§1201. Federal Communications Commission duties
(a) Commercial mobile service alert regulations
Within 180 days after the date on which the Commercial Mobile Service Alert Advisory Committee, established pursuant to section 1202(a) of this title, transmits recommendations to the Federal Communications Commission, the Commission shall complete a proceeding to adopt relevant technical standards, protocols, procedures, and other technical requirements based on the recommendations of such Advisory Committee necessary to enable commercial mobile service alerting capability for commercial mobile service providers that voluntarily elect to transmit emergency alerts. The Commission shall consult with the National Institute of Standards and Technology regarding the adoption of technical standards under this subsection.
(b) Commercial mobile service election
(1) Amendment of commercial mobile service license
Within 120 days after the date on which the Federal Communications Commission adopts relevant technical standards and other technical requirements pursuant to subsection (a), the Commission shall complete a proceeding—
(A) to allow any licensee providing commercial mobile service (as defined in section 332(d)(1) of this title) to transmit emergency alerts to subscribers to, or users of, the commercial mobile service provided by such licensee;
(B) to require any licensee providing commercial mobile service that elects, in whole or in part, under paragraph (2) not to transmit emergency alerts to provide clear and conspicuous notice at the point of sale of any devices with which its commercial mobile service is included, that it will not transmit such alerts via the service it provides for the device; and
(C) to require any licensee providing commercial mobile service that elects under paragraph (2) not to transmit emergency alerts to notify its existing subscribers of its election.
(2) Election
(A) In general
Within 30 days after the Commission issues its order under paragraph (1), each licensee providing commercial mobile service shall file an election with the Commission with respect to whether or not it intends to transmit emergency alerts.
(B) Transmission standards; notification
If a licensee providing commercial mobile service elects to transmit emergency alerts via its commercial mobile service, the licensee shall—
(i) notify the Commission of its election; and
(ii) agree to transmit such alerts in a manner consistent with the technical standards, protocols, procedures, and other technical requirements implemented by the Commission.
(C) No fee for service
A commercial mobile service licensee that elects to transmit emergency alerts may not impose a separate or additional charge for such transmission or capability.
(D) Withdrawal; late election
The Commission shall establish a procedure—
(i) for a commercial mobile service licensee that has elected to transmit emergency alerts to withdraw its election without regulatory penalty or forfeiture upon advance written notification of the withdrawal to its affected subscribers;
(ii) for a commercial mobile service licensee to elect to transmit emergency alerts at a date later than provided in subparagraph (A); and
(iii) under which a subscriber may terminate a subscription to service provided by a commercial mobile service licensee that withdraws its election without penalty or early termination fee.
(E) Consumer choice technology
Any commercial mobile service licensee electing to transmit emergency alerts may offer subscribers the capability of preventing the subscriber’s device from receiving such alerts, or classes of such alerts, other than an alert issued by—
(i) the President; or
(ii) the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
(c) Digital television transmission towers retransmission capability
Within 90 days after the date on which the Commission adopts relevant technical standards based on recommendations of the Commercial Mobile Service Alert Advisory Committee, established pursuant to section 1202(a) of this title, the Commission shall complete a proceeding to require licensees and permittees of noncommercial educational broadcast stations or public broadcast stations (as those terms are defined in section 397(6) of this title) to install necessary equipment and technologies on, or as part of, any broadcast television digital signal transmitter to enable the distribution of geographically targeted alerts by commercial mobile service providers that have elected to transmit emergency alerts under this section.
(d) FCC regulation of compliance
The Federal Communications Commission may enforce compliance with this chapter but shall have no rulemaking authority under this chapter, except as provided in subsections (a), (b), (c), and (f).
(e) Limitation of liability
(1) In general
Any commercial mobile service provider (including its officers, directors, employees, vendors, and agents) that transmits emergency alerts and meets its obligations under this chapter shall not be liable to any subscriber to, or user of, such person’s service or equipment for—
(A) any act or omission related to or any harm resulting from the transmission of, or failure to transmit, an emergency alert; or
(B) the release to a government agency or entity, public safety, fire service, law enforcement official, emergency medical service, or emergency facility of subscriber information used in connection with delivering such an alert.
(2) Election not to transmit alerts
The election by a commercial mobile service provider under subsection (b)(2)(A) not to transmit emergency alerts, or to withdraw its election to transmit such alerts under subsection (b)(2)(D) shall not, by itself, provide a basis for liability against the provider (including its officers, directors, employees, vendors, and agents).
(f) Testing
The Commission shall require by regulation technical testing for commercial mobile service providers that elect to transmit emergency alerts and for the devices and equipment used by such providers for transmitting such alerts.
( Pub. L. 109-347, title VI, § 602 , Oct. 13, 2006 , 120 Stat. 1936 ; Pub. L. 116-283, div. H, title XCII, § 9201(a)(1) , Jan. 1, 2021 , 134 Stat. 4785 .)
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (d) and (e)(1), was in the original “this title”, meaning title VI of Pub. L. 109-347, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1936, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title VI to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.
Amendments
2021—Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 116-283, substituted in first sentence, “other than an alert issued by—” for “other than an alert issued by the President.”, and added cls. (i) and (ii), and struck out after first sentence “Within 2 years after the Commission completes the proceeding under paragraph (1), the Commission shall examine the issue of whether a commercial mobile service provider should continue to be permitted to offer its subscribers such capability. The Commission shall submit a report with its recommendations to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.”
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Short Title
Pub. L. 109-347, title VI, § 601, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1936, provided that:
“This title [enacting this chapter, section 314a of Title 6, Domestic Security, and section 5189e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amending section 101 of Title 6 and sections 5150, 5172, 5173, and 5184 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Warning, Alert, and Response Network Act’.”
Transmission of Emergency Alerts by Satellite
Pub. L. 119-136, Oct. 22, 2026, 140 Stat. 1100, provided that:
“SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
“This Act may be cited as the ‘Mystic Alerts Act’.
“SEC. 2. TRANSMISSION OF EMERGENCY ALERTS BY SATELLITE.
“(a) Service Provider Election.—
“(1) Required filing.—Not later than 60 days after the effective date of the final rule required to be issued under subsection (b), each covered service provider shall file an election with the Federal Communications Commission with respect to whether the provider intends to transmit emergency alerts by satellite to the subscribers of the commercial mobile service of the provider who receive such service on devices capable of receiving such alerts, in addition to the transmission of emergency alerts under the Warning[,] Alert, and Response Network Act [title VI of Pub. L. 109-347, 47 U.S.C. 1201 et seq.].
“(2) Notification; agreement.—If a provider elects to transmit emergency alerts to subscribers by satellite under paragraph (1), the provider shall—
“(A) notify the Commission of that election; and
“(B) agree to transmit such alerts in a manner consistent with the technical standards, protocols, procedures, and other technical requirements implemented by the Commission.
“(3) Election not to transmit.—If a provider elects not to transmit emergency alerts by satellite under paragraph (1), the provider shall provide notice to new and existing subscribers described in such paragraph of that election in the same manner that is required under subparagraphs (B) and (C) of section 602(b)(1) of the Warning, Alert, and Response Network Act [47 U.S.C. 1201(b)(1)].
“(4) Consumer choice to opt out.—If a provider elects to transmit emergency alerts to subscribers of such service by satellite under paragraph (1), the provider shall prevent the device of any such subscriber that opts out of receiving emergency alerts pursuant to section 602(b)(2)(E) of the Warning, Alert, and Response Network Act [47 U.S.C. 1201(b)(2)(E)], or classes of such alerts, from receiving such alerts by satellite.
“(5) No fee for service.—If a provider elects to transmit emergency alerts to subscribers by satellite under paragraph (1), the provider may not impose a separate or additional charge for such transmission or capability.
“(b) Satellite Alert Regulations.—
“(1) Notice of proposed rulemaking.—Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 2026], the Commission shall publish a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to establish any requirements necessary to facilitate the satellite alerting capability of covered service providers.
“(2) Requirements.—The requirements required by paragraph (1) shall—
“(A) take into account the capability of—
“(i) satellites to transmit emergency alerts; and
“(ii) mobile devices to receive and display such alerts; and
“(B) minimize the impact of emergency alerting on other voice and data communications, including 9–1–1 communications.
“(3) Final rule.—Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, issue a final rule establishing the requirements described under paragraph (1).
“(4) Effective date of rule.—
“(A) Date.—The effective date of the final rule described under paragraph (3) shall be the later of—
“(i) 36 months after publication of the final rule in the Federal Register; or
“(ii) 12 months after the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency implement any standards, protocols, or procedures necessary to support the transmission of emergency alerts from alert originators to covered service providers, the Secretary and the Administrator shall notify the Commission of such implementation.
“(B) Notification.—The Secretary of Homeland Security and the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall notify the Commission of the implementation of any standards, protocols, or procedures described under subparagraph (A)(ii) for the purpose of determining the effective date of the final rule described under paragraph (3).
“(c) Limitation of Liability.—
“(1) In general.—Any covered service provider (including its officers, directors, employees, vendors, and agents) that transmits emergency alerts by satellite and meets its obligations under this Act shall not be liable to any subscriber to, or user of, such person’s service or equipment for—
“(A) any act or omission related to or any harm resulting from the transmission of, or failure to transmit, an emergency alert by satellite; or
“(B) the release to a government agency or entity, public safety, fire service, law enforcement official, emergency medical service, or emergency facility of subscriber information used in connection with delivering such an alert.
“(2) Election not to transmit alerts by satellite.—The election by a covered service provider under subsection (a)(3) not to transmit emergency alerts by satellite shall not, by itself, provide a basis for liability against the provider (including its officers, directors, employees, vendors, and agents).
“(d) Covered Service Provider.—In this Act, ‘covered service provider’ means a provider of commercial mobile service that—
“(1) voluntarily elects to transmit emergency alerts under section 602(b) of the Warning, Alert, and Response Network Act (Public Law 109–347; 42 U.S.C. 1201[(b)]); and
“(2) makes satellite voice and data communications service available to subscribers of the commercial mobile service of the provider.”
Wireless Emergency Alerts for Shark Attacks
Pub. L. 119-100, June 26, 2026, 140 Stat. 845, provided that:
“SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
“This Act may be cited as ‘Lulu’s Law’.
“SEC. 2. WIRELESS EMERGENCY ALERTS.
“(a) Definition.—In this section, the term ‘Alert Message’ has the meaning given the term in section 10.10(a) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulation.
“(b) Requirement.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [June 26, 2026], the Federal Communications Commission shall issue an order to provide that a shark attack is an event for which an Alert Message may be transmitted.”