruments with," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(3), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "State agricultural experiment stations, colleges and universities, other research institutions and organizations (including the Food Agricultural Policy Research Institute, the Agricultural and Food Policy Center, the Rural Policy Research Institute, and the National Drought Mitigation Center), private organizations, corporations, and individuals shall be eligible to apply for funding under subsection (a) of this section."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(5), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(4), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(6), inserted "applied" after "theoretical and".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(7), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 1996 through 2012."

Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(4), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e).

2008—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §7111(1), inserted "(including commodities, livestock, dairy, and specialty crops)" after "agricultural sectors".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, §7111(2), inserted "(including the Food Agricultural Policy Research Institute, the Agricultural and Food Policy Center, the Rural Policy Research Institute, and the National Drought Mitigation Center)" after "research institutions and organizations".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, §7111(3), substituted "2012" for "2007".

2002—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 107–171, §7216, substituted "collect, analyze, and disseminate data" for "collect and analyze data".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–171, §7103, substituted "2007" for "2002".

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–185, §224, inserted "and trade agreements" after "public policies" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–185, §301(a)(3), substituted "each of fiscal years 1996 through 2002" for "fiscal years 1996 and 1997".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

§3156. Education grants to Alaska Native serving institutions and Native Hawaiian serving institutions

(a) Education grants program for Alaska Native serving institutions

(1) Grant authority

The Secretary of Agriculture may make competitive grants to Alaska Native serving institutions for the purpose of promoting and strengthening the ability of Alaska Native serving institutions to carry out education, applied research, and related community development programs.

(2) Use of grant funds

Grants made under this section shall be used—

(A) to support the activities of consortia of Alaska Native serving institutions to enhance educational equity for under represented students;

(B) to strengthen institutional educational capacities, including libraries, curriculum, faculty, scientific instrumentation, instruction delivery systems, and student recruitment and retention, in order to respond to identified State, regional, national, or international educational needs in the food and agriculture sciences;

(C) to attract and support undergraduate and graduate students from under represented groups in order to prepare them for careers related to the food, agricultural, and natural resource systems of the United States, beginning with the mentoring of students at the high school level including by village elders and continuing with the provision of financial support for students through their attainment of a doctoral degree; and

(D) to facilitate cooperative initiatives between two or more Alaska Native serving institutions, or between Alaska Native serving institutions and units of State government or the private sector, to maximize the development and use of resources, such as faculty, facilities, and equipment, to improve food and agricultural sciences teaching programs.

(3) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to make grants under this subsection $10,000,000 in fiscal years 2001 through 2023.

(b) Education grants program for Native Hawaiian serving institutions

(1) Grant authority

The Secretary of Agriculture may make competitive grants to Native Hawaiian serving institutions for the purpose of promoting and strengthening the ability of Native Hawaiian serving institutions to carry out education, applied research, and related community development programs.

(2) Use of grant funds

Grants made under this section shall be used—

(A) to support the activities of consortia of Native Hawaiian serving institutions to enhance educational equity for under represented students, including permitting consortia to designate fiscal agents for the members of the consortia and to allocate among the members funds made available under this section;

(C) to attract and support undergraduate and graduate students from under represented groups in order to prepare them for careers related to the food, agricultural, and natural resource systems of the United States, beginning with the mentoring of students at the high school level and continuing with the provision of financial support for students through their attainment of a doctoral degree; and

(D) to facilitate cooperative initiatives between two or more Native Hawaiian serving institutions, or between Native Hawaiian serving institutions and units of State government or the private sector, to maximize the development and use of resources, such as faculty, facilities, and equipment, to improve food and agricultural sciences teaching programs.

(3) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to make grants under this subsection $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1419B, formerly Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, §759, Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1172; renumbered Pub. L. 95–113, §1419B, and amended Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7112, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1219, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7112, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1980; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7107, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 870; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7109, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4783.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 both renumbered this section as section 1419B of Pub. L. 95–113 and made identical amendments to this section. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section was formerly classified to section 3242 of this title.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 115–334, §7109(1), substituted "2023" for "2018".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–334, §7109(2), substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, §7107(1)(A), struck out "(or grants without regard to any requirement for competition)" after "competitive grants".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 113–79, §7107(1)(B), substituted "2018" for "2012".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, §7107(2)(A), struck out "(or grants without regard to any requirement for competition)" after "competitive grants".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 113–79, §7107(2)(B), substituted "2018" for "2012".

2008—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 110–246, §7112(1)(A), substituted "2012" for "2006".

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–246, §7112(1)(B)(i), inserted ", including permitting consortia to designate fiscal agents for the members of the consortia and to allocate among the members funds made available under this section" before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 110–246, §7112(1)(B)(ii), substituted "2012" for "2006".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

§3157. Competitive, special, and facilities research grants

(a) Establishment of grant program

(1) In order to promote research in food, agriculture, and related areas, a research grants program is hereby established in the Department of Agriculture.

(2) Short Title.—This section may be cited as the "Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act".

(b) Agriculture and food research initiative

(1) Establishment

There is established in the Department of Agriculture an Agriculture and Food Research Initiative under which the Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this subsection as "the Secretary") may make competitive grants for fundamental and applied research, extension, and education to address food and agricultural sciences (as defined under section 3103 of this title).

(2) Priority areas

The competitive grants program established under this subsection shall address the following areas:

(A) Plant health and production and plant products

Plant systems, including—

(i) plant genome structure and function;

(ii) molecular and cellular genetics and plant biotechnology;

(iii) conventional breeding, including cultivar and breed development, selection theory, applied quantitative genetics, breeding for improved food quality, breeding for improved local adaptation to biotic stress and abiotic stress, and participatory breeding;

(iv) plant-pest interactions and biocontrol systems;

(v) crop plant response to environmental stresses;

(vi) unproved nutrient qualities of plant products; and

(vii) new food and industrial uses of plant products.

(B) Animal health and production and animal products

Animal systems, including—

(i) aquaculture;

(ii) cellular and molecular basis of animal reproduction, growth, disease, and health;

(iii) animal biotechnology;

(iv) conventional breeding, including breed development, selection theory, applied quantitative genetics, breeding for improved food quality, breeding for improved local adaptation to biotic stress and abiotic stress, and participatory breeding;

(v) identification of genes responsible for improved production traits and resistance to disease;

(vi) improved nutritional performance of animals;

(vii) improved nutrient qualities of animal products and uses;

(viii) the development of new and improved animal husbandry and production systems that take into account production efficiency, animal well-being, and animal systems applicable to aquaculture;

(ix) the research and development of surveillance methods, vaccines, vaccination delivery systems, or diagnostic tests for pests and diseases, including—

(I) epizootic diseases in domestic livestock (including deer, elk, bison, and other animals of the family Cervidae); and

(II) zoonotic diseases (including bovine brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis) in domestic livestock or wildlife reservoirs that present a potential concern to public health; and

(x) the identification of animal drug needs and the generation and dissemination of data for safe and effective therapeutic applications of animal drugs for minor species and minor uses of such drugs in major species.

(C) Food safety, nutrition, and health

Nutrition, food safety and quality, and health, including—

(i) microbial contaminants and pesticides residue relating to human health;

(ii) links between diet and health;

(iii) bioavailability of nutrients;

(iv) postharvest physiology and practices; and

(v) improved processing technologies.

(D) Bioenergy, natural resources, and environment

Natural resources and the environment, including—

(i) fundamental structures and functions of ecosystems;

(ii) biological and physical bases of sustainable production systems;

(iii) soil health;

(iv) minimizing soil and water losses and sustaining surface water and ground water quality;

(v) the effectiveness of conservation practices and technologies designed to address nutrient losses and improve water quality;

(vi) global climate effects on agriculture;

(vii) forestry; and

(viii) biological diversity.

(E) Agriculture systems and technology

Engineering, products, and processes, including—

(i) new uses and new products from traditional and nontraditional crops, animals, byproducts, and natural resources;

(ii) robotics, energy efficiency, computing, and expert systems;

(iii) new hazard and risk assessment and mitigation measures;

(iv) water quality and management; and

(v) tools that accelerate the use of automation or mechanization for labor-intensive tasks in the production and distribution of crops.

(F) Agriculture economics and rural communities

Markets, trade, economics, and policy, including—

(i) strategies for entering into and being competitive in domestic and overseas markets;

(ii) farm efficiency and profitability, including the viability and competitiveness of small and medium-sized dairy, livestock, crop and other commodity operations;

(iii) new decision tools for farm and market systems;

(iv) choices and applications of technology;

(v) the economic costs, benefits, and viability of producers adopting conservation practices and technologies designed to improve water quality;

(vi) technology assessment;

(vii) new approaches to rural development, including rural entrepreneurship; and

(viii) barriers and bridges to entry and farm viability for young, beginning, socially disadvantaged, veteran, and immigrant farmers and ranchers, including farm succession, transition, transfer, entry, and profitability issues.

(3) Term

The term of a competitive grant made under this subsection may not exceed 10 years.

(4) General administration

In making grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall—

(A) seek and accept proposals for grants;

(B) determine the relevance and merit of proposals through a system of peer and merit review in accordance with section 7613 of this title;

(D) solicit and consider input from persons who conduct or use agricultural research, extension, or education in accordance with section 7612(b) of this title;

(E) in seeking proposals for grants under this subsection and in performing peer review evaluations of such proposals, seek the widest participation of qualified individuals in the Federal Government, colleges and universities, State agricultural experiment stations, and the private sector; and

(F) establish procedures, including timelines, under which an entity established under a commodity promotion law (as such term is defined under section 7401(a) of this title) or a State commodity board (or other equivalent State entity) may directly submit to the Secretary for consideration proposals for requests for applications that specifically address particular issues related to the priority areas specified in paragraph (2).

(5) Allocation of funds

In making grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall allocate funds to the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative to ensure that, of funds allocated for research activities—

(A) not less than 60 percent is made available to make grants for fundamental research (as defined in subsection (f)(1) of section 6971 of this title), of which—

(i) not less than 30 percent is made available to make grants for research to be conducted by multidisciplinary teams; and

(ii) not more than 2 percent is used for equipment grants under paragraph (6)(A); and

(B) not less than 40 percent is made available to make grants for applied research (as defined in subsection (f)(1) of section 6971 of this title).

(6) Special considerations

In making grants under this subsection, the Secretary may assist in the development of capabilities in the agricultural, food, and environmental sciences by providing grants—

(A) to an institution to allow for the improvement of the research, development, technology transfer, and education capacity of the institution through the acquisition of special research equipment and the improvement of agricultural education and teaching, except that the Secretary shall use not less than 25 percent of the funds made available for grants under this subparagraph to provide fellowships to outstanding pre- and post-doctoral students for research in the agricultural sciences;

(B) to a single investigator or coinvestigators who are beginning research careers and do not have an extensive research publication record, except that, to be eligible for a grant under this subparagraph, an individual shall be within 5 years of the beginning of the initial career track position of the individual;

(C) to ensure that the faculty of small, mid-sized, and minority-serving institutions who have not previously been successful in obtaining competitive grants under this subsection receive a portion of the grants;

(D) to improve research, extension, and education capabilities in States (as defined in section 3103 of this title) in which institutions have been less successful in receiving funding under this subsection, based on a 3-year rolling average of funding levels;

(E) to eligible entities to carry out the specific proposals submitted under procedures established under paragraph (4)(F) only if such specific proposals are consistent with a priority area specified in paragraph (2); and

(F) to an institution to carry out collaboration in biomedical and agricultural research using existing research models.

(7) Eligible entities

The Secretary may make grants to carry out research, extension, and education under this subsection to—

(A) State agricultural experiment stations;

(B) colleges and universities;

(D) other research institutions and organizations;

(E) Federal agencies;

(F) national laboratories;

(G) private organizations, foundations, or corporations;

(H) individuals; or

(I) any group consisting of 2 or more of the entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (H).

(8) Construction prohibited

Funds made available for grants under this subsection shall not be used for the construction of a new building or facility or the acquisition, expansion, remodeling, or alteration of an existing building or facility (including site grading and improvement, and architect fees).

(9) Matching funds

(A) Equipment grants

(i) In general

Except as provided in clause (ii), in the case of a grant made under paragraph (6)(A), the amount provided under this subsection may not exceed 50 percent of the cost of the special research equipment or other equipment acquired using funds from the grant.

(ii) Waiver

The Secretary may waive all or part of the matching requirement under clause (i) in the case of a college, university, or research foundation maintained by a college or university that ranks in the lowest 1/3 of such colleges, universities, and research foundations on the basis of Federal research funds received, if the equipment to be acquired using funds from the grant costs not more than $25,000 and has multiple uses within a single research project or is usable in more than 1 research project.

(B) Contribution requirement for commodity promotion grants

(i) In general

Subject to clause (ii), as a condition of funding a grant under paragraph (6)(E), the Secretary shall require that the grant be matched with an equal contribution of funds from the entities described in paragraph (4)(F) submitting proposals under procedures established under such paragraph.

(ii) Availability of funds

(I) In general

Contributions required by clause (i) shall be available to the Secretary for obligation and remain available until expended for the purpose of making grants under paragraph (6)(E).

(II) Administration

Of amounts contributed to the Secretary under clause (i), not more than 4 percent may be retained by the Secretary to pay administrative costs incurred by the Secretary in carrying out this subsection.

(III) Restriction

Funds contributed to the Secretary by an entity under clause (i) in connection with a proposal submitted by that entity under procedures established under paragraph (4)(F) may only be used to fund grants in connection with that proposal.

(IV) Remaining funds

Funds contributed to the Secretary by an entity under clause (i) that remain unobligated at the time of grant closeout shall be returned to that entity.

(V) Indirect costs

The indirect cost rate applicable to appropriated funds for a grant funded under paragraph (6)(E) shall apply to amounts contributed by an entity under clause (i).

(C) Applied research

An entity receiving a grant under paragraph (5)(B) for applied research that is commodity-specific and not of national scope shall provide non-Federal matching funds equal to not less than the amount of the grant.

(10) Program administration

To the maximum extent practicable, the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, in coordination with the Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics, shall allocate grants under this subsection to high-priority research, taking into consideration, when available, the determinations made by the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board (as established under section 3123 of this title).

(11) Authorization of appropriations

(A) In general

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $700,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2023, of which—

(i) not less than 30 percent shall be made available for integrated research pursuant to section 7626 of this title; and

(ii) not more than 5 percent may be retained by the Secretary to pay administrative costs incurred by the Secretary in carrying out this subsection.

(B) Availability

Funds made available under this paragraph shall—

(i) be available for obligation for a 2-year period beginning on October 1 of the fiscal year for which the funds are first made available; and

(ii) remain available until expended to pay for obligations incurred during that 2-year period.

(c) Special grants

(1) The Secretary of Agriculture may make grants, for periods not to exceed 3 years—

(A) to State agricultural experiment stations, all colleges and universities, other research institutions and organizations, Federal agencies, private organizations or corporations, and individuals for the purpose of conducting research, extension, or education activities to facilitate or expand promising breakthroughs in areas of the food and agricultural sciences of importance to the United States; and

(B) to State agricultural experiment stations, land-grant colleges and universities, research foundations established by land-grant colleges and universities, colleges and universities receiving funds under the Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), and accredited schools or colleges of veterinary medicine for the purpose of facilitating or expanding ongoing State-Federal food and agricultural research, extension, or education programs that—

(i) promote excellence in research, extension, or education on a regional and national level;

(ii) promote the development of regional research centers;

(iii) promote the research partnership between the Department of Agriculture, colleges and universities, research foundations, and State agricultural experiment stations for regional research efforts; and

(iv) facilitate coordination and cooperation of research, extension, or education among States through regional grants.

(2) Limitations.—The Secretary may not make a grant under this subsection for the planning, repair, rehabilitation, acquisition, or construction of a building or facility.

(3) Matching Funds.—Grants made under this subsection shall be made without regard to matching funds.

(4) Set Asides.—Of amounts appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this subsection—

(A) ninety percent of such amounts shall be used for grants for regional research projects; and

(B) four percent of such amounts may be retained by the Secretary to pay administrative costs incurred by the Secretary to carry out this subsection.

(5) Review requirements.—

(A) Research activities.—The Secretary shall make a grant under this subsection for a research activity only if the activity has undergone scientific peer review arranged by the grantee in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary.

(B) Extension and education activities.—The Secretary shall make a grant under this subsection for an extension or education activity only if the activity has undergone merit review arranged by the grantee in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary.

(6) Reports.—

(A) In general.—A recipient of a grant under this subsection shall submit to the Secretary on an annual basis a report describing the results of the research, extension, or education activity and the merit of the results.

(B) Public availability.—

(i) In general.—Except as provided in clause (ii), on request, the Secretary shall make the report available to the public.

(ii) Exceptions.—Clause (i) shall not apply to the extent that making the report, or a part of the report, available to the public is not authorized or permitted by section 552 of title 5 or section 1905 of title 18.

(d) Extension design and demonstration initiative

(1) Purpose

The purpose of this subsection is to encourage the design of adaptive prototype systems for improving extension and education that seek to advance the application, translation, and demonstration of scientific discoveries and other agricultural research for the adoption and understanding of food, agricultural, and natural resources practices, techniques, methods, and technologies using digital or other novel platforms.

(2) Grants

The Secretary shall award grants each fiscal year on a competitive basis—

(A) for the design of 1 or more extension and education prototype systems—

(i) that leverage digital platforms or other novel means of translating, delivering, or demonstrating agricultural research; and

(ii) to adapt, apply, translate, or demonstrate scientific findings, data, technology, and other research outcomes to producers, the agricultural industry, and other interested persons or organizations; and

(B) to demonstrate, by incorporating analytics and specific metrics, the value, impact, and return on the Federal investment of a prototype system designed under subparagraph (A) as a model for use by other eligible entities described in paragraph (3) for improving, modernizing, and adapting applied research, demonstration, and extension services.

(3) Eligible entities

An entity that is eligible to receive a grant under paragraph (2) is—

(A) a State agricultural experiment station (as defined in section 3103 of this title);

(B) a cooperative extension service (as defined in such section); and

(4) Requirement

The Secretary shall award grants under paragraph (2) to not fewer than 2 and not more than 5 eligible entities described in paragraph (3) that represent a diversity of regions, commodities, and agricultural or food production issues.

(5) Term

The term of a grant awarded under paragraph (2) shall be not longer than 5 years.

(6) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023, to remain available until expended.

(e) Inter-Regional Research Project Number 4

(1) The Secretary of Agriculture shall establish an Inter-Regional Research Project Number 4 (hereinafter referred to in this subsection as the "IR–4 Program") to assist in the collection of residue and efficacy data in support of—

(A) the registration or reregistration of pesticides for minor agricultural use and for use on specialty crops (as defined in section 3 of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 (7 U.S.C. 1621 note)), under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.); and

(B) tolerances for residues of minor use chemicals in or on raw agricultural commodities under sections 346a and 348 of title 21.

(2) The Secretary shall carry out the IR–4 Program in cooperation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, State agricultural experiment stations, colleges and universities, extension services, private industry, and other interested parties.

(3) In carrying out the IR–4 Program, the Secretary shall give priority to registrations, reregistrations, and tolerances for pesticide uses related to the production of agricultural crops for food use.

(4) As part of carrying out the IR–4 Program, the Secretary shall—

(A) participate in research activities aimed at reducing residues of pesticides registered for minor agricultural use and for use on specialty crops;

(B) develop analytical techniques applicable to residues of pesticides registered for minor agricultural use, including automation techniques and validation of analytical methods;

(D) conduct research to develop the data necessary to facilitate pesticide registrations, reregistrations, and associated tolerances;

(E) assist in removing trade barriers caused by residues of pesticides registered for minor agricultural use and for use on domestically grown specialty crops;

(F) assist in the registration and reregistration of pest management technologies for minor agricultural use and for use on specialty crops; and

(G) coordinate with other programs within the Department of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Agency designed to develop and promote biological and other alternative control measures.

(5) The Secretary shall prepare and submit, to appropriate Committees of Congress, a report on an annual basis that contains—

(A) a listing of all registrations, reregistrations, and tolerances for which data has been collected in the preceding year;

(B) a listing of all registrations, reregistrations, and tolerances for which data collection is scheduled to occur in the following year, with an explanation of the priority system used to develop this list; and

(6) The Secretary shall submit to Congress not later than November 28, 1991, a report detailing the feasibility of requiring recoupment of the costs of developing residue data for registrations, reregistrations, or tolerances under this program. Such recoupment shall only apply to those registrants which make a profit on such registration, reregistration, or tolerance subsequent to residue data development under this program. Such report shall include:

(A) an analysis of possible benefits to the IR–4 Program of such a recoupment;

(B) an analysis of the impact of such a payment on the availability of registrants to pursue registrations or reregistrations of minor use pesticides; and

(7) There are authorized to be appropriated $25,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, and such sums as are necessary for subsequent fiscal years to carry out this subsection.

(f) Record keeping

Each recipient of assistance under this section shall keep such records as the Secretary of Agriculture shall, by regulation, prescribe, including records which fully disclose the amount and disposition by such recipient of the proceeds of such grants, the total cost of the project or undertaking in connection with which such funds are given or used, and the amount of that portion of the costs of the project or undertaking supplied by other sources, and such other records as will facilitate an effective audit. The Secretary of Agriculture and the Comptroller General of the United States or any of their duly authorized representatives shall have access for the purpose of audit and examination to any books, documents, papers, and records of the recipients that are pertinent to the grants received under this section.

(g) Limits on overhead costs

The Secretary of Agriculture shall limit allowable overhead costs, with respect to grants awarded under this section, to those necessary to carry out the purposes of the grants.

(h) Authorization of appropriations

Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b), (d), and (e), there are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.

(i) Rules

The Secretary of Agriculture may issue such rules and regulations as the Secretary deems necessary to carry out this section.

(j) Application of other laws

(k) Emphasis on sustainable agriculture

The Secretary of Agriculture shall ensure that grants made under subsections (b) and (c) are, where appropriate, consistent with the development of systems of sustainable agriculture. For purposes of this section, the term "sustainable agriculture" has the meaning given that term in section 3103 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–106, §2, Aug. 4, 1965, 79 Stat. 431; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1414, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 991; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1415, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1303; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1409, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1546; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIV, §1497, title XVI, §§1615, 1616, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3630, 3729, 3732; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §401, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1862; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1011(v), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 711; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §885, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1179; Pub. L. 105–185, title II, §§211, 212, title III, §301(f), title VI, §606(h), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 536, 563, 604; Pub. L. 107–76, title VII, §775, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 746; Pub. L. 107–171, title VI, §6403(b), title VII, §§7136, 7211, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 429, 436, 447; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §§7101(b)(2), 7406(a), (b)(2), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1213, 1247, 1251; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §§7101(b)(2), 7406(a), (b)(2), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1974, 2009, 2013; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §§7128(b)(4), 7404, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 879, 895; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §§7504, 7505, 7614(b)(4)(B), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4821, 4822, 4836; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(36), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4309.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Act of October 10, 1962, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(B), is Pub. L. 87–788, Oct. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 806, popularly known as the "McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962" and also as the "McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act", which is classified generally to subchapter III (§582a et seq.) of chapter 3 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 582a of Title 16 and Tables.

Section 3 of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(A), is section 3 of Pub. L. 108–465, which is set out as a note under section 1621 of this title.

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(A), is act June 25, 1947, ch. 125, as amended generally by Pub. L. 92–516, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 973, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§136 et seq.) of chapter 6 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 136 of this title and Tables.

The Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, referred to in subsec. (j), is Pub. L. 95–113, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 913. Title XVIII of the Act is classified generally to chapter 55A (§2281 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 450i of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Section was enacted as the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act, and not as part of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 which comprises this chapter.

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "Chapter 10 of title 5" for "The Federal Advisory Committee Act".

2018—Subsec. (b)(2)(D)(iii) to (viii). Pub. L. 115–334, §7504(1)(A), added cl. (iii) and redesignated former cls. (iii) to (vii) as (iv) to (viii), respectively.

Subsec. (b)(2)(E)(v). Pub. L. 115–334, §7504(1)(B), added cl. (v).

Subsec. (b)(2)(F)(viii). Pub. L. 115–334, §7504(1)(C), added cl. (viii).

Subsec. (b)(6)(F). Pub. L. 115–334, §7504(2), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (b)(9)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 115–334, §7614(b)(4)(B)(i), struck out cl. (iii). Text read as follows: "The matching funds requirement under section 3371 of this title shall not apply in the case of a grant made under paragraph (6)(A)."

Subsec. (b)(9)(B)(i). Pub. L. 115–334, §7614(b)(4)(B)(ii)(I), substituted "clause (ii)," for "clauses (ii) and (iii),".

Subsec. (b)(9)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 115–334, §7614(b)(4)(B)(ii)(II), struck out cl. (iii). Text read as follows: "The contribution requirement under clause (i) shall be in addition to any matching funds requirement for grant recipients required by section 3371 of this title."

Subsec. (b)(9)(C). Pub. L. 115–334, §7614(b)(4)(B)(iii), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (b)(11)(A). Pub. L. 115–334, §7504(3)(A), substituted "2023" for "2018" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(11)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 115–334, §7504(3)(B), substituted "5" for "4".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 115–334, §7505(b)(1), substituted "this subsection" for "this subsection—", struck out subpar. (B) designation before "for the planning", and struck out subpar. (A) which read as follows: "for any purpose for which a grant may be made under subsection (d); or".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–334, §7505(a), added subsec. (d).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 115–334, §7505(b)(2), inserted ", (d)," after "subsections (b)".

2014—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ix), (x). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(b)(1), added cls. (ix) and (x).

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(b)(2)(A), substituted "Bioenergy" for "Renewable energy" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(2)(D)(iv) to (vii). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(b)(2)(B), (C), added cl. (iv) and redesignated former cls. (iv) to (vi) as (v) to (vii), respectively.

Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(b)(3)(A), inserted "economics," after "trade," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2)(F)(v) to (vii). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(b)(3)(B), (C), added cl. (v) and redesignated former cls. (v) and (vi) as (vi) and (vii), respectively.

Subsec. (b)(4)(F). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(c), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (b)(6)(E). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(d), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (b)(7)(G). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(e), substituted ", foundations, or corporations" for "or corporations".

Subsec. (b)(9)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 113–79, §7128(b)(4)(A), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (b)(9)(B). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(f), added subpar. (B).

Pub. L. 113–79, §7128(b)(4)(B), struck out subpar. (B) which related to applied research.

Subsec. (b)(11)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(a), substituted "2018" for "2012" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(g)(1), substituted "pesticides for minor agricultural use and for use on specialty crops (as defined in section 3 of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 (7 U.S.C. 1621 note))," for "minor use pesticides".

Subsec. (e)(4)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(g)(2)(A), inserted "and for use on specialty crops" after "minor agricultural use".

Subsec. (e)(4)(C) to (G). Pub. L. 113–79, §7404(g)(2)(B)–(D), added subpars. (C) to (F) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (G).

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, §7406(a), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) authorized the Secretary to make competitive grants for research to further Department of Agriculture programs and to conduct a program to improve research capabilities in the agricultural, food, and environmental sciences and required an annual report to Congress describing the operations of the program during the preceding fiscal year.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, §7406(b)(2), struck out subsec. (d) which related to annual grants to support the renovation and refurbishment of research spaces in buildings or spaces to be used for research and the purchase and installation of fixed equipment in such spaces.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(b)(2), which directed amendment of "Section 2(k) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act" by substituting "3103" for "3103(17)", was executed by making the substitution to subsec. (k) of this section, which is the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

2002—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 107–171, §7211, substituted "in the areas described in subparagraphs (A) through (F). Such needs shall be determined by the Secretary, in consultation with the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board, not later than July 1 of each fiscal year for the purposes of the following fiscal year." for "in—" in provisions preceding subpar. (A).

Subsec. (b)(8)(B). Pub. L. 107–171, §6403(b), substituted "college, university, or research foundation maintained by a college or university that ranks in the lowest 1/3 of such colleges, universities, and research foundations on the basis of Federal research funds received" for "smaller college or university (as described in section 2204f(c)(2)(C)(ii) of this title)" in second sentence.

Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 107–171, §7136, substituted "2007" for "2002" in introductory provisions.

2001—Subsec. (b)(3)(G). Pub. L. 107–76, §775(1), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (b)(10)(C). Pub. L. 107–76, §775(2), substituted ", (F), and (G) of paragraph (3) for" for "and (F) of paragraph (3) for awarding grants in".

1998—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–185, §§211(1), 606(h)(1), in first sentence, inserted "national laboratories," after "Federal agencies," and in second sentence, substituted "National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board (as established under section 3123 of this title)" for "Joint Council on Food and Agricultural Sciences and the National Agricultural Research and Extension Users Advisory Board".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–185, §211(2), substituted "multistate" for "regional" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(3)(E). Pub. L. 105–185, §211(3), substituted "an individual shall be within 5 years of the individual's initial career track position" for "an individual shall have less than 5 years of post-graduate research experience" in second sentence.

Subsec. (b)(8)(B). Pub. L. 105–185, §211(4), substituted "the cost of" for "the cost" and inserted at end "The Secretary may waive all or part of the matching requirement under this subparagraph in the case of a smaller college or university (as described in section 2204f(c)(2)(C)(ii) of this title) if the equipment to be acquired costs not more than $25,000 and has multiple uses within a single research project or is usable in more than 1 research project."

Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 105–185, §301(f), substituted "2002" for "1997" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–185, §212(1)(A), substituted "3 years" for "5 years" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–185, §212(1)(B), inserted ", extension, or education activities" after "conducting research".

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–185, §212(1)(C)(i), inserted ", extension, or education" after "agricultural research" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 105–185, §212(1)(C)(ii), inserted ", extension, or education" after "research".

Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 105–185, §212(1)(C)(iii), substituted ", extension, or education among States through regional" for "among States through regional research".

Subsec. (c)(5), (6). Pub. L. 105–185, §212(2), added pars. (5) and (6).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 105–185, §606(h)(2), struck out heading and text of subsec. (l). Text read as follows: "The Secretary of Agriculture may consult with the Agricultural Science and Technology Review Board regarding the policies, priorities, and operation of subsections (b) and (c) of this section."

1996—Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 104–127, §885(a)(1), substituted "each of fiscal years 1995 through 1997" for "fiscal year 1995" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(10)(B). Pub. L. 104–127, §885(a)(2), substituted "40 percent" for "20 percent".

Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 104–127, §885(b), added par. (11).

1995—Subsecs. (l), (m). Pub. L. 104–66 redesignated subsec. (m) as (l) and struck out former subsec. (l) which directed Secretary of Agriculture to submit annual reports to Congress on competitive grant and special grant awards.

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(1), struck out "and" after "1993,".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(2)(A), substituted "Inter-Regional Research Project Number 4" for "Record keeping" as heading.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(2)(B), substituted "this subsection" for "this section" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(2)(C), substituted "IR–4 Program" for "IR–4 program".

Subsec. (e)(5)(B). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(2)(D), substituted "registrations," for "registration," and inserted "and" at end.

Subsec. (e)(5)(C). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(2)(C), substituted "IR–4 Program" for "IR–4 program".

Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(2)(E), substituted "not later than November 28, 1991," for "within one year of November 28, 1990," and inserted a comma after "reregistrations" in first sentence.

Subsec. (e)(6)(A). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(2)(C), substituted "IR–4 Program" for "IR–4 program".

Subsec. (e)(7). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(2)(B), substituted "this subsection" for "this section".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(3), substituted "Record keeping" for "Limits on overhead costs" as heading.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(4), substituted "Limits on overhead costs" for "Authorization of appropriations" as heading.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(5), substituted "Authorization of appropriations" for "Rules" as heading and "subsections (b) and (e)" for "subsection (b) of this section" and struck out "the provisions of" after "to carry out".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(6), substituted "Rules" for "Application of other laws" as heading, substituted "may" for "is authorized to", and struck out "the provisions of" after "to carry out".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(7), (8), inserted "Application of other laws" as heading and redesignated another subsec. (j), relating to emphasis on sustainable agriculture, as (k).

Subsecs. (k) to (m). Pub. L. 102–237, §401(b)(8), redesignated subsecs. (j) to (l), as added by Pub. L. 101–624, §1615(b), as (k) to (m), respectively.

1990—Pub. L. 101–624, §1615(c)(1), inserted "Competitive, special, and facilities research grants" as section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–624, §1615(c)(1), inserted heading.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–624, §1615(a), inserted heading, designated first two sentences of existing text as par. (1), added pars. (2) to (10), and struck out former similar provisions which identified "high priority research" as well as provisions relating to the awarding, administration, and funding of such research.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–624, §1616, amended subsec. (c) generally, designating former introductory text as par. (1), redesignating former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, and in subpar. (A), expanding the entities which may receive grants under this subsection to include all colleges and universities, other research institutions and organizations, Federal agencies, private organizations or corporations, and individuals for the purpose of conducting research in areas of food and agriculture important to the U.S., and designating former closing provisions as pars. (2) through (4), and in par. (4), inserting provisions requiring that ninety percent of the amounts appropriated for a fiscal year under this subsection be used for regional research projects.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–624, §1615(c)(2), inserted heading.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–624, §§1497(1), (2), 1615(c)(3), added subsec. (e), inserted heading, and redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–624, §§1497(1), 1615(c)(4), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f) and inserted heading. Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–624, §§1497(1), 1615(c)(5), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g) and inserted heading. Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).

Pub. L. 101–624, §1497(3), which directed insertion of "and subsection (e)" after "subsection (b)", could not be executed because "subsection (b)" did not appear in text.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101–624, §§1497(1), 1615(c)(6), redesignated subsec. (g) as (h) and inserted heading. Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–624, §§1497(1), 1615(c)(7), redesignated subsec. (h) as (i) and inserted heading. Former subsec. (i) redesignated (j).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 101–624, §1615(b), added subsec. (j) relating to emphasis on sustainable agriculture.

Pub. L. 101–624, §1497(1), redesignated subsec. (i), relating to application of other laws, as (j).

Subsecs. (k) and (l). Pub. L. 101–624, §1615(b), added subsecs. (k) and (l).

1985—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–198, §1409(a)(1), (2), substituted in third sentence par. "(2) research, with emphasis on biotechnology," for "(2) research" and added pars. (7) and (8), and prohibited any grant under subsec. (b) for any purpose for which a grant may be made under subsec. (d) or for the planning, repair, rehabilitation, acquisition, or construction of a building or a facility.

Pub. L. 99–198, §1409(a)(3), in concluding provisions substituted appropriations authorization of $70,000,000 annually for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1986, through Sept. 30, 1990 for prior authorization of 25, 30, 35, and 40 million dollars for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1978, through Sept. 30, 1981, and 50 million dollars annually for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1982, through Sept. 30, 1985, and for any subsequent fiscal year not in excess of such sums as may be authorized by law; and authorized retention of four percent of appropriated funds for payment of administrative costs.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–198, §1409(b)(1), prohibited any grant under subsec. (c) for any purpose for which a grant may be made under subsec. (d) or for the planning, repair, rehabilitation, acquisition, or construction of a building or a facility.

Pub. L. 99–198, §1409(b)(2), authorized retention of four percent of appropriated funds for payment of administrative costs.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99–198, §1409(c), added subsec. (i).

1981—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–98, §1415(a), inserted "and the National Agricultural Research and Extension Users Advisory Board" and provision specifying what is included in high priority research and substituted "for each of the fiscal years ending September 30, 1982, September 30, 1983, September 30, 1984, and September 30, 1985" for "for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–98, §1415(b), in par. (1) inserted "research foundations established by land-grant colleges and universities,", in par. (2) inserted reference to research foundations established by land-grant colleges and universities, colleges and universities receiving funds under the Act of October 10, 1962, and accredited schools or colleges of veterinary medicine, and added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–98, §1415(c), in provision preceding par. (1) substituted provision directing that annual grants be made to support the renovation and refurbishment, including energy retrofitting, of research spaces in buildings or spaces to be used for research, and the purchase and installation of fixed equipment in such spaces and providing that grants may be used for new construction only for auxiliary facilities and fixed equipment used for research in such facilities, such as greenhouses, insectaries, and research farm structures and installations for provision that grants be made to support the purchase of equipment, supplies, and land, and the construction, alteration, or renovation of buildings, necessary for the conduct of food and agricultural research and added pars. (3) and (4).

1977—Pub. L. 95–113 designated existing provisions as subsec. (e) and a part of subsec. (b) and added the remainder of subsec. (b) and subsecs. (a), (c), (d), (f), (g), and (h).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by section 7614(b)(4)(B) of Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7406(c), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1251, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7406(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2013, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 3319, 5924, and 5925b of this title and repealing section 7621 of this title] shall not apply to any solicitation for grant applications issued by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service before the date of enactment of this Act [June 18, 2008]."

[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.]

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1409(a)(3), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1547, provided that the amendment made by section 1409(a)(3) of Pub. L. 99–198 is effective Oct. 1, 1985.

Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1409(b)(2), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1547, provided that the amendment made by section 1409(b)(2) of Pub. L. 99–198 is effective Oct. 1, 1985.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–113 effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1307 of this title.

§3158. Next generation agriculture technology challenge

(a) In general

The Secretary shall establish a next generation agriculture technology challenge competition to provide an incentive for the development of innovative mobile technology that removes barriers to entry in the marketplace for beginning farmers and ranchers (as defined in subsection (a) of section 2279 of this title).

(b) Amount

The Secretary may award not more than $1,000,000 in the aggregate to 1 or more winners of the competition under subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1419C, as added Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7110, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4784.)

§3159. Land-grant designation

(a) Prohibition on designation

(1) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of law and except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), beginning on December 20, 2018, no additional entity may be designated as eligible to receive funds under a covered program.

(2) 1994 institutions

The prohibition under paragraph (1) with respect to the designation of an entity eligible to receive funds under a covered program shall not apply in the case of the certification of a 1994 Institution under section 2 of Public Law 87–788 (commonly known as the "McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act") (16 U.S.C. 582a–1).

(3) Extraordinary circumstances

In the case of extraordinary circumstances or a situation that would lead to an inequitable result, as determined by the Secretary, the Secretary may determine that an entity designated after December 20, 2018, is eligible to receive funds under a covered program.

(b) State funding

No State shall receive an increase in funding under a covered program as a result of the State's designation of additional entities as eligible to receive such funding.

(c) Covered program defined

For purposes of this section, the term "covered program" means agricultural research, extension, education, and related programs or grants established or available under any of the following:

(1) Subsections (b), (c), and (d) of section 343 of this title.

(2) The Hatch Act of 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.).

(3) Sections 3221, 3222, and 3222b of this title.

(4) Public Law 87–788 (commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act; 16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.).

(d) Rule of construction

Nothing in this section shall be construed as limiting eligibility for a capacity and infrastructure program specified in section 6971(f)(1)(C) of this title that is not a covered program.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1419D, as added Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7111, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4784.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Hatch Act of 1887, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is act Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, 24 Stat. 440, which is classified generally to sections 361a to 361i of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 361a of this title and Tables.

Public Law 87–788, referred to in subsec. (c)(4), is Pub. L. 87–788, Oct. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 806, popularly known as the "McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962" and also as the "McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act", which is classified generally to subchapter III (§582a et seq.) of chapter 3 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 582a of Title 16 and Tables.