SUBCHAPTER II—LIBRARY SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGY

Subchapter Referred to in Other Sections

This subchapter is referred to in title 47 section 254.

§9121. Purpose

It is the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) to consolidate Federal library service programs;

(2) to stimulate excellence and promote access to learning and information resources in all types of libraries for individuals of all ages;

(3) to promote library services that provide all users access to information through State, regional, national and international electronic networks;

(4) to provide linkages among and between libraries; and

(5) to promote targeted library services to people of diverse geographic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds, to individuals with disabilities, and to people with limited functional literacy or information skills.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §212, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009-295.)

§9122. Definitions

As used in this subchapter:

(1) Indian tribe

The term "Indian tribe" means any tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community, including any Alaska native village, regional corporation, or village corporation, as defined in or established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), which is recognized by the Secretary of the Interior as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians.

(2) Library

The term "library" includes—

(A) a public library;

(B) a public elementary school or secondary school library;

(C) an academic library;

(D) a research library, which for the purposes of this subchapter means a library that—

(i) makes publicly available library services and materials suitable for scholarly research and not otherwise available to the public; and

(ii) is not an integral part of an institution of higher education; and

(E) a private library or other special library, but only if the State in which such private or special library is located determines that the library should be considered a library for purposes of this subchapter.

(3) Library consortium

The term "library consortium" means any local, statewide, regional, interstate, or international cooperative association of library entities which provides for the systematic and effective coordination of the resources of school, public, academic, and special libraries and information centers, for improved services for the clientele of such library entities.

(4) State

The term "State", unless otherwise specified, includes each of the 50 States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau.

(5) State library administrative agency

The term "State library administrative agency" means the official agency of a State charged by the law of the State with the extension and development of public library services throughout the State.

(6) State plan

The term "State plan" means the document which gives assurances that the officially designated State library administrative agency has the fiscal and legal authority and capability to administer all aspects of this subchapter, provides assurances for establishing the State's policies, priorities, criteria, and procedures necessary to the implementation of all programs under this subchapter, submits copies for approval as required by regulations promulgated by the Director, identifies a State's library needs, and sets forth the activities to be taken toward meeting the identified needs supported with the assistance of Federal funds made available under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §213, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009-296; amended Pub. L. 105–128, §3, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2548.)

References in Text

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, referred to in par. (1), is Pub. L. 92–203, Dec. 18, 1971, 85 Stat. 688, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1601 et seq.) of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 43 and Tables.

Amendments

1997—Par. (2)(E). Pub. L. 105–128 inserted "or other special library" after "a private library" and "or special" after "such private".

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 6813, 9134 of this title.

§9123. Authorization of appropriations

(a) Authorization of appropriations

(1) In general

There are authorized to be appropriated $150,000,000 for fiscal year 1997 and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1998 through 2002 to carry out this subchapter.

(2) Transfer

The Secretary of Education shall—

(A) transfer promptly to the Director any funds appropriated under the authority of paragraph (1), to enable the Director to carry out this subchapter; and

(B) not exercise any authority concerning the administration of this chapter other than the transfer described in subparagraph (A).

(b) Forward funding

(1) In general

To the end of affording the responsible Federal, State, and local officers adequate notice of available Federal financial assistance for carrying out ongoing library activities and projects, appropriations for grants, contracts, or other payments under any program under this subchapter are authorized to be included in the appropriations Act for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which such activities and projects shall be carried out.

(2) Additional authorization of appropriations

In order to effect a transition to the timing of appropriation action authorized by subsection (a) of this section, the application of this section may result in the enactment, in a fiscal year, of separate appropriations for a program under this subchapter (whether in the same appropriations Act or otherwise) for two consecutive fiscal years.

(c) Administration

Not more than 3 percent of the funds appropriated under this section for a fiscal year may be used to pay for the Federal administrative costs of carrying out this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §214, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009-296.)

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 9131, 9133, 9141 of this title.

Part 1—Basic Program Requirements

§9131. Reservations and allotments

(a) Reservations

(1) In general

From the amount appropriated under the authority of section 9123 of this title for any fiscal year, the Director—

(A) shall reserve 1.75 percent to award grants in accordance with section 9161 of this title; and

(B) shall reserve 3.75 percent to award national leadership grants or contracts in accordance with section 9162 of this title.

(2) Special rule

If the funds reserved pursuant to paragraph (1)(B) for a fiscal year have not been obligated by the end of such fiscal year, then such funds shall be allotted in accordance with subsection (b) of this section for the fiscal year succeeding the fiscal year for which the funds were so reserved.

(b) Allotments

(1) In general

From the sums appropriated under the authority of section 9123 of this title and not reserved under subsection (a) of this section for any fiscal year, the Director shall award grants from minimum allotments, as determined under paragraph (3), to each State. Any sums remaining after minimum allotments are made for such year shall be allotted in the manner set forth in paragraph (2).

(2) Remainder

From the remainder of any sums appropriated under the authority of section 9123 of this title that are not reserved under subsection (a) of this section and not allotted under paragraph (1) for any fiscal year, the Director shall award grants to each State in an amount that bears the same relation to such remainder as the population of the State bears to the population of all States.

(3) Minimum allotment

(A) In general

For the purposes of this subsection, the minimum allotment for each State shall be $340,000, except that the minimum allotment shall be $40,000 in the case of the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau.

(B) Ratable reductions

If the sum appropriated under the authority of section 9123 of this title and not reserved under subsection (a) of this section for any fiscal year is insufficient to fully satisfy the aggregate of the minimum allotments for all States for that purpose for such year, each of such minimum allotments shall be reduced ratably.

(C) Special rule

(i) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection and using funds allotted for the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau under this subsection, the Director shall award grants to Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, or the Republic of Palau to carry out activities described in this subchapter in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter that the Director determines are not inconsistent with this subparagraph.

(ii) Award basis

The Director shall award grants pursuant to clause (i) on a competitive basis and pursuant to recommendations from the Pacific Region Educational Laboratory in Honolulu, Hawaii.

(iii) Termination of eligibility

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau shall not receive any funds under this subchapter for any fiscal year that begins after September 30, 2001.

(iv) Administrative costs

The Director may provide not more than 5 percent of the funds made available for grants under this subparagraph to pay the administrative costs of the Pacific Region Educational Laboratory regarding activities assisted under this subparagraph.

(4) Data

The population of each State and of all the States shall be determined by the Director on the basis of the most recent data available from the Bureau of the Census.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §221, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009-297; amended Pub. L. 105–128, §4, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2548.)

Amendments

1997—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–128, §4(1), substituted "1.75 percent" for "1½ percent".

Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–128, §4(2), substituted "3.75 percent" for "4 percent".

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 9161, 9162 of this title.

§9132. Administration

(a) In general

Not more than 4 percent of the total amount of funds received under this subchapter for any fiscal year by a State may be used for administrative costs.

(b) Construction

Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit spending for evaluation costs under section 9134(c) of this title from sources other than this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §222, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009-298.)

§9133. Payments; Federal share; and maintenance of effort requirements

(a) Payments

Subject to appropriations provided pursuant to section 9123 of this title, the Director shall pay to each State library administrative agency having a State plan approved under section 9134 of this title the Federal share of the cost of the activities described in the State plan.

(b) Federal share

(1) In general

The Federal share shall be 66 percent.

(2) Non-Federal share

The non-Federal share of payments shall be provided from non-Federal, State, or local sources.

(c) Maintenance of effort

(1) State expenditures

(A) Requirement

(i) In general

The amount otherwise payable to a State for a fiscal year pursuant to an allotment under this part shall be reduced if the level of State expenditures, as described in paragraph (2), for the previous fiscal year is less than the average of the total of such expenditures for the 3 fiscal years preceding that previous fiscal year. The amount of the reduction in the allotment for any fiscal year shall be equal to the allotment multiplied by a fraction—

(I) the numerator of which is the result obtained by subtracting the level of such State expenditures for the fiscal year for which the determination is made, from the average of the total level of such State expenditures for the 3 fiscal years preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made; and

(II) the denominator of which is the average of the total level of such State expenditures for the 3 fiscal years preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made.

(ii) Calculation

Any decrease in State expenditures resulting from the application of subparagraph (B) shall be excluded from the calculation of the average level of State expenditures for any 3-year period described in clause (i).

(B) Decrease in Federal support

If the amount made available under this subchapter for a fiscal year is less than the amount made available under this subchapter for the preceding fiscal year, then the expenditures required by subparagraph (A) for such preceding fiscal year shall be decreased by the same percentage as the percentage decrease in the amount so made available.

(2) Level of State expenditures

The level of State expenditures for the purposes of paragraph (1) shall include all State dollars expended by the State library administrative agency for library programs that are consistent with the purposes of this subchapter. All funds included in the maintenance of effort calculation under this subsection shall be expended during the fiscal year for which the determination is made, and shall not include capital expenditures, special one-time project costs, or similar windfalls.

(3) Waiver

The Director may waive the requirements of paragraph (1) if the Director determines that such a waiver would be equitable due to exceptional or uncontrollable circumstances such as a natural disaster or a precipitous and unforeseen decline in the financial resources of the State.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §223, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009-299; amended Pub. L. 105–128, §5, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2549.)

Amendments

1997—Subsec. (c)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 105–128 amended second sentence generally. Prior to amendment, second sentence read as follows: "The amount of the reduction in allotment for any fiscal year shall be equal to the amount by which the level of such State expenditures for the fiscal year for which the determination is made is less than the average of the total of such expenditures for the 3 fiscal years preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made."

§9134. State plans

(a) State plan required

(1) In general

In order to be eligible to receive a grant under this subchapter, a State library administrative agency shall submit a State plan to the Director not later than April 1, 1997.

(2) Duration

The State plan shall cover a period of 5 fiscal years.

(3) Revisions

If a State library administrative agency makes a substantive revision to its State plan, then the State library administrative agency shall submit to the Director an amendment to the State plan containing such revision not later than April 1 of the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the amendment will be effective.

(b) Contents

The State plan shall—

(1) establish goals, and specify priorities, for the State consistent with the purposes of this subchapter;

(2) describe activities that are consistent with the goals and priorities established under paragraph (1), the purposes of this subchapter, and section 9141 of this title, that the State library administrative agency will carry out during such year using such grant;

(3) describe the procedures that such agency will use to carry out the activities described in paragraph (2);

(4) describe the methodology that such agency will use to evaluate the success of the activities established under paragraph (2) in achieving the goals and meeting the priorities described in paragraph (1);

(5) describe the procedures that such agency will use to involve libraries and library users throughout the State in policy decisions regarding implementation of this subchapter; and ¹

(6) provide assurances that the State will comply with subsection (f) of this section; and

(7) provide assurances satisfactory to the Director that such agency will make such reports, in such form and containing such information, as the Director may reasonably require to carry out this subchapter and to determine the extent to which funds provided under this subchapter have been effective in carrying out the purposes of this subchapter.

(c) Evaluation and report

Each State library administrative agency receiving a grant under this subchapter shall independently evaluate, and report to the Director regarding, the activities assisted under this subchapter, prior to the end of the 5-year plan.

(d) Information

Each library receiving assistance under this subchapter shall submit to the State library administrative agency such information as such agency may require to meet the requirements of subsection (c) of this section.

(e) Approval

(1) In general

The Director shall approve any State plan under this subchapter that meets the requirements of this subchapter and provides satisfactory assurances that the provisions of such plan will be carried out.

(2) Public availability

Each State library administrative agency receiving a grant under this subchapter shall make the State plan available to the public.

(3) Administration

If the Director determines that the State plan does not meet the requirements of this section, the Director shall—

(A) immediately notify the State library administrative agency of such determination and the reasons for such determination;

(B) offer the State library administrative agency the opportunity to revise its State plan;

(C) provide technical assistance in order to assist the State library administrative agency in meeting the requirements of this section; and

(D) provide the State library administrative agency the opportunity for a hearing.

(f) Internet safety

(1) In general

No funds made available under this chapter for a library described in section 9122(2)(A) or (B) of this title that does not receive services at discount rates under section 254(h)(6) of title 47, may be used to purchase computers used to access the Internet, or to pay for direct costs associated with accessing the Internet, for such library unless—

(A) such library—

(i) has in place a policy of Internet safety for minors that includes the operation of a technology protection measure with respect to any of its computers with Internet access that protects against access through such computers to visual depictions that are—

(I) obscene;

(II) child pornography; or

(III) harmful to minors; and

(ii) is enforcing the operation of such technology protection measure during any use of such computers by minors; and

(B) such library—

(i) has in place a policy of Internet safety that includes the operation of a technology protection measure with respect to any of its computers with Internet access that protects against access through such computers to visual depictions that are—

(I) obscene; or

(II) child pornography; and

(ii) is enforcing the operation of such technology protection measure during any use of such computers.

(2) Access to other materials

Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit a library from limiting Internet access to or otherwise protecting against materials other than those referred to in subclauses (I), (II), and (III) of paragraph (1)(A)(i).

(3) Disabling during certain use

An administrator, supervisor, or other authority may disable a technology protection measure under paragraph (1) to enable access for bona fide research or other lawful purposes.

(4) Timing and applicability of implementation

(A) In general

A library covered by paragraph (1) shall certify the compliance of such library with the requirements of paragraph (1) as part of the application process for the next program funding year under this chapter following the effective date of this subsection, and for each subsequent program funding year thereafter.

(B) Process

(i) Libraries with Internet safety policies and technology protection measures in place

A library covered by paragraph (1) that has in place an Internet safety policy meeting the requirements of paragraph (1) shall certify its compliance with paragraph (1) during each annual program application cycle under this chapter.

(ii) Libraries without Internet safety policies and technology protection measures in place

A library covered by paragraph (1) that does not have in place an Internet safety policy meeting the requirements of paragraph (1)—

(I) for the first program year after the effective date of this subsection in which the library applies for funds under this chapter, shall certify that it is undertaking such actions, including any necessary procurement procedures, to put in place an Internet safety policy that meets such requirements; and

(II) for the second program year after the effective date of this subsection in which the library applies for funds under this chapter, shall certify that such library is in compliance with such requirements.

 Any library covered by paragraph (1) that is unable to certify compliance with such requirements in such second program year shall be ineligible for all funding under this chapter for such second program year and all subsequent program years until such time as such library comes into compliance with such requirements.

(iii) Waivers

Any library subject to a certification under clause (ii)(II) that cannot make the certification otherwise required by that clause may seek a waiver of that clause if State or local procurement rules or regulations or competitive bidding requirements prevent the making of the certification otherwise required by that clause. The library shall notify the Director of the Institute of Museum and Library Services of the applicability of that clause to the library. Such notice shall certify that the library will comply with the requirements in paragraph (1) before the start of the third program year after the effective date of this subsection for which the library is applying for funds under this chapter.

(5) Noncompliance

(A) Use of General Education Provisions Act remedies

Whenever the Director of the Institute of Museum and Library Services has reason to believe that any recipient of funds this ² chapter is failing to comply substantially with the requirements of this subsection, the Director may—

(i) withhold further payments to the recipient under this chapter,

(ii) issue a complaint to compel compliance of the recipient through a cease and desist order, or

(iii) enter into a compliance agreement with a recipient to bring it into compliance with such requirements.

(B) Recovery of funds prohibited

The actions authorized by subparagraph (A) are the exclusive remedies available with respect to the failure of a library to comply substantially with a provision of this subsection, and the Director shall not seek a recovery of funds from the recipient for such failure.

(C) Recommencement of payments

Whenever the Director determines (whether by certification or other appropriate evidence) that a recipient of funds who is subject to the withholding of payments under subparagraph (A)(i) has cured the failure providing the basis for the withholding of payments, the Director shall cease the withholding of payments to the recipient under that subparagraph.

(6) Separability

If any provision of this subsection is held invalid, the remainder of this subsection shall not be affected thereby.

(7) Definitions

In this section:

(A) Child pornography

The term "child pornography" has the meaning given such term in section 2256 of title 18.

(B) Harmful to minors

The term "harmful to minors" means any picture, image, graphic image file, or other visual depiction that—

(i) taken as a whole and with respect to minors, appeals to a prurient interest in nudity, sex, or excretion;

(ii) depicts, describes, or represents, in a patently offensive way with respect to what is suitable for minors, an actual or simulated sexual act or sexual contact, actual or simulated normal or perverted sexual acts, or a lewd exhibition of the genitals; and

(iii) taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value as to minors.

(C) Minor

The term "minor" means an individual who has not attained the age of 17.

(D) Obscene

The term "obscene" has the meaning given such term in section 1460 of title 18.

(E) Sexual act; sexual contact

The terms "sexual act" and "sexual contact" have the meanings given such terms in section 2246 of title 18.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §224, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009-300; amended Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title XVII, §1712(a)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-340.)

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), (4), (5)(A), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this title", meaning title II of Pub. L. 94–462, known as the Museum and Library Services Act, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

For the effective date of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (f)(4), as 120 days after Dec. 21, 2000, see §1(a)(4) [div. B, title XVII, §1712(b)] of Pub. L. 106–554, set out as an Effective Date of 2000 Amendment note below.

The General Education Provisions Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(5)(A), is title IV of Pub. L. 90–247, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 814, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 31 (§1221 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1221 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2000—Subsec. (b)(6), (7). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title XVII, §1712(a)(1)], added par. (6) and redesignated former par. (6) as (7).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title XVII, §1712(a)(2)], added subsec. (f).

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title XVII, §1712(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-343, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2000]."

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 9132, 9133 of this title.

¹ So in original. The word "and" probably should not appear.

² So in original. Probably should be preceded by "under".

Part 2—Library Programs

§9141. Grants to States

(a) In general

Of the funds provided to a State library administrative agency under section 9123 of this title, such agency shall expend, either directly or through subgrants or cooperative agreements, at least 96 percent of such funds for—

(1)(A) establishing or enhancing electronic linkages among or between libraries;

(B) electronically linking libraries with educational, social, or information services;

(C) assisting libraries in accessing information through electronic networks;

(D) encouraging libraries in different areas, and encouraging different types of libraries, to establish consortia and share resources; or

(E) paying costs for libraries to acquire or share computer systems and telecommunications technologies; and

(2) targeting library and information services to persons having difficulty using a library and to underserved urban and rural communities, including children (from birth through age 17) from families with incomes below the poverty line (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget and revised annually in accordance with section 9902(2) of title 42) applicable to a family of the size involved.

(b) Special rule

Each State library administrative agency receiving funds under this part may apportion the funds available for the purposes described in subsection (a) of this section between the two purposes described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of such subsection, as appropriate, to meet the needs of the individual State.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §231, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009-301.)

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 9134, 9161 of this title.

Part 3—Administrative Provisions

subpart a—state requirements

§9151. State advisory councils

Each State desiring assistance under this subchapter may establish a State advisory council which is broadly representative of the library entities in the State, including public, school, academic, special, and institutional libraries, and libraries serving individuals with disabilities.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §251, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009-301.)

subpart b—federal requirements

§9161. Services for Native Americans

From amounts reserved under section 9131(a)(1)(A) of this title for any fiscal year the Director shall award grants to Indian tribes and to organizations that primarily serve and represent Native Hawaiians (as the term is defined in section 7912 of this title) to enable such tribes and organizations to carry out the activities described in section 9141 of this title.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §261, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009-302; amended Pub. L. 105–128, §6, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2549.)

Amendments

1997—Pub. L. 105–128 substituted "Native Americans" for "Indian tribes" in section catchline and in text substituted "to Indian tribes and to organizations that primarily serve and represent Native Hawaiians (as the term is defined in section 7912 of this title) to enable such tribes and organizations" for "to organizations primarily serving and representing Indian tribes to enable such organizations".

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in section 9131 of this title.

§9162. National leadership grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements

(a) In general

From the amounts reserved under section 9131(a)(1)(B) of this title for any fiscal year the Director shall establish and carry out a program of awarding grants or entering into contracts or cooperative agreements to enhance the quality of library services nationwide and to provide coordination between libraries and museums. Such grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements shall be used for activities that may include—

(1) education and training of persons in library and information science, particularly in areas of new technology and other critical needs, including graduate fellowships, traineeships, institutes, or other programs;

(2) research and demonstration projects related to the improvement of libraries, education in library and information science, enhancement of library services through effective and efficient use of new technologies, and dissemination of information derived from such projects;

(3) preserving or digitization of library materials and resources, giving priority to projects emphasizing coordination, avoidance of duplication, and access by researchers beyond the institution or library entity undertaking the project; and

(4) model programs demonstrating cooperative efforts between libraries and museums.

(b) Grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements

(1) In general

The Director may carry out the activities described in subsection (a) of this section by awarding grants to, or entering into contracts or cooperative agreements,¹ with, libraries, agencies, institutions of higher education, or museums, where appropriate.

(2) Competitive basis

Grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements under this section shall be awarded on a competitive basis.

(c) Special rule

The Director shall make every effort to ensure that activities assisted under this section are administered by appropriate library and museum professionals or experts.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §262, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009-302; amended Pub. L. 105–128, §§7, 8, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2549, 2550.)

Amendments

1997—Pub. L. 105–128, §7(1), substituted section catchline for former catchline which read as follows: "National leadership grants or contracts".

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–128, §7(2), in introductory provisions, substituted "program of awarding grants or entering into contracts or cooperative agreements" for "program awarding national leadership grants or contracts" and "Such grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements" for "Such grants or contracts".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–128, §8, substituted "preserving or digitization" for "preservation of digitization".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–128, §7(3)(A), substituted heading for former heading which read as follows: "Grants or contracts".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–128, §7(3)(B), inserted "or cooperative agreements," after "contracts".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–128, §7(3)(C), substituted "Grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements" for "Grants and contracts".

Section Referred to in Other Sections

This section is referred to in sections 1504, 9131, 9175 of this title.

¹ So in original. The comma probably should not appear.

§9163. State and local initiatives

Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to interfere with State and local initiatives and responsibility in the conduct of library services. The administration of libraries, the selection of personnel and library books and materials, and insofar as consistent with the purposes of this subchapter, the determination of the best uses of the funds provided under this subchapter, shall be reserved for the States and their local subdivisions.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §263, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009-302.)