CHAPTER 7—ASSAULT

        

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §1008(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2140, added item 115.

1976—Pub. L. 94–467, §6, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 2000, substituted "official guests, and internationally protected persons" for "and official guests" in item 112.

1972—Pub. L. 92–539, title III, §302, Oct. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 1073, substituted "Protection of foreign officials and official guests" for "Assaulting certain foreign diplomatic and other official personnel" in item 112.

1964—Pub. L. 88–493, §2, Aug. 27, 1964, 78 Stat. 610, substituted "certain foreign diplomatic and other official personnel" for "public minister" in item 112.

§111. Assaulting, resisting, or impeding certain officers or employees

(a) In General.—Whoever—

(1) forcibly assaults, resists, opposes, impedes, intimidates, or interferes with any person designated in section 1114 of this title while engaged in or on account of the performance of official duties; or

(2) forcibly assaults or intimidates any person who formerly served as a person designated in section 1114 on account of the performance of official duties during such person's term of service,

shall, where the acts in violation of this section constitute only simple assault, be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both, and in all other cases, be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.

(b) Enhanced Penalty.—Whoever, in the commission of any acts described in subsection (a), uses a deadly or dangerous weapon or inflicts bodily injury, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 688; Nov. 18, 1988, Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6487(a), 102 Stat. 4386; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, §320101(a), 108 Stat. 2108.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§118, 254 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §62, 35 Stat. 1100; May 18, 1934, ch. 299, §2, 48 Stat. 781).

This section consolidates sections 118 and 254 with changes in phraseology and substance necessary to effect the consolidation.

Also the words "Bureau of Animal Industry of the Department of Agriculture" appearing in section 118 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., were inserted in enumeration of Federal officers and employees in section 1114 of this title.

The punishment provision of section 254 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., was adopted as the latest expression of Congressional intent. This consolidation eliminates a serious incongruity in punishment and application.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322, §320101(a)(1), inserted ", where the acts in violation of this section constitute only simple assault, be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both, and in all other cases," after "shall" in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–322, §320101(a)(2), inserted "or inflicts bodily injury" after "weapon".

1988—Pub. L. 100–690 amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"Whoever forcibly assaults, resists, opposes, impedes, intimidates, or interferes with any person designated in section 1114 of this title while engaged in or on account of the performance of his official duties, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.

"Whoever, in the commission of any such acts uses a deadly or dangerous weapon, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both."

Cross References

Bank robbery, assault in committing, see section 2113 of this title.

Indians—

Assault by Indian in Indian country, see section 1153 of this title.

Jurisdiction of offenses by Indians in Indian country, see section 3242 of this title.

Mail clerk or custodian, assault on, see sections 2114 and 2116 of this title.

Persons authorized to serve or execute warrants or to make searches and seizures, assault on, see section 2231 of this title.

Piracy, assault on commander as, see section 1655 of this title.

Process server, assault on, see section 1501 of this title.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 115, 3050 of this title; title 7 sections 84, 87c; title 16 section 742l; title 19 section 1629; title 22 section 2709; title 25 section 2804; title 42 sections 2000e–13, 2283.

§112. Protection of foreign officials, official guests, and internationally protected persons

(a) Whoever assaults, strikes, wounds, imprisons, or offers violence to a foreign official, official guest, or internationally protected person or makes any other violent attack upon the person or liberty of such person, or, if likely to endanger his person or liberty, makes a violent attack upon his official premises, private accommodation, or means of transport or attempts to commit any of the foregoing shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. Whoever in the commission of any such act uses a deadly or dangerous weapon, or inflicts bodily injury, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.

(b) Whoever willfully—

(1) intimidates, coerces, threatens, or harasses a foreign official or an official guest or obstructs a foreign official in the performance of his duties;

(2) attempts to intimidate, coerce, threaten, or harass a foreign official or an official guest or obstruct a foreign official in the performance of his duties; or

(3) within the United States and within one hundred feet of any building or premises in whole or in part owned, used, or occupied for official business or for diplomatic, consular, or residential purposes by—

(A) a foreign government, including such use as a mission to an international organization;

(B) an international organization;

(C) a foreign official; or

(D) an official guest;

congregates with two or more other persons with intent to violate any other provision of this section;

shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.

(c) For the purpose of this section "foreign government", "foreign official", "internationally protected person", "international organization", and "official guest" shall have the same meanings as those provided in section 1116(b) of this title.

(d) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed or applied so as to abridge the exercise of rights guaranteed under the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

(e) If the victim of an offense under subsection (a) is an internationally protected person, the United States may exercise jurisdiction over the offense if the alleged offender is present within the United States, irrespective of the place where the offense was committed or the nationality of the victim or the alleged offender. As used in this subsection, the United States includes all areas under the jurisdiction of the United States including any of the places within the provisions of sections 5 and 7 of this title and section 46501(2) of title 49.

(f) In the course of enforcement of subsection (a) and any other sections prohibiting a conspiracy or attempt to violate subsection (a), the Attorney General may request assistance from any Federal, State, or local agency, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, any statute, rule, or regulation to the contrary, notwithstanding.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 688; Aug. 27, 1964, Pub. L. 88–493, §1, 78 Stat. 610; Oct. 24, 1972, Pub. L. 92–539, title III, §301, 86 Stat. 1072; Oct. 8, 1976, Pub. L. 94–467, §5, 90 Stat. 1999; Nov. 9, 1977, Pub. L. 95–163, §17(b)(1), 91 Stat. 1286; Oct. 24, 1978, Pub. L. 95–504, §2(b), 92 Stat. 1705; Nov. 18, 1988, Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6478, 102 Stat. 4381; July 5, 1994, Pub. L. 103–272, §5(e)(2), 108 Stat. 1373; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, §320101(b), title XXXIII, §330016(1)(G), (K), 108 Stat. 2108, 2147.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on section 255 of title 22, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Foreign Relations and Intercourse (R.S. §4062).

Punishment provision was rewritten to make it more definite by substituting a maximum of $5,000 in lieu of the words "fined at the discretion of the court." As thus revised this provision conforms with the first punishment provision of section 111 of this title. So, also, the greater punishment provided by the second paragraph of section 111 was added to this section for offenses involving the use of dangerous weapons.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322, §320101(b)(2), (3), inserted ", or inflicts bodily injury," after "weapon" and substituted "under this title" for "not more than $10,000" before "or imprisoned not more than ten years".

Pub. L. 103–322, §§320101(b)(1), 330016(1)(K), amended subsec. (a) identically, substituting "under this title" for "not more than $5,000" before "or imprisoned not more than three years".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–322, §330016(1)(G), in concluding provisions, substituted "under this title" for "not more than $500".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–272 substituted "section 46501(2) of title 49" for "section 101(38) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1301(38))".

1988—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–690 struck out "but outside the District of Columbia" after "United States".

1978—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–504 substituted reference to section 101(38) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 for reference to section 101(35) of such Act.

1977—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–163 substituted reference to section 101(35) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 for reference to section 101(34) of such Act.

1976—Pub. L. 94–467 substituted "official guests, and internationally protected persons" for "and official guests" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–467 substituted "official guest, or internationally protected person" for "or official guest" and inserted provision including any other violent attack on the person or the liberty of such official, guest, or protected person, his official premises, private accommodation, or means of transport, or any attempt thereof, as acts subject to fine or imprisonment.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–467 restructured subsec. (b) and added pars. (2) and (3).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–467 redesignated subsec. (d) as (c), inserted "internationally protected persons", and struck out reference to section 1116(c) of this title. Former subsec. (c), which related to punishment for intimidating or harassing demonstrations against foreign officials or any combination of two or more persons for such purposes, within one hundred feet of any buildings or premises owned by a foreign government located within the United States but outside the District of Columbia, was struck out.

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 94–467 added subsecs. (e) and (f) and redesignated former subsecs. (d) and (e) as (c) and (d), respectively.

1972—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–539 substituted "Protection of foreign officials and official guests" for "Assaulting certain foreign diplomatic and other official personnel" in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), and substituted "a foreign official or official guest" for "the person of a head of foreign state or foreign government, foreign minister, ambassador or other public minister" and "act" for "acts".

Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 92–539 added subsecs. (b) to (e).

1964—Pub. L. 88–493 included heads of foreign states or governments and foreign ministers.

Short Title of 1976 Amendment

Section 1 of Pub. L. 94–467 provided: "That this Act [enacting section 878 of this title, amending this section and sections 11, 970, 1116, and 1201 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Act for the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons'."

Short Title of 1972 Amendment

Section 1 of Pub. L. 92–539 provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 970, 1116, and 1117 of this title, amending this section and section 1201 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Act for the Protection of Foreign Officials and Official Guests of the United States'."

State and Local Laws Not Superseded

Section 10 of Pub. L. 94–467 provided that: "Nothing contained in this Act [see Short Title of 1976 Amendment note above] shall be construed to indicate an intent on the part of Congress to occupy the field in which its provisions operate to the exclusion of the laws of any State, Commonwealth, territory, possession, or the District of Columbia, on the same subject matter, nor to relieve any person of any obligation imposed by any law of any State, Commonwealth, territory, possession, or the District of Columbia, including the obligation of all persons having official law enforcement powers to take appropriate action, such as effecting arrests, for Federal as well as non-Federal violations."

Congressional Findings and Declaration of Policy

Section 2 of Pub. L. 92–539 provided that:

"The Congress recognizes that from the beginning of our history as a nation, the police power to investigate, prosecute, and punish common crimes such as murder, kidnaping, and assault has resided in the several States, and that such power should remain with the States.

"The Congress finds, however, that harassment, intimidation, obstruction, coercion, and acts of violence committed against foreign officials or their family members in the United States or against official guests of the United States adversely affect the foreign relations of the United States.

"Accordingly, this legislation is intended to afford the United States jurisdiction concurrent with that of the several States to proceed against those who by such acts interfere with its conduct of foreign affairs."

Federal Preemption

Section 3 of Pub. L. 92–539 provided that: "Nothing contained in this Act [see Short Title of 1972 Amendment note above] shall be construed to indicate an intent on the part of Congress to occupy the field in which its provisions operate to the exclusion of the laws of any State, Commonwealth, territory, possession, or the District of Columbia on the same subject matter, nor to relieve any person of any obligation imposed by any law of any State, Commonwealth, territory, possession, or the District of Columbia."

Immunity From Criminal Prosecution

Section 5 of Pub. L. 88–493 provided that: "Nothing contained in this Act [amending this section and section 1114 of this title, and enacting section 170e–1 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees] shall create immunity from criminal prosecution under any laws in any State, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, territory, possession, or the District of Columbia."

Cross References

Actions or proceedings by ambassadors or other public ministers, jurisdiction of Supreme Court, see section 1251 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Alien's action for tort, jurisdiction of district courts, see section 1350 of Title 28.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 11, 878, 3286 of this title; title 22 section 2709.

§113. Assaults within maritime and territorial jurisdiction

(a) Whoever, within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, is guilty of an assault shall be punished as follows:

(1) Assault with intent to commit murder, by imprisonment for not more than twenty years.

(2) Assault with intent to commit any felony, except murder or a felony under chapter 109A, by fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than ten years, or both.

(3) Assault with a dangerous weapon, with intent to do bodily harm, and without just cause or excuse, by fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than ten years, or both.

(4) Assault by striking, beating, or wounding, by fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than six months, or both.

(5) Simple assault, by fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than six months, or both, or if the victim of the assault is an individual who has not attained the age of 16 years, by fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both.

(6) Assault resulting in serious bodily injury, by a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than ten years, or both.

(7) Assault resulting in substantial bodily injury to an individual who has not attained the age of 16 years, by fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or both.

(b) As used in this subsection—

(1) the term "substantial bodily injury" means bodily injury which involves—

(A) a temporary but substantial disfigurement; or

(B) a temporary but substantial loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member, organ, or mental faculty; and

(2) the term "serious bodily injury" has the meaning given that term in section 1365 of this title.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 689; May 29, 1976, Pub. L. 94–297, §3, 90 Stat. 585; Nov. 10, 1986, Pub. L. 99–646, §87(c)(2), (3), 100 Stat. 3623; Nov. 14, 1986, Pub. L. 99–654, §3(a)(2), (3), 100 Stat. 3663; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103–322, title XVII, §170201(a)–(d), title XXXII, §320101(c), title XXXIII, §330016(2)(B), 108 Stat. 2042, 2043, 2108, 2148.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §455 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §276, 35 Stat. 1143).

Opening paragraph was added to preserve the jurisdictional limitation provided for by section 451 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., now section 7 of this title. (See reviser's note thereunder.)

Phraseology was simplified.

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322, §330016(2)(B), which directed the amendment of this section by striking "fine of not more than" through the immediately following dollar amount each place it appears and inserting "a fine under this title" was executed to subsec. (a)(6) by substituting "a fine under this title" for "fine of not more than $10,000".

Pub. L. 103–322, §320101(c), which directed the amendment of subsec. (c) by substituting "fine under this title" for "fine of not more than $1,000" and "ten years" for "five years" and the amendment of subsec. (e) by substituting "fine under this title" for "fine of not more than $300" and "six months" for "three months", were executed by making the substitutions in subsecs. (a)(5) and (a)(6), respectively, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening redesignation of subsecs. (c) and (e) as subsecs. (a)(5) and (a)(6), respectively. See below. Amendment of subsec. (c), by substituting "fine under this title" for "fine of not more than $1,000" is identical to amendment by Pub. L. 103–322, §170201(c)(2). See below.

Pub. L. 103–322, §170201(a)–(d), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), redesignated former subsecs. (a) to (f) as pars. (1) to (6), respectively of subsec. (a) and realigned margins, substituted "fine under this title" for "fine of not more than $3,000" in par. (2), substituted "fine under this title" for "fine of not more than $1,000" in par. (3), substituted "fine under this title" for "fine of not more than $500" in par. (4), inserted before period at end of par. (5) ", or if the victim of the assault is an individual who has not attained the age of 16 years, by fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both", and added subsecs. (a)(7) and (b).

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–646, §87(c)(2), and Pub. L. 99–654, §3(a)(2), amended subsec. (a) identically, striking out "or rape" after "murder".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–646, §87(c)(3), and Pub. L. 99–654, §3(a)(3), amended subsec. (b) identically, substituting "a felony under chapter 109A" for "rape".

1976—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94–297 added subsec. (f).

Effective Date of 1986 Amendments

Amendments by Pub. L. 99–646 and Pub. L. 99–654 effective respectively 30 days after Nov. 10, 1986, and 30 days after Nov. 14, 1986, see section 87(e) of Pub. L. 99–646 and section 4 of Pub. L. 99–654, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2241 of this title.

Cross References

Actions aboard aircraft in special aircraft jurisdiction of United States in violation of this section punishable as provided herein, see section 46506 of Title 49, Transportation.

Attempt to commit murder or manslaughter, see section 1113 of this title.

Wire or oral communications authorization for interception, to provide evidence of murder, see section 2516 of this title.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 1113, 3559, 5032 of this title; title 49 section 46506.

§114. Maiming within maritime and territorial jurisdiction

Whoever, within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, and with intent to maim or disfigure, cuts, bites, or slits the nose, ear, or lip, or cuts out or disables the tongue, or puts out or destroys an eye, or cuts off or disables a limb or any member of another person; or

Whoever, within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, and with like intent, throws or pours upon another person, any scalding water, corrosive acid, or caustic substance—

Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both.

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 689; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, §3, 63 Stat. 90; Oct. 12, 1984, Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §1009A, 98 Stat. 2141; Nov. 29, 1990, Pub. L. 101–647, title XXXV, §3507, 104 Stat. 4922; Sept. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330016(1)(O), 108 Stat. 2148.)

Historical and Revision Notes

1948 Act

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §462 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 321, §283, 35 Stat. 1144).

The words "within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, and" were added to preserve jurisdictional limitation provided for by section 451 of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., now section 7 of this title. (See reviser's note thereunder.)

Changes in phraseology were made.

1949 Act

This section [section 3] corrects a typographical error in section 114 of title 18, U.S.C.

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "fined under this title" for "fined not more than $25,000".

1990—Pub. L. 101–647 substituted "or imprisoned" for "and imprisoned".

1984—Pub. L. 98–473 substituted "and imprisoned" for "or imprisoned" and provisions raising maximum fine from $1,000 to $25,000 and raising maximum term of imprisonment from seven years to twenty years.

1949—Act May 24, 1949, corrected spelling of "maim".

Cross References

Actions aboard aircraft in special aircraft jurisdiction of United States in violation of this section punishable as provided herein, see section 46506 of Title 49, Transportation.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in title 49 section 46506.

§115. Influencing, impeding, or retaliating against a Federal official by threatening or injuring a family member

(a)(1) Whoever—

(A) assaults, kidnaps, or murders, or attempts to kidnap or murder, or threatens to assault, kidnap or murder a member of the immediate family of a United States official, a United States judge, a Federal law enforcement officer, or an official whose killing would be a crime under section 1114 of this title; or

(B) threatens to assault, kidnap, or murder, a United States official, a United States judge, a Federal law enforcement officer, or an official whose killing would be a crime under such section,

with intent to impede, intimidate, or interfere with such official, judge, or law enforcement officer while engaged in the performance of official duties, or with intent to retaliate against such official, judge, or law enforcement officer on account of the performance of official duties, shall be punished as provided in subsection (b).

(2) Whoever assaults, kidnaps, or murders, or attempts to kidnap or murder a member of the immediate family of any person who formerly served as a person designated in paragraph (1), with intent to retaliate against such person on account of the performance of official duties during the term of service of such person, shall be punished as provided in subsection (b).

(b)(1) An assault in violation of this section shall be punished as provided in section 111 of this title.

(2) A kidnapping or attempted kidnapping in violation of this section shall be punished as provided in section 1201 of this title for the kidnapping or attempted kidnapping of a person described in section 1201(a)(5) of this title.

(3) A murder or attempted murder in violation of this section shall be punished as provided in sections 1111 and 1113 of this title.

(4) A threat made in violation of this section shall be punished by a fine under this title or imprisonment for a term of not more than five years, or both, except that imprisonment for a threatened assault shall not exceed three years.

(c) As used in this section, the term—

(1) "Federal law enforcement officer" means any officer, agent, or employee of the United States authorized by law or by a Government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation, or prosecution of any violation of Federal criminal law;

(2) "immediate family member" of an individual means—

(A) his spouse, parent, brother or sister, child or person to whom he stands in loco parentis; or

(B) any other person living in his household and related to him by blood or marriage;

(3) "United States judge" means any judicial officer of the United States, and includes a justice of the Supreme Court and a United States magistrate; and

(4) "United States official" means the President, President-elect, Vice President, Vice President-elect, a Member of Congress, a member-elect of Congress, a member of the executive branch who is the head of a department listed in 5 U.S.C. 101, or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.

(Added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §1008(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2140; amended Pub. L. 99–646, §§37(a), 60, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3599, 3613; Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6487(f)[b], Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4386; Pub. L. 101–647, title XXXV, §3508, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4922; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §§330016(2)(C), 330021(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2148, 2150.)

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–322, §330021(1), substituted "kidnapping" for "kidnaping" in two places.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–322, §330016(2)(C), substituted "fine under this title" for "fine of not more than $5,000".

1990—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 101–647 substituted "the Central" for "The Central".

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–690 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "Whoever assaults, kidnaps, or murders, or attempts to kidnap or murder, or threatens to assault, kidnap or murder a member of the immediate family of a United States official, a United States judge, a Federal law enforcement officer, or an official whose killing would be a crime under section 1114 of this title, or threatens to assault, kidnap, or murder, a United States official, a United States judge, a Federal law enforcement officer, or an official whose killing would be a crime under such section with intent to impede, intimidate, interfere with, or retaliate against such official, judge or law enforcement officer while engaged in or on account of the performance of official duties, shall be punished as provided in subsection (b)."

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–646, §60, substituted "section 1114 of this title, or threatens to assault, kidnap, or murder, a United States official, a United States judge, a Federal law enforcement officer, or an official whose killing would be a crime under such section" for "18 U.S.C. 1114, as amended,", "while engaged" for "while he is engaged", and "official duties" for "his official duties".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 99–646, §37(a), inserted "for the kidnapping or attempted kidnapping of a person described in section 1201(a)(5) of this title".

Change of Name

Reference to United States magistrate or to magistrate deemed to refer to United States magistrate judge pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 21, 2516, 4243 of this title.