§281. Organization of National Institutes of Health

(a) Agency of Public Health Service

The National Institutes of Health is an agency of the Service.

(b) Agencies within

(1) The following national research institutes are agencies of the National Institutes of Health:

(A) The National Cancer Institute.

(B) The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

(C) The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

(D) The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.

(E) The National Institute on Aging.

(F) The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

(G) The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

(H) The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.

(I) The National Eye Institute.

(J) The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

(K) The National Institute of General Medical Sciences.

(L) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

(M) The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.

(N) The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

(O) The National Institute on Drug Abuse.

(P) The National Institute of Mental Health.

(Q) The National Institute of Nursing Research.

(R) The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering.

(2) The following entities are agencies of the National Institutes of Health:

(A) The National Library of Medicine.

(B) The National Center for Research Resources.

(C) The John E. Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences.

(D) The National Center for Human Genome Research.

(E) The Office of Dietary Supplements.

(F) The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

(G) The National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities.

(c) Establishment of additional national research institutes; reorganization or abolition of institutes

(1) The Secretary may establish in the National Institutes of Health one or more additional national research institutes to conduct and support research, training, health information, and other programs with respect to any particular disease or groups of diseases or any other aspect of human health if-

(A) the Secretary determines that an additional institute is necessary to carry out such activities; and

(B) the additional institute is not established before the expiration of 180 days after the Secretary has provided the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate written notice of the determination made under subparagraph (A) with respect to the institute.

(2) The Secretary may reorganize the functions of any national research institute and may abolish any national research institute if the Secretary determines that the institute is no longer required. A reorganization or abolition may not take effect under this paragraph before the expiration of 180 days after the Secretary has provided the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate written notice of the reorganization or abolition.

(d) "National research institute" defined

For purposes of this subchapter, the term "national research institute" means a national research institute listed in subsection (b) of this section or established under subsection (c) of this section. A reference to the National Institutes of Health includes its agencies.

(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, §401, as added Pub. L. 99–158, §2, Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 822 ; amended Pub. L. 100–553, §2(1), Oct. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 2769 ; Pub. L. 100–607, title I, §101(1), Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3048 ; Pub. L. 100–690, title II, §2613(b)(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4238 ; Pub. L. 102–321, title I, §121(a), July 10, 1992, 106 Stat. 358 ; Pub. L. 103–43, title XV, §§1501(1), 1511(b)(1), 1521(1), June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 172 , 179, 180; Pub. L. 103–417, §13(b), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4335 ; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title II, §212, title VI, §601(k)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337 , 2681-359, 2681-388; Pub. L. 106–525, title I, §101(b)(1), Nov. 22, 2000, 114 Stat. 2501 ; Pub. L. 106–580, §3(e), Dec. 29, 2000, 114 Stat. 3091 .)

Amendments

2000-Subsec. (b)(1)(R). Pub. L. 106–580 added subpar. (R).

Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 106–525, §101(b)(1)(A), realigned margins.

Subsec. (b)(2)(G). Pub. L. 106–525, §101(b)(1)(B), added subpar. (G).

1998-Subsec. (b)(1)(H). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(f) [title II, §212], substituted "National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research" for "National Institute of Dental Research".

Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(f) [title VI, §601(k)], added subpar. (F).

1994-Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 103–417 added subpar. (E).

1993-Subsec. (b)(1)(Q). Pub. L. 103–43, §1511(b)(1)(A), added subpar. (Q).

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103–43, §1501(1), amended subpar. (B) generally, substituting "National Center for Research Resources" for "Division of Research Resources".

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 103–43, §§1511(b)(1)(B), 1521(1), added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: "The National Center for Nursing Research."

1992-Subsec. (b)(1)(N) to (P). Pub. L. 102–321 added subpars. (N) to (P).

1988-Subsec. (b)(1)(J), (M). Pub. L. 100–553 and Pub. L. 100–607 made identical amendments, striking out "and Communicative" after "Neurological" in subpar. (J), and adding subpar. (M). Pub. L. 100–690 amended subsec. (b)(1) to read as if the amendments by Pub. L. 100–607 had not been enacted.

Change of Name

Committee on Energy and Commerce of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Commerce of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Commerce of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Energy and Commerce of House of Representatives, and jurisdiction over matters relating to securities and exchanges and insurance generally transferred to Committee on Financial Services of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Jan. 3, 2001.

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–525, title VI, §603, Nov. 22, 2000, 114 Stat. 2511 , provided that: "This Act [enacting subpart 6 (§287c–31 et seq.) of part E of this subchapter and sections 293e, 296e–1, and 299a–1 of this title, amending sections 281, 296f, 299a, 299c–6, and 300u–6 of this title, repealing section 283b of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 201, 287c–31, 293e, and 3501 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act take effect October 1, 2000, or upon the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 22, 2000], whichever occurs later."

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–321 effective Oct. 1, 1992, with provision for programs providing financial assistance, see section 801(c), (d) of Pub. L. 102–321, set out as a note under section 236 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 100–690, see section 2613(b)(1) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as an Effect of Enactment of Similar Provisions note under section 285m of this title.

Report on Medical Uses of Biological Agents in Development of Defenses Against Biological Warfare

Section 1904 of Pub. L. 103–43 directed Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with Secretary of Defense and with heads of other appropriate executive agencies, to report to Congress, not later than 12 months after June 10, 1993, on the appropriateness and impact of the National Institutes of Health assuming responsibility for the conduct of all Federal research, development, testing, and evaluation functions relating to medical countermeasures against biowarfare threat agents.

Research on Lupus Erythematosus

Section 5 of Pub. L. 99–158, as amended by Pub. L. 102–531, title III, §312(f), Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3506 , directed Secretary of Health and Human Resources to establish a Lupus Erythematosus Coordinating Committee to plan, develop, coordinate, and implement comprehensive Federal initiatives in research on Lupus Erythematosus, provided for composition of committee and meetings, and directed Committee to prepare a report for Congress on its activities, to be submitted not later than 18 months after Nov. 20, 1985, with Committee to terminate one month after the report was submitted.

Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities

Section 9 of Pub. L. 99–158 directed Director of the National Institutes of Health, not later than 90 days after Nov. 20, 1985, to establish an Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities to review and assess Federal research priorities, activities, and findings regarding learning disabilities (including central nervous system dysfunction in children), provided for composition of the Committee, directed Committee to report to Congress on its activities not later than 18 months after Nov. 20, 1985, and provided that the Committee terminate 90 days after submission of the report.