Part D—Specified Model Programs

§12801. General authority

Among the alternative model programs that the Secretary shall make available for use by participating jurisdictions under the provisions of section 12743 of this title shall be model programs specified in this part. The Secretary shall keep these specified model programs under review and submit to Congress such recommendations for change as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §251, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4119.)

§12802. Rental housing production

(a) Repayable advances

(1) In general

The Secretary shall make available a model program under which repayable advances may be made to public and private project sponsors in constructing, acquiring, or substantially rehabilitating projects to be used as affordable rental housing, including limited equity cooperatives and mutual housing.

(2) Maximum amount of advance

An advance under this model program shall not exceed 50 percent of the total costs associated with the construction, acquisition, or substantial rehabilitation of the project, as determined by the participating jurisdiction.

(3) Terms of repayment

(A) Interest payments

(i) In general

Under the model program, advances shall be repaid with interest calculated at a rate of not more than 3 percent per year, as determined by the participating jurisdiction to be appropriate. Interest shall begin to accrue 1 year after the completion of the construction, acquisition, or substantial rehabilitation of the project and shall be payable in annual installments.

(ii) Exception

Interest and any accrued interest shall be payable only from the surplus cash flow of the project, after a minimum return on equity determined by the participating jurisdiction to be appropriate. As used in the previous sentence, the term "surplus cash flow" means the cash flow of the project after the payment of all amounts due under the first mortgage, operating expenses, and required replacement reserves, as determined by the participating jurisdiction.

(B) Additional interest payments

Under the model program, for any year in which the sum of the surplus cash flow of a project and the return on equity exceeds all interest payments due under subparagraph (A), 50 percent of the excess surplus cash flow shall be paid to the participating jurisdiction's HOME Investment Trust Fund as additional interest.

(C) Principal and unpaid interest

The principal amount of an advance under the model program, and any interest remaining unpaid pursuant to subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be repayable when the housing no longer qualifies as affordable housing in accordance with section 12749(b) of this title.

(b) Selection guidelines

(1) In general

The Secretary shall establish guidelines for the selection of projects by participating jurisdictions for assistance under the model program. Such guidelines shall be designed to select projects in areas and for markets demonstrating the greatest need for the production of affordable rental housing.

(2) Specific requirements

The selection guidelines may include—

(A) the extent of the shortage of rental housing in the area that is available to low-income families;

(B) the extent large families with children will be served by the project;

(C) the extent to which the project provides congregate facilities and has available supportive services that will permit elderly or handicapped residents who become frail and are in need of assistance in living to continue to reside in the project;

(D) the extent of very low-income and low-income occupancy in excess of the income targeting requirements in section 12744 of this title;

(E) the extent of the project sponsor's commitment of equity to the project (except that this criterion shall not apply to or affect the selection of applications submitted by public housing agencies and nonprofit entities);

(F) the extent of the project sponsor's commitment of equity to the project in comparison to the value of all public assistance for the project, including assistance under this subchapter, other Federal assistance and financing, and State and local government contributions (except that this criterion shall not apply to or affect the selection of applications submitted by public housing agencies and nonprofit entities);

(G) the extent of non-Federal public or private assistance to the project;

(H) the extent to which the project provides supportive services for persons with disabilities; and

(I) any other factor determined by the Secretary to be appropriate.

(c) Guidelines

The Secretary shall publish guidelines for the model program under this section not later than 180 days after November 28, 1990.

(Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §252, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4119.)

§12803. Rental rehabilitation

(a) In general

The Secretary shall make available a model program to support the rehabilitation of privately owned rental housing located in neighborhoods where the median income does not exceed 80 percent of the area median as determined by the Secretary and where rents can reasonably be expected not to change materially over an extended period of time.

(b) Amount of subsidy

The amount of the rehabilitation subsidy shall be moderate and shall generally not exceed 50 percent of the total costs associated with the rehabilitation of the housing.

(c) Additional restrictions

The guidelines of the model program shall generally comport with the additional protections and restrictions specified under section 1437o(c) ¹ of this title.

(Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §253, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4121.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1437o of this title, referred to in subsec. (c), was repealed by Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §289(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4128.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§12804. Rehabilitation loans

(a) In general

The Secretary shall make available a model program to provide direct loans to finance the rehabilitation of low and moderate income single family and multifamily residential properties.

(b) Condition of loans

The Secretary shall establish terms and conditions to ensure that such loans are acceptable risks, taking into consideration the need for rehabilitation, the security for the loan and the ability of the borrower to repay the loan. The Secretary may establish the interest rate for loans under the model program, which shall include special interest rates for loans to borrowers with incomes below 80 percent of the area median income.

(c) Additional restrictions

Guidelines for the model program may require that the property—

(1) be located in an area that contains a substantial number of dwellings in need of rehabilitation;

(2) the property ¹ is residential and owner-occupied; and

(3) the property ¹ is in need of rehabilitation or concentrated code enforcement within a reasonable time, and the rehabilitation of such property is consistent with a local plan for rehabilitation or code enforcement.

Additional guidelines for the model program shall generally comport with the additional protections and restrictions specified under section 1452b ² of this title.

(Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §254, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4121.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1452b of this title, referred to in subsec. (c), was repealed by Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §289(b)(1), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4128, which is classified to section 12839(b)(1) of this title.

¹ So in original. The words "the property" probably should not appear.

² See References in Text note below.

§12805. Sweat equity model program

(a) In general

The Secretary shall make available a model program to provide grants to public and private nonprofit organizations and community housing development organizations to provide technical and supervisory assistance to low-income and very low-income families, including the homeless, in acquiring, rehabilitating, and constructing housing by the self-help housing method.

(b) Rehabilitation of properties

The program shall target for rehabilitation properties which have been acquired by the Federal, State, or local governments.

(c) Homeownership opportunities through sweat equity

(1) The program shall utilize the skilled or unskilled labor of eligible families in exchange for acquisition of the property.

(2) Training shall be provided to eligible families in building and home maintenance skills.

(d) Rental opportunities through sweat equity

(1) The program shall include rental opportunities for eligible families which will help expand the stock of affordable housing which is most appropriate for the target group.

(2) The use of the tenant's skilled or unskilled labor shall be encouraged in lieu of or as a supplement to rent payments by the tenant.

(e) "Self-help housing" defined

The term "self-help housing" means the same as in section 1490c of this title.

(f) Additional restrictions

The guidelines for the model program shall generally comport with the additional protections and restrictions specified under section 1490c of this title.

(Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §255, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4121.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Assistance for Self-Help Housing Providers

Pub. L. 104–120, §11, Mar. 28, 1996, 110 Stat. 841, as amended by Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §599E(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2663; Pub. L. 106–569, title II, §202, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2951; Pub. L. 108–285, §2, Aug. 2, 2004, 118 Stat. 917; Pub. L. 114–201, title V, §502, July 29, 2016, 130 Stat. 811, provided that:

"(a) Grant Authority.—The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may, to the extent amounts are available to carry out this section and the requirements of this section are met, make grants for use in accordance with this section to national and regional organizations and consortia that have experience in providing or facilitating self-help housing homeownership opportunities.

"(b) Goals and Accountability.—In making grants under this section, the Secretary shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that—

"(1) assistance provided under this section is used to facilitate and encourage innovative homeownership opportunities through the provision of self-help housing, under which the homeowner contributes a significant amount of sweat equity toward the construction of the new dwellings;

"(2) assistance provided under this section for land acquisition and infrastructure development results in the development of not less than 4,000 new dwellings;

"(3) the dwellings constructed in connection with assistance provided under this section are quality dwellings that comply with local building and safety codes and standards and are available at prices below the prevailing market prices;

"(4) the provision of assistance under this section establishes and fosters a partnership between the Federal Government and organizations and consortia, resulting in efficient development of affordable housing with minimal governmental intervention, limited governmental regulation, and significant involvement by private entities;

"(5) activities to develop housing assisted pursuant to this section involve community participation in which volunteers assist in the construction of dwellings; and

"(6) dwellings are developed in connection with assistance under this section on a geographically diverse basis, which includes areas having high housing costs, rural areas, and areas underserved by other homeownership opportunities that are populated by low-income families unable to otherwise afford housing.

If, at any time, the Secretary determines that the goals under this subsection cannot be met by providing assistance in accordance with the terms of this section, the Secretary shall immediately notify the applicable Committees in writing of such determination and any proposed changes for such goals or this section.

"(c) National Competition.—The Secretary shall select organizations and consortia referred to in subsection (a) to receive grants through a national competitive process, which the Secretary shall establish.

"(d) Use.—

"(1) Purpose.—Amounts from grants made under this section, including any recaptured amounts, shall be used only for eligible expenses in connection with developing new decent, safe, and sanitary nonluxury dwellings in the United States for families and persons who otherwise would be unable to afford to purchase a dwelling.

"(2) Eligible expenses.—For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'eligible expenses' means costs only for the following activities:

"(A) Land acquisition.—Acquiring land (including financing and closing costs), which may include reimbursing an organization, consortium, or affiliate, upon approval of any required environmental review, for nongrant amounts of the organization, consortium, or affiliate advanced before such review to acquire land.

"(B) Infrastructure improvement.—Installing, extending, constructing, rehabilitating, or otherwise improving utilities and other infrastructure.

Such term does not include any costs for the rehabilitation, improvement, or construction of dwellings.

"(e) Establishment of Grant Fund.—

"(1) In general.—Any amounts from any grant made under this section shall be deposited by the grantee organization or consortium in a fund that is established by such organization or consortium for such amounts, administered by such organization or consortium, and available for use only for the purposes under subsection (d). Any interest, fees, or other earnings of the fund shall be deposited in the fund and shall be considered grant amounts for purposes of this section.

"(2) Assistance to affiliates.—Any organization or consortia that receives a grant under this section may use amounts in the fund established for such organization or consortia pursuant to paragraph (1) for the purposes under subsection (d) by providing assistance from the fund to local affiliates of such organization or consortia.

"(f) Requirements for Assistance.—The Secretary may make a grant to an organization or consortium under subsection (a) only pursuant to—

"(1) an expression of interest by such organization or consortia to the Secretary for a grant for such purposes;

"(2) a determination by the Secretary that the organization or consortia has the capability and has obtained financial commitments (or has the capacity to obtain financial commitments) necessary to—

"(A) develop not less than 30 dwellings in connection with the grant amounts; and

"(B) otherwise comply with a grant agreement under subsection (i); and

"(3) a grant agreement entered into under subsection (i).

"(g) Energy Efficiency Requirements.—The Secretary may not require any dwelling developed using amounts from a grant made under this section to meet any energy efficiency standards other than the standards applicable at such time pursuant to section 109 of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 12709) to housing specified in subsection (a) of such section.

"(h) Geographical Diversity.—In making grants under subsection (a), the Secretary shall ensure that grants are provided and grant amounts are used in a manner that results in national geographic diversity among housing developed using grant amounts under this section.

"(i) Grant Agreement.—A grant under this section shall be made only pursuant to a grant agreement entered into by the Secretary and the organization or consortia receiving the grant, which shall—

"(1) require such organization or consortia to use grant amounts only as provided in this section;

"(2) provide for the organization or consortia to develop a specific and reasonable number of dwellings using the grant amounts, which number shall be established taking into consideration costs and economic conditions in the areas in which the dwellings will be developed, but in no case shall be less than 30;

"(3) require the organization or consortia to use the grant amounts in a manner that leverages other sources of funding (other than grants under this section), including private or public funds, in developing the dwellings;

"(4) require the organization or consortia to comply with the other provisions of this section;

"(5) provide that the Secretary shall recapture any grant amounts provided to the organization or consortia that are not used within 24 months after such amounts are first disbursed to the organization or consortia, except that such period shall be 36 months in the case of grant amounts from amounts made available for fiscal year 1996 to carry out this section, and in the case of a [sic] grant amounts provided to a local affiliate of the organization or consortia that is developing five or more dwellings in connection with such grant amounts; and

"(6) contain such other terms as the Secretary may require to provide for compliance with subsection (b) and the requirements of this section.

"(j) Fulfillment of Grant Agreement.—If the Secretary determines that an organization or consortia awarded a grant under this section has not, within 24 months after grant amounts are first made available to the organization or consortia (or, in the case of grant amounts from amounts made available for fiscal year 1996 to carry out this section and grant amounts provided to a local affiliate of the organization or consortia that is developing five or more dwellings in connection with such grant amounts, within 36 months), substantially fulfilled the obligations under the grant agreement, including development of the appropriate number of dwellings under the agreement, the Secretary shall use any such undisbursed amounts remaining from such grant for other grants in accordance with this section.

"(k) Records and Audits.—During the period beginning upon the making of a grant under this section and ending upon close-out of the grant under subsection (l)—

"(1) the organization awarded the grant shall keep such records and adopt such administrative practices as the Secretary may require to ensure compliance with the provisions of this section and the grant agreement; and

"(2) the Secretary and the Comptroller General of the United States, and any of their duly authorized representatives, shall have access for the purpose of audit and examination to any books, documents, papers, and records of the grantee organization or consortia and its affiliates that are pertinent to the grant made under this section.

"(l) Close-Out.—The Secretary shall close out a grant made under this section upon determining that the aggregate amount of any assistance provided from the fund established under subsection (e)(1) by the grantee organization or consortium exceeds the amount of the grant. For purposes of this paragraph, any interest, fees, and other earnings of the fund shall be excluded from the amount of the grant.

"(m) Environmental Review.—A grant under this section shall be considered to be funds for a special project for purposes of section 305(c) of the Multifamily Housing Property Disposition Reform Act of 1994 [42 U.S.C. 3547].

"(n) Report to Congress.—Not later than 90 days after close-out of all grants under this section is completed, the Secretary shall submit a report to the applicable Committees describing the grants made under this section, the grantees, the housing developed in connection with the grant amounts, and the purposes for which the grant amounts were used.

"(o) Definitions.—For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:

"(1) Applicable committees.—The term 'applicable Committees' means the Committee on Banking and Financial Services [now Committee on Financial Services] of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.

"(2) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

"(3) United states.—The term 'United States' includes the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and any other territory or possession of the United States.

"(p) Authorization of Appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2001.

"(q) Regulations.—The Secretary shall issue any final regulations necessary to carry out this section not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 28, 1996]. The regulations shall take effect upon issuance and may not exceed, in length, 5 full pages in the Federal Register."

[Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §599E(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2664, provided that: "Notwithstanding the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending section 11 of Pub. L. 104–120, set out above], any grant under section 11 of the Housing Opportunity Program Extension Act of 1996 [Pub. L. 104–120] (42 U.S.C. 12805 note) from amounts appropriated in fiscal year 1998 or any prior fiscal year shall be governed by the provisions of such section 11 as in effect immediately before the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998], except that the amendments made by paragraphs (8) and (9) of subsection (a) of this section shall apply to such grants."]

[Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §599E(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2664, provided that: "This section [amending section 11 of Pub. L. 104–120, set out above, and enacting provisions set out as a note above] shall take effect, and the amendments made by this section are made on, and shall apply beginning upon, the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998]."]

Funding for Self-Help Housing Assistance, National Cities in Schools Community Development Program, and Capacity Building Through National Community Development Initiative

Pub. L. 104–120, §12, Mar. 28, 1996, 110 Stat. 845, provided that:

"(a) Authority to Use Assisted Housing Amounts.—To the extent and for the purposes specified in subsection (b), the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may use amounts in the account of the Department of Housing and Urban Development known as the Annual Contributions for Assisted Housing account, but only such amounts which—

"(1) have been appropriated for a fiscal year that occurs before the fiscal year for which the Secretary uses the amounts; and

"(2) have been obligated before becoming available for use under this section.

"(b) Fiscal Year 1996.—Of the amounts described in subsection (a), $60,000,000 shall be available to the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for fiscal year 1996 in the following amounts for the following purposes:

"(1) Self-help housing assistance.—$40,000,000 for carrying out section 11 of this Act [set out above].

"(2) National cities in schools community development program.—$10,000,000 for carrying out section 930 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–550; 106 Stat. 3887).

"(3) Capacity building through national community development initiative.—$10,000,000 for carrying out section 4 of the HUD Demonstration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 9816 note)."

§12806. Home repair services grants for older and disabled homeowners

(a) In general

The Secretary shall make available a model program to provide home repair services for older homeowners and disabled homeowners, including such services as the examination of homes, repair services, and follow-up to ensure the continued effectiveness of the repairs provided.

(b) Eligible recipients

Home repair services shall be provided to homeowners who—

(1) own and reside in the dwellings for which services are provided;

(2) are older or disabled; and

(3) are members of low-income families.

(c) Permitted restrictions

Guidelines for the model program shall require that—

(1) assisted dwelling units be the primary residence of the homeowner for whom services are provided;

(2) preferences be provided for (A) very low-income families, and (B) individuals with intense need characterized by noneconomic factors such as physical and mental disabilities, language barriers, and cultural, social, or geographical isolation caused by racial or ethnic status that restricts the ability of an individual to perform normal daily tasks or that threatens the capacity of the individual to live independently;

(3) any fees charged be based on the income of the individual receiving the home repair services.

(Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §256, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4122.)

§12807. Low-income housing conservation and efficiency grant programs

(a) In general

The Secretary shall make available a model program to provide safe, energy-efficient affordable housing for low-income persons.

(b) Activities

The model program shall provide for—

(1) identification of housing that is—

(A) owned and occupied by low-income families who have received, are currently receiving, or are scheduled to receive assistance under the weatherization assistance for low-income persons program under part A of title IV of the Energy Conservation and Production Act [42 U.S.C. 6861 et seq.] (or a comparable Federal or State program);

(B) in danger of becoming uninhabitable within a 5-year period because of structural weaknesses or problems; and

(C) not sufficiently sound to permit energy conservation improvements without other repair or rehabilitation measures to protect such energy investments;

(2) repairs that will significantly prolong the habitability of units identified under paragraph (1), including roofing, electrical, plumbing, furnace, and foundation repairs or replacement that will prolong the use of the unit as a safe and energy-efficient residence for low-income persons; and

(3) reasonable steps to ensure that any units so repaired will remain occupied by persons or families eligible for assistance under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §257, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4122.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Energy Conservation and Production Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A), is Pub. L. 94–385, Aug. 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 1142. Part A of title IV of the Act is classified generally to part A (§6861 et seq.) of subchapter III of chapter 81 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6801 of this title and Tables.

§12808. Second mortgage assistance for first-time homebuyers

(a) In general

The Secretary shall make available a model program under which units of general local government provide loans (secured by second mortgages) with deferred payment of interest and principal to first-time homebuyers.

(b) Homeownership counseling

The program under this section shall provide for homeownership counseling to first-time homebuyers assisted, which shall include—

(1) counseling before and after purchase of the property;

(2) assisting first-time homebuyers in identifying the most suitable and affordable properties;

(3) providing homebuyers with financial management assistance;

(4) assisting homebuyers in understanding mortgage transactions and home sales contracts; and

(5) assisting homebuyers with eliminating any credit problems that may prevent the homebuyers from purchasing the property.

(c) Eligibility requirements

Deferred payment loans secured by second mortgages may be provided under the model program under this section if—

(1) the homebuyer assisted is a first-time homebuyer;

(2) the property secured by the second mortgage is a single-family residence and is the principal residence of the homebuyer; and

(3) the principal obligation of the deferred payment loan secured by a second mortgage does not exceed 30 percent of the acquisition price of the residence to the homebuyer.

(d) Payment terms

(1) Period of deferral

The payment of any principal and interest on a loan under this section shall be deferred for not less than the 5-year period beginning on the date of the acquisition of the residence by the homebuyer.

(2) Interest rate

The interest rate on the unpaid balance of a loan under this section shall be at least 4 percent.

(3) Repayment period

A deferred payment loan secured by a second mortgage shall be repayable over the 15-year period beginning at the end of the deferral period.

(e) Security

A deferred payment loan assisted with amount ¹ provided under a grant under this section shall be secured by a lien on the property involved, which lien shall be subordinate to the first mortgage on the property.

(Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §258, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4123.)

¹ So in original. Probably should be "amounts".

§12809. Rehabilitation of State and local government in rem properties

(a) In general

The Secretary shall make available a model program under which States and units of general local government may convert in rem properties to provide affordable permanent housing for the homeless by leasing such properties to nonprofit organizations and permitting such organizations to rehabilitate the properties.

(b) Target

The program shall target vacant properties for rehabilitation by nonprofit organizations.

(Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §259, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4124.)

§12810. Cost-saving building technologies and construction techniques

(a) In general

The Secretary shall make available a model program to utilize cost-saving building technologies and construction techniques for purposes of providing homeownership and rental opportunities under this subchapter.

(b) Selection criteria

The Secretary shall establish criteria for participating jurisdictions to select projects for assistance under the model program which may include—

(1) the extent to which innovative, cost-saving building and construction technologies are utilized;

(2) the extent to which innovative, cost-saving construction techniques are utilized;

(3) the extent to which units will be made available to low-income families and individuals;

(4) the extent to which non-Federal public or private assistance is utilized; and

(5) any other factor, determined by the Secretary to be appropriate.

(c) Guidelines

The Secretary shall publish guidelines for the model program under this section not later than 180 days after October 28, 1992.

(d) Report

The Secretary shall submit a biennial report to the Congress on the utilization of the model program under this section.

(Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §260, as added Pub. L. 102–550, title II, §216, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3760.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable to unexpended funds allocated under subchapter II of this chapter in fiscal year 1992, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 223 of Pub. L. 102–550, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 12704 of this title.