§12001. Authorized strengths: reserve components

(a) Whenever the authorized strength of a reserve component (other than the Coast Guard Reserve) is not prescribed by law, it shall be prescribed by the President.

(b) Subject to the authorized strength of the reserve component concerned, the authorized strength of each reserve component (other than the Coast Guard Reserve) in members in each grade is that which the Secretary concerned determines to be necessary to provide for mobilization requirements. The Secretary shall review these determinations at least once each year and revise them if he considers it necessary. However, a member of the reserve component concerned may not, as a result of such a determination, be reduced in the member's reserve grade without the member's consent.

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1662(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2983 .)

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in sections 3221, 3224, 5413, 5456, 8221, and 8224 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, §1662(a)(3).

Effective Date

Chapter effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as a note under section 10001 of this title.

End Strengths for Selected Reserve and for Reserves on Active Duty in Support of Reserves

Sections 411 and 412 of Pub. L. 103–337 provided that:

"SEC. 411. END STRENGTHS FOR SELECTED RESERVE.

"(a) In General.-The Armed Forces are authorized strengths for Selected Reserve personnel of the reserve components as of September 30, 1995, as follows:

"(1) The Army National Guard of the United States, 400,000.

"(2) The Army Reserve, 242,000.

"(3) The Naval Reserve, 102,960[.]

"(4) The Marine Corps Reserve, 42,000.

"(5) The Air National Guard of the United States, 115,581.

"(6) The Air Force Reserve, 78,706.

"(7) The Coast Guard Reserve, 8,000.

"(b) Waiver Authority.-The Secretary of Defense may increase the end strength authorized by subsection (a) by not more than 2 percent.

"(c) Adjustments.-The end strengths prescribed by subsection (a) for the Selected Reserve of any reserve component shall be reduced proportionately by-

"(1) the total authorized strength of units organized to serve as units of the Selected Reserve of such component which are on active duty (other than for training) at the end of the fiscal year, and

"(2) the total number of individual members not in units organized to serve as units of the Selected Reserve of such component who are on active duty (other than for training or for unsatisfactory participation in training) without their consent at the end of the fiscal year.

Whenever such units or such individual members are released from active duty during any fiscal year, the end strength prescribed for such fiscal year for the Selected Reserve of such reserve component shall be increased proportionately by the total authorized strengths of such units and by the total number of such individual members.

"SEC. 412. END STRENGTHS FOR RESERVES ON ACTIVE DUTY IN SUPPORT OF THE RESERVES.

"Within the end strengths prescribed in section 411(a), the reserve components of the Armed Forces are authorized, as of September 30, 1995, the following number of Reserves to be serving on full-time active duty or, in the case of members of the National Guard, full-time National Guard duty for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training the reserve components:

"(1) The Army National Guard of the United States, 23,650.

"(2) The Army Reserve, 11,940.

"(3) The Naval Reserve, 17,510.

"(4) The Marine Corps Reserve, 2,285.

"(5) The Air National Guard of the United States, 9,098.

"(6) The Air Force Reserve, 648."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior authorization acts:

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IV, §§411, 412, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1641 , 1642.

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title IV, §§411, 412, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2399 .

Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IV, §§411, 412, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1351 .

Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title IV, §§411(a)–(c), 412, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1546 , 1547; Pub. L. 102–25, title II, §§201(a), 202, 205(a), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 79 , 80; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IV, §414(e), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1353 ; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §513, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1649 .

Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title IV, §§411, 412, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1432 , as amended by Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title IV, §411(d), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1547 .

Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title IV, §§411(a), 412, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1964 .

Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title IV, §§411, 412, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1082 , 1083, as amended by Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title IV, §411(b), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1964 .

Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IV, §§411(a)–(c), 412(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3860 , 3861.

Pub. L. 99–145, title IV, §§411, 412, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 618 , 619.

Pub. L. 98–525, title IV, §§411, 412, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2516 , 2517.

Pub. L. 98–94, title V, §§501, 502, Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 630 , 631.

Pub. L. 97–252, title V, §§501, 502, Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 726 , as amended by Pub. L. 98–94, title V, §504(a), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 631 .

Pub. L. 97–86, title V, §§501, 502, Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1107 .

Pub. L. 96–342, title IV, §401, Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1084 .

Pub. L. 96–107, title IV, §401, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 807 .

Pub. L. 95–485, title IV, §401, Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1613 .

Pub. L. 95–79, title IV, §401, July 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 327 .

Pub. L. 94–361, title IV, §401, July 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 926 .

Pub. L. 94–106, title IV, §401, Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 532 .

Pub. L. 93–365, title IV, §§401, 402, Aug. 5, 1974, 88 Stat. 402 , 403.

Pub. L. 93–155, title IV, §§401, 402, Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 608 .

Pub. L. 92–436, title IV, §§401, 402, Sept. 26, 1972, 86 Stat. 736 .

Pub. L. 92–156, title III, §§301, 302, Nov. 17, 1971, 85 Stat. 425 .

Pub. L. 91–441, title III, §§301, 302, Oct. 7, 1970, 84 Stat. 908 .

Pub. L. 91–121, title III, §§301, 302, Nov. 19, 1969, 83 Stat. 206 .

Pub. L. 90–500, title III, §§301, 302, Sept. 20, 1968, 82 Stat. 850 .

Reserve Component Force Structure

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title IV, §413, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2400 , provided that:

"(a) Requirement To Prescribe Reserve Component Force Structure.-The Secretary of each military department shall prescribe a force structure allowance for each reserve component under the jurisdiction of the Secretary. Each such force structure allowance for a reserve component-

"(1) shall be consistent with, but in no case include a number of personnel spaces that is less than, the authorized end strength for that component; and

"(2) shall be prescribed in accordance with historic service policies.

"(b) Definition.-For purposes of this section, the term 'force structure allowance' means the number and types of units and organizations, and the number of authorized personnel spaces allocated to those units and organizations, in a military force."

Limitation on Reduction in Number of Reserve Component Medical Personnel

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, §518, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2407 , as amended by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VII, §716, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2803 , provided that:

"(a) Limitation.-The Secretary of Defense may not reduce the number of medical personnel in any reserve component below the number of such personnel in that reserve component on September 30, 1992, unless the Secretary certifies to Congress that the number of such personnel to be reduced in a particular military department is excess to the current and projected needs for personnel in the Selected Reserve of that military department. The assessment of current and projected personnel needs under this subsection shall be consistent with the wartime requirements for Selected Reserve personnel identified in the final report on the comprehensive study of the military medical care system prepared pursuant to section 733 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 (Public Law 102–190; 10 U.S.C. 1071 note).

"(b) Definition.-In subsection (a), the term 'medical personnel' has the meaning given that term in section 115a(g)(2) of title 10, United States Code."

Pilot Program for Active Component Support of Reserves

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §517(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1651 , provided that:

"(1) The Secretary of the Army shall include in the annual report of the Secretary to Congress known as the Army Posture Statement a presentation relating to the implementation of the Pilot Program for Active Component Support of the Reserves under section 414 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 (Public Law 102–190; 10 U.S.C. 261 note [now set out below]), as amended by subsection (a).

"(2) Each such presentation shall include, with respect to the period covered by the report, the following information:

"(A) The promotion rate for officers considered for promotion from within the promotion zone who are serving as active component advisers to units of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve (in accordance with that program) compared with the promotion rate for other officers considered for promotion from within the promotion zone in the same pay grade and the same competitive category, shown for all officers of the Army.

"(B) The promotion rate for officers considered for promotion from below the promotion zone who are serving as active component advisers to units of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve (in accordance with that program) compared in the same manner as specified in subparagraph (A)."

Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IV, §414(a)–(d), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1352 , 1353, as amended by Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, §511(b), title XI, §1132, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2405 , 2541; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §517(a), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1650 ; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IV, §413, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2747 , provided that:

"(a) Pilot Program Required.-During fiscal years 1992 and 1993, the Secretary of the Army shall institute a pilot program to provide active component advisers to combat units, combat support units, and combat service support units in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve that have a high priority for deployment on a time-phased troop deployment list or have another contingent high priority for deployment. The advisers shall be assigned to full-time duty in connection with organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training such units.

"(b) Objectives of Program.-The objectives of the program are as follows:

"(1) To improve the readiness of units in the reserve components of the Army.

"(2) To increase substantially the number of active component personnel directly advising reserve component unit personnel.

"(3) To provide a basis for determining the most effective mix of reserve component personnel and active component personnel in organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training reserve component units.

"(4) To provide a basis for determining the most effective mix of active component officer and enlisted personnel in advising reserve component units regarding organizing, administering, recruiting, instructing, or training reserve component units.

"(c) Personnel To Be Assigned.-The Secretary shall assign not less than 2,000 active component personnel to serve as advisers under the program. After September 30, 1996, the number under the preceding sentence shall be increased to not less than 5,000.

"(d) Action on the Basis of Program Results.-Based on the experience under the pilot program, the Secretary of the Army shall by April 1, 1993, submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report containing the Secretary's evaluation of the program to that date. As part of the budget submission for fiscal year 1995, the Secretary shall submit any recommendations for expansion or modification of the program, together with a proposal for any statutory changes that the Secretary considers necessary to implement the program on a permanent basis. In no case may the number of active duty personnel assigned to the program decrease below the number specified for the pilot program."

Reserve Forces Readiness

Pub. L. 98–525, title V, §552(a)–(e), (g), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2530 , as amended by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1661(a)(3)(B), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2980 , provided that:

"(a)(1) The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a review of the various systems used to measure the readiness of reserve units of the Armed Forces and shall implement a measurement system for the active and reserve components of the Armed Forces to provide an objective and uniform evaluation of the readiness of all units of the Armed Forces. The measurement system should be designed to produce information adequate to provide comparisons concerning the readiness of all units. The system for evaluation of the readiness of a unit of an active component should incorporate the performance of any unit of a reserve component affiliated with the active component unit, including the effect of the reserve component unit on the mobilization capability of the active component unit.

"(2) Not later than March 31, 1985, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives describing the results of the review under paragraph (1) and the measurement system implemented in accordance with that paragraph.

"(b)(1) The Secretary of Defense, acting through the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, shall conduct a study to evaluate the feasibility of allocating equipment to units of reserve components based on a measure of effectiveness of such units. The study should consider the effects of allocating equipment by comparing units with similar deployment times and similar capabilities in terms of training and equipment rather than by comparing all reserve component units with each other. The study should be integrated with an evaluation of the system for measuring unit effectiveness to be implemented in accordance with subsection (a).

"(2) As part of the report under subsection (a)(2), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report on the study carried out under paragraph (1).

"(c) It is the sense of Congress that the number of members of the Army Reserve and of the Army National Guard assigned to full-time manning duty should be increased to 14 percent of the total membership of the Army Reserve and of the Army National Guard, respectively, by fiscal year 1989.

"(d)(1)(A) The Secretary of Defense, acting through the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, shall conduct a study of the benefits of a longer training program for certain units of the reserve components and shall conduct a test of such a program. The test program should begin at the earliest realistic date.

"(B) In developing training programs for the reserve components, the Secretary shall give increased attention to innovative training technologies, techniques, and schedules that recognize the limitations on time and the geographic dispersion of the reserve components.

"(2) Not later than March 31, 1985, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives describing the study under paragraph (1).

"(e) [Repealed. Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1661(a)(3)(B), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2980 .]

"(g) This section does not apply to the Coast Guard."

Cross References

Authorization of end strength of Selected Reserve of each reserve component of the armed forces, prerequisite to appropriation of funds to or for use of Selected Reserve, see section 115 of this title.