TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE

Elimination of Title 50, Appendix

Title 50, Appendix, War and National Defense, has been eliminated. The following acts listed below in order of appearance in the former Appendix, with their associated headings and Code citations, have been transferred to Title 50 (however, provisions that have been repealed or eliminated as obsolete are not being transferred):

Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 (50 U.S.C. App. 1 et seq.), act Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 106, 40 Stat. 411—see 50 U.S.C. 4301 et seq.

Office of Selective Service Records (50 U.S.C. App. 321 et seq.), act Mar. 31, 1947, ch. 26, 61 Stat. 31; Pub. L. 85-844, title I, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1073—see 50 U.S.C. 3809 note.

Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 451 et seq.), act June 24, 1948, ch. 625, 62 Stat. 604—see 50 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.

Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (50 U.S.C. App. 501 et seq.), act Oct. 17, 1940, ch. 888, 54 Stat. 1178—see 50 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.

Clarification Act (50 U.S.C. App. 1291 et seq.), act Mar. 24, 1943, ch. 26, 57 Stat. 45—see 50 U.S.C. 4701 et seq.

Sale of Surplus War-Built Vessels (50 U.S.C. App. 1735 et seq.), act Mar. 8, 1946, ch. 82, 60 Stat. 41—see 50 U.S.C. 4401 et seq.

Restitution for World War II Internment of Japanese-Americans and Aleuts (50 U.S.C. App. 1989 et seq.), Pub. L. 100-383, Aug. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 903—see 50 U.S.C. 4201 et seq.

War Claims (50 U.S.C. App. 2001 et seq.), act July 3, 1948, ch. 826, 62 Stat. 1240—see 50 U.S.C. 4101 et seq.

Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2061 et seq.), act Sept. 8, 1950, ch. 932, 64 Stat. 798—see 50 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.

Domestic Minerals Program Extension (50 U.S.C. App. 2181 et seq.), act Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 339, 67 Stat. 417—see 50 U.S.C. 4502 note.

Export Regulation (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.), Pub. L. 96-72, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 503—see 50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.

For disposition of particular provisions that appeared with these acts, see Table II, above. Provisions not repealed or eliminated as obsolete that appeared under the heading “Proclamations, Executive Orders, Joint Resolutions and Treaties Respecting War, Neutrality and Peace” in material preceding section 1 of Title 50, Appendix, can be found under the same heading below.

The following acts, listed below in order of appearance in former Title 50, Appendix, with their associated headings and Code citations, have been omitted from the Code because all of the provisions of such acts have been repealed or omitted from the Code; in addition, any statutory provisions from other acts and executive provisions that were set out or classified with such acts have been omitted (see versions of the Code prior to Supplement III to the 2012 main edition for additional details):

Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Civil Relief Act of 1918 (50 U.S.C. App. 101 et seq.), act Mar. 8, 1918, ch. 20, 40 Stat. 440.

Selective Draft Act of 1917 (50 U.S.C. App. 201 et seq.), act May 18, 1917, ch. 15, 40 Stat. 76.

Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 (50 U.S.C. App. 301 et seq.), act Sept. 16, 1940, ch. 720, 54 Stat. 885.

Service Extension Act of 1941 (50 U.S.C. App. 351 et seq.), act Aug. 18, 1941, ch. 362, 55 Stat. 626.

Army Reserve and Retired Personnel Service Law of 1940 (50 U.S.C. App. 401 et seq.), act Aug. 27, 1940, ch. 689, 54 Stat. 858.

First War Powers Act, 1941 (50 U.S.C. App. 601 et seq.), act Dec. 18, 1941, ch. 593, 55 Stat. 838.

Second War Powers Act, 1942 (50 U.S.C. App. 631 et seq.), act Mar. 27, 1942, ch. 199, 56 Stat. 176.

Exportation Restrictions on Certain Articles (50 U.S.C. App. 701 et seq.), acts July 2, 1940, ch. 508, 54 Stat. 714; May 28, 1941, ch. 134, 55 Stat. 206.

Requisition of Military Equipment, Materials and Supplies (50 U.S.C. App. 711 et seq.), acts Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 836, 54 Stat. 1090; Oct. 16, 1941, ch. 445, 55 Stat. 742.

Territorial Use of Army and Extension of Service Period (50 U.S.C. App. 731 et seq.), act Dec. 13, 1941, ch. 571, 55 Stat. 799.

Civilian Protection From War Hazards (50 U.S.C. App. 741 et seq.), act Jan. 27, 1942, ch. 20, 56 Stat. 19.

Decorations, etc., for Merchant Marine (50 U.S.C. App. 751 et seq.), Joint Res. Apr. 11, 1942, ch. 241, 56 Stat. 217; acts May 10, 1943, ch. 96, 57 Stat. 81; Aug. 8, 1946, ch. 918, 60 Stat. 960.

Use of Public Lands for War Purposes (50 U.S.C. App. 756 et seq.), act June 5, 1942, ch. 346, 56 Stat. 323.

Miscellaneous Provisions Affecting Military Establishment (50 U.S.C. App. 761 et seq.), acts June 5, 1942, ch. 340, 56 Stat. 314; June 28, 1944, ch. 306, 58 Stat. 624; Feb. 21, 1946, ch. 34, § 3, 60 Stat. 27.

Photographing, Mapping or Other Representation of Military or Defense Properties (50 U.S.C. App. 781 et seq.), act June 25, 1942, ch. 447, 56 Stat. 390.

Exemption of Certain Articles From Import Duties and Taxes (50 U.S.C. App. 791 et seq.), Joint Res. June 27, 1942, ch. 455, 56 Stat. 461; Act June 27, 1942, ch. 453, 56 Stat. 461.

Temporary Appointments, Promotions, etc., of Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard Officers (50 U.S.C. App. 806 et seq.), act June 30, 1942, ch. 462, 56 Stat. 463.

Jurisdiction of Prizes and Prize Proceedings (50 U.S.C. App. 821 et seq.), act Aug. 18, 1942, ch. 553, 56 Stat. 746.

Certain Allowance Assistance for Civilian and Military Personnel (50 U.S.C. App. 831 et seq.), acts Oct. 14, 1942, ch. 603, 56 Stat. 786; Nov. 28, 1943, ch. 330, 57 Stat. 593; Oct. 26, 1942, ch. 624, 56 Stat. 987; July 16, 1953, ch. 197, § 1, 67 Stat. 172; Dec. 1, 1942, ch. 651, 56 Stat. 1024.

Free Entry of Gifts From Members of Armed Forces (50 U.S.C. App. 846 et seq.), act Dec. 5, 1942, ch. 680, 56 Stat. 1041.

Free Postage for Armed Forces Personnel (50 U.S.C. App. 891 et seq.), act July 12, 1950, ch. 460, 64 Stat. 336.

Emergency Price Control Act of 1942 (50 U.S.C. App. 901 et seq.), act Jan. 30, 1942, ch. 26, 56 Stat. 23.

Stabilization Act of 1942 (50 U.S.C. App. 961 et seq.), act Oct. 2, 1942, ch. 578, 56 Stat. 765.

Extension of Sugar Controls (50 U.S.C. App. 981 et seq.), act Mar. 31, 1947, ch. 30, 61 Stat. 35.

Missing Persons Act (50 U.S.C. App. 1001 et seq.), act Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, 56 Stat. 143.

Small Business Mobilization Act (50 U.S.C. App. 1101 et seq.), act June 11, 1942, ch. 404, 56 Stat. 351.

War and Defense Contract Acts (50 U.S.C. App. 1151 et seq.), acts June 28, 1940, ch. 440, 54 Stat. 676; July 2, 1940, ch. 508, 54 Stat. 712; July 11, 1941, ch. 290, § 3, 55 Stat. 585; Apr. 28, 1942, ch. 247, title IV, § 403, 56 Stat. 245; Dec. 17, 1942, ch. 739, 56 Stat. 1053; Feb. 25, 1944, ch. 63, title VIII, § 801, 58 Stat. 92; May 21, 1948, ch. 333, § 3, 62 Stat. 259; Mar. 23, 1951, ch. 15, 65 Stat. 7; July 17, 1953, ch. 221, 67 Stat. 177.

National Emergency and War Shipping Acts (50 U.S.C. App. 1251 et seq.), acts June 11, 1940, ch. 327, 54 Stat. 306; May 2, 1941, ch. 84, 55 Stat. 148; June 6, 1941, ch. 174, 55 Stat. 242; July 14, 1941, ch. 297, 55 Stat. 591; Apr. 29, 1943, ch. 81, 57 Stat. 69; July 9, 1943, ch. 212, 57 Stat. 391; Aug. 10, 1946, ch. 949, 60 Stat. 977.

Farm Labor Supply Appropriation Act, 1944 (50 U.S.C. App. 1351 et seq.), act Feb. 14, 1944, ch. 16, 58 Stat. 11.

War Overtime Pay Act of 1943 (50 U.S.C. App. 1401 et seq.), act May 7, 1943, ch. 93, 57 Stat. 75.

Training of Nurses Through Grants to Institutions (50 U.S.C. App. 1451 et seq.), act June 15, 1943, ch. 126, 57 Stat. 153.

Civilian Reemployment of Members of Merchant Marine (50 U.S.C. App. 1471 et seq.), act June 23, 1943, ch. 142, 57 Stat. 162.

War Labor Disputes Act (50 U.S.C. App. 1501 et seq.), act June 25, 1943, ch. 144, 57 Stat. 163.

Voluntary Enlistments in Regular Military Establishment (50 U.S.C. App. 1531 et seq.), act June 1, 1945, ch. 168, 59 Stat. 230.

Women’s Army Corps (50 U.S.C. App. 1551 et seq.), act July 1, 1943, ch. 187, 57 Stat. 371.

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (50 U.S.C. App. 1571 et seq.), act Mar. 28, 1944, ch. 135, 58 Stat. 122.

Temporary Appointments of Army Nurse Corps Members, etc., as Officers of Army of United States (50 U.S.C. App. 1591 et seq.), act June 22, 1944, ch. 272, 58 Stat. 324.

Disposal of Materials on Public Lands (50 U.S.C. App. 1601 et seq.), act Sept. 27, 1944, ch. 416, 58 Stat. 745.

Surplus Property Act of 1944 (50 U.S.C. App. 1611 et seq.), act Oct. 3, 1944, ch. 479, 58 Stat. 765 (section 13 of the Act, former 50 U.S.C. App. 1622, was transferred and is set out as a note under section 545 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works).

War Mobilization and Reconversion Act of 1944 (50 U.S.C. App. 1651 et seq.), act Oct. 3, 1944, ch. 480, 58 Stat. 785.

Fleet Admiral of Navy and General of Army (50 U.S.C. App. 1691 et seq.), act Dec. 14, 1944, ch. 580, 58 Stat. 802.

Disposal of Censored Mail (50 U.S.C. App. 1701), act Dec. 22, 1944, ch. 673, 58 Stat. 913.

Disbursing Officers’ Additional Functions (50 U.S.C. App. 1705 et seq.), act Dec. 23, 1944, ch. 716, 58 Stat. 921.

General of Marine Corps (50 U.S.C. App. 1711 et seq.), act Mar. 21, 1945, ch. 29, 59 Stat. 36.

Admiral in Coast Guard (50 U.S.C. App. 1721 et seq.), act Mar. 21, 1945, ch. 30, 59 Stat. 37.

Exception of Navy or Coast Guard Vessels From Certain Navigation Rules (50 U.S.C. App. 1731 et seq.), act Dec. 3, 1945, ch. 511, 59 Stat. 590.

Rehabilitation of Philippines (50 U.S.C. App. 1751 et seq.), act Apr. 30, 1946, ch. 243, 60 Stat. 128.

Return and Interment of Persons Buried Outside United States (50 U.S.C. App. 1811 et seq.), act May 16, 1946, ch. 261, 60 Stat. 182.

Veterans’ Emergency Housing Program (50 U.S.C. App. 1821 et seq.), acts May 22, 1946, ch. 268, 60 Stat. 207; June 30, 1948, ch. 775, 62 Stat. 1197.

Naval Vessels as Atomic Targets (50 U.S.C. App. 1841 et seq.), act June 25, 1946, ch. 487, 60 Stat. 308.

Admission of Alien Fiancées Into United States (50 U.S.C. App. 1851 et seq.), act June 29, 1946, ch. 520, 60 Stat. 339.

Military Assistance to Philippine Republic (50 U.S.C. App. 1861 et seq.), act June 26, 1946, ch. 500, 60 Stat. 315.

Naval Aid to China (50 U.S.C. App. 1871 et seq.), act July 16, 1946, ch. 580, 60 Stat. 539.

Naval Aid to Foreign Nations (50 U.S.C. App. 1876 et seq.), acts July 8, 1952, ch. 591, 66 Stat. 443; Aug. 5, 1953, ch. 321, 67 Stat. 363; Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 347, 67 Stat. 471; Pub. L. 85-532, July 18, 1958, 72 Stat. 376; Pub. L. 86-57, June 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 90; Pub. L. 86-482, June 1, 1960, 74 Stat. 153; Pub. L. 87-387, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 88-437, Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 444; Pub. L. 89-324, Nov. 5, 1965, 79 Stat. 1214; Pub. L. 89-398, Apr. 16, 1966, 80 Stat. 121; Pub. L. 90-224, Dec. 26, 1967, 81 Stat. 729; Pub. L. 91-682, Jan. 12, 1971, 84 Stat. 2066; Pub. L. 92-270, Apr. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 118.

Housing and Rent Acts (50 U.S.C. App. 1881 et seq.), acts June 30, 1947, ch. 163, 61 Stat. 193; Mar. 30, 1948, ch. 161, 62 Stat. 93; Mar. 30, 1949, ch. 42, 63 Stat. 18; June 23, 1950, ch. 354, 64 Stat. 255; also act June 30, 1952, ch. 530, title II, § 203 66 Stat. 307 (50 U.S.C. App. 1894a).

Domestic Rubber-Producing Industry (50 U.S.C. App. 1921 et seq.), act Mar. 31, 1948, ch. 166, 62 Stat. 101.

Disposal of Government-Owned Rubber-Producing Facilities (50 U.S.C. App. 1941 et seq.), act Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 338, 67 Stat. 408.

Displaced Persons, Refugees and Orphans (50 U.S.C. App. 1951 et seq.), acts June 25, 1948, ch. 647, 62 Stat. 1009; July 29, 1953, ch. 268, 67 Stat. 229; Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 336, 67 Stat. 400.

American-Japanese Evacuation Claims (50 U.S.C. App. 1981 et seq.), act July 2, 1948, ch. 814, 62 Stat. 1231.

Medical Care for Philippine Veterans (50 U.S.C. App. 1991 et seq.), act July 1, 1948, ch. 785, 62 Stat. 1210.

Micronesian War and Postwar Claims (50 U.S.C. App. 2018 et seq.), Pub. L. 92-39, July 1, 1971, 85 Stat. 92.

Export Controls (50 U.S.C. App. 2021 et seq.), act Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, 63 Stat. 7.

Alien Property Damage Claims (50 U.S.C. App. 2041 et seq.), act Mar. 15, 1949, ch. 19, 63 Stat. 12.

Domestic Tungsten, Asbestos, Fluorspar and Columbium-Tantalum Purchase Programs (50 U.S.C. App. 2191 et seq.), act July 19, 1956, ch. 638, 70 Stat. 579.

Dependents Assistance Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2201 et seq.), act Sept. 8, 1950, ch. 992, 64 Stat. 794.

Civil Defense (50 U.S.C. App. 2251 et seq.), act Jan. 12, 1951, ch. 1228, 64 Stat. 1245 (former 50 U.S.C. App. 2285, which was not enacted as part of such Act, was transferred to section 765 of Title 6, Domestic Security).

Emergency Food Aid to India (50 U.S.C. App. 2311 et seq.), act June 15, 1951, ch. 138, 65 Stat. 69.

Korean Combat Pay (50 U.S.C. App. 2351 et seq.), act July 10, 1952, ch. 630, title VII, 66 Stat. 538.

Emergency Ship Repair Program (50 U.S.C. App. 2391 et seq.), act Aug. 20, 1954, ch. 777, 68 Stat. 754.

In addition, the following dispositions were made in connection with the elimination of Title 50, Appendix:

Act June 19, 1951, ch. 144, title I, § 6, 65 Stat. 88 (50 U.S.C. App. 473) was transferred and is set out as a note under section 113 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Stabilization of Economy and Commodity Prices (50 U.S.C. App. 1911 et seq.), act Dec. 30, 1947, ch. 526, 61 Stat. 945, was transferred to a series of sections (§ 713d et seq.) in subchapter I of chapter 15 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

World War II License Agreements (50 U.S.C. App. 2371), act Aug. 16, 1950, ch. 716, 64 Stat. 448, was transferred and is set out as a note under section 301 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

PROCLAMATIONS, EXECUTIVE ORDERS, JOINT RESOLUTIONS AND TREATIES RESPECTING WAR, NEUTRALITY AND PEACE

(The following public laws and executive order were repealed, terminated, or omitted as obsolete prior to the elimination of Title 50, Appendix:

(Joint Res. Jan. 29, 1955, ch. 4, 69 Stat. 7, relating to protection of security of Formosa.

(Pub. L. 88-408, Aug. 10, 1964, 78 Stat. 384, relating to maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia.

(Ex. Ord No. 8233, Sept. 5, 1939, 4 F.R. 3822, relating to regulations governing enforcement of neutrality of the United States.)

I. PROCLAMATIONS OF STATE OF WAR

Proc. No. 2374, Nov. 4, 1939, 12:04 p.m., 4 F.R. 4493, 54 Stat. 2671, proclaimed a state of war between Germany and France; Poland; and the United Kingdom, India, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the Union of South Africa.

Proc. No. 2398, Apr. 25, 1940, 5 F.R. 1569, 54 Stat. 2698, proclaimed a state of war between Germany and Norway.

Proc. No. 2404, May 11, 1940, 5 F.R. 1689, 54 Stat. 2703, proclaimed a state of war between Germany and Belgium, Luxemburg, and the Netherlands.

Proc. No. 2407, June 10, 1940, 10:20 p.m., E.S.T., 5 F.R. 2191, 54 Stat. 2706, proclaimed a state of war between Italy and France and United Kingdom.

Proc. No. 2443, Nov. 15, 1940, 5 F.R. 4523, 54 Stat. 2763, proclaimed a state of war between Italy and Greece.

Proc. No. 2473, Apr. 10, 1941, 6 F.R. 1905, 55 Stat. 1627, proclaimed a state of war between Germany-Italy and Yugoslavia.

Proc. No. 2477, Apr. 15, 1941, 6 F.R. 1995, 55 Stat. 1631, proclaimed a state of war between Hungary and Yugoslavia.

Proc. No. 2479, Apr. 24, 1941, 6 F.R. 2133, 55 Stat. 1636, proclaimed a state of war between Bulgaria and Yugoslavia and Greece.

II. PROCLAMATIONS OF UNITED STATES NEUTRALITY

Proc. No. 2348, Sept. 5, 1939, 4 F.R. 3809, 54 Stat. 2629, proclaimed neutrality of United States in war between Germany and France; Poland; United Kingdom, India, Australia, and New Zealand.

Proc. No. 2353, Sept. 8, 1939, 4 F.R. 3851, 54 Stat. 2643, proclaimed neutrality of United States in war between Germany and Union of South Africa.

Proc. No. 2359, Sept. 10, 1939, 4 F.R. 3857, 54 Stat. 2652, proclaimed neutrality of United States in war between Germany and Canada.

Proc. No. 2399, Apr. 25, 1940, 5 F.R. 1569, 54 Stat. 2699, proclaimed neutrality of United States in war between Germany and Norway.

Proc. No. 2405, May 11, 1940, 5 F.R. 1689, 54 Stat. 2704, proclaimed neutrality of United States in war between Germany and Belgium, Luxemburg, and the Netherlands.

Proc. No. 2408, June 10, 1940, 10:20 p.m. E.S.T., 5 F.R. 2191, 54 Stat. 2707, proclaimed neutrality of United States in war between Italy and France and United Kingdom.

Proc. No. 2444, Nov. 15, 1940, 5 F.R. 4523, 54 Stat. 2764, proclaimed neutrality of United States in war between Italy and Greece.

See, also, notes under the Neutrality Act of 1939 (22 U.S.C. 441 et seq.).

III. MISCELLANEOUS PROCLAMATIONS AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS

National Emergency of 1939

Proc. No. 2352, Sept. 8, 1939, 4 F.R. 3851, 54 Stat. 2643, which proclaimed national emergency in connection with enforcement of neutrality, was terminated by Proc. No. 2974, set out below.

National Emergency of 1941

Proc. No. 2487, May 27, 1941, 6 F.R. 2617, 55 Stat. 1647, which proclaimed an unlimited national emergency relating to aggression directed toward the Western Hemisphere, was terminated by Proc. No. 2974, set out below.

Proc. No. 2685. Removal of Alien Enemies

Proc. No. 2685, Apr. 11, 1946, 11 F.R. 4079, 60 Stat. Pt. 2, p. 1342, provided:

1. All alien enemies within the continental limits of the United States brought here from other American republics after December 7, 1941, who are within the territory of the United States without admission under the immigration laws, shall, if their continued residence in the Western Hemisphere is deemed by the Secretary of State to be prejudicial to the future security or welfare of the Americas, be subject upon the order of the Secretary of State to removal from the United States and may be required to depart therefrom in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary of State may prescribe.

2. In all cases in which the Secretary of State shall have ordered the removal of an alien enemy under the authority of this proclamation or in which the Attorney General shall have ordered the removal of an alien enemy under the authority of Proclamation No. 2655 of July 14, 1945, thirty days shall be considered, and is hereby declared to be, a reasonable time for such alien enemy to effect the recovery, disposal, and removal of his goods and effects, and for his departure.

3. This proclamation supersedes Proclamation No. 2662 of September 8, 1945, entitled “Removal of Alien Enemies.”

Harry S Truman.

Proc. No. 2914. National Emergency, 1950

Proc. No. 2914, Dec. 16, 1950, 15 F.R. 9029, 64 Stat. a454 provided:

WHEREAS recent events in Korea and elsewhere constitute a grave threat to the peace of the world and imperil the efforts of this country and those of the United Nations to prevent aggression and armed conflict; and

WHEREAS world conquest by communist imperialism is the goal of the forces of aggression that have been loosed upon the world; and

WHEREAS, if the goal of communist imperialism were to be achieved, the people of this country would no longer enjoy the full and rich life they have with God’s help built for themselves and their children; they would no longer enjoy the blessings of the freedom of worshipping as they severally choose, the freedom of reading and listening to what they choose, the right of free speech including the right to criticize their Government, the right to choose those who conduct their Government, the right to engage freely in collective bargaining, the right to engage freely in their own business enterprises, and the many other freedoms and rights which are a part of our way of life; and

WHEREAS the increasing menace of the forces of communist aggression requires that the national defense of the United States be strengthened as speedily as possible:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, HARRY S. TRUMAN, President of the United States of America, do proclaim the existence of a national emergency, which requires that the military, naval, air, and civilian defenses of this country be strengthened as speedily as possible to the end that we may be able to repel any and all threats against our national security and to fulfill our responsibilities in the efforts being made through the United Nations and otherwise to bring about lasting peace.

I summon all citizens to make a united effort for the security and well-being of our beloved country and to place its needs foremost in thought and action that the full moral and material strength of the Nation may be readied for the dangers which threaten us.

I summon our farmers, our workers in industry, and our businessmen to make a mighty production effort to meet the defense requirements of the Nation and to this end to eliminate all waste and inefficiency and to subordinate all lesser interests to the common good.

I summon every person and every community to make, with a spirit of neighborliness, whatever sacrifices are necessary for the welfare of the Nation.

I summon all State and local leaders and officials to cooperate fully with the military and civilian defense agencies of the United States in the national defense program.

I summon all citizens to be loyal to the principles upon which our Nation is founded, to keep faith with our friends and allies, and to be firm in our devotion to the peaceful purposes for which the United Nations was founded.

I am confident that we will meet the dangers that confront us with courage and determination, strong in the faith that we can thereby “secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity.”

Harry S. Truman.

Proc. No. 2974. Termination of Wartime Emergencies

Proc. No. 2974, Apr. 28, 1952, 17 F.R. 3813, 66 Stat. c31, provided in part:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, HARRY S. TRUMAN, President of the United States of America, do proclaim that the national emergencies declared to exist by the proclamations of September 8, 1939 [see above], and May 27, 1941 [see above], terminated this day upon the entry into force of the Treaty of Peace with Japan.

Nothing in this proclamation shall be construed to affect Proclamation No. 2914 [set out above], issued by the President on December 16, 1950, declaring that world conquest by communist imperialism is the goal of the forces of aggression that have been loosed upon the world, and proclaiming the existence of a national emergency requiring that the military, naval, air, and civilian defenses of this country be strengthened as speedily as possible to the end that we may be able to repel any and all threats against our national security and to fulfill our responsibilities in the efforts being made through the United Nations and otherwise to bring about lasting peace; and nothing herein shall be construed to affect the continuation of the said emergency of September 8, 1939, as specified in the Emergency Powers Interim Continuation Act, approved April 14, 1952 (Public Law 313⁠—82d Congress), for the purpose of continuing the use of property held under the Act of October 14, 1940, ch. 862, 54 Stat. 1125, as amended [42 U.S.C. 1521 to 1524, 1531 to 1536, 1541 to 1553, 1561 to 1564, 1571 to 1576, 1581 to 1590].

Harry S Truman.

Ex. Ord. No. 8234. Regulations Governing Passage and Control of Vessels Through Panama Canal in any War in Which the United States is Neutral

Ex. Ord. No. 8234, Sept. 5, 1939, 4 F.R. 3823, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 8382, Mar. 25, 1940, 5 F.R. 1185, provided:

WHEREAS the treaties of the United States, in any war in which the United States is a neutral, impose on the United States certain obligations to both neutral and belligerent nations;

AND WHEREAS the treaties of the United States, in any war in which the United States is a neutral, require that the United States exert all the vigilance within their power to carry out their obligations as a neutral;

AND WHEREAS treaties of the United States require that the Panama Canal shall be free and open, on terms of entire equality, to the vessels of commerce and of war of all nations observing the rules laid down in Article 3 of the so-called Hay-Pauncefote treaty concluded between the United States and Great Britain, November 18, 1901:

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by section 5 of the Panama Canal Act, approved August 24, 1912 (ch. 390, sec. 5, 37 Stat. 562), as amended by the act of July 5, 1932 (ch. 425, 47 Stat. 578), I hereby prescribe the following regulations governing the passage and control of vessels through the Panama Canal or any part thereof, including the locks and approaches thereto, in any war in which the United States is a neutral;

1. Whenever considered necessary, in the opinion of the Governor of the Panama Canal, to prevent damage or injury to vessels or to prevent damage or injury to the Canal or its appurtenances, or to secure the observance of the rules, regulations, rights, or obligations of the United States, the Canal authorities may at any time, as a condition precedent to transit of the Canal, inspect any vessel, belligerent or neutral, other than a public vessel, including its crew and cargo, and, for and during the passage through the Canal, place armed guards thereon, and take full possession and control of such vessel and remove therefrom the officers and crew thereof and all other persons not specially authorized by the Canal authorities to go or remain on board thereof during such passage.

2. A public vessel of a belligerent or neutral nation shall be permitted to pass through the Canal only after her commanding officer has given written assurance to the authorities of the Panama Canal that the rules, regulations, and treaties of the United States will be faithfully observed.

3. Possession of cameras on board vessels; photographing from vessels. While on board any vessel in transit through the Panama Canal, no person shall (a) have or remain in possession of any camera, or (b) make any photograph, sketch, picture, drawing, map, or graphical representation of any of the locks of the Panama Canal, or of any portion of any such lock, or of any area within or adjacent to any such lock, or of any object or structure within or upon any such area, without first obtaining the permission of the Governor of The Panama Canal, and promptly submitting the product obtained to the Governor for such action as he may deem necessary. The master of every vessel that transmits the Panama Canal (a) shall prior to the beginning of each transit cause all cameras on board such vessel, or which are brought on board by embarking passengers, or otherwise, to be collected and delivered to him, and shall retain the said cameras in his possession, in a secure and inaccessible place, until the disembarkation of the original possessors thereof or until the transit through the Canal is completed, and (b) shall during such transit take such further action, in cooperation with the Canal authorities, as may be necessary to prevent the making, by any person on board such vessel in the waters of the Canal Zone, of any photograph, sketch, picture, drawing, map, or graphical representation which is forbidden by this paragraph; but these provisions shall not apply with respect to any person who has obtained permission as provided in this paragraph. Any person who shall violate any provision of this paragraph shall be punishable as provided in section 9 of title 2 of the [former] Canal Zone Code.

The foregoing regulations are in addition to the “Rules and Regulations for the Operation and Navigation of the Panama Canal and Approaches Thereto, including all Waters under its Jurisdiction” prescribed by Executive Order No. 4314 of September 25, 1925, as amended, and the provisions of proclamations and executive orders pertaining to the Canal Zone issued in conformity with the laws and treaties of the United States.

Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Proc. No. 2350, eff. Sept. 5, 1939, 4 F.R. 3821, 54 Stat. 2368, referred to regulations concerning neutrality in the Canal Zone.

Ex. Ord. No. 9723. Termination of President’s War Relief Control Board

Ex. Ord. No. 9723, May 14, 1946, 11 F.R. 5345, provided:

Executive Order No. 9205 of July 25, 1942, is revoked, and the President’s War Relief Control Board established by that order is hereby terminated. The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to liquidate all of the activities and obligations and wind up all of the affairs of the Board as rapidly as practicable, and to utilize therefore such of the personnel property, records, and unexpended appropriations of the Board as may be necessary.

Harry S Truman.

IV. DECLARATIONS OF WAR BY UNITED STATES

War Between United States and Germany

Declared by Joint Res. Apr. 6, 1917, ch. 1, 40 Stat. 1.

War Between United States and Austria-Hungary

Declared by Joint Res. Dec. 7, 1917, ch. 1, 40 Stat. 429.

War Between United States and Japan

Declared by Joint Res. Dec. 8, 1941, ch. 561, 55 Stat. 795.

War Between United States and Germany

Declared by Joint Res. Dec. 11, 1941, ch. 564, 55 Stat. 796.

War Between United States and Italy

Declared by Joint Res. Dec. 11, 1941, ch. 565, 55 Stat. 797.

War Between the United States and Bulgaria

Declared by Joint Res. June 5, 1942, ch. 323, 56 Stat. 307.

War Between United States and Hungary

Declared by Joint Res. June 5, 1942, ch. 324, 56 Stat. 307.

War Between United States and Rumania

Declared by Joint Res. June 5, 1942, ch. 325, 56 Stat. 307.

Proc. No. 2563. Proclamation of State of War Between United States and Hungary, Bulgaria, and Rumania

Proc. No. 2563, July 17, 1942, 7 F.R. 5535, 56 Stat. 1970, proclaimed that a state of war existed between the United States and Hungary, Rumania, and Bulgaria.

V. TERMINATION OF STATE OF WAR

Cessation of Hostilities

The cessation of hostilities of World War II was officially proclaimed by the President of the United States, Proc. No. 2714, Dec. 31, 1946, 12 F.R. 1, 61 Stat. 1048, in the following language:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, HARRY S. TRUMAN, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the cessation of hostilities of World War II, effective twelve o’clock noon, December 31, 1946.

Treaties of Peace With Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania, and Finland

On the 10th day of February 1947, separate Treaties of Peace were concluded by designated Allied and Associated Powers, including the United States of America, with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary and Rumania.

Each of these Treaties contained a recital in the Preamble that the Allied and Associated Powers named therein

Have therefore agreed to declare the cessation of the state of war and for this purpose to conclude the present Treaty of Peace, and have accordingly appointed the undersigned Plenipotentiaries who, after presentation of their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed on the following provisions: * * *.

The full text of the Treaties of Peace with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania and Finland are set out in 61 Stat. 1245, 1915, 2065, 1757.

On the same date a Treaty of Peace was concluded with Finland. The United States is not a signatory thereto.

Treaty of Peace with Japan

The Treaty of Peace with Japan signed at the city of San Francisco on the 8th day of September 1951, Chapter I, Article 1, provides:

(a) The state of war between Japan and each of the Allied Powers is terminated as from the date on which the present Treaty comes into force between Japan and the Allied Power concerned as provided for in Article 23.

Article 23 of Chapter VII, above referred to, provides:

(a) The present Treaty shall be ratified by the States which sign it, including Japan, and will come into force for all the States which have then ratified it, when instruments of ratification have been deposited by Japan and by a majority, including the United States of America as the principal occupying Power, of the following States [here would appear the names of such of the following States as are signatories to the present Treaty], namely Australia, Burma, Canada, Ceylon, France, India, Indonesia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the United States of America. The present Treaty shall come into force for each State which subsequently ratifies it, on the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification.

(b) If the Treaty has not come into force within nine months after the date of the deposit of Japan’s ratification, any State which has ratified it may bring the Treaty into force between itself and Japan by a notification to that effect given to the Government of Japan and of the United States of America not later than three years after the date of deposit of Japan’s ratification.

Ratification of Japanese Peace Treaty

The Treaty of Peace with Japan, signed at San Francisco on September 8, 1951, was ratified by the United States Senate on March 20, 1952. For Resolution of ratification, see Cong. Rec., vol. 98, pt. 2, p. 2594, Mar. 20, 1952. According to Proc. No. 2974, eff. Apr. 29, 1952, 17 F.R. 3813, 66 Stat. c31, terminating the national emergencies proclaimed on September 8, 1939, and May 27, 1941, and set out above, such treaty came into force on Apr. 28, 1952.

Germany

Joint Resolution of Congress

Joint Res. Oct. 19, 1951, ch. 519, 65 Stat. 451, provided: “That the state of war declared to exist between the United States and the Government of Germany by the joint resolution of Congress approved December 11, 1941, is hereby terminated and such termination shall take effect on the date of enactment of this resolution [Oct. 19, 1951]: Provided, however, That notwithstanding this resolution and any proclamation issued by the President pursuant thereto, any property or interest which prior to January 1, 1947, was subject to vesting or seizure under the provisions of the Trading With the Enemy Act of October 6, 1917 (40 Stat. 411), as amended [50 U.S.C. 4301 et seq.] or which has heretofore been vested or seized under that Act, including accruals to or proceeds of any such property or interest, shall continue to be subject to the provisions of that Act in the same manner and to the same extent as if this resolution had not been adopted and such proclamation had not been issued. Nothing herein and nothing in such proclamation shall alter the status, as it existed immediately prior hereto, under that Act, of Germany or of any person with respect to any such property or interest.”

Proclamation No. 2950

Proc. No. 2950, Oct. 25, 1951, 16 F.R. 10915, 66 Stat. c3, proclaimed that the state of war between the United States and the Government of Germany declared on Dec. 11, 1941 was terminated on Oct. 19, 1951.

VI. AUTHORIZATION TO EMPLOY ARMED FORCES

Termination of Hostilities in Indochina

Pub. L. 92-129, title IV, § 401, Sept. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 360, provided that:

“It is hereby declared to be the sense of Congress that the United States terminate at the earliest practicable date all military operations of the United States in Indochina, and provide for the prompt and orderly withdrawal of all United States military forces at a date certain subject to the release of all American prisoners of war held by the Government of North Vietnam and forces allied with such Government, and an accounting for all Americans missing in action who have been held by or known to such Government or such forces. The Congress hereby urges and requests the President to implement the above expressed policy by initiating immediately the following actions:

“(1)  Negotiate with the Government of North Vietnam for an immediate cease-fire by all parties to the hostilities in Indochina.

“(2)  Negotiate with the Government of North Vietnam for the establishing of a final date for the withdrawal from Indochina of all military forces of the United States contingent upon the release at a date certain of all American prisoners of war held by the Government of North Vietnam and forces allied with such Government.

“(3)  Negotiate with the Government of North Vietnam for an agreement which would provide for a series of phased and rapid withdrawals of United States military forces from Indochina subject to a corresponding series of phased releases of American prisoners of war, and for the release of any remaining American prisoners of war concurrently with the withdrawal of all remaining military forces of the United States by not later than the date established pursuant to paragraph (2) hereof.”

Proc. No. 3504. Interdiction of the Delivery of Offensive Weapons to Cuba

Proc. No. 3504, Oct. 23, 1962, 27 F.R. 10401, 77 Stat. 958, provided:

WHEREAS the peace of the world and the security of the United States and of all American States are endangered by reason of the establishment by the Sino-Soviet powers of an offensive military capability in Cuba, including bases for ballistic missiles with a potential range covering most of North and South America;

WHEREAS by a Joint Resolution passed by the Congress of the United States and approved on October 3, 1962, it was declared that the United States is determined to prevent by whatever means may be necessary, including the use of arms, the Marxist-Leninist regime in Cuba from extending, by force or the threat of force, its aggressive or subversive activities to any part of this hemisphere, and to prevent in Cuba the creation or use of an externally supported military capability endangering the security of the United States; and

WHEREAS the Organ of Consultation of the American Republics meeting in Washington on October 23, 1962, recommended that the Member States, in accordance with Articles 6 and 8 of the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, take all measures, individually and collectively, including the use of armed force, which they may deem necessary to ensure that the Government of Cuba cannot continue to receive from the Sino-Soviet powers military material and related supplies which may threaten the peace and security of the Continent and to prevent the missiles in Cuba with offensive capability from ever becoming an active threat to the peace and security of the Continent:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, JOHN F. KENNEDY, President of the United States of America, acting under and by virtue of the authority conferred upon me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States, in accordance with the aforementioned resolutions of the United States Congress and of the Organ of Consultation of the American Republics, and to defend the security of the United States, do hereby proclaim that the forces under my command are ordered, beginning at 2:00 P.M. Greenwich time October 24, 1962, to interdict, subject to the instructions herein contained, the delivery of offensive weapons and associated material to Cuba.

For the purposes of this Proclamation, the following are declared to be prohibited materiel:

Surface-to-surface missiles; bomber aircraft; bombs, air-to-surface rockets and guided missiles; warheads for any of the above weapons; mechanical or electronic equipment to support or operate the above items; and any other classes of materiel hereafter designated by the Secretary of Defense for the purpose of effectuating this Proclamation.

To enforce this order, the Secretary of Defense shall take appropriate measures to prevent the delivery of prohibited materiel to Cuba, employing the land, sea and air forces of the United States in cooperation with any forces that may be made available by other American States.

The Secretary of Defense may make such regulations and issue such directives as he deems necessary to ensure the effectiveness of this order, including the designation, within a reasonable distance of Cuba, of prohibited or restricted zones and of prescribed routes.

Any vessel or craft which may be proceeding toward Cuba may be intercepted and may be directed to identify itself, its cargo, equipment and stores and its ports of call, to stop, to lie to, to submit to visit and search, or to proceed as directed. Any vessel or craft which fails or refuses to respond to or comply with directions shall be subject to being taken into custody. Any vessel or craft which it is believed is en route to Cuba and may be carrying prohibited materiel or may itself constitute such materiel shall, wherever possible, be directed to proceed to another destination of its own choice and shall be taken into custody if it fails or refuses to obey such directions. All vessels or craft taken into custody shall be sent into a port of the United States for appropriate disposition.

In carrying out this order, force shall not be used except in case of failure or refusal to comply with directions, or with regulations or directives of the Secretary of Defense issued hereunder, after reasonable efforts have been made to communicate them to the vessel or craft, or in case of self-defense. In any case, force shall be used only to the extent necessary.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

 Done in the City of Washington this twenty-third day of October in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and sixty-two, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and eighty-seventh.

[seal]

John Fitzgerald Kennedy.

Proc. No. 3507. Terminating Authority Granted and Orders Issued in Proc. No. 3504

Proc. No. 3507, Nov. 21, 1962, 27 F.R. 11525, 77 Stat. 961, provided:

I, JOHN F. KENNEDY, President of the United States of America, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States, do hereby proclaim that at 11 p.m., Greenwich Time, November 20, 1962, I terminated the authority conferred upon the Secretary of Defense by Proclamation No. 3504, dated October 23, 1962 [set out above], and revoked the orders contained therein to forces under my command.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

 DONE at the City of Washington this 21st day of November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and sixty-two and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and eighty-seventh.

[seal]

John F. Kennedy.

Middle East Stabilization

Pub. L. 85-7, §§ 1–6, Mar. 9, 1957, 71 Stat. 5, set out as chapter 24A (§ 1961 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, authorizes the President to provide economic and military assistance, and, if he determines it necessary, to use armed forces under certain circumstances to maintenance of national independence in the Middle East.