Part A—Financial Safety and Soundness Regulator
§4511. Establishment of the Federal Housing Finance Agency
(a) Establishment
There is established the Federal Housing Finance Agency, which shall be an independent agency of the Federal Government.
(b) General supervisory and regulatory authority
(1) In general
Each regulated entity shall, to the extent provided in this chapter, be subject to the supervision and regulation of the Agency.
(2) Authority over Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, the Federal Home Loan Banks, and the Office of Finance
The Director shall have general regulatory authority over each regulated entity and the Office of Finance, and shall exercise such general regulatory authority, including such duties and authorities set forth under
(c) Savings provision
The authority of the Director to take actions under subchapters II and III shall not in any way limit the general supervisory and regulatory authority granted to the Director under subsection (b).
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), was in the original "this title", meaning title XIII of
This Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is
Prior Provisions
A prior section 4511,
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Transfer and Rights of Certain HUD Employees
"(a)
"(b)
"(1)
"(2)
"(c)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) a position excepted from the competitive service because of its confidential, policymaking, policy-determining, or policy-advocating character; or
"(B) a noncareer position in the Senior Executive Service (within the meaning of
"(d)
"(e)
"(1)
"(A) the employee does not elect to give up the benefit or membership in the program; and
"(B) the benefit or program is continued by the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency.
"(2)
"(A)
"(B)
[For definitions of terms used in section 1133 of
Transfer of Functions, Personnel, and Property of OFHEO and the Federal Housing Finance Board
"Subtitle A—OFHEO
"SEC. 1301. ABOLISHMENT OF OFHEO.
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) shall manage the employees of such Office and provide for the payment of the compensation and benefits of any such employee which accrue before the effective date of the transfer of such employee under section 1303; and
"(2) may take any other action necessary for the purpose of winding up the affairs of the Office.
"(c)
"(d)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) continue to provide such services, on a reimbursable basis, until the transfer of such functions is complete; and
"(B) consult with any such agency to coordinate and facilitate a prompt and reasonable transition.
"(e)
"(f)
"(1)
"(A) arises under—
"(i) the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 [
"(ii) the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act [
"(iii) the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act [
"(iv) any other provision of law applicable with respect to such Office; and
"(B) existed on the day before the date of abolishment under subsection (a).
"(2)
"SEC. 1302. CONTINUATION AND COORDINATION OF CERTAIN ACTIONS.
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) was issued, made, prescribed, or allowed to become effective by—
"(A) the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight;
"(B) the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and relates to the authority of the Secretary under—
"(i) the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 [
"(ii) the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act [
"(iii) the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Act [
"(C) a court of competent jurisdiction, and relates to functions transferred by this Act [see Tables for classification]; and
"(2) is in effect on the effective date of the abolishment under section 1301(a).
"SEC. 1303. TRANSFER AND RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES OF OFHEO.
"(a)
"(b)
"(1)
"(2)
"(c)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) a position excepted from the competitive service because of its confidential, policymaking, policy-determining, or policy-advocating character; or
"(B) a noncareer position in the Senior Executive Service (within the meaning of
"(d)
"(e)
"(1)
"(A) the employee does not elect to give up the benefit or membership in the program; and
"(B) the benefit or program is continued by the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency.
"(2)
"(A)
"(B)
"SEC. 1304. TRANSFER OF PROPERTY AND FACILITIES.
"Upon the effective date of its abolishment under section 1301(a), all property of the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight shall transfer to the Agency.
"Subtitle B—Federal Housing Finance Board
"SEC. 1311. ABOLISHMENT OF THE FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD.
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) shall manage the employees of the Board and provide for the payment of the compensation and benefits of any such employee which accrue before the effective date of the transfer of such employee under section 1313; and
"(2) may take any other action necessary for the purpose of winding up the affairs of the Board.
"(c)
"(d)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) continue to provide such services, on a reimbursable basis, until the transfer of such functions is complete; and
"(B) consult with any such agency to coordinate and facilitate a prompt and reasonable transition.
"(e)
"(f)
"(1)
"(A) arises under the Federal Home Loan Bank Act [
"(B) existed on the day before the effective date of the abolishment under subsection (a).
"(2)
"SEC. 1312. CONTINUATION AND COORDINATION OF CERTAIN ACTIONS.
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) was issued, made, prescribed, or allowed to become effective by—
"(A) the Board; or
"(B) a court of competent jurisdiction, and relates to functions transferred by this Act [see Tables for classification]; and
"(2) is in effect on the effective date of the abolishment under section 1311(a).
"SEC. 1313. TRANSFER AND RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES OF THE FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD.
"(a)
"(b)
"(1)
"(2)
"(c)
"(1)
"(2)
"(d)
"(e)
"(1)
"(A) the employee does not elect to give up the benefit or membership in the program; and
"(B) the benefit or program is continued by the Director.
"(2)
"(A)
"(B)
"SEC. 1314. TRANSFER OF PROPERTY AND FACILITIES.
"Upon the effective date of the abolishment under section 1311(a), all property of the Board shall transfer to the Agency."
[For definitions of terms used in title III of
Definitions
"(1) the term 'Agency' means the Federal Housing Finance Agency;
"(2) the term 'Director' means the Director of the Agency; and
"(3) the terms 'enterprise', 'regulated entity', and 'authorizing statutes' have the same meanings as in section 1303 of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 [
§4512. Director
(a) Establishment of position
There is established the position of the Director of the Agency, who shall be the head of the Agency.
(b) Appointment; term
(1) Appointment
The Director shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among individuals who are citizens of the United States, have a demonstrated understanding of financial management or oversight, and have a demonstrated understanding of capital markets, including the mortgage securities markets and housing finance.
(2) Term
The Director shall be appointed for a term of 5 years, unless removed before the end of such term for cause by the President.
(3) Vacancy
A vacancy in the position of Director that occurs before the expiration of the term for which a Director was appointed shall be filled in the manner established under paragraph (1), and the Director appointed to fill such vacancy shall be appointed only for the remainder of such term.
(4) Service after end of term
An individual may serve as the Director after the expiration of the term for which appointed until a successor has been appointed.
(5) Transitional provision
Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), during the period beginning on the effective date of the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, and ending on the date on which the Director is appointed and confirmed, the person serving as the Director of the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight of the Department of Housing and Urban Development on that effective date shall act for all purposes as, and with the full powers of, the Director.
(c) Deputy Director of the Division of Enterprise Regulation
(1) In general
The Agency shall have a Deputy Director of the Division of Enterprise Regulation, who shall be designated by the Director from among individuals who are citizens of the United States, have a demonstrated understanding of financial management or oversight, and have a demonstrated understanding of mortgage securities markets and housing finance.
(2) Functions
The Deputy Director of the Division of Enterprise Regulation shall have such functions, powers, and duties with respect to the oversight of the enterprises as the Director shall prescribe.
(d) Deputy Director of the Division of Federal Home Loan Bank Regulation
(1) In general
The Agency shall have a Deputy Director of the Division of Federal Home Loan Bank Regulation, who shall be designated by the Director from among individuals who are citizens of the United States, have a demonstrated understanding of financial management or oversight, and have a demonstrated understanding of the Federal Home Loan Bank System and housing finance.
(2) Functions
The Deputy Director of the Division of Federal Home Loan Bank Regulation shall have such functions, powers, and duties with respect to the oversight of the Federal Home Loan Banks as the Director shall prescribe.
(e) Deputy Director for Housing Mission and Goals
(1) In general
The Agency shall have a Deputy Director for Housing Mission and Goals, who shall be designated by the Director from among individuals who are citizens of the United States, and have a demonstrated understanding of the housing markets and housing finance.
(2) Functions
The Deputy Director for Housing Mission and Goals shall have such functions, powers, and duties with respect to the oversight of the housing mission and goals of the enterprises, and with respect to oversight of the housing finance and community and economic development mission of the Federal Home Loan Banks, as the Director shall prescribe.
(3) Considerations
In exercising such functions, powers, and duties, the Deputy Director for Housing Mission and Goals shall consider the differences between the enterprises and the Federal Home Loan Banks, including those described in
(f) Acting Director
In the event of the death, resignation, sickness, or absence of the Director, the President shall designate either the Deputy Director of the Division of Enterprise Regulation, the Deputy Director of the Division of Federal Home Loan Bank Regulation, or the Deputy Director for Housing Mission and Goals, to serve as acting Director until the return of the Director, or the appointment of a successor pursuant to subsection (b).
(g) Limitations
The Director and each of the Deputy Directors may not—
(1) have any direct or indirect financial interest in any regulated entity or entity-affiliated party;
(2) hold any office, position, or employment in any regulated entity or entity-affiliated party; or
(3) have served as an executive officer or director of any regulated entity or entity-affiliated party at any time during the 3-year period preceding the date of appointment or designation of such individual as Director or Deputy Director, as applicable.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The effective date of the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), probably means the date of enactment of
Constitutionality
For information regarding the constitutionality of provisions of subsection (b)(2) of this section, see the Table of Laws Held Unconstitutional in Whole or in Part by the Supreme Court on the Constitution Annotated website, constitution.congress.gov.
Prior Provisions
A prior section 4512,
§4513. Duties and authorities of Director
(a) Duties
(1) Principal duties
The principal duties of the Director shall be—
(A) to oversee the prudential operations of each regulated entity; and
(B) to ensure that—
(i) each regulated entity operates in a safe and sound manner, including maintenance of adequate capital and internal controls;
(ii) the operations and activities of each regulated entity foster liquid, efficient, competitive, and resilient national housing finance markets (including activities relating to mortgages on housing for low- and moderate-income families involving a reasonable economic return that may be less than the return earned on other activities);
(iii) each regulated entity complies with this chapter and the rules, regulations, guidelines, and orders issued under this chapter and the authorizing statutes;
(iv) each regulated entity carries out its statutory mission only through activities that are authorized under and consistent with this chapter and the authorizing statutes; and
(v) the activities of each regulated entity and the manner in which such regulated entity is operated are consistent with the public interest.
(2) Scope of authority
The authority of the Director shall include the authority—
(A) to review and, if warranted based on the principal duties described in paragraph (1), reject any acquisition or transfer of a controlling interest in a regulated entity; and
(B) to exercise such incidental powers as may be necessary or appropriate to fulfill the duties and responsibilities of the Director in the supervision and regulation of each regulated entity.
(3) Coordination with the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
(A) Consultation
The Director shall consult with, and consider the views of, the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, with respect to the risks posed by the regulated entities to the financial system, prior to issuing any proposed or final regulations, orders, and guidelines with respect to the exercise of the additional authority provided in this Act regarding prudential management and operations standards, safe and sound operations of, and capital requirements and portfolio standards applicable to the regulated entities (as such term is defined in
(B) Information sharing
To facilitate the consultative process, the Director shall share information with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on a regular, periodic basis as determined by the Director and the Board regarding the capital, asset and liabilities, financial condition, and risk management practices of the regulated entities as well as any information related to financial market stability.
(C) Termination of consultation requirement
The requirement of the Director to consult with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System under this paragraph shall expire at the conclusion of December 31, 2009.
(b) Delegation of authority
The Director may delegate to officers and employees of the Agency any of the functions, powers, or duties of the Director, as the Director considers appropriate.
(c) Litigation authority
(1) In general
In enforcing any provision of this chapter, any regulation or order prescribed under this chapter, or any other provision of law, rule, regulation, or order, or in any other action, suit, or proceeding to which the Director is a party or in which the Director is interested, and in the administration of conservatorships and receiverships, the Director may act in the Director's own name and through the Director's own attorneys.
(2) Subject to suit
Except as otherwise provided by law, the Director shall be subject to suit (other than suits on claims for money damages) by a regulated entity with respect to any matter under this chapter or any other applicable provision of law, rule, order, or regulation under this chapter, in the United States district court for the judicial district in which the regulated entity has its principal place of business, or in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, and the Director may be served with process in the manner prescribed by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
(f) 1 Recognition of distinctions between the enterprises and the Federal Home Loan Banks
Prior to promulgating any regulation or taking any other formal or informal agency action of general applicability and future effect relating to the Federal Home Loan Banks (other than any regulation, advisory document, or examination guidance of the Federal Housing Finance Board that the Director reissues after the authority of the Director over the Federal Home Loan Banks takes effect), including the issuance of an advisory document or examination guidance, the Director shall consider the differences between the Federal Home Loan Banks and the enterprises with respect to—
(1) the Banks'—
(A) cooperative ownership structure;
(B) the 2 mission of providing liquidity to members;
(C) affordable housing and community development mission;
(D) capital structure; and
(E) joint and several liability; and
(2) any other differences that the Director considers appropriate.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1)(B)(iii), (iv) and (c), was in the original "this title", meaning title XIII of
This Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(A), is
The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
Amendments
2008—
Subsec. (a)(3).
Subsec. (f).
1998—Subsec. (b)(9) to (12).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
1 So in original. No subsecs. (d) and (e) have been enacted.
2 So in original. The word "the" probably should not appear.
§4513a. Federal Housing Finance Oversight Board
(a) In general
There is established the Federal Housing Finance Oversight Board, which shall advise the Director with respect to overall strategies and policies in carrying out the duties of the Director under this chapter.
(b) Limitations
The Board may not exercise any executive authority, and the Director may not delegate to the Board any of the functions, powers, or duties of the Director.
(c) Composition
The Board shall be comprised of 4 members, of whom—
(1) 1 member shall be the Secretary of the Treasury;
(2) 1 member shall be the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development;
(3) 1 member shall be the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission; and
(4) 1 member shall be the Director, who shall serve as the Chairperson of the Board.
(d) Meetings
(1) In general
The Board shall meet upon notice by the Director, but in no event shall the Board meet less frequently than once every 3 months.
(2) Special meetings
Either the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, or the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission may, upon giving written notice to the Director, require a special meeting of the Board.
(e) Testimony
On an annual basis, the Board shall testify before Congress regarding—
(1) the safety and soundness of the regulated entities;
(2) any material deficiencies in the conduct of the operations of the regulated entities;
(3) the overall operational status of the regulated entities;
(4) an evaluation of the performance of the regulated entities in carrying out their respective missions;
(5) operations, resources, and performance of the Agency; and
(6) such other matters relating to the Agency and its fulfillment of its mission, as the Board determines appropriate.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this title", meaning title XIII of
§4513b. Prudential management and operations standards
(a) Standards
The Director shall establish standards, by regulation or guideline, for each regulated entity relating to—
(1) adequacy of internal controls and information systems taking into account the nature and scale of business operations;
(2) independence and adequacy of internal audit systems;
(3) management of interest rate risk exposure;
(4) management of market risk, including standards that provide for systems that accurately measure, monitor, and control market risks and, as warranted, that establish limitations on market risk;
(5) adequacy and maintenance of liquidity and reserves;
(6) management of asset and investment portfolio growth;
(7) investments and acquisitions of assets by a regulated entity, to ensure that they are consistent with the purposes of this chapter and the authorizing statutes;
(8) overall risk management processes, including adequacy of oversight by senior management and the board of directors and of processes and policies to identify, measure, monitor, and control material risks, including reputational risks, and for adequate, well-tested business resumption plans for all major systems with remote site facilities to protect against disruptive events;
(9) management of credit and counterparty risk, including systems to identify concentrations of credit risk and prudential limits to restrict exposure of the regulated entity to a single counterparty or groups of related counterparties;
(10) maintenance of adequate records, in accordance with consistent accounting policies and practices that enable the Director to evaluate the financial condition of the regulated entity; and
(11) such other operational and management standards as the Director determines to be appropriate.
(b) Failure to meet standards
(1) Plan requirement
(A) In general
If the Director determines that a regulated entity fails to meet any standard established under subsection (a)—
(i) if such standard is established by regulation, the Director shall require the regulated entity to submit an acceptable plan to the Director within the time allowed under subparagraph (C); and
(ii) if such standard is established by guideline, the Director may require the regulated entity to submit a plan described in clause (i).
(B) Contents
Any plan required under subparagraph (A) shall specify the actions that the regulated entity will take to correct the deficiency. If the regulated entity is undercapitalized, the plan may be a part of the capital restoration plan for the regulated entity under
(C) Deadlines for submission and review
The Director shall by regulation establish deadlines that—
(i) provide the regulated entities with reasonable time to submit plans required under subparagraph (A), and generally require a regulated entity to submit a plan not later than 30 days after the Director determines that the entity fails to meet any standard established under subsection (a); and
(ii) require the Director to act on plans expeditiously, and generally not later than 30 days after the plan is submitted.
(2) Required order upon failure to submit or implement plan
If a regulated entity fails to submit an acceptable plan within the time allowed under paragraph (1)(C), or fails in any material respect to implement a plan accepted by the Director, the following shall apply:
(A) Required correction of deficiency
The Director shall, by order, require the regulated entity to correct the deficiency.
(B) Other authority
The Director may, by order, take one or more of the following actions until the deficiency is corrected:
(i) Prohibit the regulated entity from permitting its average total assets (as such term is defined in
(ii) Require the regulated entity—
(I) in the case of an enterprise, to increase its ratio of core capital to assets.
(II) in the case of a Federal Home Loan Bank, to increase its ratio of total capital (as such term is defined in
(iii) Require the regulated entity to take any other action that the Director determines will better carry out the purposes of this section than any of the actions described in this subparagraph.
(3) Mandatory restrictions
In complying with paragraph (2), the Director shall take one or more of the actions described in clauses (i) through (iii) of paragraph (2)(B) if—
(A) the Director determines that the regulated entity fails to meet any standard prescribed under subsection (a);
(B) the regulated entity has not corrected the deficiency; and
(C) during the 18-month period before the date on which the regulated entity first failed to meet the standard, the entity underwent extraordinary growth, as defined by the Director.
(c) Other enforcement authority not affected
The authority of the Director under this section is in addition to any other authority of the Director.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(7), was in the original "this title", meaning title XIII of
§4514. Authority to require reports by regulated entities
(a) Regular and special reports
(1) Regular reports
The Director may require, by general or specific orders, a regulated entity to submit regular reports, including financial statements determined on a fair value basis, on the condition (including financial condition), management, activities, or operations of the regulated entity, as the Director considers appropriate (in addition to the annual and quarterly reports required under
(2) Special reports
The Director may also require, by general or specific orders, a regulated entity to submit special reports on any of the topics specified in paragraph (1) or any other relevant topics, if, in the judgment of the Director, such reports are necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.
(3) Limitation
The Director may not require the inclusion, in any report pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2), of any information that is not reasonably obtainable by the regulated entity.
(4) Notice and declaration
The Director shall notify the regulated entity, a reasonable period in advance of the date for submission of any report under this subsection, of any specific information to be contained in the report and the date for the submission of the report. Each report under this subsection shall contain a declaration by the president, vice president, treasurer, or any other officer designated by the board of directors of the regulated entity to make such declaration, that the report is true and correct to the best of such officer's knowledge and belief.
(b) Capital distributions
The Director may require a regulated entity to submit a report to the Director after the declaration of any capital distribution by the regulated entity and before making the capital distribution. The report shall be made in such form and under such circumstances and shall contain such information as the Director shall require.
(c) Penalties for failure to make reports
(1) Violations
It shall be a violation of this section for any regulated entity—
(A) to fail to make, transmit, or publish any report or obtain any information required by the Director under this section,
(B) to submit or publish any false or misleading report or information under this section.
(2) Penalties
(A) First tier
(i) In general
A violation described in paragraph (1) shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $2,000 for each day during which such violation continues, in any case in which—
(I) the subject regulated entity maintains procedures reasonably adapted to avoid any inadvertent error and the violation was unintentional and a result of such an error; or
(II) the violation was an inadvertent transmittal or publication of any report which was minimally late.
(ii) Burden of proof
For purposes of this subparagraph, the regulated entity shall have the burden of proving that the error was inadvertent or that a report was inadvertently transmitted or published late.
(B) Second tier
A violation described in paragraph (1) shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $20,000 for each day during which such violation continues or such false or misleading information is not corrected, in any case that is not addressed in subparagraph (A) or (C).
(C) Third tier
A violation described in paragraph (1) shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $1,000,000 per day for each day during which such violation continues or such false or misleading information is not corrected, in any case in which the subject regulated entity committed such violation knowingly or with reckless disregard for the accuracy of any such information or report.
(3) Assessments
Any penalty imposed under this subsection shall be in lieu of a penalty under
(4) Hearing
A regulated entity against which a penalty is assessed under this section shall be afforded an agency hearing if the regulated entity submits a request for a hearing not later than 20 days after the date of the issuance of the notice of assessment.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), was in the original "this title", meaning title XIII of
Amendments
2008—
Subsec. (a).
Subsec. (a)(2).
Subsec. (a)(3), (4).
Subsec. (b).
Subsec. (c).
§4514a. Study and reports on guarantee fees
(a) Ongoing study of fees
The Director shall conduct an ongoing study of fees charged by enterprises for guaranteeing a mortgage.
(b) Collection of data
The Director shall, by regulation or order, establish procedures for the collection of data from enterprises for purposes of this subsection,1 including the format and the process for collection of such data.
(c) Reports to Congress
The Director shall annually submit a report to Congress on the results of the study conducted under subsection (a), based on the aggregated data collected under subsection (a) for the subject year, regarding the amount of such fees and the criteria used by the enterprises to determine such fees.
(d) Contents of reports
The reports required under subsection (c) shall identify and analyze—
(1) the factors considered in determining the amount of the guarantee fees charged;
(2) the total revenue earned by the enterprises from guarantee fees;
(3) the total costs incurred by the enterprises for providing guarantees;
(4) the average guarantee fee charged by the enterprises;
(5) an analysis of any increase or decrease in guarantee fees from the preceding year;
(6) a breakdown of the revenue and costs associated with providing guarantees, based on product type and risk classifications; and
(7) a breakdown of guarantee fees charged based on asset size of the originator and the number of loans sold or transferred to an enterprise.
(e) Protection of information
Nothing in this section may be construed to require or authorize the Director to publicly disclose information that is confidential or proprietary.
(
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section was enacted as part of the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, and also as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, and not as part of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 which comprises this chapter.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Definitions
For definitions of terms used in this section, see section 1002(b) of
1 So in original. Probably should be "section".
§4515. Personnel
(a) In general
Subject to title III of the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, the Director may appoint and fix the compensation of such officers and employees of the Agency as the Director considers necessary to carry out the functions of the Director and the Agency. Officers and employees may be paid without regard to the provisions of
(b) Comparability of compensation with Federal banking agencies
In fixing and directing compensation under subsection (a), the Director shall consult with, and maintain comparability with compensation of officers and employees of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
(c) Personnel of other Federal agencies
In carrying out the duties of the Agency, the Director may use information, services, staff, and facilities of any executive agency, independent agency, or department on a reimbursable basis, with the consent of such agency or department.
(d) Outside experts and consultants
Notwithstanding any provision of law limiting pay or compensation, the Director may appoint and compensate such outside experts and consultants as the Director determines necessary to assist the work of the Agency.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (a), is div. A of
Amendments
2010—Subsec. (b).
2008—Subsec. (a).
Subsec. (c).
Subsec. (d).
Subsec. (e).
Subsec. (f).
"(1) a complete description of the equal opportunity, affirmative action, and minority business enterprise utilization programs of the Office; and
"(2) such recommendations for administrative and legislative action as the Director determines appropriate to carry out such programs."
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2010 Amendment
Amendment by
§4516. Funding
(a) Annual assessments
The Director shall establish and collect from the regulated entities annual assessments in an amount not exceeding the amount sufficient to provide for reasonable costs (including administrative costs) and expenses of the Agency, including—
(1) the expenses of any examinations under
(2) the expenses of obtaining any reviews and credit assessments under
(3) such amounts in excess of actual expenses for any given year as deemed necessary by the Director to maintain a working capital fund in accordance with subsection (e); and
(4) the windup of the affairs of the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight and the Federal Housing Finance Board under title III of the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008.
(b) Allocation of annual assessment to enterprises
(1) Amount of payment
Each enterprise shall pay to the Director a proportion of the annual assessment made pursuant to subsection (a) that bears the same ratio to the total annual assessment that the total assets of each enterprise bears 1 to the total assets of both enterprises.
(2) Separate treatment of Federal home loan bank and enterprise assessments
Assessments collected from the enterprises shall not exceed the amounts sufficient to provide for the costs and expenses described in subsection (a) relating to the enterprises. Assessments collected from the Federal Home Loan Banks shall not exceed the amounts sufficient to provide for the costs and expenses described in subsection (a) relating to the Federal Home Loan Banks.
(3) Timing of payment
The annual assessment shall be payable semiannually for each fiscal year, on October 1 and April 1.
(4) "Total assets" defined
For the purpose of this section, the term "total assets" means, with respect to an enterprise, the sum of—
(A) on-balance-sheet assets of the enterprise, as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(B) the unpaid principal balance of outstanding mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by the enterprise that are not included in subparagraph (A); and
(C) other off-balance-sheet obligations as determined by the Director.
(c) Increased costs of regulation
(1) Increase for inadequate capitalization
The semiannual payments made pursuant to subsection (b) by any regulated entity that is not classified (for purposes of subchapter II) as adequately capitalized may be increased, as necessary, in the discretion of the Director to pay additional estimated costs of regulation of the regulated entity.
(2) Adjustment for enforcement activities
The Director may adjust the amounts of any semiannual payments for an assessment under subsection (a) that are to be paid pursuant to subsection (b) by a regulated entity, as necessary in the discretion of the Director, to ensure that the costs of enforcement activities under this Act for a regulated entity are borne only by such regulated entity.
(3) Additional assessment for deficiencies
If at any time, as a result of increased costs of regulation of a regulated entity that is not classified (for purposes of subchapter II) as adequately capitalized or as the result of supervisory or enforcement activities under this Act for a regulated entity, the amount available from any semiannual payment made by such regulated entity pursuant to subsection (b) is insufficient to cover the costs of the Agency with respect to such entity, the Director may make and collect from such regulated entity an immediate assessment to cover the amount of such deficiency for the semiannual period. If, at the end of any semiannual period during which such an assessment is made, any amount remains from such assessment, such remaining amount shall be deducted from the assessment for such regulated entity for the following semiannual period.
(d) Surplus
Except with respect to amounts collected pursuant to subsection (a)(3), if any amount from any annual assessment collected from an enterprise remains unobligated at the end of the year for which the assessment was collected, such amount shall be credited to the assessment to be collected from the enterprise for the following year.
(e) Working capital fund
At the end of each year for which an assessment under this section is made, the Director shall remit to each regulated entity any amount of assessment collected from such regulated entity that is attributable to subsection (a)(3) and is in excess of the amount the Director deems necessary to maintain a working capital fund.
(f) Treatment of assessments
(1) Deposit
Amounts received by the Director from assessments under this section may be deposited by the Director in the manner provided in
(2) Not Government funds
The amounts received by the Director from any assessment under this section shall not be construed to be Government or public funds or appropriated money.
(3) No apportionment of funds
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the amounts received by the Director from any assessment under this section shall not be subject to apportionment for the purpose of
(4) Use of funds
The Director may use any amounts received by the Director from assessments under this section for compensation of the Director and other employees of the Agency and for all other expenses of the Director and the Agency.
(5) Availability of oversight fund amounts
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any amounts remaining in the Federal Housing Enterprises Oversight Fund established under this section (as in effect before the effective date of the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, and any amounts remaining from assessments on the Federal Home Loan Banks pursuant to section 1438(b) 2 of this title), shall, upon such effective date, be treated for purposes of this subsection as amounts received from assessments under this section.
(6) Treasury investments
(A) Authority
The Director may request the Secretary of the Treasury to invest such portions of amounts received by the Director from assessments paid under this section that, in the Director's discretion, are not required to meet the current working needs of the Agency.
(B) Government obligations
Pursuant to a request under subparagraph (A), the Secretary of the Treasury shall invest such amounts in Government obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States with maturities suitable to the needs of the Agency and bearing interest at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury taking into consideration current market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States of comparable maturity.
(g) Budget and financial management
(1) Financial operating plans and forecasts
The Director shall provide to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget copies of the Director's financial operating plans and forecasts, as prepared by the Director in the ordinary course of the Agency's operations, and copies of the quarterly reports of the Agency's financial condition and results of operations, as prepared by the Director in the ordinary course of the Agency's operations.
(2) Financial statements
The Agency shall prepare annually a statement of—
(A) assets and liabilities and surplus or deficit;
(B) income and expenses; and
(C) sources and application of funds.
(3) Financial management systems
The Agency shall implement and maintain financial management systems that—
(A) comply substantially with Federal financial management systems requirements and applicable Federal accounting standards; and
(B) use a general ledger system that accounts for activity at the transaction level.
(4) Assertion of internal controls
The Director shall provide to the Comptroller General of the United States an assertion as to the effectiveness of the internal controls that apply to financial reporting by the Agency, using the standards established in
(5) Rule of construction
This subsection may not be construed as implying any obligation on the part of the Director to consult with or obtain the consent or approval of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget with respect to any report, plan, forecast, or other information referred to in paragraph (1) or any jurisdiction or oversight over the affairs or operations of the Agency.
(h) Audit of Agency
(1) In general
The Comptroller General shall annually audit the financial transactions of the Agency in accordance with the United States generally accepted government auditing standards as may be prescribed by the Comptroller General of the United States. The audit shall be conducted at the place or places where accounts of the Agency are normally kept. The representatives of the Government Accountability Office shall have access to the personnel and to all books, accounts, documents, papers, records (including electronic records), reports, files, and all other papers, automated data, things, or property belonging to or under the control of or used or employed by the Agency pertaining to its financial transactions and necessary to facilitate the audit, and such representatives shall be afforded full facilities for verifying transactions with the balances or securities held by depositories, fiscal agents, and custodians. All such books, accounts, documents, records, reports, files, papers, and property of the Agency shall remain in possession and custody of the Agency. The Comptroller General may obtain and duplicate any such books, accounts, documents, records, working papers, automated data and files, or other information relevant to such audit without cost to the Comptroller General and the Comptroller General's right of access to such information shall be enforceable pursuant to
(2) Report
The Comptroller General shall submit to the Congress a report of each annual audit conducted under this subsection. The report to the Congress shall set forth the scope of the audit and shall include the statement of assets and liabilities and surplus or deficit, the statement of income and expenses, the statement of sources and application of funds, and such comments and information as may be deemed necessary to inform Congress of the financial operations and condition of the Agency, together with such recommendations with respect thereto as the Comptroller General may deem advisable. A copy of each report shall be furnished to the President and to the Agency at the time submitted to the Congress.
(3) Assistance and costs
For the purpose of conducting an audit under this subsection, the Comptroller General may, in the discretion of the Comptroller General, employ by contract, without regard to
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), is div. A of
This Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), (3), is
The effective date of the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (f)(5), probably means the date of enactment of div. A of
Codification
In subsec. (h)(3), "
Amendments
2008—Subsec. (a).
Subsec. (b)(2) to (4).
Subsec. (c).
Subsec. (d).
Subsecs. (e) to (h).
1996—Subsec. (b)(2).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Non-Reduction of First Annual Assessment
1 So in original. Probably should be "bear".
2 See References in Text note below.
§4517. Examinations
(a) Annual examination
The Director shall annually conduct an on-site examination under this section of each regulated entity to determine the condition of the regulated entity for the purpose of ensuring its financial safety and soundness.
(b) Other examinations
In addition to annual examinations under subsection (a), the Director may conduct an examination under this section of a regulated entity whenever the Director determines that an examination is necessary or appropriate.
(c) Examiners
The Director shall appoint examiners to conduct examinations under this section. The Director may contract with the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for the services of examiners to conduct examinations under this section. The Director shall reimburse such agencies for any costs of providing examiners from amounts available in the Federal Housing Enterprises Oversight Fund.
(d) Inspector General
There shall be within the Agency an Inspector General, who shall be appointed in accordance with
(e) Law applicable to examiners
The Director and each examiner shall have the same authority and each examiner shall be subject to the same disclosures, prohibitions, obligations, and penalties as are applicable to examiners employed by the Federal Reserve banks.
(f) Technical experts
The Director may obtain the services of any technical experts the Director considers appropriate to provide temporary technical assistance relating to examinations to the Director, officers, and employees of the Office. The Director shall describe, in the record of each examination, the nature and extent of any such temporary technical assistance.
(g) Oaths, evidence, and subpoena powers
In connection with examinations under this section, the Director shall have the authority provided under
(h) Appointment of accountants, economists, and examiners
(1) Applicability
This section shall apply with respect to any position of examiner, accountant, economist, and specialist in financial markets and in technology at the Agency, with respect to supervision and regulation of the regulated entities, that is in the competitive service.
(2) Appointment authority
The Director may appoint candidates to any position described in paragraph (1)—
(A) in accordance with the statutes, rules, and regulations governing appointments in the excepted service; and
(B) notwithstanding any statutes, rules, and regulations governing appointments in the competitive service.
(i) Ombudsman
The Director shall establish, by regulation, an Office of the Ombudsman within the Agency, which shall be responsible for considering complaints and appeals, from any regulated entity and any person that has a business relationship with a regulated entity, regarding any matter relating to the regulation and supervision of such regulated entity by the Agency. The regulation issued by the Director under this subsection shall specify the authority and duties of the Office of the Ombudsman.
(
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2022—Subsec. (d).
2010—Subsec. (c).
2008—Subsec. (a).
Subsec. (b).
Subsec. (c).
Subsecs. (d) to (f).
Subsec. (g).
Subsec. (h).
Subsec. (i).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2010 Amendment
Amendment by
§4518. Prohibition and withholding of executive compensation
(a) In general
The Director shall prohibit the regulated entities from providing compensation to any executive officer of the regulated entity that is not reasonable and comparable with compensation for employment in other similar businesses (including other publicly held financial institutions or major financial services companies) involving similar duties and responsibilities.
(b) Factors
In making any determination under subsection (a), the Director may take into consideration any factors the Director considers relevant, including any wrongdoing on the part of the executive officer, and such wrongdoing shall include any fraudulent act or omission, breach of trust or fiduciary duty, violation of law, rule, regulation, order, or written agreement, and insider abuse with respect to the regulated entity. The approval of an agreement or contract pursuant to
(c) Withholding of compensation
In carrying out subsection (a), the Director may require a regulated entity to withhold any payment, transfer, or disbursement of compensation to an executive officer, or to place such compensation in an escrow account, during the review of the reasonableness and comparability of compensation.
(d) Prohibition of setting compensation
In carrying out subsection (a), the Director may not prescribe or set a specific level or range of compensation.
(e) Authority to regulate or prohibit certain forms of benefits to affiliated parties
(1) Golden parachutes and indemnification payments
The Director may prohibit or limit, by regulation or order, any golden parachute payment or indemnification payment.
(2) Factors to be taken into account
The Director shall prescribe, by regulation, the factors to be considered by the Director in taking any action pursuant to paragraph (1), which may include such factors as—
(A) whether there is a reasonable basis to believe that the affiliated party has committed any fraudulent act or omission, breach of trust or fiduciary duty, or insider abuse with regard to the regulated entity that has had a material effect on the financial condition of the regulated entity;
(B) whether there is a reasonable basis to believe that the affiliated party is substantially responsible for the insolvency of the regulated entity, the appointment of a conservator or receiver for the regulated entity, or the troubled condition of the regulated entity (as defined in regulations prescribed by the Director);
(C) whether there is a reasonable basis to believe that the affiliated party has materially violated any applicable provision of Federal or State law or regulation that has had a material effect on the financial condition of the regulated entity;
(D) whether the affiliated party was in a position of managerial or fiduciary responsibility; and
(E) the length of time that the party was affiliated with the regulated entity, and the degree to which—
(i) the payment reasonably reflects compensation earned over the period of employment; and
(ii) the compensation involved represents a reasonable payment for services rendered.
(3) Certain payments prohibited
No regulated entity may prepay the salary or any liability or legal expense of any affiliated party if such payment is made—
(A) in contemplation of the insolvency of such regulated entity, or after the commission of an act of insolvency; and
(B) with a view to, or having the result of—
(i) preventing the proper application of the assets of the regulated entity to creditors; or
(ii) preferring one creditor over another.
(4) Golden parachute payment defined
(A) In general
For purposes of this subsection, the term "golden parachute payment" means any payment (or any agreement to make any payment) in the nature of compensation by any regulated entity for the benefit of any affiliated party pursuant to an obligation of such regulated entity that—
(i) is contingent on the termination of such party's affiliation with the regulated entity; and
(ii) is received on or after the date on which—
(I) the regulated entity became insolvent;
(II) any conservator or receiver is appointed for such regulated entity; or
(III) the Director determines that the regulated entity is in a troubled condition (as defined in the regulations of the Director).
(B) Certain payments in contemplation of an event
Any payment which would be a golden parachute payment but for the fact that such payment was made before the date referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be treated as a golden parachute payment if the payment was made in contemplation of the occurrence of an event described in any subclause of such subparagraph.
(C) Certain payments not included
For purposes of this subsection, the term "golden parachute payment" shall not include—
(i) any payment made pursuant to a retirement plan which is qualified (or is intended to be qualified) under
(ii) any payment made pursuant to a bona fide deferred compensation plan or arrangement which the Director determines, by regulation or order, to be permissible; or
(iii) any payment made by reason of the death or disability of an affiliated party.
(5) Other definitions
For purposes of this subsection, the following definitions shall apply:
(A) Indemnification payment
Subject to paragraph (6), the term "indemnification payment" means any payment (or any agreement to make any payment) by any regulated entity for the benefit of any person who is or was an affiliated party, to pay or reimburse such person for any liability or legal expense with regard to any administrative proceeding or civil action instituted by the Agency which results in a final order under which such person—
(i) is assessed a civil money penalty;
(ii) is removed or prohibited from participating in conduct of the affairs of the regulated entity; or
(iii) is required to take any affirmative action to correct certain conditions resulting from violations or practices, by order of the Director.
(B) Liability or legal expense
The term "liability or legal expense" means—
(i) any legal or other professional expense incurred in connection with any claim, proceeding, or action;
(ii) the amount of, and any cost incurred in connection with, any settlement of any claim, proceeding, or action; and
(iii) the amount of, and any cost incurred in connection with, any judgment or penalty imposed with respect to any claim, proceeding, or action.
(C) Payment
The term "payment" includes—
(i) any direct or indirect transfer of any funds or any asset; and
(ii) any segregation of any funds or assets for the purpose of making, or pursuant to an agreement to make, any payment after the date on which such funds or assets are segregated, without regard to whether the obligation to make such payment is contingent on—
(I) the determination, after such date, of the liability for the payment of such amount; or
(II) the liquidation, after such date, of the amount of such payment.
(6) Certain commercial insurance coverage not treated as covered benefit payment
No provision of this subsection shall be construed as prohibiting any regulated entity from purchasing any commercial insurance policy or fidelity bond, except that, subject to any requirement described in paragraph (5)(A)(iii), such insurance policy or bond shall not cover any legal or liability expense of the regulated entity which is described in paragraph (5)(A).
(
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2008—
Subsec. (a).
Subsecs. (b) to (d).
Subsec. (e).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Equity in Government Compensation
"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
"This Act may be cited as the 'Equity in Government Compensation Act of 2015'.
"SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
"In this Act:
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) the Federal National Mortgage Association and any affiliate thereof; and
"(B) the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and any affiliate thereof.
"SEC. 3. REASONABLE PAY FOR CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
"SEC. 4. FANNIE AND FREDDIE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS NOT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES.
"Any chief executive officer affected by any provision under section 3 shall not be considered a Federal employee."
§4518a. Limitation on bonuses to executives of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Notwithstanding any other provision in law, senior executives at the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation are prohibited from receiving bonuses during any period of conservatorship for those entities on or after April 4, 2012.
(
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section was enacted as part of the Representative Louise McIntosh Slaughter Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act, also known as the STOCK Act, and not as part of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 which comprises this chapter.
§4519. Authority to provide for review of regulated entities
The Director may, on such terms and conditions as the Director deems appropriate, contract with any entity to conduct a review of the regulated entities.
(
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2010—
2008—
2006—
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2010 Amendment
Amendment by
§4520. Minority and women inclusion; diversity requirements
(a) Office of Minority and Women Inclusion
Each regulated entity shall establish an Office of Minority and Women Inclusion, or designate an office of the entity, that shall be responsible for carrying out this section and all matters of the entity relating to diversity in management, employment, and business activities in accordance with such standards and requirements as the Director shall establish.
(b) Inclusion in all levels of business activities
Each regulated entity shall develop and implement standards and procedures to ensure, to the maximum extent possible, the inclusion and utilization of minorities (as such term is defined in section 1204(c) of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (
(c) Applicability
This section shall apply to all contracts of a regulated entity for services of any kind, including services that require the services of investment banking, asset management entities, broker-dealers, financial services entities, underwriters, accountants, investment consultants, and providers of legal services.
(d) Inclusion in annual reports
Each regulated entity shall include, in the annual report submitted by the entity to the Director pursuant to
(e) Outreach
Each regulated entity shall establish a minority outreach program to ensure the inclusion (to the maximum extent possible) in contracts entered into by the enterprises of minorities and women and businesses owned by minorities and women, including financial institutions, investment banking firms, underwriters, accountants, brokers, and providers of legal services.
(f) Diversity in Agency workforce
The Agency shall take affirmative steps to seek diversity in its workforce at all levels of the agency consistent with the demographic diversity of the United States, which shall include—
(1) heavily recruiting at historically Black colleges and universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, women's colleges, and colleges that typically serve majority minority populations;
(2) sponsoring and recruiting at job fairs in urban communities, and placing employment advertisements in newspapers and magazines oriented toward women and people of color;
(3) partnering with organizations that are focused on developing opportunities for minorities and women to place talented young minorities and women in industry internships, summer employment, and full-time positions; and
(4) where feasible, partnering with inner-city high schools, girls' high schools, and high schools with majority minority populations to establish or enhance financial literacy programs and provide mentoring.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Section 1204(c) of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 1204(c) of
Amendments
2008—
Subsec. (a).
Subsec. (b).
Subsecs. (c), (d).
Subsec. (e).
Subsec. (f).
1 See References in Text note below.
§4521. Annual reports by Director
(a) General report
The Director shall submit to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate, not later than June 15 of each year, a written report, which shall include—
(1) a description of the actions taken, and being undertaken, by the Director to carry out this chapter;
(2) a description of the financial safety and soundness of each regulated entity, including the results and conclusions of the annual examinations of the regulated entities conducted under
(3) any recommendations for legislation to enhance the financial safety and soundness of the regulated entities;
(4) a description of—
(A) whether the procedures established by each regulated entity pursuant to
(B) the results and conclusions of any examination, as determined necessary by the Director, to determine the compliance of the regulated entities with the requirements of
except that the information described in this paragraph shall be included only in each of the first, third, and fifth annual reports under this subsection required to be submitted after the expiration of the 1-year period beginning on September 23, 1994; and 1
(5) the assessment of the Board or any of its members with respect to—
(A) the safety and soundness of the regulated entities;
(B) any material deficiencies in the conduct of the operations of the regulated entities;
(C) the overall operational status of the regulated entities; and
(D) an evaluation of the performance of the regulated entities in carrying out their respective missions;
(6) operations, resources, and performance of the Agency; and
(7) such other matters relating to the Agency and the fulfillment of its mission.
(b) Report on enforcement actions
Not later than March 15 of each year, the Director shall submit to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate a written report describing, for the preceding calendar year, the requests by the Director to the Attorney General for enforcement actions under subchapter III and describing the disposition of each request, which shall include statements of—
(1) the total number of requests made by the Director;
(2) the number of requests that resulted in the commencement of litigation by the Department of Justice;
(3) the number of requests that did not result in the commencement of litigation by the Department of Justice;
(4) with respect to requests that resulted in the commencement of litigation—
(A) the number of days between the date of the request and the commencement of the litigation; and
(B) the number of days between the date of the commencement and termination of the litigation; and
(5) the number of litigation requests pending at the beginning of the calendar year, the number of requests made during the calendar year, the number of requests for which action was completed during the calendar year, and the number of requests pending at the end of the calendar year.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was in the original "this title", meaning title XIII of
Amendments
2008—Subsec. (a).
Subsec. (a)(2) to (4).
Subsec. (a)(5) to (7).
Subsec. (b).
1994—Subsec. (a)(4).
1 So in original. The word "and" probably should not appear.
§4522. Public disclosure of final orders and agreements
(a) In general
The Director shall make available to the public—
(1) any written agreement or other written statement for which a violation may be redressed by the Director or any modification to or termination thereof, unless the Director, in the Director's discretion, determines that public disclosure would be contrary to the public interest or determines under subsection (c) that public disclosure would seriously threaten the financial health or security of the enterprise;
(2) any order that is issued with respect to any administrative enforcement proceeding initiated by the Director under subchapter III and that has become final; and
(3) any modification to or termination of any final order made public pursuant to this subsection.
(b) Hearings
All hearings on the record with respect to any action of the Director or notice of charges issued by the Director shall be open to the public, unless the Director, in the Director's discretion, determines that holding an open hearing would be contrary to the public interest.
(c) Delay of public disclosure under exceptional circumstances
If the Director makes a determination in writing that the public disclosure of any final order pursuant to subsection (a) would seriously threaten the financial health or security of the enterprise, the Director may delay the public disclosure of such order for a reasonable time.
(d) Documents filed under seal in public enforcement hearings
The Director may file any document or part thereof under seal in any hearing under subchapter III if the Director determines in writing that disclosure thereof would be contrary to the public interest.
(e) Retention of documents
The Director shall keep and maintain a record, for not less than 6 years, of all documents described in subsection (a) and all enforcement agreements and other supervisory actions and supporting documents issued with respect to or in connection with any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Director under subchapter III.
(f) Disclosures to Congress
This section may not be construed to authorize the withholding of any information from, or to prohibit the disclosure of any information to, the Congress or any committee or subcommittee thereof.
(
§4523. Limitation on subsequent employment
Neither the Director nor any former officer or employee of the Agency who, while employed by the Agency, was compensated at a rate in excess of the lowest rate for a position classified higher than GS–15 of the General Schedule under
(
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2008—
§4524. Audits by GAO
The Comptroller General may audit the operations of the Agency, and any such audit shall be conducted in accordance with generally accepted Government auditing standards. All books, records, accounts, reports, files, and property belonging to, or used by, the Agency shall be made available to the Comptroller General.
(
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2008—
1996—
§4525. Information, records, and meetings
For purposes of subchapter II of
(1) the Agency, and
(2) the Department of Housing and Urban Development, with respect to activities under this chapter,
shall be considered agencies responsible for the regulation or supervision of financial institutions.
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in par. (2), was in the original "this title", meaning title XIII of
Amendments
2008—Par. (1).
§4526. Regulations and orders
(a) Authority
The Director shall issue any regulations, guidelines, or orders necessary to carry out the duties of the Director under this chapter or the authorizing statutes, and to ensure that the purposes of this chapter and the authorizing statutes are accomplished.
(b) Notice and comment
Any regulations issued by the Director under this section shall be issued after notice and opportunity for public comment pursuant to the provisions of
(
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this title", meaning title XIII of
Amendments
2008—Subsec. (a).
Subsec. (c).
§4527. Data standards
(a) Requirement
The Agency shall, by rule, adopt data standards for all collections of information that are regularly filed with or submitted to the Agency.
(b) Consistency
The data standards required under subsection (a) shall incorporate, and ensure compatibility with (to the extent feasible), all applicable data standards established in the rules promulgated under
(
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Rulemaking
"(a)
"(b)
Rule of Construction Regarding No New Disclosure Requirements
§4528. Open data publication
All public data assets published by the Agency shall be—
(1) made available as an open Government data asset (as defined in
(2) freely available for download;
(3) rendered in a human-readable format; and
(4) accessible via application programming interface where appropriate.
(
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Rule of Construction Regarding No New Disclosure Requirements
Enactment of section not to be construed to require certain additional information to be collected or disclosed, see section 5884 of