SUBCHAPTER VI—EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Part A—Adult Education for Homeless

§11421. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–220, title I, §199(b)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059

Section, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §701, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §322, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3956, related to State literacy initiatives.

A prior section 11421, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §702, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 100–297, title VI, §6001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 423; Pub. L. 100–628, title VII, §701, Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3244; Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §611, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4734, related to State literacy initiatives, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 103–382.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 105–220, title I, §199(c)(2)(A), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059, which provided that the repeal made by subsection (b)(1) (repealing sections 11421, 11461 to 11466, 11471, and 11472 of this title) would take effect on July 1, 1999, was repealed by Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705.

Part B—Education for Homeless Children and Youths

§11431. Statement of policy

The following is the policy of the Congress:

(1) Each State educational agency shall ensure that each child of a homeless individual and each homeless youth has equal access to the same free, appropriate public education, including a public preschool education, as provided to other children and youths.

(2) In any State where compulsory residency requirements or other requirements, in laws, regulations, practices, or policies, may act as a barrier to the identification of, or the enrollment, attendance, or success in school of, homeless children and youths, the State educational agency and local educational agencies in the State will review and undertake steps to revise such laws, regulations, practices, or policies to ensure that homeless children and youths are afforded the same free, appropriate public education as provided to other children and youths.

(3) Homelessness is not sufficient reason to separate students from the mainstream school environment.

(4) Homeless children and youths should have access to the education and other services that such children and youths need to ensure that such children and youths have an opportunity to meet the same challenging State academic standards to which all students are held.

(Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §721, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1032, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1989; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9101, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2124.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 11431, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §721, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §323, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3957, stated policy of Congress, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 107–110.

Another prior section 11431, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §721, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §612(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4735, stated policy of Congress, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

2015—Par. (2). Pub. L. 114–95, §9101(1), substituted "In any State where compulsory residency requirements or other requirements, in laws, regulations, practices, or policies, may act as a barrier to the identification of, or the enrollment, attendance, or success in school of, homeless children and youths, the State educational agency and local educational agencies in the State will review" for "In any State that has a compulsory residency requirement as a component of the State's compulsory school attendance laws or other laws, regulations, practices, or policies that may act as a barrier to the enrollment, attendance, or success in school of homeless children and youths, the State will review".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 114–95, §9101(2), struck out "alone" after "Homelessness".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 114–95, §9101(3), substituted "challenging State academic standards" for "challenging State student academic achievement standards".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9107, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2137, provided that: "Except as provided in section 9105(b) [set out as a note under section 11434a of this title] or as otherwise provided in this Act [see Tables for classification], this title [probably means "this part", meaning part A (§§9101–9107) of title IX of Pub. L. 114–95, amending this section and sections 11432 to 11435 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 11434a of this title] and the amendments made by this title take effect on October 1, 2016."

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.

§11432. Grants for State and local activities for the education of homeless children and youths

(a) General authority

The Secretary is authorized to make grants to States in accordance with the provisions of this section to enable such States to carry out the activities described in subsections (d) through (g).

(b) Grants from allotments

The Secretary shall make the grants to States from the allotments made under subsection (c)(1).

(c) Allocation and reservations

(1) Allocation

(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary is authorized to allot to each State an amount that bears the same ratio to the amount appropriated for such year under section 11435 of this title that remains after the Secretary reserves funds under paragraph (2) and uses funds to carry out section 11434(d) and (h) of this title, as the amount allocated under section 1122 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6332] to the State for that year bears to the total amount allocated under section 1122 of such Act to all States for that year, except that no State shall receive less than the greater of—

(i) $150,000;

(ii) one-fourth of 1 percent of the amount appropriated under section 11435 of this title for that year; or

(iii) the amount such State received under this section for fiscal year 2001.

(B) If there are insufficient funds in a fiscal year to allot to each State the minimum amount under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall ratably reduce the allotments to all States based on the proportionate share that each State received under this subsection for the preceding fiscal year.

(2) Reservations

(A) The Secretary is authorized to reserve 0.1 percent of the amount appropriated for each fiscal year under section 11435 of this title to be allocated by the Secretary among the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, according to their respective need for assistance under this part, as determined by the Secretary.

(B)(i) The Secretary shall transfer 1 percent of the amount appropriated for each fiscal year under section 11435 of this title to the Department of the Interior for programs for Indian students served by schools funded by the Secretary of the Interior, as determined under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450 et seq.),¹ that are consistent with the purposes of the programs described in this part.

(ii) The Secretary and the Secretary of the Interior shall enter into an agreement, consistent with the requirements of this part, for the distribution and use of the funds described in clause (i) under terms that the Secretary determines best meet the purposes of the programs described in this part. Such agreement shall set forth the plans of the Secretary of the Interior for the use of the amounts transferred, including appropriate goals, objectives, and milestones.

(3) State defined

For purposes of this subsection, the term "State" does not include the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

(d) Activities

Grants under this section shall be used for the following:

(1) To carry out the policies set forth in section 11431 of this title in the State.

(2) To provide services and activities to improve the identification of homeless children and youths (including preschool-aged homeless children) and enable such children and youths to enroll in, attend, and succeed in school, including, if appropriate, in preschool programs.

(3) To establish or designate in the State educational agency an Office of the Coordinator for Education of Homeless Children and Youths that can sufficiently carry out the duties described for the Office in this part in accordance with subsection (f).

(4) To prepare and carry out the State plan described in subsection (g).

(5) To develop and implement professional development programs for liaisons designated under subsection (g)(1)(J)(ii) and other local educational agency personnel—

(A) to improve their identification of homeless children and youths; and

(B) to heighten the awareness of the liaisons and personnel of, and their capacity to respond to, specific needs in the education of homeless children and youths.

(e) State and local subgrants

(1) Minimum disbursements by States

From the sums made available each year to a State through grants under subsection (a) to carry out this part, the State educational agency shall distribute not less than 75 percent in subgrants to local educational agencies for the purposes of carrying out section 11433 of this title, except that States funded at the minimum level set forth in subsection (c)(1) shall distribute not less than 50 percent in subgrants to local educational agencies for the purposes of carrying out section 11433 of this title.

(2) Use by State educational agency

A State educational agency may use the grant funds remaining after the State educational agency distributes subgrants under paragraph (1) to conduct activities under subsection (f) directly or through grants or contracts.

(3) Prohibition on segregating homeless students

(A) In general

Except as provided in subparagraph (B) and section 11433(a)(2)(B)(ii) of this title, in providing a free public education to a homeless child or youth, no State receiving funds under this part shall segregate such child or youth in a separate school, or in a separate program within a school, based on such child's or youth's status as homeless.

(B) Exception

Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), paragraphs (1)(J)(i) and (3) of subsection (g), section 11433(a)(2) of this title, and any other provision of this part relating to the placement of homeless children or youths in schools, a State that has a separate school for homeless children or youths that was operated in fiscal year 2000 in a covered county shall be eligible to receive funds under this part for programs carried out in such school if—

(i) the school meets the requirements of subparagraph (C);

(ii) any local educational agency serving a school that the homeless children and youths enrolled in the separate school are eligible to attend meets the requirements of subparagraph (E); and

(iii) the State is otherwise eligible to receive funds under this part.

(C) School requirements

For the State to be eligible under subparagraph (B) to receive funds under this part, the school described in such subparagraph shall—

(i) provide written notice, at the time any child or youth seeks enrollment in such school, and at least twice annually while the child or youth is enrolled in such school, to the parent or guardian of the child or youth (or, in the case of an unaccompanied youth, the youth) that—

(I) shall be signed by the parent or guardian (or, in the case of an unaccompanied youth, the youth);

(II) sets forth the general rights provided under this part;

(III) specifically states—

(aa) the choice of schools homeless children and youths are eligible to attend, as provided in subsection (g)(3)(A);

(bb) that no homeless child or youth is required to attend a separate school for homeless children or youths;

(cc) that homeless children and youths shall be provided comparable services described in subsection (g)(4), including transportation services, educational services, and meals through school meals programs; and

(dd) that homeless children and youths should not be stigmatized by school personnel; and

(IV) provides contact information for the local liaison for homeless children and youths and the State Coordinator for Education of Homeless Children and Youths;

(ii)(I) provide assistance to the parent or guardian of each homeless child or youth (or, in the case of an unaccompanied youth, the youth) to exercise the right to attend the parent's or guardian's (or youth's) choice of schools, as provided in subsection (g)(3)(A); and

(II) coordinate with the local educational agency with jurisdiction for the school selected by the parent or guardian (or youth), to provide transportation and other necessary services;

(iii) ensure that the parent or guardian (or, in the case of an unaccompanied youth, the youth) shall receive the information required by this subparagraph in a manner and form understandable to such parent or guardian (or youth), including, if necessary and to the extent feasible, in the native language of such parent or guardian (or youth); and

(iv) demonstrate in the school's application for funds under this part that such school—

(I) is complying with clauses (i) and (ii); and

(II) is meeting (as of the date of submission of the application) the same Federal and State standards, regulations, and mandates as other public schools in the State (such as complying with section 1111 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6311] and providing a full range of education and related services, including services applicable to students with disabilities).

(D) School ineligibility

A separate school described in subparagraph (B) that fails to meet the standards, regulations, and mandates described in subparagraph (C)(iv)(II) shall not be eligible to receive funds under this part for programs carried out in such school after the first date of such failure.

(E) Local educational agency requirements

For the State to be eligible to receive the funds described in subparagraph (B), the local educational agency described in subparagraph (B)(ii) shall—

(i) implement a coordinated system for ensuring that homeless children and youths—

(I) are advised of the choice of schools provided in subsection (g)(3)(A);

(II) are immediately enrolled, in accordance with subsection (g)(3)(C), in the school selected under subsection (g)(3)(A); and

(III) are promptly provided necessary services described in subsection (g)(4), including transportation, to allow homeless children and youths to exercise their choices of schools under subsection (g)(3)(A);

(ii) document that written notice has been provided—

(I) in accordance with subparagraph (C)(i) for each child or youth enrolled in a separate school under subparagraph (B); and

(II) in accordance with subsection (g)(6)(A)(vi);

(iii) prohibit schools within the agency's jurisdiction from referring homeless children or youths to, or requiring homeless children and youths to enroll in or attend, a separate school described in subparagraph (B);

(iv) identify and remove any barriers that exist in schools within the agency's jurisdiction that may have contributed to the creation or existence of separate schools described in subparagraph (B); and

(v) not use funds received under this part to establish—

(I) new or additional separate schools for homeless children or youths; or

(II) new or additional sites for separate schools for homeless children or youths, other than the sites occupied by the schools described in subparagraph (B) in fiscal year 2000.

(F) Report

(i) Preparation

The Secretary shall prepare a report on the separate schools and local educational agencies described in subparagraph (B) that receive funds under this part in accordance with this paragraph. The report shall contain, at a minimum, information on—

(I) compliance with all requirements of this paragraph;

(II) barriers to school access in the school districts served by the local educational agencies;

(III) the progress the separate schools are making in integrating homeless children and youths into the mainstream school environment, including the average length of student enrollment in such schools; and

(IV) the progress the separate schools are making in helping all students meet the challenging State academic standards.

(ii) Compliance with information requests

For purposes of enabling the Secretary to prepare the report, the separate schools and local educational agencies shall cooperate with the Secretary and the State Coordinator for Education of Homeless Children and Youths established in the State under subsection (d)(3), and shall comply with any requests for information by the Secretary and State Coordinator for such State.

(iii) Submission

The Secretary shall submit the report described in clause (i) to—

(I) the President;

(II) the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives; and

(III) the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate.

(G) Definition

For purposes of this paragraph, the term "covered county" means—

(i) San Joaquin County, California;

(ii) Orange County, California;

(iii) San Diego County, California; and

(iv) Maricopa County, Arizona.

(f) Functions of the Office of the Coordinator

The Coordinator for Education of Homeless Children and Youths established in each State shall—

(1) gather and make publicly available reliable, valid, and comprehensive information on—

(A) the number of homeless children and youths identified in the State, which shall be posted annually on the State educational agency's website;

(B) the nature and extent of the problems homeless children and youths have in gaining access to public preschool programs and to public elementary schools and secondary schools;

(C) the difficulties in identifying the special needs and barriers to the participation and achievement of such children and youths;

(D) any progress made by the State educational agency and local educational agencies in the State in addressing such problems and difficulties; and

(E) the success of the programs under this part in identifying homeless children and youths and allowing such children and youths to enroll in, attend, and succeed in, school;

(2) develop and carry out the State plan described in subsection (g);

(3) collect data for and transmit to the Secretary, at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may reasonably require, a report containing information necessary to assess the educational needs of homeless children and youths within the State, including data necessary for the Secretary to fulfill the responsibilities under section 11434(h) of this title;

(4) in order to improve the provision of comprehensive education and related services to homeless children and youths and their families, coordinate activities and collaborate with—

(A) educators, including teachers, special education personnel, administrators, and child development and preschool program personnel;

(B) providers of services to homeless children and youths and their families, including public and private child welfare and social services agencies, law enforcement agencies, juvenile and family courts, agencies providing mental health services, domestic violence agencies, child care providers, runaway and homeless youth centers, and providers of services and programs funded under the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5701 et seq.); ¹

(C) providers of emergency, transitional, and permanent housing to homeless children and youths, and their families, including public housing agencies, shelter operators, operators of transitional housing facilities, and providers of transitional living programs for homeless youths;

(D) local educational agency liaisons designated under subsection (g)(1)(J)(ii) for homeless children and youths; and

(E) community organizations and groups representing homeless children and youths and their families;

(5) provide technical assistance to and conduct monitoring of local educational agencies in coordination with local educational agency liaisons designated under subsection (g)(1)(J)(ii), to ensure that local educational agencies comply with the requirements of subsection (e)(3) and paragraphs (3) through (7) of subsection (g);

(6) provide professional development opportunities for local educational agency personnel and the local educational agency liaison designated under subsection (g)(1)(J)(ii) to assist such personnel and liaison in identifying and meeting the needs of homeless children and youths, and provide training on the definitions of terms related to homelessness specified in sections 11302, 11360, and 11434a of this title to the liaison; and

(7) respond to inquiries from parents and guardians of homeless children and youths, and (in the case of unaccompanied youths) such youths, to ensure that each child or youth who is the subject of such an inquiry receives the full protections and services provided by this part.

(g) State plan

(1) In general

For any State desiring to receive a grant under this part, the State educational agency shall submit to the Secretary a plan to provide for the education of homeless children and youths within the State. Such plan shall include the following:

(A) A description of how such children and youths are (or will be) given the opportunity to meet the same challenging State academic standards as all students are expected to meet.

(B) A description of the procedures the State educational agency will use to identify such children and youths in the State and to assess their needs.

(C) A description of procedures for the prompt resolution of disputes regarding the educational placement of homeless children and youths.

(D) A description of programs for school personnel (including liaisons designated under subparagraph (J)(ii), principals and other school leaders, attendance officers, teachers, enrollment personnel, and specialized instructional support personnel) to heighten the awareness of such school personnel of the specific needs of homeless children and youths, including such children and youths who are runaway and homeless youths.

(E) A description of procedures that ensure that homeless children and youths who meet the relevant eligibility criteria are able to participate in Federal, State, or local nutrition programs.

(F) A description of procedures that ensure that—

(i) homeless children have access to public preschool programs, administered by the State educational agency or local educational agency, as provided to other children in the State;

(ii) youths described in section 11434a(2) of this title and youths separated from public schools are identified and accorded equal access to appropriate secondary education and support services, including by identifying and removing barriers that prevent youths described in this clause from receiving appropriate credit for full or partial coursework satisfactorily completed while attending a prior school, in accordance with State, local, and school policies; and

(iii) homeless children and youths who meet the relevant eligibility criteria do not face barriers to accessing academic and extracurricular activities, including magnet school, summer school, career and technical education, advanced placement, online learning, and charter school programs, if such programs are available at the State and local levels.

(G) Strategies to address problems identified in the report provided to the Secretary under subsection (f)(3).

(H) Strategies to address other problems with respect to the education of homeless children and youths, including problems resulting from enrollment delays that are caused by—

(i) requirements of immunization and other required health records;

(ii) residency requirements;

(iii) lack of birth certificates, school records, or other documentation;

(iv) guardianship issues; or

(v) uniform or dress code requirements.

(I) A demonstration that the State educational agency and local educational agencies in the State have developed, and shall review and revise, policies to remove barriers to the identification of homeless children and youths, and the enrollment and retention of homeless children and youths in schools in the State, including barriers to enrollment and retention due to outstanding fees or fines, or absences.

(J) Assurances that the following will be carried out:

(i) The State educational agency and local educational agencies in the State will adopt policies and practices to ensure that homeless children and youths are not stigmatized or segregated on the basis of their status as homeless.

(ii) The local educational agencies will designate an appropriate staff person, able to carry out the duties described in paragraph (6)(A), who may also be a coordinator for other Federal programs, as a local educational agency liaison for homeless children and youths.

(iii) The State and the local educational agencies in the State will adopt policies and practices to ensure that transportation is provided, at the request of the parent or guardian (or in the case of an unaccompanied youth, the liaison), to and from the school of origin (as determined under paragraph (3)), in accordance with the following, as applicable:

(I) If the child or youth continues to live in the area served by the local educational agency in which the school of origin is located, the child's or youth's transportation to and from the school of origin shall be provided or arranged by the local educational agency in which the school of origin is located.

(II) If the child's or youth's living arrangements in the area served by the local educational agency of origin terminate and the child or youth, though continuing the child's or youth's education in the school of origin, begins living in an area served by another local educational agency, the local educational agency of origin and the local educational agency in which the child or youth is living shall agree upon a method to apportion the responsibility and costs for providing the child or youth with transportation to and from the school of origin. If the local educational agencies are unable to agree upon such method, the responsibility and costs for transportation shall be shared equally.

(iv) The State and the local educational agencies in the State will adopt policies and practices to ensure participation by liaisons described in clause (ii) in professional development and other technical assistance activities provided pursuant to paragraphs (5) and (6) of subsection (f), as determined appropriate by the Office of the Coordinator.

(K) A description of how youths described in section 11434a(2) of this title will receive assistance from counselors to advise such youths, and prepare and improve the readiness of such youths for college.

(2) Compliance

(A) In general

Each plan adopted under this subsection shall also describe how the State will ensure that local educational agencies in the State will comply with the requirements of paragraphs (3) through (7).

(B) Coordination

Such plan shall indicate what technical assistance the State will furnish to local educational agencies and how compliance efforts will be coordinated with the local educational agency liaisons designated under paragraph (1)(J)(ii).

(3) Local educational agency requirements

(A) In general

The local educational agency serving each child or youth to be assisted under this part shall, according to the child's or youth's best interest—

(i) continue the child's or youth's education in the school of origin for the duration of homelessness—

(I) in any case in which a family becomes homeless between academic years or during an academic year; and

(II) for the remainder of the academic year, if the child or youth becomes permanently housed during an academic year; or

(ii) enroll the child or youth in any public school that nonhomeless students who live in the attendance area in which the child or youth is actually living are eligible to attend.

(B) School stability

In determining the best interest of the child or youth under subparagraph (A), the local educational agency shall—

(i) presume that keeping the child or youth in the school of origin is in the child's or youth's best interest, except when doing so is contrary to the request of the child's or youth's parent or guardian, or (in the case of an unaccompanied youth) the youth;

(ii) consider student-centered factors related to the child's or youth's best interest, including factors related to the impact of mobility on achievement, education, health, and safety of homeless children and youth, giving priority to the request of the child's or youth's parent or guardian or (in the case of an unaccompanied youth) the youth;

(iii) if, after conducting the best interest determination based on consideration of the presumption in clause (i) and the student-centered factors in clause (ii), the local educational agency determines that it is not in the child's or youth's best interest to attend the school of origin or the school requested by the parent or guardian, or (in the case of an unaccompanied youth) the youth, provide the child's or youth's parent or guardian or the unaccompanied youth with a written explanation of the reasons for its determination, in a manner and form understandable to such parent, guardian, or unaccompanied youth, including information regarding the right to appeal under subparagraph (E); and

(iv) in the case of an unaccompanied youth, ensure that the local educational agency liaison designated under paragraph (1)(J)(ii) assists in placement or enrollment decisions under this subparagraph, gives priority to the views of such unaccompanied youth, and provides notice to such youth of the right to appeal under subparagraph (E).

(C) Immediate enrollment

(i) In general

The school selected in accordance with this paragraph shall immediately enroll the homeless child or youth, even if the child or youth—

(I) is unable to produce records normally required for enrollment, such as previous academic records, records of immunization and other required health records, proof of residency, or other documentation; or

(II) has missed application or enrollment deadlines during any period of homelessness.

(ii) Relevant academic records

The enrolling school shall immediately contact the school last attended by the child or youth to obtain relevant academic and other records.

(iii) Relevant health records

If the child or youth needs to obtain immunizations or other required health records, the enrolling school shall immediately refer the parent or guardian of the child or youth, or (in the case of an unaccompanied youth) the youth, to the local educational agency liaison designated under paragraph (1)(J)(ii), who shall assist in obtaining necessary immunizations or screenings, or immunization or other required health records, in accordance with subparagraph (D).

(D) Records

Any record ordinarily kept by the school, including immunization or other required health records, academic records, birth certificates, guardianship records, and evaluations for special services or programs, regarding each homeless child or youth shall be maintained—

(i) so that the records involved are available, in a timely fashion, when a child or youth enters a new school or school district; and

(ii) in a manner consistent with section 1232g of title 20.

(E) Enrollment disputes

If a dispute arises over eligibility, or school selection or enrollment in a school—

(i) the child or youth shall be immediately enrolled in the school in which enrollment is sought, pending final resolution of the dispute, including all available appeals;

(ii) the parent or guardian of the child or youth or (in the case of an unaccompanied youth) the youth shall be provided with a written explanation of any decisions related to school selection or enrollment made by the school, the local educational agency, or the State educational agency involved, including the rights of the parent, guardian, or unaccompanied youth to appeal such decisions;

(iii) the parent, guardian, or unaccompanied youth shall be referred to the local educational agency liaison designated under paragraph (1)(J)(ii), who shall carry out the dispute resolution process as described in paragraph (1)(C) as expeditiously as possible after receiving notice of the dispute; and

(iv) in the case of an unaccompanied youth, the liaison shall ensure that the youth is immediately enrolled in the school in which the youth seeks enrollment pending resolution of such dispute.

(F) Placement choice

The choice regarding placement shall be made regardless of whether the child or youth lives with the homeless parents or has been temporarily placed elsewhere.

(G) Privacy

Information about a homeless child's or youth's living situation shall be treated as a student education record, and shall not be deemed to be directory information, under section 1232g of title 20.

(H) Contact information

Nothing in this part shall prohibit a local educational agency from requiring a parent or guardian of a homeless child or youth to submit contact information.

(I) School of origin defined

In this paragraph:

(i) In general

The term "school of origin" means the school that a child or youth attended when permanently housed or the school in which the child or youth was last enrolled, including a preschool.

(ii) Receiving school

When the child or youth completes the final grade level served by the school of origin, as described in clause (i), the term "school of origin" shall include the designated receiving school at the next grade level for all feeder schools.

(4) Comparable services

Each homeless child or youth to be assisted under this part shall be provided services comparable to services offered to other students in the school selected under paragraph (3), including the following:

(A) Transportation services.

(B) Educational services for which the child or youth meets the eligibility criteria, such as services provided under title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.) or similar State or local programs, educational programs for children with disabilities, and educational programs for English learners.

(C) Programs in career and technical education.

(D) Programs for gifted and talented students.

(E) School nutrition programs.

(5) Coordination

(A) In general

Each local educational agency serving homeless children and youths that receives assistance under this part shall coordinate—

(i) the provision of services under this part with local social services agencies and other agencies or entities providing services to homeless children and youths and their families, including services and programs funded under the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5701 et seq.); ¹ and

(ii) transportation, transfer of school records, and other interdistrict activities, with other local educational agencies.

(B) Housing assistance

If applicable, each State educational agency and local educational agency that receives assistance under this part shall coordinate with State and local housing agencies responsible for developing the comprehensive housing affordability strategy described in section 12705 of this title to minimize educational disruption for children and youths who become homeless.

(C) Coordination purpose

The coordination required under subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall be designed to—

(i) ensure that all homeless children and youths are promptly identified;

(ii) ensure that all homeless children and youths have access to, and are in reasonable proximity to, available education and related support services; and

(iii) raise the awareness of school personnel and service providers of the effects of short-term stays in a shelter and other challenges associated with homelessness.

(D) Homeless children and youths with disabilities

For children and youths who are to be assisted both under this part, and under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.) or section 794 of title 29, each local educational agency shall coordinate the provision of services under this part with the provision of programs for children with disabilities served by that local educational agency and other involved local educational agencies.

(6) Local educational agency liaison

(A) Duties

Each local educational agency liaison for homeless children and youths, designated under paragraph (1)(J)(ii), shall ensure that—

(i) homeless children and youths are identified by school personnel through outreach and coordination activities with other entities and agencies;

(ii) homeless children and youths are enrolled in, and have a full and equal opportunity to succeed in, schools of that local educational agency;

(iii) homeless families and homeless children and youths have access to and receive educational services for which such families, children, and youths are eligible, including services through Head Start programs (including Early Head Start programs) under the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.), early intervention services under part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), and other preschool programs administered by the local educational agency;

(iv) homeless families and homeless children and youths receive referrals to health care services, dental services, mental health and substance abuse services, housing services, and other appropriate services;

(v) the parents or guardians of homeless children and youths are informed of the educational and related opportunities available to their children and are provided with meaningful opportunities to participate in the education of their children;

(vi) public notice of the educational rights of homeless children and youths is disseminated in locations frequented by parents or guardians of such children and youths, and unaccompanied youths, including schools, shelters, public libraries, and soup kitchens, in a manner and form understandable to the parents and guardians of homeless children and youths, and unaccompanied youths;

(vii) enrollment disputes are mediated in accordance with paragraph (3)(E);

(viii) the parent or guardian of a homeless child or youth, and any unaccompanied youth, is fully informed of all transportation services, including transportation to the school of origin, as described in paragraph (1)(J)(iii), and is assisted in accessing transportation to the school that is selected under paragraph (3)(A);

(ix) school personnel providing services under this part receive professional development and other support; and

(x) unaccompanied youths—

(I) are enrolled in school;

(II) have opportunities to meet the same challenging State academic standards as the State establishes for other children and youth, including through implementation of the procedures under paragraph (1)(F)(ii); and

(III) are informed of their status as independent students under section 1087vv of title 20 and that the youths may obtain assistance from the local educational agency liaison to receive verification of such status for purposes of the Free Application for Federal Student Aid described in section 1090 of title 20.

(B) Notice

State Coordinators established under subsection (d)(3) and local educational agencies shall inform school personnel, service providers, advocates working with homeless families, parents and guardians of homeless children and youths, and homeless children and youths of the duties of the local educational agency liaisons, and publish an annually updated list of the liaisons on the State educational agency's website.

(C) Local and State coordination

Local educational agency liaisons for homeless children and youths shall, as a part of their duties, coordinate and collaborate with State Coordinators and community and school personnel responsible for the provision of education and related services to homeless children and youths. Such coordination shall include collecting and providing to the State Coordinator the reliable, valid, and comprehensive data needed to meet the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (3) of subsection (f).

(D) Homeless status

A local educational agency liaison designated under paragraph (1)(J)(ii) who receives training described in subsection (f)(6) may affirm, without further agency action by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, that a child or youth who is eligible for and participating in a program provided by the local educational agency, or the immediate family of such a child or youth, who meets the eligibility requirements of this chapter for a program or service authorized under subchapter IV, is eligible for such program or service.

(7) Review and revisions

(A) In general

Each State educational agency and local educational agency that receives assistance under this part shall review and revise any policies that may act as barriers to the identification of homeless children and youths or the enrollment of homeless children and youths in schools that are selected under paragraph (3).

(B) Consideration

In reviewing and revising such policies, consideration shall be given to issues concerning transportation, immunization, residency, birth certificates, school records and other documentation, and guardianship.

(C) Special attention

Special attention shall be given to ensuring the identification, enrollment, and attendance of homeless children and youths who are not currently attending school.

(Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §722, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1032, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1990; amended Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title IX, §2901(b), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2875; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9102, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2124.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450 et seq.), referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(B)(i), is Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, which was classified principally to subchapter II (§450 et seq.) of chapter 14 of Title 25, Indians, prior to editorial reclassification as chapter 46 (§5301 et seq.) of Title 25. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 25 and Tables.

The Runaway and Homeless Youth Act, referred to in subsecs. (f)(4)(B) and (g)(5)(A)(i), is title III of Pub. L. 93–415, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1129, which was classified generally to subchapter III (§5701 et seq.) of chapter 72 of this title, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as subchapter III (§11201 et seq.) of chapter 111 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1974 Act note set out under section 10101 of Title 34 and Tables.

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (g)(4)(B), is Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27. Title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§6301 et seq.) of chapter 70 of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of Title 20 and Tables.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in subsec. (g)(5)(D), (6)(A)(iii), is title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 175, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1400 et seq.) of Title 20, Education. Part C of the Act is classified generally to subchapter III (§1431 et seq.) of chapter 33 of Title 20. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1400 of Title 20 and Tables.

The Head Start Act, referred to in subsec. (g)(6)(A)(iii), is subchapter B (§635 et seq.) of chapter 8 of subtitle A of title VI of Pub. L. 97–35, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 499, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§9831 et seq.) of chapter 105 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9801 of this title and Tables.

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (g)(6)(D), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 100–77, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 482, known as the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 11301 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 11432, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §722, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §323, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3957, related to grants for State and local activities for education of homeless children and youth, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 107–110.

Another prior section 11432, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §722, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 100–628, title VII, §702(a), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3245; Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §612(b), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4735, related to grants for State and local activities for education of homeless children and youth, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(1), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "No State may receive a grant under this section unless the State educational agency submits an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing or accompanied by such information as the Secretary may reasonably require."

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(2)(A), substituted "To provide services and activities to improve the identification of homeless children and youths (including preschool-aged homeless children) and enable" for "To provide activities for, and services to, homeless children, including preschool-aged homeless children, and youths that enable" and "including, if" for "or, if".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(2)(B), substituted "designate in the State educational agency an Office of the Coordinator for Education of Homeless Children and Youths that can sufficiently carry out the duties described for the Office in this part in accordance with subsection (f)." for "designate an Office of Coordinator for Education of Homeless Children and Youths in the State educational agency in accordance with subsection (f) of this section."

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(2)(C), added par. (5) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "To develop and implement professional development programs for school personnel to heighten their awareness of, and capacity to respond to, specific problems in the education of homeless children and youths."

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(3)(A), inserted "a State through grants under subsection (a) to" after "each year to".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(3)(B), substituted "the grant funds remaining after the State educational agency distributes subgrants under paragraph (1)" for "funds made available for State use under this part".

Subsec. (e)(3)(C)(iv)(II). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(3)(C)(i), substituted "section 1111" for "sections 1111 and 1116".

Subsec. (e)(3)(E)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(3)(C)(ii), substituted "subsection (g)(6)(A)(vi)"for "subsection (g)(6)(A)(v)".

Subsec. (e)(3)(F)(i)(IV). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(3)(C)(iii)(I), added subcl. (IV).

Subsec. (e)(3)(F)(iii). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(3)(C)(iii)(II), substituted "The" for "Not later than 2 years after January 8, 2002, the".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(4), added subsec. (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which related to the functions of the Office of Coordinator.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(5), added subsec. (g) and struck out former subsec. (g) which related to State plans to provide for the education of homeless children and youths.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–95, §9102(6), struck out subsec. (h) which related to emergency assistance for certain individuals who become homeless due to home foreclosure.

2008—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 110–289 added subsec. (h).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Oct. 1, 2016, see section 9107 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 11431 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§11433. Local educational agency subgrants for the education of homeless children and youths

(a) General authority

(1) In general

The State educational agency shall, in accordance with section 11432(e) of this title, and from amounts made available to such agency under section 11435 of this title, make subgrants to local educational agencies for the purpose of facilitating the identification, enrollment, attendance, and success in school of homeless children and youths.

(2) Services

(A) In general

Services under paragraph (1)—

(i) may be provided through programs on school grounds or at other facilities;

(ii) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be provided through existing programs and mechanisms that integrate homeless children and youths with nonhomeless children and youths; and

(iii) shall be designed to expand or improve services provided as part of a school's regular academic program, but not to replace such services provided under such program.

(B) Services on school grounds

If services under paragraph (1) are provided on school grounds, the related schools—

(i) may use funds under this part to provide the same services to other children and youths who are determined by the local educational agency to be at risk of failing in, or dropping out of, school, subject to the requirements of clause (ii); and

(ii) except as otherwise provided in section 11432(e)(3)(B) of this title, shall not provide services in settings within a school that segregate homeless children and youths from other children and youths, except as necessary for short periods of time—

(I) for health and safety emergencies; or

(II) to provide temporary, special, and supplementary services to meet the unique needs of homeless children and youths.

(3) Requirement

Services provided under this section shall not replace the regular academic program and shall be designed to expand upon or improve services provided as part of the school's regular academic program.

(4) Duration of grants

Subgrants made under this section shall be for terms of not to exceed 3 years.

(b) Application

A local educational agency that desires to receive a subgrant under this section shall submit an application to the State educational agency at such time, in such manner, and containing or accompanied by such information as the State educational agency may reasonably require. Such application shall include the following:

(1) An assessment of the educational and related needs of homeless children and youths in the area served by such agency (which may be undertaken as part of needs assessments for other disadvantaged groups).

(2) A description of the services and programs for which assistance is sought to address the needs identified in paragraph (1).

(3) An assurance that the local educational agency's combined fiscal effort per student, or the aggregate expenditures of that agency and the State with respect to the provision of free public education by such agency for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made, was not less than 90 percent of such combined fiscal effort or aggregate expenditures for the second fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made.

(4) An assurance that the applicant complies with, or will use requested funds to comply with, paragraphs (3) through (7) of section 11432(g) of this title.

(5) A description of policies and procedures, consistent with section 11432(e)(3) of this title, that the agency will implement to ensure that activities carried out by the agency will not isolate or stigmatize homeless children and youths.

(6) An assurance that the local educational agency will collect and promptly provide data requested by the State Coordinator pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 11432(f) of this title.

(7) An assurance that the local educational agency will meet the requirements of section 11432(g)(3) of this title.

(c) Awards

(1) In general

The State educational agency shall, in accordance with the requirements of this part and from amounts made available to it under section 11435 of this title, make competitive subgrants to local educational agencies that submit applications under subsection (b). Such subgrants shall be awarded on the basis of the need of such agencies for assistance under this part and the quality of the applications submitted.

(2) Need

In determining need under paragraph (1), the State educational agency may consider the number of homeless children and youths enrolled in early childhood education and other preschool programs, elementary schools, and secondary schools, within the area served by the local educational agency, and shall consider the needs of such children and youths and the ability of the local educational agency to meet such needs. The State educational agency may also consider the following:

(A) The extent to which the proposed use of funds will facilitate the identification, enrollment, retention, and educational success of homeless children and youths.

(B) The extent to which the application reflects coordination with other local and State agencies that serve homeless children and youths.

(C) The extent to which the applicant exhibits in the application and in current practice (as of the date of submission of the application) a commitment to education for all homeless children and youths.

(D) Such other criteria as the State agency determines appropriate.

(3) Quality

In determining the quality of applications under paragraph (1), the State educational agency shall consider the following:

(A) The applicant's needs assessment under subsection (b)(1) and the likelihood that the program presented in the application will meet such needs.

(B) The types, intensity, and coordination of the services to be provided under the program.

(C) The extent to which the applicant will promote meaningful involvement of parents or guardians of homeless children or youths in the education of their children.

(D) The extent to which homeless children and youths will be integrated into the regular education program.

(E) The quality of the applicant's evaluation plan for the program.

(F) The extent to which services provided under this part will be coordinated with other services available to homeless children and youths and their families.

(G) The extent to which the local educational agency will use the subgrant to leverage resources, including by maximizing nonsubgrant funding for the position of the liaison described in section 11432(g)(1)(J)(ii) of this title and the provision of transportation.

(H) How the local educational agency will use funds to serve homeless children and youths under section 1113(c)(3) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6313(c)(3)).

(I) The extent to which the applicant's program meets such other measures as the State educational agency considers indicative of a high-quality program, such as the extent to which the local educational agency will provide case management or related services to unaccompanied youths.

(d) Authorized activities

A local educational agency may use funds awarded under this section for activities that carry out the purpose of this part, including the following:

(1) The provision of tutoring, supplemental instruction, and enriched educational services that are linked to the achievement of the same challenging State academic standards as the State establishes for other children and youths.

(2) The provision of expedited evaluations of the strengths and needs of homeless children and youths, including needs and eligibility for programs and services (such as educational programs for gifted and talented students, children with disabilities, and English learners, services provided under title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.] or similar State or local programs, programs in career and technical education, and school nutrition programs).

(3) Professional development and other activities for educators and specialized instructional support personnel that are designed to heighten the understanding and sensitivity of such personnel to the needs of homeless children and youths, the rights of such children and youths under this part, and the specific educational needs of runaway and homeless youths.

(4) The provision of referral services to homeless children and youths for medical, dental, mental, and other health services.

(5) The provision of assistance to defray the excess cost of transportation for students under section 11432(g)(4)(A) of this title, not otherwise provided through Federal, State, or local funding, where necessary to enable students to attend the school selected under section 11432(g)(3) of this title.

(6) The provision of developmentally appropriate early childhood education programs, not otherwise provided through Federal, State, or local funding, for preschool-aged homeless children.

(7) The provision of services and assistance to attract, engage, and retain homeless children and youths, particularly homeless children and youths who are not enrolled in school, in public school programs and services provided to nonhomeless children and youths.

(8) The provision for homeless children and youths of before- and after-school, mentoring, and summer programs in which a teacher or other qualified individual provides tutoring, homework assistance, and supervision of educational activities.

(9) If necessary, the payment of fees and other costs associated with tracking, obtaining, and transferring records necessary to enroll homeless children and youths in school, including birth certificates, immunization or other required health records, academic records, guardianship records, and evaluations for special programs or services.

(10) The provision of education and training to the parents and guardians of homeless children and youths about the rights of, and resources available to, such children and youths, and other activities designed to increase the meaningful involvement of parents and guardians of homeless children or youths in the education of such children or youths.

(11) The development of coordination between schools and agencies providing services to homeless children and youths, as described in section 11432(g)(5) of this title.

(12) The provision of specialized instructional support services (including violence prevention counseling) and referrals for such services.

(13) Activities to address the particular needs of homeless children and youths that may arise from domestic violence and parental mental health or substance abuse problems.

(14) The adaptation of space and purchase of supplies for any nonschool facilities made available under subsection (a)(2) to provide services under this subsection.

(15) The provision of school supplies, including those supplies to be distributed at shelters or temporary housing facilities, or other appropriate locations.

(16) The provision of other extraordinary or emergency assistance needed to enable homeless children and youths to attend school and participate fully in school activities.

(Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §723, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1032, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2001; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9103, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2134.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27, as amended generally. Title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§6301 et seq.) of chapter 70 of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of Title 20 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 11433, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §723, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §323, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3962, related to local educational agency grants for education of homeless children and youth, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 107–110.

Another prior section 11433, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §723, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 527; Pub. L. 100–628, title VII, §702(b), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3245; Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §612(c), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4739, related to local educational agency grants for education of homeless children and youth, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(1)(A), substituted "facilitating the identification, enrollment," for "facilitating the enrollment,".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(1)(B), inserted "the related" before "schools" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(1)(C), added par. (4).

Subsec. (b)(6), (7). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(2), added pars. (6) and (7).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(3)(A)(i), substituted "early childhood education and other preschool programs, elementary schools, and secondary schools," for "preschool, elementary, and secondary schools" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(3)(A)(ii), inserted "identification," before "enrollment,".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(3)(A)(iii), substituted "application reflects coordination with other local and State agencies that serve homeless children and youths." for "application—

"(i) reflects coordination with other local and State agencies that serve homeless children and youths; and

"(ii) describes how the applicant will meet the requirements of section 11432(g)(3) of this title."

Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(3)(A)(iv), inserted "(as of the date of submission of the application)" after "practice".

Subsec. (c)(3)(C). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(3)(B)(i), inserted "extent to which the applicant will promote meaningful" after "The".

Subsec. (c)(3)(D). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(3)(B)(ii), substituted "into" for "within".

Subsec. (c)(3)(G), (H). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(3)(B)(iv), added subpars. (G) and (H). Former subpar. (G) redesignated (I).

Subsec. (c)(3)(I). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(3)(B)(iii), (v), redesignated subpar. (G) as (I) and substituted "The extent to which the applicant's program meets such" for "Such".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(3)(C), struck out par. (4). Text read as follows: "Grants awarded under this section shall be for terms not to exceed 3 years."

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(4)(A), substituted "the same challenging State academic standards as" for "the same challenging State academic content standards and challenging State student academic achievement standards".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(4)(B), substituted "English learners" for "students with limited English proficiency" and "career" for "vocational".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(4)(C), substituted "specialized instructional support" for "pupil services".

Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(4)(D), substituted "particularly homeless children and youths who are not enrolled in school," for "and unaccompanied youths,".

Subsec. (d)(9). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(4)(E), substituted "other required health" for "medical".

Subsec. (d)(10). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(4)(F), substituted "parents and guardians" for "parents" and inserted before period at end ", and other activities designed to increase the meaningful involvement of parents and guardians of homeless children or youths in the education of such children or youths".

Subsec. (d)(12). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(4)(G), substituted "specialized instructional support services" for "pupil services".

Subsec. (d)(13). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(4)(H), inserted before period at end "and parental mental health or substance abuse problems".

Subsec. (d)(16). Pub. L. 114–95, §9103(4)(I), inserted before period at end "and participate fully in school activities".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Oct. 1, 2016, see section 9107 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 11431 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.

§11434. Secretarial responsibilities

(a) Review of State plans

In reviewing the State plan submitted by a State educational agency under section 11432(g) of this title, the Secretary shall use a peer review process and shall evaluate whether State laws, policies, and practices described in such plan adequately address the problems of homeless children and youths relating to access to education and placement as described in such plan.

(b) Technical assistance

The Secretary shall provide support and technical assistance to a State educational agency to assist such agency in carrying out its responsibilities under this part, if requested by the State educational agency.

(c) Notice

(1) In general

The Secretary shall, before the next school year that begins after December 10, 2015, update and disseminate nationwide the public notice described in this subsection (as in effect prior to such date) of the educational rights of homeless children and youths.

(2) Dissemination

The Secretary shall disseminate the notice nationwide to all Federal agencies, and grant recipients, serving homeless families or homeless children and youths.

(d) Evaluation, dissemination, and technical assistance

The Secretary shall conduct evaluation, dissemination, and technical assistance activities for programs designed to meet the educational needs of homeless elementary and secondary school students, and may use funds appropriated under section 11435 of this title to conduct such activities.

(e) Submission and distribution

The Secretary shall require applications for grants under this part to be submitted to the Secretary not later than the expiration of the 120-day period beginning on the date that funds are available for purposes of making such grants and shall make such grants not later than the expiration of the 180-day period beginning on such date.

(f) Determination by Secretary

The Secretary, based on the information received from the States and information gathered by the Secretary under subsection (h), shall determine the extent to which State educational agencies are ensuring that each homeless child and homeless youth has access to a free appropriate public education, as described in section 11431(1) of this title. The Secretary shall provide support and technical assistance to State educational agencies, concerning areas in which documented barriers to a free appropriate public education persist.

(g) Guidelines

The Secretary shall develop, issue, and publish in the Federal Register, not later than 60 days after December 10, 2015, guidelines concerning ways in which a State—

(1) may assist local educational agencies to implement the provisions related to homeless children and youths amended by that Act; and

(2) may review and revise State policies and procedures that may present barriers to the identification of homeless children and youths, and the enrollment, attendance, and success of homeless children and youths in school.

(h) Information

(1) In general

From funds appropriated under section 11435 of this title, the Secretary shall, directly or through grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements, periodically collect and disseminate data and information regarding—

(A) the number and primary nighttime residence of homeless children and youths in all areas served by local educational agencies;

(B) the education and related services such children and youths receive;

(C) the extent to which the needs of homeless children and youths are being met; and

(D) such other data and information as the Secretary determines to be necessary and relevant to carry out this part.

(2) Coordination

The Secretary shall coordinate such collection and dissemination with other agencies and entities that receive assistance and administer programs under this part.

(i) Report

Not later than 4 years after December 10, 2015, the Secretary shall prepare and submit to the President and the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a report on the status of education of homeless children and youths, which shall include information on—

(1) the education of homeless children and youths; and

(2) the actions of the Secretary and the effectiveness of the programs supported under this part.

(Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §724, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1032, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2004; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9104, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2136.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

That Act, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), is Pub. L. 114–95, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1802, known as The Every Student Succeeds Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2015 Amendment note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 11434, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §724, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §323, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3964, related to Secretarial responsibilities, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 107–110.

Another prior section 11434, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §724, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 528; Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §612(d), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4742, related to national responsibilities, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–95, §9104(1), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall, before the next school year that begins after January 8, 2002, create and disseminate nationwide a public notice of the educational rights of homeless children and youths and disseminate such notice to other Federal agencies, programs, and grantees, including Head Start grantees, Health Care for the Homeless grantees, Emergency Food and Shelter grantees, and homeless assistance programs administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–95, §9104(2), added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall conduct evaluation and dissemination activities of programs designed to meet the educational needs of homeless elementary and secondary school students, and may use funds appropriated under section 11435 of this title to conduct such activities."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–95, §9104(3), substituted "120-day" for "60-day" and "180-day" for "120-day".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–95, §9104(4), inserted at end "The Secretary shall provide support and technical assistance to State educational agencies, concerning areas in which documented barriers to a free appropriate public education persist."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–95, §9104(5), added subsec. (g) and struck out former subsec. (g). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall develop, issue, and publish in the Federal Register, not later than 60 days after January 8, 2002, school enrollment guidelines for States with respect to homeless children and youths. The guidelines shall describe—

"(1) successful ways in which a State may assist local educational agencies to immediately enroll homeless children and youths in school; and

"(2) how a State can review the State's requirements regarding immunization and medical or school records and make such revisions to the requirements as are appropriate and necessary in order to enroll homeless children and youths in school immediately."

Subsec. (h)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §9104(6), substituted "primary nighttime residence" for "location" and inserted before semicolon at end "in all areas served by local educational agencies".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 114–95, §9104(7), substituted "December 10, 2015" for "January 8, 2002".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Oct. 1, 2016, see section 9107 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 11431 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.

§11434a. Definitions

For purposes of this part:

(1) The terms "enroll" and "enrollment" include attending classes and participating fully in school activities.

(2) The term "homeless children and youths"—

(A) means individuals who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence (within the meaning of section 11302(a)(1) of this title); and

(B) includes—

(i) children and youths who are sharing the housing of other persons due to loss of housing, economic hardship, or a similar reason; are living in motels, hotels, trailer parks, or camping grounds due to the lack of alternative adequate accommodations; are living in emergency or transitional shelters; or are abandoned in hospitals;

(ii) children and youths who have a primary nighttime residence that is a public or private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings (within the meaning of section 11302(a)(2)(C) ¹ of this title);

(iii) children and youths who are living in cars, parks, public spaces, abandoned buildings, substandard housing, bus or train stations, or similar settings; and

(iv) migratory children (as such term is defined in section 6399 of title 20) who qualify as homeless for the purposes of this part because the children are living in circumstances described in clauses (i) through (iii).

(3) The terms "local educational agency" and "State educational agency" have the meanings given such terms in section 7801 of title 20.

(4) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Education.

(5) The term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(6) The term "unaccompanied youth" includes a homeless child or youth not in the physical custody of a parent or guardian.

(Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §725, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1032, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2005; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §§9105(a), 9215(zz), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2136, 2184.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 11302 of this title, referred to in par. (2)(B)(ii), was amended by Pub. L. 111–22, div. B, §1003(a)(2), May 20, 2009, 123 Stat. 1664, and, as so amended, section 11302(a)(2) of this title no longer contains a subpar. (C).

Prior Provisions

A prior section 11434a, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §725, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §323, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3965, defined terms, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 107–110.

Another prior section 11434a, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §725, as added Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §613(2), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4743, related to reports by Comptroller General, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 103–382.

A prior section 725 of Pub. L. 100–77 was renumbered section 726 and was classified to section 11435 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

2015—Par. (2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 114–95, §9105(a)(1), inserted "or" before "are abandoned" and struck out "or are awaiting foster care placement;" after "hospitals;".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(zz), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7801 of title 20.

Pub. L. 114–95, §9105(a)(2), which directed technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7801 of title 20, could not be executed because of the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(zz). See above and Effective Date of 2015 Amendment notes below.

Par. (6). Pub. L. 114–95, §9105(a)(3), substituted "homeless child or youth not" for "youth not".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by section 9215(zz) of Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9105(b), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2137, provided that:

"(1) In general.—In the case of a State that is not a covered State, the amendment made by subsection (a)(1) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 10, 2015].

"(2) Covered state.—In the case of a covered State, the amendment made by subsection (a)(1) shall take effect on the date that is 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act."

Amendment by section 9105(a) of Pub. L. 114–95 effective Oct. 1, 2016, except as provided in section 9105(b) of Pub. L. 114–95 (set out above), see section 9107 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 11431 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.

Definition of Covered State

Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9105(c), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2137, provided that: "For purposes of this section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note above] the term 'covered State' means a State that has a statutory law that defines or describes the phrase 'awaiting foster care placement', for purposes of a program under subtitle B of title VII of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11431 et seq.)."

¹ See References in Text note below.

§11435. Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this part $85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2020.

(Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §726, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1032, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2006; amended Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title IX, §2901(a), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2875; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9106, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2137.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 11435, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §726, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §323, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3965, authorized appropriations, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 107–110.

Another prior section 11435, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §726, formerly §725, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 528; Pub. L. 100–628, title VII, §702(c), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3245; renumbered §726, Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §613(1), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4743, defined terms used in this part, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §9106, amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "For the purpose of carrying out this part, there are authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2009 and such sums as may be necessary for each subsequent fiscal year."

2008—Pub. L. 110–289 substituted "$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2009 and such sums as may be necessary for each subsequent fiscal year" for "$70,000,000 for fiscal year 2002 and such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2007".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Oct. 1, 2016, see section 9107 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 11431 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.

Part C—Job Training for Homeless

§§11441 to 11447. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–220, title I, §199(a)(5), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059

Section 11441, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §731, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 528, authorized demonstration program for homeless individuals.

Section 11442, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §732, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 528, related to State coordination with demonstration grant recipients.

Section 11443, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §733, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 529; Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §621(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4743, related to application for grants.

Section 11444, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §734, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 529, related to authorized activities.

Section 11445, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §735, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 529, related to payments, Federal share, and limitations.

Section 11446, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §736, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 530, related to evaluation of projects.

Section 11447, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §737, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 530; Pub. L. 100–628, title VII, §703(a), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3246, defined terms.

§11448. Repealed. Pub. L. 107–95, §5(e)(4), Dec. 21, 2001, 115 Stat. 918

Section, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §738, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 530; Pub. L. 102–590, §11(a), Nov. 10, 1992, 106 Stat. 5141; Pub. L. 104–110, title I, §102(d)(1), Feb. 13, 1996, 110 Stat. 769; Pub. L. 104–275, title VI, §601(b), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3344; Pub. L. 105–114, title II, §203(c)(1), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2288, related to programs to expedite the reintegration of homeless veterans into the labor force.

§§11449, 11450. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–220, title I, §199(a)(5), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059

Section 11449, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §739, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 531; Pub. L. 100–628, title VII, §703(b), (c), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3246; Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, §9119(a), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1157; Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §621(b), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4744; Pub. L. 102–590, §11(b)(1), Nov. 10, 1992, 106 Stat. 5141; Pub. L. 103–239, title VII, §701(a), May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 605, authorized appropriations.

Section 11450, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §741, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 532; Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §621(c), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4744; Pub. L. 102–590, §11(b)(2), Nov. 10, 1992, 106 Stat. 5141; Pub. L. 103–239, title VII, §701(b), May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 606; Pub. L. 104–110, title I, §102(d)(2), Feb. 13, 1996, 110 Stat. 769; Pub. L. 105–114, title II, §203(c)(2), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2288, provided for termination of this part on Dec. 31, 1999.

Part D—Emergency Community Services Homeless Grant Program

§§11461 to 11466. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–220, title I, §199(b)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059

Section 11461, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §751, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 532, established emergency community services homeless grant program.

Section 11462, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §752, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 532; Pub. L. 100–628, title VII, §704(a), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3246, related to allocation of grants.

Section 11463, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §753, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 532; Pub. L. 100–628, title VII, §704(b), (c), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3246; Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §631(a), (b), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4746, related to program requirements.

Section 11464, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §754, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 533; Pub. L. 100–628, title VII, §704(d), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3247; Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §631(c), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4746; Pub. L. 103–252, title II, §206, May 18, 1994, 108 Stat. 656, authorized appropriations.

Section 11465, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §755, as added Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §641, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4746, related to evaluation of services provided to homeless individuals.

Section 11466, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §756, as added Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §641, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4747, required report by General Accounting Office.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 1999, see section 199(c)(2)(A) of Pub. L. 105–220, as amended, set out as a note under section 11421 of this title.

Part E—Miscellaneous Provisions

§§11471, 11472. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–220, title I, §199(b)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059

Section 11471, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §761, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 533, authorized grant for study of causes of youth homelessness.

Section 11472, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §762, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 533, related to set-asides for Native Americans.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 1999, see section 199(c)(2)(A) of Pub. L. 105–220, as amended, set out as a note under section 11421 of this title.

Part F—Family Support Centers

§§11481 to 11489. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–235, title I, §142(b), Oct. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 3089

Section 11481, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §771, as added Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §651, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4747, related to definitions for this part.

Section 11482, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §772, as added Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §651, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4749; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §370(a), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3976, related to general grants for demonstration programs to encourage provision of supportive services to low-income individuals and families.

Section 11483, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §773, as added Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §651, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4752, related to requirement that family support grant recipients were to use not more than 7 percent of such grant to improve the retention and effectiveness of staff and volunteers.

Section 11484, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §774, as added Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §651, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4752; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §370(d), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3977, related to family case managers.

Section 11485, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §775, as added Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §651, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4752, related to Gateway programs.

Section 11486, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §776, as added Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §651, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4754, related to evaluation of programs and entities that received assistance under this subchapter.

Section 11487, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §777, as added Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §651, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4754; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §370(b), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3977, related to submission of reports to Congress by the Secretary.

Section 11488, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §778, as added Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §651, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4755, provided that nothing in this part was to be construed to modify Federal selection preferences described in section 1437d of this title or authorized policies and procedures of governmental housing authorities operating under annual assistance contracts pursuant to section 1437 et seq. of this title with respect to admissions, tenant selection and evictions.

Section 11489, Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §779, as added Pub. L. 101–645, title VI, §651, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4755; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §370(c), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3977, authorized appropriations to carry out this part.