Subchapter A—Automotive and Related Items

        

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §735(a)(3), (c)(5)(B), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 980, 982, substituted "Gas guzzlers" for "Motor vehicles" in item for part I, and struck out "and tubes" in item for part II.

PART I—GAS GUZZLERS

        

Amendments

1986—Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, §1875(f), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2897, substituted "guzzler" for "guzzlers" in item 4064.

1984—Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §735(a)(2), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 980, substituted "GAS GUZZLERS" for "MOTOR VEHICLES" in part I heading, struck out items 4061 "Imposition of tax", 4062 "Articles classified as parts", and 4063 "Exemptions", and substituted "guzzlers" for "guzzler" in item 4064.

1978—Pub. L. 95–618, title II, §201(f), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3184, added item 4064.

1971—Pub. L. 92–178, title IV, §401(g)(2)(D), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 533, substituted "Articles classified as parts" for "Definitions" in item 4062.

[§§4061 to 4063. Repealed. Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §735(a)(1), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 980]

Section 4061, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 481; Mar. 30, 1955, ch. 18, §3(a)(2), 69 Stat. 14; Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 865, §1, 69 Stat. 709; Mar. 29, 1956, ch. 115, §3(a)(2), 70 Stat. 66; June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title II, §203, 70 Stat. 388; Mar. 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–12, §3(a)(1), 71 Stat. 9; June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85–475, §3(a)(1), 72 Stat. 259; June 30, 1959, Pub. L. 86–75, §3(a)(1), 73 Stat. 157; June 30, 1960, Pub. L. 86–564, title II §202(a)(1), 74 Stat. 290; June 29, 1961, Pub. L. 87–61, title II, §204, 75 Stat. 126; June 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87–72, §3(a)(1), 75 Stat. 193; June 28, 1962, Pub. L. 87–508, §3(a)(1), 76 Stat. 114; June 29, 1963, Pub. L. 88–52, §3(a)(1), 77 Stat. 72; June 30, 1964, Pub. L. 88–348, §2(a)(1), 78 Stat. 237; June 21, 1965, Pub. L. 89–44, title II, §201, 79 Stat. 136; Mar. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–368, title II, §201(a), 80 Stat. 65; Apr. 12, 1968, Pub. L. 90–285, §1(a)(1), 82 Stat. 92; June 28, 1968, Pub. L. 90–364, title I, §105(a)(1), 82 Stat. 265; Dec. 30, 1969, Pub. L. 91–172, title VII, §702(a)(1), 83 Stat. 660; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–605, title III, §303(a)(3), (4), 84 Stat. 1743; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–614, title II, §201(a)(1), 84 Stat. 1843; Dec. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92–178, title IV, §401(a)(1), (g) (1), 85 Stat. 530, 533; May 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–280, title III, §303(a)(3), (4), 90 Stat. 456; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), 90 Stat. 1834; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, title V, §502(a)(2), (3), 92 Stat. 2756; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §512(a)(1), (2), 96 Stat. 2173, 2174, related to imposition of tax on trucks, buses, tractors, etc.

Section 4062, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 482; Oct. 13, 1964, Pub. L. 88–653, §5(b), 78 Stat. 1086; Nov. 13, 1966, Pub. L. 89–809, title II, §212(a), 80 Stat. 1585; Dec. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92–178, title IV, §401(g)(2)(A)–(C), 85 Stat. 533, related to articles classified as parts.

Section 4063, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 482; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 805, §1(g), 69 Stat. 690; Oct. 13, 1964, Pub. L. 88–653, §5(a), 78 Stat. 1086; June 21, 1965, Pub. L. 89–44, title VIII, §801(a), 79 Stat. 157; Dec. 30, 1969, Pub. L. 91–172, title IX, §931(a), 83 Stat. 724; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–614, title III, §303(a), 84 Stat. 1845; Dec. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92–178, title IV, §401(a)(2), (g)(3), 85 Stat. 530, 533; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), title XXI, §2109(a), 90 Stat. 1834, 1904; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–600, title VII, §701(ff)(1), 92 Stat. 2924; Nov. 9, 1978, Pub. L. 95–618, title II, §231(a), 92 Stat. 3187; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §512(a)(3), 96 Stat. 2174, related to exemptions from tax.

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective as if included in the provisions of the Highway Revenue Act of 1982, Pub. L. 97–424, see section 736 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as an Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note under section 4051 of this title.

§4064. Gas guzzler tax

(a) Imposition of tax

There is hereby imposed on the sale by the manufacturer of each automobile a tax determined in accordance with the following table:

        

(b) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) Automobile

(A) In general

The term "automobile" means any 4-wheeled vehicle propelled by fuel—

(i) which is manufactured primarily for use on public streets, roads, and highways (except any vehicle operated exclusively on a rail or rails), and

(ii) which is rated at 6,000 pounds unloaded gross vehicle weight or less.

In the case of a limousine, the preceding sentence shall be applied without regard to clause (ii).

(B) Exception for certain vehicles

The term "automobile" does not include any vehicle which is treated as a nonpassenger automobile under the rules which were prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation for purposes of section 32901 of title 49, United States Code, and which were in effect on the date of the enactment of this section.

(C) Exception for emergency vehicles

The term "automobile" does not include any vehicle sold for use and used—

(i) as an ambulance or combination ambulance-hearse,

(ii) by the United States or by a State or local government for police or other law enforcement purposes, or

(iii) for other emergency uses prescribed by the Secretary by regulations.

(2) Fuel economy

The term "fuel economy" means the average number of miles traveled by an automobile per gallon of gasoline (or equivalent amount of other fuel) consumed, as determined by the EPA Administrator in accordance with procedures established under subsection (c).

(3) Model type

The term "model type" means a particular class of automobile as determined by regulation by the EPA Administrator.

(4) Model year

The term "model year", with reference to any specific calendar year, means a manufacturer's annual production period (as determined by the EPA Administrator) which includes January 1 of such calendar year. If a manufacturer has no annual production period, the term "model year" means the calendar year.

(5) Manufacturer

(A) In general

The term "manufacturer" includes a producer or importer.

(B) Lengthening treated as manufacture

For purposes of this section, subchapter G of this chapter, and section 6416(b)(3), the lengthening of an automobile by any person shall be treated as the manufacture of an automobile by such person.

(6) EPA Administrator

The term "EPA Administrator" means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.

(7) Fuel

The term "fuel" means gasoline and diesel fuel. The Secretary (after consultation with the Secretary of Transportation) may, by regulation, include any product of petroleum or natural gas within the meaning of such term if he determines that such inclusion is consistent with the need of the Nation to conserve energy.

(c) Determination of fuel economy

For purposes of this section—

(1) In general

Fuel economy for any model type shall be measured in accordance with testing and calculation procedures established by the EPA Administrator by regulation. Procedures so established shall be the procedures utilized by the EPA Administrator for model year 1975 (weighted 55 percent urban cycle, and 45 percent highway cycle), or procedures which yield comparable results. Procedures under this subsection, to the extent practicable, shall require that fuel economy tests be conducted in conjunction with emissions tests conducted under section 206 of the Clean Air Act. The EPA Administrator shall report any measurements of fuel economy to the Secretary.

(2) Special rule for fuels other than gasoline

The EPA Administrator shall by regulation determine that quantity of any other fuel which is the equivalent of one gallon of gasoline.

(3) Time by which regulations must be issued

Testing and calculation procedures applicable to a model year, and any amendment to such procedures (other than a technical or clerical amendment), shall be promulgated not less than 12 months before the model year to which such procedures apply.

(Added Pub. L. 95–618, title II, §201(a), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3180; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, §1812(e)(1)(B)(i), (ii), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2836; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11216(a)–(d), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–437; Pub. L. 103–272, §5(g)(1), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1374.)

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B), is Nov. 9, 1978.

Section 206 of the Clean Air Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is section 206 of act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, as added Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–604, §8(a), 84 Stat. 1694, which is classified to section 7525 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103–272 substituted "section 32901 of title 49, United States Code," for "section 501 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 2001)".

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–508, §11216(a), amended subsec. (a) generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which set forth gas guzzler tax tables in the case of automobiles built in each of the model years 1980 through 1986 and later.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 101–508, §11216(b), inserted at end "In the case of a limousine, the preceding sentence shall be applied without regard to clause (ii)."

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 101–508, §11216(c), substituted heading for one which read: "Exception for certain small manufacturers" and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A person shall not be treated as the manufacturer of any automobile if—

"(i) such person would (but for this subparagraph) be so treated solely by reason of lengthening an existing automobile, and

"(ii) such person is a small manufacturer (as defined in subsection (d)(4)) for the model year in which such lengthening occurs."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–508, §11216(d), struck out subsec. (d) which prescribed special rules for small manufacturers.

1986—Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 99–514, §1812(e)(1)(B)(i), substituted "unloaded gross vehicle weight" for "gross vehicle weight".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 99–514, §1812(e)(1)(B)(ii), amended par. (5) generally, designating existing provisions as subpar. (A), adding subpar. (A) heading, and adding subpar. (B).

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Section 11216(e) of Pub. L. 101–508 provided that:

"(1) Subsections (a) and (b).—The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section] shall apply to sales after December 31, 1990.

"(2) Subsection (c).—The amendments made by subsection (c) [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1991.

"(3) Subsection (d).—The amendment made by subsection (d) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this section [Nov. 5, 1990]."

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Section 1812(e)(1)(B)(iii) of Pub. L. 99–514 provided that: "The amendments made by clauses (i) and (ii) [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 201 of Public Law 95–618 [see Effective Date note below]; except that the amendment made by clause (i) shall not apply to any station wagon if—

"(I) such station wagon is originally equipped with more than 6 seat belts,

"(II) such station wagon was manufactured before November 1, 1985, and

"(III) such station wagon is of the 1985 or 1986 model year."

Effective Date

Section 201(g) of Pub. L. 95–618, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending sections 1016, 4217, 4221, 4222, 4293, and 6416 of this title] shall apply with respect to 1980 and later model year automobiles (as defined in section 4064(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954])."

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 1016, 4217, 4221, 4222, 4293, 6416 of this title; title 49 section 32908.

PART II—TIRES

        

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §735(c)(5)(A), (C), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 982, struck out "AND TUBES" from heading of part II and substituted "Exemption for tires with internal wire fastening" for "Exemptions" in item 4073.

1956—Act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title II, §204(d), 70 Stat. 389, substituted "Definitions" for "Definition of rubber" in item 4072.

§4071. Imposition of tax

(a) Imposition and rate of tax

There is hereby imposed on tires of the type used on highway vehicles, if wholly or in part made of rubber, sold by the manufacturer, producer, or importer a tax at the following rates:

If the tire weighs:	The rate of tax is:
Not more than 40 lbs	No tax.
More than 40 lbs. but not more than 70 lbs	15 cents per lb. in excess of 40 lbs.
More than 70 lbs. but not more than 90 lbs	$4.50 plus 30 cents per lb. in excess of 70 lbs.
More than 90 lbs	$10.50 plus 50 cents per lb. in excess of 90 lbs.

(b) Special rule for manufacturers who sell at retail

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, if the manufacturer, producer, or importer of any tire delivers such tire to a retail store or retail outlet of such manufacturer, producer, or importer, he shall be liable for tax under subsection (a) in respect of such tire in the same manner as if it had been sold at the time it was delivered to such retail store or outlet. This subsection shall not apply to an article in respect to which tax has been imposed by subsection (a). Subsection (a) shall not apply to an article in respect of which tax has been imposed by this subsection.

(c) Determination of weight

For purposes of this section, weight shall be based on total weight exclusive of metal rims or rim bases. Total weight of the articles shall be determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

(d) Termination

On and after October 1, 1999, the taxes imposed by subsection (a) shall not apply.

(e) Tires on imported articles

For the purposes of subsection (a), if an article imported into the United States is equipped with tires—

(1) the importer of the article shall be treated as the importer of the tires with which such article is equipped, and

(2) the sale of the article by the importer thereof shall be treated as the sale of the tires with which such article is equipped.

This subsection shall not apply with respect to the sale of an automobile bus chassis or an automobile bus body.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 482; June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title II, §204(a), 70 Stat. 388; Apr. 22, 1960, Pub. L. 86–440, §1(a), 74 Stat. 80; June 29, 1961, Pub. L. 87–61, title II, §202, 75 Stat. 124; Aug. 1, 1966, Pub. L. 89–523, §1(a), 80 Stat. 331; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–605, title III, §303(a)(5), 84 Stat. 1744; Dec. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92–178, title IV, §401(f), 85 Stat. 533; May 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–280, title III, §303(a)(5), 90 Stat. 456; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), 90 Stat. 1834; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, title V, §502(a)(4), 92 Stat. 2756; Apr. 1, 1980, Pub. L. 96–222, title I, §108(c)(2)(C), 94 Stat. 227; Dec. 24, 1980, Pub. L. 96–596, §4(a)(1), 94 Stat. 3475; Dec. 24, 1980, Pub. L. 96–598, §1(d), 94 Stat. 3486; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §§514(a), 516(a)(2), 96 Stat. 2181, 2182; July 18, 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §735(c)(2), 98 Stat. 982; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, title V, §502(a)(3), 101 Stat. 256; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11211(c)(2), 104 Stat. 1388–426; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, title VIII, §8002(a)(2), 105 Stat. 2203.)

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240 substituted "1999" for "1995".

1990—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–508 substituted "1995" for "1993".

1987—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–17 substituted "1993" for "1988".

1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–369, §735(c)(2)(A), struck out "or inner tube" after "any tire", and struck out "or tube" after "such tire" in two places in first sentence.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–369, §735(c)(2)(B), substituted "on total weight exclusive" for "on total weight, except that in the case of tires such total weight shall be exclusive".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98–369, §735(c)(2)(C), struck out "or inner tubes (other than bicycle tires and inner tubes)" after "equipped with tires" in provisions preceding par. (1), struck out "and inner tubes" before "with which such article is equipped" in pars. (1) and (2), and substituted "sale of an automobile bus chassis or an automobile bus body" for "sale of an article if a tax on such sale is imposed under section 4061 or if such article is an automobile bus chassis or an automobile bus body" in provisions following par. (2).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–369, §735(c)(2)(D), struck out subsec. (f) which related to imported recapped or retreaded United States tires.

1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424, §514(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "There is hereby imposed upon the following articles, if wholly or in part of rubber, sold by the manufacturer, producer, or importer, a tax at the following rates:

"(1) Tires of the type used on highway vehicles, 9.75 cents a pound.

"(2) Other tires (other than laminated tires to which paragraph (5) applies), 4.875 cents a pound.

"(3) Inner tubes, for tires, 10 cents a pound.

"(4) Tread rubber, 5 cents a pound.

"(5) Laminated tires (not of the type used on highway vehicles) which consist wholly of scrap rubber from used tire casings with an internal metal fastening agent, 1 cent a pound."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–424, §516(a)(2), substituted provision that, on and after Oct. 1, 1988, the taxes imposed by subsec. (a) shall not apply, for provision that, on and after Oct. 1, 1984, the tax imposed by subsec. (a)(1) would be 4.875 cents a pound, that by subsec. (a)(3) would be 9 cents a pound, and that subsec. (a)(4) would not apply.

1980—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 96–596, §4(a)(1)(A), substituted "9.75 cents" for "10 cents".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96–596, §4(a)(1)(B), substituted "4.875 cents" for "5 cents".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 96–596, §4(a)(1)(C), substituted "4.875 cents" for "5 cents".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96–222 inserted references to an automobile bus chassis or body.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–598 added subsec. (f).

1978—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–599 substituted "1984" for "1979".

1976—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–280 substituted "1979" for "1977".

1971—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 92–178 added subsec. (e).

1970—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–605 substituted "1977" for "1972".

1966—Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 89–523 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) and (c) as (c) and (d), respectively.

1961—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 87–61, §202(a), increased tax from 8 to 10 cents a pound.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 87–61, §202(c), increased tax from 9 to 10 cents a pound.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 87–61, §202(c), increased tax from 3 to 5 cents a pound.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–61, §202(d), substituted "October 1, 1972" for "July 1, 1972", added par. (2), and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

1960—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 86–440, §1(a)(1), inserted "(other than laminated tires to which paragraph (5) applies)" after "other tires".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 86–440, §1(a)(2), added par. (5).

1956—Act June 29, 1956, increased tax on tires of type used on highway vehicles from 5 cents a pound to 8 cents a pound, provided for a tax of 3 cents a pound on tread rubber, and required on and after July 1, 1972, a reduction in tax on tires of type used on highway vehicles from 8 cents a pound to 5 cents a pound, and elimination of tax on tread rubber.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Highway Revenue Act of 1982, title V of Pub. L. 97–424, to which such amendment relates, see section 736 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 4051 of this title.

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Section 514(b) of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to articles sold on or after January 1, 1984".

Effective Date of 1980 Amendments

Section 1(e) of Pub. L. 96–598 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 6416 and 6511 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first calendar month which begins more than 10 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 24, 1980]."

Section 4(a)(2) of Pub. L. 96–596 provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply on and after January 1, 1981."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–222 effective as if included in the provision of the Energy Tax Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–618, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3174, to which such amendment relates, see section 108(c)(7) of Pub. L. 96–222, set out as a note under section 48 of this title.

Effective Date of 1971 Amendment

Section 401(h) of Pub. L. 92–178 provided that:

"(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the amendments made by subsections (a), (f), and (g) [amending this section and sections 4061, 4062, 4063, 4216, 4221, 4222, 6412, and 6416 of this title] of this section shall apply with respect to articles sold on or after the day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 10, 1971].

"(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), an article shall not be considered sold before the day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 10, 1971] unless possession or right to possession passes to the purchaser before such day.

"(3) In the case of—

"(A) a lease,

"(B) a contract for the sale of an article where it is provided that the price shall be paid by installments and title to the article sold does not pass until a future date notwithstanding partial payment by installments,

"(C) a conditional sale, or

"(D) a chattel mortgage arrangement wherein it is provided that the sale price shall be paid in installments,

entered into on or before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 10, 1971], payments made after such date, with respect to the article leased or sold shall, for purposes of this subsection, be considered as payments made with respect to an article sold after such date, if the lessor or vendor establishes that the amount of payments payable after such date with respect to such article has been reduced by an amount equal to that portion of the tax applicable with respect to the lease or sale of such article which is due and payable after such date. If the lessor or vendor does not establish that the payments have been so reduced, they shall be treated as payments made in respect of an article sold before the day after the date of the enactment of this Act."

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

Section 1(b) of Pub. L. 89–523 provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first calendar quarter which begins more than 20 days after the date on which this Act is enacted [Aug. 1, 1966]."

Effective Date of 1961 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–61 effective July 1, 1961, see section 208 of Pub. L. 87–61, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1960 Amendment

Section 1(b) of Pub. L. 86–440 provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to articles sold on or after the first day of the first month which begins more than 10 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [April 22, 1960]."

Effective Date of 1956 Amendment

Amendment by act June 29, 1956, effective July 1, 1956, see section 211 of act June 29, 1956, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Allowance of Credit or Refund of Overpayment of Tax Imposed

Section 4(b) of Pub. L. 96–596 provided that:

"(b) Determination of Overpayment.—

"(1) In general.—The determination of the extent to which any overpayment of tax imposed by section 4071(a)(1) or (2) or section 4071(b) has arisen by reason of an adjustment of a tire after the original sale pursuant to a warranty or guarantee, and the allowance of a credit or refund of any such overpayment, shall be determined in accordance with the principles set forth in regulations and rulings relating thereto to the extent in effect on March 31, 1978.

"(2) Effective date.—This subsection shall apply to the adjustment of any tire after March 31, 1978, and prior to January 1, 1983."

Cross References

Floor stocks refunds, see section 6412 of this title.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 4052, 4073, 4218, 4221, 6412, 6416, 9502, 9503 of this title.

§4072. Definitions

(a) Rubber

For purposes of this chapter, the term "rubber" includes synthetic and substitute rubber.

(b) Tires of the type used on highway vehicles

For purposes of this part, the term "tires of the type used on highway vehicles" means tires of the type used on—

(1) motor vehicles which are highway vehicles, or

(2) vehicles of the type used in connection with motor vehicles which are highway vehicles.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 482; June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title II, §204(b), 70 Stat. 389; July 18, 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §735(c)(3), 98 Stat. 982.)

Amendments

1984—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 98–369 redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which defined "tread rubber".

1956—Act June 29, 1956, substituted "Definitions" for "Definition of rubber" in section catchline.

Act June 29, 1956, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Highway Revenue Act of 1982, title V of Pub. L. 97–424, to which such amendment relates, see section 736 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 4051 of this title.

Effective Date of 1956 Amendment

Amendment by act June 29, 1956, effective July 1, 1956, see section 211 of act June 29, 1956, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

§4073. Exemption for tires with internal wire fastening

The tax imposed by section 4071 shall not apply to tires of extruded tiring with an internal wire fastening agent.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 482; June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title II, §204(c), 70 Stat. 389; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), 90 Stat. 1834; July 18, 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §735(c)(4), 98 Stat. 982.)

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–369 substituted "Exemption for tires with internal wire fastening" for "Exemptions" in section catchline, and in text struck out subsec. (a) relating to exemption from tax on tires not more than 20 inches in diameter and not more than 1¾ inches in cross section, struck out subsec. (c) relating to exemption from tax on tread rubber in certain cases, and struck out letter designation "(b)" and subsection heading for subsec. (b) thereby designating text of former subsec. (b) as entire text of section.

1976—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

1956—Subsec. (c). Act June 29, 1956, added subsec. (c).

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Highway Revenue Act of 1982, title V of Pub. L. 97–424, to which such amendment relates, see section 736 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 4051 of this title.

Effective Date of 1956 Amendment

Amendment by act June 29, 1956, effective July 1, 1956, see section 211 of act June 29, 1956, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

PART III—PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

        

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13242(d)(43), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 528, substituted "Gasoline and diesel fuel" for "Gasoline" in item for subpart A and "Aviation fuel" for "Diesel fuel and aviation fuel" in item for subpart B.

1987—Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10502(d)(18), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–445, added item relating to subpart B.

1983—Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §515(b)(13), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2182, struck out the item for subpart B "Lubricating oil".

Subpart A—Gasoline and Diesel Fuel

        

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13242(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 514, substituted "Gasoline and Diesel Fuel" for "Gasoline" in subpart heading and amended section analysis generally, substituting "Exemptions for diesel fuel" for "Definitions" in item 4082 and "Definitions; special rule; administrative authority" for "Cross references" in item 4083 and adding item 4084.

1986—Pub. L. 99–514, title XVII, §1703(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2774, struck out item 4083 "Exemption of sales to producer" and redesignated former item 4084 as 4083.

1956—Act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title II, §208(e)(2), 70 Stat. 397, substituted "Cross references" for "Relief of farmers from tax in case of gasoline used on the farm" in item 4084.

Act Apr. 2, 1956, ch. 160, §4(a)(2), 70 Stat. 90, added item 4084.

§4081. Imposition of tax

(a) Tax imposed

(1) Tax on removal, entry, or sale

(A) In general

There is hereby imposed a tax at the rate specified in paragraph (2) on—

(i) the removal of a taxable fuel from any refinery,

(ii) the removal of a taxable fuel from any terminal,

(iii) the entry into the United States of any taxable fuel for consumption, use, or warehousing, and

(iv) the sale of a taxable fuel to any person who is not registered under section 4101 unless there was a prior taxable removal or entry of such fuel under clause (i), (ii), or (iii).

(B) Exemption for bulk transfers to registered terminals or refineries

The tax imposed by this paragraph shall not apply to any removal or entry of a taxable fuel transferred in bulk to a terminal or refinery if the person removing or entering the taxable fuel and the operator of such terminal or refinery are registered under section 4101.

(2) Rates of tax

(A) In general

The rate of the tax imposed by this section is—

(i) in the case of gasoline, 18.3 cents per gallon, and

(ii) in the case of diesel fuel, 24.3 cents per gallon.

(B) Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund tax

The rates of tax specified in subparagraph (A) shall each be increased by 0.1 cent per gallon. The increase in tax under this subparagraph shall in this title be referred to as the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate.

(b) Treatment of removal or subsequent sale by blender

(1) In general

There is hereby imposed a tax at the rate determined under subsection (a) on taxable fuel removed or sold by the blender thereof.

(2) Credit for tax previously paid

If—

(A) tax is imposed on the removal or sale of a taxable fuel by reason of paragraph (1), and

(B) the blender establishes the amount of the tax paid with respect to such fuel by reason of subsection (a),

the amount of the tax so paid shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by reason of paragraph (1).

(c) Taxable fuels mixed with alcohol

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary—

(1) In general

The rate of tax under subsection (a) shall be the alcohol mixture rate in the case of the removal or entry of any qualified alcohol mixture.

(2) Tax prior to mixing

(A) In general

In the case of the removal or entry of any taxable fuel for use in producing at the time of such removal or entry a qualified alcohol mixture, the rate of tax under subsection (a) shall be the applicable fraction of the alcohol mixture rate. Subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe (including the application of section 4101), the treatment under the preceding sentence also shall apply to use in producing a qualified alcohol mixture after the time of such removal or entry.

(B) Applicable fraction

For purposes of subparagraph (A), the applicable fraction is—

(i) in the case of a qualified alcohol mixture which contains gasoline, the fraction the numerator of which is 10 and the denominator of which is—

(I) 9 in the case of 10 percent gasohol,

(II) 9.23 in the case of 7.7 percent gasohol, and

(III) 9.43 in the case of 5.7 percent gasohol, and

(ii) in the case of a qualified alcohol mixture which does not contain gasoline, 10/9.

(3) Alcohol; qualified alcohol mixture

For purposes of this subsection—

(A) Alcohol

The term "alcohol" includes methanol and ethanol but does not include alcohol produced from petroleum, natural gas, or coal (including peat). Such term does not include alcohol with a proof of less than 190 (determined without regard to any added denaturants).

(B) Qualified alcohol mixture

The term "qualified alcohol mixture" means—

(i) any mixture of gasoline with alcohol if at least 5.7 percent of such mixture is alcohol, and

(ii) any mixture of diesel fuel with alcohol if at least 10 percent of such mixture is alcohol.

(4) Alcohol mixture rates for gasoline mixtures

For purposes of this subsection—

(A) In general

The alcohol mixture rate for a qualified alcohol mixture which contains gasoline is the excess of the rate which would (but for this paragraph) be determined under subsection (a) over—

(i) 5.4 cents per gallon for 10 percent gasohol,

(ii) 4.158 cents per gallon for 7.7 percent gasohol, and

(iii) 3.078 cents per gallon for 5.7 percent gasohol.

In the case of a mixture none of the alcohol in which consists of ethanol, clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) shall be applied by substituting "6 cents" for "5.4 cents", "4.62 cents" for "4.158 cents", and "3.42 cents" for "3.078 cents".

(B) 10 percent gasohol

The term "10 percent gasohol" means any mixture of gasoline with alcohol if at least 10 percent of such mixture is alcohol.

(C) 7.7 percent gasohol

The term "7.7 percent gasohol" means any mixture of gasoline with alcohol if at least 7.7 percent, but not 10 percent or more, of such mixture is alcohol.

(D) 5.7 percent gasohol

The term "5.7 percent gasohol" means any mixture of gasoline with alcohol if at least 5.7 percent, but not 7.7 percent or more, of such mixture is alcohol.

(5) Alcohol mixture rate for diesel fuel mixtures

The alcohol mixture rate for a qualified alcohol mixture which does not contain gasoline is the excess of the rate which would (but for this paragraph) be determined under subsection (a) over 5.4 cents per gallon (6 cents per gallon in the case of a qualified alcohol mixture none of the alcohol in which consists of ethanol).

(6) Limitation

In no event shall any alcohol mixture rate determined under this subsection be less than 4.3 cents per gallon.

(7) Later separation of fuel from qualified alcohol mixture

If any person separates the taxable fuel from a qualified alcohol mixture on which tax was imposed under subsection (a) at a rate determined under paragraph (1) or (2) (or with respect to which a credit or payment was allowed or made by reason of section 6427(f)(1)), such person shall be treated as the refiner of such taxable fuel. The amount of tax imposed on any removal of such fuel by such person shall be reduced by the amount of tax imposed (and not credited or refunded) on any prior removal or entry of such fuel.

(8) Termination

Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply to any removal, entry, or sale after September 30, 2000.

(d) Termination

(1) In general

On and after October 1, 1999, each rate of tax specified in subsection (a)(2)(A) shall be 4.3 cents per gallon.

(2) Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate

The Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate under subsection (a)(2) shall not apply after December 31, 1995.

(e) Refunds in certain cases

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, if any person who paid the tax imposed by this section with respect to any taxable fuel establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that a prior tax was paid (and not credited or refunded) with respect to such taxable fuel, then an amount equal to the tax paid by such person shall be allowed as a refund (without interest) to such person in the same manner as if it were an overpayment of tax imposed by this section.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 483; Mar. 30, 1955, ch. 18, §3(a)(3), 69 Stat. 14; Mar. 29, 1956, ch. 115, §3(a)(3), 70 Stat. 66; June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title II, §205, 70 Stat. 389; Sept. 21, 1959, Pub. L. 86–342, title II, §201(a), 73 Stat. 613; June 29, 1961, Pub. L. 87–61, title II, §201(b)–(d), 75 Stat. 123, 124; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–605, title III, §303(a)(6), 84 Stat. 1744; May 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–280, title III, §303(a)(6), 90 Stat. 456; Nov. 6, 1978, Pub. L. 95–599, title V, §502(a)(5), 92 Stat. 2756; Nov. 9, 1978, Pub. L. 95–618, title II, §221(a)(1), 92 Stat. 3185; Apr. 2, 1980, Pub. L. 96–223, title II, §232(a)(1), (b)(3)(A), (d)(3), 94 Stat. 273, 276, 277; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §§511(a)(1), (d)(1), 516(a)(3), 96 Stat. 2169, 2171, 2182; July 18, 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §732(a)(1), (2), title IX, §912(b), (f), 98 Stat. 976, 977, 1007; Oct. 17, 1986, Pub. L. 99–499, title V, §521(a)(1), 100 Stat. 1774; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, title XVII, §1703(a), 100 Stat. 2774; Apr. 2, 1987, Pub. L. 100–17, title V, §502(a)(4), (c)(2), 101 Stat. 256, 257; Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10502(d)(2), 101 Stat. 1330–444; Nov. 10, 1988, Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1017(c)(1), (14), title II, §2001(d)(5), title VI, §6104(a), 102 Stat. 3575, 3577, 3595, 3711; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §§11211(a)(1)–(3), (5)(A)–(C), (c)(3), (e)(3), 11212(a), (d)(1), (e)(2), 11215(a), 104 Stat. 1388–423, 1388-424, 1388-426, 1388-427, 1388-430, 1388-432, 1388-436; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, title VIII, §8002(a)(3), 105 Stat. 2203; Oct. 24, 1992, Pub. L. 102–486, title XIX, §1920(a), (b), 106 Stat. 3026; Aug. 10, 1993, Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §§13241(a), 13242(a), 107 Stat. 510, 514.)

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–66, §13242(a), amended section generally, substituting, in subsec. (a), provisions imposing tax on taxable fuels for provisions imposing tax on gasoline, in subsec. (b), provisions relating to treatment of removal or subsequent sale of taxable fuels by blender for provisions relating to treatment of removal or subsequent sale of gasoline by blender or compounder, in subsec. (c), provisions relating to taxable fuels mixed with alcohol for provisions relating to gasoline mixed with alcohol at refinery etc., in subsec. (d), provisions decreasing tax rate imposed on taxable fuels to 4.3 cents per gallon beginning on and after Oct. 1, 1999, for provisions terminating the Highway Trust Fund financing and deficit reduction rates on and after Oct. 1, 1999, and Oct. 1, 1995, respectively, and, in subsec. (e), "taxable fuel" for "gasoline" in two places.

Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 103–66, §13241(a), amended cl. (iii) generally, substituting "6.8 cents per gallon" for "2.5 cents a gallon".

1992—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 102–486, §1920(a), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, subsection (a) shall be applied by substituting rates which are 10/9th of the otherwise applicable rates in the case of the removal or sale of any gasoline for use in producing gasohol at the time of such removal or sale. Subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe (including the application of section 4101), the treatment under the preceding sentence also shall apply to use in producing gasohol after the time of such removal or sale. For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'gasohol' means any mixture of gasoline if at least 10 percent of such mixture is alcohol. For purposes of this subsection, in the case of the Highway Trust Fund financing rate, the otherwise applicable rate is 6.1 cents a gallon."

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 102–486, §1920(b)(1), substituted "an otherwise applicable rate" for "6.1 cents a gallon".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 102–486, §1920(b)(2), substituted heading for one which read: "Lower rate on gasohol made other than from ethanol", added text, and struck out former text which read as follows: "In the case of gasohol none of the alcohol in which consists of ethanol, paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be applied by substituting '5.5 cents' for '6.1 cents'."

1991—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 102–240 substituted "1999" for "1995".

1990—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–508, §11212(a), substituted heading for one which read: "In general" and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There is hereby imposed a tax at the rate specified in paragraph (2) on the earlier of—

"(A) the removal, or

"(B) the sale,

of gasoline by the refiner or importer thereof or the terminal operator."

Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(a)(1), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(a)(2)(A), substituted "11.5 cents" for "9 cents".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(a)(2)(B), (C), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101–508, §11212(e)(2), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "For purposes of paragraph (1), the bulk transfer of gasoline to a terminal operator by a refiner or importer shall not be considered a removal or sale of gasoline by such refiner or importer."

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(a)(5)(A), substituted "applied by substituting rates which are 10/9th of the otherwise applicable rates" for "applied by substituting '31/3 cents' for '9 cents' and by substituting '1/9 cent' for '0.1 cent' " and inserted "For purposes of this subsection, in the case of the Highway Trust Fund financing rate, the otherwise applicable rate is 6.1 cents a gallon."

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(a)(5)(B), which directed the substitution of "at a Highway Trust Fund financing rate equivalent to 6.1 cents" for "at a rate equivalent to 3 cents", was executed by making the substitution for "at a Highway Trust Fund financing rate equivalent to 3 cents" to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See 1986 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(a)(5)(C), added par. (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(e)(3), substituted "2000" for "1993".

Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(a)(5)(C), redesignated par. (4) as (5).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(c)(3), substituted "1995" for "1993".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 101–508, §11215(a), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows:

"(A) In general.—The Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate under subsection (a)(2) shall not apply after the earlier of—

"(i) December 31, 1991, or

"(ii) the last day of the termination month.

"(B) Termination month.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), the termination month is the 1st month as of the close of which the Secretary estimates that the net revenues are at least $500,000,000 from taxes imposed by section 4041(d) and taxes attributable to Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate imposed under this section and sections 4042 and 4091.

"(C) Net revenues.—For purposes of subparagraph (B), the term 'net revenues' means the excess of gross revenues over amounts payable by reason of section 9508(c)(2) (relating to transfer from Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund for certain repayments and credits)."

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(a)(3), added par. (3).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–508, §11212(d)(1), added subsec. (e).

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–647, §1017(c)(1)(A), added pars. (1) and (2), struck out former par. (1) which imposed a tax at the rate specified in subsec. (d) on the earlier of the removal, or the sale of gasoline by the refiner or importer thereof or the terminal operator, and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–647, §1017(c)(1)(B), substituted "subsection (a)" for "subsection (d)".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 100–647, §6104(a), inserted after first sentence "Subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe (including the application of section 4101), the treatment under the preceding sentence also shall apply to use in producing gasohol after the time of such removal or sale."

Pub. L. 100–647, §2001(d)(5)(A), inserted "and by substituting '1/9 cent' for '0.1 cent' " before "in the case of the removal".

Pub. L. 100–647, §1017(c)(14), substituted "31/3 cents" for "3 cents".

Pub. L. 100–647, §1017(c)(1)(B), substituted "subsection (a)" for "subsection (d)".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 100–647, §2001(d)(5)(B), substituted "reduced by the amount of tax imposed (and not credited or refunded) on any prior removal or sale of such fuel" for "52/3 cents a gallon".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–647, §1017(c)(1)(D), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which related to the rate of tax.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 100–647, §1017(c)(1)(C)(i), substituted "subsection (a)(2)" for "subsection (d)(2)(A)".

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 100–647, §1017(c)(1)(C)(ii), substituted "subsection (a)(2)" for "subsection (d)(2)(B)".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–647, §1017(c)(1)(D), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d).

1987—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 100–17, §502(c)(2), substituted "September 30, 1993" for "December 31, 1992".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 100–17, §502(a)(4), substituted "1993" for "1988".

Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 100–203 substituted "net revenues are at least $500,000,000 from taxes imposed by section 4041(d) and taxes attributable to Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate imposed under this section and sections 4042 and 4091." for "net revenues from the taxes imposed by this section (to the extent attributable to the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate under subsection (d)(2)(B)), section 4041(d), and section 4042 (to the extent attributable to the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate under section 4042(b)) are at least $500,000,000."

1986—Pub. L. 99–514 amended section generally, substituting provisions imposing a tax on the removal or sale of gasoline by the refiner, importer, blender, or compounder thereof or the terminal operator for provisions imposing a tax on gasoline sold by the producer or importer thereof, or by any producer of gasoline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–499, §521(a)(1)(B)(i), substituted "at the rate specified in subsection (d)" for "of 9 cents a gallon" in par. (1) as amended by Pub. L. 99–514.

Pub. L. 99–499, §521(a)(1)(A)(i), amended subsec. (a), as in effect the day before Oct. 22, 1986, generally, substituting "at the rate specified in subsection (b)" for "of 9 cents a gallon".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–499, §521(a)(1)(B)(i), substituted "at the rate specified in subsection (d)" for "of 9 cents a gallon" in par. (1) as amended by Pub. L. 99–514.

Pub. L. 99–499, §521(a)(1)(A)(i), amended subsec. (b), as in effect the day before Oct. 22, 1986, generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b), termination, read as follows: "On and after October 1, 1988, the taxes imposed by this section shall not apply."

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–499, §521(a)(1)(B)(iii)(I), substituted "subsection (d)" for "subsection (a)" in par. (1) as amended by Pub. L. 99–514.

Pub. L. 99–499, §521(a)(1)(A)(iii), substituted "subsection (b)" for "subsection (a)" in introductory provisions as in effect the day before Oct. 22, 1986.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 99–499, §521(a)(1)(B)(iii)(II), substituted "a Highway Trust Fund financing rate" for "a rate" in par. (2) as amended by Pub. L. 99–514.

Pub. L. 99–499, §521(a)(1)(A)(iii)(II), substituted "a Highway Trust Fund financing rate" for "a rate" in par. (2) as in effect the day before Oct. 22, 1986.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–499, §521(a)(1)(B)(ii), added subsec. (d) to this section as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, and struck out former subsec. (d), termination, which read as follows: "On and after October 1, 1988, the taxes imposed by this section shall not apply."

Pub. L. 99–499, §521(a)(1)(A)(i), in amending this section as in effect the day before Oct. 22, 1986, added subsec. (d).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–499, §521(a)(1)(B)(ii), added subsec. (e) to this section as amended by Pub. L. 99–514.

1984—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–369, §912(b)(A), (B), substituted "3 cents" for "4 cents" in subpar. (A), and "31/3 cents" for "44/9 cents" in subpar. (B).

Pub. L. 98–369, §732(a)(1), struck out "by substituting '4 cents' for '9 cents' in the case of the sale of any gasoline" after "shall be applied" in text preceding subpar. (A), substituted "by substituting '4 cents' for '9 cents' in the case of the sale of any gasohol (the gasoline in which was not taxed under subparagraph (B)), and" for "in a mixture with alcohol, if at least 10 percent of the mixture is alcohol, or" in subpar. (A), substituted "by substituting '44/9 cents' for '9 cents' in the case of the sale of any gasoline for use in producing gasohol" for "for use in producing a mixture at least 10 percent of which is alcohol" in subpar. (B) and inserted definition of "gasohol" after subpar. (B).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 98–369, §912(b)(A), (C), substituted "3 cents" for "4 cents" and "52/3 cents" for "45/9 cents".

Pub. L. 98–369, §732(a)(2), substituted "at a rate equivalent to 4 cents a gallon" for "at a rate of 4 cents a gallon", and "45/9 cents a gallon" for "5 cents a gallon".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 98–369, §912(f), substituted "coal (including peat)" for "coal".

1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424, §511(a)(1), increased tax from 4 to 9 cents a gallon.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–424, §516(a)(3), substituted provision that, on and after Oct. 1, 1988, the taxes imposed by this section shall not apply, for provision that, on and after Oct. 1, 1984, the tax imposed by this section would be 1½ cents a gallon.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 97–424, §511(d)(1)(A), substituted "subsection (a) shall be applied by substituting '4 cents' for '9 cents' in the case of the sale of any gasoline" for "no tax shall be imposed by this section on the sale of any gasoline" after "Secretary,".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 97–424, §511(d)(1)(B), substituted "tax was imposed under subsection (a) at the rate of 4 cents a gallon by reason of this subsection" for "tax was not imposed by reason of this subsection" after "alcohol on which", and inserted provision that the amount of tax imposed on any sale of such gasoline by such person shall be 5 cents a gallon.

1980—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 96–223, §232(d)(3), inserted "(or with respect to which a credit or payment was allowed or made by reason of section 6427(f)(1))" after "this subsection".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 96–223, §232(b)(3)(A), inserted provision that "alcohol" does not include alcohol with a proof of less than 190 (determined without regard to any added denaturants).

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 96–223, §232(a)(1), added par. (4).

1978—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–599 substituted "1984" for "1979".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–618 added subsec. (c).

1976—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–280 substituted "1979" for "1977".

1970—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–605 substituted "1977" for "1972".

1961—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–61, §201(b), increased tax from 3 to 4 cents a gallon.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–61, §201(c), substituted "October 1, 1972" for "July 1, 1972."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–61, §201(d), repealed subsec. (c) which authorized a temporary increase in tax for the period October 1, 1959, to July 1, 1961.

1959—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 86–342 added subsec. (c).

1956—Act Mar. 29, 1956, substituted "April 1, 1957" for "April 1, 1956".

Subsec. (a). Act June 29, 1956, redesignated first sentence as subsec. (a) and increased tax from 2 to 3 cents a gallon.

Subsec. (b). Act June 29, 1956, redesignated second sentence as subsec. (b) and substituted "July 1, 1972" for "April 1, 1956".

1955—Act Mar. 30, 1955, substituted "April 1, 1956" for "April 1, 1955".

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by section 13241(a) of Pub. L. 103–66 effective Oct. 1, 1993, see section 13241(g) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Amendment by section 13242(a) of Pub. L. 103–66 effective Jan. 1, 1994, see section 13242(e) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Section 1920(c) of Pub. L. 102–486 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to gasoline removed (as defined in [former] section 4082 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) or entered after December 31, 1992."

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by section 11211(a)(1)–(3), (5)(A)–(C) of Pub. L. 101–508 applicable, except as otherwise provided, to gasoline removed (as defined in [former] section 4082 of this title) after Nov. 30, 1990, see section 11211(a)(6) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Section 11212(f) of Pub. L. 101–508 provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting section 4103 of this title and amending this section and sections 4093, 4101, 4222, 6103, 6416, and 6724 of this title] shall take effect on July 1, 1991.

"(2) Registration, etc.—The amendments made by subsections (b), (c), and (e) (other than paragraph (2) thereof) [enacting section 4103 of this title and amending sections 4093, 4101, 4222, 6103, and 6724 of this title] shall take effect on December 1, 1990."

Section 11215(b) of Pub. L. 101–508 provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on December 1, 1990."

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by section 1017(c)(1), (14) of Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by section 2001(d)(5) of Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Superfund Revenue Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–499, title V, to which it relates, see section 2001(e) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 56 of this title.

Section 6104(b) of Pub. L. 100–647 provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1989."

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–203 applicable to sales after Mar. 31, 1988, see section 10502(e) of Pub. L. 100–203, set out as a note under section 40 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendments

Section 1703(h) of Pub. L. 99–514 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 34, 4082, 4083, 4101, 4221, 6421, 6427, 7210, 7603 to 7605, 7609, and 7610 of this title and omitting section 4084 of this title] shall apply to gasoline removed (as defined in section 4082 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended by this section) after December 31, 1987."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–499 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 521(e) of Pub. L. 99–499, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by section 732(a)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 98–369 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Highway Revenue Act of 1982, title V of Pub. L. 97–424, to which such amendment relates, see section 736 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 4051 of this title.

Amendment by section 912(b), (f) of Pub. L. 98–369 effective Jan. 1, 1985, see section 912(g) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 40 of this title.

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by section 511(a)(1), (d)(1) of Pub. L. 97–424 effective Apr. 1, 1983, see section 511(h)(1) of Pub. L. 97–424, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by section 232(b)(3)(A) of Pub. L. 96–223 applicable to sales or uses after Sept. 30, 1980, in taxable years ending after such date, see section 232(h)(1) of Pub. L. 96–223, set out as an Effective Date note under section 40 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Section 221(a)(2) of Pub. L. 95–618, as amended by Pub. L. 96–223, title II, §232(a)(3), Apr. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 273, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to sales after December 31, 1978."

Effective Date of 1961 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–61 effective July 1, 1961, see section 208 of Pub. L. 87–61, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1956 Amendment

Amendment by act June 29, 1956, effective July 1, 1956, see section 211 of act June 29, 1956, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Floor Stocks Taxes

Section 13241(h) of Pub. L. 103–66 provided that:

"(1) Imposition of tax.—In the case of gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel on which tax was imposed under section 4081 or 4091 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 before October 1, 1993, and which is held on such date by any person, there is hereby imposed a floor stocks tax of 4.3 cents per gallon on such gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel.

"(2) Liability for tax and method of payment.—

"(A) Liability for tax.—A person holding gasoline, diesel fuel, or aviation fuel on October 1, 1993, to which the tax imposed by paragraph (1) applies shall be liable for such tax.

"(B) Method of payment.—The tax imposed by paragraph (1) shall be paid in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe.

"(C) Time for payment.—The tax imposed by paragraph (1) shall be paid on or before November 30, 1993.

"(3) Definitions.—For purposes of this subsection—

"(A) Held by a person.—Gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel shall be considered as 'held by a person' if title thereto has passed to such person (whether or not delivery to the person has been made).

"(B) Gasoline.—The term 'gasoline' has the meaning given such term by section 4082 [see section 4083] of such Code.

"(C) Diesel fuel.—The term 'diesel fuel' has the meaning given such term by section 4092 [see section 4083] of such Code.

"(D) Aviation fuel.—The term 'aviation fuel' has the meaning given such term by section 4092 [see section 4093] of such Code.

"(E) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate.

"(4) Exception for exempt uses.—The tax imposed by paragraph (1) shall not apply to gasoline, diesel fuel, or aviation fuel held by any person exclusively for any use to the extent a credit or refund of the tax imposed by section 4081 or 4091 of such Code, as the case may be, is allowable for such use.

"(5) Exception for fuel held in vehicle tank.—No tax shall be imposed by paragraph (1) on gasoline or diesel fuel held in the tank of a motor vehicle or motorboat.

"(6) Exception for certain amounts of fuel.—

"(A) In general.—No tax shall be imposed by paragraph (1)—

"(i) on gasoline held on October 1, 1993, by any person if the aggregate amount of gasoline held by such person on such date does not exceed 4,000 gallons, and

"(ii) on diesel fuel or aviation fuel held on October 1, 1993, by any person if the aggregate amount of diesel fuel or aviation fuel held by such person on such date does not exceed 2,000 gallons.

The preceding sentence shall apply only if such person submits to the Secretary (at the time and in the manner required by the Secretary) such information as the Secretary shall require for purposes of this paragraph.

"(B) Exempt fuel.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), there shall not be taken into account fuel held by any person which is exempt from the tax imposed by paragraph (1) by reason of paragraph (4) or (5).

"(C) Controlled groups.—For purposes of this paragraph—

"(i) Corporations.—

"(I) In general.—All persons treated as a controlled group shall be treated as 1 person.

"(II) Controlled group.—The term 'controlled group' has the meaning given to such term by subsection (a) of section 1563 of such Code; except that for such purposes the phrase 'more than 50 percent' shall be substituted for the phrase 'at least 80 percent' each place it appears in such subsection.

"(ii) Nonincorporated persons under common control.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, principles similar to the principles of clause (i) shall apply to a group of persons under common control where 1 or more of such persons is not a corporation.

"(7) Other law applicable.—All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable with respect to the taxes imposed by section 4081 of such Code in the case of gasoline and section 4091 of such Code in the case of diesel fuel and aviation fuel shall, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions of this subsection, apply with respect to the floor stock taxes imposed by paragraph (1) to the same extent as if such taxes were imposed by such section 4081 or 4091."

Section 13243 of Pub. L. 103–66 provided that:

"(a) In General.—There is hereby imposed a floor stocks tax on diesel fuel held by any person on January 1, 1994, if—

"(1) no tax was imposed on such fuel under section 4041(a) or 4091 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as in effect on December 31, 1993, and

"(2) tax would have been imposed by section 4081 of such Code, as amended by this Act, on any prior removal, entry, or sale of such fuel had such section 4081 applied to such fuel for periods before January 1, 1994.

"(b) Rate of Tax.—The rate of the tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be the amount of tax which would be imposed under section 4081 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 if there were a taxable sale of such fuel on such date.

"(c) Liability and Payment of Tax.—

"(1) Liability for tax.—A person holding the diesel fuel on January 1, 1994, to which the tax imposed by this section applies shall be liable for such tax.

"(2) Method of payment.—The tax imposed by this section shall be paid in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe.

"(3) Time for payment.—The tax imposed by this section shall be paid on or before July 31, 1994.

"(d) Definitions.—For purposes of this section—

"(1) Diesel fuel.—The term 'diesel fuel' has the meaning given such term by section 4083(a) of such Code.

"(2) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate.

"(e) Exceptions.—

"(1) Persons entitled to credit or refund.—The tax imposed by this section shall not apply to fuel held by any person exclusively for any use to the extent a credit or refund of the tax imposed by section 4081 is allowable for such use.

"(2) Compliance with dyeing required.—Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the holder of any fuel if the holder of such fuel fails to comply with any requirement imposed by the Secretary with respect to dyeing and marking such fuel.

"(f) Other Laws Applicable.—All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable with respect to the taxes imposed by section 4081 of such Code shall, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions of this section, apply with respect to the floor stock taxes imposed by this section to the same extent as if such taxes were imposed by such section 4081."

Section 11211(j) of Pub. L. 101–508 imposed a floor stocks tax on (A) gasoline and diesel fuel on which tax was imposed under section 4081 or 4091 of this title before Dec. 1, 1990, and which was held on such date by any person, or (B) diesel fuel on which no tax was imposed under section 4091 of this title at the Highway Trust Fund financing rate before Dec. 1, 1990, and which was held on such date by any person for use as fuel in a train.

Section 1703(f) of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended by Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1017(c)(13), title II, §2001(d)(4), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3577, 3595, imposed a floor stocks tax at the rate of 9.1 cents per gallon on gasoline subject to tax under section 4081 of this title which, on Jan. 1, 1988, was held by a dealer for sale, and with respect to which no tax had been imposed under such section.

Study of Evasion of Gasoline Tax

Section 1703(g) of Pub. L. 99–514 directed Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate to conduct a study of incidence of evasion of gasoline tax, with report of the study to be submitted, not later than Dec. 31, 1986, to Committee on Ways and Means of House of Representatives and Committee on Finance of Senate.

Extension of Payment Due Date for Certain Fuel Taxes

Section 518 of Pub. L. 97–424, as amended by Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §734(i), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 980; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(a) 14-Day Extension.—The Secretary shall prescribe regulations which permit any qualified person whose liability for tax under section 4081 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] is payable with respect to semi-monthly periods to pay such tax on or before the day which is 14 days after the close of such semi-monthly period if such payment is made by wire transfer to, except as provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate, any Federal Reserve Bank.

"(b) Qualified Person Defined.—For purposes of this section—

"(1) In general.—The term 'qualified person' means—

"(A) any person other than any person whose average daily production of crude oil for the preceding calendar quarter exceeds 1,000 barrels, and

"(B) any independent refiner (within the meaning of section 4995(b)(4) of such Code).

"(2) Aggregation rules.—For purposes of paragraph (1), in determining whether any person's production exceeds 1,000 barrels per day, rules similar to the rules of section 4992(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall apply.

"(c) Special Rule Where 14th Day Falls on Saturday, Sunday, or Holiday.—If, but for this subsection, the due date under subsection (a) would fall on a Saturday, Sunday, or a holiday in the District of Columbia, such due date shall be deemed to be the immediately preceding day which is not a Saturday, Sunday, or such a holiday."

Study by Secretary of the Treasury; Report to Congress

Study respecting portion of taxes imposed by this section is attributable to fuel used in recreational motorboats and report to Congress no later than 2 years after Oct. 14, 1980, see Pub. L. 96–451, title II, §204, Oct. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 1988, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Expedition of Certain Ethanol Production Applications

Section 221(d) of Pub. L. 95–618 directed Secretary of the Treasury to expedite applications submitted by persons with respect to the production of ethanol for use in producing gasoline and that the Secretary develop expeditious procedures for processing such applications, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–223, §232(e)(2)(E), Apr. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 280.

Cross References

Floor stocks refunds, see section 6412 of this title.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 40, 4041, 4042, 4082, 4091, 4093, 4101, 4103, 4221, 6206, 6412, 6416, 6420, 6421, 6427, 9502, 9503, 9508 of this title; title 10 section 2398; title 46 section 13106.

§4082. Exemptions for diesel fuel

(a) In general

The tax imposed by section 4081 shall not apply to diesel fuel—

(1) which the Secretary determines is destined for a nontaxable use,

(2) which is indelibly dyed in accordance with regulations which the Secretary shall prescribe, and

(3) which meets such marking requirements (if any) as may be prescribed by the Secretary in regulations.

Such regulations shall allow an individual choice of dye color approved by the Secretary or chosen from any list of approved dye colors that the Secretary may publish.

(b) Nontaxable use

For purposes of this section, the term "nontaxable use" means—

(1) any use which is exempt from the tax imposed by section 4041(a)(1) other than by reason of a prior imposition of tax,

(2) any use in a train, and

(3) any use described in section 6427(b)(1) (after the application of section 6427(b)(3)).

(c) Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section, including regulations requiring the conspicuous labeling of retail diesel fuel pumps and other delivery facilities to assure that persons are aware of which fuel is available only for nontaxable uses.

(d) Cross reference

For tax on train and certain bus uses of fuel purchased tax-free, see section 4041(a)(1).

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 483; Sept. 21, 1959, Pub. L. 86–342, title II, §201(e)(1), (2), 73 Stat. 615; June 21, 1965, Pub. L. 89–44, title VIII, §802(a)(1), (b)(1), 79 Stat. 159; May 21, 1970, Pub. L. 91–258, title II, §205(c)(6), 84 Stat. 242; July 18, 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §§733(a), 734(c)(1), 98 Stat. 977, 979; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, title XVII, §1703(a), 100 Stat. 2775; Aug. 10, 1993, Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13242(a), 107 Stat. 517.)

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–66 amended heading and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(a) Gasoline.—For purposes of this subpart, the term 'gasoline' includes, to the extent prescribed in regulations—

"(1) gasoline blend stocks, and

"(2) products commonly used as additives in gasoline.

For purposes of paragraph (1), the term 'gasoline blend stocks' means any petroleum product component of gasoline.

"(b) Certain Uses Defined as Removal.—If a refiner, importer, terminal operator, blender, or compounder uses (other than in the production of gasoline or special fuels referred to in section 4041) gasoline refined, imported, blended, or compounded by him, such use shall for the purposes of this chapter be considered a removal."

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–514 amended subsec. (a) generally, substituting definitions of "gasoline" and "gasoline blended stocks" for definition of "producer".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–514 amended subsec. (b) generally, substituting provisions that certain use of gasoline be considered removal for provisions defining "gasoline".

Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 99–514, in amending section generally, struck out subsecs. (c) to (e) which defined "sales", "wholesale distributor", and "producer", respectively.

1984—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–369, §733(a), in amending subsec. (d) generally, redesignated existing provisions of par. (1) as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B), and in par. (2) inserted "but only if such person" before "elects".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98–369, §734(c)(1), added subpar. (e).

1970—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–258 substituted "special fuels referred to in section 4041" for "special motor fuels referred to in section 4041(b)".

1965—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–44, §802(a)(1), substituted "gasoline which are suitable for use as a motor fuel" for "gasoline (including casinghead and natural gasoline".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 89–44, §802(b)(1), struck out "and give a bond" after "elects to register".

1959—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–342, §201(e)(1), inserted reference to wholesale distributor.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 86–342, §201(e)(2), added subsec. (d).

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 effective Jan. 1, 1994, see section 13242(e) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to gasoline removed (as defined in section 4082 of this title as amended by section 1703 of Pub. L. 99–514) after Dec. 31, 1987, see section 1703(h) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 4081 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Section 733(b) of Pub. L. 98–369 provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first calendar quarter beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984]."

Section 734(c)(3) of Pub. L. 98–369 provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 6427 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first calendar quarter beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984]."

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–258 effective July 1, 1970, see section 211(a) of Pub. L. 91–258, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Section 802(d)(1) of Pub. L. 89–44 provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a)(1), (b), and (c) [amending this section and sections 4101, 4222, 7103, and 7232 of this title] shall apply with respect to articles sold on or after July 1, 1965."

Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

Section 201(e)(3) of Pub. L. 86–342 provided that: "The amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1960."

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 6714, 7851 of this title.

§4083. Definitions; special rule; administrative authority

(a) Taxable fuel

For purposes of this subpart—

(1) In general

The term "taxable fuel" means—

(A) gasoline, and

(B) diesel fuel.

(2) Gasoline

The term "gasoline" includes, to the extent prescribed in regulations—

(A) gasoline blend stocks, and

(B) products commonly used as additives in gasoline.

For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term "gasoline blend stock" means any petroleum product component of gasoline.

(3) Diesel fuel

The term "diesel fuel" means any liquid (other than gasoline) which is suitable for use as a fuel in a diesel-powered highway vehicle, a diesel-powered train, or a diesel-powered boat.

(b) Certain uses defined as removal

If any person uses taxable fuel (other than in the production of gasoline, diesel fuel, or special fuels referred to in section 4041), such use shall for the purposes of this chapter be considered a removal.

(c) Administrative authority

(1) In general

In addition to the authority otherwise granted by this title, the Secretary may in administering compliance with this subpart, section 4041, and penalties and other administrative provisions related thereto—

(A) enter any place at which taxable fuel is produced or is stored (or may be stored) for purposes of—

(i) examining the equipment used to determine the amount or composition of such fuel and the equipment used to store such fuel, and

(ii) taking and removing samples of such fuel, and

(B) detain, for the purposes referred in subparagraph (A), any container which contains or may contain any taxable fuel.

(2) Inspection sites

The Secretary may establish inspection sites for purposes of carrying out the Secretary's authority under paragraph (1)(B).

(3) Penalty for refusal of entry

The penalty provided by section 7342 shall apply to any refusal to admit entry or other refusal to permit an action by the Secretary authorized by paragraph (1), except that section 7342 shall be applied by substituting "$1,000" for "$500" for each such refusal.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 483; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), 90 Stat. 1834; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, title XVII, §1703(a), 100 Stat. 2776; Aug. 10, 1993, Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13242(a), 107 Stat. 517.)

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–66 amended heading and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(1) For provisions to relieve farmers from excise tax in the case of gasoline used on the farm for farming purposes, see section 6420.

"(2) For provisions to relieve purchasers of gasoline from excise tax in the case of gasoline used for certain nonhighway purposes, used by local transit systems, or sold for certain exempt purposes, see section 6421.

"(3) For provisions to relieve purchasers of gasoline from excise tax in the case of gasoline not used for taxable purposes, see section 6427."

1986—Pub. L. 99–514 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section 4083 "Exemption of sales to producer", read as follows: "Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary the tax imposed by section 4081 shall not apply in the case of sales of gasoline to a producer of gasoline."

1976—Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 effective Jan. 1, 1994, see section 13242(e) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to gasoline removed (as defined in section 4082 of this title as amended by section 1703 of Pub. L. 99–514) after Dec. 31, 1987, see section 1703(h) of Pub. L. 99–514 set out as a note under section 4081 of this title.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 4041, 4102, 6420, 6421, 6427 of this title.

§4084. Cross references

(1) For provisions to relieve farmers from excise tax in the case of gasoline used on the farm for farming purposes, see section 6420.

(2) For provisions to relieve purchasers of gasoline from excise tax in the case of gasoline used for certain nonhighway purposes, used by local transit systems, or sold for certain exempt purposes, see section 6421.

(3) For provisions to relieve purchasers from excise tax in the case of taxable fuel not used for taxable purposes, see section 6427.

(Added Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13242(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 518.)

Prior Provisions

A prior section 4084, added Apr. 2, 1956, ch. 160, §4(a)(1), 70 Stat. 90; amended June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title II, §208(e)(1), 70 Stat. 396, contained cross references, prior to the general amendment of this subpart by Pub. L. 99–514, §1703(a).

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1994, see section 13242(e) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as an Effective Date of 1993 Amendment note under section 4041 of this title.

Subpart B—Aviation Fuel

        

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13242(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 518, substituted "Aviation Fuel" for "Diesel Fuel and Aviation Fuel" in subpart heading, "Exemptions" for "Definitions" in item 4092, and "Definitions" for "Exemptions; special rule" in item 4093.

§4091. Imposition of tax

(a) Tax on sale

(1) In general

There is hereby imposed a tax on the sale of aviation fuel by the producer or the importer thereof or by any producer of aviation fuel.

(2) Use treated as sale

For purposes of paragraph (1), if any producer uses aviation fuel (other than for a nontaxable use as defined in section 6427(l)(2)(B)) on which no tax has been imposed under such paragraph, then such use shall be considered a sale.

(b) Rate of tax

(1) In general

The rate of the tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be 21.8 cents per gallon.

(2) Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund tax

The rate of tax specified in paragraph (1) shall be increased by 0.1 cent per gallon. The increase in tax under this paragraph shall in this title be referred to as the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate.

(3) Termination

(A) On and after January 1, 1996, the rate of tax specified in paragraph (1) shall be 4.3 cents per gallon.

(B) The Leaking Underground Storage Tank Fund financing rate shall not apply during any period during which the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate under section 4081 does not apply.

(c) Reduced rate of tax for aviation fuel in alcohol mixture, etc.

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary—

(1) In general

The rate of tax under subsection (a) shall be reduced by 13.4 cents per gallon in the case of the sale of any mixture of aviation fuel if—

(A) at least 10 percent of such mixture consists of alcohol (as defined in section 4081(c)(3)), and

(B) the aviation fuel in such mixture was not taxed under paragraph (2).

In the case of such a mixture none of the alcohol in which is ethanol, the preceding sentence shall be applied by substituting "14 cents" for "13.4 cents".

(2) Tax prior to mixing

In the case of the sale of aviation fuel for use (at the time of such sale) in producing a mixture described in paragraph (1), the rate of tax under subsection (a) shall be 10/9 of the rate which would (but for this paragraph) have been applicable to such mixture had such mixture been created prior to such sale.

(3) Later separation

If any person separates the aviation fuel from a mixture of the aviation fuel and alcohol on which tax was imposed under subsection (a) at a rate determined under paragraph (1) or (2) (or with respect to which a credit or payment was allowed or made by reason of section 6427(f)(1)), such person shall be treated as the producer of such aviation fuel. The amount of tax imposed on any sale of such aviation fuel by such person shall be reduced by the amount of tax imposed (and not credited or refunded) on any prior sale of such fuel.

(4) Limitation

In no event shall any rate determined under paragraph (1) be less than 4.3 cents per gallon.

(5) Termination

Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply to any sale after September 30, 2000.

(Added Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10502(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–438; amended Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10502(g), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–446; Pub. L. 100–647, title II, §2001(d)(6)(A)–(C), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3596; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §§11211(b)(1), (2), (6)(A), (B), (c)(4), (e)(4), 11213(b)(1), (2)(C), (D), (d)(2)(A), 11704(a)(38), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–424 to 1388-427, 1388-432, 1388-433, 1388-435, 1388-520; Pub. L. Pub. L. 102–240, title VIII, §8002(a)(4), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2203; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §§13241(b)(1), (2)(B)(i), (ii), 13242(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 510, 518.)

Prior Provisions

A prior section 4091, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 483; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 793, §1(a), 69 Stat. 676; June 21, 1965, Pub. L. 89–44, title II, §202(a), 79 Stat. 137, imposed a tax of 6 cents a gallon on lubricating oil (other than cutting oils) sold in the United States by the manufacturer or producer to be paid by the manufacturer or producer, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §515(a), (c), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2181, applicable with respect to articles sold after Jan. 6, 1983.

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–66, §13242(a), amended section generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (c) relating to tax on aviation fuel for former subsecs. (a) to (e) relating to tax on taxable fuels including aviation and diesel fuel.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 103–66, §13241(b)(2)(B)(i), inserted "and the aviation fuel deficit reduction rate" after "financing rate".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–66, §13241(b)(1), substituted "6.8 cents" for "2.5 cents".

Subsec. (b)(6), (7). Pub. L. 103–66, §13241(b)(2)(B)(ii), redesignated par. (6) as (7) and added a new par. (6), reading as follows: "Aviation fuel deficit reduction rate.—For purposes of paragraph (1), the aviation fuel deficit reduction rate is 4.3 cents per gallon."

1991—Subsec. (b)(6)(A). Pub. L. 102–240 substituted "1999" for "1995".

1990—Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(b)(1)(A), inserted "and the diesel fuel deficit reduction rate" after "financing rate".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(b)(2), substituted "17.5 cents" for "15 cents".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 101–508, §11213(b)(1), substituted "17.5 cents" for "14 cents" and inserted "except as provided in subsection (d)," after "paragraph (1),".

Subsec. (b)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(b)(1)(B), added par. (4) and redesignated former pars. (4) and (5) as (5) and (6), respectively.

Subsec. (b)(6)(A). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(c)(4), substituted "1995" for "1993".

Subsec. (b)(6)(B). Pub. L. 101–508, §11213(d)(2)(A), substituted "January 1, 1996" for "January 1, 1991".

Subsec. (b)(6)(D). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(b)(1)(C), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(b)(6)(A), substituted "12.1 cents" for "9 cents" in subpar. (A), "13.44 cents" for "10 cents" in subpar. (B), and "and the diesel fuel deficit reduction rate shall be 10/9th of the otherwise applicable such rates" for "shall be 1/9 cent per gallon" in last sentence.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 101–508, §11704(a)(38), amended Pub. L. 100–647, §2001(d)(6)(C). See 1988 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(b)(6)(B), substituted "12.1 cents" for "9 cents".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(e)(4), substituted "2000" for "1993".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–508, §11213(b)(2)(C)(ii), substituted "Reduced rate of" for "Exemption from" in heading.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 101–508, §11213(b)(2)(C)(i), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "The Airport and Airway Trust Fund financing rate shall not apply to the sale of—

"(A) any mixture of aviation fuel at least 10 percent of which consists of alcohol (as defined in section 4081(c)(3)), or

"(B) any aviation fuel for use (at the time of such sale) in producing a mixture described in subparagraph (A)."

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 101–508, §11213(b)(2)(C)(i), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "If any person separates the aviation fuel from a mixture of the aviation fuel and alcohol on which the Airport and Airway Trust Fund financing rate did not apply by reason of this subsection (or with respect to which a credit or payment was allowed or made by reason of section 6427(f)(2)), such person shall be treated as the producer of such aviation fuel."

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(e)(4), substituted "2000" for "1993".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–508, §11213(b)(2)(D), added subsec. (e).

1988—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 100–647, §2001(d)(6)(B), inserted "except as provided in subsection (c)," after "paragraph (1),".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 100–647, §2001(d)(6)(A), inserted sentence at end providing that Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate shall be 1/9 cent per gallon in the case of a sale described in subparagraph (B).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 100–647, §2001(d)(6)(C), as amended by Pub. L. 101–508, §11704(a)(38), substituted "reduced by the amount of tax imposed (and not credited or refunded) on any prior sale of such fuel" for "5 cents per gallon".

1987—Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 100–203, §10502(g), substituted "1991" for "1988".

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by section 13241(b)(1), (2)(B)(i), (ii) of Pub. L. 103–66 effective Oct. 1, 1993, see section 13241(g) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Amendment by section 13242(a) of Pub. L. 103–66 effective Jan. 1, 1994, see section 13242(e) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by section 11211(b)(1), (2), (6)(A), (B) of Pub. L. 101–508 effective Dec. 1, 1990, see section 11211(b)(7) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Amendment by section 11213(b)(1), (2)(C), (D) of Pub. L. 101–508 effective Dec. 1, 1990, see section 11213(b)(4) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Section 2001(d)(6)(D) of Pub. L. 100–647 provided that: "The amendments made by this paragraph [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 10502 of the Revenue Act of 1987 [Pub. L. 100–203]."

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Section 10502(g) of Pub. L. 100–203 provided that: "If the Airport and Airway Safety and Capacity Expansion Act of 1987 is enacted [enacted as Pub. L. 100–223], effective on December 31, 1987, sections 4091(b)(5)(B) and 9502(b)(3) of such Code [this title] (as added by this section) are each amended by striking out 'January 1, 1988' and inserting in lieu thereof 'January 1, 1991'."

Effective Date

Subpart applicable to sales after Mar. 31, 1988, see section 10502(e) of Pub. L. 100–203, set out as an Effective Date of 1987 Amendment note under section 40 of this title.

Floor Stocks Tax

Section 13245 of Pub. L. 103–66 provided that:

"(a) Imposition of Tax.—In the case of commercial aviation fuel on which tax was imposed under section 4091 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 before October 1, 1995, and which is held on such date by any person, there is hereby imposed a floor stocks tax of 4.3 cents per gallon.

"(b) Liability for Tax and Method of Payment.—

"(1) Liability for tax.—A person holding aviation fuel on October 1, 1995, to which the tax imposed by subsection (a) applies shall be liable for such tax.

"(2) Method of payment.—The tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be paid in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe.

"(3) Time for payment.—The tax imposed by subsection (a) shall be paid on or before April 30, 1996.

"(c) Definitions.—For purposes of this subsection—

"(1) Held by a person.—Aviation fuel shall be considered as "held by a person" if title thereto has passed to such person (whether or not delivery to the person has been made).

"(2) Commercial aviation fuel.—The term 'commercial aviation fuel' means aviation fuel (as defined in section 4093 of such Code) which is held on October 1, 1995, for sale or use in commercial aviation (as defined in section 4092(b) of such Code).

"(3) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate.

"(d) Exception for Exempt Uses.—The tax imposed by subsection (a) shall not apply to aviation fuel held by any person exclusively for any use for which a credit or refund of the entire tax imposed by section 4091 of such Code is allowable for aviation fuel purchased after September 30, 1995, for such use.

"(e) Exception for Certain Amounts of Fuel.—

"(1) In general.—No tax shall be imposed by subsection (a) on aviation fuel held on October 1, 1995, by any person if the aggregate amount of commercial aviation fuel held by such person on such date does not exceed 2,000 gallons. The preceding sentence shall apply only if such person submits to the Secretary (at the time and in the manner required by the Secretary) such information as the Secretary shall require for purposes of this paragraph.

"(2) Exempt fuel.—For purposes of paragraph (1), there shall not be taken into account fuel held by any person which is exempt from the tax imposed by subsection (a) by reason of subsection (d).

"(3) Controlled groups.—For purposes of this subsection—

"(A) Corporations.—

"(i) In general.—All persons treated as a controlled group shall be treated as 1 person.

"(ii) Controlled group.—The term 'controlled group' has the meaning given to such term by subsection (a) of section 1563 of such Code; except that for such purposes the phrase 'more than 50 percent' shall be substituted for the phrase 'at least 80 percent' each place it appears in such subsection.

"(B) Nonincorporated persons under common control.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, principles similar to the principles of subparagraph (A) shall apply to a group of persons under common control where 1 or more of such persons is not a corporation.

"(f) Other law applicable.—All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable with respect to the taxes imposed by section 4091 of such Code shall, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions of this section, apply with respect to the floor stock taxes imposed by subsection (a) to the same extent as if such taxes were imposed by such section 4091."

Imposition of floor stocks taxes on gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel, see notes set out under section 4081 of this title.

Section 10502(f) of Pub. L. 100–203 imposed a floor stocks tax on any taxable fuel which on Apr. 1, 1988, was held by a taxable person, at the rate of tax which would have been imposed if such fuel had been sold on such date in a sale subject to tax under section 4091 of this title.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 40, 4041, 4092, 4093, 4101, 4103, 4221, 6206, 6416, 6427, 9502, 9508 of this title.

§4092. Exemptions

(a) Nontaxable uses

No tax shall be imposed by section 4091 on aviation fuel sold by a producer or importer for use by the purchaser in a nontaxable use (as defined in section 6427(l)(2)(B)).

(b) No exemption from certain taxes on fuel used in commercial aviation

In the case of fuel sold for use in commercial aviation (other than supplies for vessels or aircraft within the meaning of section 4221(d)(3)), subsection (a) shall not apply to so much of the tax imposed by section 4091 as is attributable to—

(1) the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate imposed by such section, and

(2) in the case of fuel sold after September 30, 1995, 4.3 cents per gallon of the rate specified in section 4091(b)(1).

For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term "commercial aviation" means any use of an aircraft other than in noncommercial aviation (as defined in section 4041(c)(4)).

(c) Sales to producer

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the tax imposed by section 4091 shall not apply to aviation fuel sold to a producer of such fuel.

(Added Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10502(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–440; amended Pub. L. 100–647, title III, §3003(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3616; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §§13163(a)(1), (3), 13242(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 453, 519.)

Prior Provisions

A prior section 4092, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 484; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 793, §1(b), 69 Stat. 676; Nov. 9, 1978, Pub. L. 95–618, title IV, §404(b), 92 Stat. 3205, provided for certain vendees to be considered as manufacturers and defined "cutting oils", prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §515(a), (c), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2181, applicable with respect to articles sold after Jan. 6, 1983.

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–66, §13242(a) amended heading and text generally. Prior to amendment, text defined "taxable fuel", "diesel fuel", "aviation fuel", "producer", and "wholesale distributor".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103–66, §13163(a)(1), substituted ", a diesel-powered train, or a diesel-powered boat" for "or a diesel-powered train".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103–66, §13163(a)(3), substituted "vessels for use in an off-highway business use (as defined in section 6421(e)(2)(B))" for "commercial and noncommercial vessels" in cl. (iii) and in last sentence.

1988—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 100–647 added cl. (iii) and sentence at end providing that a retailer shall not be treated as not described in cl. (iii) by reason of selling de minimis amounts of diesel fuel other than as supplies for commercial and noncommercial vessels.

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by section 13163(a)(1), (3) of Pub. L. 103–66 effective Jan. 1, 1994, see section 13163(d) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Amendment by section 13242(a) of Pub. L. 103–66 effective Jan. 1, 1994, see section 13242(e) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Section 3003(b) of Pub. L. 100–647 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to sales after December 31, 1988."

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in section 6427 of this title.

§4093. Definitions

(a) Aviation fuel

For purposes of this subpart, the term "aviation fuel" means any liquid (other than any product taxable under section 4081) which is suitable for use as a fuel in an aircraft.

(b) Producer

For purposes of this subpart—

(1) Certain persons treated as producers

(A) In general

The term "producer" includes any person described in subparagraph (B) and registered under section 4101 with respect to the tax imposed by section 4091.

(B) Persons described

A person is described in this subparagraph if such person is—

(i) a refiner, blender, or wholesale distributor of aviation fuel, or

(ii) a dealer selling aviation fuel exclusively to producers of aviation fuel.

(C) Reduced rate purchasers treated as producers

Any person to whom aviation fuel is sold at a reduced rate under this subpart shall be treated as the producer of such fuel.

(2) Wholesale distributor

For purposes of paragraph (1), the term "wholesale distributor" includes any person who sells aviation fuel to producers, retailers, or to users who purchase in bulk quantities and accept delivery into bulk storage tanks. Such term does not include any person who (excluding the term "wholesale distributor" from paragraph (1)) is a producer or importer.

(Added Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10502(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–440; amended Pub. L. 100–647, title II, §2004(s)(1), title III, §3001(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3609, 3613; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §§11211(b)(4)(A), 11212(b)(4), 11704(a)(20), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–425, 1388-431, 1388-519; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §§13241(f)(3), (4), 13242(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 511, 512, 520.)

Prior Provisions

A prior section 4093, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 484; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), 90 Stat. 1834; Nov. 9, 1978, Pub. L. 95–618, title IV, §404(a), 92 Stat. 3204, exempted from tax imposed by former section 4091 of this title lubricating oils sold to a manufacturer or producer of lubricating oils for resale, or for certain uses of lubricating oil in producing rerefined oil, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §515(a), (c), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2181, applicable with respect to articles sold after Jan. 6, 1983.

A prior section 4094, added Pub. L. 89–44, title II, §202(c)(1)(A), June 21, 1965, 79 Stat. 139, provided cross reference to sections 39 and 6424 of this title for provisions to relieve purchasers of lubricating oil from excise tax in the case of lubricating oil used otherwise than in a highway motor vehicle, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §515(a), (c), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2181, applicable with respect to articles sold after Jan. 6, 1983.

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–66, §13242(a), amended heading and text generally, substituting subsecs. (a) and (b) for former subsecs. (a) to (f) relating to exemptions from tax imposed under section 4091, information reporting, administrative rules, and cross references.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 103–66, §13241(f)(3), amended subpars. (A) and (B) generally to read as follows:

"(A) No exemption from certain taxes on fuel used in diesel-powered trains.—In the case of fuel sold for use in a diesel-powered train, paragraph (1) shall not apply to so much of the tax imposed by section 4091 as is attributable to the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate and the diesel fuel deficit reduction rate imposed under such section. The preceding sentence shall not apply in the case of fuel sold for exclusive use by a State or any political subdivision thereof.

"(B) No exemption from leaking underground storage tank trust fund taxes on fuel used in commercial aviation.—In the case of fuel sold for use in commercial aviation (other than supplies for vessels or aircraft within the meaning of section 4221(d)(3)), paragraph (1) also shall not apply to so much of the tax imposed by section 4091 as is attributable to the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund financing rate imposed by such section. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term 'commercial aviation' means any use of an aircraft other than in noncommercial aviation (as defined in section 4041(c)(4))."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–66, §13241(f)(4), inserted "and the aviation fuel deficit reduction rate" after "rate".

1990—Subsec. (c)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 101–508, §11211(b)(4)(A), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).

Subsec. (c)(4)(D). Pub. L. 101–508, §11704(a)(20), substituted "reduced-tax sale" for "reduced tax sale".

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 101–508, §11212(b)(4), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which read as follows: "The Secretary may require—

"(1) information reporting by each remitter of the tax imposed by section 4091, and

"(2) information reporting by, and registration of, such other persons as the Secretary deems necessary to carry out this subpart."

1988—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–647, §3001(a), substituted present heading for "Authority to exempt certain other uses" and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may provide (including the application of section 4101), the Secretary may by regulation provide that—

"(1) the Highway Trust Fund financing rate under section 4091 shall not apply to diesel fuel sold for use by any purchaser as a fuel in a diesel-powered train,

"(2) the Airport and Airway Trust Fund financing rate under section 4091 shall not apply to aviation fuel sold for use by any purchaser as a fuel in an aircraft not in noncommercial aviation (as defined in section 4041(c)(4)),

"(3) the tax imposed by section 4091 shall not apply to taxable fuel sold for use by any purchaser other than as a motor fuel, and

"(4) the tax imposed by section 4091 shall not apply to taxable fuel sold for the exclusive use of any State, any political subdivision of a State, or the District of Columbia."

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 100–647, §2004(s)(1), added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsecs. (d) and (e) as (e) and (f), respectively.

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by section 13241(f)(3), (4) of Pub. L. 103–66 effective Oct. 1, 1993, see section 13241(g) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Amendment by section 13242(a) of Pub. L. 103–66 effective Jan. 1, 1994, see section 13242(e) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by section 11211(b)(4)(A) of Pub. L. 101–508 effective Dec. 1, 1990, see section 11211(b)(7) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Amendment by section 11212(b)(4) of Pub. L. 101–508 effective Dec. 1, 1990, see section 11212(f)(2) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 4081 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by section 2004(s)(1) of Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Revenue Act of 1987, Pub. L. 100–203, title X, to which such amendment relates, see section 2004(u) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 56 of this title.

Section 3001(c) of Pub. L. 100–647 provided that:

"(1) In general.—The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 6724 and 7232 of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 1989.

"(2) Refunds with interest for pre-effective date purchases.—

"(A) In general.—In the case of fuel—

"(i) which is purchased from a producer or importer during the period beginning on April 1, 1988, and ending on December 31, 1988,

"(ii) which is used (before the claim under this subparagraph is filed) by any person in a nontaxable use (as defined in section 6427(l)(2) of the 1986 Code), and

"(iii) with respect to which a claim is not permitted to be filed for any quarter under section 6427(i) of the 1986 Code,

the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall pay (with interest) to such person the amount of tax imposed on such fuel under section 4091 of the 1986 Code (to the extent not attributable to amounts described in section 6427(l)(3) of the 1986 Code) if claim therefor is filed not later than June 30, 1989. Not more than 1 claim may be filed under the preceding sentence and such claim shall not be taken into account under section 6427(i) of the 1986 Code. Any claim for refund filed under this paragraph shall be considered a claim for refund under section 6427(l) of the 1986 Code.

"(B) Interest.—The amount of interest payable under subparagraph (A) shall be determined under section 6611 of the 1986 Code except that the date of the overpayment with respect to fuel purchased during any month shall be treated as being the 1st day of the succeeding month. No interest shall be paid under this paragraph with respect to fuel used by any agency of the United States.

"(C) Registration procedures required to be specified.—Not later than the 30th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 10, 1988], the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate shall prescribe the procedures for complying with the requirements of section 4093(c)(3) of the 1986 Code (as added by this section)."

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 6416, 6724 of this title.

Subpart C—Special Provisions Applicable to Petroleum Products

        

Amendments

1990—Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11212(e)(3), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–432, added item 4103.

1986—Pub. L. 99–514, title XVII, §1703(b)(2), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2776, substituted "Registration and bond" for "Registration" in item 4101.

1976—Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, §1202(c)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1686, substituted "Inspection of records by local officers" for "Inspection of records, returns, etc., by local officers" in item 4102.

1965—Pub. L. 89–44, title VIII, §802(b)(5), June 21, 1965, 79 Stat. 159, struck out "and bond" after "Registration" in item 4101.

§4101. Registration and bond

(a) Registration

Every person required by the Secretary to register under this section with respect to the tax imposed by section 4041(a)(1), 4081, or 4091 shall register with the Secretary at such time, in such form and manner, and subject to such terms and conditions, as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe. A registration under this section may be used only in accordance with regulations prescribed under this section.

(b) Bonds and liens

(1) In general

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the Secretary may require, as a condition of permitting any person to be registered under subsection (a), that such person—

(A) give a bond in such sum as the Secretary determines appropriate, and

(B) agree to the imposition of a lien—

(i) on such property (or rights to property) of such person used in the trade or business for which the registration is sought, or

(ii) with the consent of such person, on any other property (or rights to property) of such person as the Secretary determines appropriate.

Rules similar to the rules of section 6323 shall apply to the lien imposed pursuant to this paragraph.

(2) Release or discharge of lien

If a lien is imposed pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary shall issue a certificate of discharge or a release of such lien in connection with a transfer of the property if there is furnished to the Secretary (and accepted by him) a bond in such sum as the Secretary determines appropriate or the transferor agrees to the imposition of a substitute lien under paragraph (1)(B) in such sum as the Secretary determines appropriate. The Secretary shall respond to any request to discharge or release a lien imposed pursuant to paragraph (1) in connection with a transfer of property not later than 90 days after the date the request for such a discharge or release is made.

(c) Denial, revocation, or suspension of registration

Rules similar to the rules of section 4222(c) shall apply to registration under this section.

(d) Information reporting

The Secretary may require—

(1) information reporting by any person registered under this section, and

(2) information reporting by such other persons as the Secretary deems necessary to carry out this part.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 484; June 21, 1965, Pub. L. 89–44, title VIII, §802(b)(2), 79 Stat. 159; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), 90 Stat. 1834; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §515(b)(8), 96 Stat. 2182; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, title XVII, §1703(b)(1), 100 Stat. 2776; Dec. 22, 1987, Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10502(d)(3), 101 Stat. 1330–444; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11212(b)(1), 104 Stat. 1388–430; Aug. 10, 1993, Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13242(d)(1), 107 Stat. 522.)

Amendments

1993—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–66 substituted "4041(a)(1), 4081," for "4081".

1990—Pub. L. 101–508 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows:

"(a) Registration.—Every person subject to tax under section 4081 or 4091 shall, before incurring any liability for tax under such section, register with the Secretary.

"(b) Bond.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, every person who registers under subsection (a) may be required to give a bond in such sum as the Secretary determines."

1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–203 inserted "or 4091" after "section 4081".

1986—Pub. L. 99–514 amended section generally, substituting "Registration and bond" for "Registration" in section catchline, designating existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserting subsec. (a) heading, and adding subsec. (b).

1983—Pub. L. 97–424 struck out "or section 4091" after "4081".

1976—Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

1965—Pub. L. 89–44 struck out all references to a bond to be given and its terms and requirements.

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 effective Jan. 1, 1994, see section 13242(e) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 effective Dec. 1, 1990, see section 11212(f)(2) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 4081 of this title.

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–203 applicable to sales after Mar. 31, 1988, see section 10502(e) of Pub. L. 100–203, set out as a note under section 40 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to gasoline removed (as defined in section 4082 of this title as amended by section 1703 of Pub. L. 99–514) after Dec. 31, 1987, see section 1703(h) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 4081 of this title.

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–424 applicable to articles sold after Jan. 6, 1983, see section 515(c) of Pub. L. 97–424, set out as a note under section 34 of this title.

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–44 applicable with respect to articles sold on or after July 1, 1965, see section 802(d)(1) of Pub. L. 89–44, set out as a note under section 4082 of this title.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 4081, 4093, 4222, 6427, 6724, 7012, 7232, 7272 of this title.

§4102. Inspection of records by local officers

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, records required to be kept with respect to taxes under this part shall be open to inspection by such officers of a State, or a political subdivision of any such State, as shall be charged with the enforcement or collection of any tax on any taxable fuel (as defined in section 4083).

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 484; Oct. 4, 1976, Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, §1202(c)(1), 90 Stat. 1686; Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §515(b)(9), 96 Stat. 2182; Aug. 10, 1993, Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13242(d)(2), 107 Stat. 522.)

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 4111 to 4113, 4121, and 4131 of this title constituted a former subchapter B of this chapter, see Prior Provisions note set out preceding section 4121 of this title.

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–66 substituted "any taxable fuel (as defined in section 4083)" for "gasoline".

1983—Pub. L. 97–424 struck out "or lubricating oils" after "gasoline".

1976—Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "returns, etc." after "Inspection of records", "or his delegate" after "Secretary", "and returns, reports, and statements with respect to such taxes filed with the Secretary or his delegate" after "under this part", substituted "or a political subdivision of any such State" for "or, Territory or political subdivision thereof or the District of Columbia" after "of any State", and struck out provision relating to availability and fee for certified copies of statements, returns, or reports filed in Secretary's office.

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 effective Jan. 1, 1994, see section 13242(e) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–424 applicable to articles sold after Jan. 6, 1983, see section 515(c) of Pub. L. 97–424, set out as a note under section 34 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–455 effective Jan. 1, 1977, see section 1202(i) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 6103 of this title.

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in section 6116 of this title.

§4103. Certain additional persons liable for tax where willful failure to pay

In any case in which there is a willful failure to pay the tax imposed by section 4041(a)(1), 4081, or 4091, each person—

(1) who is an officer, employee, or agent of the taxpayer who is under a duty to assure the payment of such tax and who willfully fails to perform such duty, or

(2) who willfully causes the taxpayer to fail to pay such tax,

shall be jointly and severally liable with the taxpayer for the tax to which such failure relates.

(Added Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11212(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–431; amended Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13242(d)(1), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 522.)

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–66 substituted "4041(a)(1), 4081," for "4081".

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 effective Jan. 1, 1994, see section 13242(e) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 4041 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 1, 1990, see section 11212(f)(2) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 4081 of this title.