SUBCHAPTER III—FUNCTIONS

§2571. Research, development and other studies

The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to exercise his powers in this subchapter in such manner as to ensure the acquisition of a fund of theoretical and practical knowledge concerning disarmament and nonproliferation. To this end, the Secretary of State is authorized and directed, under the direction of the President, (1) to ensure the conduct of research, development, and other studies in the fields of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament; (2) to make arrangements (including contracts, agreements, and grants) for the conduct of research, development, and other studies in the fields of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament by private or public institutions or persons; and (3) to coordinate the research, development, and other studies conducted in the fields of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament by or for other Government agencies. In carrying out his responsibilities under this chapter, the Secretary of State shall, to the maximum extent feasible, make full use of available facilities, Government and private. The authority of the Secretary under this chapter with respect to research, development, and other studies concerning arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament shall be limited to participation in the following:

(a) Control, reduction and elimination of armed forces and armaments

the detection, identification, inspection, monitoring, limitation, reduction, control, and elimination of armed forces and armaments, including thermonuclear, nuclear, missile, conventional, bacteriological, chemical, and radiological weapons:

(b) Weapon detection and identification tests

the techniques and systems of detecting, identifying, inspecting, and monitoring of tests of nuclear, thermonuclear, and other weapons;

(c) Analysis of national budgets and economic indicators

the analysis of national budgets, levels of industrial production, and economic indicators to determine the amounts spent by various countries for armaments ¹ and of all aspects of anti-satellite activities;

(d) Space, earth's surface and underwater regions

the control, reduction, and elimination of armed forces and armaments in space, in areas on and beneath the earth's surface, and in underwater regions;

(e) Structure and operation of international control

the structure and operation of international control and other organizations useful for arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament;

(f) Training of control system personnel

the training of scientists, technicians, and other personnel for manning the control systems which may be created by international arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements;

(g) Danger of war from accident, miscalculation, or surprise attack

the reduction and elimination of the danger of war resulting from accident, miscalculation, or possible surprise attack, including (but not limited to) improvements in the methods of communications between nations;

(h) Economic and political consequences of disarmament

the economic and political consequences of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament, including the problems of readjustment arising in industry and the reallocation of national resources;

(i) Disarmament implications of foreign and national security policies of United States

the arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament implications of foreign and national security policies of the United States with a view to a better understanding of the significance of such policies for the achievement of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament;

(j) National security and foreign policy implications of disarmament

the national security and foreign policy implications of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament proposals with a view to a better understanding of the effect of such proposals upon national security and foreign policy;

(k) Methods for maintenance of peace and security during stages of disarmament

methods for the maintenance of peace and security during different stages of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament;

(l) War prevention factors

the scientific, economic, political, legal, social, psychological, military, and technological factors related to the prevention of war with a view to a better understanding of how the basic structure of a lasting peace may be established; and

(m) Other related problems

such related problems as the Secretary of State may determine to be in need of research, development, or study in order to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §301, formerly §31, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 633; Pub. L. 88–186, §5, Nov. 26, 1963, 77 Stat. 342; Pub. L. 95–108, §3, Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 871; Pub. L. 97–339, §4, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1636; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §719(c), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 501; renumbered §301 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(6), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–769, 2681-772.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(6)(A)–(E), in introductory provisions, inserted "this subchapter in" after "powers in", substituted "Secretary of State" for "Director" wherever appearing and "ensure" for "insure" in two places, struck out "in accordance with procedures established under section 2575 of this title" after "other Government agencies", and substituted "The authority of the Secretary under this chapter with respect to research, development, and other studies concerning arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament shall be limited to participation in the following:" for "The authority of the Director with respect to research, development, and other studies shall be limited to participation in the following insofar as they relate to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament:".

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(6)(F), inserted "and" at end.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(6)(B), substituted "Secretary of State" for "Director".

1994—Pub. L. 103–236, in introductory provisions, substituted "fields of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament" for "field of arms control and disarmament" in three places, in first sentence, inserted "and nonproliferation" after "disarmament", and in fourth sentence, inserted ", nonproliferation," after "arms control" wherever appearing.

1982—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–339 inserted "and of all aspects of antisatellite activities".

1977—Pub. L. 95–108 struck out "United States" before "private" in cl. (2) of opening par.

1963—Pub. L. 88–186 inserted "United States" before "private" in cl. (2) of opening par.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.

Report on International Transfer of Conventional Arms

Pub. L. 92–352, title III, §302, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 495, directed Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, with cooperation of other agencies, to prepare a comprehensive report on international transfer of conventional arms and submit this report no later than one year after July 13, 1972, with an interim report submitted no later than six months after July 13, 1972.

¹ So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

§2572. Patents; availability to general public; protection of background rights

All research within the United States contracted for, sponsored, cosponsored, or authorized under authority of this chapter, shall be provided for in such manner that all information as to uses, products, processes, patents, and other developments resulting from such research developed by Government expenditure will (with such exceptions and limitations, if any, as the Secretary of State may find to be necessary in the public interest) be available to the general public. This section shall not be so construed as to deprive the owner of any background patent relating thereto of such rights as he may have thereunder.

(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §302, formerly §32, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 634; renumbered §302 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(7), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–769, 2681-772.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(7), substituted "Secretary of State" for "Director" and "section" for "subsection".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.

§2573. Policy formulation

(a) Formulation

The Secretary of State shall prepare for the President, and the heads of such other Government agencies as the President may determine, recommendations and advice concerning United States arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy.

(b) Prohibition

No action shall be taken pursuant to this chapter or any other Act that would obligate the United States to reduce or limit the Armed Forces or armaments of the United States in a militarily significant manner, except pursuant to the treaty-making power of the President set forth in Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution or unless authorized by the enactment of further affirmative legislation by the Congress of the United States.

(c) Statutory construction

Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to authorize any policy or action by any Government agency which would interfere with, restrict, or prohibit the acquisition, possession, or use of firearms by an individual for the lawful purpose of personal defense, sport, recreation, education, or training.

(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §303, formerly §33, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 634; Pub. L. 88–186, §3, Nov. 26, 1963, 77 Stat. 342; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §709, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 494; renumbered §303 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(8), (21), subdiv. B, title XXVI, §2602, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–769, 2681-772, 2681-839.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (c), was in the original "this chapter" and was translated as reading "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–297, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 631, known as the Arms Control and Disarmament Act, which is classified generally to this chapter, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(8), substituted "Secretary of State" for "Director" and struck out "the Secretary of State," after "the President,".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §2602, added subsec. (c).

1994—Pub. L. 103–236 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "The Director is authorized and directed to prepare for the President, the Secretary of State, and the heads of such other Government agencies, as the President may determine, recommendations concerning United States arms control and disarmament policy: Provided, however, That no action shall be taken under this chapter or any other law that will obligate the United States to disarm or to reduce or to limit the Armed Forces or armaments of the United States, except pursuant to the treaty making power of the President under the Constitution or unless authorized by further affirmative legislation by the Congress of the United States. Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to authorize any policy or action by any Government agency which would interfere with, restrict, or prohibit the acquisition, possession, or use of firearms by an individual for the lawful purpose of personal defense, sport, recreation, education, or training."

1963—Pub. L. 88–186 inserted provision precluding construction of this chapter to authorize the regulation of the possession of firearms by an individual.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by section 1223(8), (21) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.

§2574. Negotiation management

(a) Responsibilities

The Secretary of State, under the direction of the President, shall have primary responsibility for the preparation, conduct, and management of United States participation in all international negotiations and implementation fora in the field of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament. In furtherance of these responsibilities, Special Representatives of the President appointed pursuant to section 2567 of this title, shall, as directed by the President, serve as United States Government representatives to international organizations, conferences, and activities relating to the field of nonproliferation, such as the preparations for and conduct of the review relating to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

(b) Authority

The Secretary of State is authorized—

(1) to formulate plans and make preparations for the establishment, operation, and funding of inspections and control systems which may become part of the United States arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament activities; and

(2) as authorized by law, to put into effect, direct, or otherwise assume United States responsibility for such systems.

(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §304, formerly §34, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 634; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §710, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 494; renumbered §304 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(9), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–769, 2681-772.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(A)(v), (vi), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 2567 of this title, and struck out "the" after "serve as" in second sentence.

Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(A)(iv), which directed amendment of subsec. (a) by striking "and shall have primary responsibility, whenever directed by the President, for the preparation, conduct, and management of the United States participation in international negotiations and implementation fora in the field of nonproliferation" before period at end of first sentence, was executed by striking language which did not include the word "the" before "United States" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(A)(i), (ii), in first sentence, substituted "The Secretary of State" for "The Director" and struck out "and the Secretary of State" after "the President".

Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(A)(iii), which directed the insertion of ", nonproliferation," after "fields of arms control", was executed by making the insertion after "field of arms control" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(D), in introductory provisions, substituted "Secretary of State" for "Director", redesignated pars. (2) and (3) as (1) and (2), respectively, and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "for the purpose of conducting negotiations concerning arms control, nonproliferation, or disarmament or for the purpose of exercising any other authority given him by this chapter—

"(A) to consult and communicate with, or to direct the consultation and communication with, representatives of other nations or of international organizations, and

"(B) to communicate in the name of the Secretary of State with diplomatic representatives of the United States in the United States or abroad;".

Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(C), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b).

Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(B), struck out subsec. (b) which read as follows: "The Director shall perform functions pursuant to section 2(c) of the Reorganization Plan 8 of 1953 with respect to providing to the United States Information Agency official United States positions and policy on arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament matters for dissemination abroad."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(9)(C), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b).

1994—Pub. L. 103–236 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to powers and duties of Director to consult with representatives of the United States and other nations, to provide official United States positions on arms control and disarmament matters to the United States Information Agency, and to formulate and implement plans for arms control inspection and control systems.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.

§2575. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1222, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–768

Section, Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §35, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 635; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §719(d), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 501, related to coordination of Government agencies and resolution of policy differences.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.

§2576. Arms control information

In order to assist the Secretary of State in the performance of his duties with respect to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy and negotiations, any Government agency preparing any legislative or budgetary proposal for—

(1) any program of research, development, testing, engineering, construction, deployment, or modernization with respect to nuclear armaments, nuclear implements of war, military facilities or military vehicles designed or intended primarily for the delivery of nuclear weapons,

(2) any program of research, development, testing, engineering, construction, deployment, or modernization with respect to armaments, ammunition, implements of war, or military facilities, having—

(A) an estimated total program cost in excess of $250,000,000, or

(B) an estimated annual program cost in excess of $50,000,000, or

(3) any other program involving technology with potential military application or weapons systems which such Government agency or the Secretary of State believes may have a significant impact on arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament policy or negotiations,

shall, on a continuing basis, provide the Secretary of State with full and timely access to detailed information with respect to the nature, scope, and purpose of such proposal.

(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §305, formerly §36, as added Pub. L. 94–141, title I, §146, Nov. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 758; amended Pub. L. 95–338, §1, Aug. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 458; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §§704(1), 719(e), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 492, 501; renumbered §305 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(10), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–770, 2681-772.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(10), substituted "Secretary of State" for "Director" wherever appearing and, in concluding provisions, struck out ", in accordance with the procedures established pursuant to section 2575 of this title," after "detailed information".

1994—Pub. L. 103–236, §719(e), substituted "information" for "impact information and analysis" in section catchline, redesignated subsec. (a) as entire section, and inserted ", nonproliferation," after "arms control" in introductory provisions and par. (3).

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 103–236, §704(1), struck out subsec. (b) which required the Director to assess and analyze certain legislative and budgetary proposals with respect to their impact on arms control and disarmament policy and negotiations and subsec. (c) which prohibited courts from compelling performance of any requirement under this section.

1978—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 95–338, §1(1), substituted "technology with potential military application or weapons systems" for "weapons systems or technology".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 95–338, §1(2), inserted provisions requiring requests to be transmitted either as an individual program or as an aggregation of related programs, and classification requirements for transmitted statements.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.

§2577. Verification of compliance

(a) In general

In order to ensure that arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements can be verified, the Secretary of State shall report to Congress, on a timely basis, or upon request by an appropriate committee of the Congress—

(1) in the case of any arms control, nonproliferation, or disarmament agreement that has been concluded by the United States, the determination of the Secretary of State as to the degree to which the components of such agreement can be verified;

(2) in the case of any arms control, nonproliferation, or disarmament agreement that has entered into force, any significant degradation or alteration in the capacity of the United States to verify compliance of the components of such agreement;

(3) the amount and percentage of research funds expended by the Department of State for the purpose of analyzing issues relating to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament verification; and

(4) the number of professional personnel assigned to arms control verification on a full-time basis by each Government agency.

(b) Assessments upon request

Upon the request of the chairman or ranking minority member of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate or the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives, in case of an arms control, nonproliferation, or disarmament proposal presented to a foreign country by the United States or presented to the United States by a foreign country, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the Committee on the degree to which elements of the proposal are capable of being verified.

(c) Standard for verification of compliance

In making determinations under paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a), the Secretary of State shall assume that all measures of concealment not expressly prohibited could be employed and that standard practices could be altered so as to impede verification.

(d) Rule of construction

Except as otherwise provided for by law, nothing in this section may be construed as requiring the disclosure of sensitive information relating to intelligence sources or methods or persons employed in the verification of compliance with arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements.

(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §306, formerly §37, as added Pub. L. 95–108, §4, Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 871; amended Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §712, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 495; renumbered §306 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(11), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–770, 2681-772; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XI, §1115], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-489.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–113, §1000(a)(7) [title XI, §1115(a)], struck out "adequately" before "verified" in introductory provisions.

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 106–113, §1000(a)(7) [title XI, §1115(b)], added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsecs. (b) and (c) as (c) and (d), respectively. Language in section 1000(a)(7) [title XI, §1115(b)] directing redesignation of subsec. (d) as (e) could not be executed. See 1998 Amendment note below.

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(11)(A), substituted "Secretary of State" for "Director" in introductory provisions and par. (1) and substituted "Department of State" for "Agency" in par. (3).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(11)(A), substituted "Secretary of State" for "Director".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(11)(B), struck out heading and text of subsec. (d). Text read as follows: "In order to ensure adherence of the United States to obligations or commitments undertaken in arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements, and in order for the Director to make the assessment required by section 2593a(a)(5) of this title, the Director, or the Director's designee, shall participate in all interagency groups or organizations within the executive branch of Government that assess, analyze, or review United States planned or ongoing policies, programs, or actions that have a direct bearing on United States adherence to obligations undertaken in arms control, nonproliferation, or disarmament agreements."

1994—Pub. L. 103–236 substituted "Verification of compliance" for "Verification of Arms Control Agreements" as section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text consisted of subsecs. (a) to (c) requiring the Director to report to Congress relating to verification of arms control proposals and agreements.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.

§2577a. Arms control verification

(a) Establishment of working group

The President should establish a working group—

(1) to examine verification approaches to a strategic arms reduction agreement and other arms control agreements; and

(2) to assess the relevance for such agreements of the verification provisions of the Treaty Between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (signed at Washington, December 8, 1987).

(b) Information and data base

(1) The Agency shall allocate sufficient resources to develop and maintain a comprehensive information and data base on verification concepts, research, technologies, and systems. The Agency shall collect, maintain, analyze, and disseminate information pertaining to arms control verification and monitoring, including information regarding—

(A) all current United States bilateral and multilateral arms treaties; and

(B) proposed, prospective, and potential bilateral or multilateral arms treaties in the areas of nuclear, conventional, chemical, and space weapons.

(2) The Agency shall seek to improve United States verification and monitoring activities through the monitoring and support of relevant research and analysis.

(3) The Agency shall provide detailed information on the activities pursuant to this section in its annual report to the Congress.

(Pub. L. 101–216, title I, §105, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1854.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Arms Control and Disarmament Amendments Act of 1989, and not as part of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

"Agency", referred to in subsec. (b), meaning the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6511 and 6512 of this title.

§2578. Negotiating records

(a) Preparation of records

The Secretary of State shall establish and maintain records for each arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreement to which the United States is a party and which was under negotiation or in force on or after January 1, 1990, which shall include classified and unclassified materials such as instructions and guidance, position papers, reporting cables and memoranda of conversation, working papers, draft texts of the agreement, diplomatic notes, notes verbal, and other internal and external correspondence.

(b) Negotiating and implementation records

In particular, the Secretary of State shall establish and maintain a negotiating and implementation record for each such agreement, which shall be comprehensive and detailed, and shall document all communications between the parties with respect to such agreement. Such records shall be maintained both in hard copy and magnetic media.

(Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §307, formerly §38, as added Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §713(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 496; renumbered §307 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(12), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–770, 2681-772.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2578, Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §38, as added Pub. L. 100–213, §3(b), Dec. 24, 1987, 101 Stat. 1445; amended Pub. L. 103–199, title IV, §401(a), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2324, related to reports on activities of Standing Consultative Commission, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §704(2), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 492.

Amendments

1998—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(12)(A), substituted "Secretary of State" for "Director".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(12)(B), struck out heading and text of subsec. (c). Text read as follows: "In order to implement effectively this section, the Director shall ensure that Agency personnel participate throughout the negotiation and implementation phases of all arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.

§2579. Omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 87–297, title III, §308, formerly §39, as added Pub. L. 100–213, §4, Dec. 24, 1987, 101 Stat. 1445; amended Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §719(f), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 502; renumbered §308 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–772, which required the Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (whose functions were transferred to the Secretary of State under section 6512 of this title) to provide an annual report to Congress on studies relating to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament issues, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 155 of House Document No. 103–7.