subpart b—conservation reserve

Subpart Referred to in Other Sections

This subpart is referred to in sections 3812, 3830, 3837 of this title; title 7 sections 6932, 6962.

§3831. Conservation reserve

(a) In general

Through the 1995 calendar year, the Secretary shall formulate and carry out the enrollment of lands in a conservation reserve program through the use of contracts to assist owners and operators of lands specified in subsection (b) of this section to conserve and improve the soil and water resources of such lands.

(b) Eligible lands

The Secretary may include in the program established under this subpart—

(1) highly erodible croplands that—

(A) if permitted to remain untreated could substantially reduce the production capability for future generations; or

(B) can not be farmed in accordance with a plan under section 3812 of this title;

(2) marginal pasture lands converted to wetland or established as wildlife habitat prior to November 28, 1990;

(3) marginal pasture lands to be devoted to trees in or near riparian areas or for similar water quality purposes, not to exceed 10 percent of the number of acres of land that is placed in the conservation reserve under this subpart in each of the 1991 through 1995 calendar years;

(4) croplands that are otherwise not eligible—

(A) if the Secretary determines that (i) such lands contribute to the degradation of water quality or would pose an on-site or off-site environmental threat to water quality if permitted to remain in agricultural production, and (ii) water quality objectives with respect to such land cannot be achieved under the water quality incentives program established under part II of this subchapter;

(B) if such croplands are newly-created, permanent grass sod waterways, or are contour grass sod strips established and maintained as part of an approved conservation plan;

(C) that will be devoted to newly established living snow fences, permanent wildlife habitat, windbreaks, shelterbelts, or filterstrips devoted to trees or shrubs; or

(D) if the Secretary determines that such lands pose an off-farm environmental threat, or pose a threat of continued degradation of productivity due to soil salinity, if permitted to remain in production.

(c) Certain land affected by secretarial action

For purposes of determining the eligibility of land to be placed in the conservation reserve established under this subpart, land shall be considered planted to an agricultural commodity during a crop year if an action of the Secretary prevented land from being planted to the commodity during the crop year.

(d) Maximum enrollment

The Secretary shall enter into contracts under this section to place in the conservation reserve a total of 38,000,000 acres during the 1986 through 1995 calendar years. In enrolling such acres, the Secretary shall reserve 1 million acres for enrollment under this section in the 1995 calendar year.

(e) Duration of contract

(1) In general

For the purpose of carrying out this subpart, the Secretary shall enter into contracts of not less than 10, nor more than 15, years.

(2) Certain lands

In the case of land devoted to hardwood trees, shelterbelts, windbreaks, or wildlife corridors under a contract entered into under this subpart after October 1, 1990, and land devoted to such uses under contracts modified under section 3835A of this title, the owner or operator of such land may, within the limitations prescribed under this section, specify the duration of the contract. The Secretary may, in the case of land that is devoted to hardwood trees under a contract entered into under this subpart prior to October 1, 1990, extend such contract for not to exceed 5 years, as agreed to by the owner or operator of such land and the Secretary.

(f) Conservation priority areas

(1) Designation

Upon application by the appropriate State agency, the Secretary shall designate watershed areas of the Chesapeake Bay Region (Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia), the Great Lakes Region, the Long Island Sound Region, and other areas of special environmental sensitivity as conservation priority areas.

(2) Eligible watersheds

Watersheds eligible for designation under this subsection shall include areas with actual and significant adverse water quality or habitat impacts related to agricultural production activities.

(3) Expiration

Conservation priority area designation under this subsection shall expire after 5 years, subject to redesignation, except that the Secretary may withdraw a watershed's designation—

(A) upon application by the appropriate State agency; or

(B) in the case of areas specified in this subsection, if the Secretary finds that such areas no longer contain actual and significant adverse water quality or habitat impacts related to agricultural production activities.

(4) Duty of Secretary

In utilizing the authority granted under this subsection, the Secretary shall attempt to maximize water quality and habitat benefits in such watersheds by promoting a significant level of enrollment of lands within such watersheds in the program under this subpart by whatever means the Secretary determines appropriate and consistent with the purposes of this subpart.

(g) Multi-year grasses and legumes

For purposes of this subpart, alfalfa and other multi-year grasses and legumes in a rotation practice, approved by the Secretary, shall be considered agricultural commodities.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XII, §1231, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1509; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(a) [title VI, §643], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783, 1783-36, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(a) [title VI, §643], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341, 3341-36; Pub. L. 99–641, title II, §205, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3563; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIV, §§1432(2), 1447(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3577, 3605; Pub. L. 102–324, §1(a), July 22, 1992, 106 Stat. 447; Pub. L. 103–66, title I, §1402(b), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 332.)

Codification

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

Amendments

1993—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–66 in first sentence substituted "shall" for "may" after "The Secretary" and "a total of 38,000,000 acres during the 1986 through 1995 calendar years" for "the amount of acres specified in section 3830(b) of this title" and in second sentence substituted "the 1995 calendar year" for "each of calendar years 1994 and 1995".

1992—Subsec. (b)(4)(C). Pub. L. 102–324 struck out ", and made subject to an easement for the useful life of," after "will be devoted to".

1990—Pub. L. 101–624, §1432(2), amended section generally, adding subsecs. (b), (c), (d), (e)(2), and (f), amending subsec. (a) by extending applicability of provisions from 1990 through 1995 and substituting reference to lands specified in subsec. (b) for reference to highly erodible cropland, redesignating subsec. (e) as subsec. (e)(1), and redesignating subsec. (f) as (g).

Pub. L. 101–624, §1447(a), substituted "this subpart" for "this subchapter" wherever appearing in this section as it existed prior to enactment of Pub. L. 101–624.

1986—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–500, Pub. L. 99–591, and Pub. L. 99–641 made substantially identical amendments adding subsec. (f).

Study of Land Use for Expiring Contracts and Extension of Authority

Section 1437 of Pub. L. 101–624 provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct a study of cropland subject to expiring conservation reserve contracts entered into prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990] under subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.). Such study shall include the consideration of—

"(1) the environmental benefits of such lands that remain out of crop production as compared to the economic benefits that would result from returning such lands to production under adequate stewardship and management;

"(2) the renewal of the contracts in a manner that allows for certain sustainable economic uses of cropland in return for lower rental payments;

"(3) the purchase of permanent easements permitting specified economic uses of cropland subject to the contracts;

"(4) the purchase of the cropland subject to the contracts;

"(5) the preservation of crop acreage bases associated with cropland subject to the contracts if the owner or operator continues to devote the cropland to conserving uses;

"(6) the purchase of crop acreage bases associated with cropland subject to the contracts; and

"(7) the expiration of the contracts.

"(b) Report.—Not later than December 31, 1993, the Secretary of Agriculture shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report concerning the results of the study conducted under subsection (a) and recommendations concerning the treatment of lands subject to expiring contracts under subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 [16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.], proposed legislation addressing the treatment of such lands, and the projected cost of such treatment.

"(c) Extensions.—During the 1996 through 2000 calendar years, the Secretary of Agriculture may—

"(1) extend up to 10 years contracts entered into under subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831) [16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.] prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990]; or

"(2) purchase long-term or permanent easements as provided for in chapter 3 [16 U.S.C. 3839 et seq.];

at the option of the owner or operator on land that the Secretary has determined under the study conducted under subsection (a) should remain in conserving uses."

Existing Conservation Programs

Pub. L. 99–263, Mar. 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 59, provided: "That the conservation reserve program shall not replace or reduce any existing conservation program."

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 3811, 3821, 3837, 3839 of this title.

§3832. Duties of owners and operators

(a) Terms of contract

Under the terms of a contract entered into under this subpart, during the term of such contract, an owner or operator of a farm or ranch must agree—

(1) to implement a plan approved by the local conservation district (or in an area not located within a conservation district, a plan approved by the Secretary) for converting eligible lands normally devoted to the production of an agricultural commodity on the farm or ranch to a less intensive use (as defined by the Secretary), such as pasture, permanent grass, legumes, forbs, shrubs, or trees, substantially in accordance with a schedule outlined in the plan;

(2) to place highly erodible cropland subject to the contract in the conservation reserve established under this subpart;

(3) not to use such land for agricultural purposes, except as permitted by the Secretary;

(4) to establish approved vegetative cover, or water cover for the enhancement of wildlife, on such land, except that such water cover shall not include ponds for the purpose of watering livestock, irrigating crops, or raising fish for commercial purposes;

(5) in addition to the remedies provided under section 3836(d) of this title, on the violation of a term or condition of the contract at any time the owner or operator has control of such land—

(A) to forfeit all rights to receive rental payments and cost sharing payments under the contract and to refund to the Secretary any rental payments and cost sharing payments received by the owner or operator under the contract, together with interest thereon as determined by the Secretary, if the Secretary, after considering the recommendations of the soil conservation district and the Soil Conservation Service, determines that such violation is of such nature as to warrant termination of the contract; or

(B) to refund to the Secretary, or accept adjustments to, the rental payments and cost sharing payments provided to the owner or operator, as the Secretary considers appropriate, if the Secretary determines that such violation does not warrant termination of the contract;

(6) on the transfer of the right and interest of the owner or operator in land subject to the contract—

(A) to forfeit all rights to rental payments and cost sharing payments under the contract; and

(B) to refund to the United States all rental payments and cost sharing payments received by the owner or operator, or accept such payment adjustments or make such refunds as the Secretary considers appropriate and consistent with the objectives of this subpart;

unless the transferee of such land agrees with the Secretary to assume all obligations of the contract, or the transferee and the Secretary agree to modifications to such contract, where such modifications are consistent with the objectives of the program as determined by the Secretary; Provided however, no refund of rental payments and cost sharing payments shall be required when the land is purchased by or for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service;

(7) not to conduct any harvesting or grazing, nor otherwise make commercial use of the forage, on land that is subject to the contract, nor adopt any similar practice specified in the contract by the Secretary as a practice that would tend to defeat the purposes of the contract, except that the Secretary may permit harvesting or grazing or other commercial use of the forage on land that is subject to the contract in response to a drought or other similar emergency, and the Secretary may permit limited grazing on such land where such grazing is incidental to the gleaning of crop residues on the fields in which such land is located and occurs during the 7-month period in which grazing of conserving use acreage is allowed in a State under the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.) or after the producer harvests the grain crop of the surrounding field for a reduction in rental payment commensurate with the limited economic value of such incidental grazing;

(8) not to conduct any planting of trees on land that is subject to the contract unless the contract specifies that the harvesting and commercial sale of trees such as Christmas trees are prohibited, nor otherwise make commercial use of trees on land that is subject to the contract unless it is expressly permitted in the contract, nor adopt any similar practice specified in the contract by the Secretary as a practice that would tend to defeat the purposes of the contract, except that no contract shall prohibit activities consistent with customary forestry practice, such as pruning, thinning, or stand improvement of trees, on lands converted to forestry use;

(9) not to adopt any practice specified by the Secretary in the contract as a practice that would tend to defeat the purposes of this subpart; and

(10) to comply with such additional provisions as the Secretary determines are desirable and are included in the contract to carry out this subpart or to facilitate the practical administration thereof; and

(11) with respect to any contract entered into after November 28, 1990, concerning highly erodible land in a county that has not reached the limitation established by section 3843(f) of this title—

(A) not to produce an agricultural commodity for the duration of the contract on any other highly erodible land that such owner or operator has purchased after November 28, 1990, and that does not have a history of being used to produce an agricultural commodity other than forage crops; and

(B) on the violation of a contract described in subparagraph (A), to be subject to the sanctions described in paragraph (5).

(b) Conversion plan provisions

The plan referred to in subsection (a)(1) of this section—

(1) shall set forth—

(A) the conservation measures and practices to be carried out by the owner or operator during the term of the contract; and

(B) the commercial use, if any, to be permitted on the land during such term; and

(2) may provide for the permanent retirement of any existing cropland base and allotment history for the land.

(c) Environmental use

To the extent practicable, not less than one-eighth of land that is placed in the conservation reserve under this subpart during the 1991 through 1995 calendar years shall be devoted to trees, or devoted to shrubs or other noncrop vegetation or water that may provide a permanent habitat for wildlife including migratory waterfowl.

(d) Alley cropping

(1) The Secretary may permit alley cropping of agricultural commodities on land that is subject to contracts entered into under this subpart, if—

(A) such land is planted to hardwood trees;

(B) such agricultural commodities will be produced in conjunction with, and in close proximity to, such hardwood trees; and

(C) the owner or operator of such land agrees to implement appropriate conservation practices concerning such land.

(2) The Secretary shall develop a bid system by which owners and operators may offer to reduce their annual rental payments in exchange for permission to produce agricultural commodities on such land in accordance with this subsection. The Secretary shall not accept offers under this paragraph that provide for less than a 50 percent reduction in such annual payments.

(3) The Secretary shall ensure that the total annual rental payments over the term of any contract modified under this subsection are not in excess of that specified in the original contract.

(4) For the purposes of this subsection, the term "alley cropping" means the practice of planting rows of trees bordered on each side by a narrow strip of groundcover, alternated with wider strips of row crops or grain.

(e) Foreclosure

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an owner or operator who is a party to a contract entered into under this subpart may not be required to make repayments to the Secretary of amounts received under such contract if the land that is subject to such contract has been foreclosed upon and the Secretary determines that forgiving such repayments is appropriate in order to provide fair and equitable treatment. This subsection shall not void the responsibilities of such an owner or operator under the contract if such owner or operator resumes control over the property that is subject to the contract within the period specified in the contract. Upon the resumption of such control over the property by the owner or operator, the provisions of the contract in effect on the date of the foreclosure shall apply.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XII, §1232, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1509; Pub. L. 101–512, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1919; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIV, §§1433, 1447(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3579, 3605; Pub. L. 102–237, title II, §204(5), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1855; Pub. L. 102–552, title V, §516(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4136.)

References in Text

The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (a)(7), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§1421 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of Title 7 and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 101–512 and Pub. L. 101–624 were approved by the President after Congress adjourned and in reverse order of passage by Congress. Accordingly, the amendments made by Pub. L. 101–624 were executed to text prior to the amendment made by Pub. L. 101–512 to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Amendments

1992—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 102–552 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 101–512. See 1991 Amendment note below.

1991—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 102–237, §204(5)(A), struck out extra semicolon after "determined by the Secretary;".

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 102–237, §204(5)(B), struck out "fall and winter" after "Secretary may permit limited" and substituted "and occurs during the 7-month period in which grazing of conserving use acreage is allowed in a State under the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.) or after the producer harvests the grain crop of the surrounding field for a reduction in rental payment commensurate with the limited economic value of such incidental grazing" for "for an applicable reduction in rental payment".

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–624, §1447(a), substituted reference to this subpart for reference to this subchapter wherever appearing.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–624, §1433(a)(1), substituted "eligible lands" for "highly erodible cropland".

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 101–624, §1433(a)(2), inserted ", or water cover for the enhancement of wildlife," after "cover" and ", except that such water cover shall not include ponds for the purpose of watering livestock, irrigating crops, or raising fish for commercial purposes" after "land".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 101–624, §1433(a)(3), inserted reference to remedies under section 3836(d) of this title.

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 101–624, §1433(a)(4), inserted before semicolon at end ", or the transferee and the Secretary agree to modifications to such contract, where such modifications are consistent with the objectives of the program as determined by the Secretary;". See Codification note above.

Pub. L. 101–512, as amended by Pub. L. 102–552, inserted at end "Provided however, no refund of rental payments and cost sharing payments shall be required when the land is purchased by or for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service;". See Codification note above.

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 101–624, §1433(a)(5), inserted before semicolon at end ", and the Secretary may permit limited fall and winter grazing on such land where such grazing is incidental to the gleaning of crop residues on the fields in which such land is located for an applicable reduction in rental payment".

Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 101–624, §1433(a)(6)–(8), added par. (11).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–624, §1433(b), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "To the extent practicable, not less than one eighth of the number of acres of land that is placed in the conservation reserve under this subpart in each of the 1986 through 1990 crop years shall be devoted to trees."

Pub. L. 101–624, §1447(a), substituted "this subpart" for "this subchapter" in subsec. (c) as it existed prior to enactment of Pub. L. 101–624.

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 101–624, §1433(b), added subsecs. (d) and (e).

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in section 3833 of this title.

§3833. Duties of Secretary

In return for a contract entered into by an owner or operator under section 3832 of this title, the Secretary shall—

(1) share the cost of carrying out the conservation measures and practices set forth in the contract for which the Secretary determines that cost sharing is appropriate and in the public interest;

(2) for a period of years not in excess of the term of the contract, pay an annual rental payment in an amount necessary to compensate for—

(A) the conversion of highly erodible cropland normally devoted to the production of an agricultural commodity on a farm or ranch to a less intensive use; and

(B) the retirement of any cropland base and allotment history that the owner or operator agrees to retire permanently; and

(3) provide conservation technical assistance to assist the owner or operator in carrying out the contract.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XII, §1233, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1511.)

§3834. Payments

(a) Time of cost-sharing and annual rental payments

The Secretary shall provide payment for obligations incurred by the Secretary under a contract entered into under this subpart—

(1) with respect to any cost-sharing payment obligation incurred by the Secretary, as soon as possible after the obligation is incurred; and

(2) with respect to any annual rental payment obligation incurred by the Secretary—

(A) as soon as practicable after October 1 of each calendar year; or

(B) at the discretion of the Secretary, at any time prior to such date during the year that the obligation is incurred.

(b) Federal percentage of cost sharing payments

(1) In making cost sharing payments to an owner or operator under a contract entered into under this subpart, the Secretary shall pay 50 percent of the cost of establishing water quality and conservation measures and practices required under such contracts for which the Secretary determines that cost-sharing is appropriate and in the public interest.

(2) The Secretary shall not make any payment under this subpart to the extent that the total amount of cost sharing payments provided to such owners and operators from all sources would exceed 100 percent of the total establishment costs.

(3) In the case of land devoted to the production of hardwood trees, windbreaks, shelterbelts, or wildlife corridors under a contract entered into under this subpart after November 28, 1990, or in the case of land converted to such production under section 3835a of this title, the Secretary, in making cost share payments to an owner or operator of such land, shall pay 50 percent of the reasonable and necessary costs, as determined by the Secretary, incurred by such owner or operator for maintaining such plantings that are trees or shrubs, including the cost of replanting (if the trees or shrubs were lost due to conditions beyond the control of the owner or operator), during not less than the 2-year, and not more than the 4-year, period beginning on the date of such plantings, as determined appropriate by the Secretary.

(4) The Secretary may permit owners or operators who contract to devote at least 10 acres of land to the production of hardwood trees under this subpart to extend the planting of such trees over a 3-year period if at least one-third of such trees are planted in each of the first 2 years.

(5) An owner or operator shall not be eligible to receive or retain cost share assistance under this subsection if such owner or operator receives any other Federal cost share assistance with respect to such land under any other provision of law.

(c) Annual rental payments; encouragement factor; method of determination; acceptance of contract offers

(1) In determining the amount of annual rental payments to be paid to owners and operators for converting highly erodible cropland normally devoted to the production of an agricultural commodity to less intensive use, the Secretary may consider, among other things, the amount necessary to encourage owners or operators of highly erodible cropland to participate in the program established by this subpart.

(2) The amounts payable to owners or operators in the form of rental payments under contracts entered into under this subpart may be determined through—

(A) the submission of bids for such contracts by owners and operators in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe; or

(B) such other means as the Secretary determines are appropriate.

(3) In determining the acceptability of contract offers, the Secretary may—

(A) take into consideration the extent to which enrollment of the land that is the subject of the contract offer would improve soil resources, water quality, wildlife habitat, or provide other environmental benefits; and

(B) establish different criteria in various States and regions of the United States based upon the extent to which water quality or wildlife habitat may be improved or erosion may be abated.

(4) In the case of acreage enrolled in the conservation reserve established under this subpart that is to be devoted to hardwood trees, the Secretary may consider bids for contracts under this subsection on a continuous basis.

(d) Cash or in-kind payments

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, payments under this subpart—

(A) shall be made in cash or in commodities in such amount and on such time schedule as is agreed on and specified in the contract; and

(B) may be made in advance of determination of performance.

(2) If such payment is made with in-kind commodities, such payment shall be made by the Commodity Credit Corporation—

(A) by delivery of the commodity involved to the owner or operator at a warehouse or other similar facility located in the county in which the highly erodible cropland is located or at such other location as is agreed to by the Secretary and the owner or operator;

(B) by the transfer of negotiable warehouse receipts; or

(C) by such other method, including the sale of the commodity in commercial markets, as is determined by the Secretary to be appropriate to enable the owner or operator to receive efficient and expeditious possession of the commodity.

(3) If stocks of a commodity acquired by the Commodity Credit Corporation are not readily available to make full payment in kind to the owner or operator, the Secretary may substitute full or partial payment in cash for payment in kind.

(4) Payments to a producer under a special conservation reserve enhancement program described in subsection (f)(4) of this section shall be in the form of cash only.

(e) Regulations: payments upon death, disability, or succession

If an owner or operator who is entitled to a payment under a contract entered into under this subpart dies, becomes incompetent, is otherwise unable to receive such payment, or is succeeded by another person who renders or completes the required performance, the Secretary shall make such payment, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary and without regard to any other provision of law, in such manner as the Secretary determines is fair and reasonable in light of all of the circumstances.

(f) Rental payments fiscal year limitation; regulations; receipt of other payments unaffected; application of limit to payments received by a State, political subdivision, or agency

(1) The total amount of rental payments, including rental payments made in the form of in-kind commodities, made to an owner or operator under this subpart for any fiscal year may not exceed $50,000.

(2)(A) The Secretary shall issue regulations—

(i) defining the term "person" as used in this subsection; and

(ii) prescribing such rules as the Secretary determines necessary to ensure a fair and reasonable application of the limitation contained in this subsection.

(B) The regulations issued by the Secretary on December 18, 1970, under section 1307 of this title, shall be used to determine whether corporations and their stockholders may be considered as separate persons under this subsection.

(3) Rental payments received by an owner or operator shall be in addition to, and not affect, the total amount of payments that such owner or operator is otherwise eligible to receive under this Act, the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, or the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.).

(4) The provisions of this subsection that limit payments to any person, and section 1305(d) of the Agricultural Reconciliation Act of 1987, shall not be applicable to payments received by a State, political subdivision, or agency thereof in connection with agreements entered into under a special conservation reserve enhancement program carried out by that entity that has been approved by the Secretary. The Secretary may enter into such agreements for payments to States, political subdivisions, or agencies thereof that the Secretary determines will advance the purposes of this subpart.

(g) Contracts unaffected by certain Presidential orders

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no order issued for any fiscal year under section 902 of title 2 shall affect any payment under any contract entered into at any time that is subject to this subpart, including contracts entered into prior to November 28, 1990.

(h) Cost share assistance

In addition to any payment under this subpart, an owner or operator may receive cost share assistance, rental payments, or tax benefits from a State or subdivision thereof for enrolling lands in the conservation reserve program.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XII, §1234, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1511; Pub. L. 100–387, title III, §322, Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 950; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIV, §§1434, 1447(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3581, 3605.)

References in Text

November 28, 1990, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), was in the original "the date of enactment of this section", and was translated as meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 101–624, which generally amended subsec. (b) of this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(3), is Pub. L. 99–198, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1354, as amended, known as the Food Security Act of 1985. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1985 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of Title 7, Agriculture, and Tables.

The Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (f)(3), is Pub. L. 101–624, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3359, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 1421 of Title 7 and Tables.

The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (f)(3), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§1421 et seq.) of Title 7. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of Title 7 and Tables.

Section 1305(d) of the Agricultural Reconciliation Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (f)(4), is section 1305(d) of Pub. L. 100–203, which is set out as a note under section 1308 of Title 7.

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–624, §1447(a), substituted reference to this subpart for reference to this subchapter.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–624, §1434(a), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "In making cost sharing payments to owners and operators under contracts entered into under this subpart, the Secretary shall pay 50 percent of the cost of establishing conservation measures and practices set forth in such contracts for which the Secretary determines that cost-sharing is appropriate and in the public interest."

Pub. L. 101–624, §1447(a), substituted "this subpart" for "this subchapter" in subsec. (b) as it existed prior to the enactment of Pub. L. 101–624.

Subsec. (c)(1), (2). Pub. L. 101–624, §1447(a), substituted reference to this subpart for reference to this subchapter.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 101–624, §1434(b)(1), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "In determining the acceptability of contract offers, the Secretary may—

"(A) take into consideration the extent of erosion on the land that is the subject of the contract and the productivity of the acreage diverted;

"(B) where appropriate, accept contract offers that provide for the establishment of—

"(i) shelterbelts and windbreaks; or

"(ii) permanently vegetated stream borders, filter strips of permanent grass, forbs, shrubs, and trees that will reduce sedimentation substantially;

"(C) establish different criteria in various States and regions of the United States to determine the extent to which erosion may be abated; and

"(D) give priority to offers made by owners and operators who are subject to the highest degree of economic stress, such as a general tightening of agricultural credit or an unfavorable relationship between production costs and prices received for agricultural commodities."

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 101–624, §1434(b)(2), added par. (4).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 101–624, §1447(a), substituted reference to this subpart for reference to this subchapter.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 101–624, §1434(c), added par. (4).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–624, §1447(a), substituted reference to this subpart for reference to this subchapter.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–624, §1447(a), substituted reference to this subpart for reference to this subchapter wherever appearing.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 101–624, §1434(d), inserted reference to Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990.

Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 101–624, §1434(e), added subsecs. (g) and (h).

1988—Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 100–387 added par. (4).

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Section 322 of Pub. L. 100–387 provided that the amendment made by that section is effective beginning with the 1988 crop year.

Conservation Research Application

For provisions directing that enumerated provisions of the Food Security Act of 1985 shall apply to the conservation reserve program under this subchapter with respect to rental payments to persons under contracts entered into after Dec. 22, 1987, with certain exceptions, see section 1305(d) of Pub. L. 100–203, set out as a note under section 1308 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 3801, 3847 of this title.

§3835. Contracts

(a) Ownership or operation requirement

(1) No contract shall be entered into under this subpart concerning land with respect to which the ownership has changed in the 3-year period preceding the first year of the contract period unless—

(A) the new ownership was acquired by will or succession as a result of the death of the previous owner;

(B) the new ownership was acquired before January 1, 1985;

(C) the Secretary determines that the land was acquired under circumstances that give adequate assurance that such land was not acquired for the purpose of placing it in the program established by this subpart; or

(D) the ownership change occurred due to foreclosure on the land and the owner of the land immediately before the foreclosure exercises a right of redemption from the mortgage holder in accordance with State law.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not—

(A) prohibit the continuation of an agreement by a new owner after an agreement has been entered into under this subpart; or

(B) require a person to own the land as a condition of eligibility for entering into the contract if the person—

(i) has operated the land to be covered by a contract under this section for at least 3 years preceding the date of the contract or since January 1, 1985, whichever is later; and

(ii) controls the land for the contract period.

(b) Sales or transfers; options

If during the term of a contract entered into under this subpart an owner or operator of land subject to such contract sells or otherwise transfers the ownership or right of occupancy of such land, the new owner or operator of such land may—

(1) continue such contract under the same terms or conditions;

(2) enter into a new contract in accordance with this subpart; or

(3) elect not to participate in the program established by this subpart.

(c) Modification; waiver

(1) The Secretary may modify a contract entered into with an owner or operator under this subpart if—

(A) the owner or operator agrees to such modification; and

(B) the Secretary determines that such modification is desirable—

(i) to carry out this subpart;

(ii) to facilitate the practical administration of this subpart; or

(iii) to achieve such other goals as the Secretary determines are appropriate, consistent with this subpart.

(2) The Secretary may modify or waive a term or condition of a contract entered into under this subpart in order to permit all or part of the land subject to such contract to be devoted to the production of an agricultural commodity during a crop year, subject to such conditions as the Secretary determines are appropriate.

(d) Termination; notice to Congressional Committees

(1) The Secretary may terminate a contract entered into with an owner or operator under this subpart if—

(A) the owner or operator agrees to such termination; and

(B) the Secretary determines that such termination would be in the public interest.

(2) At least 90 days before taking any action to terminate under paragraph (1) all conservation reserve contracts entered into under this subpart, the Secretary shall provide written notice of such action to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XII, §1235, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1513; Pub. L. 100–233, title VIII, §801, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1710; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIV, §1447(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3605.)

Amendments

1990—Pub. L. 101–624, §1447(a), substituted reference to this subpart for reference to this subchapter wherever appearing.

1988—Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 100–233 added subpar. (D).

Conservation Reserve

Pub. L. 100–45, §10, May 27, 1987, 101 Stat. 323, provided that: "Section 1235(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 [16 U.S.C. 3835(a)] should be reviewed by the Secretary of Agriculture to ensure that the provisions thereof relating to exceptions to the three-year ownership requirement with respect to eligibility for the conservation reserve are being implemented in a manner to encourage inclusion of producer-owned land in the conservation reserve. However, any such exception to the three-year requirement should be made only if the Secretary determines that the land involved (1) was not acquired for the purpose of placing the land in the conservation reserve or (2) otherwise meets the criteria for exceptions made under section 1235(a)."

§3835a. Conversion of land subject to contract to other conserving uses

(a) Conversion to trees

(1) In general

The Secretary shall permit an owner or operator who has entered into a contract under this subpart that is in effect on November 28, 1990, to convert areas of highly erodible cropland that are subject to such contract, and that are devoted to vegetative cover, from such use to hardwood trees, windbreaks, shelterbelts, or wildlife corridors.

(2) Terms

(A) Extension of contract

With respect to a contract that is modified under this section that provides for the planting of hardwood trees, windbreaks, shelterbelts, or wildlife corridors, if the original term of the contract was less than 15 years, the owner or operator may extend the contract to a term of not to exceed 15 years.

(B) Cost share assistance

The Secretary shall pay 50 percent of the cost of establishing conservation measures and practices authorized under this subsection for which the Secretary determines the cost sharing is appropriate and in the public interest.

(b) Conversion to wetlands

The Secretary shall permit an owner or operator who has entered into a contract under this subpart that is in effect on November 28, 1990, to restore areas of highly erodible cropland that are devoted to vegetative cover under such contract to wetlands if—

(1) such areas are prior converted wetlands;

(2) the owner or operator of such areas enters into an agreement to provide the Secretary with a long-term or permanent easement under subpart C covering such areas;

(3) there is a high probability that the prior converted area can be successfully restored to wetland status; and

(4) the restoration of such areas otherwise meets the requirements of subpart C.

(c) Limitation

The Secretary shall not incur, through a conversion under this section, any additional expense on such acres, including the expense involved in the original establishment of the vegetative cover, that would result in cost share for costs in excess of the costs that would have been subject to cost share for the new practice had that practice been the original practice.

(d) Condition of contract

An owner or operator shall as a condition of entering into a contract under subsection (a) of this section participate in the Forest Stewardship Program established under section 2103a of this title.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XII, §1235A, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XIV, §1435, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3582; amended Pub. L. 102–324, §1(b), July 22, 1992, 106 Stat. 447.)

Amendments

1992—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–324 added subpar. (A), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B), and struck out former subpars. (A) and (B). Prior to amendment, subpars. (A) and (B) read as follows:

"(A) Extension of contract.—With respect to any contract on land to be devoted to hardwood trees, windbreaks, shelterbelts, or wildlife corridors under this section, if the original term of such contract was less than 15 years, the owner or operator may extend such contract to a term of not to exceed 15 years.

"(B) Easements.—If such areas are converted to windbreaks, shelterbelts, or wildlife corridors under this section, the owner of such land shall enter into an agreement to provide a conservation easement to the Secretary for the useful life of such plantings."

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 3831, 3834 of this title.

§3836. Base history

(a) Reductions

A reduction, based on a ratio between the total cropland acreage on the farm and the acreage placed in the conservation reserve authorized by this subpart, as determined by the Secretary, shall be made during the period of the contract, in the aggregate, in crop bases, quotas, and allotments on the farm with respect to crops for which there is a production adjustment program.

(b) Basis for participation in other Federal programs

Notwithstanding sections 3811 and 3821 of this title, the Secretary, by appropriate regulation, may provide for preservation of cropland base and allotment history applicable to acreage converted from the production of agricultural commodities under this section, for the purpose of any Federal program under which the history is used as a basis for participation in the program or for an allotment or other limitation in the program, unless the owner and operator agree under the contract to retire permanently that cropland base and allotment history.

(c) Extension of preservation of cropland base and allotment history

The Secretary shall offer the owner or operator of a farm or ranch an opportunity to extend the preservation of cropland base and allotment history pursuant to subsection (b) of this section for such time as the Secretary determines to be appropriate after the expiration date of a contract under this subpart at the request of such owner or operator. In return for such extension, the owner or operator shall agree to continue to abide by the terms and conditions of the original contract, except that—

(1) such owner or operator shall receive no additional cost share, annual rental, or bonus payment; and

(2) the Secretary may permit, subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may impose, haying and grazing of acreage subject to such agreement, except during any consecutive 5 month period that is established by the State committee. Each 5 month period shall be established during the period beginning April 1 and ending October 31 of a year. In the case of a natural disaster, the Secretary may permit unlimited haying and grazing on such acreage.

(d) Additional remedy for violations

In addition to any other remedy prescribed by law, the Secretary may reduce or terminate the amount of cropland base and allotment history preserved pursuant to subsection (c) of this section for acreage with respect to which a violation of a term or condition occurs.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XII, §1236, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1514; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIV, §§1436, 1447(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3583, 3605.)

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–624, §1447(a), substituted reference to this subpart for reference to this subchapter.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 101–624, §1436, added subsecs. (c) and (d).

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in section 3832 of this title.