CHAPTER 56A—PACIFIC SALMON FISHING

        

§3631. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, the term—

(a) "Commission" means the Pacific Salmon Commission established by the Treaty;

(b) "enhancement" means manmade improvements to natural habitats, or the application of artificial fish culture technology, that will lead to the increase of salmon stocks;

(c) "Magnuson Act" means the Act entitled "the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act," as approved April 13, 1976, and as later amended (16 U.S.C. section 1801 et seq.);

(d) "Panel" means any of the Panels established by the Treaty;

(e) "person" means any individual (whether or not a citizen or national of the United States), any corporation, partnership, association, or other entity (whether or not organized or existing under the laws of any State);

(f) "salmon" means any anadromous species of the family Salmonidae and genus Oncorhynchus, commonly known as Pacific salmon, including but not limited to:

Popular names	Scientific name
Chinook or King Salmon	Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Coho or Silver Salmon	Oncorhynchus kisutch
Pink or Humpback Salmon	Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Chum or Dog Salmon	Oncorhynchus keta
Sockeye or Red Salmon	Oncorhynchus nerka

and shall also include Steelhead (Salmo gairdneri);

(g) "Secretary" means the Secretary of Commerce;

(h) "Treaty" means the Treaty between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Canada Concerning Pacific Salmon, signed at Ottawa, January 28, 1985;

(i) "treaty Indian tribe" means any of the federally recognized Indian tribes of the Columbia River basin, Washington coast or Puget Sound areas having reserved fishing rights to salmon stocks subject to the Treaty under treaties with the United States Government; and

(j) "United States Section" means the four United States Commissioners appointed by the President pursuant to this chapter.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §2, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 7; Pub. L. 102–251, title III, §306(a), Mar. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 66; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(a) [title II, §211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009-41.)

Amendment of Section

Pub. L. 102–251, title III, §§306(a), 308, Mar. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 66, provided that, effective on the date on which the Agreement between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990, enters into force for the United States, with authority to prescribe implementing regulations effective Mar. 9, 1992, but with no such regulation to be effective until the date on which the Agreement enters into force for the United States, this section is amended by redesignating subsections (h) to (j) as (i) to (k), respectively, and by inserting after subsection (g) the following new subsection:

(h) "Special areas" means the areas referred to as eastern special areas in Article 3(1) of the Agreement between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990; in particular, the term refers to those areas east of the maritime boundary, as defined in that Agreement, that lie within 200 nautical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of Russia is measured but beyond 200 nautical miles of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea of the United States is measured.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 94–265, Apr. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 331, which is classified principally to chapter 38 (§1801 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1801 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–208 substituted "Magnuson-Stevens Fishery" for "Magnuson Fishery".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(a) [title II, §211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009-41, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective 15 days after Oct. 11, 1996.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–251 effective on date on which Agreement between United States and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990, enters into force for United States, with authority to prescribe implementing regulations effective Mar. 9, 1992, but with no such regulation to be effective until date on which Agreement enters into force for United States, see section 308 of Pub. L. 102–251, set out as a note under section 773 of this title.

Short Title

Pub. L. 99–5, §1, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 7, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter and repealing sections 776 to 776f of this title and provisions set out as notes under section 776 of this title] may be cited as the 'Pacific Salmon Treaty Act of 1985'."

Executive Documents

Territorial Sea of United States

For extension of territorial sea of United States, see Proc. No. 5928, set out as a note under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands.

§3632. United States Section

(a) Commissioners

The United States shall be represented on the Commission by four United States Commissioners who are knowledgeable or experienced concerning Pacific salmon, to be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the President. Of these, one shall be an official of the United States Government who shall be a nonvoting member of the United States Section; one shall be a resident of the State of Alaska and shall be appointed from a list of at least six qualified individuals nominated by the Governor of that State; one shall be a resident of the States ¹ of Oregon,² or Washington and shall be appointed from a list of at least six qualified individuals nominated by the Governors of those States; and one shall be appointed from a list of at least six qualified individuals nominated by the treaty Indian tribes of the States of Idaho, Oregon or Washington. Two of the initial appointments shall be for two-year terms; all other appointments shall be for four-year terms. Each Commissioner is eligible for reappointment. Any individual appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of any term of office shall be appointed for the remainder of that term. Unless otherwise agreed, the chairmanship of the United States Section shall rotate annually among all four members with the order of rotation determined by lot at the first meeting.

(b) Alternate Commissioners

The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary and the Secretary of the Interior, shall designate an Alternate Commissioner for each Commissioner from the respective lists referred to in subsection (a), and may designate an Alternate Commissioner for the Federal Commissioner. In the absence of a Commissioner, the Alternate Commissioner may exercise all functions of such Commissioner at any meeting of the Commission or of the United States Section. Alternate Commissioners are eligible for reappointment and may attend all meetings of the United States Section.

(c) Southern Panel

The United States shall be represented on the southern Panel by six Panel members, of whom—

(1) one shall be an official of the United States Government, with salmon fishery management responsibility and expertise;

(2) one shall be an official of the State of Oregon, with salmon fishery management responsibility and expertise;

(3) one shall be an official of the State of Washington, with salmon fishery management responsibility and expertise;

(4) two shall be appointed from a list submitted by the treaty Indian tribes of individuals with salmon fishery management responsibility and expertise; and

(5) one shall be appointed from the commercial or recreational sector who is knowledgeable and experienced in the salmon fisheries for which the southern Panel is responsible.

(d) Northern Panel

The United States shall be represented on the northern Panel by six Panel members, of whom—

(1) one shall be an official of the United States Government, with salmon fishery management responsibility and expertise;

(2) one shall be an official of the State of Alaska, with salmon fishery management responsibility and expertise; and

(3) four shall be individuals knowledgeable and experienced in the salmon fisheries for which the northern Panel is responsible.

(e) Fraser River Panel

The United States shall be represented on the Fraser River Panel by four Panel members, of whom—

(1) one shall be an official of the United States Government, with salmon fishery management responsibility and expertise;

(2) one shall be an official of the State of Washington, with salmon fishery management responsibility and expertise;

(3) one shall be appointed from a list submitted by the treaty Indian tribes of individuals with salmon fishery management responsibility and expertise for the fisheries for which the Fraser River Panel is responsible; and

(4) one shall be appointed from the commercial sector of the salmon fishing industry concerned with fisheries for which the Fraser River Panel is responsible.

(f) Transboundary Panel

The United States shall be represented on the Transboundary Panel by seven panel members, of whom—

(1) one shall be an official of the United States Government, with salmon fishery management responsibility and expertise;

(2) one shall be an official of the State of Alaska, with salmon fishery management responsibility and expertise; and

(3) five shall be individuals knowledgeable and experienced in the salmon fisheries for which the Transboundary Panel is responsible.

(g) Panel appointments

Panel members described in subsections (c)(2), (c)(3), (d)(2), and (e)(2) shall be appointed by the Governor of the applicable State. Panel members described in subsections (c)(4) and (e)(3) shall be appointed by the Secretary of the Interior from lists of nominations provided by the appropriate treaty Indian tribes. All other Panel members shall be appointed by the Secretary: Provided, That at least one member of the northern Panel shall be a voting member of the North Pacific Fishery Management Council, at least one member of the southern Panel shall be a voting member of the Pacific Fishery Management Council; and the Panel members described in subsections (c)(5), (d)(3), and (e)(4) shall be appointed from lists of nominations provided by the Governors of the applicable States. For the northern, southern, and Fraser River panels, the appointing authorities listed above may also designate an alternate Panel member, meeting the same qualifications and having the same term of office, to service in the absence of a Panel member appointed under this subsection. Panel members and alternate Panel members, other than the southern Panel member described in subsection (c)(5), shall serve four-year terms; except that the Secretary of State shall designate one-half of the initial appointments to each Panel as serving two-year terms. The southern Panel member described in subsection (c)(5) and the corresponding alternate shall each be appointed for one-year terms; the first such member shall be appointed from the commercial sector and an alternate shall be appointed from the recreational sector, with the alternate succeeding to the member position in the subsequent year; thereafter the member and alternate positions shall rotate between the commercial and recreational sectors on an annual basis. Any individual appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of any term of office shall be appointed for the remainder of that term. Panel members and alternates shall be eligible for reappointment and may attend all meetings of the relevant United States Panel Section.

(h) Voting requirements

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the United States Section shall operate with the objective of attaining consensus decisions in the development and exercise of its single vote within the Commission. A decision of the United States Section shall be taken when there is no dissenting vote.

(2) A decision of the United States Section with respect to any salmon fishery regime covered by chapter 1 or 2 (except paragraph 4 of chapter 2) of Annex IV to the Pacific Salmon Treaty of 1985 shall be taken upon the affirmative vote of the United States Commissioner appointed from the list submitted by the Governor of Alaska pursuant to subsection (a). A decision of the United States Section with respect to any salmon fishery regime covered by chapter 4, 5 (except paragraph 2(b) of chapter 5), or 6 of the Pacific Salmon Treaty of 1985 shall be taken upon the affirmative vote of both the United States Commissioner appointed from the list submitted by the Governors of Washington and Oregon pursuant to subsection (a) and the United States Commissioner appointed from the list submitted by the treaty Indian tribes of the State of Idaho, Oregon, or Washington pursuant to subsection (a). Before a decision of the United States Section is made under this paragraph, the voting Commissioner or Commissioners shall consult with the Commissioner who is an official of the United States Government under subsection (a) ³

(3) All decisions and recommendations of the United States Section of the northern, southern, and transboundary Panels shall require the concurring vote of a majority of the United States Panel members present and voting, except that decisions and recommendations of the southern Panel shall require the concurring vote of the members designated in subsections (c)(2) and (c)(3) and one of those members designated in subsection (c)(4).

(4) All decisions and recommendations of the United States Section of the Fraser River Panel shall require the concurring vote of all United States Panel members present and voting, except that orders referred to in article VI(6) of the Treaty may be agreed to on the basis of a majority, provided that the Panel members representing the State and Tribal fishery management authorities concur.

(5) All decisions and recommendations of any joint Panel shall require the concurring votes of each Panel under the voting rules specified in paragraphs (2) and (3).

(6) To assist in the resolution of disputes affecting decisions of the United States Section or of the United States Panel sections, a three-person Conciliation Board may be established. The members of the Conciliation Board shall be selected by the United States Section as follows: each non-Federal Commissioner shall submit a list of no fewer than three qualified nominees; one person shall be selected from each list by consensus decision of the Federal Commissioner and the other two non-Federal Commissioners. The Conciliation Board shall operate under such bylaws as may be established by the United States Section.

(7) In any matter where the Fraser River Panel is unable to act because the United States Fraser River Panel members have been unable to reach a decision in accordance with paragraph (3) of this subsection, and upon a determination by the Chairman of the United States Section that an action of the Panel is required, the United States Section shall act for the United States Panel members in the Fraser River Panel.

(8) In any matter where the Secretary of State determines that the United States is in jeopardy of not fulfilling its international obligations under the Treaty, the Secretary of State shall so certify to the United States Section. Such certification shall include the reasons for such determination and shall specify the date by which a decision by the United States Section is desired. If the United States Section has not reached a decision by the date specified, the Secretary of State, after consultation with the Secretary and the Secretary of the Interior, shall report on the matter to the President.

(i) Consultation

In carrying out their functions under the Treaty, the Commissioners and Panel members may consult with such other interested parties as they consider appropriate. Chapter 10 of title 5 shall not apply.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §3, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 8; Pub. L. 99–5, §16(c), formerly Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(1) [title VI, §623(c)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-59, renumbered Pub. L. 109–479, title III, §302(d)(1), Jan. 12, 2007, 120 Stat. 3623; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §144(c)(5)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-239; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(118), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4318.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "Chapter 10 of title 5" for "The Federal Advisory Committee Act".

2000—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §144(c)(5)(A)], added subsec. (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §144(c)(5)(B), (C)], redesignated subsec. (f) as (g) and substituted "For the northern, southern, and Fraser River panels, the appointing authorities" for "The appointing authorities". Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §144(c)(5)(B)], redesignated subsec. (g) as (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i).

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §144(c)(5)(D)], substituted "northern, southern, and transboundary" for "northern and southern".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §144(c)(5)(B)], redesignated subsec. (h) as (i).

1999—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 99–5, §16(c)(1), formerly Pub. L. 106–113, §1000(a)(1) [title II, §623(c)(1)], as renumbered by Pub. L. 109–479, §302(d)(1), substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (2), the" for "The".

Subsec. (g)(2) to (8). Pub. L. 99–5, §16(c)(2), (3), formerly Pub. L. 106–113, §1000(a)(1) [title II, §623(c)(2), (3)], as renumbered by Pub. L. 109–479, §302(d)(1), added par. (2) and redesignated former pars. (2) to (7) as (3) to (8), respectively.

¹ So in original. Probably should be "State".

² So in original. The comma probably should not appear.

³ So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.

§3633. Authority and responsibility

(a) Secretary of State

The Secretary of State is authorized to—

(1) receive and transmit, on behalf of the United States, reports, requests, recommendations, proposals, and other communications of and to the Commission and Panels;

(2) in consultation with the Secretary and the Secretary of the Interior, approve, disapprove, object to, or withdraw objections to fishery regimes, including enhancement programs and Fraser River Panel regulations proposed in accordance with the Treaty, on the condition that the United States shall be obligated to carry out such regimes or regulations only to the extent that funds are made available for such purposes in appropriation Acts; and

(3) act upon, or refer to other appropriate authority, any communication referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection other than a proposed fishery regime or Fraser River Panel regulation.

(b) States and treaty Indian tribes

Recommendations of the Commission on fishery regimes or Fraser River Panel regulations approved by the Secretary of State pursuant to subsection (a)(2) shall be forwarded immediately to the States of Alaska, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho and to the treaty Indian tribes, as appropriate. In the exercise of their general fishery management authority, the States and treaty Indian tribes may adopt corresponding laws, regulations, or orders within their respective jurisdictions.

(c) Secretary of Commerce

In cooperation with the appropriate Regional Fishery Management Councils, States and treaty Indian tribes, the Secretary shall prepare, as appropriate, all statements, reports, and information required by the Treaty and submit such documents to the Secretary of State, who shall transmit them to the Commission.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §4, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 10.)

§3634. Interagency cooperation

(a) States, United States agencies, treaty Indian tribes, private institutions and organizations

In carrying out the provisions of the Treaty and this chapter, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, may arrange for cooperation with agencies of the United States, the States, treaty Indian tribes, private institutions and organizations, and may execute such memoranda as may be necessary to reflect such agreements.

(b) United States agencies; facilities and personnel

Agencies of the United States may cooperate in the conduct of scientific and other programs, and may furnish facilities and personnel, for the purposes of assisting the Commission and Panels in carrying out their responsibilities under the Treaty. Such agencies may accept reimbursement from the Commission for providing such services, facilities, and personnel.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §5, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 11.)

§3635. Preemption

If any State or treaty Indian tribe has taken any action, or omitted to take any action, the results of which place the United States in jeopardy of not fulfilling its international obligations under the Treaty, or any fishery regime or Fraser River Panel regulation adopted thereunder, the Secretary shall inform the State or tribe of the manner in which the action or inaction places the United States in jeopardy of not fulfilling its international obligations under the Treaty, of any remedial action which would relieve this concern, and of the intention to promulgate Federal regulations if such remedial actions are not undertaken within fifteen days unless an earlier action is required to avoid violation of United States Treaty obligations. Should United States action be required to meet Treaty obligations to Canada in respect to treaty Indian fisheries conducted in terminal areas subject to the continuing jurisdiction of a United States district court, such action shall be taken within the framework of such court jurisdiction. Otherwise, regulations may be promulgated by the Secretary pursuant to section 3636(a) of this title which shall supersede any State or treaty Indian tribal law, regulation or order determined by the Secretary to place the United States in jeopardy of not fulfilling its international obligations under the Treaty. Timely notice of all such determinations shall be disseminated by electronic media and shall be published in local newspapers in the major fishing ports affected and in the Federal Register. In order to enable the United States to fulfill its obligations under article IV(7) of the Treaty, the States of Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Washington and the treaty Indian tribes shall advise the Secretary of all pertinent laws or regulations pertaining to the harvest of Pacific salmon, together with such amendments thereto as may be adopted from time to time.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §6, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 11.)

§3636. Rulemaking

(a) Promulgation of regulations by Secretary of Commerce

The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating and the appropriate Regional Fishery Management Council, shall promulgate such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the United States international obligations under the Treaty and this chapter, pursuant to section 3635 of this title, as well as conforming amendatory regulations applicable to the United States Exclusive Economic Zone. Any such regulation may be made applicable, as necessary, to all persons and all vessels subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, wherever located. Such regulations as are necessary and appropriate to carry out obligations of the United States under the Treaty involve a foreign affairs function, and as such shall not be subject to sections 553 through 557 of title 5, or the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

(b) Additions to fishery regimes and Fraser River Panel regulations

The Secretary, in cooperation with the Regional Fishery Management Councils, States, and treaty Indian tribes, may promulgate regulations applicable to nationals or vessels of the United States, or both, which are in addition to, and not in conflict with, fishery regimes and Fraser River Panel regulations adopted under the Treaty. Such regulations shall not discriminate between residents of different States.

(c) Judicial review

Regulations promulgated by the Secretary under this chapter shall be subject to judicial review by the district courts of the United States to the extent authorized by, and in accordance with, chapter 7 of title 5; except that section 705 of such title is not applicable, and the appropriate court shall only set aside any such regulation on a ground specified in section 706(2)(A), (B), (C), or (D) of such title. A civil action filed pursuant to this section shall be assigned for hearing at the earliest possible date, shall take precedence over other matters pending on the docket of the United States district court at that time, and shall be expedited in every way by such court and any appellate court.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §7, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 12; Pub. L. 102–251, title III, §306(b), Mar. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 66.)

Amendment of Subsection (a)

Pub. L. 102–251, title III, §§306(b), 308, Mar. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 66, provided that, effective on the date on which the Agreement between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990, enters into force for the United States, with authority to prescribe implementing regulations effective Mar. 9, 1992, but with no such regulation to be effective until the date on which the Agreement enters into force for the United States, subsection (a) is amended by inserting "and special areas" after "Exclusive Economic Zone".

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The National Environmental Policy Act, referred to in subsec. (a), probably means the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–251 effective on date on which Agreement between United States and Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990, enters into force for United States, with authority to prescribe implementing regulations effective Mar. 9, 1992, but with no such regulation to be effective until date on which Agreement enters into force for United States, see section 308 of Pub. L. 102–251, set out as a note under section 773 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

§3637. Prohibited acts and penalties

(a) Unlawful acts

It is unlawful for any person or vessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United States—

(1) to violate any provision of this chapter, or of any regulation adopted hereunder, or of any Fraser River Panel regulation approved by the United States under the Treaty;

(2) to refuse to permit any officer authorized to enforce the provisions of this chapter to board a fishing vessel subject to such person's control for purposes of conducting any search, investigation, or inspection in connection with the enforcement of this chapter;

(3) to forcibly assault, resist, oppose, impede, intimidate, or interfere with any such authorized officer in the conduct of any search, investigation, or inspection described in paragraph (2);

(4) to resist a lawful arrest for any act prohibited by this section;

(5) to ship, transport, offer for sale, sell, purchase, import, export, or have custody, control, or possession of, any fish taken or retained in violation of this chapter;

(6) to interfere with, delay, or prevent, by any means, the apprehension or arrest of another person, knowing that such other person has committed any act prohibited by this section.

(b) Additional prohibitions and enforcement

For additional prohibitions relating to this chapter and enforcement of this chapter, see section 1826g of this title.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §8, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 12; Pub. L. 114–81, title I, §104, Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 657.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–81, §104(1)(B), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to "this chapter".

Pub. L. 114–81, §104(1)(A), inserted ", investigation," after "search".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 114–81, §104(2), inserted ", investigation," after "search" and substituted "paragraph (2);" for "subparagraph (2);".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 114–81, §104(3), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears as a reference to "this chapter" and struck out "or" at end.

Subsecs. (b) to (f). Pub. L. 114–81, §104(4), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsecs. (b) to (f), which related to civil penalty, criminal penalty, forfeiture, enforcement authority, and jurisdiction.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

§3638. General standard

All actions taken under sections 3632(g),¹ 3633, 3635, and 3636 of this title shall—

(a) take into account the best scientific information available;

(b) result in measures necessary and appropriate for the conservation, management, utilization and development of the Pacific salmon resource, with due consideration of social and economic concerns; and

(c) be consistent with United States obligations under the Treaty, domestic Indian treaties and other applicable law.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §9, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 13.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 3632(g) of this title, referred to in text, was redesignated section 3632(h) of this title by Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §144(c)(5)(B)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-239.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§3639. Advisory committee

(a) Appointment; membership

The United States Section shall appoint an advisory committee of not less than twelve but not more than twenty members who are knowledgeable and experienced with respect to fisheries subject to the Treaty. One-half the membership of the committee shall be residents of the State of Alaska and one member shall be a resident of the State of Idaho. Each member shall serve a term of two years and shall be eligible for reappointment.

(b) Functions

Members of the advisory committee may attend all public meetings of the Commission and Panels and all nonexecutive sessions of the United States Section and United States Panel sections. At nonexecutive meetings of the United States Section and United States Panel sections, members of the advisory committee shall be given the opportunity to examine and to be heard on any nonadministrative matter under consideration.

(c) Compensation

The members of the advisory committee shall receive no compensation for their services as such members.

(d) Meetings

The Chairman of the United States Section shall call a meeting of the advisory committee at least one time each year.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §10, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 13.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Advisory Committees

Advisory committees established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

§3640. Administrative matters

(a) Compensation of Commissioners and Alternate Commissioners

Commissioners and Alternate Commissioners who are not State or Federal employees shall receive compensation at the daily rate of GS–18 of the General Schedule when engaged in the actual performance of duties for the United States Section or for the Commission.

(b) Compensation of Panel Members and Alternate Panel Members

Panel Members and Alternate Panel Members who are not State or Federal employees shall receive compensation at the daily rate of GS–16 of the General Schedule when engaged in the actual performance of duties for the United States Section or for the Commission.

(c) Travel; other expenses

Travel and other necessary expenses shall be paid for all United States Commissioners, Alternate Commissioners, Panel Members, Alternate Panel Members, members of the Joint Technical Committee, and members of the Advisory Committee when engaged in the actual performance of duties for the United States Section or for the Commission.

(d) Individuals not considered Federal employees

Except for officials of the United States Government, such individuals shall not be considered to be Federal employees while engaged in the actual performance of duties for the United States Section or for the Commission, except for the purposes of injury compensation or tort claims liability as provided in chapter 81 of title 5 and chapter 71 ¹ of title 28.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §11, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 14.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References in Other Laws to GS–16, 17, or 18 Pay Rates

References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of Title 5.

¹ So in original. Probably should be chapter "171".

§3641. Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated from time to time such sums as may be necessary for carrying out the purposes and provisions of the Treaty and this chapter including—

(a) necessary travel expenses of the Commissioners, Panel members, alternate Commissioners, alternate Panel members, United States members of joint technical committees established under article IV of the Treaty, and advisory committee members in accordance with the Federal Travel Regulations and sections 5701, 5702, 5704 through 5708, and 5731 of title 5;

(b) the United States share of the joint expenses of the Commission: Provided, That the United States Commissioners and Panel members and alternates shall not, with respect to commitments concerning the United States share of the joint expenses of the Organization, be subject to section 262b of title 22 insofar as it limits the authority of United States representatives to international organizations with respect to such commitments;

(c) amounts for research, enhancement, and other activities necessary to carry out the purposes of the Treaty and this chapter; and

(d) such amounts as may be due to settle accounts upon termination of the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §12, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 14.)

§3642. Disposition of property of International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission

The Secretary of State shall dispose of any United States property held by the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission on the date of its termination in a manner which would further the purposes of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §13 (part), Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 15.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section consists of a part of section 13 of Pub. L. 99–5. The remainder of section 13 of Pub. L. 99–5 provided for the repeal, effective Dec. 31, 1985, of the Sockeye Salmon or Pink Salmon Fishing Act of 1947, act July 29, 1947, ch. 345, 61 Stat. 511, as amended, which was classified to chapter 10A (§776 et seq.) of this title.

§3643. Savings provision

This chapter shall not be interpreted or applied so as to affect or modify rights established in existing Indian treaties and other existing Federal laws, including the Order entered in Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakima Indian Nation v. Baldrige, Civil No. 80–342 (WD WASH.). This section shall not be interpreted or applied so as to affect or modify any rights or obligations of the United States pursuant to the Treaty.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §14, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 15.)

§3644. Restriction on spending authority

New spending authority or authority to enter into contracts provided in this chapter shall be effective only to such extent, or in such amounts, as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts.

(Pub. L. 99–5, §15, Mar. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 15.)

§3645. Northern and Southern Funds; treaty implementation; additional authorization of appropriations

(a) Northern Fund and Southern Fund

(1) As provided in the June 30, 1999, Agreement of the United States and Canada on the Treaty Between the Government of the United States and the Government of Canada Concerning Pacific Salmon, 1985 (hereafter referred to as the "1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement") there are hereby established a Northern Boundary and Transboundary Rivers Restoration and Enhancement Fund (hereafter referred to as the "Northern Fund") and a Southern Boundary Restoration and Enhancement Fund (hereafter referred to as the "Southern Fund") to be held by the Pacific Salmon Commission. The Northern Fund and Southern Fund shall be invested in interest bearing accounts, bonds, securities, or other investments in order to achieve the highest annual yield consistent with protecting the principal of each Fund. Income from investments made pursuant to this paragraph shall be available until expended, without appropriation or fiscal year limitation, for programs and activities relating to salmon restoration and enhancement, salmon research, the conservation of salmon habitat, and implementation of the Pacific Salmon Treaty and related agreements. Amounts provided by grants under this subsection may be held in interest bearing accounts prior to the disbursement of such funds for program purposes, and any interest earned may be retained for program purposes without further appropriation. The Northern Fund and Southern Fund are subject to the laws governing Federal appropriations and funds and to unrestricted circulars of the Office of Management and Budget. Recipients of amounts from either Fund shall keep separate accounts and such records as are reasonably necessary to disclose the use of the funds as well as to facilitate effective audits.

(2) Fund Management.—

(A) As provided in the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, amounts made available from the Northern Fund pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be administered by a Northern Fund Committee, which shall be comprised of three representatives of the Government of Canada, and three representatives of the United States. The three United States representatives shall be the United States Commissioner and Alternate Commissioner appointed (or designated) from a list submitted by the Governor of Alaska for appointment to the Pacific Salmon Commission and the Regional Administrator of the National Marine Fisheries Service for the Alaska Region. Only programs and activities consistent with the purposes in paragraph (1) which affect the geographic area from Cape Caution, Canada to Cape Suckling, Alaska may be approved for funding by the Northern Fund Committee.

(B) As provided in the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, amounts made available from the Southern Fund pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be administered by a Southern Fund Committee, which shall be comprised of three representatives of Canada and three representatives of the United States. The United States representatives shall be appointed by the Secretary of Commerce: one shall be selected from a list of three qualified individuals submitted by the Governors of the States of Washington and Oregon; one shall be selected from a list of three qualified individuals submitted by the treaty Indian tribes (as defined by the Secretary of Commerce); and one shall be the Regional Administrator of the National Marine Fisheries Service for the Northwest Region. Only programs and activities consistent with the purposes in paragraph (1) which affect the geographic area south of Cape Caution, Canada may be approved for funding by the Southern Fund Committee.

(b) Pacific Salmon Treaty implementation

(1) None of the funds authorized by this section for implementation of the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement shall be made available until each of the following conditions to the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement has been fulfilled—

(A) stipulations are revised and court orders requested as set forth in the letter of understanding of the United States negotiators dated June 22, 1999. If such orders are not requested by December 31, 1999, this condition shall be considered unfulfilled; and

(B) a determination is made that—

(i) the entry by the United States into the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement;

(ii) the conduct of the Alaskan fisheries pursuant to the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, without further clarification or modification of the management regimes contained therein; and

(iii) the decision by the North Pacific Fisheries Management Council to continue to defer its management authority over salmon to the State of Alaska are not likely to cause jeopardy to, or adversely modify designated critical habitat of, any salmonid species listed under Public Law 93–205, as amended [16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.], in any fishery subject to the Pacific Salmon Treaty.

(2) If the requests for orders in subparagraph (1)(A) are withdrawn after December 31, 1999, or if such orders are not entered by March 1, 2000, amounts in the Northern Fund and the Southern Fund shall be transferred to the general fund of the United States Treasury.

(3) During the term of the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, the Secretary of Commerce shall determine whether Southern United States fisheries are likely to cause jeopardy to, or adversely modify designated critical habitat of, any salmonid species listed under Public Law 93–205, as amended, before the Secretary of Commerce may initiate or reinitiate consultation on Alaska fisheries under such Act.

(4) During the term of the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, the Secretary of Commerce may not initiate or reinitiate consultation on Alaska fisheries under section 7 of Public Law 93–205, as amended [16 U.S.C. 1536], until—

(A) the Pacific Salmon Commission has had a reasonable opportunity to implement the provisions of the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, including the harvest responses pursuant to paragraph 9, chapter 3 of Annex IV to the Pacific Salmon Treaty; and

(B) he determines, in consultation with the United States Section of the Pacific Salmon Commission, that implementation actions under the 1999 Agreement will not return escapements as expeditiously as possible to maximum sustainable yield or other biologically-based escapement objectives agreed to by the Pacific Salmon Commission.

(5) The Secretary of Commerce shall notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives of his intent to initiate or reinitiate consultation on Alaska fisheries.

(6)(A) For purposes of this section, "Alaska fisheries" means all directed Pacific salmon fisheries off the coast of Alaska that are subject to the Pacific Salmon Treaty.

(B) For purposes of this section, "Southern United States fisheries" means all directed Pacific salmon fisheries in Washington, Oregon, and the Snake River basin of Idaho that are subject to the Pacific Salmon Treaty.

(c) Omitted

(d) Authorization of appropriations

(1) Pacific Salmon Treaty

(A) For capitalizing the Northern Fund there is authorized to be appropriated in fiscal years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003 a total of $75,000,000.

(B) For capitalizing the Southern Fund there is authorized to be appropriated in fiscal years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003 a total of $65,000,000.

(C) To provide economic adjustment assistance to fishermen pursuant to the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement, there is authorized to be appropriated in fiscal years 2000, 2001, and 2002 a total of $30,000,000.

(2) Pacific coastal salmon recovery

(A) For salmon habitat restoration, salmon stock enhancement, sustainable salmon fisheries, and salmon research, including the construction of salmon research and related facilities, there is authorized to be appropriated for each of fiscal years 2000, 2001, 2002, and ¹ 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009, $90,000,000 to the States of Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, and California. Amounts appropriated pursuant to this subparagraph shall be made available as direct payments. The State of Alaska may allocate a portion of any funds it receives under this subsection to eligible activities outside Alaska.

(B) For salmon habitat restoration, salmon stock enhancement, salmon research, and supplementation activities, there is authorized to be appropriated in each of fiscal years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003, $10,000,000 to be divided between the Pacific Coastal tribes (as defined by the Secretary of Commerce) and the Columbia River tribes (as defined by the Secretary of Commerce).

(Pub. L. 99–5, §16, formerly Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(1) [title VI, §623], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-56; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title VI, §628], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A-108; Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title II, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2881; renumbered Pub. L. 99–5, §16, and amended Pub. L. 109–479, title III, §302(d), Jan. 12, 2007, 120 Stat. 3623; Pub. L. 111–8, div. B, title I, §110, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 569.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Public Law 93–205, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iii), (3), is Pub. L. 93–205, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 884, known as the Endangered Species Act of 1973, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1531 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1531 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of section 16 of Pub. L. 99–5. Section 16(c) of Pub. L. 99–5 amended section 3632 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–479, §302(d)(1), which directed that the text of section 623 of title VI of H.R. 3421 (113 Stat. 1501A–56), as introduced on November 17, 1999, enacted into law by section 1000(a)(1) of Pub. L. 106–113 and amended by Pub. L. 106–533, 114 Stat. 2762A–108, be transferred to and renumbered as section 16 of the Pacific Salmon Treaty Act, was executed by transferring Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(1) [title VI, §623], as amended by Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title VI, §628], to and renumbering it as section 16 of Pub. L. 99–5, which is the Pacific Salmon Treaty Act of 1985, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See source credit above.

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 111–8, which directed amendment of "Section (d)(2)(A) of title 16 U.S.C. 3645" by inserting "Nevada," after "Idaho,", was executed by making the amendment to section 16 of Pub. L. 99–5, which is classified to this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

2007—Pub. L. 109–479, §302(d)(1)(B)(ii), inserted section catchline.

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–479, §302(d)(2), inserted "sustainable salmon fisheries," after "enhancement,", "2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009," after "2003,", and "Idaho," after "Oregon,".

2004—Pub. L. 108–447, which directed the amendment of section 628(2)(A) of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001, Pub. L. 106–553, by substituting "2005" for "2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003" and inserting "Idaho," after "Oregon,", was not executed, because this section was enacted by Pub. L. 106–113, and section 628 of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001, was an amendatory provision. See 2007 Amendment note above and 2000 Amendment note below.

2000—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title VI, §628(a)], which directed the amendment of par. (1) by striking out "The Northern Fund and Southern Fund shall each receive $10,000,000 of the amounts authorized by this section.", was executed by striking out "The Northern Fund and Southern Fund shall each receive $10,000,000, of the amounts authorized by this section." after the second sentence, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title VI, §628(b)], added subsec. (d) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (d). Text read as follows:

"(1) For capitalizing the Northern Fund and the Southern Fund, there is authorized to be appropriated in fiscal year 2000, $20,000,000.

"(2) For salmon habitat restoration, salmon stock enhancement, salmon research, and implementation of the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement and related agreements, there is authorized to be appropriated in fiscal year 2000, $50,000,000 to the States of California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska. The State of Alaska may allocate a portion of any funds it receives under this subsection to eligible activities outside Alaska.

"(3) For salmon habitat restoration, salmon stock enhancement, salmon research, and implementation of the 1999 Pacific Salmon Treaty Agreement and related agreements, there is authorized to be appropriated $6,000,000 in fiscal year 2000 to the Pacific Coastal tribes (as defined by the Secretary of Commerce) and $2,000,000 in fiscal year 2000 to the Columbia River tribes (as defined by the Secretary of Commerce).

Funds appropriated to the States under the authority of this section shall be subject to a 25 percent non-Federal match requirement. In addition, not more than 3 percent of such funds shall be available for administrative expenses, with the exception of funds used in the Washington State for the Forest and Fish Agreement."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Resources of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.

¹ So in original. The word "and" probably should not appear.