§1760. Miscellaneous provisions

(a) Accounts and records

States, State educational agencies, and schools participating in the school lunch program under this chapter shall keep such accounts and records as may be necessary to enable the Secretary to determine whether the provisions of this chapter are being complied with. Such accounts and records shall at all times be available for inspection and audit by representatives of the Secretary and shall be preserved for such period of time, not in excess of five years, as the Secretary determines is necessary.

(b) Agreements with State educational agencies

The Secretary shall incorporate, in the Secretary's agreements with the State educational agencies, the express requirements under this chapter with respect to the operation of the school lunch program under this chapter insofar as they may be applicable and such other provisions as in the Secretary's opinion are reasonably necessary or appropriate to effectuate the purposes of this chapter.

(c) Requirements with respect to teaching personnel, curriculum, instruction, etc.

In carrying out the provisions of this chapter, neither the Secretary nor the State shall impose any requirement with respect to teaching personnel, curriculum, instruction, methods of instruction, and materials of instruction in any school.

(d) Definitions

For the purposes of this chapter-

(1) "State" means any of the fifty States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

(2) "State educational agency" means, as the State legislature may determine, (A) the chief State school officer (such as the State superintendent of public instruction, commissioner of education, or similar officer), or (B) a board of education controlling the State department of education.

(3) "Participation rate" for a State means a number equal to the number of lunches, consisting of a combination of foods and meeting the minimum requirements prescribed by the Secretary pursuant to section 1758 of this title, served in the fiscal year beginning two years immediately prior to the fiscal year for which the Federal funds are appropriated by schools participating in the program under this chapter in the State, as determined by the Secretary.

(4) "Assistance need rate" (A) in the case of any State having an average annual per capita income equal to or greater than the average annual per capita income for all the States, shall be 5; and (B) in the case of any State having an average annual per capita income less than the average annual per capita income for all the States, shall be the product of 5 and the quotient obtained by dividing the average annual per capita income for all the States by the average annual per capita income for such State, except that such product may not exceed 9 for any such State. For the purposes of this paragraph (i) the average annual per capita income for any State and for all the States shall be determined by the Secretary on the basis of the average annual per capita income for each State and for all the States for the three most recent years for which such data are available and certified to the Secretary by the Department of Commerce; and (ii) the average annual per capita income for American Samoa shall be disregarded in determining the average annual per capita income for all the States for periods ending before July 1, 1967.

(5) "School" means (A) any public or nonprofit private school of high school grade or under, and (B) any public or licensed nonprofit private residential child care institution (including, but not limited to, orphanages and homes for the mentally retarded, but excluding Job Corps Centers funded by the Department of Labor). For purposes of this paragraph, the term "nonprofit", when applied to any such private school or institution, means any such school or institution which is exempt from tax under section 501(c)(3) of title 26.

(6) "School year" means the annual period from July 1 through June 30.

(7) "Commodity only schools" means schools that do not participate in the school lunch program under this chapter, but which receive commodities made available by the Secretary for use by such schools in nonprofit lunch programs.

(8) "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(e) Value of assistance as income or resources under Federal or State laws

The value of assistance to children under this chapter shall not be considered to be income or resources for any purposes under any Federal or State laws, including laws relating to taxation and welfare and public assistance programs.

(f) Adjustment of national average payment rate for Alaska, Hawaii, territories and possessions, etc.

In providing assistance for school breakfasts and lunches served in Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands of the United States, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Secretary may establish appropriate adjustments for each such State to the national average payment rates prescribed under sections 1753 and 1759a of this title and section 1773 of this title, to reflect the differences between the costs of providing lunches and breakfasts in those States and the costs of providing lunches and breakfasts in all other States.

(g) Criminal penalties

Whoever embezzles, willfully misapplies, steals, or obtains by fraud any funds, assets, or property that are the subject of a grant or other form of assistance under this chapter or the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 [42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.], whether received directly or indirectly from the United States Department of Agriculture, or whoever receives, conceals, or retains such funds, assets, or property to personal use or gain, knowing such funds, assets, or property have been embezzled, willfully misapplied, stolen, or obtained by fraud shall, if such funds, assets, or property are of the value of $100 or more, be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both, or, if such funds, assets, or property are of a value of less than $100, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.

(h) Combined allocation for breakfast and lunch

No provision of this chapter or of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 [42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.] shall require any school receiving funds under this chapter and the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 to account separately for the cost incurred in the school lunch and school breakfast programs.

(i) Use of school lunch facilities for elderly programs

Facilities, equipment, and personnel provided to a school food authority for a program authorized under this chapter or the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 [42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.] may be used, as determined by a local educational agency, to support a nonprofit nutrition program for the elderly, including a program funded under the Older Americans Act of 1965 [42 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.].

(j) Reimbursement for final claims

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary may provide reimbursements for final claims for service of meals, supplements, and milk submitted to State agencies by eligible schools, summer camps, family day care homes, institutions, and service institutions only if-

(A) the claims have been submitted to the State agencies not later than 60 days after the last day of the month for which the reimbursement is claimed; and

(B) the final program operations report for the month is submitted to the Secretary not later than 90 days after the last day of the month.

(2) The Secretary may waive the requirements of paragraph (1) at the discretion of the Secretary.

(k) Expedited rulemaking

(1) Prior to the publication of final regulations that implement changes that are intended to bring the meal pattern requirements of the school lunch and breakfast programs into conformance with the guidelines contained in the most recent "Dietary Guidelines for Americans" that is published under section 5341 of title 7 (referred to in this subsection as the "Guidelines"), the Secretary shall issue proposed regulations permitting the use of food-based menu systems.

(2) Notwithstanding chapter 5 of title 5, not later than 45 days after the publication of the proposed regulations permitting the use of food-based menu systems, the Secretary shall publish notice in the Federal Register of, and hold, a public meeting with-

(A) representatives of affected parties, such as Federal, State, and local administrators, school food service administrators, other school food service personnel, parents, and teachers; and

(B) organizations representing affected parties, such as public interest antihunger organizations, doctors specializing in pediatric nutrition, health and consumer groups, commodity groups, food manufacturers and vendors, and nutritionists involved with the implementation and operation of programs under this chapter and the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.);

to discuss and obtain public comments on the proposed rule.

(3) Not later than June 1, 1995, the Secretary shall issue final regulations to conform the nutritional requirements of the school lunch and breakfast programs with the Guidelines. The final regulations shall include-

(A) rules permitting the use of food-based menu systems; and

(B) adjustments to the rule on nutrition objectives for school meals published in the Federal Register on June 10, 1994 (59 Fed. Reg. 30218).

(4) No school food service authority shall be required to implement final regulations issued pursuant to this subsection until the regulations have been final for at least 1 year.

(5) The final regulations shall reflect comments made at each phase of the proposed rulemaking process, including the public meeting required under paragraph (2).

(l) Waiver of statutory and regulatory requirements

(1)(A) Except as provided in paragraph (4), the Secretary may waive any requirement under this chapter or the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.), or any regulation issued under either this chapter or such Act, for a State or eligible service provider that requests a waiver if-

(i) the Secretary determines that the waiver of the requirement would facilitate the ability of the State or eligible service provider to carry out the purpose of the program;

(ii) the State or eligible service provider has provided notice and information to the public regarding the proposed waiver; and

(iii) the State or eligible service provider demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the waiver will not increase the overall cost of the program to the Federal Government, and, if the waiver does increase the overall cost to the Federal Government, the cost will be paid from non-Federal funds.

(B) The notice and information referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be provided in the same manner in which the State or eligible service provider customarily provides similar notices and information to the public.

(2)(A) To request a waiver under paragraph (1), a State or eligible service provider (through the appropriate administering State agency) shall submit an application to the Secretary that-

(i) identifies the statutory or regulatory requirements that are requested to be waived;

(ii) in the case of a State requesting a waiver, describes actions, if any, that the State has undertaken to remove State statutory or regulatory barriers;

(iii) describes the goal of the waiver to improve services under the program and the expected outcomes if the waiver is granted;

(iv) includes a description of the impediments to the efficient operation and administration of the program;

(v) describes the management goals to be achieved, such as fewer hours devoted to, or fewer number of personnel involved in, the administration of the program;

(vi) provides a timetable for implementing the waiver; and

(vii) describes the process the State or eligible service provider will use to monitor the progress in implementing the waiver, including the process for monitoring the cost implications of the waiver to the Federal Government.

(B) An application described in subparagraph (A) shall be developed by the State or eligible service provider and shall be submitted to the Secretary by the State.

(3)(A) The Secretary shall act promptly on a waiver request contained in an application submitted under paragraph (2) and shall either grant or deny the request. The Secretary shall state in writing the reasons for granting or denying the request.

(B) If the Secretary grants a waiver request, the Secretary shall state in writing the expected outcome of granting the waiver.

(C) The result of the decision of the Secretary shall be disseminated by the State or eligible service provider through normal means of communication.

(D)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), a waiver granted by the Secretary under this subsection shall be for a period not to exceed 3 years.

(ii) The Secretary may extend the period if the Secretary determines that the waiver has been effective in enabling the State or eligible service provider to carry out the purposes of the program.

(4) The Secretary may not grant a waiver under this subsection of any requirement relating to-

(A) the nutritional content of meals served;

(B) Federal reimbursement rates;

(C) the provision of free and reduced price meals;

(D) offer versus serve provisions;

(E) limits on the price charged for a reduced price meal;

(F) maintenance of effort;

(G) equitable participation of children in private schools;

(H) distribution of funds to State and local school food service authorities and service institutions participating in a program under this chapter and the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.);

(I) the disclosure of information relating to students receiving free or reduced price meals and other recipients of benefits;

(J) prohibiting the operation of a profit producing program;

(K) the sale of competitive foods;

(L) the commodity distribution program under section 1762a of this title;

(M) the special supplemental nutrition program authorized under section 17 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786); and

(N) enforcement of any constitutional or statutory right of an individual, including any right under-

(i) title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.);

(ii) section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794);

(iii) title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.);

(iv) the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 (42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq.);

(v) the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.); and

(vi) the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.).

(5) The Secretary shall periodically review the performance of any State or eligible service provider for which the Secretary has granted a waiver under this subsection and shall terminate the waiver if the performance of the State or service provider has been inadequate to justify a continuation of the waiver. The Secretary shall terminate the waiver if, after periodic review, the Secretary determines that the waiver has resulted in an increase in the overall cost of the program to the Federal Government and the increase has not been paid for in accordance with paragraph (1)(A)(iii).

(6)(A)(i) An eligible service provider that receives a waiver under this subsection shall annually submit to the State a report that-

(I) describes the use of the waiver by the eligible service provider; and

(II) evaluates how the waiver contributed to improved services to children served by the program for which the waiver was requested.

(ii) The State shall annually submit to the Secretary a report that summarizes all reports received by the State from eligible service providers.

(B) The Secretary shall annually submit to the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a report-

(i) summarizing the use of waivers by the State and eligible service providers;

(ii) describing whether the waivers resulted in improved services to children;

(iii) describing the impact of the waivers on providing nutritional meals to participants; and

(iv) describing how the waivers reduced the quantity of paperwork necessary to administer the program.

(7) As used in this subsection, the term "eligible service provider" means-

(A) a local school food service authority;

(B) a service institution or private nonprofit organization described in section 1761 of this title; or

(C) a family or group day care home sponsoring organization described in section 1766 of this title.

(m) Food and nutrition projects

(1) The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service or through the Extension Service, shall award on an annual basis grants to a private nonprofit organization or educational institution in each of 3 States to create, operate, and demonstrate food and nutrition projects that are fully integrated with elementary school curricula.

(2) Each organization or institution referred to in paragraph (1) shall be selected by the Secretary and shall-

(A) assist local schools and educators in offering food and nutrition education that integrates math, science, and verbal skills in the elementary grades;

(B) assist local schools and educators in teaching agricultural practices through practical applications, like gardening;

(C) create community service learning opportunities or educational programs;

(D) be experienced in assisting in the creation of curriculum-based models in elementary schools;

(E) be sponsored by an organization or institution, or be an organization or institution, that provides information, or conducts other educational efforts, concerning the success and productivity of American agriculture and the importance of the free enterprise system to the quality of life in the United States; and

(F) be able to provide model curricula, examples, advice, and guidance to schools, community groups, States, and local organizations regarding means of carrying out similar projects.

(3) Subject to the availability of appropriations to carry out this subsection, the Secretary shall make grants to each of the 3 private organizations or institutions selected under this subsection in amounts of not less than $100,000, nor more than $200,000, for each of fiscal years 1995 through 1998.

(4) The Secretary shall establish fair and reasonable auditing procedures regarding the expenditure of funds under this subsection.

(5) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 1995 through 1998.

(June 4, 1946, ch. 281, §12, formerly §11, 60 Stat. 233 ; July 12, 1952, ch. 699, §1(c), 66 Stat. 591 ; Sept. 25, 1962, Pub. L. 87–688, §3(a), 76 Stat. 587 ; renumbered §12 and amended Oct. 15, 1962, Pub. L. 87–823, §5, 76 Stat. 945 ; May 14, 1970, Pub. L. 91–248, §1(b), 84 Stat. 208 ; Oct. 7, 1975, Pub. L. 94–105, §9, 89 Stat. 514 ; Nov. 10, 1977, Pub. L. 95–166, §§3, 19(c), 91 Stat. 1332 , 1345; Nov. 10, 1978, Pub. L. 95–627, §§6(a), 10(a), (b), 92 Stat. 3620 , 3623; Dec. 5, 1980, Pub. L. 96–499, title II, §205, 94 Stat. 2601 ; Aug. 13, 1981, Pub. L. 97–35, title VIII, §§808(a), 813(d), 819(c), 95 Stat. 527 , 530, 533; Oct. 18, 1986, Pub. L. 99–500, title III, §§325(a), 326, 373(a), 100 Stat. 1783–361 , 1783-369, and Oct. 30, 1986, Pub. L. 99–591, title III, §§325(a), 326, 373(a), 100 Stat. 3341–364 , 3341-365, 3341-372; Nov. 14, 1986, Pub. L. 99–661, div. D, title II, §§4205(a), 4206, title V, §4503(a), 100 Stat. 4072 , 4073, 4081; July 11, 1987, Pub. L. 100–71, title I, §101(a), 101 Stat. 429 ; Nov. 10, 1989, Pub. L. 101–147, title III, §§306, 312(1), 103 Stat. 914 , 916; Nov. 2, 1994, Pub. L. 103–448, title I, §§112(a)(1), (b)–(d), 113, 108 Stat. 4708–4712 .)

References in Text

The Child Nutrition Act of 1966, referred to in subsecs. (g) to (i), (k)(2)(B), and (l)(1)(A), (4)(H), is Pub. L. 89–642, Oct. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 885 , as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 13A (§1771 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1771 of this title and Tables.

The Older Americans Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (i), is Pub. L. 89–73, July 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 218 , as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§3001 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3001 of this title and Tables.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (l)(4)(N)(i), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241 , as amended. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of this title and Tables.

The Education Amendments of 1972, referred to in subsec. (l)(4)(N)(iii), is Pub. L. 92–318, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 235 , as amended. Title IX of the Act is classified principally to chapter 38 (§1681 et seq.) of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1972 Amendment note set out under section 1001 of Title 20 and Tables.

The Age Discrimination Act of 1975, referred to in subsec. (l)(4)(N)(iv), is title III of Pub. L. 94–135, Nov. 28, 1975, 89 Stat. 728 , as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 76 (§6101 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6101 of this title and Tables.

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (l)(4)(N)(v), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327 , which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§12101 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of this title and Tables.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in subsec. (l)(4)(N)(vi), is title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 175 , as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1400 et seq.) of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1400 of Title 20 and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

Amendments

1994-Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 103–448, §112(a)(1), in first sentence struck out cl. (C) which read as follows: "with respect to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, nonprofit child care centers certified as such by the Governor of Puerto Rico" and in second sentence struck out "of clauses (A) and (B)" after "For purposes".

Subsecs. (j) to (m). Pub. L. 103–448, §§112(b)–(d), 113, added subsecs. (j) to (m).

1989-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–147, §312(1), substituted "school lunch" for "school-lunch".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–147, §§306(b)(1), 312(1), substituted "the Secretary's" for "his" in two places and "school lunch" for "school-lunch".

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 101–147, §306(b)(2), substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954", which for purposes of codification was translated as "title 26" thus requiring no change in text.

Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 101–147, §306(a)(1), amended par. (8), as amended identically by Pub. L. 99–500 and 99–591, §373(a), and Pub. L. 99–661, §4503(a), to read as if only the amendment by Pub. L. 99–661 was enacted, resulting in no change in text, see 1986 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–147, §306(b)(3), substituted "personal" for "his" before "use".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–147, §306(b)(4), struck out "(42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.)" after "Child Nutrition Act of 1966" and "(42 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.)" after "Older Americans Act of 1965".

Pub. L. 101–147, §306(a)(2), amended subsec. (i), as amended identically by Pub. L. 99–500 and 99–591, §326, and Pub. L. 99–661, §4206, to read as if only the amendment by Pub. L. 99–661 was enacted, resulting in no change in text, see 1986 Amendment note below.

1987-Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 100–71 amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: " 'School' means (A) any public or nonprofit private school of high school grade or under, (B) any public or licensed nonprofit private residential child care institution (including, but not limited to, orphanages and homes for the mentally retarded, but excluding Job Corps Centers funded by the Department of Labor), and (C) with respect to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, nonprofit child care centers certified as such by the Governor of Puerto Rico. For purposes of clauses (A) and (B) of this paragraph, the term 'nonprofit', when applied to any such private school or institution, means any such school or institution which is exempt from tax under section 501(c)(3) of title 26. On July 1, 1988, and each July 1 thereafter, the Secretary shall adjust the tuition limitation amount prescribed in clause (A) of the first sentence of this paragraph to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers during the most recent 12-month period for which the data is available."

1986-Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 99–661, §4205(a)(2), inserted "On July 1, 1988, and each July 1 thereafter, the Secretary shall adjust the tuition limitation amount prescribed in clause (A) of the first sentence of this paragraph to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers during the most recent 12-month period for which the data is available."

Subsec. (d)(5)(A). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §325(a), which directed the amendment of subpar. (A) by striking out "except private schools whose average yearly tuition exceeds $1,500 per child," after "grade or under," was executed by striking out "except private schools whose average yearly tuition exceeds $2,000 per child," after "grade or under," to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment of subpar. (A) by Pub. L. 99–661, §4205(a)(1). See below.

Pub. L. 99–661, §4205(a)(1), substituted "$2,000" for "$1,500".

Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §373(a), and Pub. L. 99–661, §4503(a), amended subsec. (d) identically, adding par. (8).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §326, and Pub. L. 99–661, §4206, amended section identically, adding subsec. (i).

1981-Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–35, §819(c)(1), struck out par. (3) which defined "food service equipment assistance", and redesignated pars. (4) to (8) as (3) to (7), respectively.

Pub. L. 97–35, §808(a), inserted reference to private schools in par. (6).

Pub. L. 97–35, §813(d), added par. (8).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–35, §819(c)(2), struck out provisions relating to net cost of operating limitation.

1980-Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 96–499 inserted ", but excluding Job Corps Centers funded by the Department of Labor".

1978-Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 95–627, §10(b), substituted "from July 1 through June 30" for "determined in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary".

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 95–627, §10(a), added subsecs. (f) and (g).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–627, §6(a), added subsec. (h).

1977-Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 95–166, §3, substituted "food service equipment assistance" for "nonfood assistance".

Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 95–166, §19(c), added par. (7).

1975-Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 94–105, §9(b), inserted reference to Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

Subsec. (d)(3) to (7). Pub. L. 94–105, §9(a), (c), struck out par. (3) defining "Nonprofit private schools", redesignated pars. (4) to (7) as (3) to (6), respectively, and in par. (6), as so redesignated, expanded definition of "school" to include any public or licensed nonprofit private residential child care institution, including, but not limited to, orphanages and homes for the mentally retarded, and inserted provision defining "nonprofit" as any school or institution exempt under section 501(c)(3) of title 26.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 94–105, §9(d), added subsec. (e).

1970-Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 91–248 provided that data upon which State apportionments are calculated is program year completed two years immediately prior to fiscal year for which appropriation is requested.

1962-Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–823 struck out requirement of just and equitable distribution of funds in States maintaining separate schools for minority and majority races.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 87–823 redefined "State" in par. (1) to recognize Hawaiian and Alaskan statehood and to include American Samoa; "State educational agency" in par. (2) to exclude an exception applicable to the District of Columbia and language which was effective by its terms only through June 30, 1948; "nonprofit private school" in par. (3), substituting "section 501(c)(3) of title 26" for "section 101(6) of title 26"; and "nonfood assistance" in par. (4), substituting "used by schools" for "used on school premises"; and added pars. (5) to (7).

Pub. L. 87–688 inserted "American Samoa," after "Guam".

1952-Subsec. (d)(1). Act July 12, 1952, included Guam within definition of State.

Change of Name

Committee on Education and Labor of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Jan. 4, 1995.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Section 112(a)(2) of Pub. L. 103–448 provided that: "The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall become effective on October 1, 1995."

Amendment by sections 112(b)–(d) and 113 of Pub. L. 103–448 effective Oct. 1, 1994, see section 401 of Pub. L. 103–448, set out as a note under section 1755 of this title.

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Section 101(c) of Pub. L. 100–71 provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending sections 1760 and 1784 of this title] shall take effect on July 1, 1987."

Effective Date of 1986 Amendments

Section 4205(c) of Pub. L. 99–661 provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by subsections (a)(1) and (b)(1) [amending sections 1760 and 1784 of this title] shall apply for the fiscal year beginning on October 1, 1986, and each school year thereafter.

"(2) The amendments made by subsections (a)(2) and (b)(2) [amending sections 1760 and 1784 of this title] shall apply for the school year beginning on July 1, 1988, and each school year thereafter."

Section 325(c) of Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending sections 1760 and 1784 of this title] shall take effect July 1, 1987."

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by sections 808 and 819 of Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, and amendment by section 813 of Pub. L. 97–35 effective 90 days after Aug. 13, 1981, see section 820(a)(3)–(5) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 1753 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–627 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 14 of Pub. L. 95–627, set out as a note under section 1755 of this title.

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Section 19 of Pub. L. 95–166 provided that the amendment made by that section is effective July 1, 1977.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–688 applicable only with respect to funds appropriated after Sept. 25, 1962, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 87–688, set out as a note under section 1753 of this title.

Effective Date of 1952 Amendment

Amendment by act July 12, 1952, effective only with respect to funds appropriated after July 12, 1952, see section 1(d) of act July 12, 1952, set out as a note under section 1753 of this title.

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Study of Cost Accounting Requirements

Section 21 of Pub. L. 94–105 prohibited Secretary from delaying or withholding or causing any State to delay or withhold payments for reimbursement of per-meal costs on basis of noncompliance with cost accounting procedures until requirements of subsec. (b) of this section have been met, and called for a study by Secretary of additional personnel and training needs of States, school districts, and schools resulting from requirement of full cost accounting procedures, such report with recommendations to be submitted to appropriate committees of Congress within one year after Oct. 7, 1975.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in section 1758 of this title.