§2313. Examination of records of contractor

(a) Agency Authority.-(1) The head of an agency, acting through an authorized representative, is authorized to inspect the plant and audit the records of-

(A) a contractor performing a cost-reimbursement, incentive, time-and-materials, labor-hour, or price-redeterminable contract, or any combination of such contracts, made by that agency under this chapter; and

(B) a subcontractor performing any cost-reimbursement, incentive, time-and-materials, labor-hour, or price-redeterminable subcontract or any combination of such subcontracts under a contract referred to in subparagraph (A).

(2) The head of an agency, acting through an authorized representative, is authorized, for the purpose of evaluating the accuracy, completeness, and currency of certified cost or pricing data required to be submitted pursuant to section 2306a of this title with respect to a contract or subcontract, to examine all records of the contractor or subcontractor related to-

(A) the proposal for the contract or subcontract;

(B) the discussions conducted on the proposal;

(C) pricing of the contract or subcontract; or

(D) performance of the contract or subcontract.

(b) DCAA Subpoena Authority.-(1) The Director of the Defense Contract Audit Agency (or any successor agency) may require by subpoena the production of any records of a contractor that the Secretary of Defense is authorized to audit or examine under subsection (a).

(2) Any such subpoena, in the case of contumacy or refusal to obey, shall be enforceable by order of an appropriate United States district court.

(3) The authority provided by paragraph (1) may not be redelegated.

(4) The Director (or any successor official) shall submit an annual report to the Secretary of Defense on the exercise of such authority during the preceding year and the reasons why such authority was exercised in any instance. The Secretary shall forward a copy of each such report to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives.

(c) Comptroller General Authority.-(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), each contract awarded after using procedures other than sealed bid procedures shall provide that the Comptroller General and his representatives are authorized to examine any records of the contractor, or any of its subcontractors, that directly pertain to, and involve transactions relating to, the contract or subcontract.

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to a contract or subcontract with a foreign contractor or foreign subcontractor if the head of the agency concerned determines, with the concurrence of the Comptroller General or his designee, that the application of that paragraph to the contract or subcontract would not be in the public interest. However, the concurrence of the Comptroller General or his designee is not required-

(A) where the contractor or subcontractor is a foreign government or agency thereof or is precluded by the laws of the country involved from making its records available for examination; and

(B) where the head of the agency determines, after taking into account the price and availability of the property and services from United States sources, that the public interest would be best served by not applying paragraph (1).

(3) Paragraph (1) may not be construed to require a contractor or subcontractor to create or maintain any record that the contractor or subcontractor does not maintain in the ordinary course of business or pursuant to another provision of law.

(d) Limitation on Preaward Audits Relating to Indirect Costs.-The head of an agency may not perform a preaward audit to evaluate proposed indirect costs under any contract, subcontract, or modification to be entered into in accordance with this chapter in any case in which the contracting officer determines that the objectives of the audit can reasonably be met by accepting the results of an audit conducted by any other department or agency of the Federal Government within one year preceding the date of the contracting officer's determination.

(e) Limitation.-The authority of the head of an agency under subsection (a), and the authority of the Comptroller General under subsection (c), with respect to a contract or subcontract shall expire three years after final payment under such contract or subcontract.

(f) Inapplicability to Certain Contracts.-This section does not apply to the following contracts:

(1) Contracts for utility services at rates not exceeding those established to apply uniformly to the public, plus any applicable reasonable connection charge.

(2) A contract or subcontract that is for an amount not greater than the simplified acquisition threshold.

(g) Forms of Original Record Storage.-Nothing in this section shall be construed to preclude a contractor from duplicating or storing original records in electronic form.

(h) Use of Images of Original Records.-The head of an agency shall not require a contractor or subcontractor to provide original records in an audit carried out pursuant to this section if the contractor or subcontractor provides photographic or electronic images of the original records and meets the following requirements:

(1) The contractor or subcontractor has established procedures to ensure that the imaging process preserves the integrity, reliability, and security of the original records.

(2) The contractor or subcontractor maintains an effective indexing system to permit timely and convenient access to the imaged records.

(3) The contractor or subcontractor retains the original records for a minimum of one year after imaging to permit periodic validation of the imaging systems.

(i) Records Defined.-In this section, the term "records" includes books, documents, accounting procedures and practices, and other data, regardless of type and regardless of whether such items are in written form, in the form of computer data, or in any other form.

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 132 ; Sept. 27, 1966, Pub. L. 89–607, §1(2), 80 Stat. 850 ; July 18, 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2727(c), 98 Stat. 1195 ; Nov. 8, 1985, Pub. L. 99–145, title IX, §935, 99 Stat. 700 ; Apr. 21, 1987, Pub. L. 100–26, §7(g)(1), 101 Stat. 282 ; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIII, §1301(9), 104 Stat. 1668 ; Oct. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103–355, title II, §2201(a)(1), title IV, §4102(c), 108 Stat. 3316 , 3340.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised section	Source (U.S. Code)	Source (Statutes at Large)
2313(a)	41:153(b) (words after semicolon of last sentence).	Feb. 19, 1948, ch. 65, §4(b) (words after semicolon of last sentence), 62 Stat. 23 .
2313(b)	41:153(c).	Feb. 19, 1948, ch. 65, §4(c); added Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 652 (as applicable to §4(c); of the Act of Feb. 19, 1948, ch. 65), 65 Stat. 700.

In subsection (a), the words "An agency named in section 2303 of this title" are substituted for the words "a procuring agency". The words "made by that agency under this chapter" are inserted for clarity.

In subsection (b), the word "under" is substituted for the words "pursuant to authority contained in". The word "provide" is substituted for the words "include a clause to the effect". The words "are entitled" are substituted for the words "shall * * * have * * * the right". The words "of the United States", "duly authorized", "have access to and", and "engaged in the performance of" are omitted as surplusage.

Amendments

1994-Pub. L. 103–355, §2201(a)(1), amended section generally, striking out "of books" before "and records" in section catchline, and substituting subsecs. (a) to (i) for former subsecs. (a) to (d).

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 103–355, §4102(c), added par. (2).

1990-Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–510 struck out after cl. (2) "If subsection (b) is not applied to a contract or subcontract based on a determination under clause (2), a written report shall be furnished to the Congress."

1987-Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 100–26 substituted "section 2306a" for "section 2306(f)".

1985-Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–145 added subsec. (d).

1984-Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–369 substituted "awarded after using procedures other than sealed bid procedures" for "negotiated under this chapter".

1966-Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–607, §1(2)(A), substituted "Except as provided in subsection (c), each" for "Each".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–607, §1(2)(B), added subsec. (c).

Change of Name

Committee on Armed Services of House of Representatives changed to Committee on National Security of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Jan. 4, 1995.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

For effective date and applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 103–355, see section 10001 of Pub. L. 103–355, set out as a note under section 251 of Title 41, Public Contracts.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 applicable with respect to any solicitation for bids or proposals issued after Mar. 31, 1985, see section 2751 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 251 of Title 41, Public Contracts.

Exemption of Functions

Functions with respect to purchases authorized to be made outside limits of United States or District of Columbia under Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, as exempt, see Ex. Ord. No. 11223, May 12, 1965, 30 F.R. 6635, set out as a note under section 2393 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Foreign Contractors

Secretaries of Defense, Army, Navy, or Air Force, or their designees, to determine, prior to exercising authority provided in amendment of this section by Pub. L. 89–607 to exempt certain contracts with foreign contractors from requirement of an examination-of-records clause, that all reasonable efforts have been made to include such examination-of-records clause, as required by par. (11) of Part I of Ex. Ord. No. 10789, and that alternate sources of supply are not reasonably available, see par. (11) of Part I of Ex. Ord. No. 10789, Nov. 14, 1958, 23 F.R. 8897, as amended, set out as a note under section 1431 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 2306a, 2310, 2343 of this title; title 50 section 403c.