Part A—Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing Incentive Grants
§13701. Definitions
Unless otherwise provided, for purposes of this part—
(1) the term "indeterminate sentencing" means a system by which—
(A) the court may impose a sentence of a range defined by statute; and
(B) an administrative agency, generally the parole board, or the court, controls release within the statutory range;
(2) the term "part 1 violent crime" means murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault as reported to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for purposes of the Uniform Crime Reports; and
(3) the term "State" means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20101, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-15; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 13701, Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20101, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1815, related to grants for correctional facilities prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 104–134.
Short Title of 2006 Amendment
Pub. L. 109–248, title VI, §611, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 632, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§611–617) of title VI of Pub. L. 109–248, amending provisions set out as a note under section 13751 of this title] may be cited as the 'National Police Athletic League Youth Enrichment Reauthorization Act of 2006'."
Pub. L. 109–162, §1, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2960, as amended Pub. L. 109–271, §1(a), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 750, provided that:
"(a) In General.—This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005'.
"(b) Separate Short Titles.—Section 3 and titles I through IX of this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2005'. Title XI of this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act of 2005'."
Pub. L. 109–162, title X, §1001, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3084, provided that: "This title [amending sections 14132, 14135, and 14135a of this title and sections 3142 and 3297 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] may be cited as the 'DNA Fingerprint Act of 2005'."
Short Title of 2004 Amendment
Pub. L. 108–405, §1(a), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2260, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 10603d, 10603e, 14136 to 14136e, and 14163 to 14163e of this title and chapters 228A and 237 and section 3297 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending sections 3793, 3796gg to 3796gg–6, 3797k, 3797m, 14132, 14133, 14135, 14135a, and 14135e of this title, section 1565 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 2513 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, repealing section 10606 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 3796gg–1 and 14136 of this title, sections 3297, 3600, and 3771 of Title 18, and section 531 of Title 28] may be cited as the 'Justice for All Act of 2004'."
Pub. L. 108–405, title II, §201, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2266, provided that: "This title [enacting section 3297 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending sections 3796gg–6, 14132, 14133, 14135, 14135a, and 14135e of this title and section 1565 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 3297 of Title 18 and section 531 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the 'Debbie Smith Act of 2004'."
Pub. L. 108–405, title III, §301, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2272, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 14136 to 14136d of this title, amending sections 3793, 3796gg to 3796gg–5, 3797k, 3797m, 14132, and 14135e of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3796gg–1 of this title] may be cited as the 'DNA Sexual Assault Justice Act of 2004'."
Short Title of 2000 Amendments
Pub. L. 106–560, §1, Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2784, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 13726 to 13726c of this title] may be cited as the 'Interstate Transportation of Dangerous Criminals Act of 2000' or 'Jeanna's Act'."
Pub. L. 106–546, §1, Dec. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 2726, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 14135 to 14135e of this title and section 1565 of Title 10, Armed Forces, amending sections 3753, 3796kk–2, 14132, and 14133 of this title and sections 3563, 3583, and 4209 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 14135 of this title and section 1565 of Title 10, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 531 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the 'DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000'."
Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, §1001, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1491, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Violence Against Women Act of 2000'."
Pub. L. 106–297, §1, Oct. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 1045, provided that: "This Act [amending section 13704 of this title] may be cited as the 'Death in Custody Reporting Act of 2000'."
Short Title of 1996 Amendments
Pub. L. 104–236, §1, Oct. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 3093, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 14072 and 14073 of this title, amending section 14071 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 14071 of this title] may be cited as the 'Pam Lychner Sexual Offender Tracking and Identification Act of 1996'."
Pub. L. 104–145, §1, May 17, 1996, 110 Stat. 1345, provided that: "This Act [amending section 14071 of this title] may be cited as 'Megan's Law'."
Short Title
Pub. L. 103–322, §1, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1796, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994'."
Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31101, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1882, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle K (§§31101–31133) of title III of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part G (§13821 et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter] may be cited as the 'National Community Economic Partnership Act of 1994'."
Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31901, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1892, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle S (§§31901–31922) of title III of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part I (§13881 et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Family Unity Demonstration Project Act'."
Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40001, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1902, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Violence Against Women Act of 1994'."
Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40101, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1903, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§40101–40156) of title IV of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part A (§13931 et seq.) of subchapter III of this chapter, sections 300w–10, 3796gg to 3796gg–5, and 5712d of this title, section 1a–7a of Title 16, Conservation, and sections 2247, 2248, and 2259 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending sections 3793, 3796aa–1 to 3796aa–3, 3796aa–5, 3796aa–6, 3797, 13012, 13014, 13021, and 13024 of this title, section 460l–8 of Title 16, and Rule 412 of the Federal Rules of Evidence, repealing sections 3796aa–4 and 3796aa–7 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 994 and 2074 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the 'Safe Streets for Women Act of 1994'."
Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40201, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1925, provided that: "This title [probably should be "subtitle", meaning subtitle B (§§40201–40295) of title IV of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part B (§13951 et seq.) of subchapter III of this chapter, sections 3796hh to 3796hh–4 and 10416 to 10418 of this title, and sections 2261 to 2266 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and amending sections 3782, 3783, 3793, 3797, 10402, and 10407 to 10410 of this title] may be cited as the 'Safe Homes for Women Act of 1994'."
Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40301, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1941, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle C (§§40301–40304) of title IV of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part C (§13981) of subchapter III of this chapter and amending section 1988 of this title and section 1445 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the 'Civil Rights Remedies for Gender-Motivated Violence Act'."
Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40401, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1942, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle D (§§40401–40422) of title IV of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part D (§13991 et seq.) of subchapter III of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Equal Justice for Women in the Courts Act of 1994'."
Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §41001, as added by Pub. L. 109–162, title I, §105(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2979, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle J (§§41001–41006) of title IV of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part I (§14043 et seq.) of subchapter III of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Violence Against Women Act Court Training and Improvements Act of 2005'."
Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200101, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2049, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§200101–200113) of title XX of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part A (§14091 et seq.) of subchapter VIII of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Police Corps Act'."
Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200201, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2057, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§200201–200210) of title XX of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part B (§14111 et seq.) of subchapter VIII of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Law Enforcement Scholarships and Recruitment Act'."
Pub. L. 103–322, title XXI, §210301, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2065, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle C (§§210301–210306) of title XXI of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part A (§14131 et seq.) of subchapter IX of this chapter and sections 3796kk to 3796kk–6 of this title, amending sections 3751, 3753, 3793, and 3797 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3751 of this title] may be cited as the 'DNA Identification Act of 1994'."
Pub. L. 103–322, title XXII, §220001, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2074, provided that: "This title [enacting subchapter X (§14171) of this chapter and section 511A of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and amending section 511 of Title 18] may be cited as the 'Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act'."
§13702. Authorization of grants
(a) In general
The Attorney General shall provide Violent Offender Incarceration grants under section 13703 of this title and Truth-in-Sentencing Incentive grants under section 13704 of this title to eligible States—
(1) to build or expand correctional facilities to increase the bed capacity for the confinement of persons convicted of a part 1 violent crime or adjudicated delinquent for an act which if committed by an adult, would be a part 1 violent crime;
(2) to build or expand temporary or permanent correctional facilities, including facilities on military bases, prison barges, and boot camps, for the confinement of convicted nonviolent offenders and criminal aliens, for the purpose of freeing suitable existing prison space for the confinement of persons convicted of a part 1 violent crime; and
(3) to build or expand jails.
(b) Regional compacts
(1) In general
Subject to paragraph (2), States may enter into regional compacts to carry out this part. Such compacts shall be treated as States under this part.
(2) Requirement
To be recognized as a regional compact for eligibility for a grant under section 13703 or 13704 of this title, each member State must be eligible individually.
(3) Limitation on receipt of funds
No State may receive a grant under this part both individually and as part of a compact.
(c) Applicability
Notwithstanding the eligibility requirements of section 13704 of this title, a State that certifies to the Attorney General that, as of April 26, 1996, such State has enacted legislation in reliance on this part, as enacted on September 13, 1994, and would in fact qualify under those provisions, shall be eligible to receive a grant for fiscal year 1996 as though such State qualifies under section 13704 of this title.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20102, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-15; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 13702, Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20102, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1816, related to Truth in Sentencing Incentive Grants prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 104–134.
§13703. Violent offender incarceration grants
(a) Eligibility for minimum grant
To be eligible to receive a minimum grant under this section, a State shall submit an application to the Attorney General that provides assurances that the State has implemented, or will implement, correctional policies and programs, including truth-in-sentencing laws that ensure that violent offenders serve a substantial portion of the sentences imposed, that are designed to provide sufficiently severe punishment for violent offenders, including violent juvenile offenders, and that the prison time served is appropriately related to the determination that the inmate is a violent offender and for a period of time deemed necessary to protect the public.
(b) Additional amount for increased percentage of persons sentenced and time served
A State that received a grant under subsection (a) of this section is eligible to receive additional grant amounts if such State demonstrates that the State has, since 1993—
(1) increased the percentage of persons arrested for a part 1 violent crime sentenced to prison; or
(2) increased the average prison time actually served or the average percent of sentence served by persons convicted of a part 1 violent crime.
Receipt of grant amounts under this subsection does not preclude eligibility for a grant under subsection (c) of this section.
(c) Additional amount for increased rate of incarceration and percentage of sentence served
A State that received a grant under subsection (a) of this section is eligible to receive additional grant amounts if such State demonstrates that the State has—
(1) since 1993, increased the percentage of persons arrested for a part 1 violent crime sentenced to prison, and has increased the average percent of sentence served by persons convicted of a part 1 violent crime; or
(2) has increased by 10 percent or more over the most recent 3-year period the number of new court commitments to prison of persons convicted of part 1 violent crimes.
Receipt of grant amounts under this subsection does not preclude eligibility for a grant under subsection (b) of this section.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20103, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-16; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 13703, Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20103, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1817, related to Violent Offender Incarceration Grants prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 104–134.
Controlled Substance Testing and Intervention; Availability of Funds
Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(a) [title I], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009-14, provided in part: "That beginning in fiscal year 1999, and thereafter, no funds shall be available to make grants to a State pursuant to section 20103 or section 20104 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 [42 U.S.C. 13703, 13704] unless no later than September 1, 1998, such State has implemented a program of controlled substance testing and intervention for appropriate categories of convicted offenders during periods of incarceration and criminal justice supervision, with sanctions including denial or revocation of release for positive controlled substance tests, consistent with guidelines issued by the Attorney General".
§13704. Truth-in-sentencing incentive grants
(a) Eligibility
To be eligible to receive a grant award under this section, a State shall submit an application to the Attorney General that demonstrates that—
(1)(A) such State has implemented truth-in-sentencing laws that—
(i) require persons convicted of a part 1 violent crime to serve not less than 85 percent of the sentence imposed (without counting time not actually served, such as administrative or statutory incentives for good behavior); or
(ii) result in persons convicted of a part 1 violent crime serving on average not less than 85 percent of the sentence imposed (without counting time not actually served, such as administrative or statutory incentives for good behavior);
(B) such State has truth-in-sentencing laws that have been enacted, but not yet implemented, that require such State, not later than 3 years after such State submits an application to the Attorney General, to provide that persons convicted of a part 1 violent crime serve not less than 85 percent of the sentence imposed (without counting time not actually served, such as administrative or statutory incentives for good behavior); or
(C) in the case of a State that on April 26, 1996, practices indeterminate sentencing with regard to any part 1 violent crime—
(i) persons convicted of a part 1 violent crime on average serve not less than 85 percent of the prison term established under the State's sentencing and release guidelines; or
(ii) persons convicted of a part 1 violent crime on average serve not less than 85 percent of the maximum prison term allowed under the sentence imposed by the court (not counting time not actually served such as administrative or statutory incentives for good behavior); and
(2) such State has provided assurances that it will follow guidelines established by the Attorney General in reporting, on a quarterly basis, information regarding the death of any person who is in the process of arrest, is en route to be incarcerated, or is incarcerated at a municipal or county jail, State prison, or other local or State correctional facility (including any juvenile facility) that, at a minimum, includes—
(A) the name, gender, race, ethnicity, and age of the deceased;
(B) the date, time, and location of death; and
(C) a brief description of the circumstances surrounding the death.
(b) Exception
Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, a State may provide that the Governor of the State may allow for the earlier release of—
(1) a geriatric prisoner; or
(2) a prisoner whose medical condition precludes the prisoner from posing a threat to the public, but only after a public hearing in which representatives of the public and the prisoner's victims have had an opportunity to be heard regarding a proposed release.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20104, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-16; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327; amended Pub. L. 106–297, §2, Oct. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 1045.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 13704, Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20104, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1818, related to Federal share matching requirement prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 104–134.
Amendments
2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–297 redesignated par. (1) as subpar. (A) and former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, redesignated par. (2) as subpar. (B), redesignated par. (3) as subpar. (C) and former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, and added par. (2).
§13705. Special rules
(a) Sharing of funds with counties and other units of local government
(1) Reservation
Each State shall reserve not more than 15 percent of the amount of funds allocated in a fiscal year pursuant to section 13706 of this title for counties and units of local government to construct, develop, expand, modify, or improve jails and other correctional facilities.
(2) Factors for determination of amount
To determine the amount of funds to be reserved under this subsection, a State shall consider the burden placed on a county or unit of local government that results from the implementation of policies adopted by the State to carry out section 13703 or 13704 of this title.
(b) Use of truth-in-sentencing and violent offender incarceration grants
Funds provided under section 13703 or 13704 of this title may be applied to the cost of—
(1) altering existing correctional facilities to provide separate facilities for juveniles under the jurisdiction of an adult criminal court who are detained or are serving sentences in adult prisons or jails;
(2) providing correctional staff who are responsible for supervising juveniles who are detained or serving sentences under the jurisdiction of an adult criminal court with orientation and ongoing training regarding the unique needs of such offenders; and
(3) providing ombudsmen to monitor the treatment of juveniles who are detained or serving sentences under the jurisdiction of an adult criminal court in adult facilities, consistent with guidelines issued by the Assistant Attorney General.
(c) Funds for juvenile offenders
Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, if a State, or unit of local government located in a State that otherwise meets the requirements of section 13703 or 13704 of this title, certifies to the Attorney General that exigent circumstances exist that require the State to expend funds to build or expand facilities to confine juvenile offenders other than juvenile offenders adjudicated delinquent for an act which, if committed by an adult, would be a part 1 violent crime, the State may use funds received under this part to build or expand juvenile correctional facilities or pretrial detention facilities for juvenile offenders.
(d) Private facilities
A State may use funds received under this part for the privatization of facilities to carry out the purposes of section 13702 of this title.
(e) "Part 1 violent crime" defined
For purposes of this part, "part 1 violent crime" means a part 1 violent crime as defined in section 13701(3) 1 of this title, or a crime in a reasonably comparable class of serious violent crimes as approved by the Attorney General.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20105, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-17; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. E, §3, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–760; Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title III, §307, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1783.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 13705, Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20105, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1818, related to rules and regulations prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 104–134.
Amendments
2002—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted "Use of truth-in-sentencing and violent offender incarceration grants" for "Additional requirements" in heading and amended text generally, substituting provisions relating to use of funds for juveniles in adult prisons or under the jurisdiction of an adult criminal court for provisions relating to additional requirements for grant eligibility.
1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277 amended heading and text of subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "To be eligible to receive a grant under section 13703 or 13704 of this title, a State shall provide assurances to the Attorney General that the State has implemented or will implement not later than 18 months after April 26, 1996, policies that provide for the recognition of the rights and needs of crime victims."
§13706. Formula for grants
(a) Allocation of violent offender incarceration grants under section 13703
(1) Formula allocation
85 percent of the amount available for grants under section 13703 of this title for any fiscal year shall be allocated as follows (except that a State may not receive more than 9 percent of the total amount of funds made available under this paragraph):
(A) 0.75 percent shall be allocated to each State that meets the requirements of section 13703(a) of this title, except that the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, if eligible under section 13703(a) of this title, shall each be allocated 0.05 percent.
(B) The amount remaining after application of subparagraph (A) shall be allocated to each State that meets the requirements of section 13703(b) of this title, in the ratio that the number of part 1 violent crimes reported by such State to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the 3 years preceding the year in which the determination is made, bears to the average annual number of part 1 violent crimes reported by all States that meet the requirements of section 13703(b) of this title to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the 3 years preceding the year in which the determination is made.
(2) Additional allocation
15 percent of the amount available for grants under section 13703 of this title for any fiscal year shall be allocated to each State that meets the requirements of section 13703(c) of this title as follows:
(A) 3.0 percent shall be allocated to each State that meets the requirements of section 13703(c) of this title, except that the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, if eligible under such subsection, shall each be allocated 0.03 percent.
(B) The amount remaining after application of subparagraph (A) shall be allocated to each State that meets the requirements of section 13703(c) of this title, in the ratio that the number of part 1 violent crimes reported by such State to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the 3 years preceding the year in which the determination is made, bears to the average annual number of part 1 violent crimes reported by all States that meet the requirements of section 13702(c) of this title to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the 3 years preceding the year in which the determination is made.
(b) Allocation of truth-in-sentencing grants under section 13704
The amounts available for grants for section 13704 of this title shall be allocated to each State that meets the requirements of section 13704 of this title in the ratio that the average annual number of part 1 violent crimes reported by such State to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the 3 years preceding the year in which the determination is made bears to the average annual number of part 1 violent crimes reported by States that meet the requirements of section 13704 of this title to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the 3 years preceding the year in which the determination is made, except that a State may not receive more than 25 percent of the total amount available for such grants.
(c) Unavailable data
If data regarding part 1 violent crimes in any State is substantially inaccurate or is unavailable for the 3 years preceding the year in which the determination is made, the Attorney General shall utilize the best available comparable data regarding the number of violent crimes for the previous year for the State for the purposes of allocation of funds under this part.
(d) Regional compacts
In determining the amount of funds that States organized as a regional compact may receive, the Attorney General shall first apply the formula in either subsection (a) or (b) and (c) of this section to each member State of the compact. The States organized as a regional compact may receive the sum of the amounts so determined.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20106, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-18; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 13706, Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20106, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1818, related to technical assistance and training prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 104–134.
§13707. Accountability
(a) Fiscal requirements
A State that receives funds under this part shall use accounting, audit, and fiscal procedures that conform to guidelines prescribed by the Attorney General, and shall ensure that any funds used to carry out the programs under section 13702(a) of this title shall represent the best value for the State governments at the lowest possible cost and employ the best available technology.
(b) Administrative provisions
The administrative provisions of sections 3782 and 3783 of this title shall apply to the Attorney General under this part in the same manner that such provisions apply to the officials listed in such sections.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20107, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-19; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 13707, Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20107, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1818, related to evaluation of programs prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 104–134.
§13708. Authorization of appropriations
(a) In general
(1) Authorizations
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this part—
(A) $997,500,000 for fiscal year 1996;
(B) $1,330,000,000 for fiscal year 1997;
(C) $2,527,000,000 for fiscal year 1998;
(D) $2,660,000,000 for fiscal year 1999; and
(E) $2,753,100,000 for fiscal year 2000.
(2) Distribution
(A) In general
Of the amounts remaining after the allocation of funds for the purposes set forth under sections 13710, 13711, and 13709 of this title, the Attorney General shall, from amounts authorized to be appropriated under paragraph (1) for each fiscal year, distribute 50 percent for incarceration grants under section 13703 of this title, and 50 percent for incentive grants under section 13704 of this title.
(B) Distribution of minimum amounts
The Attorney General shall distribute minimum amounts allocated for section 13703(a) of this title to an eligible State not later than 30 days after receiving an application that demonstrates that such State qualifies for a Violent Offender Incarceration grant under section 13703 of this title or a Truth-in-Sentencing Incentive grant under section 13704 of this title.
(b) Limitations on funds
(1) Uses of funds
Except as provided in section 1 13710 and 13711 of this title, funds made available pursuant to this section shall be used only to carry out the purposes described in section 13702(a) of this title.
(2) Nonsupplanting requirement
Funds made available pursuant to this section shall not be used to supplant State funds, but shall be used to increase the amount of funds that would, in the absence of Federal funds, be made available from State sources.
(3) Administrative costs
Not more than 3 percent of the funds that remain available after carrying out sections 13709, 13710, and 13711 of this title shall be available to the Attorney General for purposes of—
(A) administration;
(B) research and evaluation, including assessment of the effect on public safety and other effects of the expansion of correctional capacity and sentencing reforms implemented pursuant to this part;
(C) technical assistance relating to the use of grant funds, and development and implementation of sentencing reforms implemented pursuant to this part; and
(D) data collection and improvement of information systems relating to the confinement of violent offenders and other sentencing and correctional matters.
(4) Carryover of appropriations
Funds appropriated pursuant to this section during any fiscal year shall remain available until expended.
(5) Matching funds
The Federal share of a grant received under this part may not exceed 90 percent of the costs of a proposal as described in an application approved under this part.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20108, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-19; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 13708, Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20108, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1818, defined terms in this part prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 104–134.
§13709. Payments for incarceration on tribal lands
(a) Reservation of funds
Notwithstanding any other provision of this part other than section 13708(a)(2) of this title, from amounts appropriated to carry out sections 13703 and 13704 of this title, the Attorney General shall reserve, to carry out this section—
(1) 0.3 percent in each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997; and
(2) 0.2 percent in each of fiscal years 1998, 1999, and 2000.
(b) Grants to Indian tribes
From the amounts reserved under subsection (a) of this section, the Attorney General may make grants to Indian tribes for the purposes of constructing jails on tribal lands for the incarceration of offenders subject to tribal jurisdiction.
(c) Applications
To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, an Indian tribe shall submit to the Attorney General an application in such form and containing such information as the Attorney General may by regulation require.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20109, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-20; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)
Prior Provisions
A prior section 13709, Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20109, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1818, authorized appropriations to carry out this part prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 104–134.
§13710. Payments to eligible States for incarceration of criminal aliens
(a) In general
The Attorney General shall make a payment to each State which is eligible under section 1252(j) 1 of title 8 in such amount as is determined under section 1252(j) 1 of title 8, and for which payment is not made to such State for such fiscal year under such section.
(b) Authorization of appropriations
Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section from amounts authorized under section 13708 of this title, an amount which when added to amounts appropriated to carry out section 1252(j) 1 of title 8 for fiscal year 1996 equals $500,000,000 and for each of the fiscal years 1997 through 2000 does not exceed $650,000,000.
(c) Administration
The amounts appropriated to carry out this section shall be reserved from the total amount appropriated for each fiscal year and shall be added to the other funds appropriated to carry out section 1252(j) 1 of title 8 and administered under such section.
(d) Report to Congress
Not later than May 15, 1999, the Attorney General shall submit a report to the Congress which contains the recommendation of the Attorney General concerning the extension of the program under this section.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20110, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-21; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)
References in Text
Section 1252(j) of title 8, referred to in subsecs. (a) to (c), was redesignated section 1231(i) of title 8 by Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title III, §306(a)(1), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–607.
§13711. Support of Federal prisoners in non-Federal institutions
(a) In general
The Attorney General may make payments to States and units of local government for the purposes authorized in section 4013 of title 18.
(b) Authorization of appropriations
Notwithstanding any other provision of this part other than section 13708(a)(2) of this title, there are authorized to be appropriated from amounts authorized under section 13708 of this title for each of fiscal years 1996 through 2000 such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20111, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-21; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)
§13712. Report by Attorney General
Beginning on October 1, 1996, and each subsequent July 1 thereafter, the Attorney General shall report to the Congress on the implementation of this part, including a report on the eligibility of the States under sections 13703 and 13704 of this title, and the distribution and use of funds under this part.
(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20112, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-21; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)
§13713. Aimee's Law
(a) Short title
This section may be cited as "Aimee's Law".
(b) Definitions
Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Attorney General hereunder, in this section:
(1) Dangerous sexual offense
The term "dangerous sexual offense" means any offense under State law for conduct that would constitute an offense under chapter 109A of title 18 had the conduct occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States or in a Federal prison.
(2) Murder
The term "murder" has the meaning given the term in part I of the Uniform Crime Reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
(3) Rape
The term "rape" has the meaning given the term in part I of the Uniform Crime Reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
(c) Penalty
(1) Single State
Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Attorney General hereunder, in any case in which a criminal-records-reporting State convicts an individual of murder, rape, or a dangerous sexual offense, who has a prior conviction for any one of those offenses in a State described in paragraph (3), it may, under subsection (d) of this section, apply to the Attorney General for $10,000, for its related apprehension and prosecution costs, and $22,500 per year (up to a maximum of 5 years), for its related incarceration costs with both amounts for costs adjusted annually for the rate of inflation.
(2) Multiple States
Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Attorney General hereunder, in any case in which a criminal-records-reporting State convicts an individual of murder, rape, or a dangerous sexual offense, who has a prior conviction for any one or more of those offenses in more than one other State described in paragraph (3), it may, under subsection (d) of this section, apply to the Attorney General for $10,000, for its related apprehension and prosecution costs, and $22,500 per year (up to a maximum of 5 years), for its related incarceration costs with both amounts for costs adjusted annually for the rate of inflation.
(3) State described
Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Attorney General hereunder, a State is described in this paragraph unless—
(A) the term of imprisonment imposed by the State on the individual described in paragraph (1) or (2), as applicable, was not less than the average term of imprisonment imposed for that offense in all States; or
(B) with respect to the individual described in paragraph (1) or (2), as applicable, the individual had served not less than 85 percent of the term of imprisonment to which that individual was sentenced for the prior offense.
For purposes of subparagraph (B), in a State that has indeterminate sentencing, the term of imprisonment to which that individual was sentenced for the prior offense shall be based on the lower of the range of sentences.
(d) State applications
In order to receive an amount under subsection (c) of this section, the chief executive of a State shall submit to the Attorney General an application, in such form and containing such information as the Attorney General may reasonably require, which shall include a certification that the State has convicted an individual of murder, rape, or a dangerous sexual offense, who has a prior conviction for one of those offenses in another State.
(e) Source of funds
(1) In general
Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Attorney General hereunder, any amount under subsection (c) of this section shall be derived by reducing the amount of Federal law enforcement assistance funds received by the State pursuant to section 3755 of this title that convicted such individual of the prior offense before the distribution of the funds to the State. No amount described under this section shall be subject to section 3335(b) or 6503(d) of title 31 1
(2) Payment schedule
The Attorney General, in consultation with the chief executive of the State that convicted such individual of the prior offense, shall establish a payment schedule.
(f) Construction
Nothing in this section may be construed to diminish or otherwise affect any court ordered restitution.
(g) Exception
Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Attorney General hereunder, this section does not apply if the individual convicted of murder, rape, or a dangerous sexual offense has been released from prison upon the reversal of a conviction for an offense described in subsection (c) of this section and subsequently been convicted for an offense described in subsection (c) of this section.
(h) Report
The Attorney General shall—
(1) conduct a study evaluating the implementation of this section; and
(2) not later than October 1, 2006, submit to Congress a report on the results of that study.
(i) Collection of recidivism data
(1) In general
Beginning with calendar year 2002, and each calendar year thereafter, the Attorney General shall collect and maintain information relating to, with respect to each State (where practicable)—
(A) the number of convictions during that calendar year for—
(i) any dangerous sexual offense;
(ii) rape; and
(iii) murder; and
(B) the number of convictions described in subparagraph (A) that constitute second or subsequent convictions of the defendant of an offense described in that subparagraph.
(2) Report
The Attorney General shall submit to Congress—
(A) a report, by not later than 6 months after January 5, 2006, that provides national estimates of the nature and extent of recidivism (with an emphasis on interstate recidivism) by State inmates convicted of murder, rape, and dangerous sexual offenses;
(B) a report, by not later than October 1, 2007, and October 1 of each year thereafter, that provides statistical analysis and criminal history profiles of interstate recidivists identified in any State applications under this section; and
(C) reports, at regular intervals not to exceed every five years, that include the information described in paragraph (1).
(j) Effective date
This section shall take effect on January 1, 2002.
(Pub. L. 106–386, div. C, §2001, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1539; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1170, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3122; Pub. L. 109–271, §8(m), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 767.)
Codification
January 5, 2006, referred to in subsec. (i)(2)(A), was in the original "the date of enactment of this Act", which was translated as meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–162, which enacted subsec. (i)(2) of this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Section was enacted as Aimee's Law and also as part of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, and not as part of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 which enacted this chapter.
Amendments
2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(1), substituted "Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Attorney General hereunder, in this section" for "In this section" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(1), (2), substituted "Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Attorney General hereunder, in any case" for "In any case", "a criminal-records-reporting State" for "a State" the first place appearing, and "(3), it may, under subsection (d) of this section, apply to the Attorney General for $10,000, for its related apprehension and prosecution costs, and $22,500 per year (up to a maximum of 5 years), for its related incarceration costs with both amounts for costs adjusted annually for the rate of inflation" for "(3), the Attorney General shall transfer an amount equal to the costs of incarceration, prosecution, and apprehension of that individual, from Federal law enforcement assistance funds that have been allocated to but not distributed to the State that convicted the individual of the prior offense, to the State account that collects Federal law enforcement assistance funds of the State that convicted that individual of the subsequent offense".
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(1), (2), substituted "Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Attorney General hereunder, in any case" for "In any case", "a criminal-records-reporting State" for "a State", and "(3), it may, under subsection (d) of this section, apply to the Attorney General for $10,000, for its related apprehension and prosecution costs, and $22,500 per year (up to a maximum of 5 years), for its related incarceration costs with both amounts for costs adjusted annually for the rate of inflation" for "(3), the Attorney General shall transfer an amount equal to the costs of incarceration, prosecution, and apprehension of that individual, from Federal law enforcement assistance funds that have been allocated to but not distributed to each State that convicted such individual of the prior offense, to the State account that collects Federal law enforcement assistance funds of the State that convicted that individual of the subsequent offense".
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(1), (3)(A), substituted "Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Attorney General hereunder, a State" for "A State" and "unless" for "if" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(3)(B)(iii), (C), inserted "not" before "less" and struck out "convicted by the State is" after "as applicable, was".
Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(3)(B)(ii), which directed amendment of par. (3) by striking "individuals convicted of the offense for which," was executed by striking "individuals convicted of the offense for which" after "imposed by the State on" to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because there was no comma after "which".
Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(3)(B)(i), which directed that "average" be struck out, was executed by striking out "average" the first place appearing, after "(A) the", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(3)(C), inserted "not" before "less".
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(4), struck out "transferred" after "receive an amount".
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 109–271 substituted "section 3755" for "section 3756".
Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(1), (4), (5), substituted "Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Attorney General hereunder, any amount" for "Any amount transferred", inserted "pursuant to section 3756 of this title" before "that convicted", inserted "No amount described under this section shall be subject to section 3335(b) or 6503(d) of title 31" at end, and struck out former last sentence which read as follows: "The Attorney General shall provide the State with an opportunity to select the specific Federal law enforcement assistance funds to be so reduced (other than Federal crime victim assistance funds)."
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(1), substituted "Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Attorney General hereunder, this section does not apply" for "This section does not apply".
Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(6), substituted "State (where practicable)" for "State" in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 109–162, §1170(7), added par. (2) and struck out heading and text of former par. (2). Text read as follows: "Not later than March 1, 2003, and on March 1 of each year thereafter, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report, which shall include—
"(A) the information collected under paragraph (1) with respect to each State during the preceding calendar year; and
"(B) the percentage of cases in each State in which an individual convicted of an offense described in paragraph (1)(A) was previously convicted of another such offense in another State during the preceding calendar year."