§2656. Management of foreign affairs
The Secretary of State shall perform such duties as shall from time to time be enjoined on or intrusted to him by the President relative to correspondences, commissions, or instructions to or with public ministers or consuls from the United States, or to negotiations with public ministers from foreign states or princes, or to memorials or other applications from foreign public ministers or other foreigners, or to such other matters respecting foreign affairs as the President of the United States shall assign to the Department, and he shall conduct the business of the Department in such manner as the President shall direct.
(R.S. §202.)
Codification
R.S. §202 derived from acts July 27, 1789, ch. 4, §1,
Section was formerly classified to section 156 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by
Delegation of Functions
Functions of President respecting certain facilities constructed and maintained on United States borders delegated to Secretary of State, see Ex. Ord. No. 11423, Aug. 16, 1968, 33 F.R. 11741, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.
Presidential Directive
National Intelligence Authority and Central Intelligence Group, established by Presidential Directive, Feb. 1, 1946, 11 F.R. 1337, to coordinate Federal foreign intelligence activities, ceased to exist upon creation of Central Intelligence Agency; personnel, property and records of the group were transferred to the Agency; and unexpended funds of the group were made available to the Agency, by act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title I, §102,
Strategy for the United States Relationship With Saudi Arabia
"(a)
"(1) The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States concluded that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has 'been a problematic ally in combating Islamic extremism. At the level of high policy, Saudi Arabia's leaders cooperated with American diplomatic initiatives aimed at the Taliban or Pakistan before 9/11. At the same time, Saudi Arabia's society was a place where al Qaeda raised money directly from individuals and through charities. It was the society that produced 15 of the 19 hijackers.'.
"(2) Saudi Arabia has an uneven record in the fight against terrorism, especially with respect to terrorist financing, support for radical madrassas, a lack of political outlets for its citizens, and restrictions on religious pluralism, that poses a threat to the security of the United States, the international community, and Saudi Arabia itself.
"(3) The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States concluded that the 'problems in the U.S.-Saudi relationship must be confronted, openly'. It recommended that the two countries build a relationship that includes a 'shared commitment to political and economic reform . . . and a shared interest in greater tolerance and cultural respect, translating into a commitment to fight the violent extremists who foment hatred'.
"(4) The United States has a national security interest in working with the Government of Saudi Arabia to combat international terrorists that operate within that country or that operate outside Saudi Arabia with the support of citizens of Saudi Arabia.
"(5) The United States and Saudi Arabia established a Strategic Dialogue in 2005, which provides a framework for the two countries to discuss a range of bilateral issues at high levels, including counterterrorism policy and political and economic reforms.
"(6) It is in the national security interest of the United States to support the Government of Saudi Arabia in undertaking a number of political and economic reforms, including increasing anti-terrorism operations conducted by law enforcement agencies, providing more political and religious rights to its citizens, increasing the rights of women, engaging in comprehensive educational reform, enhancing monitoring of charitable organizations, and promulgating and enforcing domestic laws and regulation on terrorist financing.
"(b)
"(1) to engage with the Government of Saudi Arabia to openly confront the issue of terrorism, as well as other problematic issues such as the lack of political freedoms;
"(2) to enhance counterterrorism cooperation with the Government of Saudi Arabia; and
"(3) to support the efforts of the Government of Saudi Arabia to make political, economic, and social reforms, including greater religious freedom, throughout the country.
"(c)
"(1)
"(A) describes the long-term strategy of the United States-
"(i) to engage with the Government of Saudi Arabia to facilitate political, economic, and social reforms, including greater religious freedom, that will enhance the ability of the Government of Saudi Arabia to combat international terrorism; and
"(ii) to work with the Government of Saudi Arabia to combat terrorism, including through effective measures to prevent and prohibit the financing of terrorists by Saudi institutions and citizens; and
"(B) provides an assessment of the progress made by Saudi Arabia since 2001 on the matters described in subparagraph (A), including-
"(i) whether Saudi Arabia has become a party to the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism; and
"(ii) the activities and authority of the Saudi Nongovernmental National Commission for Relief and Charity Work Abroad.
"(2)
[For definition of "appropriate congressional committees" as used in section 2043 of
[For assignment of functions of President under section 2043(c)(1) of
Findings
"(1) Long-term success in the war on terrorism demands the use of all elements of national power, including diplomacy, military action, intelligence, covert action, law enforcement, economic policy, foreign aid, public diplomacy, and homeland defense.
"(2) To win the war on terrorism, the United States must assign to economic and diplomatic capabilities the same strategic priority that is assigned to military capabilities.
"(3) The legislative and executive branches of the Government of the United States must commit to robust, long-term investments in all of the tools necessary for the foreign policy of the United States to successfully accomplish the goals of the United States.
"(4) The investments referred to in paragraph (3) will require increased funding to United States foreign affairs programs in general, and to priority areas as described in this title [see Tables for classification] in particular."
Comprehensive Coalition Strategy for Fighting Terrorism
"(a)
"(1) Almost every aspect of the counterterrorism strategy of the United States relies on international cooperation.
"(2) Since September 11, 2001, the number and scope of United States Government contacts with foreign governments concerning counterterrorism have expanded significantly, but such contacts have often been ad hoc and not integrated as a comprehensive and unified approach to counterterrorism.
"(b)
"(c)
"(1)
"(A) should seek to engage the leaders of the governments of other countries in a process of advancing beyond separate and uncoordinated national counterterrorism strategies to develop with those other governments a comprehensive multilateral strategy to fight terrorism; and
"(B) to that end, should seek to establish an international counterterrorism policy contact group with the leaders of governments providing leadership in global counterterrorism efforts and governments of countries with sizable Muslim populations, to be used as a ready and flexible international means for discussing and coordinating the development of important counterterrorism policies by the participating governments.
"(2)
"(A) To meet annually, or more frequently as the President determines appropriate, to develop in common with such other governments important policies and a strategy that address the various components of international prosecution of the war on terrorism, including policies and a strategy that address military issues, law enforcement, the collection, analysis, and dissemination of intelligence, issues relating to interdiction of travel by terrorists, counterterrorism-related customs issues, financial issues, and issues relating to terrorist sanctuaries.
"(B) To address, to the extent (if any) that the President and leaders of other participating governments determine appropriate, long-term issues that can contribute to strengthening stability and security in the Middle East."
International Agreements To Track and Curtail Terrorist Travel Through the Use of Fraudulently Obtained Documents
"(a)
"(1) International terrorists travel across international borders to raise funds, recruit members, train for operations, escape capture, communicate, and plan and carry out attacks.
"(2) The international terrorists who planned and carried out the attack on the World Trade Center on February 26, 1993, the attack on the embassies of the United States in Kenya and Tanzania on August 7, 1998, the attack on the USS Cole on October 12, 2000, and the attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, traveled across international borders to plan and carry out these attacks.
"(3) The international terrorists who planned other attacks on the United States, including the plot to bomb New York City landmarks in 1993, the plot to bomb the New York City subway in 1997, and the millennium plot to bomb Los Angeles International Airport on December 31, 1999, traveled across international borders to plan and carry out these attacks.
"(4) Many of the international terrorists who planned and carried out large-scale attacks against foreign targets, including the attack in Bali, Indonesia, on October 11, 2002, and the attack in Madrid, Spain, on March 11, 2004, traveled across international borders to plan and carry out these attacks.
"(5) Throughout the 1990s, international terrorists, including those involved in the attack on the World Trade Center on February 26, 1993, the plot to bomb New York City landmarks in 1993, and the millennium plot to bomb Los Angeles International Airport on December 31, 1999, traveled on fraudulent passports and often had more than 1 passport.
"(6) Two of the September 11, 2001, hijackers were carrying passports that had been manipulated in a fraudulent manner.
"(7) The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, (commonly referred to as the 9/11 Commission), stated that 'Targeting travel is at least as powerful a weapon against terrorists as targeting their money.'.
"(b)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A) share information on lost, stolen, and fraudulent passports and other travel documents for the purposes of preventing the undetected travel of persons using such passports and other travel documents that were obtained improperly;
"(B) establish and implement a real-time verification system of passports and other travel documents with issuing authorities;
"(C) share with officials at ports of entry in any such country information relating to lost, stolen, and fraudulent passports and other travel documents;
"(D) encourage countries-
"(i) to criminalize-
"(I) the falsification or counterfeiting of travel documents or breeder documents for any purpose;
"(II) the use or attempted use of false documents to obtain a visa or cross a border for any purpose;
"(III) the possession of tools or implements used to falsify or counterfeit such documents;
"(IV) the trafficking in false or stolen travel documents and breeder documents for any purpose;
"(V) the facilitation of travel by a terrorist; and
"(VI) attempts to commit, including conspiracies to commit, the crimes specified in subclauses (I) through (V);
"(ii) to impose significant penalties to appropriately punish violations and effectively deter the crimes specified in clause (i); and
"(iii) to limit the issuance of citizenship papers, passports, identification documents, and similar documents to persons-
"(I) whose identity is proven to the issuing authority;
"(II) who have a bona fide entitlement to or need for such documents; and
"(III) who are not issued such documents principally on account of a disproportional payment made by them or on their behalf to the issuing authority;
"(E) provide technical assistance to countries to help them fully implement such measures; and
"(F) permit immigration and border officials-
"(i) to confiscate a lost, stolen, or falsified passport at ports of entry;
"(ii) to permit the traveler to return to the sending country without being in possession of the lost, stolen, or falsified passport; and
"(iii) to detain and investigate such traveler upon the return of the traveler to the sending country.
"(3)
"(c)
"(1)
"(2)
[Functions of President under subsec. (c) of section 7204 of
East Timor Transition to Independence
"SEC. 631. SHORT TITLE.
"This subtitle may be cited as the 'East Timor Transition to Independence Act of 2002'.
"SEC. 632. BILATERAL ASSISTANCE.
"(a)
"(1) support the development of civil society, including nongovernmental organizations in East Timor;
"(2) promote the development of an independent news media;
"(3) support job creation, including support for small business and microenterprise programs, environmental protection, sustainable development, development of East Timor's health care infrastructure, educational programs, and programs strengthening the role of women in society;
"(4) promote reconciliation, conflict resolution, and prevention of further conflict with respect to East Timor, including establishing accountability for past gross human rights violations;
"(5) support the voluntary and safe repatriation and reintegration of refugees into East Timor;
"(6) support political party development, voter education, voter registration, and other activities in support of free and fair elections in East Timor; and
"(7) promote the development of the rule of law.
"(b)
"(1)
"(2)
"SEC. 633. MULTILATERAL ASSISTANCE.
"The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States executive director at each international financial institution to which the United States is a member to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States to support economic and democratic development in East Timor.
"SEC. 634. TRADE AND INVESTMENT ASSISTANCE.
"(a)
"(b)
"(1)
"(2)
"(A)
"(B)
"(c)
"SEC. 635. GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES.
"As soon as possible after the enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 2002], the United States Trade Representative and the Commissioner of Customs should send an assessment team to East Timor to compile a list of duty-free eligible products so that the Government of East Timor can begin the process of applying for General System of Preference benefits.
"SEC. 636. AUTHORITY FOR RADIO BROADCASTING.
"The Broadcasting Board of Governors should broadcast to East Timor in an appropriate language or languages.
"SEC. 637. SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR EAST TIMOR.
"(a)
"(1)
"(A) the extent to which East Timor's security needs can be met by the transfer of excess defense articles under section 516 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2321j];
"(B) the extent to which international military education and training (IMET) assistance will enhance professionalism of the armed forces of East Timor, provide training in human rights, and promote respect for human rights and humanitarian law; and
"(C) the terms and conditions under which such defense articles or training, as appropriate, should be provided.
"(2)
"(b)
"(1)
"(A) to transfer excess defense articles under section 516 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321j) to East Timor in accordance with such section; and
"(B) to provide military education and training under chapter 5 of part II of such Act (22 U.S.C. 2347 et seq.) for the armed forces of East Timor in accordance with such chapter.
"(2)
"(A) East Timor has established an independent armed forces; and
"(B) the assistance proposed to be provided pursuant to paragraph (1)-
"(i) is in the national security interests of the United States; and
"(ii) will promote both human rights in East Timor and the professionalization of the armed forces of East Timor.
"SEC. 638. REPORTING REQUIREMENT.
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) developments in East Timor's political and economic situation in the period covered by the report, including an evaluation of any elections which have occurred in East Timor and the refugee reintegration process in East Timor;
"(2) in the initial report, a 3-year plan for United States foreign assistance to East Timor in accordance with section 632, prepared by the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, which outlines the goals for United States foreign assistance to East Timor during the 3-year period;
"(3) a description of the activities undertaken in East Timor by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Asian Development Bank, and other international financial institutions, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of these activities;
"(4) an assessment of the status of United States trade and investment relations with East Timor, including a detailed analysis of any trade and investment-related activity supported by the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, or the Trade and Development Agency during the period of time since the previous report;
"(5) a comprehensive study and report on local agriculture in East Timor, emerging opportunities for producing, processing, and exporting indigenous agricultural products, and recommendations for appropriate technical assistance from the United States; and
"(6) statistical data drawn from other sources on economic growth, health, education, and distribution of resources in East Timor."
[For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.]
[For definitions of "appropriate congressional committees" and "Secretary" as used in subtitle C of title VI of div. A of
Presidential Certification Authorizing Security Assistance to East Timor
Determination of President of the United States, No. 2003–19, Mar. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 16167, provided:
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
Pursuant to the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including section 637(b)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003 [
You are hereby authorized and directed to report this certification, accompanying memorandum of justification [not set out in the Code], and report on East Timor security assistance to the Congress, and to arrange for the publication of this memorandum in the Federal Register.
George W. Bush.
Pacific Charter Commission
"SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE.
"This title may be cited as the 'Pacific Charter Commission Act of 2000'.
"SEC. 402. PURPOSES.
"The purposes of this title are-
"(1) to promote a consistent and coordinated foreign policy of the United States to ensure economic and military security in the Asia-Pacific region;
"(2) to support democratization, the rule of law, and human rights in the Asia-Pacific region;
"(3) to promote United States exports to the Asia-Pacific region by advancing economic cooperation;
"(4) to assist in combating terrorism and the spread of illicit narcotics in the Asia-Pacific region; and
"(5) to advocate an active role for the United States Government in diplomacy, security, and the furtherance of good governance and the rule of law in the Asia-Pacific region.
"SEC. 403. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMISSION.
"(a)
"(b)
"SEC. 404. DUTIES OF COMMISSION.
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
"(d)
"(e)
"(1) recommendations for legislative, executive, or other actions resulting from the evaluation of policies described in subsection (c);
"(2) a description of programs, projects, and activities of the Commission for the prior year or, in the case of the initial report, since the date of establishment of the Commission; and
"(3) a complete accounting of the expenditures made by the Commission during the prior year or, in the case of the initial report, since the date of establishment of the Commission.
"SEC. 405. MEMBERSHIP OF COMMISSION.
"(a)
"(1) shall be citizens of the United States who are not officers or employees of any government, except to the extent they are considered such officers or employees by virtue of their membership on the Commission; and
"(2) shall have interest and expertise in issues relating to the Asia-Pacific region.
"(b)
"(1)
"(A) by the President, after consultation with the Speaker and Minority Leader of the House of Representatives, the Chairman and ranking member of the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives, the Majority Leader and Minority Leader of the Senate, and the Chairman and ranking member of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
"(B) by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
"(2)
"(c)
"(d)
"(e)
"(f)
"(1)
"(2)
"(g)
"(h)
"(i)
"SEC. 406. POWERS OF COMMISSION.
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
"(d)
"SEC. 407. STAFF AND SUPPORT SERVICES OF COMMISSION.
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
"(d)
"SEC. 408. TERMINATION.
"The Commission shall terminate not later than 6 years after the date of the establishment of the Commission.
"SEC. 409. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
"(a)
"(b)
"SEC. 410. EFFECTIVE DATE.
"This title shall take effect on February 1, 2001."
Record of War Criminals and Sanctioned Countries, Entities, and Municipalities; Role of Human Rights Organizations and Government Agencies
"(e)
"(g)
"(1)
"(2)
"(3)
"(4)
"(5)
"(j)
"(1)
"(2)
"(3)
"(4)
"(k)
[Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a), (b) of
Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act:
Report Concerning Financial Disadvantages for Administrative and Technical Personnel
"(a)
"(b)
Prisoner Information Registry for the People's Republic of China
"(a)
"(b)
"(c)
Report to Congress on Activities of North Korean Armed Forces
"(a) a best estimate on fuel used by the military forces of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK);
"(b) the deployment position and military training and activities of the DPRK forces and best estimate of the associated costs of these activities; and
"(c) steps taken to reduce the DPRK level of forces."
Reports to War Crimes Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia
Similar provisions were contained in the following appropriation acts:
Reporting Requirements on Occupied Tibet
"(a)
"(1) it is the sense of the Congress that the United States should seek to establish a dialogue with those recognized by Congress as the true representatives of the Tibetan people, the Dalai Lama, his representatives and the Tibetan Government in exile, concerning the situation in Tibet and the future of the Tibetan people and to expand and strengthen United States-Tibet cultural and educational relations, including promoting bilateral exchanges arranged directly with the Tibetan Government in exile; and
"(2) not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 30, 1994], and every 12 months thereafter, the Secretary of State shall transmit to the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Speaker of the House of Representatives a report on the state of relations between the United States and those recognized by Congress as the true representatives of the Tibetan people, the Dalai Lama, his representatives and the Tibetan Government in exile, and on conditions in Tibet.
"(b)
"(1) It is the sense of the Congress that whenever a report is transmitted to the Congress on a country-by-country basis there should be included in such report, where applicable, a separate report on Tibet listed alphabetically with its own state heading.
"(2) The reports referred to in paragraph (1) include, but are not limited to, reports transmitted under sections 116(d) and 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151n(d), 2304(b)] (relating to human rights)."
Cambodian Genocide
"SEC. 571. SHORT TITLE.
"This part may be cited as the 'Cambodian Genocide Justice Act'.
"SEC. 572. POLICY.
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) to collect, or assist appropriate organizations and individuals to collect relevant data on crimes of genocide committed in Cambodia;
"(2) in circumstances which the President deems appropriate, to encourage the establishment of a national or international criminal tribunal for the prosecution of those accused of genocide in Cambodia; and
"(3) as necessary, to provide such national or international tribunal with information collected pursuant to paragraph (1).
"SEC. 573. ESTABLISHMENT OF STATE DEPARTMENT OFFICE.
"(a)
"(2) The Office may carry out its activities inside or outside of Cambodia, except that not less than 75 percent of the funds made available for the Office and its activities shall be used to carry out activities within Cambodia.
"(b)
"(1) to investigate crimes against humanity committed by national Khmer Rouge leaders during that period;
"(2) to provide the people of Cambodia with access to documents, records, and other evidence held by the Office as a result of such investigation;
"(3) to submit the relevant data to a national or international penal tribunal that may be convened to formally hear and judge the genocidal acts committed by the Khmer Rouge; and
"(4) to develop the United States proposal for the establishment of an international criminal tribunal for the prosecution of those accused of genocide in Cambodia.
"(c)
"(d)
"SEC. 574. REPORTING REQUIREMENT.
"(a)
"(1) that describes the activities of the Office, and sets forth new facts learned about past Khmer Rouge practices, during the preceding 6-month period; and
"(2) that describes the steps the President has taken during the preceding 6-month period to promote human rights, to support efforts to bring to justice the national political and military leadership of the Khmer Rouge, and to prevent the recurrence of human rights abuses in Cambodia through actions which are not related to United Nations activities in Cambodia.
"(b)
[Functions of President under section 574 of
Broadening Cultural, Geographic, and Ethnic Representation of Foreign Service and Department of State; Plan
"(a)
"(b)
"(2) Not later than January 1, 1991, the Secretary of State shall implement the plan provided for in paragraph (1)."
Prohibition on Use of Funds for Political Purposes
"(1) for publicity or propaganda purposes designed to support or defeat legislation pending before Congress;
"(2) to influence in any way the outcome of a political election in the United States; or
"(3) for any publicity or propaganda purposes not authorized by Congress."
Consular and Diplomatic Posts Abroad
Closing of Diplomatic and Consular Posts in Antigua and Barbuda
Closure of Mission in Antigua and Barbuda Not in United States Interests
Determination of the President of the United States, No. 88–9, Feb. 9, 1988, 53 F.R. 5749, provided:
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
In accordance with Section 123 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (
You are hereby authorized and directed to report this determination to the Congress, as required by law. This determination shall be published in the Federal Register.
Ronald Reagan.
Assignment of Drug Enforcement Administration Agents Abroad
Waiver of Provisions of Public Law 100–204 During Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989
Report to Congress on Soviet Breach of Duties Obligations to United States Diplomats or Missions
Responsibility of United States Missions To Promote Freedom of Press Abroad
"(a)
"(b)
"(1) allows foreign news correspondents into the country and does not subject them to harassment or restrictions;
"(2) allows nongovernment-owned press to operate in the country; and
"(3) does not subject the press in the country to systematic censorship."
Emergency Telephone Service at United States Consular Offices
Torture by Foreign Governments; United States Policy in Opposition; Implementation
"(1) to instruct the Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations to continue to raise the issue of torture practiced by governments; and
"(2) to continue to involve the United States Government in the formulation of international standards and effective implementing mechanisms, particularly the draft Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
"(b) In order to implement the policy expressed in the first section of this resolution, the Secretary of State is requested to issue formal instructions to each United States chief of mission regarding United States policy with respect to torture, including-
"(1) instructions-
"(A) to examine allegations of the practice of torture, particularly allegations concerning the existence of secret detention, extended incommunicado detention, and restrictions on access by family members, lawyers, and independent medical personnel to detainees; and
"(B) to forward such information as may be gathered, including information regarding any efforts made by the host government to reduce and eliminate the practice of torture, to the Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs for analysis in preparing the Department's annual country reports on human rights practices;
"(2) in the case of a chief of mission assigned to a country where torture is regularly practiced, instructions to report on a periodic basis as circumstances require to the Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs regarding efforts made by the respective United States diplomatic mission to implement United States policy with respect to combating torture;
"(3) instructions to meet with indigenous human rights monitoring groups knowledgeable about the practice of torture for the purpose of gathering information about such practice; and
"(4) instructions to express concern in individual cases of torture brought to the attention of a United States diplomatic mission including, whenever feasible, sending United States observers to trials when there is reason to believe that torture has been used against the accused.
"(c) The Secretary of Commerce should continue to enforce vigorously the current restrictions on the export of crime control equipment pursuant to the Export Administration Act of 1979 [50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.].
"(d) The heads of the appropriate departments of the United States Government that furnish military and law enforcement training to foreign personnel, particularly personnel from countries where the practice of torture has been a documented concern, shall include in such training, when relevant, instruction regarding international human rights standards and the policy of the United States with respect to torture."
[Except as otherwise provided, Secretary of State to have and exercise any authority vested by law in any official or office of Department of State and references to such officials or offices deemed to refer to Secretary of State or Department of State, as appropriate, see section 2651a of this title and section 161(d) of
United States Diplomatic Relations With the Vatican
Reopening Certain United States Consulates
"(b) None of the funds made available under this [
"(c) The consulates referred to in subsections (a) [section 103(a) of
United States Consulates
"(a) The following United States consulates shall not be closed or, if closed on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 15, 1979], shall be reopened as soon as possible after such date: Salzburg, Austria; Bremen, Germany; Nice, France; Turin, Italy; Goteborg, Sweden; Adana, Turkey; Tangier, Morocco; Mandalay, Burma; Brisbane, Australia; and Surabaya, Indonesia.
"(b) Personnel assigned to the consulates described in subsection (a) shall not be counted toward any personnel ceiling for the Department of State established by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget."
Action With Regard to International Journalistic Freedom
"(a) The Congress finds that-
"(1) news dissemination and the free flow of information across national boundaries are vital to international understanding and to healthy relations among countries; and
"(2) recurring and reliable reports strongly indicate that in many countries foreign news correspondents are subject to governmental harassment and restriction, including the denial of access to legitimate news sources, the imposition of censorship, and detention, incarceration, and expulsion.
"(b) It is therefore the sense of the Congress that the President should-
"(1) advise the appropriate officials of any foreign government which subjects foreign news correspondents to harassment and restrictions that the United States considers such mistreatment a significant and potentially damaging factor in overall relations of the United States with such country; and
"(2) raise in appropriate international forums the issue of the treatment of foreign news correspondents, with a view toward gaining multilateral support for the legitimate rights of such correspondents.
"(c) [Repealed.
Diplomatic Relations With Foreign Government Not Indication of Approval of Such Government