§9837. Powers and functions of Head Start agencies

(a) Receipt, administration, and transfer of funds; sponsorship of projects; delegation of authority, etc.

In order to be designated as a Head Start agency under this subchapter, an agency must have authority under its charter or applicable law to receive and administer funds under this subchapter, funds and contributions from private or local public sources which may be used in support of a Head Start program, and funds under any Federal or State assistance program pursuant to which a public or private nonprofit or for-profit agency (as the case may be) organized in accordance with this subchapter, could act as grantee, contractor, or sponsor of projects appropriate for inclusion in a Head Start program. Such an agency must also be empowered to transfer funds so received, and to delegate powers to other agencies, subject to the powers of its governing board and its overall program responsibilities. The power to transfer funds and delegate powers must include the power to make transfers and delegations covering component projects in all cases where this will contribute to efficiency and effectiveness or otherwise further program objectives.

(b) Participation of parents in decisionmaking, implementation, etc.

In order to be so designated, a Head Start agency shall also-

(1) establish effective procedures by which parents and area residents concerned will be enabled to directly participate in decisions that influence the character of programs affecting their interests;

(2) provide for their regular participation in the implementation of such programs;

(3) provide technical and other support needed to enable parents and area residents to secure on their own behalf available assistance from public and private sources;

(4) seek the involvement of parents of participating children in activities designed to help such parents become full partners in the education of their children, and to afford such parents the opportunity to participate in the development, conduct, and overall performance of the program at the local level;

(5) offer (directly or through referral to local entities, such as entities carrying out Even Start programs under part B of chapter 1 of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ¹ (20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.)), to parents of participating children, family literacy services and parenting skills training;

(6) offer to parents of participating children substance abuse counseling (either directly or through referral to local entities), including information on drug-exposed infants and fetal alcohol syndrome;

(7) at the option of such agency, offer (directly or through referral to local entities), to such parents-

(A) training in basic child development;

(B) assistance in developing communication skills;

(C) opportunities to share experiences with other parents;

(D) regular in-home visitation; or

(E) any other activity designed to help such parents become full partners in the education of their children;

(8) provide, with respect to each participating family, a family needs assessment that includes consultation with such parents about the benefits of parent involvement and about the activities described in paragraphs (4) through (7) in which such parents may choose to be involved (taking into consideration their specific family needs, work schedules, and other responsibilities);

(9) consider providing services to assist younger siblings of children participating in its Head Start program to obtain health services from other sources;

(10) perform community outreach to encourage individuals previously unaffiliated with Head Start programs to participate in its Head Start program as volunteers; and

(11)(A) inform custodial parents in single-parent families that participate in programs, activities, or services carried out or provided under this subchapter about the availability of child support services for purposes of establishing paternity and acquiring child support; and

(B) refer eligible parents to the child support offices of State and local governments.

(c) Coordination with other agencies

The head of each Head Start agency shall coordinate and collaborate with the State agency responsible for administering the State program carried out under subchapter II–B of this chapter, and other early childhood education and development programs, including Even Start programs under part B of chapter 1 of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ¹ (20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.) and programs under part C and section 619 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1431–1445, 1419), serving the children and families served by the Head Start agency to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.

(d) Transition coordination with schools

(1) Each Head Start agency shall take steps to ensure, to the maximum extent possible, that children maintain the developmental and educational gains achieved in Head Start programs and build upon such gains in further schooling.

(2) A Head Start agency may take steps to coordinate with the local educational agency serving the community involved and with schools in which children participating in a Head Start program operated by such agency will enroll following such program, including-

(A) collaborating on the shared use of transportation and facilities; and

(B) exchanging information on the provision of noneducational services to such children.

(3) In order to promote the continued involvement of the parents of children that participate in Head Start programs in the education of their children upon transition to school, the Head Start agency shall-

(A) provide training to the parents-

(i) to inform the parents about their rights and responsibilities concerning the education of their children; and

(ii) to enable the parents to understand and work with schools in order to communicate with teachers and other school personnel, to support the school work of their children, and to participate as appropriate in decisions relating to the education of their children; and

(B) take other actions, as appropriate and feasible, to support the active involvement of the parents with schools, school personnel, and school-related organizations.

(4) The Secretary, in cooperation with the Secretary of Education, shall-

(A) evaluate the effectiveness of the projects and activities funded under section 9837a of this title;

(B) disseminate to Head Start agencies information (including information from the evaluation required by subparagraph (A)) on effective policies and activities relating to the transition of children from Head Start programs to public schools; and

(C) provide technical assistance to such agencies to promote and assist such agencies to adopt and implement such effective policies and activities.

(e) Assessment when hiring or evaluating classroom teachers

Head Start agencies shall adopt, in consultation with experts in child development and with classroom teachers, an assessment to be used when hiring or evaluating any classroom teacher in a center-based Head Start program. Such assessment shall measure whether such teacher has mastered the functions described in section 9843a(a)(1) of this title.

( Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, §642, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 502 ; Pub. L. 99–425, title I, §103, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 966 ; Pub. L. 101–501, title I, §109, Nov. 3, 1990, 104 Stat. 1231 ; Pub. L. 102–401, §2(i), (k)(3), Oct. 7, 1992, 106 Stat. 1957 , 1959; Pub. L. 103–252, title I, §109, May 18, 1994, 108 Stat. 634 ; Pub. L. 105–285, title I, §109, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2716 .)

References in Text

Part B of chapter 1 of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsecs. (b)(5) and (c), means part B of chapter 1 of title I of Pub. L. 89–10 which was classified generally to part B (§2741 et seq.) of division 1 of subchapter I of chapter 47 of Title 20, Education, prior to being omitted in the general amendment of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519 . See section 6361 et seq. of Title 20.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 175 , as amended. Part C of the Act is classified generally to subchapter III (§1431 et seq.) of chapter 33 of Title 20, Education. Section 619 of the Act is classified to section 1419 of Title 20. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1400 of Title 20 and Tables.

Amendments

1998-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(1), inserted "or for-profit" after "nonprofit".

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(2)(E), added par. (6). Former par. (6) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (b)(6)(D) to (F). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(2)(A), struck out subpar. (D) which read as follows: "substance abuse counseling;" and further directed the amendment of par. (6) "by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) and subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively", which was executed by redesignating subpars. (E) and (F) as (D) and (E), respectively, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(2)(D), redesignated par. (6) as (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (8).

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(2)(D), (F), redesignated par. (7) as (8) and substituted "paragraphs (4) through (7)" for "paragraphs (4) through (6)". Former par. (8) redesignated (9).

Pub. L. 105–285, §109(2)(B), struck out "and" at end.

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(2)(D), redesignated par. (8) as (9). Former par. (9) redesignated (10).

Pub. L. 105–285, §109(2)(C), substituted "; and" for period at end.

Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(2)(D), redesignated par. (9) as (10).

Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(2)(G), added par. (11).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(3), inserted "and collaborate" after "shall coordinate" and "and programs under part C and section 619 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1431–1445, 1419)" after "(20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.)" and substituted "the State program carried out under the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858 et seq.), and other early childhood education and development" for "section 602(g) of this title, and other".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(4)(A), substituted "take steps to ensure, to the maximum extent possible, that children maintain" for "carry out the actions specified in this subsection, to the extent feasible and appropriate in the circumstances (including the extent to which such agency is able to secure the cooperation of parents and schools) to enable children to maintain" and "build" for "to build" and inserted "and educational" after "developmental".

Subsec. (d)(2), (3). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(4)(B), (C), redesignated pars. (3) and (4) as (2) and (3), respectively, and struck out former par. (2) which related to coordination between Head Start agency and local education agency and schools.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(4)(C), redesignated par. (5) as (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (d)(4)(A). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(4)(D), substituted "section 9837a of this title" for "the Head Start Transition Project Act (42 U.S.C. 9855 et seq.)".

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(4)(C), redesignated par. (5) as (4).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–285, §109(5), added subsec. (e).

1994-Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–252, §109(1), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "In order to be so designated, a Head Start agency must also (1) establish effective procedures by which parents and area residents concerned will be enabled to directly participate in decisions that influence the character of programs affecting their interests; (2) provide for their regular participation in the implementation of such programs; (3) provide technical and other support needed to enable parents and area residents to secure on their own behalf available assistance from public and private sources; (4) involve parents of children participating in its Head Start program in appropriate educational services (in accordance with the performance standards in effect upon section 9846(b) of this title or through referral of such parents to educational services available in the community) in order to aid their children to attain their full potential; (5) establish procedures to seek reimbursement, to the extent feasible, from other agencies for services for which any such other agency is responsible, which are provided to a Head Start participant by the Head Start agency; (6) provide (directly or through referral to educational services available in the community) parents of children participating in its Head Start program with child development and literacy skills training in order to aid their children to attain their full potential; and (7) consider providing services to assist younger siblings of children participating in its Head Start program to obtain health services from other sources."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–252, §109(2), struck out "schools that will subsequently serve children in Head Start programs," after "coordinate with" and inserted ", including Even Start programs under part B of chapter 1 of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.)," after "other programs".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–252, §109(3), added subsec. (d).

1992-Subsec. (b)(6), (7). Pub. L. 102–401, §2(i), added cls. (6) and (7).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–401, §2(k)(3), substituted "subchapter" for "subtitle".

1990-Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 101–501, §109(1), added cl. (4) and redesignated former cl. (4) as (5).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–501, §109(2), substituted "with schools that will subsequently serve children in Head Start programs, the State agency responsible for administering section 602(g) of this title, and other programs serving the children and families served by the Head Start agency to carry out the provisions of this subtitle" for "with other State and local programs serving the children in the Head Start agency to carry out the provisions of this subsection".

1986-Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–425 inserted "State and local" before "programs".

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–252 effective May 18, 1994, but not applicable to Head Start agencies and other recipients of financial assistance under the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.) until Oct. 1, 1994, see section 127 of Pub. L. 103–252, set out as a note under section 9832 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–401 effective Oct. 7, 1992, but not applicable with respect to fiscal years beginning before Oct. 1, 1992, see section 4 of Pub. L. 102–401, set out as a note under section 9835 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–501 effective Oct. 1, 1990, see section 1001(a) of Pub. L. 101–501, set out as a note under section 8621 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–425 effective Oct. 1, 1986, see section 1001 of Pub. L. 99–425, set out as a note under section 8621 of this title.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 9836, 9836a of this title.

¹ See References in Text note below.