Part B—Distributed Energy and Electric Energy Systems
§16211. Distributed energy and electric energy systems
(a) In general
The Secretary shall carry out programs of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application on distributed energy resources and systems reliability and efficiency, to improve the reliability and efficiency of distributed energy resources and systems, integrating advanced energy technologies with grid connectivity, including activities described in this part. The programs shall address advanced energy technologies and systems and advanced grid reliability technologies.
(b) Authorization of appropriations
(1) Distributed energy and electric energy systems activities
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out distributed energy and electric energy systems activities, including activities authorized under this part—
(A) $240,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
(B) $255,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
(C) $273,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
(2) Power delivery research initiative
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the Power Delivery Research Initiative under subsection 1 16215(e) of this title such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2009.
(c) Micro-cogeneration energy technology
From amounts authorized under subsection (b), $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 and 2008 shall be available to carry out activities under
(d) High-voltage transmission lines
From amounts authorized under subsection (b), $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 shall be available to carry out activities under
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1 So in original. Probably should be "section".
§16212. High power density industry program
(a) In general
The Secretary shall establish a comprehensive research, development, demonstration, and commercial application to improve the energy efficiency of high power density facilities, including data centers, server farms, and telecommunications facilities.
(b) Technologies
The program shall consider technologies that provide significant improvement in thermal controls, metering, load management, peak load reduction, or the efficient cooling of electronics.
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§16213. Micro-cogeneration energy technology
(a) In general
The Secretary shall make competitive, merit-based grants to consortia for the development of micro-cogeneration energy technology.
(b) Uses
The consortia shall explore—
(1) the use of small-scale combined heat and power in residential heating appliances;
(2) the use of excess power to operate other appliances within the residence; and
(3) the supply of excess generated power to the power grid.
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§16214. Distributed energy technology demonstration programs
(a) Coordinating consortia program
The Secretary may provide financial assistance to coordinating consortia of interdisciplinary participants for demonstrations designed to accelerate the use of distributed energy technologies (such as fuel cells, microturbines, reciprocating engines, thermally activated technologies, and combined heat and power systems) in high-energy intensive commercial applications.
(b) Small-scale portable power program
(1) In general
The Secretary shall—
(A) establish a research, development, and demonstration program to develop working models of small scale portable power devices; and
(B) to the fullest extent practicable, identify and utilize the resources of universities that have shown expertise with respect to advanced portable power devices for either civilian or military use.
(2) Organization
The universities identified and utilized under paragraph (1)(B) are authorized to establish an organization to promote small scale portable power devices.
(3) Definition
For purposes of this subsection, the term "small scale portable power device" means a field-deployable portable mechanical or electromechanical device that can be used for applications such as communications, computation, mobility enhancement, weapons systems, optical devices, cooling, sensors, medical devices, and active biological agent detection systems.
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§16215. Electric transmission and distribution programs
(a) Program
The Secretary shall establish a comprehensive research, development, and demonstration program to ensure the reliability, efficiency, and environmental integrity of electrical transmission and distribution systems, which shall include—
(1) advanced energy delivery technologies, energy storage technologies, materials, and systems, giving priority to new transmission technologies, including composite conductor materials and other technologies that enhance reliability, operational flexibility, or power-carrying capability;
(2) advanced grid reliability and efficiency technology development;
(3) technologies contributing to significant load reductions;
(4) advanced metering, load management, and control technologies;
(5) technologies to enhance existing grid components;
(6) the development and use of high-temperature superconductors to—
(A) enhance the reliability, operational flexibility, or power-carrying capability of electric transmission or distribution systems; or
(B) increase the efficiency of electric energy generation, transmission, distribution, or storage systems;
(7) integration of power systems, including systems to deliver high-quality electric power, electric power reliability, and combined heat and power;
(8) supply of electricity to the power grid by small scale, distributed and residential-based power generators;
(9) the development and use of advanced grid design, operation, and planning tools;
(10) the development of cost-effective technologies that enable two-way information and power flow between distributed energy resources and the electric grid;
(11) the development of technologies and concepts that enable interoperability between distributed energy resources and other behind-the-meter devices and the electric grid;
(12) any other infrastructure technologies, as appropriate; and
(13) technology transfer and education.
(b) Program plan
(1) In general
Not later than 1 year after August 8, 2005, the Secretary, in consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies, shall prepare and submit to Congress a 5-year program plan to guide activities under this section.
(2) Consultation
In preparing the program plan, the Secretary shall consult with—
(A) utilities;
(B) energy service providers;
(C) manufacturers;
(D) institutions of higher education;
(E) other appropriate State and local agencies;
(F) environmental organizations;
(G) professional and technical societies; and
(H) any other persons the Secretary considers appropriate.
(c) Implementation
The Secretary shall consider implementing the program under this section using a consortium of participants from industry, institutions of higher education, and National Laboratories.
(d) Report
Not later than 2 years after the submission of the plan under subsection (b), the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report—
(1) describing the progress made under this section; and
(2) identifying any additional resources needed to continue the development and commercial application of transmission and distribution of infrastructure technologies.
(e) Power delivery research initiative
(1) In general
The Secretary shall establish a research, development, and demonstration initiative specifically focused on power delivery using components incorporating high temperature superconductivity.
(2) Goals
The goals of the Initiative shall be—
(A) to establish world-class facilities to develop high temperature superconductivity power applications in partnership with manufacturers and utilities;
(B) to provide technical leadership for establishing reliability for high temperature superconductivity power applications, including suitable modeling and analysis;
(C) to facilitate the commercial transition toward direct current power transmission, storage, and use for high power systems using high temperature superconductivity; and
(D) to facilitate the integration of very low impedance high temperature superconducting wires and cables in existing electric networks to improve system performance, power flow control, and reliability.
(3) Inclusions
The Initiative shall include—
(A) feasibility analysis, planning, research, and design to construct demonstrations of superconducting links in high power, direct current, and controllable alternating current transmission systems;
(B) public-private partnerships to demonstrate deployment of high temperature superconducting cable into testbeds simulating a realistic transmission grid and under varying transmission conditions, including actual grid insertions; and
(C) testbeds developed in cooperation with National Laboratories, industries, and institutions of higher education to—
(i) demonstrate those technologies;
(ii) prepare the technologies for commercial introduction; and
(iii) address cost or performance roadblocks to successful commercial use.
(f) Transmission and distribution grid planning and operations initiative
(1) In general
The Secretary shall establish a research, development, and demonstration initiative specifically focused on tools needed to plan, operate, and expand the transmission and distribution grids in the presence of competitive market mechanisms for energy, load demand, customer response, and ancillary services.
(2) Goals
The goals of the Initiative shall be—
(A)(i) to develop and use a geographically distributed center, consisting of institutions of higher education, and National Laboratories, with expertise and facilities to develop the underlying theory and software for power system application; and
(ii) to ensure commercial development in partnership with software vendors and utilities;
(B) to provide technical leadership in engineering and economic analysis for the reliability and efficiency of power systems planning and operations in the presence of competitive markets for electricity;
(C) to model, simulate, and experiment with new market mechanisms and operating practices to understand and optimize those new methods before actual use; and
(D) to provide technical support and technology transfer to electric utilities and other participants in the domestic electric industry and marketplace.
(g) High-voltage transmission lines
As part of the program described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall award a grant to a university research program to design and test, in consultation with the Tennessee Valley Authority, state-of-the-art optimization techniques for power flow through existing high voltage transmission lines.
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Editorial Notes
Amendments
2020—Subsec. (a)(10) to (13).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Coordination of Efforts
"(1) electric utilities;
"(2) private sector entities;
"(3) representatives of all sectors of the electric power industry;
"(4) transmission organizations;
"(5) transmission owners and operators;
"(6) distribution organizations;
"(7) distribution asset owners and operators;
"(8) State, Tribal, local, and territorial governments and regulatory authorities;
"(9) academic institutions;
"(10) the National Laboratories;
"(11) other Federal agencies;
"(12) nonprofit organizations;
"(13) the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission;
"(14) the North American Reliability Corporation;
"(15) independent system operators; and
"(16) programs and program offices at the Department."