§3103. Definitions

When used in this chapter-

(1) the term "Advisory Board" means the National Agricultural Research and Extension Users Advisory Board;

(2) the term "agricultural research" means research in the food and agricultural sciences;

(3) the term "aquaculture" means the propagation and rearing of aquacultural species, including, but not limited to, any species of finfish, mollusk, or crustacean (or other aquatic invertebrate), amphibian, reptile, or aquatic plant, in controlled or selected environments;

(4) the terms "college" and "university" mean an educational institution in any State which (A) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, (B) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education, (C) provides an educational program for which a bachelor's degree or any other higher degree is awarded, (D) is a public or other nonprofit institution, and (E) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association;

(5) the term "cooperative extension services" means the organizations established at the land-grant colleges and universities under the Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. 372 374, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 341 349), and section 209(b) of the Act of October 26, 1974 (88 Stat. 1428, as amended; D.C. Code, sec. 31 1719(b));

(6) the term "Department of Agriculture" means the United States Department of Agriculture;

(7) the term "extension" means the informal education programs conducted in the States in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture;

(8) the term "food and agricultural sciences" means basic, applied, and developmental research, extension, and teaching activities in the food, agricultural, renewable natural resources, forestry, and physical and social sciences, in the broadest sense of these terms, including but not limited to, activities relating to:

(A) agriculture, including soil and water conservation and use, the use of organic waste materials to improve soil tilth and fertility, plant and animal production and protection, and plant and animal health;

(B) the processing, distributing, marketing, and utilization of food and agricultural products;

(C) forestry, including range management, production of forest and range products, multiple use of forest and range lands, and urban forestry;

(D) aquaculture;

(E) home economics, including consumer affairs, food and nutrition, clothing and textiles, housing, and family well-being and financial management;

(F) rural community welfare and development;

(G) youth development, including 4 H clubs;

(H) domestic and export market expansion for United States agricultural products;

(I) production inputs, such as energy, to improve productivity; and

(J) international food and agricultural issues, such as agricultural development, development of institutions, germ plasm collection and preservation, information exchange and storage, and scientific exchanges;

(9) the term "Joint Council" means the Joint Council on Food and Agricultural Sciences;

(10) the term "land-grant colleges and universities" means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of July 2, 1862 (12 Stat. 503 505, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 301 305, 307 and 308), or the Act of August 30, 1890 (26 Stat. 417 419, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 321 326 and 328), including the Tuskegee Institute;

(11) the term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States;

(12) the term "State" means any one of the fifty States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and the District of Columbia;

(13) the term "State agricultural experiment stations" means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of March 2, 1887 (24 Stat. 440 442, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 361a 361i);

(14) the term "teaching" means formal classroom instruction, laboratory instruction, and practicum experience in the food and agricultural sciences and matters relating thereto (such as faculty development, student recruitment and services, curriculum development, instructional materials and equipment, and innovative teaching methodologies) conducted by colleges and universities offering baccalaureate or higher degrees;

(15) the term "cooperating forestry schools" means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962;

(16) the term "State cooperative institutions" or "State cooperative agents" means institutions or agents designated by-

(A) the Act of July 2, 1862 (7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), commonly known as the First Morrill Act;

(B) the Act of August 30, 1890 (7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.), commonly known as the Second Morrill Act, including the Tuskegee Institute;

(C) the Act of March 2, 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.), commonly known as the Hatch Act of 1887;

(D) the Act of May 8, 1914 (7 U.S.C. 341 et seq.), commonly known as the Smith-Lever Act;

(E) the Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962; and

(F) subchapters V, VI, XI, and XII of this chapter;

(17) the term "sustainable agriculture" means an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will, over the long-term-

(A) satisfy human food and fiber needs;

(B) enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agriculture economy depends;

(C) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls;

(D) sustain the economic viability of farm operations; and

(E) enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole; and

(18) the term "Technology Board" means the Agricultural Science and Technology Review Board established in section 3123a of this title.

(Pub. L. 95 113, title XIV, §1404, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 983; Pub. L. 97 98, title XIV, §1404, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 99 198, title XIV, §1403, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1544; Pub. L. 101 624, title XVI, §1603, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3705; Pub. L. 102 237, title IV, §402(3), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1863.)

References in Text

For definition of "this chapter", referred to in text, see note set out under section 3102 of this title.

The Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914, referred to in pars. (5) and (16)(D), is act May 18, 1914, ch. 79, 38 Stat. 372 , as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter IV (§341 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 341 of this title and Tables.

Act of July 2, 1862, 12 Stat. 503, referred to in pars. (10) and (16)(A), is popularly known as the "Morrill Act" and also as the "First Morrill Act", which is classified generally to subchapter I (§301 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under 301 of this title and Tables.

Act of August 30, 1890, 26 Stat. 417, referred to in pars. (10) and (16)(B), is popularly known as the "Agricultural College Act of 1890" and also as the "Second Morrill Act", which is classified generally to subchapter II (§321 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 321 of this title and Tables.

Act of March 2, 1887, referred to in pars. (13) and (16)(C), is act Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, 24 Stat. 440 , as amended, popularly known as the Hatch Act of 1887, which is classified generally to sections 361a to 361i of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 361a of this title and Tables.

Act of October 10, 1962, referred to in pars. (15) and 16(E), is Pub. L. 87 788, Oct. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 806, as amended, known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§582a et seq.) of chapter 3 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Amendments

1991-Par. (18). Pub. L. 102 237 inserted "and" after "Science".

1990-Par. (16)(F). Pub. L. 101 624, §1603(2), inserted reference to subchapter VI of this chapter.

Pars. (17), (18). Pub. L. 101 624, §1603(1), (3), added pars. (17) and (18).

1985-Par. (8)(J). Pub. L. 99 198 added subpar. (J).

1981-Par. (8). Pub. L. 97 98, §1404(1), substituted in provision preceding subpar. (A) "basic, applied, and developmental research, extension, and teaching activities in the food, agricultural, renewable natural resources, forestry, and physical and social sciences, in the broadest sense of these terms, including but not limited to, activities relating to" for "sciences relating to food and agriculture in the broadest sense, including the social, economic, and political considerations of", in subpar. (E) "including consumer affairs, food and nutrition, clothing and textiles, housing, and family well-being and financial management;" for "human nutrition, and family life; and", and in subpar. (F) "community welfare and development" for "and community development", and added subpars. (G) to (I).

Par. (12). Pub. L. 97 98, §1404(2), struck out "except as provided in subchapter VII of this chapter," before "the term" and included within term "State" American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

Par. (14). Pub. L. 97 98, §1404(4), struck out reference to laboratory training, inserted reference to practicum experience and matters relating to formal classroom instruction, laboratory instruction, and practicum experience, and substituted provision that the teaching be conducted at colleges or universities offering baccalaureate or higher degrees for provision that the teaching be conducted at colleges and universities leading to a baccalaureate and other recognized degrees.

Pars. (15), (16). Pub. L. 97 98, §1404(5), added pars. (15) and (16).

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97 98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97 98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95 113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 450i, 2027, 3319, 3292, 5801, 5931 of this title.