TITLE 46-SHIPPING

This title was enacted by Pub. L. 98–89, §1, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 500 ; Pub. L. 99–509, title V, subtitle B, §5101, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1913 ; Pub. L. 100–424, §6, Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1591 ; and Pub. L. 100–710, Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4735

        

Amendments

1988- Pub. L. 100–710, title I, §102(b), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4738 , amended title analysis generally, substituting "GENERAL" for "[Reserved-general]" in item I and adding item III.

Table Showing Disposition of All Sections of Former Title 46
[Former sections of Title 46 that are not included in Title 46, Shipping, as enacted by Pub. L. 98–89, subtitle B of title V of Pub. L. 99–509, section 6 of Pub. L. 100–424, and Pub. L. 100–710 are set out in the Appendix to Title 46 and retain the same section numbers.]

Title 46 Former Sections	Title 46 New Sections
1	Rep.
2	2103
3	Rep.
4	2105
5, 6	Rep.
7	2107
8	2108
9 (less (c))	3316
9(c)	46 App.
11, 12	Rep.
13, 14	46 App.
15–41	Rep.
42	46 App.
43–56	Rep.
57	46 App.
58	Rep.
59	46 App.
60–63	Rep.
65(1)	2101(10)
65(2)	2101(11)
65(3)	2101(34)
65a	12113
65b	12102
65c	12114
65d	12115
65e	12103
65f	12116
65g	12104
65h	12105
65i	12106
65j	12107
65k	12108
65l	12109
65m	12110
65n	12122
65o	12111
65p	12112
65q	12117
65r	12118
65s	12119
65t	12120
65u	2107, 12122(a)
65v(1)	2104
65v(2)	12121
65w	12101
71	12102, 14102, 14104, 14501, 14502, 14504, 14511, 14521, 14522
72	14503
73, 74	Rep.
75	14512
76	Rep.
77	14502, 14512
78, 79	Rep.
80	(See former 660–1)
81	14306
82	3101
83	14502, 14513
83a–83g	14513
83h	14102
83i	14702
83j	14701
83k	2107
85–85g	Rep.
86	5114, 5115
86a	5101
86b	5102
86c	5102, 5103, 5104, 5106
86d	5107
86e	5108
86f	5109
86g	5112
86h	5113
86i	5116
88	5102
88a	5104, 5108
88b	5103, 5107
88c	5112
88d	5109
88e	5112
88f	5113
88g	5116
88h, 88i	Rep.
91	46 App.
91a–96	Rep.
97, 98	46 App.
99	Rep.
100	46 App.
101, 102	Rep.
103	Rep.
104	46 App.
105–110	Rep.
111	46 App.
112, 113	Rep.
121–125	46 App.
126, 127	Rep.
128, 129	46 App.
130, 131	Rep.
132–135	46 App.
141–146	46 App.
151–162	Rep.
163	46 App.
170	3306(a)(5), Rep. in part
170(14)	2106
170a, 170b	Rep.
171–175	Rep.
178, 179	Rep.
181–183	46 App.
183a	Rep.
183b–196	46 App.
201	11301
202	11302
203	11303
211	8501(a)
212	8501(b)
213	8501(c), (e)
214	7101
214(c)	7106
215	8501(d), 8502
216(a)	9301(2)
216(b)	2101(34)
216(c)	9301(3)
216(d)	9301(1)
216(e), (f)	Rep.
216a	9302(a), (b), (d)
216b(a)–(c)	9303
216b(d)	9305
216b(e)	9304
216c	9303
216d	9305
216e(a)–(c)	9308
216e(d)	2107
216e(e)	2106
216f	9302(c)
216g	9306
216h	9307
216i	Rep.
221	8103
222	8101
223	8301
224	7101, 8101
224a	8303, 8304
224a(2)	7111
225	7106, 7109, 7113
226	7101, 7106, 7703
227	Rep.
228	7101, 7106, 7703
229	7101, 7106, 7703
229a	7101, 7103
229b	7101, 7103
229c	7106, 7108, 7318
229d	Rep.
229e	7105
229f	7110
229g	7103, 7318
229h	Rep.
230	7112
231	7105
232	7110
233	7109
234	3315
235	8104
236	8103
237, 238	Rep.
239	6101, 6301, 7703
239(d)	6303
239(e)	6304, 7705
239(f)	6304
239(g)	6305, 7701
239(i)	6306
239(j)	6301, 6307
239(k)	6305
239a(a)	7503(a), 7704(a)
239a(b)	2101(34)
239a(c)	7302
239b(a)	7503(b)
239b(b)	7704(b), (c)
240	7703
241	8304
242	7101, 7102, 8302(a)–(d)
243	7101, 7104, 7107, 7108
244	7101, 7105
245	8302(g), (h)
246(a)	8302(a)–(d)
246(b)	Rep.
246(c)	7703
247	7101
248	8302
249–249c	Rep.
251–251b	46 App.
252–261	Rep.
262	46 App.
263–276	Rep.
277	46 App.
278–288	Rep.
289–292	46 App.
293–293b	Rep.
294–315	Rep.
316	46 App.
317, 318	Rep.
319–324	46 App.
325	Rep.
326–328	46 App.
329, 330	Rep.
331	2110
332–335	Rep.
336	46 App.
351–353	Rep.
354, 355	46 App.
361	2101(16), (37)
362	2109, 3301(9), 3314
362(a)	3303
362(b)	3504
362(c)	3505
363	2109
364	8502
365	Rep.
366	3306
367	2101(16), (33), 2303, 3301(7), 3302
369	3305, 3306, 3316
369(b)	3503
369(e)	3318
371	Rep.
372	2103
373–374a	Rep.
375	3306
376–382a–1	Rep.
382b	2104, 2111, 2112
382b–1	3317(b)
382c–385	Rep.
390	3302, 3304
390(a)	2101(21)(B)
390(b)	2101(35)
390(d)	2101(34)
390(e)	2101(13)
390(f)	2101(27)
390(g)	2101(30)
390(h)	2101(28)
390(i)	2101(29)
390a	3301(4), (5), (8), 3305
390a(a)	3307(2)
390a(b)	3317(a), 7114
390b	3306, 8901, 8902
390c	3303(a), 3309, 3311
390c(b), (c)	3313
390d	2106, 3318(a), 8906
390e–390g	Rep.
391	3301(1), (4), (9), 3304, 3305
391(b)	3307(3)
391(c)	2101(22), 3307(1)
391(e)	3302
391a	3301(10), 3702, 8502
391a(2)(A)	2101(9)
391a(2)(B)	2101(12)
391a(2)(C)	2101(14)
391a(2)(D)	2101(15)
391a(2)(E)	2101(20)
391a(2)(F)	3701(4)
391a(2)(G)	2101(24)
391a(2)(H)	2101(5)
391a(2)(I)	2101(34)
391a(2)(J)	3701(5)
391a(2)(K)	3701(6)
391a(2)(L)	2101(46)
391a(2)(M)	2101(38)
391a(2)(N)	2101(8)
391a(2)(O)	2101(23)
391a(2)(P)	3701(2)
391a(2)(Q)	3701(3)
391a(2)(R)	3701(1)
391a(2)(S)	2101(7)
391a(3)	2101(39), 2301, 3303, 3702(a)
391a(4)	2109
391a(4)(B)	8703(c)
391a(5)	3702
391a(6)	3703
391a(7)	3704–3709
391a(8)	3309, 3313
391a(8)(A)	3710, 3712
391a(8)(B)	3711, 3712
391a(8)(C)	3711
391a(8)(D)	3710
391a(8)(E)	3710, 3711
391a(9)	9102
391a(10)(A)	8703(a)
391a(10)(B)	9101(b)
391a(10)(C)	7317, 8703(b)
391a(10)(D)	Rep. See 7701 et seq.
391a(11)	9101(a)
391a(12)	3703
391a(13)	3713
391a(14)	2107, 3718
391a(14)(C)	2106
391a(15)	3714
391a(16)	3717
391a(17)	3715
391a(18)	3716
391b	Rep.
392	3304–3306
392(b)	3307(3)
393, 394	Rep.
395	3301(6), 3305, 3311
395(d)	3309
395(e)	2101(32)
396, 397	Rep.
398	3318
399	3309, 3311, 3314
400	3312
401, 402	Rep.
403	3318
404	2101(13), (16), (17), 3301(1), 3302, 3306, 3307
404–1	3301(3), 3305, 3501
404–1(1)	2101(19)
404–1(4)	2101(21)(C)
404–1(6)	3307(2), (3)
404–1(8)	8301
404a	Rep.
405	2101(40), 3301(9), 3305
405(b)	8104
405(b)(1)(A)	2101(34)
405(b)(2)	8904
405(b)(3)	8905(b)
406	3305
407	3305, 3318
408	3305, 3306, 3318
409	Rep.
410	3318
411, 412	3306
413	3318
414	3310, 7502
415	Rep.
416	2104, 3306
417	(See former 416)
418, 419	Rep.
420	3302, 3306
431–434	Rep.
435	3308, 3313
436	2106, 3318
437–440	Rep.
441	46 App.
441(1)	2101(18)
441(2)	2101(31)
442	3302
443	46 App.
444	8701
444	46 App.
445	2113, 3306
446–446c	46 App.
446d	8101
451	3501
452	3501(b), (c)
453	2113
454–457	T. 33 §§1233–1236
458	Rep.
459	3306
460, 460a, 461	3502
462	2106, 3501, 3502
463, 463a, 464	Rep.
465	(See former 170)
466	Rep.
466a	3901
466b	3902
467–469	Rep.
470, 471	8102
472	Rep.
473	3306
474–476	Rep.
477–479	3306
480	2301
481	2106, 3306
481(a)	2101(34)
481(c)	2106
481(d)	3318
482, 483	3306
484–488	Rep.
489	3306
490	Rep.
491	46 App.
492	3506
493–496	Rep.
497	2106, 3318, 8502
498	Rep.
511–522	Rep.
526	2101(43)
526a–526d	Rep.
526e	4102(b)
526f	Rep.
526g	4102(a)
526h	4103
526i	4102(c)
526j	4102(d)
526k–526n	Rep.
526o	2106, 2107, 4106
526p	2107, 3306, 4104
526q–526t	Rep.
526u	4101
527–527h	Rep.
531	10601
532	Rep. See 11501
533, 534	10602
541–542a	Rep.
543	2104
544, 545	Rep.
546	10102
547–549	Rep.
561, 562	Rep.
563	11110
564	10301, 10302
565	10305
566	10301
567, 568	10321
569	10309
570	10308
571	10321
572, 573	Rep.
574	10301, 10501, 10502
575	10508
576	10509
577	10307
578	11107
579	Rep.
591	10313(a)
592	10313(b)
593	10313(b)
594	10313(c)
595	10313(d)
596	10313(e)–(i), 10504
597	2101(12), 10313(e)–(i), 10504
598	10313(e), 10504(a), (d), 10505(d)
599	2101(12), 10314, 10315, 10505, 10506
599(g)	10316
600	10317
601	11108, 11109
602	11111
603–608, 611	Rep.
621	10701, 10702
622	10703
623	10711
624	10704, 10705
625	10706
626	10707
627	10709
628	10708, 10710
641, 642	10310
643	8701, 8702, 10102(c), 10311, 10503
643(a)	7302, 7303, 7318
643(b)	7304
643(c)	7302, 10306
643(e)	10311
643(f)	7319, 7502
643(h)	7501
643(l)	7316, 10103
643a	8701
643b	Rep.
644	10312(a), (b), (d)–(f)
645, 646, 651	Rep.
652	10312(c)
653	10901, 10902(a), 10907
654	10901, 10903(a), (b)
655	10901, 10904
656	10901, 10905
657	10905
658	10901, 10906, 10908
659	10903(c)
660	10903(d)
660–1	11101
660a	3305, 3308
660b	3308
661	10321
662	10902(b)
663	Rep.
664	10907
665	10321, 11106(b)–(d)
666	11102(a)
667	11102(b)
668, 669	Rep.
670, 671	11103
672	8701, 8702
672(a)	2101(34)
672(b)	7306
672(b)(1)	7307
672(b)(2)	7308
672(b)(3)	7309, 7310
672(b)(4)	7311
672(c)	7301, 7315
672(d)	8702(d)
672(e)	8702(b), (c)
672(f)	7312
672(g)	7313, 7314
672(h)	8103
672(i)	7302
672(j)	2106, 8702(e)
672–1, 672–2	Rep.
672a	8103
672b, 672b–1, 672c	Rep.
673	8104
674–677	Rep.
678	11104(a)
679	11104(b)–(d)
680, 681	Rep.
682	10318, 10507
683	10318, 10507
684	11105
685	11106(a)
686, 687	Rep.
688	46 App.
689	2103, 2104
690	8103
691	Sec. 2(f) of Pub. L. 98–89
692	Rep.
701	11501
702	11502
703	11503
704	T. 18 §2196
705	11504
706	11505
707	10319
708	T. 18 §2279
709	Rep.
710	11506
710a	Rep.
710b	(See former 239a)
710c	(See former 239b)
711	Rep.
712	11507
713	10101, 10303, 10304
721–727	46 App.
728	2304
729–731	46 App.
732–735	Rep.
738, 738a	46 App.
738b	Rep.
738c	46 App.
738d	Rep.
740–752	46 App.
761, 762	46 App.
763	Rep.
763a–768	46 App.
781–790	46 App.
791–799	Rep.
801–803	46 App.
804	Rep.
804a	46 App.
805–807	Rep.
808	46 App.
808(4th par.)	31328
809–810a	Rep.
811	46 App.
812–817c	Rep.
817d, 817e	46 App.
818–832	Rep.
833	46 App.
833a	Rep.
834–837	46 App.
838	31306
839	46 App.
840–841c	Rep.
842	46 App.
843–848	Rep.
861	46 App.
862–864	Rep.
864, 864b	46 App.
865–869	46 App.
870–870d	Rep.
871, 872	46 App.
873, 874	Rep.
875–877	46 App.
878–880	Rep.
881	3305, 3316, 12119
882	3304
883–885	46 App.
886	Rep.
887–889	46 App.
891	46 App.
891a	Rep.
891b, 891c	46 App.
891d–891r	Rep.
891s, 891t	Rep.
891u–891x	46 App.
891y	Rep.
911(1), (2)	30101(1)
911(3)	Rep.
911(4)	30101(1)
911(5)	31301(3)
921	31321(a)(1), (e)
922(a), (b)	31322(a)(1)
922(b)	31301(6)(A)
922(c), (d)	Rep.
922(e), (f)	31322(c)
923	31324
924	31323(a), (b)
925	31343
925(b)	31321(f), (h)
926(a), (b)	31321(b)
926(c)	Rep.
926(d)	31322(b)
927	31302(1), (2)
941(a)	Rep.
941(b) (1st sentence)	31330(a), (c)
941(b) (last sentence)	31323(c)
941(c)	31304
951 (1st par.)	31325(a), (b)(1), (c), (d)
951 (2d par. less proviso)	31301(6)(B)
951 (2d par. proviso)	31326(b)(2)
952 (1st, 2d sentences)	31325(e)
952 (last sentence)	31308
953(a)	31301(5)
953(b)	31326(a), (b)(1)
954(a)	31325(b)(2)
954(b)	31303
961(a)	Rep.
961(b)	31327
961(c)	31326(a)
961(d), (e)	31328
961(f)	31329
971	31342
972	31341
973	31341(a)
974	31305
975	31307
981–984	Rep.
1011	Rep.
1012	31321(a)(2)
1013, 1014	Rep.
1101	46 App.
1111–1111a	46 App.
1111b, 1111c	Rep.
1112	46 App.
1113	Rep.
1114–1119	46 App.
1119a, 1119b	Rep.
1120–1125a	46 App.
1126	Rep.
1126–1	46 App.
1126a, 1126a–1	Rep.
1126b, 1126b–1	Rep.
1126c, 1126d	Rep.
1127–1128h	Rep.
1131	46 App.
1132	8103
1132(a)	7102
1132(g)	8302
1141–1144	Rep.
1145	Rep.
1151–1155	46 App.
1155a	Rep.
1156–1161	46 App.
1171–1181	46 App.
1182	Rep.
1183–1185	46 App.
1191–1205	46 App.
1206	Rep.
1211–1213	46 App.
1214	Rep.
1221	Rep.
1222, 1223	46 App.
1224, 1225	Rep.
1226–1228	46 App.
1241–1242	46 App.
1242–1	Rep.
1242a	46 App.
1243	Rep.
1244, 1245	46 App.
1246	Rep.
1247, 1248	46 App.
1251–1262	Rep.
1271–1275	46 App.
1276–1279	Rep.
1279a	46 App.
1279b	Rep.
1279c–1295e	46 App.
1295f(a), (b)	46 App.
1295f(c)	2101(17), 3301(2), 3306, 3307(1)
1295f(d)(1)	46 App.
1295f(d)(2), (3)	3318(g)
1295g(a)–(d)	46 App.
1295g(e)(1)	2101(17)
1295g(e)(2)–(5)	Rep.
1300–1315	46 App.
1331–1341	Rep.
1351–1364	Rep.
1381–1388	Rep.
1401–1413	Rep.
1451	Rep.
1452(1)(A), (B)	2101(25)
1452(1)(C)	2101(42)
1452(2)	2101(45)
1452(3)	2101(41)
1452(5)	2101(21)(D)
1452(7)	2101(26)
1452(8)	2101(1)
1452(9)	2101(34)
1452(10)	2102(2)
1452(11)	2102(1)
1452(12)	2102(4)
1452(13)	2102(5)
1452(14)	2102(3)
1453	4105, 4301
1454, 1455	4302
1456	4302(a)(3)
1457	4303
1458	4305
1459	4306
1460	4304, 4306
1461(a)	4307(a)
1461(b)	4311(f)
1461(c)	4307(b)
1461(d)	2302(a), (b)
1461(e)	8903
1461(f)	8903, 8905(a)
1462	4308
1463	4309
1464	4310
1464(g)	4302
1465	2303
1466	12301
1467	12302
1468	12303
1469	12304
1470	12305
1471	12306
1472	12307
1473	12308
1474	13101
1475	13102
1476	13103
1477	13104
1478	13105
1479	13106
1479a	13107
1480	13108
1481	13109
1482	13110
1483	2302(b), 4311(a), 12309(a)
1484(a)	4311(b)
1484(b)	2106, 2302(a), (c), 4311(c), 12309(b)
1484(c)	2107
1484(d)	4311(d), 12309(c)
1485	2305, 4311(e)
1486	6101, 6102
1487	Rep.
1488	4302
1489	4311(g)
1501–1507	46 App.
1508	Rep.
1601–1605	46 App.
1606	Rep.
1607–1610	46 App.
1707a	Rep.
1717	Rep.
1720	Rep.
1721	Rep.

Enacting Clauses

Pub. L. 100–710, title I, §102(a), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4738 , provided that: "Certain general and permanent laws of the United States, related to definitions and maritime commercial instruments and liens, are revised, consolidated, and enacted by paragraph (3) of this subsection [probably means subsection (c) of this section] as subtitle III of title 46, United States Code, 'Shipping'."

Section 1 of Pub. L. 98–89, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 500 , provided in part that: "Certain general and permanent laws of the United States, related to vessels and seamen, are revised, consolidated, and enacted as title 46, United States Code, 'Shipping' ".

Construction

Section 105 of Pub. L. 100–710, title I, Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4751 , provided that:

"(a) A reference to a law replaced by section 102 of this Act, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of this Act.

"(b) An order, rule, or regulation in effect under a law replaced by section 102 of this Act continues in effect under the corresponding provision of this Act until repealed, amended, or superseded.

"(c) An action taken or an offense committed under a law replaced by section 102 of this Act is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding provision of this Act.

"(d) An inference of legislative construction is not to be drawn by reason of the caption or catch line of a provision enacted by section 102 of this Act.

"(e) If a provision of this Act is held invalid, all valid provisions that are severable from the invalid provision remain in effect. If a provision of this Act is held invalid in any of its applications, the provision remains valid for all valid applications that are severable from any of the invalid applications."

Section 5103(a)–(f) of Pub. L. 99–509, title V, subtitle B, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1927 , provided that:

"(a) Laws effective after January 1, 1986, that are inconsistent with this subtitle supersede this subtitle to the extent of the inconsistency.

"(b) A reference to a law replaced by this subtitle, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of this subtitle.

"(c) An order, rule, or regulation in effect under a law replaced by this subtitle continues in effect under the corresponding provision of this subtitle until repealed, amended, or superseded.

"(d) An action taken or an offense committed under a law replaced by this subtitle is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding provision of this subtitle.

"(e) An inference of legislative construction is not to be drawn by reason of the caption or catch line of a provision enacted by this subtitle.

"(f) If a provision enacted by this subtitle is held invalid, all valid provisions that are severable from the invalid provision remain in effect. If a provision of this subtitle is held invalid in one or more of its applications, the provision remains in effect in all valid applications that are severable from the invalid application or applications."

Section 2(a)–(f) of Pub. L. 98–89, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 598 , provided that:

"(a) Laws effective after December 31, 1982, that are inconsistent with this Act supersede this Act to the extent of the inconsistency.

"(b) A reference to a law replaced by this Act, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of this Act.

"(c) An order, rule, or regulation in effect under a law replaced by this Act continues in effect under the corresponding provision of this Act until repealed, amended, or superseded.

"(d) An action taken or an offense committed under a law replaced by this Act is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding provision of this Act.

"(e) An inference of legislative construction is not to be drawn by reason of the caption or catch line of a provision enacted by this Act.

"(f) If a provision enacted by this Act is held invalid, all valid provisions that are severable from the invalid provision remain in effect. If a provision of this Act is held invalid in one or more of its applications, the provision remains in effect in all valid applications that are severable from the invalid application or applications."

Codification of Shipping and Maritime Laws by Federal Maritime Commission and Secretary of Transportation

Section 2(j) of Pub. L. 98–89, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 599 , provided that: "Within 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 26, 1983], the Federal Maritime Commission and the Secretary of Transportation each shall submit to Congress a proposed codification of the laws within their respective jurisdictions related to shipping and maritime matters."

Repeals and Savings Provisions

Section 106(a) of Pub. L. 100–710, title I, Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4752 , provided that: "The repeal of a law by this title may not be construed as a legislative implication that the provision was or was not in effect before its repeal."

Section 106(b) of Pub. L. 100–710, title I, Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4752 , repealed specified laws relating to shipping, except for rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before the effective date of this title, which is Jan. 1, 1989, with certain exceptions and qualifications, see section 107 of Pub. L. 100–710, set out as a note under section 30101 of this title.

Section 5104(a) of Pub. L. 99–509, title V, subtitle B, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1928 , provided that: "The repeal of a law by this subtitle may not be construed as a legislative implication that the provision was or was not in effect before its repeal."

Section 5104(b) of Pub. L. 99–509, title V, subtitle B, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1928 , repealed specified laws relating to shipping, except for rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before Oct. 21, 1986.

Section 4(a) of Pub. L. 98–89, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 599 , provided that: "The repeal of a law by this Act may not be construed as a legislative implication that the provision was or was not in effect before its repeal."

Section 4(b) of Pub. L. 98–89, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 599 , repealed specified laws relating to shipping, except for rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before Aug. 26, 1983, and except as provided by section 2 of Pub. L. 98–89, set out as notes above and notes under sections 3101, 3302, 3715, and 6301 of this title.

Title Referred to in Other Sections

This title is referred to in section 1273a of Appendix to this title; title 7 section 5602; title 19 section 1609; title 26 section 415; title 33 section 59aa; title 42 section 9607.