TITLE 23—HIGHWAYS

This title was enacted by Pub. L. 85–767, §1, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 885

        

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1602(e)(2), title V, 5201(a)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1248, 1780, added items for chapters 5 and 6 and struck out item for former chapter 5 "Research and Technology".

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5101(1), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 422, added item for chapter 5.

1966—Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §102(b)(3), Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 735, added item for chapter 4.

Table Showing Disposition of All Sections of Former Title 23

Title 23 Former Sections	Title 23 New Sections
1	Rep.
2	101
2a	101(a)
2b	101(a)
3	Rep.
3a	Rep.
3b	Rep.
4	Rep.
5	Rep.
6	103(b), (e), 105(c), 121(c)
6–1	103(c)
6a	103(d)
6a–1	105(d)
6a–2	310
6b	Rep.
6c	Rep.
7	110(a)
8	109(a)
8a	109(a), 112(a)
9	301
9a	129(a)
9a–1	Rep.
9b	129(a)
10	109(a)
10a	Rep.
10b	Rep.
10c	Rep.
11	Rep.
12	105(a), 106(a), (c), 121(d)
12a	121(c)
12b	Rep.
13	114(a)
13–1	112(b), (c)
13a	Rep.
13b	103(d)
14	121(a), (b), (e)
14a	Elim.
15	Rep.
16	Rep.
17	316
18	317(a)–(c)
19	315
20	Rep.
20a	Rep.
21	104(a), (b)(1)
21–1	307(a), (b)
21a	104(b), 105(a), 106(a), 114(a), 118(a), (c)
21a–1	Rep.
21a–2	Elim.
21b	Rep.
21c	311
21d	Rep.
21e	122
22	104(e)
23	101(a), 202(b), 204(a)–(c), 205(a)–(c)
23a	Rep.
23b	Rep.
23b–1	Rep.
23c	205(c)
24	Rep.
24a	109(e)
25	Rep.
26	Rep.
41	101(a), 105(e)
41a	101(a), 103(b)
41b	101(a), 103(b)
42	Rep.
43	Rep.
44	Rep.
45	Elim.
46	See T. 18 §1020
47–53	Rep.
54	Elim.
54a	Rep.
54b	Elim.
55	126
55a	Rep.
55b	126(b)
56	Rep.
57	314
58	Elim.
59	Elim.
59a	Rep.
60	103(d)
61	307(c)
62	318
63	109(d)
64	320(a)
65	320(b)
66	320(c)
67	320(d)
68	320(e)
69	320(f)
70	313
71	303(a)
72	303 note
73	303(a)
101	Rep.
101a	Rep.
102	Rep.
103	Rep.
104	Rep.
105	Rep.
106	210(a), (b)
107	Rep.
108	Rep.
109	Rep.
110	Rep.
111	Rep.
112	Rep.
113	Rep.
114	210(e)
115	308(a)
116	Rep.
117	312
151(a)	104 note
151(b), (c)	104(c), 117(a)–(c), 118(b)
152	204(f), 205(d)
153	206(a), 207(a), 208(a), (b)
154	209(a)
155	203
156	101(b), 103(f), 104(b)(1), 116(d), 119(a), (b), 120(h)
157	103(d)
158(a)	101(b)
158(b)	101 note
158(c)	104(b)(4)
158(d)	104(b)(5)
158(d)	104 note
158(e)	120(c)
158(f), (g)	118(c)
158(h)	115
158(i)	109(b)
158(j)	127
158(k)	307 note
159	107
160	108
161	124
162	123
163	111
164	129(b)–(d)
165	Elim.
166	113
167	101(b), 128(a), (b), 304
168	Elim.
169 (less last proviso)	Rep.
169 (last proviso)	Elim.
170	305
171	306
172	Rep.
173	120 note
174	307 note
175	Elim.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Citation

Pub. L 85–767, §1, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 885, provided in part that this title may be cited as "Title 23, United States Code, §—".

Repeals

Pub. L. 85–767, §2, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 919, repealed the sections or parts of sections of the Revised Statutes or Statutes at Large covering provisions codified in this title.

Construction

Pub. L. 85–767, §3, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 921, provided that:

"(a) If any provision of title 23, as enacted by section 1 of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the title and the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

"(b) The provisions of this Act shall be subject to Reorganization Plan Numbered 5 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1263) [set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees]."

Savings Provision

Pub. L. 85–767, §4, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 921, provided that: "Any rights or liabilities now existing under prior Acts or portions thereof shall not be affected by the repeal of such prior Acts or portions under section 2 of this Act."

Recodification of Title 23

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §357(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 625, provided that: "The Secretary [of Transportation] shall, by March 31, 1997, prepare and submit to Congress a draft legislative proposal of necessary technical and conforming amendments to title 23, United States Code, and related laws."

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1066, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2006, provided that the Secretary of Transportation was to have prepared, by Oct. 1, 1993, a proposed recodification of title 23, United States Code, and related laws for submission to Congress for consideration, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §357(b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 625.

¹ So in original. Does not conform to chapter heading.

CHAPTER 1—FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS

        

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–169, title VI, §§60501(b), 60505(b), 60506(b), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 2083, 2085, 2086, added items 177 to 179.

2021—Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §§11110(b), 11118(b), 11123(b)(2), 11123(c)(2), 11132(b), 11203(b), 11301(b), 11312(b), 11403(b), 11405(b), 11501(b), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 475, 495, 502, 505, 514, 520, 530, 539, 558, 575, 578, added items 124, 157, and 171 to 176, substituted "Nationally significant multimodal freight and highway projects" for "Nationally significant freight and highway projects" in item 117 and "Efficient environmental reviews for project decisionmaking and One Federal Decision" for "Efficient environmental reviews for project decisionmaking" in item 139, and struck out item 105 "Additional deposits into Highway Trust Fund".

2015—Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §§1105(b), 1109(c)(6)(A), 1116(b), 1403(b), 1413(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1337, 1344, 1356, 1409, 1418, substituted "Surface transportation block grant program" for "Surface transportation program" in item 133, "National highway freight program" for "National freight program" in item 167, and added items 105, 117, and 151.

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1446(d)(2)(B), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1438, amended section 1203(b) of Pub. L. 112–141, effective July 6, 2012, as if included in Pub. L. 112–141 as enacted. See 2012 Amendment note below.

2012—Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §§1104(c)(1), 1106(c), 1111(b), 1114(b)(1), 1115(b), 1202(b), 1203(b), 1310(b), 1311(b), 1509(b), 1515(b), 1519(c)(1)(A), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 427, 437, 450, 468, 472, 524, 526, 543, 545, 567, 574, 575, as amended by Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1446(d)(2)(B), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1438, substituted "National Highway System" for "Federal-aid systems" in item 103, struck out items 105 "Equity bonus program", 110 "Revenue aligned budget authority", and 117 "High priority projects program", substituted "National highway performance program" for "Interstate maintenance program" in item 119, struck out item 124 "Advances to States", substituted "Transferability of Federal-aid highway funds" for "Uniform transferability of Federal-aid highway funds" in item 126, "Statewide and nonmetropolitan transportation planning" for "Statewide transportation planning" in item 135, and "National bridge and tunnel inventory and inspection standards" for "Highway bridge program" in item 144, added item 150, struck out items 151 "National bridge inspection program", 155 "Access highways to public recreation areas on certain lakes", 157 "Safety incentive grants for use of seat belts", and 160 "Reimbursement for segments of the Interstate System constructed without Federal assistance", substituted "Territorial and Puerto Rico highway program" for "Puerto Rico highway program" in item 165, and added items 167 to 170.

2008—Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(m)(3)(C), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1576, struck out "replacement and rehabilitation" after "Highway bridge" in item 144.

2005—Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1801(b), title VI, §6002(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1456, 1865, which directed amendment of the analysis for "such subchapter" by adding items 139 and 147 and by striking out former item 147 "Priority primary routes", was executed by making the amendment to the analysis for this chapter which did not contain subchapters to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(e)(1). See below.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1602(b)(6)(A), (e)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1247, before item 101, struck out item for subchapter I "GENERAL PROVISIONS", and at end, struck out item for subchapter II "INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE", items 181 "Definitions", 182 "Determination of eligibility and project selection", 183 "Secured loans", 184 "Lines of credit", 185 "Program administration", 186 "State and local permits", 187 "Regulations", 188 "Funding", and 189 "Report to Congress", and subchapter I heading "GENERAL PROVISIONS".

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1104(b), 1120(b), 1121(b)(2), 1401(a)(2), 1601(i), title VI, §6001(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1165, 1192, 1196, 1225, 1243, 1857, added items 105, 134, 135, 148, 165, 166, and 185 and struck out former items 105 "Minimum guarantee", 134 "Metropolitan planning", 135 "Statewide planning", 148 "Development of a national scenic and recreational highway", and 185 "Project servicing".

1999—Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §102(b), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1753, struck out item 110 "Uniform transferability of Federal-aid highway funds", added item 126, and made technical amendment to item 163.

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1103(l)(5), 1226(d), 1405(b), 1406(b), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §§9002(c)(1), 9003(a), 9005(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 834, 837, 843, struck out item 126 "Diversion" and item 150 "Allocation of urban system funds", and added items 154 and 164.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1104(b), 1105(b), 1106(c)(2)(A), 1114(b)(1), 1203(n), 1219(b), 1301(d)(2), 1303(b), 1305(d), 1310(b), 1403(b), 1404(b), 1503(b), 1601(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 129, 131, 136, 154, 179, 221, 226, 227, 229, 235, 240, 241, 250, 256, added item for subchapter I, substituted "Minimum guarantee" for "Programs" in item 105, "Project approval and oversight" for "Plans, specifications, and estimates" in item 106, "Advance acquisition of real property" for "Advance acquisition of rights-of-way" in item 108, and "Revenue aligned budget authority" for "Project agreements" in item 110, added item 110 relating to uniform transferability of Federal-aid highway funds, substituted "High priority projects program" for "Certification acceptance" in item 117, made technical amendment to item 134, struck out item 139 "Additions to Interstate System", substituted "Highway use tax evasion projects" for "Economic growth center development highways" in item 143, "Proceeds from the sale or lease of real property" for "Income from airspace rights-of-way" in item 156, and "Safety incentive grants for use of seat belts" for "Minimum allocation" in item 157, added items 162 and 163, item for subchapter II, and items 181 to 189, and added subchapter I heading before section 101.

1995—Pub. L. 104–59, title II, §205(d)(2), title III, §§311(c), 320(b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 577, 584, 590, substituted "Payments" for "Payment" and "and other debt instrument financing" for "retirement" in item 122, struck out item 154 "National maximum speed limit", and added item 161.

1991—Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1007(a)(2), 1008(c), 1009(e)(2), 1014(b), 1016(f)(3), 1024(c)(1), 1025(b), 1031(a)(2), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1930, 1933, 1934, 1942, 1946, 1962, 1965, 1973, substituted "Program efficiencies" for "Authorizations" in item 102, substituted "maintenance program" for "System resurfacing" in item 119, added item 133, substituted "Metropolitan planning" for "Transportation planning in certain urban areas" in item 134, substituted "Statewide planning" for "Traffic operations improvement programs" in item 135, substituted "Congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program" for "Truck lanes" in item 149, and added items 153 and 160.

Pub. L. 102–143, title III, §333(b), (c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 947, added item 159 and repealed Pub. L. 101–516, §333(b), which added former item 159. See 1990 Amendment note below.

1990—Pub. L. 101–516, title III, §333(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2186, which added item 159, was repealed by Pub. L. 102–143, title III, §333(c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 947. Section 333(d) of Pub. L. 102–143 provided that the amendments made by section 333 of Pub. L. 101–516 shall be treated as having not been enacted into law.

1987—Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§113(d)(2), 114(e)(5), 125(b)(1), 126(b), 133(b)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 150, 153, 167, 171, substituted "Advance construction" for "Construction by States in advance of apportionment" in item 115, and "Availability of funds" for "Availability of sums apportioned" in item 118, struck out "and width" after "Vehicle weight" in item 127, substituted "Carpool and vanpool projects" for identical words in item 146, "National bridge inspection program" for "Pavement marking demonstration program" in item 151, and "Income from airspace rights-of-way" for "Highways crossing Federal projects" in item 156.

1984—Pub. L. 98–363, §6(b), July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 437, added item 158.

1983—Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §119(c), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2111, substituted "Nondiscrimination" for "Equal employment opportunity" in item 140.

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §150(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2132, added item 157.

1978—Pub. L. 95–599, §§116(c), 124(b), 168(c), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2699, 2705, 2723, substituted "Interstate System resurfacing" for "Repealed" in item 119, "Highway bridge replacement and rehabilitation program" for "Special bridge replacement program" in item 144, "Hazard elimination program" for "Projects for high-hazard locations" in item 152, and "Repealed" for "Program for the elimination of roadside obstacles" in item 153.

1976—Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §§123(b), 128(b), 132(b), 139, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 439–441, 443, substituted item 135 "Traffic operations improvement programs" for "Urban area traffic operations improvement programs"; substituted item 146 "Repealed" for "Special urban high density traffic programs"; added item 156 "Highways crossing Federal projects"; and substituted item lll "Agreements relating to use of and access to rights-of-way—Interstate System" for "Use of and access to rights-of-way—Interstate System" and substituted items 119 and 133 "Repealed" for "Administration of Federal-aid for highways in Alaska" and "Relocation assistance", respectively.

1975—Pub. L. 93–643, §§107(b), 114(b), 115(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2284, 2286, 2287, substituted item 141 reading "Enforcement of requirements" for prior text reading "Real property acquisition policies", and added items 154 and 155.

1973—Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§116(b), 121(b), 123(b), 125(b), 126(b), 129(c), 142(b), 157(b), title II, §§205(b), 209(b), 210(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 258, 261, 263, 264, 266, 272, 278, 285, 287, 288, substituted "Certification acceptance" for "Secondary road responsibilities" in item 117, "Public transportation" for "Urban highway public transportation" in item 142, and added items 145 to 153.

1970—Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§111(b), 127(b), 134(b), title II, §204(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1720, 1731, 1734, 1742, added items 142, 143, 144, and substituted "Fringe and corridor parking facilities" for "Limitation on authorization of appropriations for certain purposes" in item 137.

1968—Pub. L. 90–495, §§10(b), 12(b), 16(b), 22(b), 25(c), 35(b), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 820, 822, 823, 827, 829, 836, added items 135, 139, 140, and 141 and substituted "Prevailing rate of wage" for "Prevailing rate of wage—Interstate System" in item 113 and "Construction by States in advance of apportionment" for "Construction by States in advance of apportionment—Interstate System" in item 115.

1966—Pub. L. 89–574, §§8(c)(2), 15(b), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 769, 771, added items 137 and 138.

Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §102(b)(1), Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 734, struck out item 135 relating to highway safety programs.

1965—Pub. L. 89–285, title I, §102, title II, §202, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1030, 1032, substituted "Control of outdoor advertising" for "Areas adjacent to the Interstate System" in item 131, and added item 136.

Pub. L. 89–139, §4(b), Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 579, added item 135.

1962—Pub. L. 87–866, §§5(b), 9(b), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1147, 1148, added items 133 and 134.

1960—Pub. L. 86–657, §§4(b), 5(b), July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 523, included ferries in item 129 and added item 132.

§101. Definitions and declaration of policy

(a) Definitions.—In this title, the following definitions apply:

(1) Apportionment.—The term "apportionment" includes unexpended apportionments made under prior authorization laws.

(2) Asset management.—The term "asset management" means a strategic and systematic process of operating, maintaining, and improving physical assets, with a focus on both engineering and economic analysis based upon quality information, to identify a structured sequence of maintenance, preservation, repair, rehabilitation, and replacement actions that will achieve and sustain a desired state of good repair over the lifecycle of the assets at minimum practicable cost.

(3) Carpool project.—The term "carpool project" means any project to encourage the use of carpools and vanpools, including provision of carpooling opportunities to the elderly and individuals with disabilities, systems for locating potential riders and informing them of carpool opportunities, acquiring vehicles for carpool use, designating existing highway lanes as preferential carpool highway lanes, providing related traffic control devices, designating existing facilities for use for preferential parking for carpools, and real-time ridesharing projects, such as projects where drivers, using an electronic transfer of funds, recover costs directly associated with the trip provided through the use of location technology to quantify those direct costs, subject to the condition that the cost recovered does not exceed the cost of the trip provided.

(4) Construction.—The term "construction" means the supervising, inspecting, actual building, and incurrence of all costs incidental to the construction or reconstruction of a highway or any project eligible for assistance under this title, including bond costs and other costs relating to the issuance in accordance with section 122 of bonds or other debt financing instruments and costs incurred by the State in performing Federal-aid project related audits that directly benefit the Federal-aid highway program. Such term includes—

(A) preliminary engineering, engineering, and design-related services directly relating to the construction of a highway project, including engineering, design, project development and management, construction project management and inspection, surveying, assessing resilience, mapping (including the establishment of temporary and permanent geodetic control in accordance with specifications of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), and architectural-related services;

(B) reconstruction, resurfacing, restoration, rehabilitation, and preservation;

(C) acquisition of rights-of-way;

(D) relocation assistance, acquisition of replacement housing sites, and acquisition and rehabilitation, relocation, and construction of replacement housing;

(E) elimination of hazards of railway-highway grade crossings;

(F) elimination of roadside hazards;

(G) improvements that directly facilitate and control traffic flow, such as grade separation of intersections, widening of lanes, channelization of traffic, traffic control systems, and passenger loading and unloading areas;

(H) improvements that reduce the number of wildlife-vehicle collisions, such as wildlife crossing structures; and

(I) capital improvements that directly facilitate an effective vehicle weight enforcement program, such as scales (fixed and portable), scale pits, scale installation, and scale houses.

(5) County.—The term "county" includes corresponding units of government under any other name in States that do not have county organizations and, in those States in which the county government does not have jurisdiction over highways, any local government unit vested with jurisdiction over local highways.

(6) Federal-aid highway.—The term "Federal-aid highway" means a public highway eligible for assistance under this chapter other than a highway functionally classified as a local road or rural minor collector.

(7) Federal lands access transportation facility.—The term "Federal Lands access transportation facility" means a public highway, road, bridge, trail, or transit system that is located on, is adjacent to, or provides access to Federal lands for which title or maintenance responsibility is vested in a State, county, town, township, tribal, municipal, or local government.

(8) Federal lands transportation facility.—The term "Federal lands transportation facility" means a public highway, road, bridge, trail, or transit system that is located on, is adjacent to, or provides access to Federal lands for which title and maintenance responsibility is vested in the Federal Government, and that appears on the national Federal lands transportation facility inventory described in section 203(c).

(9) Forest development roads and trails.—The term "forest development roads and trails" means forest roads and trails under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service.

(10) Forest road or trail.—The term "forest road or trail" means a road or trail wholly or partly within, or adjacent to, and serving the National Forest System that is necessary for the protection, administration, and utilization of the National Forest System and the use and development of its resources.

(11) Highway.—The term "highway" includes—

(A) a road, street, and parkway;

(B) a right-of-way, bridge, railroad-highway crossing, tunnel, drainage structure including public roads on dams, sign, guardrail, and protective structure, in connection with a highway; and

(C) a portion of any interstate or international bridge or tunnel and the approaches thereto, the cost of which is assumed by a State transportation department, including such facilities as may be required by the United States Customs and Immigration Services in connection with the operation of an international bridge or tunnel.

(12) Interstate System.—The term "Interstate System" means the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways described in section 103(c).

(13) Maintenance.—The term "maintenance" means the preservation of the entire highway, including surface, shoulders, roadsides, structures, and such traffic-control devices as are necessary for safe and efficient utilization of the highway.

(14) Maintenance area.—The term "maintenance area" means an area that was designated as an air quality nonattainment area, but was later redesignated by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency as an air quality attainment area, under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d)).

(15) National highway freight network.—The term "National Highway Freight Network" means the National Highway Freight Network established under section 167.

(16) National Highway System.—The term "National Highway System" means the Federal-aid highway system described in section 103(b).

(17) Natural infrastructure.—The term "natural infrastructure" means infrastructure that uses, restores, or emulates natural ecological processes and—

(A) is created through the action of natural physical, geological, biological, and chemical processes over time;

(B) is created by human design, engineering, and construction to emulate or act in concert with natural processes; or

(C) involves the use of plants, soils, and other natural features, including through the creation, restoration, or preservation of vegetated areas using materials appropriate to the region to manage stormwater and runoff, to attenuate flooding and storm surges, and for other related purposes.

(18) Operating costs for traffic monitoring, management, and control.—The term "operating costs for traffic monitoring, management, and control" includes labor costs, administrative costs, costs of utilities and rent, and other costs associated with the continuous operation of traffic control, such as integrated traffic control systems, incident management programs, and traffic control centers.

(19) Operational improvement.—The term "operational improvement"—

(A) means (i) a capital improvement for installation of traffic surveillance and control equipment, computerized signal systems, motorist information systems, integrated traffic control systems, incident management programs, and transportation demand management facilities, strategies, and programs, and (ii) such other capital improvements to public roads as the Secretary may designate, by regulation; and

(B) does not include resurfacing, restoring, or rehabilitating improvements, construction of additional lanes, interchanges, and grade separations, and construction of a new facility on a new location.

(20) Project.—The term "project" means any undertaking eligible for assistance under this title.

(21) Project agreement.—The term "project agreement" means the formal instrument to be executed by the Secretary and the recipient as required by section 106.

(22) Public authority.—The term "public authority" means a Federal, State, county, town, or township, Indian tribe, municipal or other local government or instrumentality with authority to finance, build, operate, or maintain toll or toll-free facilities.

(23) Public road.—The term "public road" means any road or street under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a public authority and open to public travel.

(24) Resilience.—The term "resilience", with respect to a project, means a project with the ability to anticipate, prepare for, or adapt to conditions or withstand, respond to, or recover rapidly from disruptions, including the ability—

(A)(i) to resist hazards or withstand impacts from weather events and natural disasters; or

(ii) to reduce the magnitude or duration of impacts of a disruptive weather event or natural disaster on a project; and

(B) to have the absorptive capacity, adaptive capacity, and recoverability to decrease project vulnerability to weather events or other natural disasters.

(25) Rural areas.—The term "rural areas" means all areas of a State not included in urban areas.

(26) Safety improvement project.—The term "safety improvement project" means a strategy, activity, or project on a public road that is consistent with the State strategic highway safety plan and corrects or improves a roadway feature that constitutes a hazard to road users or addresses a highway safety problem.

(27) Secretary.—The term "Secretary" means Secretary of Transportation.

(28) State.—The term "State" means any of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico.

(29) State funds.—The term "State funds" includes funds raised under the authority of the State or any political or other subdivision thereof, and made available for expenditure under the direct control of the State transportation department.

(30) State strategic highway safety plan.—The term "State strategic highway safety plan" has the same meaning given such term in section 148(a).

(31) State transportation department.—The term "State transportation department" means that department, commission, board, or official of any State charged by its laws with the responsibility for highway construction.

(32) Transportation systems management and operations.—

(A) In general.—The term "transportation systems management and operations" means integrated strategies to optimize the performance of existing infrastructure through—

(i) the implementation of multimodal and intermodal, cross-jurisdictional systems, services, and projects designed to preserve capacity and improve security, safety, and reliability of the transportation system; and

(ii) the consideration of incorporating natural infrastructure.

(B) Inclusions.—The term "transportation systems management and operations" includes—

(i) actions such as traffic detection and surveillance, corridor management, freeway management, arterial management, active transportation and demand management, work zone management, emergency management, traveler information services, congestion pricing, parking management, automated enforcement, traffic control, commercial vehicle operations, freight management, and coordination of highway, rail, transit, bicycle, and pedestrian operations; and

(ii) coordination of the implementation of regional transportation system management and operations investments (such as traffic incident management, traveler information services, emergency management, roadway weather management, intelligent transportation systems, communication networks, and information sharing systems) requiring agreements, integration, and interoperability to achieve targeted system performance, reliability, safety, and customer service levels.

(33) Tribal transportation facility.—The term "tribal transportation facility" means a public highway, road, bridge, trail, or transit system that is located on or provides access to tribal land and appears on the national tribal transportation facility inventory described in section 202(b)(1).

(34) Truck stop electrification system.—The term "truck stop electrification system" means a system that delivers heat, air conditioning, electricity, or communications to a heavy-duty vehicle.

(35) Urban area.—The term "urban area" means an urbanized area or, in the case of an urbanized area encompassing more than one State, that part of the urbanized area in each such State, or urban place as designated by the Bureau of the Census having a population of 5,000 or more and not within any urbanized area, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary. Such boundaries shall encompass, at a minimum, the entire urban place designated by the Bureau of the Census, except in the case of cities in the State of Maine and in the State of New Hampshire.

(36) Urbanized area.—The term "urbanized area" means an area with a population of 50,000 or more designated by the Bureau of the Census, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary. Such boundaries shall encompass, at a minimum, the entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the Census.

(b) Declaration of Policy.—

(1) Acceleration of construction of federal-aid highway systems.—Congress declares that it is in the national interest to accelerate the construction of Federal-aid highway systems, including the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, because many of the highways (or portions of the highways) are inadequate to meet the needs of local and interstate commerce for the national and civil defense.

(2) Completion of interstate system.—Congress declares that the prompt and early completion of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (referred to in this section as the "Interstate System"), so named because of its primary importance to the national defense, is essential to the national interest. It is the intent of Congress that the Interstate System be completed as nearly as practicable over the period of availability of the forty years' appropriations authorized for the purpose of expediting its construction, reconstruction, or improvement, inclusive of necessary tunnels and bridges, through the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (70 Stat. 374), and that the entire system in all States be brought to simultaneous completion. Insofar as possible in consonance with this objective, existing highways located on an interstate route shall be used to the extent that such use is practicable, suitable, and feasible, it being the intent that local needs, to the extent practicable, suitable, and feasible, shall be given equal consideration with the needs of interstate commerce.

(3) Transportation needs of 21st century.—Congress declares that—

(A) it is in the national interest to preserve and enhance the surface transportation system to meet the needs of the United States for the 21st Century;

(B) the current urban and long distance personal travel and freight movement demands have surpassed the original forecasts and travel demand patterns are expected to continue to change;

(C) continued planning for and investment in surface transportation is critical to ensure the surface transportation system adequately meets the changing travel demands of the future;

(D) among the foremost needs that the surface transportation system must meet to provide for a strong and vigorous national economy are safe, efficient, resilient, and reliable—

(i) national and interregional personal mobility (including personal mobility in rural and urban areas) and reduced congestion;

(ii) flow of interstate and international commerce and freight transportation; and

(iii) travel movements essential for national security;

(E) special emphasis should be devoted to providing safe and efficient access for the type and size of commercial and military vehicles that access designated National Highway System intermodal freight terminals;

(F) the connection between land use and infrastructure is significant;

(G) transportation should play a significant role in promoting economic growth, improving the environment, and sustaining the quality of life; and

(H) the Secretary should take appropriate actions to preserve and enhance the Interstate System to meet the needs of the 21st Century.

(4) Expedited project delivery.—

(A) In general.—Congress declares that it is in the national interest to expedite the delivery of surface transportation projects by substantially reducing the average length of the environmental review process.

(B) Policy of the united states.—Accordingly, it is the policy of the United States that—

(i) the Secretary shall have the lead role among Federal agencies in carrying out the environmental review process for surface transportation projects;

(ii) each Federal agency shall cooperate with the Secretary to expedite the environmental review process for surface transportation projects;

(iii) project sponsors shall not be prohibited from carrying out preconstruction project development activities concurrently with the environmental review process;

(iv) programmatic approaches shall be used to reduce the need for project-by-project reviews and decisions by Federal agencies; and

(v) the Secretary shall identify opportunities for project sponsors to assume responsibilities of the Secretary where such responsibilities can be assumed in a manner that protects public health, the environment, and public participation.

(c) It is the sense of Congress that under existing law no part of any sums authorized to be appropriated for expenditure upon any Federal-aid highway which has been apportioned pursuant to the provisions of this title shall be impounded or withheld from obligation, for purposes and projects as provided in this title, by any officer or employee in the executive branch of the Federal Government, except such specific sums as may be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, are necessary to be withheld from obligation for specific periods of time to assure that sufficient amounts will be available in the Highway Trust Fund to defray the expenditures which will be required to be made from such fund.

(d) No funds authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund shall be expended by or on behalf of any Federal department, agency, or instrumentality other than the Federal Highway Administration unless funds for such expenditure are identified and included as a line item in an appropriation Act and are to meet obligations of the United States heretofore or hereafter incurred under this title attributable to the construction of Federal-aid highways or highway planning, research, or development, or as otherwise specifically authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund by Federal-aid highway legislation.

(e) It is the national policy that to the maximum extent possible the procedures to be utilized by the Secretary and all other affected heads of Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities for carrying out this title and any other provision of law relating to the Federal highway programs shall encourage the substantial minimization of paperwork and interagency decision procedures and the best use of available manpower and funds so as to prevent needless duplication and unnecessary delays at all levels of government.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 885; Pub. L. 86–70, §21(e)(1), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 146; Pub. L. 86–624, §17(a), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 87–866, §6(a), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1147; Pub. L. 88–423, §3, Aug. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 89–574, §4(a), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 767; Pub. L. 90–495, §§4(a), 8, 15, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 816, 819, 822; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§104(a), 106(a), 107, 117(d), 130, 141, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1714, 1716, 1718, 1724, 1732, 1737; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§105, 106(a), 107, 108, 152(1), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 253–255, 276; Pub. L. 93–643, §102(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2281; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §§107(a), 108, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 430, 431; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §106, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2693; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §§126(c), 159, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2115, 2135; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§102(b)(3), 108, 109, 133(b)(2), (3), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 135, 146, 171; Pub. L. 101–427, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 927; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1001(g), 1005, 1006(g)(1), 1007(c), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1916, 1922, 1927, 1931; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §§301(b), 311(b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 578, 583; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1201, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 164; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1122, 1909(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1196, 1470; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(h), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1574; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §§1103, 1301(c), 1501, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 419, 528, 560; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1103, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1328; Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §§11103, 11123(a), 11525(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 453, 499, 607.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (70 Stat. 374), referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is section 108(b) of act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, 70 Stat. 378, which is set out below.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §11103(1)(A), inserted "assessing resilience," after "surveying,".

Subsec. (a)(4)(H), (I). Pub. L. 117–58, §11103(1)(B)–(D), added subpar. (H) and redesignated former subpar. (H) as (I).

Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 117–58, §11103(3), added par. (17). Former par. (17) redesignated (18).

Subsec. (a)(18) to (23). Pub. L. 117–58, §11103(2), redesignated pars. (17) to (22) as (18) to (23), respectively. Former par. (23) redesignated (25).

Subsec. (a)(24). Pub. L. 117–58, §11103(4), added par. (24). Former par. (24) redesignated (26).

Subsec. (a)(25) to (32). Pub. L. 117–58, §11103(2), redesignated pars. (23) to (30) as (25) to (32), respectively. Former par. (32) redesignated (34).

Subsec. (a)(32)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §11103(5), inserted dash after "through" and cl. (i) designation before "the implementation", substituted "; and" for period at end of cl. (i), and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (a)(33) to (36). Pub. L. 117–58, §11103(2), redesignated pars. (31) to (34) as (33) to (36), respectively.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, §11525(a), inserted "Highways" after "Defense".

Subsec. (b)(3)(D). Pub. L. 117–58, §11123(a), inserted "resilient," after "efficient," in introductory provisions.

2015—Subsec. (a)(15) to (29). Pub. L. 114–94 added par. (15), redesignated pars. (15) to (28) as (16) to (29), respectively, and struck out former par. (29) which defined transportation alternatives.

2012—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(3), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–141, §§1103(a)(2), 1501, redesignated par. (2) as (3) and substituted "designating existing facilities for use for preferential parking for carpools, and real-time ridesharing projects, such as projects where drivers, using an electronic transfer of funds, recover costs directly associated with the trip provided through the use of location technology to quantify those direct costs, subject to the condition that the cost recovered does not exceed the cost of the trip provided" for "and designating existing facilities for use for preferential parking for carpools". Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), (4)(A), redesignated par. (3) as (4) and inserted "or any project eligible for assistance under this title" after "reconstruction of a highway" in introductory provisions. Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(4)(B), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: "locating, surveying, and mapping (including the establishment of temporary and permanent geodetic markers in accordance with specifications of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the Department of Commerce);".

Subsec. (a)(4)(B). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(4)(C), inserted "reconstruction," before "resurfacing," and substituted "rehabilitation, and preservation" for "and rehabilitation".

Subsec. (a)(4)(E). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(4)(D), substituted "railway-highway" for "railway".

Subsec. (a)(4)(F). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(4)(E), substituted "hazards" for "obstacles".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), redesignated par. (4) as (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), (5), redesignated par. (5) as (6) and inserted "public" before "highway eligible" and "functionally" before "classified".

Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(1), struck out par. (6). Text read as follows: "The term 'Federal-aid system' means any of the Federal-aid highway systems described in section 103."

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(1), (6), added par. (7) and struck out former par. (7). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'Federal lands highway' means a forest highway, public lands highway, park road, parkway, refuge road, and Indian reservation road that is a public road."

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(6), added par. (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (9).

Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (8) as (9) and struck out former par. (9). Prior to amendment, text of par. (9) read as follows: "The term 'forest highway' means a forest road under the jurisdiction of, and maintained by, a public authority and open to public travel."

Subsec. (a)(11)(B). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(7), inserted "including public roads on dams" after "drainage structure".

Subsec. (a)(12). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (13) as (12) and struck out former par. (12) which defined Indian reservation road.

Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), redesignated par. (14) as (13). Former par. (13) redesignated (12).

Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), (8), redesignated par. (15) as (14), substituted "as an air quality" for "as a", and inserted "air quality" before "attainment area". Former par. (14) redesignated (13).

Subsec. (a)(15) to (17). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), redesignated pars. (16) to (18) as (15) to (17), respectively. Former par. (15) redesignated (14).

Subsec. (a)(18). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), (9), redesignated par. (21) as (18) and substituted "any undertaking" for "an undertaking to construct a particular portion of a highway, or if the context so implies, the particular portion of a highway so constructed or any other undertaking". Former par. (18) redesignated (17).

Subsec. (a)(19). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), (10), redesignated par. (22) as (19) and substituted "the Secretary and the recipient" for "the State transportation department and the Secretary".

Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(1), struck out par. (19). Text read as follows: "The term 'park road' means a public road, including a bridge built primarily for pedestrian use, but with capacity for use by emergency vehicles, that is located within, or provides access to, an area in the National Park System with title and maintenance responsibilities vested in the United States."

Subsec. (a)(20). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (23) as (20) and struck out former par. (20). Prior to amendment, text of par. (20) read as follows: "The term 'parkway', as used in chapter 2 of this title, means a parkway authorized by Act of Congress on lands to which title is vested in the United States."

Subsec. (a)(21). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), redesignated par. (27) as (21). Former par. (21) redesignated (18).

Subsec. (a)(22). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), redesignated par. (29) as (22). Former par. (22) redesignated (19).

Subsec. (a)(23). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(11), added par. (23) and struck out former par. (23). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'safety improvement project' means a project that corrects or improves high hazard locations, eliminates roadside obstacles, improves highway signing and pavement marking, installs priority control systems for emergency vehicles at signalized intersections, installs or replaces emergency motorist aid call boxes, or installs traffic control or warning devices at locations with high accident potential."

Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), redesignated par. (30) as (23). Former par. (23) redesignated (20).

Subsec. (a)(24). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (31) as (24) and struck out former par. (24). Prior to amendment, text of par. (24) read as follows: "The term 'public lands development roads and trails' means those roads and trails that the Secretary of the Interior determines are of primary importance for the development, protection, administration, and utilization of public lands and resources under the control of the Secretary of the Interior."

Subsec. (a)(25), (26). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated pars. (32) and (33) as (25) and (26), respectively, and struck out former pars. (25) and (26) which defined public lands highway and public lands highways, respectively.

Subsec. (a)(27). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(12), added par. (27). Former par. (27) redesignated (21).

Subsec. (a)(28). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (34) as (28) and struck out former par. (28). Prior to amendment, text of par. (28) read as follows: "The term 'refuge road' means a public road that provides access to or within a unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System and for which title and maintenance responsibility is vested in the United States Government."

Subsec. (a)(29). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(13), added par. (29) and struck out former par. (29) which defined transportation enhancement activity.

Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), redesignated par. (35) as (29). Former par. (29) redesignated (22).

Subsec. (a)(30) to (32). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), (14), added pars. (30) to (32) and redesignated former pars. (30) to (32) as (23) to (25), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(33) to (37). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(2), redesignated pars. (33) to (37) as (26), (28), (29), (33), and (34), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(38), (39). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(a)(1), struck out pars. (38) and (39) which defined advanced truck stop electrification system and transportation systems management and operations, respectively.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 112–141, §1301(c), added par. (4).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–141, §1103(b), substituted "Federal-aid highway" for "Federal-aid system".

2008—Subsec. (a)(39). Pub. L. 110–244 added par. (39).

2005—Subsec. (a)(35). Pub. L. 109–59, §1122(a), amended heading and text of par. (35) generally, substituting introductory provisions and subpars. (A) to (L) defining "Transportation enhancement activity" for substantially identical undesignated provisions defining "Transportation enhancement activities".

Subsec. (a)(38). Pub. L. 109–59, §1122(b), added par. (38).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §1909(a), inserted subsec. heading, substituted heading and text of par. (1) for first undesignated par. relating to declaration that it was in the national interest to accelerate the construction of the Federal-aid highway systems, designated second undesignated par. as par. (2), inserted heading, and substituted "Congress declares that the prompt and early completion of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (referred to in this section as the 'Interstate System'), so named because of its primary importance to the national defense, is essential to the national interest" for "It is hereby declared that the prompt and early completion of The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways, so named because of its primary importance to the national defense and hereafter referred to as the 'Interstate System', is essential to the national interest and is one of the most important objectives of this Act", and substituted heading and text of par. (3) for third undesignated par. relating to the national policy that increased emphasis be placed on the construction and reconstruction of the other Federal-aid systems.

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178 inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (a) generally, alphabetizing, numbering, and inserting headings for terms defined, inserting definitions of "maintenance area" and "refuge road", and substituting definition of "State transportation department" for definition of "State highway department".

1995—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–59, §311(b), in first sentence of definition of "construction", inserted "bond costs and other costs relating to the issuance in accordance with section 122 of bonds or other debt financing instruments," after "highway, including".

Pub. L. 104–59, §301(b)(1), in definition of "project", inserted before period at end "or any other undertaking eligible for assistance under this title".

Pub. L. 104–59, §301(b)(2), added provision defining "operating costs for traffic monitoring, management, and control" and struck out former provision defining "startup costs for traffic management and control" which read as follows: "The term 'startup costs for traffic management and control' means initial costs (including labor costs, administration costs, cost of utilities, and rent) for integrated traffic control systems, incident management programs, and traffic control centers."

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(g)(1), added provision defining "Federal-aid highways" and struck out former provision which read as follows: "The term 'Federal-aid highways' means highways located on one of the Federal-aid systems described in section 103 of this title."

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(a), in definition of "highway safety improvement project", inserted "installs priority control systems for emergency vehicles at signalized intersections" after "marking,".

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(d)(3), in definition of "Indian reservation roads", struck out ", including roads on the Federal-aid systems," after "public roads".

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(d)(4), in definition of "park road", inserted ", including a bridge built primarily for pedestrian use, but with capacity for use by emergency vehicles" before "that is located".

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(b), inserted provision defining "urbanized area" and struck out former provision which read as follows: "The term 'urbanized area' means an area so designated by the Bureau of the Census, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary. Such boundaries shall, as a minimum, encompass the entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the Census."

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(c), inserted provision defining "National Highway System" and struck out former provision defining "Federal-aid primary system" which read as follows: "The term 'Federal-aid primary system' means the Federal-aid highway system described in subsection (b) of section 103 of this title."

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(d)(1), (2), struck out provisions defining "Federal-aid secondary system" and "Federal-aid urban system" which read as follows:

"The term 'Federal-aid secondary system' means the Federal-aid highway system described in subsection (c) of section 103 of this title.

"The term 'Federal-aid urban system' means the Federal-aid highway system described in subsection (d) of section 103 of this title."

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(e), in definition of "Interstate System", inserted "Dwight D. Eisenhower" before "National".

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(g), inserted provisions defining "start-up costs for traffic management and control", "carpool project", "public authority" and "public lands highway".

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(f), inserted provision defining "operational improvement".

Pub. L. 102–240, §1007(c), inserted provision defining "transportation enhancement activities".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §1001(g), substituted "forty" for "thirty-seven" and "1996" for "1993" in second par.

1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–427 substituted "The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways" for "the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways" in first two pars.

1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–17, §108, in definition of "construction", inserted "elimination of roadside obstacles," after "grade crossings,".

Pub. L. 100–17, §133(b)(2), substituted definition of "forest road or trail" for "forest or trail".

Pub. L. 100–17, §109, in definition of "highway safety improvement project", inserted "installs or replaces emergency motorist-aid call boxes," after "pavement marking,".

Pub. L. 100–17, §133(b)(3), amended definition of "park road" generally. Prior to amendment, definition read as follows: "The term 'park road' means a public road that is located within or provides access to an area in the national park system."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–17, §102(b)(3), substituted "thirty-seven years' " for "thirty-four years' " and "1993" for "1990" in second par.

1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424, §126(c)(1), substituted provision that "park road" means a public road that is located within or provides access to an area in the national park system, for provision that "park roads and trails" means those roads or trails, including the necessary bridges, located in national parks or monuments, now or hereafter established, or in other areas administered by the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior (excluding parkways authorized by Acts of Congress) and also including approach roads to national parks or monuments authorized by the Act of January 31, 1931 (46 Stat. 1053), as amended.

Pub. L. 97–424, §126(c)(2), substituted "The term 'Indian reservation roads' means public roads, including roads" for "The term 'Indian reservation roads and bridges' means roads and bridges, including roads and bridges" before "on the Federal-aid systems".

Pub. L. 97–424, §126(c)(3), inserted provision defining "Federal lands highways".

Pub. L. 97–424, §159, in definition of "construction", inserted provision that it also includes costs incurred by the State in performing Federal-aid project related audits which directly benefit the Federal-aid highway program.

1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–599, §106(a), in definition of "construction" inserted provision relating to capital improvements.

Pub. L. 95–599, §106(b)(1), in definition of "forest road or trail", inserted provisions requiring contingency or service to the National Forest System and necessity for the protection, administration, and utilization thereof.

Pub. L. 95–599, §106(b)(2), defined "forest development roads or trails" in terms of a forest road or trail under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service rather than in terms of a forest road or trail of primary importance for the protection, administration, and utilization of the national forest or other areas under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service.

Pub. L. 95–599, §106(b)(3), defined "forest highway" in terms of a forest road under the jurisdiction of, and maintained by, a public authority and open to public travel rather than in terms of a forest road which is of primary importance to the States, counties, or communities contingent to national forests and which is a Federal-aid system.

Pub. L. 95–599, §106(b)(4), inserted definition of "highway safety improvement project".

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–280, §108, defined "construction" to include resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation and "urban area" to exclude cities in the States of Maine and New Hampshire and inserted definition of "public road".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–280, §107(a), substituted provision for completion of the Interstate System over a thirty-four year period, through the fiscal year ending September 30, 1990, for a prior provision for such completion over a twenty-three period, through the fiscal year ending June 30, 1979.

1975—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–643 defined "Indian reservation roads and bridges" to include roads and bridges on the Federal-aid systems.

1973—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87, §105(1), in definition of "construction", substituted "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" for "Coast and Geodetic Survey" and extended definition to include improvements which directly facilitate and control traffic flow, such as grade separation of intersections, widening of lanes, channelization of traffic, traffic control systems, and passenger loading and unloading areas.

Pub. L. 93–87, §105(3), in definition of "Indian reservation roads and bridges", substituted "approval of the Federal Government, or Indian and Alaska Native villages, groups, or communities in which Indians and Alaskan Natives reside, whom the Secretary of the Interior has determined are eligible for services generally available to Indians under Federal laws specifically applicable to Indians" for "approval of the Federal Government on which Indians reside whom the Secretary of the Interior has determined to be eligible for services generally available to Indians under Federal laws specifically applicable to Indians".

Pub. L. 93–87, §152(1), in definition of "Secretary", substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "Secretary of Commerce".

Pub. L. 93–87, §105(4), in definition of "urbanized area", provided for boundaries of the "urbanized area" to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary, and required such boundaries, as a minimum, to encompass the entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the Census.

Pub. L. 93–87, §105(2), in definition of "urban area", substituted "an urbanized area or, in the case of an urbanized area encompassing more than one State, that part of the urbanized area in each such State, or an urban place as designated by the Bureau of the Census having a population of five thousand or more and not within any urbanized area, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary" for "an area including and adjacent to a municipality or other urban place having a population of five thousand or more, as determined by the latest available Federal census, within boundaries to be fixed by a State highway department subject to the approval of the Secretary", and required such boundaries, as a minimum, to encompass the entire urban place designated by the Bureau of the Census.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–87, §§106(a), 107, extended time for completion of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, substituting in second par. "twenty-three years" and "June 30, 1979" for "twenty years" and "June 30, 1976", and inserted third par. declaratory of national policy, since the Interstate System is now in the final phase of completion, that increased emphasis be placed on the construction and reconstruction of the other Federal-aid systems in accordance with the first par. of subsec. (b), in order to bring all of the Federal-aid systems up to standards and to increase the safety of these systems to the maximum extent.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–87, §108, added subsec. (e).

1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–605, §§106(a), 117(d), 130, 141, inserted definitions of "urbanized area" and "Federal-aid urban system", substituted "subsection (e)" for "subsection (d)" in definition of "Interstate System", included within the costs of construction, under the definition of "construction", relocation assistance, acquisition of replacement housing sites, acquisition, and rehabilitation, relocation, and construction of replacement housing, and substituted "acquisition" for "costs" of rights-of-way, broadened definition of "Indian reservation roads and bridges" to include roads and bridges on State controlled Indian reservations, trust lands, and restricted Indian lands, a well as roads and bridges on such lands under Federal control, and inserted in definitions of "forest highway" and "public lands highways" provisions to ensure that these highways be on the Federal-aid systems.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–605, §104(a), substituted "twenty years" for "eighteen years" and "June 30, 1976" for "June 30, 1974".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–605, §107, substituted "any officer or employee in the executive branch of the Federal Government" for "any officer or employee of any department, agency, or instrumentality of the executive branch of the Federal Government" and "Highway Trust Fund" for "highway trust fund".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–605, §107, substituted provisions prohibiting expenditure of funds from the Highway Trust Fund by any department other than the Federal Highway Administration unless these funds are identified and included as a line item in an appropriation Act and are to meet obligations incurred under this title attributable to the construction of Federal aid highways or for planning, research, or development, or as otherwise specifically authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund by Federal-aid highway legislation for provisions expressing essentially the same prohibitions but permitting expenditures to meet obligations incurred under this title attributable to Federal-aid highways, and contracted for in accordance with the Act of March 4, 1915, as amended [section 686 of Title 31, Money and Finance], relating to work or services not usually performed by the Federal Highway Administration, or relating to the furnishing of materials, supplies or equipment, and expenditures specifically identified in the budget and included in an appropriation Act.

1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–495, §8, inserted "and other areas administered by the Forest Service" after "national forests" and "national forest" in definitions of "forest road or trail" and "forest development roads and trails".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–495, §4(a), substituted a reference to "eighteen years' appropriation" for reference to "sixteen years' appropriation" and substituted "June 30, 1974" for "June 30, 1972".

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 90–495, §15, added subsecs. (c) and (d).

1966—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–574 substituted a reference to "sixteen years' appropriation" for reference to "fifteen years' appropriation" and substituted "June 30, 1972" for "June 30, 1971".

1964—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–423 substituted "fifteen years" for "thirteen years" and "June 30, 1971" for "June 30, 1969".

1962—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–866 inserted definition of "public lands development roads and trails".

1960—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–624 substituted "fifty States, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico" for "forty-nine States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico" in definition of "State".

1959—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–70 substituted "forty-nine States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii" for "forty-eight States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Alaska" in definition of "State".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, §10003, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 443, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided, this division [see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this division take effect on October 1, 2021."

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–141, §3(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 413, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided, divisions A, B, C (other than sections 32603(d), 32603(g), 32912, and 34002 of that division) and E [see Tables for classification], including the amendments made by those divisions, take effect on October 1, 2012."

Pub. L. 112–141, §3(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 413, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided, any reference to the date of enactment of the MAP–21 or to the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012 in the divisions described in subsection (a) [set out above] or in an amendment made by those divisions [see Tables for classification] shall be deemed to be a reference to the effective date of those divisions [Oct. 1, 2012]."

Pub. L. 112–140, §1(c), June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 391, provided that: "On the date of enactment of the MAP–21 [Pub. L. 112–141, approved July 6, 2012]—

"(1) this Act [see Short Title of 2012 Amendment note below] and the amendments made by this Act shall cease to be effective;

"(2) the text of the laws amended by this Act shall revert back so as to read as the text read on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [June 29, 2012]; and

"(3) the amendments made by the MAP–21 [see Tables for classification] shall be executed as if this Act had not been enacted."

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §121(a), (b), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1608, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Except as otherwise provided in this Act (including subsection (b)), this Act [see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this Act take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [June 6, 2008].

"(b) Exception.—

"(1) In general.—The amendments made by this Act (other than the amendments made by sections 101(g), 101(m)(1)(H) [amending section 144 of this title, not Pub. L. 109–59], 103, 105, 109, and 201(o)) to the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (Public Law 109–59; 119 Stat. 1144) shall—

"(A) take effect as of the date of enactment of that Act [Aug. 10, 2005]; and

"(B) be treated as being included in that Act as of that date.

"(2) Effect of amendments.—Each provision of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (Public Law 109–59; 119 Stat. 1144) (including the amendments made by that Act) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [June 6, 2008]) that is amended by this Act (other than sections 101(g), 101(m)(1)(H), 103, 105, 109, and 201(o)) shall be treated as not being enacted."

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9016, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 868, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this title shall take effect simultaneously with the enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178]. For purposes of all Federal laws, the amendments made by this title shall be treated as being included in the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century at the time of the enactment of such Act [June 9, 1998], and the provisions of such Act (including the amendments made by such Act) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [July 22, 1998]) that are amended by this title shall be treated as not being enacted."

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §147, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1739, provided that: "The amendments made by section 117 [enacting section 510 of this title, amending this section, and renumbering sections 511 and 512 of this title], 120 [amending provisions set out as a note under section 502 of this title], and 137 of this Act [amending section 506 of this title] shall not take effect if before the effective date of this Act [Dec. 31, 1970] the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 has been enacted into law." The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, enacted as Pub. L. 91–646, 84 Stat. 1894, was approved Jan. 2, 1971, whereas this Act (Title I of Pub. L. 91–605) was approved Dec. 31, 1970, therefore the amendments made by sections 117, 120, and 137 of Title I of Pub. L. 91–605 took effect.

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

Pub. L. 90–495, §37, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 836, as amended by Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §120, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1725, provided that:

"(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, this Act and the amendments made by this Act [enacting sections 135, 139, 140, 141, and 501 to 511 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 108, 112, 113, 115, 116, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 135, 136, 138, 205, 319, and 402 of this title, section 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, repealing section 133 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 108, 125, 134, 501, 502, and 510 of this title] shall take effect on the date of its enactment [Aug. 23, 1968], except that until July 1, 1970, sections 502, 505, 506, 507, and 508 of title 23, United States Code, as added by this Act, shall be applicable to a State only to the extent that such State is able under its laws to comply with such sections. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, after July 1, 1970, such sections shall be completely applicable to all States. Section 133 of title 23, United States Code, shall not apply to any State if sections 502, 505, 506, 507, and 508 of title 23, United States Code, are applicable in that State, and effective July 1, 1970, such section 133 is repealed.

"(b) In the case of any State (1) which is required to amend its constitution to comply with sections 502, 505, 506, 507, and 508 of title 23, United States Code, and (2) which cannot submit the required constitutional amendment for ratification prior to July 1, 1970, the date of July 1, 1970, contained in subsection (a) of this section shall be extended to July 1, 1972."

Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–70, §21(e), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 146, provided that the amendments made by that section (amending this section and sections 104, 116, and 120 of this title) are effective July 1, 1959.

Short Title of 2021 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–58, §1(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 429, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act'."

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, §10001, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 443, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021'."

Pub. L. 117–52, §1, Oct. 31, 2021, 135 Stat. 409, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, amending provisions set out as notes under this section, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26] may be cited as the 'Further Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2021'."

Pub. L. 117–44, §1, Oct. 2, 2021, 135 Stat. 382, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 9503 of Title 26] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2021'."

Short Title of 2015 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–94, §1(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1312, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act' or the 'FAST Act'."

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6001, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1561, provided that: "This title [enacting section 519 of this title and sections 6314 and 6501 to 6503 of Title 49, Transportation, amending sections 502, 503, 512, 514, 515, 517, and 518 of this title, sections 5313, 5315, and 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and sections 102, 330, 5115, 5118, 5505, 6302, and 6307 of Title 49, repealing section 508 of this title and sections 112 and 5503 of Title 49, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 150, 501, and 503 of this title and sections 301 and 6501 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 502 and 512 of this title] may be cited as the 'Transportation for Tomorrow Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–87, §1(a), Nov. 20, 2015, 129 Stat. 677, provided that: "This Act [amending section 403 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5128, 5311, 5336, 5338, 5339, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 104, 202, and 402 of this title and sections 31100 and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2015, Part II'."

Pub. L. 114–73, §1(a), Oct. 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 568, provided that: "This Act [amending section 403 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5128, 5311, 5336, 5338, 5339, 20157, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 20101 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 104, 202, and 402 of this title and sections 31100 and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–41, §1(a), July 31, 2015, 129 Stat. 443, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation and Veterans Health Care Choice Improvement Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–21, §1(a), May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 218, provided that: "This Act [amending section 403 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5128, 5311, 5336, 5338, 5339, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 104, 202, and 402 of this title and sections 31100 and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Highway and Transportation Funding Act of 2015'."

Short Title of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–159, §1(a), Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1839, provided that: "This Act [amending section 403 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, section 58c of Title 19, Customs Duties, sections 430, 436, 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, sections 1021, 1056, and 1083 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 5128, 5311, 5336, 5338, 5339, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 101 of this title, sections 430 and 436 of Title 26, and section 1021 of Title 29, amending provisions set out as notes under sections 104, 202, and 402 of this title and sections 31100 and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Highway and Transportation Funding Act of 2014'."

Short Title of 2012 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–141, §1(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 405, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act' or the 'MAP–21'."

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title II, §2001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 607, provided that: "This title [amending sections 601 to 609 of this title] may be cited as the 'America Fast Forward Financing Innovation Act of 2012'."

Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, §31001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 732, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Motor Vehicle and Highway Safety Improvement Act of 2012' or 'Mariah's Act'."

Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, §50001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 864, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Act of 2012'."

Pub. L. 112–141, div. G, §110001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 980, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2012, Part II'."

Pub. L. 112–140, §1(a), June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 391, provided that: "This Act [amending section 327 of this title, sections 460l–11 and 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 4041, 4051, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4482, 4483, 6412, 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 327 of this title, section 460l–11 of Title 16, and section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Temporary Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2012'."

Pub. L. 112–102, §1(a), Mar. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 271, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 460l–11 and 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 4041, 4051, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4481 to 4483, 6412, 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 460l–11 of Title 16 and section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2012'."

Short Title of 2011 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–30, §1(a), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 342, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 405 and 410 of this title, sections 460l–11 and 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 4041, 4051, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4261, 4271, 4481 to 4483, 6412, 9502 to 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 106, 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, 31144, 40117, 41742, 41743, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 460l–11 of Title 16, and sections 1, 4081, 9502, and 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 402, 403, and 405 of this title and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, 31301, 41731, and 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface and Air Transportation Programs Extension Act of 2011'."

Pub. L. 112–30, title I, §101, Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 343, provided that: "This title [amending sections 405 and 410 of this title, sections 460l–11 and 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 4041, 4051, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4481 to 4483, 6412, 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 460l–11 of Title 16 and section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 402, 403, and 405 of this title and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2011, Part II'."

Pub. L. 112–5, §1(a), Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 14, provided that: "This Act [amending section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 901 of Title 2, The Congress, and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31309, 31100, 31301, and 31100 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2011'."

Short Title of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2001(a), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3522, provided that: "This title [amending sections 327 and 510 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 901 of Title 2, The Congress, and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, 31301, and 31309 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2010, Part II'."

Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §401, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 78, provided that: "This title [amending sections 405 and 410 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9502 to 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 9502 and 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 402, 403, and 405 of this title, section 901 of Title 2, The Congress, and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, 31301, and 31309 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2010'."

Short Title of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–244, §1(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1572, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'SAFETEA–LU Technical Corrections Act of 2008'."

Short Title of 2005 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–59, §1(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1144, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users' or 'SAFETEA–LU'."

Pub. L. 109–42, §1, July 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 435, provided that: "This Act [amending section 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and section 5338 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 104 of this title] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part VI'."

Pub. L. 109–40, §1, July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 410, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part V'."

Pub. L. 109–37, §1, July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 394, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part IV'."

Pub. L. 109–35, §1, July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 379, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part III'."

Pub. L. 109–20, §1, July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 346, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part II'."

Pub. L. 109–14, §1, May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 324, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 4481 to 4483, 9503, and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 4481 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005'."

Short Title of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–310, §1, Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1144, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, 188, and 410 of this title, sections 900 and 901 of Title 2, The Congress, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 104 of this title, section 9503 of Title 26, and section 5337 of Title 49, amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, section 901 of Title 2, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part V'."

Pub. L. 108–280, §1, July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 876, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 9503 of Title 26, amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 5337 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part IV'."

Pub. L. 108–263, §1, June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 698, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, 5337, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part III'."

Pub. L. 108–224, §1, Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 627, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, 5337, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part II'."

Pub. L. 108–202, §1, Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 478, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, 5337, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004'."

Short Title of 2003 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–88, §1, Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1110, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, 188, and 410 of this title, sections 900 and 901 of Title 2, The Congress, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 104 of this title, section 9503 of Title 26, and section 5337 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 322 and 402 of this title, section 901 of Title 2, and sections 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2003'."

Short Title of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9001, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 834, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'TEA 21 Restoration Act'."

Pub. L. 105–178, §1(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 107, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century'."

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1501, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 241, provided that: "This chapter [chapter 1 (§§1501–1504) of subtitle E of title I of Pub. L. 105–178, enacting subchapter II of this chapter, amending section 301 of Title 49, Transportation, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 181 of this title] may be cited as the 'Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 1998'."

Short Title of 1997 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–130, §1, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2552, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 104, 321, 326, and 410 of this title, sections 9503, 9504, and 9511 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 111, 5309, 5337, 5338, 30308, and 31104 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 104 of this title and section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and section 307 of this title] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Extension Act of 1997'."

Short Title of 1995 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–59, §1(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 568, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 161 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 112, 115, 116, 120, 122, 127, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 141, 144, 149, 152, 153, 217, 303, 306, 307, 323, 409, and 410 of this title, sections 1261 and 1262 of Title 16, Conservation, sections 7506 and 12186 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and sections 5316, 5331, 20140, 30308, 31112, 31136, 31306, and 45102 of Title 49, Transportation, repealing section 154 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes preceding section 101 of this title and under this section, sections 104, 109, 130, 141, 153, 154, 307, 309, 401, and 408 of this title, section 403 of Title 16, section 7511a of Title 42, and section 31136 of Title 49, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 109, 127, 149, and 307 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes preceding section 101 of this title and under section 112 of this title] may be cited as the 'National Highway System Designation Act of 1995'."

Short Title of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–17, §1(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 132, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 151, 156, and 409 of this title, section 508 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, section 4604 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and sections 1607a–2, 1619, 1620, and 1621 of former Title 49, Transportation, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 129, 130, 138, 140, 144, 152, 154, 157, 204, 210, 215, 217, 307, 315, 319, 321, 323, 401, 402, and 408 of this title, section 460l–11 of Title 16, Conservation, section 1761 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, sections 4041, 4051, 4052, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4481, 4482, 4483, 6156, 6412, 6420, 6421, 6427, and 9503 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, sections 494 and 1414 of Title 33, sections 4601, 4621, 4622, 4623, 4624, 4625, 4626, 4630, 4631, 4633, 4636, 4638, 4651, and 4655 of Title 42, sections 303 and 10922 of Title 49, and sections 1602, 1603, 1604, 1607, 1607a, 1607a–1, 1607c, 1608, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1617, 1655, 2311, 2314, and 2716 of former Title 49, repealing sections 211, 213, 219, and 322 of this title, sections 498a, 498b, 503 to 507, 526, 526a, 529, and 535d of Title 33, and sections 4634 and 4637 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 116, 120, 125, 127, 130, 144, 202, 307, 401, and 402 of this title, sections 1, 4052, and 4481 of Title 26, section 4601 of Title 42, section 10922 of Title 49, and sections 1601, 1602, 1608, and 2204 of former Title 49, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 103, 104, 130, 141, 144, 146, and 401 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 114, 130, and 217 of this title and section 526a of Title 33] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987'."

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §101, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 134, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 151, 156, and 409 of this title and section 508 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 129, 130, 138, 140, 144, 152, 154, 157, 204, 210, 215, 217, 307, 315, 319, 321, 323, 401, and 402 of this title, section 1761 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, sections 494 and 1414 of Title 33, section 303 of Title 49, Transportation, and sections 1655, 2311, and 2716 of former Title 49, repealing sections 211, 213, 219, and 322 of this title and sections 498a, 498b, 503 to 507, 526, 526a, 529, and 535d of Title 33, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 103, 104, 116, 120, 125, 127, 130, 144, 202, 307, and 402 of this title, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 103, 104, 130, 141, 144, and 146 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 114, 130, and 217 of this title and section 526a of Title 33] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1987'."

Short Title of 1983 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–424, §1, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2097, provided: "That this Act [enacting section 157 of this title, sections 4051 to 4053 and 9503 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 1601c, 1607a, 1607a–1, 1617, 1618, and 2301 to 2315 of former Title 49, Transportation, amending section 713c–3 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 460l–11 and 1606a of Title 16, Conservation, sections 101, 101 notes, 103, 103 note, 105, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 125, 127, 130 notes, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 150, 152, 201, 202, 203, 204, 210, 214, 217, 218, 307, 307 note, 401 note, and 402 of this title, sections 39, 44E, 46, 48, 103, 165 note, 167, 168, 274, 851, 852, 874, 882, 3304 note, 3454, 4041, 4061, 4063, 4071, 4081, 4101, 4102, 4221, 4222, 4481, 4482, 4483, 6049, 6156, 6201, 6206, 6362, 6412, 6416, 6420, 6421, 6427, 6504, 6675, 7210, 7603, 7604, 7605, 7609, 7610, and 9502 of Title 26, section 1414 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, sections 602 and 1382a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, sections 1474, 1475, and 1479 of former Title 46, Shipping, section 1273 of Title 46, Appendix, sections 10927 note, 11909 and 11914 of Title 49, and sections 1602, 1603, 1604, 1607c, 1608, 1611, 1612, 1614, 2204, 2205, 2206 of former Title 49, repealing sections 101 notes, 104 note, and 206 to 209 of this title, sections 120 note, 4091 to 4094, and 6424 of Title 26, and sections 1602 note, 1604a, 1617, and 1618 of former Title 49, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 119, 120, 125, 144, 146, 154, 307, 401, and 408 of this title, section 713c–3 of Title 15, sections 1, 39, 46, 165, 274, 3304, 4041, 4051, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4481, 6012, 6427, and 9503 of Title 26, section 602 of Title 42, and sections 1601, 1612, and 2315 of former Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982'."

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §101, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2097, provided that: "This title [enacting section 157 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 105, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 125, 127, 137, 139, 140, 142, 144, 150, 152, 201, 202, 203, 204, 210, 214, 217, 218, and 307 of this title, repealing sections 101 notes, 104 note, and 206 to 209 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 119, 120, 125, 144, and 146 of this title, and section 2315 of former Title 49, Transportation] may be cited as the 'Highway Improvement Act of 1982'."

Pub. L. 97–327, §1, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1611, provided: "That this Act [amending section 144 of this title, provisions set out as notes under this section and section 130 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 104 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1982'."

Short Title of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–134, §13, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1703, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 104, 119, and 139 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 104 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981'."

Short Title of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–599, §1, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2689, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 119, 146, and 407 of this title, and sections 1602–1, 1607, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617 and 1618 of former Title 49, Transportation, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125, 129, 131, 134, 141, 144, 148, 151, 152, 154, 155, 215, 217, 219, 320, 402, and 406 of this title, section 1418 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 460l–11 of Title 16, Conservation, sections 39, 4041, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4481, 4482, 6156, 6412, 6421, 6427, 7210, 7603, 7604, 7605, 7609, and 7610 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 201 of former Title 40, Appendix, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, sections 303, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1607b, 1607c, 1608, 1611, 1612, and 1613 of former Title 49, repealing section 153 of this title and sections 1607, 1607a, and 1614 of former Title 49, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 109, 111, 120, 122, 124, 129, 130, 134, 135, 141, 142, 144, 146, 215, 217, 307, 320, 401, 402, and 403 of this title, section 6427 of Title 26, section 201 of former Title 40, Appendix, section 5904 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, section 883 of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping, and sections 1601, 1602, 1604, 1605, 1612, and 1653 of former Title 49] may be cited as the 'Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978'."

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §101, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2689, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 119 and 146 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125, 129, 131, 134, 141, 144, 148, 151, 152, 155, 203, 215, 217, 219, 320, and 406 of this title, and section 201 of former Title 40, Appendix, Public Buildings, Property and Works, repealing section 153 of this title and provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1605 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 109, 111, 120, 122, 124, 129, 130, 134, 135, 141, 142, 144, 146, 217, 307, and 320 of this title, section 201 of former Title 40, Appendix, section 5904 of Title 42, section 883 of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping, and section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978'."

Pub. L. 95–599, title V, §501, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2756, provided that: "This title [amending section 4601–11 of Title 16, Conservation, sections 39, 4041, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4481, 4482, 6156, 6412, 6421, 6427, 7210, 7603, 7604, and 7605 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 120 and 307 of this title and section 6427 of Title 26] may be cited as the 'Highway Revenue Act of 1978'."

Short Title of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §101, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425, provided that: "This title [enacting section 156 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 104, 106, 108, 117, 118, 121, 125, 127, 129, 131, 135, 138 to 140, 142, 147, 152, 153, 202, 203, 217, 219, 319, and 320 of this title, repealing sections 146 and 405 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 124, 134, 135, 215, 218, 319, and 320 of this title, and section 1605 of former Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 120, 130, and 142 of this title, and section 1605 of former Title 49] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976'."

Short Title of 1974 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–643, §1, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2281, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 141, 154, 155, 219, and 406, amending this section and sections 103, 115, 127, 129, 131, 136, 144, 208, 320, 322, 323, and 405, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 142, 217, and 320, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 130 and 142, and repealing provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974'."

Short Title of 1973 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §101, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 250, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 145 to 150, 217, 218, 323, and 324 of this title and section 1602a of former Title 49, Transportation, amending this section and sections 103 to 105, 108, 109, 114, 117, 121, 126, 129, 135, 140, 142, 143, 149, 207, 303, 307 to 310, 312, 314, and 320 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 120, 130, 142, 218, 307, 319, and 320 of this title, and sections 1608 and 1637 of former Title 49] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973'."

Short Title of 1970 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §101, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1713, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 142, 143, 215, 216, 321, and 510 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 134, 135, 136, 139, 140, 303, 307, 320, 506, 511, 512 of this title and section 517 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 120, 129, 131, 134, 215, 216, 303, 307, 320, and 510 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970'."

Short Title of 1968 Amendment

Pub. L. 90–495, §1, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 815, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 135, 139, 140, and 141 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 108, 112, 113, 115, 116, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 135, 136, 138, 205, 319, 402, and 501 to 512 of this title, section 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, and provisions set out as a note under this section, repealing section 133 of this title and enacting provisions formerly set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 108, 125, 134, 501, 502, and 510 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968'."

Short Title of 1966 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–574, §1, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 766, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 120 and 138 of this title, amending this section and sections 104, 109, 118, 120, 125, 131, 136, 302, and 319 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 106, 108, 125, 133, and 137 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1966'."

Short Title of 1965 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–285, §403, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1033, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 136 of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections 131 and 135 of this title and amending sections 131 and 319 of this title] may be cited as the 'Highway Beautification Act of 1965'."

Short Title of 1964 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–423, §1, Aug. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 397, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and sections 104, 205, 209, and 320 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1964'."

Short Title of 1963 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–157, §1, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 276, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 104, 106, 109, 121, 131, and 307 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Amendments Act of 1963'."

Short Title of 1962 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–866, §1, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1145, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 133, 134 and 214 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 104, 203, and 307 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 307 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962'."

Short Title of 1961 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–61, title I, §101, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 6156 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, amending sections 111, 131 and 210 of this title and sections 4041, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4218, 4221, 4226, 4481, 4482, 6412, 6416, 6421, and 6601 of Title 26, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 104 of this title and under section 4041 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and section 120 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1961'."

Short Title of 1960 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–657, §1, July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 522, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 132 of this title and amending sections 104, 114, 120, 129, 203, 205, 210, and 305 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Highway Act of 1960'."

Short Title of 1959 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–342, title I, §101, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 611, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 125, 131, 137, and 320 of this title, and sections 4041, 4081, 4082, 4226, 6412, 6416, and 6421 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, enacting notes set out under section 307 of this title and section 4082 of Title 26, and amending notes set out under this section and sections 104 and 120 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1959'."

Separability

Pub. L. 90–495, §36, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 836, provided that: "If any provision of this Act (including the amendments made by this Act) [enacting sections 135, 139, 140, 141, and 501–511 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 108, 112, 113, 115, 116, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 135, 136, 138, 205, 319, and 402 of this title, section 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, and provisions set out as a note under this section, repealing section 133 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 108, 125, 134, 501, 502, and 510 of this title] or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of this Act and the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby."

Transfer of Functions

Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of Commerce and other officers and offices of Department of Commerce under this title and under specific related laws and parts of laws set out in the notes in this title relating generally to highways and highway and traffic safety transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created Department of Transportation. See section 102 of Title 49, Transportation, and Pub. L. 97–449, §2, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439.

Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

Reconnecting Communities Pilot Program

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11509, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 588, provided that:

"(a) Definition of Eligible Facility.—

"(1) In general.—In this section, the term 'eligible facility' means a highway or other transportation facility that creates a barrier to community connectivity, including barriers to mobility, access, or economic development, due to high speeds, grade separations, or other design factors.

"(2) Inclusions.—In this section, the term 'eligible facility' may include—

"(A) a limited access highway;

"(B) a viaduct; and

"(C) any other principal arterial facility.

"(b) Establishment.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall establish a pilot program through which an eligible entity may apply for funding, in order to restore community connectivity—

"(1) to study the feasibility and impacts of removing, retrofitting, or mitigating an existing eligible facility;

"(2) to conduct planning activities necessary to design a project to remove, retrofit, or mitigate an existing eligible facility; and

"(3) to conduct construction activities necessary to carry out a project to remove, retrofit, or mitigate an existing eligible facility.

"(c) Planning Grants.—

"(1) Eligible entities.—The Secretary may award a grant (referred to in this section as a 'planning grant') to carry out planning activities described in paragraph (2) to—

"(A) a State;

"(B) a unit of local government;

"(C) a Tribal government;

"(D) a metropolitan planning organization; and

"(E) a nonprofit organization.

"(2) Eligible activities described.—The planning activities referred to in paragraph (1) are—

"(A) planning studies to evaluate the feasibility of removing, retrofitting, or mitigating an existing eligible facility to restore community connectivity, including evaluations of—

"(i) current traffic patterns on the eligible facility proposed for removal, retrofit, or mitigation and the surrounding street network;

"(ii) the capacity of existing transportation networks to maintain mobility needs;

"(iii) an analysis of alternative roadway designs or other uses for the right-of-way of the eligible facility, including an analysis of whether the available right-of-way would suffice to create an alternative roadway design;

"(iv) the effect of the removal, retrofit, or mitigation of the eligible facility on the mobility of freight and people;

"(v) the effect of the removal, retrofit, or mitigation of the eligible facility on the safety of the traveling public;

"(vi) the cost to remove, retrofit, or mitigate the eligible facility—

     "(I) to restore community connectivity; and

     "(II) to convert the eligible facility to a different roadway design or use, compared to any expected costs for necessary maintenance or reconstruction of the eligible facility;

"(vii) the anticipated economic impact of removing, retrofitting, or mitigating and converting the eligible facility and any economic development opportunities that would be created by removing, retrofitting, or mitigating and converting the eligible facility; and

"(viii) the environmental impacts of retaining or reconstructing the eligible facility and the anticipated effect of the proposed alternative use or roadway design;

"(B) public engagement activities to provide opportunities for public input into a plan to remove and convert an eligible facility; and

"(C) other transportation planning activities required in advance of a project to remove, retrofit, or mitigate an existing eligible facility to restore community connectivity, as determined by the Secretary.

"(3) Technical assistance program.—

"(A) In general.—The Secretary may provide technical assistance described in subparagraph (B) to an eligible entity.

"(B) Technical assistance described.—The technical assistance referred to in subparagraph (A) is technical assistance in building organizational or community capacity—

"(i) to engage in transportation planning; and

"(ii) to identify innovative solutions to infrastructure challenges, including reconnecting communities that—

     "(I) are bifurcated by eligible facilities; or

     "(II) lack safe, reliable, and affordable transportation choices.

"(C) Priorities.—In selecting recipients of technical assistance under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall give priority to an application from a community that is economically disadvantaged.

"(4) Selection.—The Secretary shall—

"(A) solicit applications for—

"(i) planning grants; and

"(ii) technical assistance under paragraph (3); and

"(B) evaluate applications for a planning grant on the basis of the demonstration by the applicant that—

"(i) the eligible facility is aged and is likely to need replacement or significant reconstruction within the 20-year period beginning on the date of the submission of the application;

"(ii) the eligible facility—

     "(I) creates barriers to mobility, access, or economic development; or

     "(II) is not justified by current and forecast future travel demand; and

"(iii) on the basis of preliminary investigations into the feasibility of removing, retrofitting, or mitigating the eligible facility to restore community connectivity, further investigation is necessary and likely to be productive.

"(5) Award amounts.—A planning grant may not exceed $2,000,000 per recipient.

"(6) Federal share.—The total Federal share of the cost of a planning activity for which a planning grant is used shall not exceed 80 percent.

"(d) Capital Construction Grants.—

"(1) Eligible entities.—The Secretary may award a grant (referred to in this section as a 'capital construction grant') to the owner of an eligible facility to carry out an eligible project described in paragraph (3) for which all necessary feasibility studies and other planning activities have been completed.

"(2) Partnerships.—An owner of an eligible facility may, for the purposes of submitting an application for a capital construction grant, if applicable, partner with—

"(A) a State;

"(B) a unit of local government;

"(C) a Tribal government;

"(D) a metropolitan planning organization; or

"(E) a nonprofit organization.

"(3) Eligible projects.—A project eligible to be carried out with a capital construction grant includes—

"(A) the removal, retrofit, or mitigation of an eligible facility; and

"(B) the replacement of an eligible facility with a new facility that—

"(i) restores community connectivity; and

"(ii) is—

     "(I) sensitive to the context of the surrounding community; and

     "(II) otherwise eligible for funding under title 23, United States Code.

"(4) Selection.—The Secretary shall—

"(A) solicit applications for capital construction grants; and

"(B) evaluate applications on the basis of—

"(i) the degree to which the project will improve mobility and access through the removal of barriers;

"(ii) the appropriateness of removing, retrofitting, or mitigating the eligible facility, based on current traffic patterns and the ability of the replacement facility and the regional transportation network to absorb transportation demand and provide safe mobility and access;

"(iii) the impact of the project on freight movement;

"(iv) the results of a cost-benefit analysis of the project;

"(v) the opportunities for inclusive economic development;

"(vi) the degree to which the eligible facility is out of context with the current or planned land use;

"(vii) the results of any feasibility study completed for the project; and

"(viii) the plan of the applicant for—

     "(I) employing residents in the area impacted by the project through targeted hiring programs, in partnership with registered apprenticeship programs, if applicable; and

     "(II) contracting and subcontracting with disadvantaged business enterprises.

"(5) Minimum award amounts.—A capital construction grant shall be in an amount not less than $5,000,000 per recipient.

"(6) Federal share.—

"(A) In general.—Subject to subparagraph (B), a capital construction grant may not exceed 50 percent of the total cost of the project for which the grant is awarded.

"(B) Maximum federal involvement.—Federal assistance other than a capital construction grant may be used to satisfy the non-Federal share of the cost of a project for which the grant is awarded, except that the total Federal assistance provided for a project for which the grant is awarded may not exceed 80 percent of the total cost of the project.

"(7) Community advisory board.—

"(A) In general.—To help achieve inclusive economic development benefits with respect to the project for which a grant is awarded, a grant recipient may form a community advisory board, which shall—

"(i) facilitate community engagement with respect to the project; and

"(ii) track progress with respect to commitments of the grant recipient to inclusive employment, contracting, and economic development under the project.

"(B) Membership.—If a grant recipient forms a community advisory board under subparagraph (A), the community advisory board shall be composed of representatives of—

"(i) the community;

"(ii) owners of businesses that serve the community;

"(iii) labor organizations that represent workers that serve the community; and

"(iv) State and local government.

"(e) Reports.—

"(1) USDOT report on program.—Not later than January 1, 2026, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that evaluates the program under this section, including—

"(A) information about the level of applicant interest in planning grants, technical assistance under subsection (c)(3), and capital construction grants, including the extent to which overall demand exceeded available funds; and

"(B) for recipients of capital construction grants, the outcomes and impacts of the highway removal project, including—

"(i) any changes in the overall level of mobility, congestion, access, and safety in the project area; and

"(ii) environmental impacts and economic development opportunities in the project area.

"(2) GAO report on highway removals.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 2021], the Comptroller General of the United States shall issue a report that—

"(A) identifies examples of projects to remove highways using Federal highway funds;

"(B) evaluates the effect of highway removal projects on the surrounding area, including impacts to the local economy, congestion effects, safety outcomes, and impacts on the movement of freight and people;

"(C) evaluates the existing Federal-aid program eligibility under title 23, United States Code, for highway removal projects;

"(D) analyzes the costs and benefits of and barriers to removing underutilized highways that are nearing the end of their useful life compared to replacing or reconstructing the highway; and

"(E) provides recommendations for integrating those assessments into transportation planning and decision-making processes.

"(f) Technical Assistance.—Of the funds made available to carry out this section for planning grants, the Secretary may use not more than $15,000,000 during the period of fiscal years 2022 through 2026 to provide technical assistance under subsection (c)(3).

"(g) Treatment of Projects.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a project assisted under this section shall be treated as a project on a Federal-aid highway under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code."

Cybersecurity Tool; Cyber Coordinator

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11510, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 592, provided that:

"(a) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Administrator.—The term 'Administrator' means the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration.

"(2) Cyber incident.—The term 'cyber incident' has the meaning given the term 'incident' in section 3552 of title 44, United States Code.

"(3) Transportation authority.—The term 'transportation authority' means—

"(A) a public authority (as defined in section 101(a) of title 23, United States Code);

"(B) an owner or operator of a highway (as defined in section 101(a) of title 23, United States Code);

"(C) a manufacturer that manufactures a product related to transportation; and

"(D) a division office of the Federal Highway Administration.

"(b) Cybersecurity Tool.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 2021], the Administrator shall develop a tool to assist transportation authorities in identifying, detecting, protecting against, responding to, and recovering from cyber incidents.

"(2) Requirements.—In developing the tool under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall—

"(A) use the cybersecurity framework established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and required by Executive Order 13636 of February 12, 2013 (78 Fed. Reg. 11739; relating to improving critical infrastructure cybersecurity) [6 U.S.C. 121 note];

"(B) establish a structured cybersecurity assessment and development program;

"(C) coordinate with the Transportation Security Administration and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency;

"(D) consult with appropriate transportation authorities, operating agencies, industry stakeholders, and cybersecurity experts; and

"(E) provide for a period of public comment and review on the tool.

"(c) Designation of Cyber Coordinator.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall designate an office as a 'cyber coordinator', which shall be responsible for monitoring, alerting, and advising transportation authorities of cyber incidents.

"(2) Requirements.—The office designated under paragraph (1) shall, in coordination with the Transportation Security Administration and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency—

"(A) provide to transportation authorities a secure method of notifying the Federal Highway Administration of cyber incidents;

"(B) share the information collected under subparagraph (A) with the Transportation Security Administration and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency;

"(C) monitor cyber incidents that affect transportation authorities;

"(D) alert transportation authorities to cyber incidents that affect those transportation authorities;

"(E) investigate unaddressed cyber incidents that affect transportation authorities; and

"(F) provide to transportation authorities educational resources, outreach, and awareness on fundamental principles and best practices in cybersecurity for transportation systems."

Federal Employee Compensation Following Highway Trust Fund Expiration

Pub. L. 117–44, title I, §108, Oct. 2, 2021, 135 Stat. 386, as amended by Pub. L. 117–52, §3, Oct. 31, 2021, 135 Stat. 409, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Each employee of the United States Government furloughed as a result of a covered lapse in Highway Trust Fund expenditure authority shall be paid for the period of the covered lapse, and each excepted employee who is required to perform work during a covered lapse shall be paid for such work, at the employee's standard rate of pay, at the earliest date possible after the covered lapse ends, regardless of scheduled pay dates, and subject to availability of funds.

"(b) Covered Lapse.—In this section, the term 'covered lapse in Highway Trust Fund expenditure authority' means any lapse in authority to make expenditures from the Highway Trust Fund that begins on—

"(1) October 1, 2021, and ends on or before the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 2, 2021]; or

"(2) November 1, 2021, and ends on or before the date of enactment of the Further Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2021 [Oct. 31, 2021]."

Extension of Federal Surface Transportation Programs

Pub. L. 117–44, §2, title I, §101, Oct. 2, 2021, 135 Stat. 382, 383, as amended by Pub. L. 117–52, §2, Oct. 31, 2021, 135 Stat. 409, provided that:

"SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

"In this Act [see Short Title of 2021 Amendment note set out above]:

"(1) Covered law.—The term 'covered law' means any of the following:

"(A) Titles I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, XI, and XXIV of the FAST Act (Public Law 114–94; 129 Stat. 1312) [see Tables for classification].

"(B) Division A, division B, subtitle A of title I and title II of division C, and division E of MAP–21 (Public Law 112–141; 126 Stat. 405) [see Tables for classification].

"(C) Titles I, II, and III of the SAFETEA–LU Technical Corrections Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–244; 122 Stat. 1572) [see Tables for classification].

"(D) Titles I, II, III, IV, V, and VI of SAFETEA–LU (Public Law 109–59; 119 Stat. 1144) [see Tables for classification].

"(E) Titles I, II, III, IV, and V of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (Public Law 105–178; 112 Stat. 107) [see Tables for classification].

"(F) Titles II, III, and IV of the National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 (Public Law 104–59; 109 Stat. 568) [see Tables for classification].

"(G) Titles I, II, III, IV, V, and VI of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–240; 105 Stat. 1914) [see Tables for classification].

"(H) Title 23, United States Code.

"(I) Sections 116, 117, 330, 5128, 5505, and 24905 and chapters 53, 139, 303, 311, 313, 701, and 702 of title 49, United States Code.

"(J) Division B of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act (Public Law 116–159; 134 Stat. 725) [see Tables for classification].

"(2) Extension end date.—The term 'extension end date' means December 3, 2021.

"(3) Extension fraction.—The term 'extension fraction' means the quotient, expressed as a fraction, obtained by dividing—

"(A) the number of days in the extension period; by

"(B) 365.

"(4) Extension period.—The term 'extension period' means the period that begins on October 1, 2021, and ends on the extension end date.

"(5) Highway account.—The term 'Highway Account' means the portion of the Highway Trust Fund that is not the Mass Transit Account.

"(6) Mass transit account.—The term 'Mass Transit Account' means the portion of the Highway Trust Fund established under section 9503(e)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

"(7) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Transportation.

"(8) State.—The term 'State' means the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

"SEC. 101. EXTENSION OF FEDERAL SURFACE TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS.

"(a) In General.—Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the requirements, authorities, conditions, eligibilities, limitations, and other provisions authorized under the covered laws, which would otherwise expire on or cease to apply after September 30, 2021, are incorporated by reference and shall continue in effect through the extension end date.

"(b) Authorization of Appropriations.—

"(1) Highway trust fund.—

"(A) Highway account.—There is authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Account for fiscal year 2022, for each program with respect to which amounts are authorized to be appropriated from such account for fiscal year 2021, an amount equal to the extension fraction of the amount authorized for appropriation with respect to the program from such account under the covered laws for fiscal year 2021.

"(B) Mass transit account.—There is authorized to be appropriated from the Mass Transit Account for fiscal year 2022, for each program with respect to which amounts are authorized to be appropriated from such account for fiscal year 2021, an amount equal to the extension fraction of the amount authorized for appropriation with respect to the program from such account under the covered laws for fiscal year 2021.

"(2) General fund.—There is authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2022, for each program under the covered laws with respect to which amounts are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2021 from an account other than the Highway Account or the Mass Transit Account, an amount that is not less than the extension fraction of the amount authorized for appropriation with respect to the program under the covered laws for fiscal year 2021.

"(c) Use of Funds.—

"(1) In general.—Except as described in paragraph (2), amounts authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2022 with respect to a program under subsection (b) shall be distributed, administered, limited, and made available for obligation in the same manner as amounts authorized to be appropriated with respect to the program for fiscal year 2021 under the covered laws.

"(2) Apportionment to states.—

"(A) In general.—Notwithstanding subsections (c)(2) or (e)(1) of section 104 of title 23, United States Code, the Secretary—

"(i) shall not apportion on October 1, 2021, amounts authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2022 under subsection (b)(1)(A) with a respect to a program described in subparagraph (B); and

"(ii) shall not apportion such amounts before October 15, 2021.

"(B) Programs described.—A program referred to in subparagraph (A)(i) is a program—

"(i) for which amounts are authorized to be appropriated under subsection (b)(1)(A); and

"(ii) under which amounts described in clause (i) will be apportioned to States as described in section 104 of title 23, United States Code.

"(C) Notice to states.—Section 104(e)(2) of title 23, United States Code, shall not apply for fiscal year 2022.

"(d) Obligation Limitation.—

"(1) In general.—Subject to paragraph (2), a program for which amounts are authorized to be appropriated under subsection (b)(1) shall be subject to a limitation on obligations for fiscal year 2022 in an amount equal to the extension fraction of the limitation on obligations for the program for fiscal year 2021 and in the same manner as the limitation applicable with respect to the program for fiscal year 2021.

"(2) Federal-aid highways.—

"(A) In general.—In distributing a limitation on obligations for Federal-aid highways for qualifying programs, the Secretary—

"(i) shall reserve, for qualifying programs, an amount of the limitation on obligations for Federal-aid highways equal to the amount calculated for the extension period for qualifying programs in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 2, 2021]; and

"(ii) if H.R. 3684 (117th Congress) is enacted, may distribute the amount determined under clause (i) among qualifying programs (including any qualifying programs established pursuant to such H.R. 3684) in a manner determined to be appropriate by the Secretary.

"(B) Calculation.—Notwithstanding the enactment of H.R. 3684 (117th Congress), the Secretary shall calculate the amount under subparagraph (A)(i) in the manner described in section 120(a)(4) of division L of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116–260) [23 U.S.C. 104 note].

"(C) Definition of qualifying program.—In this paragraph, the term 'qualifying program' means a program for Federal-aid highways that is—

"(i) allocated by the Secretary under—

     "(I) title 23, United States Code;

     "(II) subsection (c)(1); or

     "(III) H.R. 3684 (117th Congress), if enacted; or

"(ii) apportioned by the Secretary under section 202 or 204 of title 23, United States Code."

Pub. L. 116–159, div. B, title I, §1101, Oct. 1, 2020, 134 Stat. 725, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Except as otherwise provided in this division [amending sections 117 and 403 of this title, sections 9502 to 9504 and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, sections 14703 and 14704 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, former section 822 of Title 45, Railroads, and section 24321 of Title 49, Transportation], the requirements, authorities, conditions, eligibilities, limitations, and other provisions authorized under the covered laws, which would otherwise expire on or cease to apply after September 30, 2020, are incorporated by reference and shall continue in effect through September 30, 2021.

"(b) Authorization of Appropriations.—

"(1) Highway trust fund.—

"(A) Highway account.—There is authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Account for fiscal year 2021, for each program with respect to which amounts are authorized to be appropriated from such account for fiscal year 2020, an amount equal to the amount authorized for appropriation with respect to the program from such account under the covered laws for fiscal year 2020.

"(B) Mass transit account.—There is authorized to be appropriated from the Mass Transit Account for fiscal year 2021, for each program with respect to which amounts are authorized to be appropriated from such account for fiscal year 2020, an amount equal to the amount authorized for appropriation with respect to the program from such account under the covered laws for fiscal year 2020.

"(2) General fund.—There is authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2021, for each program under the covered laws with respect to which amounts are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2020 from an account other than the Highway Account or the Mass Transit Account, an amount that is not less than the amount authorized for appropriation with respect to the program under the covered laws for fiscal year 2020.

"(c) Use of Funds.—Amounts authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2021 with respect to a program under subsection (b) shall be distributed, administered, limited, and made available for obligation in the same manner as amounts authorized to be appropriated with respect to the program for fiscal year 2020 under the covered laws.

"(d) Obligation Limitation.—A program for which amounts are authorized to be appropriated under subsection (b)(1) shall be subject to a limitation on obligations for fiscal year 2021 in the same amount and in the same manner as the limitation applicable with respect to the program for fiscal year 2020.

"(e) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Covered laws.—The term 'covered laws' means the following:

"(A) Titles I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, XI, and XXIV of the FAST Act (Public Law 114–94) [see Tables for classification].

"(B) Division A, division B, subtitle A of title I and title II of division C, and division E of MAP–21 (Public Law 112–141) [see Tables for classification].

"(C) Titles I, II, and III of the SAFETEA–LU Technical Corrections Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–244) [see Tables for classification].

"(D) Titles I, II, III, IV, V, and VI of SAFETEA–LU (Public Law 109–59) [see Tables for classification].

"(E) Titles I, II, III, IV, and V of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (Public Law 105–178) [see Tables for classification].

"(F) Titles II, III, and IV of the National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 (Public Law 104–59) [see Tables for classification].

"(G) Titles I, II, III, IV, V, and VI of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–240) [see Tables for classification].

"(H) Title 23, United States Code.

"(I) Sections 116, 117, 330, 5128, 5505, and 24905 and chapters 53, 139, 303, 311, 313, 701, and 702 of title 49, United States Code.

"(2) Highway account.—The term 'Highway Account' means the portion of the Highway Trust Fund that is not the Mass Transit Account.

"(3) Mass transit account.—The term 'Mass Transit Account' means the portion of the Highway Trust Fund established under section 9503(e)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 9503(e)(1)]."

Flexibility for Projects

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1420, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1423, as amended by Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11306, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 532, provided that:

"(a) Authority.—With respect to projects eligible for funding under title 23, United States Code, subject to subsection (b), on request by a State, and if in the public interest (as determined by the Secretary [of Transportation]), the Secretary shall exercise all existing flexibilities under—

"(1) the requirements of title 23, United States Code; and

"(2) other requirements administered by the Secretary, in whole or in part.

"(b) Maintaining Protections.—Nothing in this section—

"(1) waives the requirements of section 113 or 138 of title 23, United States Code;

"(2) supersedes, amends, or modifies—

"(A) the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) or any other Federal environmental law (including regulations); or

"(B) any requirement of title 23 or title 49, United States Code; or

"(3) affects the responsibility of any Federal officer to comply with or enforce any law or requirement described in this subsection."

Productive and Timely Expenditure of Funds

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1421, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1424, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015], the Secretary [of Transportation] shall develop guidance that encourages the use of programmatic approaches to project delivery, expedited and prudent procurement techniques, and other best practices to facilitate productive, effective, and timely expenditure of funds for projects eligible for funding under title 23, United States Code.

"(b) Implementation.—The Secretary shall work with States to ensure that any guidance developed under subsection (a) is consistently implemented by States and the Federal Highway Administration to—

"(1) avoid unnecessary delays in completing projects;

"(2) minimize cost overruns; and

"(3) ensure the effective use of Federal funding."

Use of Durable, Resilient, and Sustainable Materials and Practices

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1428, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1426, provided that: "To the extent practicable, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall encourage the use of durable, resilient, and sustainable materials and practices, including the use of geosynthetic materials and other innovative technologies, in carrying out the activities of the Federal Highway Administration."

Every Day Counts Initiative

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1444, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1436, provided that:

"(a) In General.—It is in the national interest for the Department [of Transportation], State departments of transportation, and all other recipients of Federal transportation funds—

"(1) to identify, accelerate, and deploy innovation aimed at shortening project delivery, enhancing the safety of the roadways of the United States, and protecting the environment;

"(2) to ensure that the planning, design, engineering, construction, and financing of transportation projects is done in an efficient and effective manner;

"(3) to promote the rapid deployment of proven solutions that provide greater accountability for public investments and encourage greater private sector involvement; and

"(4) to create a culture of innovation within the highway community.

"(b) Every Day Counts Initiative.—To advance the policy described in subsection (a), the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration shall continue the Every Day Counts initiative to work with States, local transportation agencies, and industry stakeholders to identify and deploy proven innovative practices and products that—

"(1) accelerate innovation deployment;

"(2) shorten the project delivery process;

"(3) improve environmental sustainability;

"(4) enhance roadway safety; and

"(5) reduce congestion.

"(c) Innovation Deployment.—

"(1) In general.—At least every 2 years, the Administrator shall work collaboratively with stakeholders to identify a new collection of innovations, best practices, and data to be deployed to highway stakeholders through case studies, webinars, and demonstration projects.

"(2) Requirements.—In identifying a collection described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall take into account market readiness, impacts, benefits, and ease of adoption of the innovation or practice.

"(d) Publication.—Each collection identified under subsection (c) shall be published by the Administrator on a publicly available Web site."

Findings

Pub. L. 113–159, §2, Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1839, provided that: "Congress finds that—

"(1) the existing Highway Trust Fund system is unsustainable and unable to meet our Nation's 21st century transportation needs;

"(2) MAP–21 [Pub. L. 112–141, see Tables for classification] included important reforms that must be built upon in the next reauthorization bill to increase the efficient and effective utilization of Federal funding;

"(3) these reforms should include the elimination of duplicative Federal regulations and increase the authority and responsibility of the States to safely and efficiently build, operate, and fund transportation systems that best serve the needs of their citizens, including the ability of each State to implement innovative solutions, while also maintaining the appropriate Federal role in transportation; and

"(4) Congress should enact and the President should sign a surface transportation reauthorization and reform bill prior to the expiration of this Act [probably means expiration of program extensions provided by Pub. L. 113–159]."

Declaration of Policy and Project Delivery Initiative

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1301(a), (b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 527, provided that:

"(a) In General.—It is the policy of the United States that—

"(1) it is in the national interest for the Department [of Transportation], State departments of transportation, transit agencies, and all other recipients of Federal transportation funds—

"(A) to accelerate project delivery and reduce costs; and

"(B) to ensure that the planning, design, engineering, construction, and financing of transportation projects is done in an efficient and effective manner, promoting accountability for public investments and encouraging greater private sector involvement in project financing and delivery while enhancing safety and protecting the environment;

"(2) delay in the delivery of transportation projects increases project costs, harms the economy of the United States, and impedes the travel of the people of the United States and the shipment of goods for the conduct of commerce; and

"(3) the Secretary [of Transportation] shall identify and promote the deployment of innovation aimed at reducing the time and money required to deliver transportation projects while enhancing safety and protecting the environment.

"(b) Project Delivery Initiative.—

"(1) In general.—To advance the policy described in subsection (a), the Secretary [of Transportation] shall carry out a project delivery initiative under this section [amending this section and enacting this note].

"(2) Purposes.—The purposes of the project delivery initiative shall be—

"(A) to develop and advance the use of best practices to accelerate project delivery and reduce costs across all modes of transportation and expedite the deployment of technology and innovation;

"(B) to implement provisions of law designed to accelerate project delivery; and

"(C) to select eligible projects for applying experimental features to test innovative project delivery techniques.

"(3) Advancing the use of best practices.—

"(A) In general.—In carrying out the initiative under this section, the Secretary shall identify and advance best practices to reduce delivery time and project costs, from planning through construction, for transportation projects and programs of projects regardless of mode and project size.

"(B) Administration.—To advance the use of best practices, the Secretary shall—

"(i) engage interested parties, affected communities, resource agencies, and other stakeholders to gather information regarding opportunities for accelerating project delivery and reducing costs;

"(ii) establish a clearinghouse for the collection, documentation, and advancement of existing and new innovative approaches and best practices;

"(iii) disseminate information through a variety of means to transportation stakeholders on new innovative approaches and best practices; and

"(iv) provide technical assistance to assist transportation stakeholders in the use of flexibility authority to resolve project delays and accelerate project delivery if feasible.

"(4) Implementation of accelerated project delivery.—The Secretary shall ensure that the provisions of this subtitle [subtitle C (§§1301–1323) of title I of div. A of Pub. L. 112–141, see Tables for classification] designed to accelerate project delivery are fully implemented, including—

"(A) expanding eligibility of early acquisition of property prior to completion of environmental review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);

"(B) allowing the use of the construction manager or general contractor method of contracting in the Federal-aid highway system; and

"(C) establishing a demonstration program to streamline the relocation process by permitting a lump-sum payment for acquisition and relocation if elected by the displaced occupant."

Innovative Project Delivery Methods Policy

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1304(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 532, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Congress declares that it is in the national interest to promote the use of innovative technologies and practices that increase the efficiency of construction of, improve the safety of, and extend the service life of highways and bridges.

"(2) Inclusions.—The innovative technologies and practices described in paragraph (1) include state-of-the-art intelligent transportation system technologies, elevated performance standards, and new highway construction business practices that improve highway safety and quality, accelerate project delivery, and reduce congestion related to highway construction."

Report on Highway Trust Fund Expenditures

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1433, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1430, which required periodic reports describing the administrative expenses of the Federal Highway Administration funded from the Highway Trust Fund, was repealed by Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11125(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 506.

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1535, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 584, provided that:

"(a) Initial Report.—Not later than 150 days after the date of enactment of this Act [see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes above], the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report describing the activities funded from the Highway Trust Fund during each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, including for purposes other than construction and maintenance of highways and bridges.

"(b) Updates.—Not later than 5 years after the date on which the report is submitted under subsection (a) and every 5 years thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report that updates the information provided in the report under that subsection for the applicable 5-year period.

"(c) Inclusions.—A report submitted under subsection (a) or (b) shall include information similar to the information included in the report of the Government Accountability Office numbered 'GAO–09–729R' and entitled 'Highway Trust Fund Expenditures on Purposes Other Than Construction and Maintenance of Highways and Bridges During Fiscal Years 2004–2008'."

Projects of National and Regional Significance

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1301, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1198, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §103(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1578; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1120, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 492, which provided for the establishment of a program to provide grants to eligible applicants for surface transportation programs of national and regional significance, set out criteria for selection for such grants and grant requirements, and authorized appropriations for the implementation of the program, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1105(c), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1337.

National Corridor Infrastructure Improvement Program

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1302, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1204, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §§101(d), 103(b), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1573, 1578, which related to the National Corridor Infrastructure Improvement Program, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1519(b)(2), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 575.

Delta Region Transportation Development Program

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1308, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1218, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall carry out a program in the 8 States comprising the Delta Region (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee) to—

"(1) support and encourage multistate transportation planning and corridor development;

"(2) provide for transportation project development;

"(3) facilitate transportation decisionmaking; and

"(4) support transportation construction.

"(b) Eligible Recipients.—A State transportation department or metropolitan planning organization in a Delta Region State may receive and administer funds provided under the program.

"(c) Eligible Activities.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall make allocations under the program for multistate highway planning, development, and construction projects.

"(d) Other Provisions Regarding Eligibility.—All activities funded under this program shall be consistent with the continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive planning processes required by sections 134 and 135 of title 23, United States Code.

"(e) Selection Criteria.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall select projects to be carried out under the program based on—

"(1) whether the project is located—

"(A) in an area under the authority of the Delta Regional Authority; and

"(B) on a Federal-aid highway;

"(2) endorsement of the project by the State department of transportation; and

"(3) evidence of the ability of the recipient of funds provided under the program to complete the project.

"(f) Program Priorities.—In administering the program, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall—

"(1) encourage State and local officials to work together to develop plans for multimodal and multijurisdictional transportation decisionmaking; and

"(2) give priority to projects that emphasize multimodal planning, including planning for operational improvements that—

"(A) increase the mobility of people and goods;

"(B) improve the safety of the transportation system with respect to catastrophic natural disasters or disasters caused by human activity; and

"(C) contribute to the economic vitality of the area in which the project is being carried out.

"(g) Federal Share.—Amounts provided by the Delta Regional Authority to carry out a project under this subsection [probably means this section] may be applied to the non-Federal share of the project required by section 120 of title 23, United States Code.

"(h) Funding.—

"(1) In general.—There is authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2009.

"(2) Contract authority.—Funds made available to carry out this section shall be available for obligation in the same manner as if such funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code; except that such funds shall not be transferable and shall remain available until expended."

Motorcyclist Advisory Council

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1426, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1426, which related to the establishment of a Motorcyclist Advisory Council, was repealed by Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title IV, §24111(c)(1), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 815. See section 355 of Title 49, Transportation.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1914, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1478, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary [of Transportation], acting through the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, in consultation with the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate, shall appoint a Motorcyclist Advisory Council to coordinate with and advise the Administrator on infrastructure issues of concern to motorcyclists, including—

"(1) barrier design;

"(2) road design, construction, and maintenance practices; and

"(3) the architecture and implementation of intelligent transportation system technologies.

"(b) Composition.—The Council shall consist of not more than 10 members of the motorcycling community with professional expertise in national motorcyclist safety advocacy, including—

"(1) at least—

"(A) one member recommended by a national motorcyclist association;

"(B) one member recommended by a national motorcycle riders foundation;

"(C) one representative of the National Association of State Motorcycle Safety Administrators;

"(D) two members of State motorcyclists' organizations;

"(E) one member recommended by a national organization that represents the builders of highway infrastructure;

"(F) one member recommended by a national association that represents the traffic safety systems industry; and

"(G) one member of a national safety organization; and

"(2) at least one, and not more than two, motorcyclists who are traffic system design engineers or State transportation department officials."

National Corridor Planning and Development Program

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1118, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 161, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary shall establish and implement a program to make allocations to States and metropolitan planning organizations for coordinated planning, design, and construction of corridors of national significance, economic growth, and international or interregional trade. A State or metropolitan planning organization may apply to the Secretary for allocations under this section.

"(b) Eligibility of Corridors.—The Secretary may make allocations under this section with respect to—

"(1) high priority corridors identified in section 1105(c) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102–240, 105 Stat. 2032]; and

"(2) any other significant regional or multistate highway corridor not described in whole or in part in paragraph (1) selected by the Secretary after consideration of—

"(A) the extent to which the annual volume of commercial vehicle traffic at the border stations or ports of entry of each State—

"(i) has increased since the date of enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 103–182 [Dec. 8, 1993]); and

"(ii) is projected to increase in the future;

"(B) the extent to which commercial vehicle traffic in each State—

"(i) has increased since the date of enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 103–182); and

"(ii) is projected to increase in the future;

"(C) the extent to which international truck-borne commodities move through each State;

"(D) the reduction in commercial and other travel time through a major international gateway or affected port of entry expected as a result of the proposed project including the level of traffic delays at at-grade highway crossings of major rail lines in trade corridors;

"(E) the extent of leveraging of Federal funds provided under this subsection, including—

"(i) use of innovative financing;

"(ii) combination with funding provided under other sections of this Act [see Tables for classification] and title 23, United States Code; and

"(iii) combination with other sources of Federal, State, local, or private funding including State, local, and private matching funds;

"(F) the value of the cargo carried by commercial vehicle traffic, to the extent that the value of the cargo and congestion impose economic costs on the Nation's economy; and

"(G) encourage or facilitate major multistate or regional mobility and economic growth and development in areas underserved by existing highway infrastructure.

"(c) Purposes.—Allocations may be made under this section for 1 or more of the following purposes:

"(1) Feasibility studies.

"(2) Comprehensive corridor planning and design activities.

"(3) Location and routing studies.

"(4) Multistate and intrastate coordination for corridors described in subsection (b).

"(5) After review by the Secretary of a development and management plan for the corridor or a usable component thereof under subsection (b)—

"(A) environmental review; and

"(B) construction.

"(d) Corridor Development and Management Plan.—A State or metropolitan planning organization receiving an allocation under this section shall develop, and submit to the Secretary for review, a development and management plan for the corridor or a usable component thereof with respect to which the allocation is being made. Such plan shall include, at a minimum, the following elements:

"(1) A complete and comprehensive analysis of corridor costs and benefits.

"(2) A coordinated corridor development plan and schedule, including a timetable for completion of all planning and development activities, environmental reviews and permits, and construction of all segments.

"(3) A finance plan, including any innovative financing methods and, if the corridor is a multistate corridor, a State-by-State breakdown of corridor finances.

"(4) The results of any environmental reviews and mitigation plans.

"(5) The identification of any impediments to the development and construction of the corridor, including any environmental, social, political and economic objections.

In the case of a multistate corridor, the Secretary shall encourage all States having jurisdiction over any portion of such corridor to participate in the development of such plan.

"(e) Applicability of Title 23.—Funds made available by section 1101 of this Act [set out in part as a note below] to carry out this section and section 1119 [set out below] shall be available for obligation in the same manner as if such funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code.

"(f) Coordination of Planning.—Planning with respect to a corridor under this section shall be coordinated with transportation planning being carried out by the States and metropolitan planning organizations along the corridor and, to the extent appropriate, with transportation planning being carried out by Federal land management agencies, by tribal governments, or by government agencies in Mexico or Canada.

"(g) State Defined.—In this section, the term 'State' has the meaning such term has under section 101 of title 23, United States Code."

Border Infrastructure

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1437, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1432, provided that:

"(a) In General.—After consultation with relevant transportation planning organizations, the Governor of a State that shares a land border with Canada or Mexico may designate for each fiscal year not more than 5 percent of the funds made available to the State under section 133(d)(1)(B) of title 23, United States Code, for border infrastructure projects eligible under section 1303 of SAFETEA–LU (23 U.S.C. 101 note; 119 Stat. 1207).

"(b) Use of Funds.—Funds designated under this section shall be available under the requirements of section 1303 of SAFETEA–LU (23 U.S.C. 101 note; 119 Stat. 1207).

"(c) Certification.—Before making a designation under subsection (a), the Governor shall certify that the designation is consistent with transportation planning requirements under title 23, United States Code.

"(d) Notification.—Not later than 30 days after making a designation under subsection (a), the Governor shall submit to the relevant transportation planning organizations within the border region a written notification of any suballocated or distributed amount of funds available for obligation by jurisdiction.

"(e) Limitation.—This section applies only to funds apportioned to a State after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015].

"(f) Deadline for Designation.—A designation under subsection (a) shall—

"(1) be submitted to the Secretary [of Transportation] not later than 30 days before the first day of the fiscal year for which the designation is being made; and

"(2) remain in effect for the funds designated under subsection (a) for a fiscal year until the Governor of the State notifies the Secretary of the termination of the designation.

"(g) Unobligated Funds After Termination.—Effective beginning on the date of a termination under subsection (f)(2), all remaining unobligated funds that were designated under subsection (a) for the fiscal year for which the designation is being terminated shall be made available to the State for the purposes described in section 133(d)(1)(B) of title 23, United States Code."

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1303, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1207, provided that:

"(a) General Authority.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall implement a coordinated border infrastructure program under which the Secretary shall distribute funds to border States to improve the safe movement of motor vehicles at or across the border between the United States and Canada and the border between the United States and Mexico.

"(b) Eligible Uses.—Subject to subsection (d), a State may use funds apportioned under this section only for—

"(1) improvements in a border region to existing transportation and supporting infrastructure that facilitate cross-border motor vehicle and cargo movements;

"(2) construction of highways and related safety and safety enforcement facilities in a border region that facilitate motor vehicle and cargo movements related to international trade;

"(3) operational improvements in a border region, including improvements relating to electronic data interchange and use of telecommunications, to expedite cross border motor vehicle and cargo movement;

"(4) modifications to regulatory procedures to expedite safe and efficient cross border motor vehicle and cargo movements; and

"(5) international coordination of transportation planning, programming, and border operation with Canada and Mexico relating to expediting cross border motor vehicle and cargo movements.

"(c) Apportionment of Funds.—On October 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall apportion among border States sums authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section for such fiscal year as follows:

"(1) 20 percent in the ratio that—

"(A) the total number of incoming commercial trucks that pass through the land border ports of entry within the boundaries of a border State, as determined by the Secretary; bears to

"(B) the total number of incoming commercial trucks that pass through such ports of entry within the boundaries of all the border States, as determined by the Secretary.

"(2) 30 percent in the ratio that—

"(A) the total number of incoming personal motor vehicles and incoming buses that pass through land border ports of entry within the boundaries of a border State, as determined by the Secretary; bears to

"(B) the total number of incoming personal motor vehicles and incoming buses that pass through such ports of entry within the boundaries of all the border States, as determined by the Secretary.

"(3) 25 percent in the ratio that—

"(A) the total weight of incoming cargo by commercial trucks that pass through land border ports of entry within the boundaries of a border State, as determined by the Secretary; bears to

"(B) the total weight of incoming cargo by commercial trucks that pass through such ports of entry within the boundaries of all the border States, as determined by the Secretary.

"(4) 25 percent of the ratio that—

"(A) the total number of land border ports of entry within the boundaries of a border State, as determined by the Secretary; bears to

"(B) the total number of land border ports of entry within the boundaries of all the border States, as determined by the Secretary.

"(d) Projects in Canada or Mexico.—A project in Canada or Mexico, proposed by a border State to directly and predominantly facilitate cross-border motor vehicle and cargo movements at an international port of entry into the border region of the State, may be constructed using funds apportioned to the State under this section if, before obligation of those funds, Canada or Mexico, or the political subdivision of Canada or Mexico that is responsible for the operation of the facility to be constructed, provides assurances satisfactory to the Secretary [of Transportation] that any facility constructed under this subsection will be—

"(1) constructed in accordance with standards equivalent to applicable standards in the United States; and

"(2) properly maintained and used over the useful life of the facility for the purpose for which the Secretary is allocating such funds to the project.

"(e) Transfer of Funds to the General Services Administration.—

"(1) State funds.—At the request of a border State, funds apportioned to the State under this section may be transferred to the General Services Administration for the purpose of funding one or more projects described in subsection (b) if—

"(A) the Secretary [of Transportation] determines, after consultation with the transportation department of the border State, that the General Services Administration should carry out the project; and

"(B) the General Services Administration agrees to accept the transfer of, and to administer, those funds in accordance with this section.

"(2) Non-federal share.—

"(A) In general.—A border State that makes a request under paragraph (1) shall provide directly to the General Services Administration, for each project covered by the request, the non-Federal share of the cost of the project.

"(B) No augmentation of appropriations.—Funds provided by a border State under subparagraph (A)—

"(i) shall not be considered to be an augmentation of the appropriations made available to the General Services Administration; and

"(ii) shall be—

     "(I) administered, subject to paragraph (1)(B), in accordance with the procedures of the General Services Administration; but

     "(II) available for obligation in the same manner as if the funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code.

"(3) Obligation authority.—Obligation authority shall be transferred to the General Services Administration for a project in the same manner and amount as the funds provided for the project under paragraph (1).

"(4) Limitation on transfer of funds.—No State may transfer to the General Services Administration under this subsection an amount that is more than the lesser of—

"(A) 15 percent of the aggregate amount of funds apportioned to the State under this section for such fiscal year; or

"(B) $5,000,000.

"(f) Applicability of Title 23.—Funds made available to carry out this section shall be available for obligation in the same manner as if such funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code; except that, subject to subsection (e), such funds shall not be transferable and shall remain available until expended, and the Federal share of the cost of a project under this section shall be determined in accordance with section 120 of such title.

"(g) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions apply:

"(1) Border region.—The term 'border region' means any portion of a border State within 100 miles of an international land border with Canada or Mexico.

"(2) Border state.—The term 'border State' means any State that has an international land border with Canada or Mexico.

"(3) Commercial truck.—The term 'commercial truck' means a commercial motor vehicle as defined in section 31301(4) (other than subparagraph (B)) of title 49, United States Code.

"(4) Motor vehicle.—The term 'motor vehicle' has the meaning such term has under section 101(a) of title 23, United States Code.

"(5) State.—The term 'State' has the meaning such term has in section 101(a) of such title 23."

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1119, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 163, provided that:

"(a) General Authority.—The Secretary shall establish and implement a coordinated border infrastructure program under which the Secretary may make allocations to border States and metropolitan planning organizations for areas within the boundaries of 1 or more border States for projects to improve the safe movement of people and goods at or across the border between the United States and Canada and the border between the United States and Mexico.

"(b) Eligible Uses.—Allocations to States and metropolitan planning organizations under this section may only be used in a border region for—

"(1) improvements to existing transportation and supporting infrastructure that facilitate cross-border vehicle and cargo movements;

"(2) construction of highways and related safety and safety enforcement facilities that will facilitate vehicle and cargo movements related to international trade;

"(3) operational improvements, including improvements relating to electronic data interchange and use of telecommunications, to expedite cross border vehicle and cargo movement;

"(4) modifications to regulatory procedures to expedite cross border vehicle and cargo movements;

"(5) international coordination of planning, programming, and border operation with Canada and Mexico relating to expediting cross border vehicle and cargo movements; and

"(6) activities of Federal inspection agencies.

"(c) Selection Criteria.—The Secretary shall make allocations under this section on the basis of—

"(1) expected reduction in commercial and other motor vehicle travel time through an international border crossing as a result of the project;

"(2) improvements in vehicle and highway safety and cargo security related to motor vehicles crossing a border with Canada or Mexico;

"(3) strategies to increase the use of existing, underutilized border crossing facilities and approaches;

"(4) leveraging of Federal funds provided under this section, including use of innovative financing, combination of such funds with funding provided under other sections of this Act [see Tables for classification], and combination with other sources of Federal, State, local, or private funding;

"(5) degree of multinational involvement in the project and demonstrated coordination with other Federal agencies responsible for the inspection of vehicles, cargo, and persons crossing international borders and their counterpart agencies in Canada and Mexico;

"(6) improvements in vehicle and highway safety and cargo security in and through the gateway or affected port of entry concerned;

"(7) the degree of demonstrated coordination with Federal inspection agencies;

"(8) the extent to which the innovative and problem solving techniques of the proposed project would be applicable to other border stations or ports of entry;

"(9) demonstrated local commitment to implement and sustain continuing comprehensive border or affected port of entry planning processes and improvement programs; and

"(10) such other factors as the Secretary determines are appropriate to promote border transportation efficiency and safety.

"(d) Construction of Transportation Infrastructure for Law Enforcement Purposes.—At the request of the Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Secretary may transfer, during the period of fiscal years 1998 through 2001, not more than $10,000,000 of the amounts made available by section 1101 [set out in part as a note below] to carry out this section and section 1118 [set out above] to the Administrator of General Services for the construction of transportation infrastructure necessary for law enforcement in border States.

"(e) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions apply:

"(1) Border region.—The term 'border region' means the portion of a border State in the vicinity of an international border with Canada or Mexico.

"(2) Border state.—The term 'border State' means any State that has a boundary in common with Canada or Mexico."

Highway Economic Requirement System

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1213(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 199, provided that:

"(1) Methodology.—

"(A) Evaluation.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an evaluation of the methodology used by the Department of Transportation to determine highway needs using the highway economic requirement system (in this subsection referred to as the 'model').

"(B) Required element.—The evaluation shall include an assessment of the extent to which the model estimates an optimal level of highway infrastructure investment, including an assessment as to when the model may be overestimating or underestimating investment requirements.

"(C) Report to congress.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998], the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the evaluation.

"(2) State investment plans.—

"(A) Study.—In consultation with State transportation departments and other appropriate State and local officials, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on the extent to which the model can be used to provide States with useful information for developing State transportation investment plans and State infrastructure investment projections.

"(B) Required elements.—The study shall—

"(i) identify any additional data that may need to be collected beyond the data submitted, before the date of enactment of this Act, to the Federal Highway Administration through the highway performance monitoring system; and

"(ii) identify what additional work, if any, would be required of the Federal Highway Administration and the States to make the model useful at the State level.

"(C) Report to congress.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the study."

Southwest Border Transportation Infrastructure

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1213(d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 200, provided that:

"(1) Assessment.—The Secretary shall conduct a comprehensive assessment of the state of the transportation infrastructure on the southwest border between the United States and Mexico (in this subsection referred to as the 'border').

"(2) Consultation.—In carrying out the assessment, the Secretary shall consult with—

"(A) the Secretary of State;

"(B) the Attorney General;

"(C) the Secretary of the Treasury;

"(D) the Commandant of the Coast Guard;

"(E) the Administrator of General Services;

"(F) the American Commissioner on the International Boundary Commission, United States and Mexico;

"(G) State agencies responsible for transportation and law enforcement in border States; and

"(H) municipal governments and transportation authorities in sister cities in the border area.

"(3) Requirements.—In carrying out the assessment, the Secretary shall—

"(A) assess the flow of commercial and private traffic through designated ports of entry on the border;

"(B) assess the adequacy of transportation infrastructure in the border area, including highways, bridges, railway lines, and border inspection facilities;

"(C) assess the adequacy of law enforcement and narcotics abatement activities in the border area, as the activities relate to commercial and private traffic and infrastructure;

"(D) assess future demands on transportation infrastructure in the border area; and

"(E) make recommendations to facilitate legitimate cross-border traffic in the border area, while maintaining the integrity of the border.

"(4) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998], the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the assessment conducted under this subsection, including any related legislative and administrative recommendations."

Transportation, Community, and System Preservation Program

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1117(a)–(g), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1177, 1178, provided that:

"(a) Establishment.—In cooperation with appropriate State, tribal, regional, and local governments, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall establish a comprehensive program to address the relationships among transportation, community, and system preservation plans and practices and identify private sector-based initiatives to improve such relationships.

"(b) Purpose.—Through the program under this section, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall facilitate the planning, development, and implementation of strategies to integrate transportation, community, and system preservation plans and practices that address one or more of the following:

"(1) Improve the efficiency of the transportation system of the United States.

"(2) Reduce the impacts of transportation on the environment.

"(3) Reduce the need for costly future investments in public infrastructure.

"(4) Provide efficient access to jobs, services, and centers of trade.

"(5) Examine community development patterns and identify strategies to encourage private sector development that achieves the purposes identified in paragraphs (1) through (4).

"(c) General Authority.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall allocate funds made available to carry out this section to States, metropolitan planning organizations, local governments, and tribal governments to carry out eligible projects to integrate transportation, community, and system preservation plans and practices.

"(d) Eligibility.—A project described in subsection (c) is an eligible project under this section if the project—

"(1) is eligible for assistance under title 23 or chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code; or

"(2) is to conduct any other activity relating to transportation, community, and system preservation that the Secretary [of Transportation] determines to be appropriate, including corridor preservation activities that are necessary to implement one or more of the following:

"(A) Transit-oriented development plans.

"(B) Traffic calming measures.

"(C) Other coordinated transportation, community, and system preservation practices.

"(e) Criteria.—In allocating funds made available to carry out this section, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall give priority consideration to applicants that—

"(1) have instituted preservation or development plans and programs that—

"(A) are coordinated with State and local preservation or development plans, including transit-oriented development plans;

"(B) promote cost-effective and strategic investments in transportation infrastructure that minimize adverse impacts on the environment; or

"(C) promote innovative private sector strategies;

"(2) have instituted other policies to integrate transportation, community, and system preservation practices, such as—

"(A) spending policies that direct funds to high-growth areas;

"(B) urban growth boundaries to guide metropolitan expansion;

"(C) 'green corridors' programs that provide access to major highway corridors for areas targeted for efficient and compact development; or

"(D) other similar programs or policies as determined by the Secretary;

"(3) have preservation or development policies that include a mechanism for reducing potential impacts of transportation activities on the environment;

"(4) demonstrate a commitment to public and private involvement, including the involvement of nontraditional partners in the project team; and

"(5) examine ways to encourage private sector investments that address the purposes of this section.

"(f) Equitable Distribution.—In allocating funds to carry out this section, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall ensure the equitable distribution of funds to a diversity of populations and geographic regions.

"(g) Funding.—

"(1) In general.—There is authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out this section $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2005 and $61,250,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2009.

"(2) Contract authority.—Funds made available to carry out this section shall be available for obligation in the same manner as if the funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code; except that such funds shall not be transferable, and the Federal share for projects and activities carried out with such funds shall be determined in accordance with section 120(b) of title 23, United States Code."

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1221, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 221, as amended by Pub. L. 108–88, §5(a)(9), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1114; Pub. L. 108–202, §5(a)(9), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 481; Pub. L. 108–224, §4(a)(9), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 629; Pub. L. 108–263, §4(a)(9), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 700; Pub. L. 108–280, §4(a)(9), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 108–310, §5(a)(9), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 109–14, §4(a)(9), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 327; Pub. L. 109–20, §4(a)(9), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 348; Pub. L. 109–35, §4(a)(9), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 109–37, §4(a)(9), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 109–40, §4(a)(9), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 412, which related to a transportation and community and system preservation pilot program and authorized appropriations to carry out such program through July 30, 2005, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1117(h), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1179.

Transportation Assistance for Olympic Cities

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1223, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 224, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9003(j), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 842, provided that:

"(a) Purpose.—The purpose of this section is to authorize the provision of assistance for, and support of, State and local efforts concerning surface transportation issues necessary to obtain the national recognition and economic benefits of participation in the International Olympic movement, the International Paralympic movement, and the Special Olympics International movement by hosting international quadrennial Olympic and Paralympic events, and Special Olympics International events, in the United States.

"(b) Priority for Transportation Projects Relating to Olympic, Paralympic, and Special Olympic Events.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, from funds available to carry out [former] sections 118(c) and 144(g)(1) of title 23, United States Code, the Secretary may give priority to funding for a transportation project relating to an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event, or a Special Olympics International event, if—

"(1) the project meets the extraordinary needs associated with an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event or a Special Olympics International event; and

"(2) the project is otherwise eligible for assistance under [former] sections 118(c) and 144(g)(1) of such title.

"(c) Transportation Planning Activities.—The Secretary may participate in—

"(1) planning activities of States and metropolitan planning organizations and transportation projects relating to an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event, or a Special Olympics International event, under sections 134 and 135 of title 23, United States Code; and

"(2) developing intermodal transportation plans necessary for the projects in coordination with State and local transportation agencies.

"(d) Funding.—Notwithstanding section 5001(a) [112 Stat. 419], from funds made available under such section, the Secretary may provide assistance for the development of an Olympic, a Paralympic, and a Special Olympics transportation management plan in cooperation with an Olympic Organizing Committee responsible for hosting, and State and local communities affected by, an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event or a Special Olympics International event.

"(e) Transportation Projects Relating to Olympic, Paralympic, and Special Olympic Events.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary may provide assistance, including planning, capital, and operating assistance, to States and local governments in carrying out transportation projects relating to an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event or a Special Olympics International event.

"(2) Federal share.—The Federal share of the cost of a project assisted under this subsection shall not exceed 80 percent.

"(f) Eligible Governments.—A State or local government shall be eligible to receive assistance under this section only if the government is hosting a venue that is part of an international quadrennial Olympics that is officially selected by the International Olympic Committee or Special Olympics International.

"(g) Authorization of Appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out this section such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 1998 through 2003."

Discretionary Grant Selection Criteria and Process

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1311, as added by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9004(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 842, provided that:

"(a) Establishment of Criteria.—The Secretary shall establish criteria for all discretionary programs funded from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account). To the extent practicable, such criteria shall conform to the Executive Order No. 12893 [31 U.S.C. 501 note] (relating to infrastructure investment).

"(b) Selection Process.—

"(1) Limitation on acceptance of applications.—Before accepting applications for grants under any discretionary program for which funds are authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) by this Act [see Tables for classification] (including the amendments made by this Act), the Secretary shall publish the criteria established under subsection (a). Such publication shall identify all statutory criteria and any criteria established by regulation that will apply to the program.

"(2) Explanation.—Not less often than quarterly, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a list of the projects selected under discretionary programs funded from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) and an explanation of how the projects were selected based on the criteria established under subsection (a).

"(c) Minimum Covered Programs.—At a minimum, the criteria established under subsection (a) and the selection process established by subsection (b) shall apply to the following programs:

"(1) The intelligent transportation system deployment program under title V [see Tables for classification].

"(2) The national corridor planning and development program.

"(3) The coordinated border infrastructure and safety program.

"(4) The construction of ferry boats and ferry terminal facilities.

"(5) The national scenic byways program.

"(6) The Interstate discretionary program.

"(7) The discretionary bridge program."

Compliance With Buy American Act

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §359(c), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 627, directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study on compliance with Buy American Act (see 41 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.) with respect to contracts entered into using amounts made available from Highway Trust Fund and not later than 1 year after Nov. 28, 1995, transmit to Congress report on results.

Disadvantaged Business Enterprises

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11101(e), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 448, provided that:

"(1) Findings.—Congress finds that—

"(A) while significant progress has occurred due to the establishment of the disadvantaged business enterprise program, discrimination and related barriers continue to pose significant obstacles for minority- and women-owned businesses seeking to do business in Federally assisted surface transportation markets across the United States;

"(B) the continuing barriers described in subparagraph (A) merit the continuation of the disadvantaged business enterprise program;

"(C) Congress has received and reviewed testimony and documentation of race and gender discrimination from numerous sources, including congressional hearings and roundtables, scientific reports, reports issued by public and private agencies, news stories, reports of discrimination by organizations and individuals, and discrimination lawsuits, which show that race- and gender-neutral efforts alone are insufficient to address the problem;

"(D) the testimony and documentation described in subparagraph (C) demonstrate that discrimination across the United States poses a barrier to full and fair participation in surface transportation-related businesses of women business owners and minority business owners and has impacted firm development and many aspects of surface transportation-related business in the public and private markets; and

"(E) the testimony and documentation described in subparagraph (C) provide a strong basis that there is a compelling need for the continuation of the disadvantaged business enterprise program to address race and gender discrimination in surface transportation-related business.

"(2) Definitions.—In this subsection:

"(A) Small business concern.—

"(i) In general.—The term 'small business concern' means a small business concern (as the term is used in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)).

"(ii) Exclusions.—The term 'small business concern' does not include any concern or group of concerns controlled by the same socially and economically disadvantaged individual or individuals that have average annual gross receipts during the preceding 3 fiscal years in excess of $26,290,000, as adjusted annually by the Secretary [of Transportation] for inflation.

"(B) Socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.—The term 'socially and economically disadvantaged individuals' has the meaning given the term in section 8(d) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(d)) and relevant subcontracting regulations issued pursuant to that Act [15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.], except that women shall be presumed to be socially and economically disadvantaged individuals for purposes of this subsection.

"(3) Amounts for small business concerns.—Except to the extent that the Secretary determines otherwise, not less than 10 percent of the amounts made available for any program under this division [see Tables for classification] (other than section 14004 [amending section 202 of this title]), division C [amending section 601 of this title and sections 5302 to 5305, 5309, 5311, 5312, 5318, 5323, 5324, 5329, and 5334 to 5339 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5312, 5329, and 5336 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 5303 and 5309 of Title 49], and section 403 of title 23, United States Code, shall be expended through small business concerns owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.

"(4) Annual listing of disadvantaged business enterprises.—Each State shall annually—

"(A) survey and compile a list of the small business concerns referred to in paragraph (3) in the State, including the location of the small business concerns in the State; and

"(B) notify the Secretary, in writing, of the percentage of the small business concerns that are controlled by—

"(i) women;

"(ii) socially and economically disadvantaged individuals (other than women); and

"(iii) individuals who are women and are otherwise socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.

"(5) Uniform certification.—

"(A) In general.—The Secretary shall establish minimum uniform criteria for use by State governments in certifying whether a concern qualifies as a small business concern for the purpose of this subsection.

"(B) Inclusions.—The minimum uniform criteria established under subparagraph (A) shall include, with respect to a potential small business concern—

"(i) on-site visits;

"(ii) personal interviews with personnel;

"(iii) issuance or inspection of licenses;

"(iv) analyses of stock ownership;

"(v) listings of equipment;

"(vi) analyses of bonding capacity;

"(vii) listings of work completed;

"(viii) examination of the resumes of principal owners;

"(ix) analyses of financial capacity; and

"(x) analyses of the type of work preferred.

"(6) Reporting.—The Secretary shall establish minimum requirements for use by State governments in reporting to the Secretary—

"(A) information concerning disadvantaged business enterprise awards, commitments, and achievements; and

"(B) such other information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate for the proper monitoring of the disadvantaged business enterprise program.

"(7) Compliance with court orders.—Nothing in this subsection limits the eligibility of an individual or entity to receive funds made available under this division, division C, and section 403 of title 23, United States Code, if the entity or person is prevented, in whole or in part, from complying with paragraph (3) because a Federal court issues a final order in which the court finds that a requirement or the implementation of paragraph (3) is unconstitutional.

"(8) Sense of congress on prompt payment of dbe subcontractors.—It is the sense of Congress that—

"(A) the Secretary should take additional steps to ensure that recipients comply with section 26.29 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (the disadvantaged business enterprises prompt payment rule), or any corresponding regulation, in awarding Federally funded transportation contracts under laws and regulations administered by the Secretary; and

"(B) such additional steps should include increasing the ability of the Department [of Transportation] to track and keep records of complaints and to make that information publicly available."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior acts:

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1101(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1323.

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1101(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 414.

Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §451, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 96.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1101(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1156, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1573.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1101(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 113.

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1919.

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §106(c), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 145.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(s), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 334, provided that: "Amounts made available under the amendments made by this section [amending sections 5307, 5309, and 5338 of Title 49, Transportation, and provisions set out as notes under section 322 of this title and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] shall be treated for purposes of section 1101(b) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178] (23 U.S.C. 101 note) as amounts made available for programs under title III of such Act [see Tables for classification]."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior acts:

Pub. L. 108–310, §8(t), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1158.

Pub. L. 108–88, §8(t), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1126, as amended by Pub. L. 108–202, §9(t), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 489; Pub. L. 108–224, §7(t), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 637; Pub. L. 108–263, §7(t), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 108–280, §7(t), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 885.

Highway Use Tax Evasion Projects

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1040, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1992, as amended by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §325(f), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1122(b), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 725; Pub. L. 105–130, §5(c)(1), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2557, related to highway use tax evasion projects, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1114(b)(2), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 154. See section 143 of this title.

Scenic Byways Program

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1047, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1996, as amended by Pub. L. 105–130, §5(c)(2), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2557, provided that:

"(a) Scenic Byways Advisory Committee.—

"(1) Establishment.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], the Secretary shall establish in the Department of Transportation an advisory committee to assist the Secretary with respect to establishment of a national scenic byways program under title 23, United States Code.

"(2) Membership.—The advisory committee established under this section shall be composed of 17 members as follows:

"(A) The Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration or the designee of the Administrator who shall serve as chairman of the advisory committee.

"(B) The Chief of the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture or the designee of the Chief.

"(C) The Director of the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior or the designee of the Director.

"(D) The Director of the Bureau of Land Management of the Department of the Interior or the designee of the Director.

"(E) The Under Secretary for Travel and Tourism of the Department of Commerce or the designee of the Under Secretary.

"(F) The Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior or the designee of the Assistant Secretary.

"(G) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the interests of conservationists on the advisory committee.

"(H) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary of Transportation who is specially qualified to represent the interests of recreational users of scenic byways on the advisory committee.

"(I) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the interests of the tourism industry on the advisory committee.

"(J) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the interests of historic preservationists on the advisory committee.

"(K) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the interests of highway users on the advisory committee.

"(L) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary to represent State highway and transportation officials.

"(M) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary to represent local highway and transportation officials.

"(N) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to serve on the advisory committee as a planner.

"(O) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the motoring public.

"(P) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent groups interested in scenic preservation.

"(Q) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who represents the outdoor advertising industry.

Individuals appointed as members of the advisory committee under subparagraphs (G) through (P) may be State and local government officials. Members shall serve without compensation other than for reasonable expenses incident to functions of the advisory committee.

"(3) Functions.—The advisory committee established under this subsection shall develop and make to the Secretary recommendations regarding minimum criteria for use by State and Federal agencies in designating highways as scenic byways and as all-American roads for purposes of a national scenic byways program to be established under title 23, United States Code. Such recommendations shall include recommendations on the following:

"(A) Consideration of the scenic beauty and historic significance of highways proposed for designation as scenic byways and all-American roads and the areas surrounding such highways.

"(B) Operation and management standards for highways designated as scenic byways and all-American roads, including strategies for maintaining or improving the qualities for which a highway is designated as a scenic byway or all-American road, for protecting and enhancing the landscape and view corridors surrounding such a highway, and for minimizing traffic congestion on such a highway.

"(C)(i) Standards for scenic byway-related signs, including those which identify highways as scenic byways and all-American roads.

"(ii) The advisability of uniform signs identifying highways as components of the scenic byway system.

"(D) Standards for maintaining highway safety on the scenic byway system.

"(E) Design review procedures for location of highway facilities, landscaping, and travelers' facilities on the scenic byway system.

"(F) Procedures for reviewing and terminating the designation of a highway designated as a scenic byway.

"(G) Such other matters as the advisory committee may deem appropriate.

"(H) Such other matters for which the Secretary may request recommendations.

"(4) Report.—Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], the advisory committee established under this section shall submit to the Secretary and Congress a report containing the recommendations described in paragraph (3).

"(b) Technical and Financial Assistance.—The Secretary shall provide technical assistance to the States (as such term is defined under section 101 of title 23, United States Code) and shall make grants to the States for the planning, design, and development of State scenic byway programs.

"(c) Federal Share.—The Federal share payable for the costs of planning, design, and development of State scenic byway programs under this section shall be 80 percent.

"(d) Funding.—There shall be available to the Secretary for carrying out this section (other than subsection (f)), out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account), $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1992, $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1994, $14,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1995, 1996, and 1997, and $7,000,000 for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998. Such sums shall remain available until expended.

"(e) Contract Authority.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, approval by the Secretary of a grant under this section shall be deemed a contractual obligation of the United States for payment of the Federal share of the cost of activities for which the grant is being made.

"(f) Interim Scenic Byways Program.—

"(1) Grant program.—During fiscal years 1992, 1993, and 1994, the Secretary may make grants to any State which has a scenic highway program for carrying out eligible projects on highways which the State has designated as scenic byways.

"(2) Priority projects.—In making grants under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall give priority to—

"(A) those eligible projects which are included in a corridor management plan for maintaining scenic, historic, recreational, cultural, and archeological characteristics of the corridor while providing for accommodation of increased tourism and development of related amenities;

"(B) those eligible projects for which a strong local commitment is demonstrated for implementing the management plans and protecting the characteristics for which the highway is likely to be designated as a scenic byway;

"(C) those eligible projects which are included in programs which can serve as models for other States to follow when establishing and designing scenic byways on an intrastate or interstate basis; and

"(D) those eligible projects in multi-State corridors where the States submit joint applications.

"(3) Eligible projects.—The following are projects which are eligible for Federal assistance under this subsection:

"(A) Planning, design, and development of State scenic byway programs.

"(B) Making safety improvements to a highway designated as a scenic byway under this subsection to the extent such improvements are necessary to accommodate increased traffic, and changes in the types of vehicles using the highway, due to such designation.

"(C) Construction along the highway of facilities for the use of pedestrians and bicyclists, rest areas, turnouts, highway shoulder improvements, passing lanes, overlooks, and interpretive facilities.

"(D) Improvements to the highway which will enhance access to an area for the purpose of recreation, including water-related recreation.

"(E) Protecting historical and cultural resources in areas adjacent to the highway.

"(F) Developing and providing tourist information to the public, including interpretive information about the scenic byway.

"(4) Federal share.—The Federal share payable for the costs of carrying out projects and developing programs under this subsection with funds made available pursuant to this subsection shall be 80 percent.

"(5) Funding.—There shall be available to the Secretary for carrying out this subsection, out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account), $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1992, $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1994. Such sums shall remain available until expended.

"(g) Limitation.—The Secretary shall not make a grant under this section for any project which would not protect the scenic, historic, recreational, cultural, natural, and archeological integrity of the highway and adjacent area. The Secretary may not use more than 10 percent of the funds authorized for each fiscal year under subsection (f)(5) for removal of any outdoor advertising sign, display, or device.

"(h) Treatment of Scenic Highways in Oregon.—For purposes of this section, a highway designated as a scenic highway in the State of Oregon shall be treated as a scenic byway."

Commemoration of Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways

Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, §6012, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2180, provided that:

"(a) Study.—The Secretary shall conduct a study to determine an appropriate symbol or emblem to be placed on highway signs referring to the Interstate System to commemorate the vision of President Dwight D. Eisenhower in creating the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways].

"(b) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a report on the results of the study under this section."

Designation of National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways

Pub. L. 101–427, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 927, as amended by Pub. L. 107–217, §6(b), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1304; Pub. L. 108–178, §2(b)(3), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2640, provided: "That—

"(a) notwithstanding any other provision of law, The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways shall be redesignated as 'The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways'; and

"(b) any reference before the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 15, 1990] in any provision of law, regulation, map, sign, or otherwise to The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways shall be deemed to refer, on and after such date, to The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways."

Signs Identifying Funding Sources

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §154, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 209, which related to erection of signs indicating sources of funding on projects under construction with funds from the Highway Trust Fund, was repealed and restated in section 321 of this title by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1901(a), (c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1464.

Eligibility for Federal-Aid Highway Funds of Projects Involving Improvements in Vicinity of Interchanges Necessary To Upgrade Safety of Primary Routes Not on Common Alignment With Interstate Route

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §128, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2118, provided that: "In any case where a project involving a Federal-aid primary route not on the Interstate System, and a route on the Interstate System which was originally constructed without the expenditure of any funds authorized under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out as a note below], and was subsequently added to the Interstate System, both occupying a common alignment and having elements which have been approved in concept by the Secretary of Transportation as part of a project providing for the upgrading of an interchange on such Interstate route, the cost of improvements in the vicinity of the interchange necessary to upgrade the safety of that part of such Federal-aid primary route not on a common alignment with such Interstate route in an environmentally acceptable manner shall be eligible for the expenditure of funds authorized by such section 108(b)."

Study of Future Transportation Professional Manpower Needs; Report

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §135, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2125, provided that: "The Secretary of Transportation shall undertake to enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences' Transportation Research Board to conduct a comprehensive study and investigation of future transportation professional manpower needs, including but not limited to prevailing methods of recruitment, training, and financial and other incentives and disincentives which encourage or discourage retention in service of such professional manpower by Federal, State, and local governments. In entering into any arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences for conducting such study and investigation, the Secretary shall request the National Academy of Sciences to report to the Secretary and the Congress not later than two years after the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1983] on the results of such study and investigation, together with its recommendations. The Secretary shall furnish to the Academy at its request any information which the Academy deems necessary for the purpose of conducting the study and investigation authorized by this section."

Change in Location of Interstate Segments

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §139, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2127, as amended by Pub. L. 100–457, title III, §348, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2156, provided that:

"(a) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 4(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 [section 4(b) of Pub. L. 97–134, which amended section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, set out as a note under this section] the Secretary of Transportation may approve a change in location of any Interstate route or segment and approve, in lieu thereof, the construction of such Interstate route or segment on a new location if the original location of such route or segment meets the following criteria: (1) it has been designated under [former] section 103(e) of title 23, United States Code; (2) it is serving Interstate travel as of the date of enactment of this section [Jan. 6, 1983]; (3) it requires improvements which are eligible under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 [see Short Title of 1981 Amendment note above] and which would either involve major modifications in order to meet acceptable standards or result in severe environmental impacts and such major modifications or mitigation measures relating to the environmental impacts are not cost effective. The cost of the construction of such Interstate route or segment on new location with funds available under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out as a note below], shall not exceed the estimated cost of the eligible improvements on the original location as eligible under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 and included in the 1983 interstate cost estimate as approved by the Congress. Such cost shall be increased or decreased, as determined by the Secretary, based on changes in construction costs of the original location of the route or segment as of the date of approval of each project on the new location. Upon approval of a new location, and funds apportioned under [former] section 104(b)(5)(A) of title 23, United States Code, which were expended on the route or segment in the original location shall be refunded to the Highway Trust Fund and credited to the unobligated balance of the State's apportionment made under [former] section 104(b)(5)(A) of title 23, United States Code, and other eligible Federal-aid highway funds may be substituted in lieu thereof at the appropriate Federal share.

"(b) Where the Secretary of Transportation approves a relocation of an Interstate route or segment under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, such route or segment shall not be eligible for withdrawal under the provisions of [former] section 103(e)(4) of title 23, United States Code, and shall be subject to the Interstate System completion deadlines provided in subsections (d) and (e) of section 107 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 [Pub. L. 95–599, formerly set out as notes under section 103 of this title] or subject to Interstate System completion deadlines as may be determined by Congress.

"(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section or of any other provision of law, any project involving the relocation of any Interstate route or segment that is approved by the Secretary of Transportation under subsection (a) shall be eligible for discretionary funds made available under [former] section 118(b)(2)(B) of title 23, United States Code."

Buy America

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §165, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2136, as amended by Pub. L. 98–229, §10, Mar. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 57; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§133(a)(6), 337(a)(1), (b), (c), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 171, 241; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1048, title III, §3003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1999, 2088; Pub. L. 103–272, §4(r), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1371; Pub. L. 103–429, §7(a)(3)(E), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4389, which prohibited obligation of funds unless steel, iron, and manufactured products used in the project had been produced in the United States, was repealed and restated in section 313 of this title by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1903(a), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1464, 1465.

Use of Articles Mined or Manufactured in United States

Pub. L. 95–599, title IV, §401, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2756, as amended by Pub. L. 97–327, §6, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1613, which required that articles, materials, and supplies used in projects administered by Department of Transportation be mined or produced in United States, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §165(e), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2137.

Intercity Portions of Interstate System; Construction of Projects; Report to Congress; Exemption

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §102(b), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425, provided that at least 30 percent of the apportionment made to each State for each of the fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1978, and Sept. 30, 1979, of the sums authorized in section 102(a) of Pub. L. 94–280 be expended by such State for projects for the construction of intercity portions which would close essential gaps in the Interstate System and provide a continuous System; that the Secretary of Transportation report to Congress before Oct. 1, 1976, on those intercity portions of the Interstate System the construction of which would be needed to close essential gaps in the System; and that a State which did not have sufficient projects to meet the 30 percent requirement would, upon approval of the Secretary of Transportation, be exempt from the requirement to the extent of such inability.

Interstate System; Prohibition of Obligation of Funds for Resurfacing, Restoration, or Rehabilitation Projects

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §102(c), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 426, provided that no part of the funds authorized by section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out as a note below], for the Interstate System, shall be obligated for any project for resurfacing, restoring, or rehabilitating any portion of the Interstate System.

Interstate Funding Study; Report and Recommendations to Congress

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §150, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 447, directed Secretary of Transportation to undertake a complete study of the financing of completion of the Interstate Highway System and report to Congress within nine months the results of the study, and to submit to Congress within one year his recommendations regarding the need to provide Federal financial assistance for resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation of routes of the System together with results of a study of alternative means of assuring that the high level of transportation service provided by the System is maintained.

Study of Highway Needs To Solve Energy Problems; Investigation and Study; Report to Congress

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §153, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 448, directed Secretary of Transportation to make an investigation and study for the purpose of determining the need for special Federal assistance in the construction or reconstruction of highways on the Federal-aid system necessary for the transportation of coal or other uses in order to promote the solution of the Nation's energy problems; that such study include appropriate consultations with the Secretary of the Interior, the Administrator of the Federal Energy Administration, and other appropriate Federal and State officials; that the Secretary report the results of such investigation and study together with his recommendations, to the Congress not later than one year after May 5, 1976; and that, in order to carry out the study, the Secretary use such funds as were available to him for such purposes under section 104(a) of this title.

National Transportation Policy Study Commission; Establishment; Termination; Etc.

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §154, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 448, as amended by Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §137(a), (b)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2710, established National Transportation Policy Study Commission; directed Commission, not later than July 1, 1979, to make an investigation and study and report to the President and Congress on the transportation needs and the resources, requirements, and policies of the United States to meet such expected needs; and provided for the Commission to terminate six months after the report.

Consent of Governing Body for Expenditure of Funds

Pub. L. 93–643, §102(d), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2282, provided that no funds appropriated under the expanded definition of this section [23 U.S.C. 101(a)] shall be expended without the formal consent of the governing body of the tribe band or group of Indians or Alaskan Natives for whose use the Indian reservation roads and bridges are intended.

Carpool Demonstration Projects in Urban Areas; Appropriations Authorization

Pub. L. 93–643, §120(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2289, relating to grants for demonstration projects designed to encourage the use of carpools in urban areas, was repealed by Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §126(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2706. See section 146 of this title.

Emergency Highway Energy Conservation

Pub. L. 93–239, §§1–3, Jan. 2, 1974, 87 Stat. 1046, 1047, as amended by Pub. L. 93–643, §§114(c), 120(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 83 Stat. 2286, 2289; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §143, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 445; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §126(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2706, provided:

"[Section 1. Short title]. That this Act be cited as the 'Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act'.

"Sec. 2. [Repealed. Pub. L. 93–643, §114(c), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2086.]

"Sec. 3. [Repealed. Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §126(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2706.]"

Section 4 of Pub. L. 93–239 amended section 601(d) of Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended [section 1421(d) of former Title 49, Transportation], relating to emergency locator transmitters.

Future Highway Needs: Reports to Congress

Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §121, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1725, provided that:

"(a) The Secretary of Transportation shall develop and include in the report of Congress required to be submitted in January 1972, by section 3 of the Act of August 28, 1965 (79 Stat. 578; Public Law 89–139) [set out below], specific recommendations for the functional realinement of the Federal-aid systems. These recommendations shall be based on the functional classification study made in cooperation with the State highway departments and local governments as required by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968 [see section 17 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note below] and submitted to the Congress in 1970, and the functional classification study now underway of the Federal-aid systems in 1990.

"(b) As a part of the future highway needs report to be submitted to Congress in January 1972, the Secretary shall also make recommendations to the Congress for a continuing Federal-aid highway program for the period 1976 to 1990. The needs estimates to be used in developing such programs shall be in conformance with the functional classification studies referred to in subsection (a) of this section and the recommendations for the functional realinement required by such subsection.

"(c) The recommendations required by subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be determined on the basis of studies now being conducted by the Secretary in cooperation with the State highway departments and local governments, and, in urban areas of more than fifty thousand population, utilizing the cooperative continuing comprehensive transportation planning process conducted in accordance with section 134 of title 23, United States Code. The highway needs estimates prepared by the States in connection with this report to Congress shall be submitted to Congress by the Secretary, together with his recommendations.

"(d) As a part of the future highway needs report to be submitted to Congress on January 1972, the Secretary shall report to Congress the Federal-aid urban system as designated, and the cost of its construction."

Pub. L. 89–139, §3, Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578, which had required the submitting of a report to Congress every second year as to the estimates of the future highway needs of the Nation, and Pub. L. 90–495, §17, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 823, which had required that the report include the results of a systematic nationwide functional highway classification study, were repealed by Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §160(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2135.

Studies of Need for and Survey of Highway Construction Programs for Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands

Pub. L. 90–495, §29, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 830, directed the Secretary of Transportation, in cooperation with the government of Guam, the government of American Samoa, and the government of the Virgin Islands, to make studies of the need for, and estimates and planning surveys relative to, highway construction programs for Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands, and to submit a report to Congress on or before April 1, 1969.

Pub. L. 89–574, §13, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 770, as amended by Pub. L. 97–449, §2(a), Jan. 2, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, directed the Secretary, in cooperation with the government of Guam, the government of American Samoa, and the government of the Virgin Islands to make studies of the need for, and estimates and planning surveys relative to, highway construction programs for Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands, and to submit a report to Congress on or before July 1, 1967.

Report and Recommendations of Secretary of Commerce

Pub. L. 85–767, §5, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 921, directed Secretary of Commerce to submit to Congress not later than Feb. 1, 1959, a report on progress made in attaining objectives set forth in this section, together with recommendations.

Section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956

Act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title I, §108(b), 70 Stat. 378, as amended by Pub. L. 85–381, §7(a), Apr. 16, 1958, 72 Stat. 93; Pub. L. 86–342, title I, §102, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 611; Pub. L. 87–61, title I §103, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122; Pub. L. 89–139, §1, Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578; Pub. L. 89–574, §2, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 90–495, §2, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 91–605 title I, §§102, 106(b)(1), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1714, 1716; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §102, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 250; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §102(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §102, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2689; Pub. L. 97–134, §4(a), (b), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1700; Pub. L. 97–327, §2, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1611; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §§102, 127(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2097, 2117; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§104, 138, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 142, 175; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1001(f), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1916; Pub. L. 103–331, title III, §335(c), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2494, provided that: "For the purpose of expediting the construction, reconstruction, or improvement, inclusive of necessary bridges and tunnels, of the Interstate System, including extensions thereof through urban areas, designated in accordance with the provisions of [former] subsection (e) of section 103 of title 23, United States Code, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the additional sum of $1,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957, which sum shall be in addition to the authorization heretofore made for that year, the additional sum of $1,700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, the additional sum of $2,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1960, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1961, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1962, the additional sum of $2,400,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, the additional sum of $2,600,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, the additional sum of $2,700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, the additional sum of $2,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, the additional sum of $3,400,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, the additional sum of $3,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, the additional sum of $2,600,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1977, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, the additional sum of $3,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, the additional sum of $3,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982, the additional sum of $3,100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1983, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1984, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1985, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1986, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1987, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1988, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1989, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1990, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1991, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1992, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1994, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1995, and the additional sum of $1,800,000,000, reduced by the amount made available under section 1045(b)(1)(B) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102–240, as amended by Pub. L. 103–331, title III, §335(a), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2494, which is not classified to the Code], for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize the appropriation of any sums to carry out sections 131, 136, or 319(b) of title 23, United States Code, or any provision of law relating to highway safety enacted after May 1, 1966. Beginning with funds authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1980, no such funds shall be available for projects to expand or clear zones immediately adjacent to the paved roadway of routes designed prior to February, 1967. Effective on and after the date of enactment of this sentence [Dec. 29, 1981], the obligation of funds authorized by this subsection, except for advance construction interstate projects approved before the date of enactment of this sentence, shall be limited to the construction necessary to provide a minimum level of acceptable service on the Interstate System which shall consist of (1) full access control; (2) a pavement design to accommodate the types and volumes of traffic anticipated for the twenty-year period from date of authorization of the initial basic construction contract; (3) essential environmental requirements; (4) a design of not more than six lanes (exclusive of high occupancy vehicle lanes) in rural areas and all urbanized areas under four hundred thousand population, and up to eight lanes (exclusive of high occupancy vehicle lanes) in urbanized areas of four hundred thousand population or more as shown in the 1980 Federal census; and (5) those high occupancy vehicle lanes (including approaches and all directly related facilities) included in the interstate cost estimate for fiscal year 1981. The obligation of funds authorized by this subsection shall be further limited to the actual costs of only those design concepts, locations, geometrics, and other construction features included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate, except in any case where the Secretary of Transportation determines that a provision of Federal law requires a different design, location, geometric, or other construction feature of a type authorized by this subsection. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including any other provision of this subsection, where a project is to be constructed (1) to provide parking garage ramps in conjunction with high occupancy vehicle lanes which flow into a distributor system emptying directly into ramps for off-street parking with preferential parking for carpools, vanpools, and buses and the ramps are part of an environmental mitigation effort and are designed to feed into an aerial walkway system, or (2) to provide a parking lot near the terminus of an Interstate System spur route which radiates from an Interstate System beltway which will be used as an intermodal transfer facility for a light rail transit project to be constructed in the median of the spur route and the parking lot is part of an environmental mitigation effort, or (3) to provide a parking garage and associated facilities as part of an intermodal transfer facility with a transit system near or within an Interstate System route right-of-way which will have direct and indirect access to the facility by way of local streets and the parking garage and associated facilities are part of an environmental mitigation effort, or (4) to provide for the comprehensive upgrading of existing high occupancy vehicle lanes, new ramps and parking facilities at mass transit intermodal transfer points on an existing Interstate System route which has temporary high occupancy vehicle lanes in the median and the parking facilities and ramps are part of an environmental mitigation effort, the costs of such parking garage ramps, parking lots, parking garages, associated interchange ramps, high occupancy vehicle lanes, and other associated work eligible under title 23, United States Code, shall be eligible for funds authorized by this subsection as if the costs for these projects were included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate and shall be included as eligible projects in any future interstate cost estimate. For purposes of this subsection, construction necessary to provide a minimum level of acceptable service on the Interstate System shall include, but not be limited to, any construction on the Interstate System which is required under a court order issued before the date of enactment of this sentence. Notwithstanding the fifth sentence of this subsection, the costs of a project which will upgrade an interstate route and will complete a gap on the Interstate System providing access to an international airport and which was described as the preferred alternative in a final environmental impact statement submitted to the Secretary of Transportation on September 30, 1983, shall be eligible for funds authorized by this subsection as if such costs were included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate and shall be included as eligible costs in any future interstate cost estimate, except that (1) such costs may be further developed in the design and environmental process under normal Federal-aid interstate procedures, and (2) the amount of such costs shall not include the portion of the project between High Street and Causeway Street."

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §127(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2118, provided that: "Notwithstanding the provisions of section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out above], the Secretary of Transportation may approve the expenditure of funds authorized under such section for the construction of a previously approved project which provides for improvements to and reconstruction of ramps and service roads which are being developed as part of a roadway system to relieve a severely congested segment on an Interstate route. Such expenditures shall be limited (1) to work necessary to provide more effective and safe operation of such Interstate route, and (2) to a section of an Interstate route which proceeded to construction contract prior to the date of enactment of such Act and which Interstate route, together with service roads, was constructed without the expenditure of any funds authorized by such section."

Definitions of "Department", "Interstate System", "Secretary", and "State" for Purposes of Certain Acts

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, §10002, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 443, provided that: "In this division [see Tables for classification]:

"(1) Department.—The term 'Department' means the Department of Transportation.

"(2) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Transportation."

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, §1001, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1321, provided that: "In this division [see Tables for classification], the following definitions apply:

"(1) Department.—The term 'Department' means the Department of Transportation.

"(2) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Transportation."

Pub. L. 112–141, §2, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 413, provided that: "In this Act [see Tables for classification], the following definitions apply:

"(1) Department.—The term 'Department' means the Department of Transportation.

"(2) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Transportation."

Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, §31002, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 732, provided that: "In this title [see Tables for classification], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Transportation."

Pub. L. 109–59, §2, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1153, provided that: "In this Act [see Tables for classification], the following definitions apply:

"(1) Department.—The term 'Department' means the Department of Transportation.

"(2) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Transportation."

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1120(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1192, provided that: "For the purposes of apportioning funds under sections 104, [former] 105, 130, [former] 144, and 206 of title 23, United States Code, and section 1404 [set out as a note under section 402 of this title], relating to the safe routes to school program, the term 'State' means any of the 50 States and the District of Columbia."

Pub. L. 105–178, §2, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 111, provided that: "In this Act [see Tables for classification], the following definitions apply:

"(1) Interstate system.—The term 'Interstate System' has the meaning such term has under section 101 of title 23, United States Code.

"(2) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Transportation."

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1103(n), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 127, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(c)(2), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 835, provided that: "For the purposes of apportioning funds under sections 104, [former] 105, [former] 144, and 206 of title 23, United States Code, the term 'State' means any of the 50 States and the District of Columbia."

Pub. L. 104–59, §2, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 569, provided that: "In this Act [See Short Title of 1995 Amendment note above], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Transportation."

Pub. L. 100–17, §2, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 134, provided that: "As used in this Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note above], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Transportation."

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 14052. Implementation of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

Ex. Ord. No. 14052, Nov. 15, 2021, 86 F.R. 64335, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 14082, §4(c), Sept. 12, 2022, 87 F.R. 56863, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to effectively implement the historic infrastructure investments in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act [Pub. L. 117–58, see Tables for classification] (the Act), it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Background. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act is a once-in-a-generation investment in our Nation's infrastructure and competitiveness. It will help rebuild America's roads, bridges, and rails; expand access to clean drinking water; work to ensure access to high-speed internet throughout the Nation; tackle the climate crisis; advance environmental justice; and invest in communities that have too often been left behind. It will accomplish all of this while driving the creation of good-paying union jobs and growing the economy sustainably and equitably for decades to come.

Critical to achieving these goals will be the effective implementation of the Act by my Administration, as well as by State, local, Tribal, and territorial governments.

Sec. 2. Implementation Priorities. In implementing the Act, all agencies (as described in section 3502(1) of title 44, United States Code, except for the agencies described in section 3502(5) of title 44), shall, as appropriate and to the extent consistent with law, prioritize:

(a) investing public dollars efficiently, working to avoid waste, and focusing on measurable outcomes for the American people;

(b) increasing the competitiveness of the United States economy, including through implementing the Act's Made-in-America requirements and bolstering United States manufacturing and supply chains;

(c) improving job opportunities for millions of Americans by focusing on high labor standards for these jobs, including prevailing wages and the free and fair chance to join a union;

(d) investing public dollars equitably, including through the Justice40 Initiative, which is a Government-wide effort toward a goal that 40 percent of the overall benefits from Federal investments in climate and clean energy flow to disadvantaged communities;

(e) building infrastructure that is resilient and that helps combat the crisis of climate change; and

(f) effectively coordinating with State, local, Tribal, and territorial governments in implementing these critical investments.

Sec. 3. Infrastructure Implementation Task Force. (a) There is established within the Executive Office of the President the Infrastructure Implementation Task Force (Task Force). The function of the Task Force is to coordinate effective implementation of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and other related significant infrastructure programs within the executive branch.

(b) The Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and Director of the National Economic Council shall serve as Co-Chair of the Task Force.

(c) There is established within the Executive Office of the President the position of White House Infrastructure Coordinator, who shall serve as Co-Chair of the Task Force.

(d) In addition to the Co-Chairs, the Task Force shall consist of the following members:

(i) the Secretary of the Interior;

(ii) the Secretary of Agriculture;

(iii) the Secretary of Commerce;

(iv) the Secretary of Labor;

(v) the Secretary of Transportation;

(vi) the Secretary of Energy;

(vii) the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency;

(viii) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget;

(ix) the Director of the Office of Personnel Management;

(x) the Assistant to the President and Director of the Domestic Policy Council;

(xi) the Assistant to the President and National Climate Advisor;

(xii) the Senior Advisor for Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation; and

(xiii) the heads of such other executive departments, agencies, and offices as the Co-Chairs may from time to time invite to participate.

(e) The Co-Chairs may coordinate subgroups consisting of Task Force members or their designees, as appropriate.

Sec. 4. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

J.R. Biden, Jr.      

§102. Program efficiencies

(a) Access of Motorcycles.—No State or political subdivision of a State may enact or enforce a law that applies only to motorcycles and the principal purpose of which is to restrict the access of motorcycles to any highway or portion of a highway for which Federal-aid highway funds have been utilized for planning, design, construction, or maintenance.

(b) Savings Provision.—Nothing in this section shall affect the authority of a State or political subdivision of a State to regulate motorcycles for safety.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 887; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1016(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1945; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1206, 1209, 1212(a)(2)(A)(i), 1304, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 185, 186, 193, 227; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1121(b)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1195; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1502, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 561; Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11310(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 536.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–58 designated second sentence of subsec. (a) as subsec. (b), inserted heading, and struck out former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text of subsec. (b) read as follows: "If on-site construction of, or acquisition of right-of-way for, a highway project is not commenced within 10 years (or such longer period as the State requests and the Secretary determines to be reasonable) after the date on which Federal funds are first made available, out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than Mass Transit Account), for preliminary engineering of such project, the State shall pay an amount equal to the amount of Federal funds reimbursed for the preliminary engineering. The Secretary shall deposit in such Fund all amounts paid to the Secretary under this section."

2012—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–141 substituted "reimbursed for the preliminary engineering" for "made available for such engineering".

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 redesignated subsecs. (b) and (c) as (a) and (b), respectively, and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows:

"(1) In general.—A State transportation department shall establish the occupancy requirements of vehicles operating in high occupancy vehicle lanes; except that no fewer than 2 occupants per vehicle may be required and, subject to section 163 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982, motorcycles and bicycles shall not be considered single occupant vehicles.

"(2) Exception for inherently low-emission vehicles.—Notwithstanding paragraph (1), before September 30, 2003, a State may permit a vehicle with fewer than 2 occupants to operate in high occupancy vehicle lanes if the vehicle is certified as an Inherently Low-Emission Vehicle pursuant to title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, and is labeled in accordance with, section 88.312–93(c) of such title. Such permission may be revoked by the State should the State determine it necessary."

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1209, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, realigned margins, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted "State transportation department" for "State highway department".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1206, added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1304, which directed insertion of "(or such longer period as the State requests and the Secretary determines to be reasonable)" after "10 years" in first sentence of subsec. (b), was executed by making the insertion in first sentence of subsec. (c) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 105–178, §1206. See below.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1206, redesignated subsec. (b) as (c).

1991—Pub. L. 102–240 substituted section catchline for one which read: "Authorizations" and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The provisions of this title apply to all unappropriated authorizations contained in prior Acts, and also to all unexpended appropriations, heretofore made, providing for the expenditure of Federal funds upon the Federal-aid systems. All such authorizations and appropriations shall continue in full force and effect, but hereafter obligations entered into and expenditures made pursuant thereto shall be subject to the provisions of this title."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

§103. National Highway System

(a) In General.—For the purposes of this title, the Federal-aid system is the National Highway System, which includes the Interstate System.

(b) National Highway System.—

(1) Description.—The National Highway System consists of the highway routes and connections to transportation facilities that shall—

(A) serve major population centers, international border crossings, ports, airports, public transportation facilities, and other intermodal transportation facilities and other major travel destinations;

(B) meet national defense requirements; and

(C) serve interstate and interregional travel and commerce.

(2) Components.—The National Highway System described in paragraph (1) consists of the following:

(A) The National Highway System depicted on the map submitted by the Secretary of Transportation to Congress with the report entitled "Pulling Together: The National Highway System and its Connections to Major Intermodal Terminals" and dated May 24, 1996, and modifications approved by the Secretary before the date of enactment of the MAP–21.

(B) Other urban and rural principal arterial routes, and border crossings on those routes, that were not included on the National Highway System before the date of enactment of the MAP–21.

(C) Other connector highways (including toll facilities) that were not included in the National Highway System before the date of enactment of the MAP–21 but that provide motor vehicle access between arterial routes on the National Highway System and a major intermodal transportation facility.

(D) A strategic highway network that—

(i) consists of a network of highways that are important to the United States strategic defense policy, that provide defense access, continuity, and emergency capabilities for the movement of personnel, materials, and equipment in both peacetime and wartime, and that were not included on the National Highway System before the date of enactment of the MAP–21;

(ii) may include highways on or off the Interstate System; and

(iii) shall be designated by the Secretary, in consultation with appropriate Federal agencies and the States.

(E) Major strategic highway network connectors that—

(i) consist of highways that provide motor vehicle access between major military installations and highways that are part of the strategic highway network but were not included on the National Highway System before the date of enactment of the MAP–21; and

(ii) shall be designated by the Secretary, in consultation with appropriate Federal agencies and the States.

(3) Modifications to nhs.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary may make any modification to the National Highway System, including any modification consisting of a connector to a major intermodal terminal or the withdrawal of a road from that system, that is proposed by a State if the Secretary determines that the modification—

(i) meets the criteria established for the National Highway System under this title after the date of enactment of the MAP–21; and

(ii)(I) enhances the national transportation characteristics of the National Highway System; or

(II) in the case of the withdrawal of a road, is reasonable and appropriate.

(B) Cooperation.—

(i) In general.—In proposing a modification under this paragraph, a State shall cooperate with local and regional officials.

(ii) Urbanized areas.—In an urbanized area, the local officials shall act through the metropolitan planning organization designated for the area under section 134.

(c) Interstate System.—

(1) Description.—

(A) In general.—The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways within the United States (including the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico) consists of highways designed, located, and selected in accordance with this paragraph.

(B) Design.—

(i) In general.—Except as provided in clause (ii), highways on the Interstate System shall be designed in accordance with the standards of section 109(b).

(ii) Exception.—Highways on the Interstate System in Alaska and Puerto Rico shall be designed in accordance with such geometric and construction standards as are adequate for current and probable future traffic demands and the needs of the locality of the highway.

(C) Location.—Highways on the Interstate System shall be located so as—

(i) to connect by routes, as direct as practicable, the principal metropolitan areas, cities, and industrial centers;

(ii) to serve the national defense; and

(iii) to the maximum extent practicable, to connect at suitable border points with routes of continental importance in Canada and Mexico.

(D) Selection of routes.—To the maximum extent practicable, each route of the Interstate System shall be selected by joint action of the State transportation departments of the State in which the route is located and the adjoining States, in cooperation with local and regional officials, and subject to the approval of the Secretary.

(2) Maximum mileage.—The mileage of highways on the Interstate System shall not exceed 43,000 miles, exclusive of designations under paragraph (4).

(3) Modifications.—The Secretary may approve or require modifications to the Interstate System in a manner consistent with the policies and procedures established under this subsection.

(4) Interstate system designations.—

(A) Additions.—If the Secretary determines that a highway on the National Highway System meets all standards of a highway on the Interstate System and that the highway is a logical addition or connection to the Interstate System, the Secretary may, upon the affirmative recommendation of the State or States in which the highway is located, designate the highway as a route on the Interstate System.

(B) Designations as future interstate system routes.—

(i) In general.—Subject to clauses (ii) through (vi), if the Secretary determines that a highway on the National Highway System would be a logical addition or connection to the Interstate System and would qualify for designation as a route on the Interstate System under subparagraph (A) if the highway met all standards of a highway on the Interstate System, the Secretary may, upon the affirmative recommendation of the State or States in which the highway is located, designate the highway as a future Interstate System route.

(ii) Written agreement.—A designation under clause (i) shall be made only upon the written agreement of each State described in that clause that the highway will be constructed to meet all standards of a highway on the Interstate System by not later than the date that is 25 years after the date of the agreement.

(iii) Failure to complete construction.—If a State described in clause (i) has not substantially completed the construction of a highway designated under this subparagraph by the date specified in clause (ii), the Secretary shall remove the designation of the highway as a future Interstate System route.

(iv) Effect of removal.—Removal of the designation of a highway under clause (iii) shall not preclude the Secretary from designating the highway as a route on the Interstate System under subparagraph (A) or under any other provision of law providing for addition to the Interstate System.

(v) Retroactive effect.—An agreement described in clause (ii) that is entered into before August 10, 2005, shall be deemed to include the 25-year time limitation described in that clause, regardless of any earlier construction completion date in the agreement.

(vi) References.—No law, rule, regulation, map, document, or other record of the United States, or of any State or political subdivision of a State, shall refer to any highway designated as a future Interstate System route under this subparagraph, and no such highway shall be signed or marked, as a highway on the Interstate System, until such time as the highway—

(I) is constructed to the geometric and construction standards for the Interstate System; and

(II) has been designated as a route on the Interstate System.

(C) Financial responsibility.—Except as provided in this title, the designation of a highway under this paragraph shall create no additional Federal financial responsibility with respect to the highway.

(5) Exemption of interstate system.—

(A) In general.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Interstate System shall not be considered to be a historic site under section 303 of title 49 or section 138 of this title, regardless of whether the Interstate System or portions or elements of the Interstate System are listed on, or eligible for listing on, the National Register of Historic Places.

(B) Individual elements.—Subject to subparagraph (C)—

(i) the Secretary shall determine, through the administrative process established for exempting the Interstate System from section 306108 of title 54, those individual elements of the Interstate System that possess national or exceptional historic significance (such as a historic bridge or a highly significant engineering feature); and

(ii) those elements shall be considered to be historic sites under section 303 of title 49 or section 138 of this title, as applicable.

(C) Construction, maintenance, restoration, and rehabilitation activities.—Subparagraph (B) does not prohibit a State from carrying out construction, maintenance, preservation, restoration, or rehabilitation activities for a portion of the Interstate System referred to in subparagraph (B) upon compliance with section 303 of title 49 or section 138 of this title, as applicable, and section 306108 of title 54.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 887; Pub. L. 86–70, §21(d)(1), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 145; Pub. L. 86–624, §17(b), (c), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 87–866, §8(a), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1147; Pub. L. 90–238, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 772; Pub. L. 90–495, §§14, 21, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 822, 826; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§106(b), 124, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1716, 1729; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§109(a), 110(a), (b), 137, 148(a)–(c), (e), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 255, 256, 268, 274; Pub. L. 93–643, §125, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2290; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §§109, 110, 111(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 431, 433; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §107(a), (b), (f)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2694, 2695; Pub. L. 96–106, §§1, 2(a), (c), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 796; Pub. L. 96–144, §2, Dec. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 1084; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §§107(a)–(c)(1), (d), (e), 108(f), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2101–2104; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §103(b), (f)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 136, 141; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1006(a), (b), (d), 1011, title III, §3003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1923, 1925, 1935, 2088; Pub. L. 103–272, §5(f)(1), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1374; Pub. L. 103–429, §§3(1), 7(a)(4)(B), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4377, 4389; Pub. L. 104–59, title I, §101, title III, §301(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 569, 578; Pub. L. 104–287, §2, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3388; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1106(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 131; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1106, 1118(b)(1), title VI, §§6006(a)(1), 6007, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1166, 1181, 1872, 1873; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1104(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 422; Pub. L. 113–287, §5(f)(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3268; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1122(e), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1369.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the MAP–21, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B)–(D)(i), (E)(i), (3)(A)(i), is deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of this title.

Codification

Another section 1106(b) of Pub. L. 105–178 is set out as a note below.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §1122(e)(1), in introductory provisions, struck out ", including any modification consisting of a connector to a major intermodal terminal," after "any modification" and inserted ", including any modification consisting of a connector to a major intermodal terminal or the withdrawal of a road from that system," after "the National Highway System".

Subsec. (b)(3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 114–94, §1122(e)(2), designated existing provisions as subcl. (I) and added subcl. (II).

2014—Subsec. (c)(5)(B)(i). Pub. L. 113–287, §5(f)(1)(A), substituted "section 306108 of title 54" for "section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470f)".

Subsec. (c)(5)(C). Pub. L. 113–287, §5(f)(1)(B), substituted "section 306108 of title 54" for "section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470f)".

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to Federal-aid systems.

2005—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 109–59, §1118(b)(1)(A), substituted "State eligible" for "Eligible" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(6)(P). Pub. L. 109–59, §1118(b)(1)(B), struck out subpar. (P) which read as follows: "In the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, any project eligible for assistance under section 133, any airport, and any seaport."

Subsec. (b)(6)(Q), (R). Pub. L. 109–59, §6006(a)(1), added subpars. (Q) and (R).

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 109–59, §1118(b)(1)(C), added par. (7).

Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 109–59, §1106(a), substituted "25" for "12".

Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(iii)(I). Pub. L. 109–59, §1106(b)(1), struck out "in the agreement between the Secretary and the State or States" before "under clause (ii)".

Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(iii)(III). Pub. L. 109–59, §1106(b)(2), added subcl. (III).

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 109–59, §6007, added par. (5).

1998—Pub. L. 105–178 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, section related to Federal-aid systems and, in subsec. (a), identified such systems, in subsec. (b), described National Highway System, in subsec. (e), described Interstate Highway System, in subsec. (f), specified authority of Secretary with respect to system, in subsec. (g), provided for removal of certain parts from system, in subsec. (h), authorized Secretary to pay all non-Federal costs of certain parts of system, and in subsec. (i), described eligible projects for National Highway System.

1996—Subsec. (e)(4)(L). Pub. L. 104–287 substituted "chapter 53 of title 49" for "fta" in heading.

1995—Subsec. (b)(3)(C). Pub. L. 104–59, §101(b)(1), substituted "The" for "For purposes of proposing highways for designation to the National Highway System, the".

Subsec. (b)(3)(D). Pub. L. 104–59, §101(b)(2), substituted "The" for "In proposing highways for designation to the National Highway System, the" and inserted "on the National Highway System" after "highway mileage".

Subsec. (b)(5) to (8). Pub. L. 104–59, §101(a), added pars. (5) to (8).

Subsec. (i)(8). Pub. L. 104–59, §301(a), added par. (8) and struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: "Startup costs for traffic management and control if such costs are limited to the time period necessary to achieve operable status but not to exceed 2 years following the date of project approval, if such funds are not used to replace existing funds."

1994—Subsec. (e)(4)(L)(i). Pub. L. 103–272, §5(f)(1)(A), as amended by Pub. L. 103–429, §7(a)(4)(B), substituted "chapter 53 of title 49" for "the Federal Transit Act".

Subsec. (e)(4)(L)(ii). Pub. L. 103–272, §5(f)(1)(B), as amended by Pub. L. 103–429, §7(a)(4)(B), substituted "section 5323(a)(1)(D) of title 49" for "section 3(e)(4) of the Federal Transit Act".

Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 103–429, §3(1), substituted "chapter 53 of title 49" for "the Federal Transit Act".

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(a), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which established and continued four Federal-aid systems: primary, urban, secondary and Interstate.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(a), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to Federal-aid primary system.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(b)(1), struck out subsecs. (c) and (d) which related to Federal-aid secondary system and Federal-aid urban system, respectively.

Subsec. (e)(4)(E)(i). Pub. L. 102–240, §1011(c), inserted provisions at end specifying that funds authorized to be appropriated for substitute transit projects for fiscal year 1993 and for substitute highway projects for fiscal year 1995 are to remain available until expended.

Subsec. (e)(4)(G). Pub. L. 102–240, §1011(a)(1), struck out "and" before "$740,000,000", inserted provisions relating to fiscal years 1992 through 1995 and inserted provisions authorizing obligation of sums for transit substitute projects.

Subsec. (e)(4)(H)(i). Pub. L. 102–240, §1011(a)(2)(A), inserted provisions at end relating to apportionment of funds for fiscal years 1992 through 1995.

Subsec. (e)(4)(H)(iii). Pub. L. 102–240, §1011(a)(2)(B), (C), substituted "1988–1995" for "1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991" in heading and "1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995" for "and 1991" in text.

Subsec. (e)(4)(I). Pub. L. 102–240, §3003(b), substituted "Federal Transit Act" for "Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964".

Subsec. (e)(4)(J)(i). Pub. L. 102–240, §1011(b)(1), (2), inserted "and ending before October 1, 1991" after "1983," and provisions at end relating to apportionment of 100 percent of funds appropriated for fiscal years 1992 and 1993.

Subsec. (e)(4)(J)(iii). Pub. L. 102–240, §1011(b)(3), (4), substituted "1988–1993" for "1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991" in heading and substituted "1991, 1992, and 1993" for "and 1991" in text.

Subsec. (e)(4)(L). Pub. L. 102–240, §3003(b), substituted "FTA" for "UMTA" in heading and "Federal Transit Act" for "Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964" in cls. (i) and (ii).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(b)(2), struck out "the Federal-aid primary system, the Federal-aid secondary system, the Federal-aid urban system, and" before "the Interstate System" and struck out at end "No Federal-aid system or portion thereof shall be eligible for projects in which Federal funds participate until approved by the Secretary."

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(d), added subsec. (i).

1987—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–17, §103(f)(1)(A)–(D), (H)–(J), inserted heading, indented par. (1) and aligned such par. and pars. (2), (3), and (5) to (9) with par. (4), as amended, and inserted headings for pars. (1) to (3), (8), and (9).

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 100–17, §103(b), amended par. (4) generally, revising and restating as subpars. (A) to (P) provisions formerly contained in a single paragraph.

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 100–17, §103(f)(1)(E), (K), inserted heading, aligned subpars. (A) and (B) with subpar. (A) of par. (4), and substituted "withdrawal of approval." for "withdrawal of approval; and" in subpar. (B).

Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 100–17, §103(f)(1)(F), (K), inserted heading, aligned subpars. (A) and (B) with subpar. (A) of par. (4), and substituted "withdrawal of approval." for "withdrawal of approval;" in subpar. (B).

Subsec. (e)(7). Pub. L. 100–17, §103(f)(1)(G), inserted heading and substituted "are to be applied." for "are to be applied; and".

1983—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 97–424, §108(f), substituted "Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands" for "or Puerto Rico" after "Hawaii, Alaska,".

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 97–424, §107(a)(1), struck out eighth sentence and substituted provision relating to authorizations and apportionment of funds for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1983, through Sept. 30, 1986, and relating to substitute highway projects and substitute transit projects for provision that there were authorized to be appropriated for liquidation of the obligations incurred under this paragraph such sums as might be necessary out of the general fund of the Treasury.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(a)(2), struck out sixth sentence and substituted provisions relating to the period of availability of sums apportioned under this paragraph and of sums available for obligation and the disposition of funds apportioned to a State and unobligated for provision that the sums available for obligation would remain available until obligated.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(b), inserted at end provision that any route or segment thereof which was statutorily designed after March 7, 1978, to be on the Interstate System shall not be eligible for withdrawal or substitution under this subsection.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(c)(1)(A), inserted "or up to and including the 1983 interstate cost estimate, whichever is earlier," after "approved by Congress," and before "subject to increase or decrease" in provision in second sentence relating to the action of the Secretary in withdrawing his approval under this paragraph.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(c)(1)(B), struck out "the date of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976 or" after "portion thereof as of", and "whichever is later, and in accordance with the design of the route or portion thereof that is the basis of the latest cost estimate" after "substitute project under this paragraph," in provision in second sentence relating to the action of the Secretary in withdrawing his approval under this paragraph.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(c)(1)(C), inserted "or the date of approval of the 1983 interstate cost estimate, whichever is earlier," after "approval of each substitute project under this paragraph" in provision in second sentence relating to the action of the Secretary in withdrawing his approval under this paragraph.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(d), inserted provision in third sentence that except with respect to any route which on May 12, 1982, is under judicial injunction prohibiting its construction the Secretary may approve substitute projects and withdrawals on such route until Sept. 30, 1985.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(e)(1), struck out "which is within an urbanized area or which passes through and connects urbanized areas within a State and" after "portion thereof on the Interstate System" in first sentence.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(e)(2), substituted "which will serve the area or areas from which the interstate route or portion thereof was withdrawn, which are selected by the responsible local officials of the area or areas to be served, and which are selected by the Governor or the Governors of the State or the States in which the withdrawn route was located if the withdrawn route was not within an urbanized area or did not pass through and connect urbanized areas, and which are submitted by the Governors of the States in which the withdrawn route was located", for "which will serve the urbanized area and the connecting nonurbanized area corridor from which the interstate route or portion thereof was withdrawn, which are selected by the responsible local officials of the urbanized area or area to be served, and which are submitted by the Governor of the State in which the withdrawn route was located", after "section 103 of this title; or both," in second sentence.

1979—Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 96–144 provided that after Sept. 30, 1979, the Secretary shall not withdraw his approval under par. (4) of any route or portion thereof on the Interstate System open to traffic before the date of the proposed withdrawal, and that any withdrawal of approval of any such route or portion thereof before Sept. 30, 1979, is determined to be authorized by par. (4).

Pub. L. 96–106, §1, inserted provision that the preceding sentence not apply to a designation made under section 139 of this title.

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 96–106, §2(a), inserted ", in the case of any withdrawal of approval before November 6, 1978" after "any other provision of law".

Subsec. (e)(6) to (9). Pub. L. 96–106, §2(c), added pars. (6) and (7) and redesignated former pars. (6) and (7) as (8) and (9), respectively.

1978—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 95–599, §107(a)(1), substituted provisions relating to the deadline for designation of Interstate routes for provisions relating to maximum costs of all mileage and granting of preferences.

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 95–599, §107(a)(2), (b), (f)(1)(A), substituted provision setting the maximum Federal share at 85 per cent of the cost of the substitute project for provision stating that the share would be determined in accordance with section 120 of this title, inserted provisions relating to deadline for approval by Secretary and designation of mileage, and struck out provision relating to withdrawal of approval.

Subsec. (e)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 95–599, §107(f)(1)(B), (C), redesignated par. (5) as (7) and added pars. (5) and (6).

1976—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 94–280, §§109(a), 111(a), struck out from second sentence "prior to the enactment of this paragraph" after "with this title," and in fourth sentence, substituted provision respecting limitation of cost to United States for aggregate of mileage for route withdrawals which read as follows: "or if the cost of any such withdrawn route was not included in such 1972 Interstate System cost estimate, the cost of such withdrawn route as set forth in the last Interstate System cost estimate before such 1972 cost estimate which was approved by Congress and which included the cost of such withdrawn route, increased or decreased, as the case may be, as determined by the Secretary, based on changes in construction costs of such route or portion thereof, which, (i) in the case of a withdrawn route the cost of which was not included in the 1972 cost estimate but in an earlier cost estimate, have occurred between such earlier cost estimate and the date of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976, and (ii) in the case of a withdrawn route the cost of which was included in the 1972 cost estimate, have occurred between the 1972 cost estimate and the date of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976, or the date of withdrawal of approval, whichever date is later, and in each case costs shall be based on that design of such route or portion thereof which is the basis of the applicable cost estimate" for "increased or decreased, as the case may be, as determined by the Secretary, based on changes in construction costs of such route or portion thereof as of the date of withdrawal of approval under this paragraph and in accordance with that design of such route or portion thereof which is the basis of such 1972 cost estimate."

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 94–280, §110(a), in revising par. (4), substituting provisions set out in text for prior provisions set out in note hereunder, among other changes: authorized the Secretary to withdraw approval of route or portion thereof on Interstate System which passes through and connects urbanized areas within a State and to incur obligations for Federal share of projects authorized under any highway assistance program under section 103 of this title; provided for determination of Federal share of substitute projects as provided in section 120 of this title applicable to the highway program of which the substitute project is a part; made specific reference to section 4 of, for prior general reference to, Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as source of Federal share for mass transit projects; authorized sums available for obligation to remain available until obligated; made sums obligated for mass transit projects part of, to be administered through, Urban Mass Transportation Fund; authorized appropriations out of general fund of the Treasury for liquidation of obligations incurred under this paragraph; made amended par. (4) effective Aug. 13, 1973; and deleted provisions making route withdrawn mileage available for designation on Interstate System in any other State, prohibition against obligation under this paragraph of general funds after June 30, 1981, and requirement that for nonhighway public mass transit project, the Secretary receive State assurance that public mass transportation system will fully utilize the proposed project.

Pub. L. 94–280, §110(b), inserted provision for application of sums to a permissible transportation project when paid to a State for a route or portion of the Interstate System in event of withdrawal of approval for the route or portion instead of making of refund to Highway Trust Fund.

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 94–280, §109(b), added par. (5).

1975—Subsec. (e)(2), (4). Pub. L. 93–643 inserted ", increased or decreased, as the case may be, as determined by the Secretary, based on changes in construction costs of such route or portion thereof as of the date of withdrawal of approval under this paragraph and in accordance with that design of such route or portion thereof which is the basis of such 1972 cost estimate" after "House Report Numbered 92–1443".

1973—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–87, §148(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–87, §148(b), (e), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted "access roads to airports," after "local rural roads", and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 93–87, §§109(a), 148(c), authorized establishment of Federal-aid urban system in such other urban areas as the State highway department may designate, substituted "shall include high traffic volume arterial and collector routes, including access roads to airports and other transportation terminals" for "designed taking into consideration the highest traffic volume corridors, and the longest trips within such area and shall be selected so as to best serve the goals and objectives of the community as determined by the responsible local officials of such urbanized area based upon the planning process required pursuant to the provisions of section 134 of this title", reenacted third sentence without change, inserted "to the extent feasible" in the text reading "Each route of the system to the extent feasible shall connect with another route", substituted "Routes . . . shall be selected by the appropriate local officials so as to serve the goals and objectives of the community, with the concurrence of the State highway departments, and, in urbanized areas, also in accordance with the planning process under section 134 of this title" for "Routes . . . shall be selected by the appropriate local officials and the State highway departments in cooperation with each other subject to the approval of the Secretary as provided in subsection (f) of this section", and inserted preceding last sentence "Designation of the Federal-aid urban system shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary as provided in subsection (f) of this section", and designated provisions, as amended, as par. (1), respectively.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 93–87, §148(c), added par. (2).

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 93–87, §137(a), substituted in first sentence "additional mileage for the Interstate System of five hundred miles" for "additional mileage for the Interstate System of two hundred miles"; in fourth sentence "1972 Interstate System cost estimate set forth in House Public Works Committee Print Numbered 92–29, as revised in House Report Numbered 92–1443" for "1968 Interstate System cost estimate set forth in House Document Numbered 199, Ninetieth Congress, as revised"; and in fifth sentence "preference, along with due regard for interstate highway type needs on a nationwide basis," for "due regard", respectively.

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 93–87, §137(b), added par. (4).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–87, §110(a), substituted first sentence reading "the Secretary, on July 1, 1974, shall remove from designation as a part of the Interstate System each segment of such system for which a State has not notified the Secretary that such State intends to construct such segment, and which the Secretary finds is not essential to completion of a unified and connected Interstate System." for "The Secretary, on July 1, 1973, shall remove from designation as a part of the Interstate System every segment of such System for which a State has not established a schedule for the expenditure of funds for completion of construction of such segment within the period of availability of funds authorized to be appropriated for completion of the Interstate System, and with respect to which the State has not provided the Secretary with assurances satisfactory to him that such schedule will be met."; deleted former second sentence reading "Nothing in the preceding sentence shall be construed to prohibit the substitution prior to July 1, 1973, of alternative segments of the Interstate System which will meet the requirements of this title."; substituted "Any segment of the Interstate System, with respect to which a State has not submitted by July 1, 1975, a schedule for the expenditure of funds for completion of construction of such segment or alternative segment within the period of availability of funds authorized to be appropriated for completion of the Interstate System, and with respect to which the State has not provided the Secretary with assurances satisfactory to him such schedule will be met," for "Any segment of the Interstate System with respect to which a State has not submitted plans, specifications, and estimates for approval by the Secretary by July 1, 1975," before "shall be removed from designation as a part of the Interstate System"; authorized the Secretary to designate as a part of the Interstate System any segment previously removed from the System when necessary in the interest of national defense or for other reasons of national interest; and made subsec. (g) inapplicable to any segment of the Interstate System referred to in section 23(a) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 93–87, §110(b), added subsec. (h).

1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(b)(3), substituted "four" for "three" and added the urban system to the list of Federal-aid systems.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(b)(1), substituted "subsection (f)" for "subsection (e)".

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(b)(1), added subsec. (d), redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e) and substituted "subsection (f)" for "subsection (e)". Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(b)(1), (2), redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f) and inserted reference to Federal-aid urban system.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 91–605, §124, added subsec. (g).

1968—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 90–495, §14(a), inserted provision making allowance for an exception in pars. (2) and (3) to the forty-one thousand mile total extent of the Interstate system.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 90–495, §21, substituted "1968 Interstate System cost estimate set forth in House Document Numbered 199, Ninetieth Congress, as revised" for "1965 Interstate System cost estimate set forth in House Document Numbered 42, Eighty-ninth Congress".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 90–495, §14(b), added par. (3).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–238 redesignated existing provision as par. (1) and added par. (2).

1962—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–866 substituted "This system may be located both in rural and urban areas, but any extension of the system into urban areas shall be subject to the condition that such extension pass through the urban area or connect with another Federal-aid system within the urban area" for "This system shall be confined to rural areas, except (1) that in any State having a population density of more than two hundred per square mile as shown by the latest available Federal census, the system may include mileage in urban areas as well as rural, and (2) that the system may be extended into urban areas subject to the conditions that any such extension passes through the urban area or connects with another Federal-aid system within the urban area, and that Federal participation in projects on such extensions is limited to urban funds".

1960—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 86–624, §17(c), substituted "within the United States, including the District of Columbia, and" for "within the continental United States and", and inserted "to the greatest extent possible" in two places.

1959—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 86–70 repealed subsec. (f) which related to determination of roads in the Territory of Alaska on which Federal-aid funds could be expended.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 86–624, §17(b), repealed subsec. (g) which provided that the systems of highways on which funds apportioned to the Territory of Hawaii under this chapter shall be expended may be determined and agreed upon by the Governor of said Territory and the Secretary.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–429, §7(a), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4388, provided in part that the amendment made by that section is effective July 5, 1994.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by sections 1006 and 1011 of Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §107(c), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2694, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall apply to each route or portion thereof designated under [former] section 103(e)(2) of title 23, United States Code, before January 1, 1978, the construction of which was not complete on such date, and the Secretary of Transportation shall make such revisions in existing contracts and agreements as may be necessary to carry out this section and the amendment made by subsection (a) of this section."

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §107(f)(2), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2695, which provided that the amendments made by section 107(f)(1) of Pub. L. 95–599 to this section apply to any withdrawal of approval before Nov. 6, 1978, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–106, §2(b), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 796.

Effective Date of 1973 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §110(c), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 256, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) of this section [amending this section] shall take effect June 30, 1973."

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–866, §8(b), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1147, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall apply to apportionments made before as well as after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 1962]."

Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–70, §21(d), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 145, provided that the repeal of subsec. (f) of this section, sections 116(d), 119, and 120(h) of this title, and sections 321a to 321d and 322 to 325 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions, is effective July 1, 1959.

State Flexibility for National Highway System Modifications

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1122(a)–(d), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1368, 1369, provided that:

"(a) National Highway System Flexibility.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015], the Secretary [of Transportation] shall issue guidance relating to working with State departments of transportation that request assistance from the division offices of the Federal Highway Administration—

"(1) to review roads classified as principal arterials in the State that were added to the National Highway System as of October 1, 2012, so as to comply with section 103 of title 23, United States Code; and

"(2) to identify any necessary functional classification changes to rural and urban principal arterials.

"(b) Administrative Actions.—The Secretary shall direct the division offices of the Federal Highway Administration to work with the applicable State department of transportation that requests assistance under this section—

"(1) to assist in the review of roads in accordance with guidance issued under subsection (a);

"(2) to expeditiously review and facilitate requests from States to reclassify roads classified as principal arterials; and

"(3) in the case of a State that requests the withdrawal of reclassified roads from the National Highway System under section 103(b)(3) of title 23, United States Code, to carry out that withdrawal if the inclusion of the reclassified road in the National Highway System is not consistent with the needs and priorities of the community or region in which the reclassified road is located.

"(c) National Highway System Modification Regulations.—The Secretary shall—

"(1) review the National Highway System modification process described in appendix D of part 470 of title 23, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations); and

"(2) take any action necessary to ensure that a State may submit to the Secretary a request to modify the National Highway System by withdrawing a road from the National Highway System.

"(d) Report to Congress.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that includes a description of—

"(1) each request for reclassification of National Highway System roads;

"(2) the status of each request; and

"(3) if applicable, the justification for the denial by the Secretary of a request."

Real-time System Management Information Program

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1201, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1196, provided that:

"(a) Establishment.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall establish a real-time system management information program to provide, in all States, the capability to monitor, in real-time, the traffic and travel conditions of the major highways of the United States and to share that information to improve the security of the surface transportation system, to address congestion problems, to support improved response to weather events and surface transportation incidents, and to facilitate national and regional highway traveler information.

"(2) Purposes.—The purposes of the real-time system management information program are to—

"(A) establish, in all States, a system of basic real-time information for managing and operating the surface transportation system;

"(B) identify longer range real-time highway and transit monitoring needs and develop plans and strategies for meeting such needs; and

"(C) provide the capability and means to share that data with State and local governments and the traveling public.

"(b) Data Exchange Formats.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005], the Secretary [of Transportation] shall establish data exchange formats to ensure that the data provided by highway and transit monitoring systems, including statewide incident reporting systems, can readily be exchanged across jurisdictional boundaries, facilitating nationwide availability of information.

"(c) Regional Intelligent Transportation System Architecture.—

"(1) Addressing information needs.—As State and local governments develop or update regional intelligent transportation system architectures, described in section 940.9 of title 23, Code of Federal Regulations, such governments shall explicitly address real-time highway and transit information needs and the systems needed to meet such needs, including addressing coverage, monitoring systems, data fusion and archiving, and methods of exchanging or sharing highway and transit information.

"(2) Data exchange.—States shall incorporate the data exchange formats established by the Secretary [of Transportation] under subsection (b) to ensure that the data provided by highway and transit monitoring systems may readily be exchanged with State and local governments and may be made available to the traveling public.

"(d) Eligibility.—Subject to project approval by the Secretary [of Transportation], a State may obligate funds apportioned to the State under [former] sections 104(b)(1), 104(b)(2), and 104(b)(3) of title 23, United States Code, for activities relating to the planning and deployment of real-time monitoring elements that advance the goals and purposes described in subsection (a).

"(e) Limitation on Statutory Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed as altering or otherwise affecting the applicability of the requirements of chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code (including requirements relating to the eligibility of a project for assistance under the program, the location of the project, and the Federal-share payable on account of the project), to amounts apportioned to a State for a program under section 104(b) that are obligated by the State for activities and projects under this section.

"(f) Statewide Incident Reporting System Defined.—In this section, the term 'statewide incident reporting system' means a statewide system for facilitating the real-time electronic reporting of surface transportation incidents to a central location for use in monitoring the event, providing accurate traveler information, and responding to the incident as appropriate."

Freight Intermodal Distribution Pilot Grant Program

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1306, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1215, which related to the Freight Intermodal Distribution Pilot Grant Program, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1519(b)(2), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 575.

Administration of National Highway System and Interstate Maintenance Program

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1106(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 131, provided that: "The Secretary shall administer the National Highway System program and the Interstate Maintenance program as a combined program for purposes of allowing States maximum flexibility. References in this Act [see Tables for classification] and title 23, United States Code, shall not be affected by such consolidation."

Unobligated Balances of Interstate Substitute Funds

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1106(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 136, provided that: "Unobligated balances of funds apportioned to a State under section 103(e)(4)(H) of title 23, United States Code (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998]), shall be available for obligation by the State under the law (including regulations, policies, and procedures) relating to the obligation and expenditure of the funds in effect on that date."

Intermodal Freight Connectors Study

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1106(d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 136, required the Secretary, not later than 2 years after June 9, 1998, to review and report to Congress on the condition of and improvements made to connectors on the National Highway System that serve seaports, airports, and other intermodal freight transportation facilities since the designation of the National Highway System.

Functional Reclassification of Highways

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1006(c), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1925, provided that:

"(1) State action.—Each State shall functionally reclassify the roads and streets in such State in accordance with such guidelines and time schedule as the Secretary may establish in order to carry out the objectives of this section [amending this section and sections 101, 104 and 113 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 311 of this title], including the amendments made by this section.

"(2) Approval and submission to congress.—Not later than September 30, 1993, the Secretary shall approve the functional reclassification of roads and streets made by the States pursuant to this subsection and shall submit a report to Congress containing such reclassification.

"(3) State defined.—In this subsection, the term 'State' has the meaning such term has under section 101 of title 23, United States Code, and shall include the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas."

Apportionment Factors for Expenditures on Substitute Highway and Transit Projects

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §103(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 136, directed Secretary to apportion for fiscal year 1987 the sums to be apportioned for such year under 22 U.S.C. 103(e)(4) for expenditure on substitute highway and transit projects, using the apportionment factors contained in the Committee Print Numbered 100–6 of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives.

Substitute Transit Projects; Increase in Cost To Complete; Apportionment Factors

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §103(c), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 141, increased the cost of completing substitute transit projects under subsec. (e)(4)(B) of this section by $100,000,000 in accordance with the apportionment factors contained in the Committee Print Numbered 100–2 of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives.

Combined Road Plan Demonstration Program; Report to Congressional Committees

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §137, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 174, directed Secretary, in cooperation with up to 5 States, to conduct a combined road plan demonstration to test feasibility of approaches for combining, streamlining, and increasing flexibility in administration of Federal-aid secondary program, Federal-aid urban program, and the off-system bridge, urban bridge, and secondary bridge programs and to submit to Congress an interim report on the program being carried out within 3 years after Apr. 2, 1987, and a final report evaluating the effectiveness of the demonstration program and making needed recommendations as soon as practicable after completion of the demonstration.

Routes Withdrawn; Availability to Secretary of Sums Where Sums Determined Are Less Than Cost of Completing Withdrawn Routes

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §107(c)(2), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2012, as amended by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §103(f)(2), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 142, provided that certain sums determined under former subsec. (e)(4)(B) of this section for withdrawn Interstate System routes would be made available to the Secretary based on cost of completion as of June 30, 1980.

Withdrawal of Secretary's Approval of Route or Portion of Route on Interstate System Between June 20, 1979, and June 30, 1979, Inclusive; Substitution of Projects

Pub. L. 96–144, §3, Dec. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 1084, provided that when the Secretary withdrew approval for an Interstate System route, the sum available for a substitute project would be equal to the Federal share of the cost to complete the withdrawn route based on the 1975 estimate, subject to certain discretionary adjustments.

Necessity of Environmental Impact Statement Prior to Route Construction on The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §107(d), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2694, as amended by Pub. L. 101–427, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 927, prohibited construction of an Interstate System route or portion thereof for which an environmental impact statement under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 had not been submitted to the Secretary by September 30, 1983.

Time Limit for Commencement of, or Contract for, Construction; Removal From Designation as Part of Interstate System

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §107(e), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2694, as amended by Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §107(g), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2103; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §103(d)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 141, required routes on the Interstate System to be either under construction or under contract for construction by Sept. 30, 1986, and directed the Secretary to remove any route that did not meet such requirement from Interstate System designation.

Interstate System Routes Withdrawn for Purpose of Designating Alternative Routes as Subject to Route Withdrawal Provisions

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §111(b), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 433, provided that the amendment made by section 111(a) of Pub. L. 94–280 to this section would apply to Interstate System routes approval of which was withdrawn by the Secretary under former subsec. (e)(2) of this section.

Interstate System Subsection (e)(4) Provisions in Effect Prior to Amendment by Pub. L. 94–280, §110; Route Withdrawals Within Urbanized Areas; Availability of Mileage in Other States; Public Mass Transit Nonhighway Projects; General Funds Unavailable for Obligation after June 30, 1981; Supplementary Funds; Urban Mass Transportation Provisions Applicable

Section 103(e)(4) of this title, as added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §137(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 269, and amended Pub. L. 93–643, §125(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2290, read prior to amendment by section 110 of Pub. L. 94–280 [see 1976 Amendment notes above] as follows: "Upon the joint request of a State Governor and the local governments concerned, the Secretary may withdraw his approval of any route or portion thereof on the Interstate System within any urbanized area in that State selected and approved in accordance with this title prior to the enactment of this paragraph, if he determines that such route or portion thereof is not essential to completion of a unified and connected Interstate System or will no longer be essential by reason of the application of this paragraph and will not be constructed as a part of the Interstate System, and if he receives assurances that the State does not intend to construct a toll road in the traffic corridor which would be served by such route or portion thereof. The mileage of the route or portion thereof approval of which is withdrawn under this paragraph shall be available for designation on the Interstate System in any other State in accordance with paragraph (1) of this subsection. After the Secretary has withdrawn his approval of any such route or portion thereof, whenever responsible local officials of such urbanized area notify the State highway department that, in lieu of a route or portion thereof approval for which is withdrawn under this paragraph, their needs require a nonhighway public mass transit project involving the construction of fixed rail facilities, or the purchase of passenger equipment, including rolling stock for any mode of mass transit, or both, and the State highway department determines that such public mass transit project is in accordance with the planning process under section 134 of this title and is entitled to priority under such planning process, such public mass transit project shall be submitted for approval to the Secretary. Approval of the plans, specifications, and estimates for such project by the Secretary shall be deemed a contractual obligation of the United States for payment out of the general funds in the Treasury of its proportional share of the cost of such project in an amount equal to the Federal share which would be paid for such a project under the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 [section 1601 et seq. of Title 49, Transportation], except that the total Federal cost of all such projects under this paragraph with respect to such route or portion thereof approval of which is withdrawn under this paragraph, shall not exceed the Federal share of the cost which would have been paid for such route or portion thereof, as such cost is included in the 1972 Interstate System cost estimate set forth in table 5 of House Public Works Committee Print Numbered 92–29, as revised in House Report Numbered 92–1443, increased or decreased, as the case may be, as determined by the Secretary, based on changes in construction costs of such route or portion thereof as of the date of withdrawal of approval under this paragraph and in accordance with that design of such route or portion thereof which is the basis of such 1972 cost estimate. Funds apportioned to such State for the Interstate System, which apportionment is based upon an Interstate System cost estimate that includes a route or portion thereof approval of which is withdrawn under this paragraph, shall be reduced by an amount equal to the Federal share of such project as such share becomes a contractual obligation of the United States. No general funds shall be obligated under authority of this paragraph after June 30, 1981. No nonhighway public mass transit project shall be approved under this paragraph unless the Secretary has received assurances satisfactory to him from the State that public mass transportation systems will fully utilize the proposed project. The provision of assistance under this paragraph shall not be construed as bringing within the application of chapter 15 of title 5, United States Code [section 1501 et seq. of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees], any nonsupervisory employee of an urban mass transportation system (or of any other agency or entity performing related functions) to whom such chapter is otherwise inapplicable. Funds available for expenditure to carry out the purposes of this paragraph shall be supplementary to and not in substitution for funds authorized and available for obligation pursuant to the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended [section 1601 et seq. of Title 49, Transportation]. The provisions of section 3(e)(4) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended, [section 1602 (e)(4) of Title 49], shall apply in carrying out this paragraph."

Basis of Federal-Aid Systems Realignment

Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §148(d), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 274, provided that: "Federal-aid systems realignment shall be based upon anticipated functional usage in the year 1980 or a planned connected system."

§104. Apportionment

(a) Administrative Expenses.—

(1) In general.—There is authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to be made available to the Secretary for administrative expenses of the Federal Highway Administration—

(A) $490,964,697 for fiscal year 2022;

(B) $500,783,991 for fiscal year 2023;

(C) $510,799,671 for fiscal year 2024;

(D) $521,015,664 for fiscal year 2025; and

(E) $531,435,977 for fiscal year 2026.

(2) Purposes.—The amounts authorized to be appropriated by this subsection shall be used—

(A) to administer the provisions of law to be funded from appropriations for the Federal-aid highway program and programs authorized under chapter 2;

(B) to make transfers of such sums as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to the Appalachian Regional Commission for administrative activities associated with the Appalachian development highway system; and

(C) to reimburse, as appropriate, the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Transportation for the conduct of annual audits of financial statements in accordance with section 3521 of title 31.

(3) Availability.—The amounts made available under paragraph (1) shall remain available until expended.

(b) Division Among Programs of State's Share of Base Apportionment.—The Secretary shall distribute the amount of the base apportionment apportioned to a State for a fiscal year under subsection (c) among the national highway performance program, the surface transportation block grant program, the highway safety improvement program, the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, the national highway freight program, the carbon reduction program under section 175, to carry out subsection (c) of the PROTECT program under section 176, and to carry out section 134 as follows:

(1) National highway performance program.—For the national highway performance program, 59.0771195921461 percent of the amount remaining after distributing amounts under paragraphs (4), (5), and (6).

(2) Surface transportation block grant program.—For the surface transportation block grant program, 28.7402203421251 percent of the amount remaining after distributing amounts under paragraphs (4), (5), and (6).

(3) Highway safety improvement program.—For the highway safety improvement program, 6.70605141316253 percent of the amount remaining after distributing amounts under paragraphs (4), (5), and (6).

(4) Congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program.—

(A) In general.—For the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, an amount determined for the State under subparagraphs (B) and (C).

(B) Total amount.—The total amount for the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program for all States shall be—

(i) $2,536,490,803 for fiscal year 2022;

(ii) $2,587,220,620 for fiscal year 2023;

(iii) $2,638,965,032 for fiscal year 2024;

(iv) $2,691,744,332 for fiscal year 2025; and

(v) $2,745,579,213 for fiscal year 2026.

(C) State share.—For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall distribute among the States the total amount for the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program under subparagraph (B) so that each State receives an amount equal to the proportion that—

(i) the amount apportioned to the State for the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program for fiscal year 2020; bears to

(ii) the total amount of funds apportioned to all States for that program for fiscal year 2020.

(5) National highway freight program.—

(A) In general.—For the national highway freight program under section 167, the Secretary shall set aside from the base apportionment determined for a State under subsection (c) an amount determined for the State under subparagraphs (B) and (C).

(B) Total amount.—The total amount set aside for the national highway freight program for all States shall be—

(i) $1,373,932,519 for fiscal year 2022;

(ii) $1,401,411,169 for fiscal year 2023;

(iii) $1,429,439,392 for fiscal year 2024;

(iv) $1,458,028,180 for fiscal year 2025; and

(v) $1,487,188,740 for fiscal year 2026.

(C) State share.—For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall distribute among the States the total set-aside amount for the national highway freight program under subparagraph (B) so that each State receives the amount equal to the proportion that—

(i) the total base apportionment determined for the State under subsection (c); bears to

(ii) the total base apportionments for all States under subsection (c).

(6) Metropolitan planning.—

(A) In general.—To carry out section 134, an amount determined for the State under subparagraphs (B) and (C).

(B) Total amount.—The total amount for metropolitan planning for all States shall be—

(i) $438,121,139 for fiscal year 2022;

(ii) $446,883,562 for fiscal year 2023;

(iii) $455,821,233 for fiscal year 2024;

(iv) $464,937,657 for fiscal year 2025; and

(v) $474,236,409 for fiscal year 2026.

(C) State share.—For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall distribute among the States the total amount to carry out section 134 under subparagraph (B) so that each State receives an amount equal to the proportion that—

(i) the amount apportioned to the State to carry out section 134 for fiscal year 2020; bears to

(ii) the total amount of funds apportioned to all States to carry out section 134 for fiscal year 2020.

(7) Carbon reduction program.—For the carbon reduction program under section 175, 2.56266964565637 percent of the amount remaining after distributing amounts under paragraphs (4), (5), and (6).

(8) PROTECT formula program.—To carry out subsection (c) of the PROTECT program under section 176, 2.91393900690991 percent of the amount remaining after distributing amounts under paragraphs (4), (5), and (6).

(c) Calculation of Amounts.—

(1) State share.—For fiscal year 2022 and each fiscal year thereafter, the amount for each State shall be determined as follows:

(A) Initial amounts.—The initial amounts for each State shall be determined by multiplying—

(i) the base apportionment; by

(ii) the share for each State, which shall be equal to the proportion that—

(I) the amount of apportionments that the State received for fiscal year 2021; bears to

(II) the amount of those apportionments received by all States for that fiscal year.

(B) Guaranteed amounts.—The initial amounts resulting from the calculation under subparagraph (A) shall be adjusted to ensure that each State receives an aggregate apportionment that is—

(i) equal to at least 95 percent of the estimated tax payments paid into the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) in the most recent fiscal year for which data are available that are—

(I) attributable to highway users in the State; and

(II) associated with taxes in effect on July 1, 2019, and only up to the rate those taxes were in effect on that date;

(ii) at least 2 percent greater than the apportionment that the State received for fiscal year 2021; and

(iii) at least 1 percent greater than the apportionment that the State received for the previous fiscal year.

(2) State apportionment.—On October 1 of fiscal year 2022 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall apportion the sums authorized to be appropriated for expenditure on the national highway performance program under section 119, the surface transportation block grant program under section 133, the highway safety improvement program under section 148, the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program under section 149, the national highway freight program under section 167, the carbon reduction program under section 175, to carry out subsection (c) of the PROTECT program under section 176, and to carry out section 134 in accordance with paragraph (1).

(d) Metropolitan Planning.—

(1) Use of amounts.—

(A) Use.—

(i) In general.—Except as provided in clause (ii), the amounts apportioned to a State under subsection (b)(6) shall be made available by the State to the metropolitan planning organizations responsible for carrying out section 134 in the State.

(ii) States receiving minimum apportionment.—A State that received the minimum apportionment for use in carrying out section 134 for fiscal year 2009 may, subject to the approval of the Secretary, use the funds apportioned under subsection (b)(6) to fund transportation planning outside of urbanized areas.

(B) Unused funds.—Any funds that are not used to carry out section 134 may be made available by a metropolitan planning organization to the State to fund activities under section 135.

(2) Distribution of amounts within states.—

(A) In general.—The distribution within any State of the planning funds made available to organizations under paragraph (1) shall be in accordance with a formula that—

(i) is developed by each State and approved by the Secretary; and

(ii) takes into consideration, at a minimum, population, status of planning, attainment of air quality standards, metropolitan area transportation needs, and other factors necessary to provide for an appropriate distribution of funds to carry out section 134 and other applicable requirements of Federal law.

(B) Reimbursement.—Not later than 15 business days after the date of receipt by a State of a request for reimbursement of expenditures made by a metropolitan planning organization for carrying out section 134, the State shall reimburse, from amounts distributed under this paragraph to the metropolitan planning organization by the State, the metropolitan planning organization for those expenditures.

(3) Determination of population figures.—For the purpose of determining population figures under this subsection, the Secretary shall use the latest available data from the decennial census conducted under section 141(a) of title 13, United States Code.

(e) Certification of Apportionments.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary shall—

(A) on October 1 of each fiscal year, certify to each of the State transportation departments the amount that has been apportioned to the State under this section for the fiscal year; and

(B) to permit the States to develop adequate plans for the use of amounts apportioned under this section, advise each State of the amount that will be apportioned to the State under this section for a fiscal year not later than 90 days before the beginning of the fiscal year for which the sums to be apportioned are authorized.

(2) Notice to states.—If the Secretary has not made an apportionment under this section for a fiscal year beginning after September 30, 1998, by not later than the date that is the twenty-first day of that fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit, by not later than that date, to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate, a written statement of the reason for not making the apportionment in a timely manner.

(3) Apportionment calculations.—

(A) In general.—The calculation of official apportionments of funds to the States under this title is a primary responsibility of the Department and shall be carried out only by employees (and not contractors) of the Department.

(B) Prohibition on use of funds to hire contractors.—None of the funds made available under this title shall be used to hire contractors to calculate the apportionments of funds to States.

(f) Transfer of Highway and Transit Funds.—

(1) Transfer of highway funds for transit projects.—

(A) In general.—Subject to subparagraph (B), amounts made available for transit projects or transportation planning under this title may be transferred to and administered by the Secretary in accordance with chapter 53 of title 49.

(B) Non-federal share.—The provisions of this title relating to the non-Federal share shall apply to the amounts transferred under subparagraph (A).

(2) Transfer of transit funds for highway projects.—

(A) In general.—Subject to subparagraph (B), amounts made available for highway projects or transportation planning under chapter 53 of title 49 may be transferred to and administered by the Secretary in accordance with this title.

(B) Non-federal share.—The provisions of chapter 53 of title 49 relating to the non-Federal share shall apply to amounts transferred under subparagraph (A).

(3) Transfer of funds among states or to an operating administration of the department of transportation.—

(A) In general.—Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary may, at the request of a State, transfer amounts apportioned or allocated under this title to the State to another State, or to an operating administration of the Department of Transportation, for the purpose of funding 1 or more projects that are eligible for assistance with amounts so apportioned or allocated.

(B) Apportionment.—The transfer shall have no effect on any apportionment of amounts to a State under this section.

(C) Funds suballocated to urbanized areas.—Amounts that are apportioned or allocated to a State under subsection (b)(3) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the MAP–21) or subsection (b)(2) and attributed to an urbanized area of a State with a population of more than 200,000 individuals under section 133(d) may be transferred under this paragraph only if the metropolitan planning organization designated for the area concurs, in writing, with the transfer request.

(4) Transfer of obligation authority.—Obligation authority for amounts transferred under this subsection shall be transferred in the same manner and amount as the amounts for the projects that are transferred under this section.

(g) Highway Trust Fund Transparency and Accountability Reports.—

(1) Compilation of data.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the FAST Act, the Secretary shall compile data in accordance with this subsection on the use of Federal-aid highway funds made available under this title.

(2) Requirements.—The Secretary shall ensure that the reports required under this subsection are made available in a user-friendly manner on the public Internet website of the Department of Transportation and can be searched and downloaded by users of the website.

(3) Contents of reports.—

(A) Apportioned and allocated programs.—On a semiannual basis, the Secretary shall make available a report on funding apportioned and allocated to the States under this title that describes—

(i) the amount of funding obligated by each State, year-to-date, for the current fiscal year;

(ii) the amount of funds remaining available for obligation by each State;

(iii) changes in the obligated, unexpended balance for each State, year-to-date, during the current fiscal year, including the obligated, unexpended balance at the end of the preceding fiscal year and current fiscal year expenditures;

(iv) the amount and program category of unobligated funding, year-to-date, available for expenditure at the discretion of the Secretary;

(v) the rates of obligation on and off the National Highway System, year-to-date, for the current fiscal year of funds apportioned, allocated, or set aside under this section, according to—

(I) program;

(II) funding category or subcategory;

(III) type of improvement;

(IV) State; and

(V) sub-State geographical area, including urbanized and rural areas, on the basis of the population of each such area; and

(vi) the amount of funds transferred by each State, year-to-date, for the current fiscal year between programs under section 126.

(B) Project data.—On an annual basis, the Secretary shall make available a report that provides, for any project funded under this title (excluding projects for which funds are transferred to agencies other than the Federal Highway Administration) with an estimated total cost as of the start of construction greater than $25,000,000, and to the maximum extent practicable, other projects funded under this title, project data describing—

(i) the specific location of the project;

(ii) the total cost of the project;

(iii) the amount of Federal funding obligated for the project;

(iv) the program or programs from which Federal funds have been obligated for the project;

(v) the type of improvement being made, such as categorizing the project as—

(I) a road reconstruction project;

(II) a new road construction project;

(III) a new bridge construction project;

(IV) a bridge rehabilitation project; or

(V) a bridge replacement project;

(vi) the ownership of the highway or bridge;

(vii) whether the project is located in an area of the State with a population of—

(I) less than 5,000 individuals;

(II) 5,000 or more individuals but less than 50,000 individuals;

(III) 50,000 or more individuals but less than 200,000 individuals; or

(IV) 200,000 or more individuals; and

(viii) available information on the estimated cost of the project as of the start of project construction, or the revised cost estimate based on a description of revisions to the scope of work or other factors affecting project cost other than cost overruns.

(h) Base Apportionment Defined.—In this section, the term "base apportionment" means the combined amount authorized for appropriation for the national highway performance program under section 119, the surface transportation block grant program under section 133, the highway safety improvement program under section 148, the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program under section 149, the national highway freight program under section 167, the carbon reduction program under section 175, to carry out subsection (c) of the PROTECT program under section 176, and to carry out section 134.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 889; Pub. L. 86–70, §21(e)(2), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 146; Pub. L. 86–657, §8(g), July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 87–866, §10(a), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1148; Pub. L. 88–157, §§2, 3, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 276; Pub. L. 88–423, §4(a), Aug. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 89–574, §4(b), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 767; Pub. L. 90–495, §4(b), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 816; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§104(b), 106(c), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1714, 1717; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§106(b), 111(a), 112, title II, §227, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 254, 256, 257, 292; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §§106(b), 107(b), 112(a)–(g), 113(a), title II, §206, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 429, 430, 433-435, 453; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §§108–110, 116(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2695, 2696, 2699; Pub. L. 97–134, §§4(c), 5, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1700; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§102(b)(1), (2), 114(e)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 135, 153; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(l) [title III, §347(a)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329-388; Pub. L. 101–516, title III, §333 (part), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2184; Pub. L. 102–143, title III, §333(c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 947; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1001(c)–(e), 1003(e), 1006(e), (f), 1007(b), 1008(b), 1009(d), 1010, 1024(b), (c)(2), 1028(g), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1915, 1916, 1926, 1930, 1932, 1934, 1962, 1968; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §§302, 319(a)(2), 337(f), title IV, §410, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 578, 589, 603, 633; Pub. L. 105–130, §§4(a)(3), 5(b), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2556; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1103(a)–(k), (o), 1212(a)(2)(A), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 118–125, 193; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(c)(3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 835; Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §101(b), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1751; Pub. L. 108–178, §4(d), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2641; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1103, 1107–1109(a), 1118(b)(2), 1401(a)(3)(A), (b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1161, 1166-1168, 1181, 1225; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(i), (m)(3)(A), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1574, 1576; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §§1105(a), 1519(c)(3), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 427, 575; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §§1104(a)–(e)(1), 1402(a), 1446(d)(5)(A), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1329–1332, 1405, 1438; Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §§11104, 11525(b), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 454, 607.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Subsection (b)(3) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the MAP–21) referred to in subsec. (f)(3)(C), means subsec. (b)(3) of this section as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of Pub. L. 112–141, which amended this section generally. The date of enactment of the MAP–21 is deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of this title.

The date of enactment of the FAST Act, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–94, which was approved Dec. 4, 2015.

Codification

Another section 1003(e) of Pub. L. 102–240, as added by Pub. L. 105–130, §2(d), is not classified to the Code.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a)(1)(A) to (E). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(a), added subpars. (A) to (E) and struck out former subpars. (A) to (E) which authorized appropriations for fiscal years 2016 to 2020.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(b)(1), in introductory provisions, inserted "the carbon reduction program under section 175, to carry out subsection (c) of the PROTECT program under section 176," before "and to carry out section 134".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(b)(2), substituted "59.0771195921461 percent" for "63.7 percent".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(b)(3), substituted "28.7402203421251 percent" for "29.3 percent".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(b)(4), substituted "6.70605141316253 percent" for "7 percent".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(b)(5), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which provided a means for determining the State's share of base apportionment for the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program.

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(b)(6)(A), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which specified amounts set aside for the national highway freight program for fiscal years 2016 to 2020.

Subsec. (b)(5)(D). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(b)(6)(B), struck out subpar. (D). Text read as follows: "Of the amount set aside under this paragraph for a State, the Secretary shall use to carry out section 134 an amount determined by multiplying the set-aside amount by the proportion that—

"(i) the amount apportioned to the State to carry out section 134 for fiscal year 2009; bears to

"(ii) the total amount of funds apportioned to the State for that fiscal year for the programs referred to in section 105(a)(2) (except for the high priority projects program referred to in section 105(a)(2)(H)), as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of MAP–21 (Public Law 112–141; 126 Stat. 405)."

Subsec. (b)(6) to (8). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(b)(7), added pars. (6) to (8) and struck out former par. (6) which related to determination of amount to carry out section 134 of this title regarding metropolitan planning.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(c)(1)(A), substituted "fiscal year 2022 and each fiscal year thereafter" for "each of fiscal years 2016 through 2020" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(c)(1)(B)(i), added cl. (i) and struck out former cl. (i) which read as follows: "each of—

"(I) the base apportionment;

"(II) supplemental funds reserved under subsection (h)(1) for the national highway performance program; and

"(III) supplemental funds reserved under subsection (h)(2) for the surface transportation block grant program; by".

Subsec. (c)(1)(A)(ii)(I). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(c)(1)(B)(ii), substituted "fiscal year 2021" for "fiscal year 2015".

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(c)(1)(C), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The initial amounts resulting from the calculation under subparagraph (A) shall be adjusted to ensure that each State receives an aggregate apportionment equal to at least 95 percent of the estimated tax payments attributable to highway users in the State paid into the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) in the most recent fiscal year for which data are available."

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(c)(2), substituted "fiscal year 2022 and each fiscal year thereafter" for "fiscal years 2016 through 2020" and inserted "the carbon reduction program under section 175, to carry out subsection (c) of the PROTECT program under section 176," before "and to carry out section 134".

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(d), substituted "subsection (b)(6)" for "paragraphs (5)(D) and (6) of subsection (b)" in cls. (i) and (ii).

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, §11525(b)(1), substituted "an operating administration of the department of transportation" for "federal highway administration" in heading.

Subsec. (f)(3)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, §11525(b)(2), substituted "an operating administration of the Department of Transportation" for "the Federal Highway Administration".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(f), redesignated subsec. (i) as (h), struck out dash after "means" and par. (1) designation before "the combined amount", substituted "the carbon reduction program under section 175, to carry out subsection (c) of the PROTECT program under section 176, and to carry out section 134." for "and to carry out section 134; minus", and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: "supplemental funds reserved under subsection (h) for the national highway performance program and the surface transportation block grant program." Former subsec. (h) struck out.

Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(e), struck out subsec. (h) which related to reservation of supplemental funds for the national highway performance program and the surface transportation block grant program.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 117–58, §11104(f)(1), redesignated subsec. (i) as (h).

2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §1104(a), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to be made available to the Secretary for administrative expenses of the Federal Highway Administration—

"(A) $454,180,326 for fiscal year 2013; and

"(B) $440,000,000 for fiscal year 2014."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–94, §1104(b)(1), amended introductory provisions generally. Prior to amendment, introductory provisions read as follows: "The Secretary shall distribute the amount apportioned to a State for a fiscal year under subsection (c) among the national highway performance program, the surface transportation program, the highway safety improvement program, and the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, and to carry out section 134 as follows:".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §1104(b)(2), substituted "paragraphs (4), (5), and (6)" for "paragraphs (4) and (5)".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, §1104(b)(2), (3), substituted "Surface transportation block grant program" for "Surface transportation program" in heading, "paragraphs (4), (5), and (6)" for "paragraphs (4) and (5)", and "surface transportation block grant program" for "surface transportation program".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 114–94, §1104(b)(2), substituted "paragraphs (4), (5), and (6)" for "paragraphs (4) and (5)".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 114–94, §1104(b)(4), substituted "the amount of the base apportionment remaining for the State under subsection (c) after making the set aside in accordance with paragraph (5)" for "the amount determined for the State under subsection (c)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 114–94, §1104(b)(6), added par. (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 114–94, §1104(b)(5), (7), redesignated former par. (5) as (6), and substituted "the amount of the base apportionment remaining for a State under subsection (c) after making the set aside in accordance with paragraph (5)" for "the amount determined for the State under subsection (c)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–94, §1104(c), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) related to calculation of State amounts.

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, §1104(e)(1), substituted "paragraphs (5)(D) and (6) of subsection (b)" for "subsection (b)(5)" in two places.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–94, §1446(d)(5)(A), repealed amendment by Pub. L. 112–141, §1519(c)(3). See 2012 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–94, §1402(a), amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (g) related to reports to Congress for each fiscal year.

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 114–94, §1104(d), added subsecs. (h) and (i).

2012—Pub. L. 112–141, §1105(a), amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to apportionment and consisted of subsecs. (a) to (l).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 112–141, §1519(c)(3), which directed amendment of subsec. (e) by striking out ", 105," and could not be executed, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–94, §1446(d)(5)(A).

2008—Subsec. (b)(5)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(i), substituted "Federal-aid highways" for "the Federal-aid system" in subcls. (I) and (II).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(3)(A), struck out "replacement and rehabilitation" after "highway bridge".

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(a)(1), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (a) generally, substituting provisions authorizing appropriations for administrative expenses of the Federal Highway Administration and provisions relating to uses and availability of funds for provisions relating to deduction for administrative activities from sums made available under certain programs and provisions relating to consideration of unobligated balances, availability of sums, and limitation on transferability.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §§1103(a)(2)(A), 1401(b)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "the set-asides authorized by subsections (d) and (f) and section 130(e)" for "the deduction authorized by subsection (a) and the set-aside authorized by subsection (f)" and inserted "the highway safety improvement program," after "Improvement program,".

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §§1103(b), (c), 1118(b)(2), in introductory provisions, substituted "$40,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2005 and 2006 and $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2009 for the territorial highway program under section 215, $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009" for "$36,400,000 for each fiscal year to the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, $18,800,000 for each of fiscal years 1998 through 2002".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(d)(1)(A), added cl. (i) and struck out former cl. (i) which read as follows: "0.8 if—

"(I) at the time of the apportionment, the area is a maintenance area; or

"(II) at the time of the apportionment, the area is classified as a submarginal ozone nonattainment area under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.);".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(viii). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(d)(1)(B)–(D), added cl. (viii).

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(d)(2), added subpar. (C) and struck out former subpar. (C), which required that the weighted nonattainment or maintenance area population of the area for a carbon monoxide nonattainment area be further multiplied by a factor of 1.2 and that the weighted nonattainment or maintenance area population of the area for a carbon monoxide maintenance area be further multiplied by a factor of 1.1.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 109–59, §1401(b)(2), added par. (5).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(f)(1), added par. (1) and struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as follows: "Before making an apportionment under subsection (b)(3) of this section for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall set aside $500,000 for such fiscal year for carrying out a public information and education program to help prevent and reduce motor vehicle accidents, injuries, and fatalities and to improve driver performance at railway-highway crossings."

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(f)(1), reenacted heading without change.

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(f)(1), added subpar. (A) and struck out heading and text of former subpar. (A). Text read as follows: "Before making an apportionment of funds under subsection (b)(3) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall set aside $5,250,000 of the funds made available for the surface transportation program for the fiscal year for elimination of hazards of railway-highway crossings."

Subsec. (d)(2)(E). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(f)(2), substituted "Of such set-aside, not less than $250,000 for fiscal year 2005, $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2006, $1,750,000 for fiscal year 2007, $2,250,000 for fiscal year 2008, and $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2009" for "Not less than $250,000 of such set-aside" and struck out "per fiscal year" after "shall be available".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(a)(2)(B), struck out ", and also the sums which he has deducted for administration pursuant to subsection (a) of this section" after "such fiscal year".

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1107(1), added par. (1) and struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as follows: "On October 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary, after making the deduction authorized by subsection (a) of this section, shall set aside not to exceed 1 percent of the remaining funds authorized to be appropriated for expenditure upon programs authorized under this title, for the purpose of carrying out the requirements of section 134 of this title."

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1107(2), substituted "percent" for "per centum".

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §1107(3), designated first sentence as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and substituted subpar. (B) for second sentence which read as follows: "These funds shall be matched in accordance with section 120(b) unless the Secretary determines that the interests of the Federal-aid highway program would be best served without such matching."

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §1107(4), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §1401(a)(3)(A), substituted "sections 130 and 144" for "sections 130, 144, and 152 of this title".

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1109(a)(1), substituted "Before apportioning sums authorized to be appropriated to carry out the recreational trails program under section 206, the Secretary shall deduct for administrative, research, technical assistance, and training expenses for such program $840,000 for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009." for "Whenever an apportionment is made of the sums authorized to be appropriated to carry out the recreational trails program under section 206, the Secretary shall deduct an amount, not to exceed 1½ percent of the sums authorized, to cover the cost to the Secretary for administration of and research and technical assistance under the recreational trails program and for administration of the National Recreational Trails Advisory Committee."

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1109(a)(2), substituted "The Secretary shall apportion the sums" for "After making the deduction authorized by paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Secretary shall apportion the remainder of the sums" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(a)(2)(C), substituted "made available" for "deducted".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(e), substituted "submit to Congress a report, and also make such report available to the public in a user-friendly format via the Internet," for "submit to Congress a report" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 109–59, §1108, reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (k) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(1) Transfer of highway funds.—Funds made available under this title and transferred for transit projects of a type described in section 133(b)(2) shall be administered by the Secretary in accordance with chapter 53 of title 49, except that the provisions of this title relating to the non-Federal share shall apply to the transferred funds.

"(2) Transfer of transit funds.—Funds made available under chapter 53 of title 49 and transferred for highway projects shall be administered by the Secretary in accordance with this title, except that the provisions of such chapter relating to the non-Federal share shall apply to the transferred funds.

"(3) Transfer of obligation authority.—Obligation authority provided for projects described in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be transferred in the same manner and amount as the funds for the projects are transferred."

2003—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 108–178 substituted "section 14501 of title 40" for "section 201 of the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 (40 U.S.C. App.)" in introductory provisions.

1999—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 106–159, §101(b)(1)–(3), substituted "exceed—" for "exceed 1½ percent of all sums so made available, as the Secretary determines necessary—" in introductory provisions, added introductory provisions of subpar. (A), redesignated former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, of subpar. (A), substituted "; and" for the period at end of cl. (ii), and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 106–159, §101(b)(4), which directed amendment of subsec. (a)(1) by adding par. (4) at the end, was executed by adding par. (4) at the end of subsec. (a), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(a), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: "Whenever an apportionment is made of the sums authorized to be appropriated for expenditure on the surface transportation program, the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, the National Highway System, and the Interstate System, the Secretary shall deduct a sum, in such amount not to exceed 3¾ per centum of all sums so authorized as the Secretary may deem necessary for administering the provisions of law to be financed from appropriations for the Federal-aid systems and for carrying on the research authorized by subsections (a) and (b) of section 307 of this title. In making such determination, the Secretary shall take into account the unexpended balance of any sums deducted for such purposes in prior years. The sum so deducted shall be available for expenditure from the unexpended balance of any appropriation made at any time for expenditure upon the Federal-aid systems, until such sum has been expended."

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(o)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(c)(3), struck out "under section 103" after "National Highway System program" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(b), inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text related to Secretary's apportionment among various States of sums authorized to be appropriated for surface transportation program, congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, National Highway System, and Interstate System each fiscal year.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(o)(2)(A), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(c)(3), substituted "1998 through 2002" for "1999 through 2003".

Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(o)(2)(B), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(c)(3), substituted "on Interstate System routes open to traffic in each State" for "on lanes on Interstate System routes designated under—

"(I) section 103;

"(II) section 139(a) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century) before March 9, 1984 (other than routes on toll roads not subject to a Secretarial agreement under section 105 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 2692)); and

"(III) section 139(c) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century);

in each State".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(c)(1), substituted "Before making an apportionment under subsection (b)(3) of this section for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall set aside $500,000 for such" for "The Secretary shall expend, from administrative funds deducted under subsection (a), $300,000 for each".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(c)(2), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows:

"(2) Railway-highway crossing hazard elimination in high speed rail corridors.—(A) Before making an apportionment of funds under subsection (b)(3) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall set aside $5,000,000 of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the surface transportation program for such fiscal year for elimination of hazards of railway-highway crossings in not to exceed 5 railway corridors selected by the Secretary in accordance with the criteria set forth in this paragraph.

"(B) A corridor selected by the Secretary under subparagraph (A) must include rail lines where railroad speeds of 90 miles per hour are occurring or can reasonably be expected to occur in the future."

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(c)(2), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "In making the determination required by paragraph (2)(A), the Secretary shall consider projected rail ridership volumes in such corridors, the percentage of the corridor over which a train will be capable of operating at its maximum cruise speed taking into account such factors as topography and other traffic on the line, projected benefits to nonriders such as congestion relief on other modes of transportation serving the corridors (including congestion in heavily traveled air passenger corridors), the amount of State and local financial support that can reasonably be anticipated for the improvement of the line and related facilities, and the cooperation of the owner of the right-of-way that can reasonably be expected in the operation of high speed rail passenger service in such corridors."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(d), inserted heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, struck out "(other than under subsection (b)(5) of this section)" after "apportioned hereunder" and "and research" before "pursuant to subsection (a) of this section" in first sentence, struck out second sentence which read "On October 1 of the year preceding the fiscal year for which authorized, the Secretary shall certify to each of the State highway departments the sums which he has apportioned under subsection (b)(5) of this section to each State for such fiscal year, and also the sums which he has deducted for administration and research pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.", realigned margins, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), substituted "State transportation departments" for "State highway departments".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(o)(3), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(c)(3), substituted "104, 105, or 144" for "104, 144, or 157".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(k)(1), inserted heading.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(k)(2), which directed the amendment of par. (1) by striking out " ', except that' and all that follows through 'programs' ", was executed by striking out ", except that the amount from which such set aside is made shall not include funds authorized to be appropriated for the recreational trails program" after "section 134 of this title" to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(e)(1). See below.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(k)(1), (6), inserted heading and realigned margins.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(e)(1), substituted "recreational trails program" for "Interstate construction and Interstate substitute programs".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(k)(3), (6), inserted heading and realigned margins.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(e)(2), (k)(4), (6), inserted heading, substituted "section 120(b)" for "section 120(j) of this title", and realigned margins.

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(k)(5), (6), inserted heading and realigned margins.

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(k)(6), realigned margins.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted "State transportation department" for "State highway department" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(f), amended heading and text of subsec. (h) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "In addition to funds made available from the National Recreational Trails Trust Fund, the Secretary shall obligate, from administrative funds (contract authority) deducted under subsection (a), to carry out section 1302 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (16 U.S.C. 1261) $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997 and $7,500,000 for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998."

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(g), added subsec. (i) and struck out former subsec. (i) which read as follows:

"(i) Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge.—

"(1) Expenditure.—From any available administrative funds deducted under subsection (a), the Secretary shall obligate such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997, and for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998, for the rehabilitation of the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge and for environmental studies and documentation, planning, preliminary engineering and design, and final engineering for a new crossing of the Potomac River as part of the Project, as defined by section 404 of the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge Authority Act of 1995.

"(2) Federal share.—The Federal share of the cost of any project funded with amounts expended under paragraph (1) shall be 100 percent."

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(h), added subsec. (j) and struck out former subsec. (j) which read as follows: "The Secretary shall submit to Congress not later than the 20th day of each calendar month which begins after the date of enactment of this subsection a report on (1) the amount of obligation, by State, for Federal-aid highways and the highway safety construction programs during the preceding calendar month, (2) the cumulative amount of obligation, by State, for that fiscal year, (3) the balance as of the last day of such preceding month of the unobligated apportionment of each State by fiscal year, and (4) the balance of unobligated sums available for expenditure at the discretion of the Secretary for such highways and programs for that fiscal year."

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(i), added subsec. (k).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(j), added subsec. (l).

1997—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–130, §5(b), added Pub. L. 102–240, §1003(e). See 1991 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 105–130, §4(a)(3), inserted ", and for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998," after "fiscal years 1996 and 1997".

1995—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 104–59, §319(a)(2), in second sentence of introductory provisions substituted "was a nonattainment area (as defined in section 171(2) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7501(2))) for ozone during any part of fiscal year 1994" for "is a nonattainment area (as defined in the Clean Air Act) for ozone" and in first sentence of closing provisions substituted "If the area was also" for "If the area is also", and inserted "during any part of fiscal year 1994" after "area for carbon monoxide".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–59, §302, substituted "exceed 50 percent" for "exceed 40 percent" in third sentence.

Subsecs. (h) to (j). Pub. L. 104–59, §§337(f), 410, added subsecs. (h) and (i) and redesignated former subsec. (h) as (j).

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1007(b)(2)(A), substituted "on the surface transportation program, the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, the National Highway System, and the Interstate System" for "upon the Federal-aid systems" and was executed by making the substitution for the first reference to "upon the Federal-aid systems".

Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 102–143, §333(c), repealed Pub. L. 101–516, §333. See 1990 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §1007(b)(2), in introductory provisions, substituted "paragraph (5)(A)" for "paragraphs (4) and (5)", "and section 307" for "and sections 118(c) and 307(d)", and "on the surface transportation program, the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, the National Highway System, and the Interstate System" for "upon the Federal-aid systems".

Pub. L. 102–143, §333(c), repealed Pub. L. 101–516, §333. See 1990 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(e), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "For the Federal-aid primary system (including extensions in urban areas and priority primary routes)—

"Two-thirds according to the following formula: one-third in the ratio which the area of each State bears to the total area of all the States, one-third in the ratio which the population of rural areas of each State bears to the total population of rural areas of all the States as shown by the latest available Federal census, and one-third in the ratio which the mileage of rural delivery routes and intercity mail routes where service is performed by motor vehicles in each State bear to the total mileage of rural delivery and intercity mail routes where service is performed by motor vehicles, as shown by a certificate of the Postmaster General, which he is directed to make and furnish annually to the Secretary; and one-third as follows: in the ratio which the population in urban areas in each State bears to the total population in urban areas in all the States as shown by the latest Federal census. No State (other than the District of Columbia) shall receive less than one-half of 1 per centum of each year's apportionment."

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–240, §1008(b), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "For the Federal-aid secondary system:

"One-third in the ratio which the area of each State bears to the total area of all the States; one-third in the ratio which the population of rural areas of each State bears to the total population of rural areas of all the States as shown by the latest available Federal census; and one-third in the ratio which the mileage of rural delivery and intercity mail routes where service is performed by motor vehicles, certified as above provided, in each State bears to the total mileage of rural delivery and intercity mail routes where service is performed by motor vehicles in all the States. No State (other than the District of Columbia) shall receive less than one-half of 1 per centum of each year's apportionment."

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–240, §1007(b)(1), which directed that par. (3) "is amended to read as follows", was executed by adding par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because prior par. (3) had been repealed. See 1976 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 102–240, §1001(c)–(e), substituted "1960 through 1996" for "1960 through 1990" wherever appearing, and "As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 for fiscal year 1992, and on October 1 of each of fiscal years 1993, 1994, and 1995, the Secretary shall make the apportionment required by this subparagraph for all States (other than Massachusetts) using the Federal share of the last estimate submitted to Congress, adjusted to reflect (i) all previous credits, apportionments of interstate construction funds, and lapses of previous apportionments of interstate construction funds, (ii) previous withdrawals of interstate segments, (iii) previous allocations of interstate discretionary funds, and (iv) transfers of interstate construction funds" for "On October 1 of each of fiscal years 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991, whenever Congress has not approved a cost estimate under this subparagraph, the Secretary shall make the apportionment required by this subparagraph using the Federal share of the last estimate submitted to Congress, adjusted to reflect (i) all previous credits, apportionments of interstate construction funds and lapses of previous apportionments of interstate construction funds, (ii) previous withdrawals of interstate segments, (iii) previous allocations of interstate discretionary funds, and (iv) transfers of interstate construction funds", and inserted before last sentence: "Notwithstanding any other provision of this subparagraph or any cost estimate approved or adjusted pursuant to this subparagraph, subject to the deductions under this section, the amounts to be apportioned to the State of Massachusetts pursuant to this subparagraph for fiscal years 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996 shall be as follows: $450,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, $800,000,000 for fiscal year 1994, $800,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, and $500,000,000 for fiscal year 1996."

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 102–240, §1009(d), inserted "and routes on the Interstate System designated under section 139(a) of this title before March 9, 1984," in two places.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(f), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows:

"(1) Subject to subsection (d), the amount apportioned in any fiscal year, commencing with the apportionment of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (a) of section 102 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (70 Stat. 374), to each State in accordance with paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b) of this section may be transferred from the apportionment under one paragraph to the apportionment under the other paragraph if such a transfer is requested by the State highway department and is approved by the Governor of such State and the Secretary as being in the public interest.

"(2) Subject to subsection (d), the amount apportioned in any fiscal year to each State in accordance with paragraph (1) or (6) of subsection (b) of this section may be transferred from the apportionment under one paragraph to the apportionment under the other paragraph if such transfer is requested by the State highway department and is approved by the Governor of such State and the Secretary as being in the public interest. Funds apportioned in accordance with paragraph (6) of subsection (b) of this section shall not be transferred from their allocation to any urbanized area of two hundred thousand population or more under section 150 of this title, without the approval of the local officials of such urbanized area."

Pub. L. 102–143, §333(c), repealed Pub. L. 101–516, §333. See 1990 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §1010, amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: "Each transfer of apportionments under subsection (c) of this section shall be subject to the following conditions:

"(1) In the case of transfers under paragraph (1), the total of all transfers during any fiscal year to any apportionment shall not increase the original amount of such apportionment for such fiscal year by more than 50 per centum. Not more than 50 per centum of the original amount of an apportionment for any fiscal year shall be transferred to other apportionments.

"(2) In the case of transfers under paragraph (2), the total of all transfers during any fiscal year to any apportionment shall not increase the original amount of such apportionment for such fiscal year by more than 50 per centum. Not more than 50 per centum of the original amount of an apportionment for any fiscal year shall be transferred to other apportionments.

"(3) No transfer shall be made from an apportionment during any fiscal year if during such fiscal year a transfer has been made to such apportionment.

"(4) No transfer shall be made to an apportionment during any fiscal year if during such fiscal year a transfer has been made from such apportionment."

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 102–240, §1024(b)(1)–(3), substituted "1 percent" for "one-half per centum", "programs authorized under this title" for "the Federal-aid systems", and "except that the amount from which such set aside is made shall not include funds authorized to be appropriated for the Interstate construction and Interstate substitute programs" for "except that in the case of funds authorized for apportionment on the Interstate System, the Secretary shall set aside that portion of such funds (subject to the overall limitation of one-half of 1 per centum) on October 1 of the year next preceding the fiscal year for which such funds are authorized for such System".

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 102–240, §1024(b)(4), (c)(2), substituted "120(j)" for "120" and struck out "designated by the State as being" after "organizations".

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 102–240, §1024(b)(5), inserted provisions relating to attainment of air quality standards and provisions relating to other factors necessary to provide appropriate distribution of funds to carry out section 134 and other requirements of Federal law.

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 102–240, §1024(b)(6), added par. (5).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–240, §1028(g), inserted before last sentence "A State may transfer not to exceed 40 percent of the State's apportionment under section 144 in any fiscal year to the apportionment of such State under subsection (b)(1) or subsection (b)(3) of this section. Any transfer to subsection (b)(3) shall not be subject to section 133(d)."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 102–240, §1003(e), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, §5(b), inserted before period at end "and $7,500,000 for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998".

1990—Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 101–516, §333 [part], which added pars. (2) and (3) to read as follows:

"(2) The Secretary shall withhold 10 per centum (including any amounts withheld under paragraph (1)) of the amount required to be apportioned to any State under each of paragraphs (1), (2), (5), and (6) of section 104(b) on the first day of each fiscal year which begins after the fourth full calendar year following the date of enactment of this section if the State does not meet the requirements of paragraph (3) on the first day of such fiscal year.

"(3) A State meets the requirements of this paragraph if—

"(A) the State has enacted and is enforcing a law that requires in all circumstances, or requires in the absence of compelling circumstances warranting an exception—

"(i) the revocation, or suspension for at least 6 months, of the driver's license of any individual who is convicted, after the enactment of such law, of—

"(I) any violation of the Controlled Substances Act, or

"(II) any drug offense, and

"(ii) a delay in the issuance or reinstatement of a driver's license to such an individual for at least 6 months after the individual applies for the issuance or reinstatement of a driver's license if the individual does not have a driver's license, or the driver's license of the individual is suspended, at the time the individual is so convicted, or

"(B) The Governor of the State—

"(i) submits to the Secretary no earlier than the adjournment sine die of the first regularly scheduled session of the State's legislature which begins after the date of enactment of this section a written certification stating that he is opposed to the enactment or enforcement in his State of a law described in subparagraph (A) relating to the revocation, suspension, issuance, or reinstatement of driver's licenses to convicted drug offenders; and

"(ii) submits to the Secretary a written certification that the legislature (including both Houses where applicable) has adopted a resolution expressing its opposition to a law described in clause (i)."

was repealed by Pub. L. 102–143, §333(c). See Construction of 1990 Amendment note below and section 159(a)(2), (3) of this title.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–516, §333 [part], which amended subsec. (b) generally to read as follows:

"(1)(A) Any funds withheld under subsection (a) from apportionment to any State on or before September 30, 1995, shall remain available for apportionment to such State as follows:

"(i) If such funds would have been apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(A) but for this section, such funds shall remain available until the end of the fiscal year for which such funds are authorized to be appropriated.

"(ii) If such funds would have been apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(B) but for this section, such funds shall remain available until the end of the second fiscal year following the fiscal year for which such funds are authorized to be appropriated.

"(iii) If such funds would have been apportioned under paragraph (1), (2), or (6) of section 104(b) but for this section, such funds shall remain available until the end of the third fiscal year following the fiscal year for which such funds are authorized to be appropriated.

"(B) No funds withheld under this section from apportionment to any State after September 30, 1995, shall be available for apportionment to such State.

"(2) If, before the last day of the period for which funds withheld under subsection (a) from apportionment are to remain available for apportionment to a State under paragraph (1), the State meets the requirements of subsection (a)(3), the Secretary shall, on the first day on which the State meets the requirements of subsection (a)(3), apportion to the State the funds withheld under subsection (a) that remain available for apportionment to the State.

"(3) Any funds apportioned pursuant to paragraph (2) shall remain available for expenditure as follows:

"(A) Funds originally apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(A) shall remain available until the end of the fiscal year succeeding the fiscal year in which such funds are apportioned under paragraph (2).

"(B) Funds originally apportioned under paragraph (1), (2), (5)(B), or (6) of section 104(b) shall remain available until the end of the third fiscal year succeeding the fiscal year in which such funds are so apportioned.

Sums not obligated at the end of such period shall lapse or, in the case of funds apportioned under section 104(b)(5), shall lapse and be made available by the Secretary for projects in accordance with section 118(b).

"(4) If, at the end of the period for which funds withheld under subsection (a) from apportionment are available for apportionment to a State under paragraph (1), the State does not meet the requirements of subsection (a)(3), such funds shall lapse or, in the case of funds withheld from apportionment under section 104(b)(5), such funds shall lapse and be made available by the Secretary for projects in accordance with section 118(b)."

was repealed by Pub. L. 102–143, §333(c). See Construction of 1990 Amendment note below and section 159(b) of this title.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–516, §333 [part], which amended subsec. (c) generally to read as follows: "For purposes of this section—

"(1) The term 'driver's license' means a license issued by a State to any individual that authorizes the individual to operate a motor vehicle on highways.

"(2) The term 'drug offense' means any criminal offense which proscribes—

"(A) the possession, distribution, manufacture, cultivation, sale, transfer, or the attempt or conspiracy to possess, distribute, manufacture, cultivate, sell, or transfer any substance the possession of which is prohibited under the Controlled Substances Act, or

"(B) the operation of a motor vehicle under the influence of such a substance.

"(3) The term 'convicted' includes adjudicated under juvenile proceedings."

was repealed by Pub. L. 102–143, §333(c). See Construction of 1990 Amendment note below and section 159(c) of this title.

1987—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–17, §114(e)(1), inserted "and the set asides authorized by subsection (f) of this section and sections 118(c) and 307(d) of this title" after "subsection (a) of this section" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 100–17, §102(b)(1), inserted after "September 30, 1990." the following: "The Secretary shall make a revised estimate of the cost of completing the then designated Interstate System after taking into account all previous apportionments made under this section in the same manner as stated above, and transmit the same to the Senate and the House of Representatives within 10 days subsequent to January 2, 1989. Upon the approval by Congress, the Secretary shall use the Federal share of such approved estimates in making apportionments for the fiscal years 1991 and 1992. The Secretary shall make a revised estimate of the cost of completing the then designated Interstate System after taking into account all previous apportionments made under this section in the same manner as stated above, and transmit the same to the Senate and the House of Representatives within 10 days subsequent to January 2, 1991. Upon the approval by Congress, the Secretary shall use the Federal share of such approved estimates in making apportionments for the fiscal year 1993."

Pub. L. 100–17, §102(b)(2), inserted at end "On October 1 of each of fiscal years 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991, whenever Congress has not approved a cost estimate under this subparagraph, the Secretary shall make the apportionment required by this subparagraph using the Federal share of the last estimate submitted to Congress, adjusted to reflect (i) all previous credits, apportionments of interstate construction funds and lapses of previous apportionments of interstate construction funds, (ii) previous withdrawals of interstate segments, (iii) previous allocations of interstate discretionary funds, and (iv) transfers of interstate construction funds. If, before apportionment of funds under this subparagraph for any fiscal year, the Secretary and a State highway department agree that a portion of the apportionment to such State is not needed for such fiscal year, the amount of such portion shall be made available under section 118(b)(2) of this title."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–202 substituted "sections 130, 144, and 152 of this title" for "sections 144, 152, and 153 of this title, or section 203(d) of the Highway Safety Act of 1973," and struck out "All or any part of the funds apportioned in any fiscal year to a State in accordance with section 203(d) of the Highway Safety Act of 1973 from funds authorized in section 203(c) of such Act, may be transferred from that apportionment to the apportionment made under section 219 of this title if such transfer is requested by the State highway department and is approved by the Secretary after he has received satisfactory assurances from such department that the purposes of such section 203 have been met."

1981—Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 97–134, §4(c), inserted provision that the Secretary shall include only those costs eligible for funds authorized by section 108(b) of the Federal Highway Act of 1956 in making the revised estimate of completing Interstate System for the purpose of transmitting it to the Congress within ten days subsequent to Jan. 2, 1983 or thereafter.

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 97–134, §5, inserted reference to reconstruction in opening par., substituted "55 per centum in the ratio that lane miles on the Interstate routes designated under sections 103 and 139(c) of this title (other than those on toll roads not subject to a Secretarial agreement provided for in section 105 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978) in each State bears to the total of all such lane miles in all States; and 45 per centum in the ratio that vehicle miles traveled on lanes on the Interstate routes designated under sections 103 and 139(c) of this title" for "Seventy-five per centum in the ratio that lane miles in use for more than five years on the Interstate System (other than those on toll roads not subject to a Secretarial agreement provided for in section 105 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978) in each State bears to the total of all such lane miles in all States; and 25 per centum in the ratio that vehicle miles traveled on lanes in use for more than five years on the Interstate System" and inserted provision that no State excluding any State that has no interstate lane miles shall receive less than one-half of 1 per centum of the total apportionment made by this subparagraph for any fiscal year.

1978—Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 95–599, §108, inserted provision relating to deadline for inclusion of estimate.

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 95–599, §116(b), substituted provisions limiting apportionment of funds ratio to seventy-five percent of lane miles ratio and twenty-five of miles traveled ratio for provision establishing a straight ratio for such apportionment.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–599, §109, substituted "50" for "40" and "20" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–599, §110, added subsec. (h).

1976—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–280, §112(a), substituted "On October 1 of each fiscal year" for "On or before January 1 next preceding the commencement of each fiscal year,".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 94–280, §112(b), inserted in introductory text "(including extensions in urban areas and priority primary routes)", made existing provisions applicable for a two-third apportionment of monies, striking out "in all the States at the close of the next preceding calendar year" before "as shown by a certificate of the Postmaster General" and inserted provision for a one-third apportionment in the ratio which the population in urban areas in each State bears to the total population in urban areas in all the States as shown by the latest Federal census.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 94–280, §112(c), repealed provisions respecting apportionment of monies for extensions of the Federal-aid primary and Federal-aid secondary systems within urban areas in the ratio which the population in municipalities and other urban places of five thousand or more in each State bears to the total population in municipalities and other urban places of five thousand or more in all of the States as shown by the latest available Federal census.

Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 94–280, §§106(b), 107(b), 112(g), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and inserted introductory phrase "Except as provided in subparagraph B—"; substituted wherever appearing in introductory phrase and second and third sentences "1990" for "1979"; substituted provision for apportionment for fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, for prior provision for fiscal year ending June 30, 1977, substituted provision for apportionment for fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, in accordance with section 103 of Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976, for prior provision for apportionment for fiscal year ending June 30, 1978, substituted provision for apportionment for fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, for prior provision for fiscal year ending June 30, 1979, provided for apportionment for fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, and inserted provisions for revised estimates of completion costs and transmittal thereof to Congress within ten days subsequent to January 2, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1985, and 1987 for apportionments for fiscal years ending September 30, 1981 and 1982, 1983 and 1984, 1985 and 1986, 1987 and 1988, and 1989 and 1990; and substituted in third sentence "October 1 of the year preceding the fiscal year for which authorized" for "a date as far in advance of the beginning of the fiscal year for which authorized as practicable but in no case more than eighteen months prior to the beginning of the fiscal year for which authorized".

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 94–280, §106(b), added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–280, §113(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "Subject to subsection (d), the amount" for "Not more than 40 per centum of the amount" and "transferred from the apportionment under one paragraph to the apportionment under the other paragraph" for "transferred from the apportionment under one paragraph to the apportionment under any other of such paragraphs" and struck out former last sentence reading "The total of such transfers shall not increase the original apportionment under any of such paragraphs by more than 40 per centum.", and incorporated former subsec. (d) provisions in a new par. (2), substituting "Subject to subsection (d), the amount" for "Not more than 40 per centum of the amount" and paragraph "(1)" for "(3)" and striking out former last sentence reading "The total of such transfers shall not increase the original apportionment under either of such paragraphs by more than 40 per centum."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–280, §113(a), inserted provisions respecting conditions for transfer of apportionments under subsec. (c) of this section and struck out prior subsec. (d) provisions respecting transfer of certain apportionments, now incorporated in subsec. (c)(2) of this section.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 94–280, §112(d), in first sentence, substituted "On October 1" for "On or before January 1 preceding the commencement" and inserted "(other than under subsection (b)(5) of this section)" after "hereunder" and inserted certification provision respecting sums apportioned under subsec. (b)(5) of this section to each State highway department and amount of deductions for administration and research; and inserted provisions advising the States not less than ninety days before the beginning of the fiscal year of amounts to be apportioned to the States and in the case of the Interstate System ninety days prior to the apportionment of funds.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 94–280, §112(e), substituted "On October 1" for "On or before January 1 next preceding the commencement" and inserted exception provision.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 94–280, §112(f), authorized State use of apportioned funds to finance transportation planning outside of urbanized areas.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 94–280, §206, increased percentage limitation to "40 per centum" from "30 per centum"; authorized approval by Secretary of transfer of apportionments when requested by the State highway department and approved by the Secretary as being in the public interest; and provided for transfer of apportionments under section 203(c) and (d) of the Highway Safety Act of 1973, to apportionments under section 219 of this title, and clarified the authority for apportionment of Highway Trust Fund funds.

1973—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 93–87, §111(a)(1), (2), substituted "intercity mail routes where service is performed by motor vehicles" for "star routes" in two places, "one-third in the ratio which the population of rural areas of each State bears to the total population of rural areas of all the States" for "one-third in the ratio which the population of each State bears to the total population of all the States", and "No State (other than the District of Columbia) shall receive" for "No State shall receive".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 93–87, §111(a)(1), (3), substituted "intercity mail routes where service is performed by motor vehicles" for "star routes" in two places, "one-third in the ratio which the population of rural areas of each State bears to the total population of rural areas of all of the States" for "one-third in the ratio which the rural population of each State bears to the total rural population of all the States", and "No State (other than the District of Columbia) shall receive" for "No State shall receive".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 93–87, §106(b), extended from 1976 to 1979, the date for completion of the Interstate System; and authorized the Secretary to use the Federal share of the approved estimate in making apportionments for fiscal years ending June 30, 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979, reenacted requirement that Secretary make a revised estimate of cost of completing the then designated Interstate System, substituting Jan. 2, 1975, for Jan. 2, 1974, as the commencing date for the ten day period for transmittal of the revised cost estimate, and reenacted provisions of last sentence without change, respectively.

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 93–87, §111(a)(4), substituted "urban areas" for "urbanized areas" in two places and mandated that no State shall receive less than one-half of 1 per centum of each year's apportionment.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–87, §111(a)(5), (7), substituted "40" for "20" per centum in two places and struck out reference to par. (3) of subsec. (b) of this section and provision of last sentence that nothing contained in subsec. (c) shall alter or impair the authority contained in subsec. (d) of this section.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–87, §111(a)(6), substituted provisions respecting transfer of apportionment of funds under pars. (3) and (6) of subsec. (b) of this section from one paragraph to the other when requested by the State highway department and approved as in the public interest by the Governor of the State and the Secretary for former provisions which authorized expenditure of subsec. (b)(2) funds apportioned for Federal-aid secondary system to a State for projects on another Federal-aid system when the State highway department and the Secretary were in joint agreement as to such other expenditure.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–87, §112, incorporated provisions of former subsec. (f) that "Not to exceed 50 per centum of the amounts apportioned in accordance with paragraph (3) of subsection (b) of this section may be expended for projects on the Federal-aid urban system" in provisions designated as par. (1) and stating that "On or before January 1 next preceding the commencement of each fiscal year, the Secretary, after making the deduction authorized by subsection (a) of this section, shall set aside not to exceed one-half per centum of the remaining funds authorized to be appropriated for expenditure upon the Federal-aid systems, for the purpose of carrying out the requirements of section 134 of this title." and added pars. (2)–(4).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–87, §227, added subsec. (g).

1970—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 91–605, §104(b), extended from 1974 to 1976 the date for completion of the Interstate System, substituted "on April 20, 1970" for "within ten days subsequent to January 2, 1970" as the date for submission by the Secretary to Congress of a revised completion cost estimate of the Interstate System, struck out reference of finality as applied to this estimate, deleted June 30, 1974 from the enumerated list of fiscal years for which the Secretary shall use the Federal share of the approved 1970 estimate in making apportionments, inserted provision directing the Secretary to submit to Congress a revised Interstate System completion cost estimate within 10 days from Jan. 2, 1972 with apportionments to be made by the Secretary for use in the fiscal years 1974 and 1975 from the Federal share of the approved estimate, and inserted provision directing the Secretary to submit to Congress another cost estimate within 10 days from Jan. 2, 1974 to be used for making apportionments for the fiscal year 1976.

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(c)(2), added par. (6).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(c)(1), added subsec. (f).

1968—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 90–495 extended from 1972 to 1974 the date for completion of the Interstate System, added the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, to the enumeration of fiscal years for which the Secretary may use the Federal share of approval estimates in making apportionments, substituted January 2, 1970, for January 2, 1969, as the date for commencement of the 10–day period during which the Secretary shall transmit to Congress his final revised estimate of the cost of completing the Interstate system, and added the fiscal years ending June 30, 1973, and June 30, 1974, to the enumerated list of fiscal years for which the Secretary shall use the Federal share of the approved estimate in making apportionments.

1966—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 89–574 substituted "1972" for "1971" wherever appearing except in provision requiring the Secretary, with the approval of Congress, to use the Federal share of the approved estimates in making apportionments for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, and, in such provision, retained the authority of the Secretary to use the Federal share of the approved estimates in making apportionments for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, but extended the authority of the Secretary to use the Federal share of the approved estimates in making apportionments for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, as well.

1964—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 88–423 substituted "January 2, 1961" for "January 2, 1962".

1963—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 88–157, §2, struck out provision which considered Connecticut and Vermont towns as municipalities for the purposes of par. (3) regardless of their incorporated status.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub L. 88–157, §3, substituted "1971" for "1969" in introductory text and 3d sentence; inserted "For the fiscal years 1960 through 1966," and substituted "such State" for "each State" in 1st sentence; inserted 2d sentence respecting apportionment for fiscal years 1967 through 1971; substituted in 9th sentence "January 2, 1965" for "January 2, 1966, and annually thereafter through and including January 2, 1968"; substituted in 10th sentence "Upon the approval of such estimate by the Congress" for "Upon approval of any such estimate by the Congress by concurrent resolution" and "fiscal years ending June 30, 1967; June 30, 1968; and June 30, 1969" for "fiscal year which begins next following the fiscal year in which such report is transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives" and inserted "the Federal share of" before "such approved estimate"; and inserted 11th through 14th sentences, respecting revised cost estimate for completion of the Interstate System and its submission to Congress within 10 days after Jan. 2, 1968, apportionment for fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, final revised cost estimate for completion of the Interstate System and its submission to Congress within 10 days after Jan. 2, 1969, and apportionment for fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, respectively.

1962—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 87–866 substituted "preceding calendar year" for "preceding fiscal year".

1960—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub L. 86–657 struck out provisions which required, in making the estimates of cost for completing the Interstate System, exclusion of the cost of completing any mileage designated from the one thousand additional miles authorized by section 108(1) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956.

1959—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–70 struck out ", except that only one-third of the area of Alaska shall be included" after "total area of all States" in pars. (1) and (2).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Except as otherwise provided, amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1446(d), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1438, provided that the amendment made by section 1446(d)(5)(A) is effective as of July 6, 2012, and as if included in Pub. L. 112–141 as enacted.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(i), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1574, provided that the amendment made by section 101(i) is effective Oct. 1, 2007.

Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–178 effective Aug. 21, 2002, see section 5 of Pub. L. 108–178, set out as a note under section 5334 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 1999 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–159 effective Jan. 1, 2000, see section 107(a) of Pub. L. 106–159, set out as a note under section 104 of Title 49, Transportation.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1100, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2026, provided that:

"(a) General Rule.—This title [see Tables for classification], including the amendments made by this title, shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991].

"(b) Applicability.—The amendments made by this title shall apply to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after September 30, 1991, and, except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), shall not apply to funds appropriated or made available on or before September 30, 1991.

"(c) Unobligated Balances.—

"(1) In general.—Unobligated balances of funds apportioned to a State under [former] sections 104(b)(1), 104(b)(2), 104(b)(5)(B), and 104(b)(6) of title 23, United States Code, before October 1, 1991, shall be available for obligation in that State under the law, regulations, policies and procedures relating to the obligation and expenditure of those funds in effect on September 30, 1991.

"(2) Transferability.—

"(A) Primary system.—A State may transfer unobligated balances of funds apportioned to the State for the Federal-aid primary system before October 1, 1991, to the apportionment to such State under [former] section 104(b)(1) or 104(b)(3) of title 23, United States Code, or both.

"(B) Secondary and urban system.—A State may transfer unobligated balances of funds apportioned to the State for the Federal-aid secondary system or the Federal-aid urban system before October 1, 1991, to the apportionment to such State under [former] section 104(b)(3) of such title.

"(C) Applicability of certain laws, regulations, policies, and procedures.—Funds transferred under this paragraph shall be subject to the laws, regulations, policies, and procedures relating to the apportionment to which they are transferred."

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment; Applicable Provisions Dependent on Fiscal Fund Authorizations

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §113(b), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 435, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall take effect on July 1, 1976, and shall be applicable with respect to funds authorized for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, and for subsequent fiscal years. With respect to the fiscal year 1976 and earlier fiscal years, the provisions of subsections (c) and (d) of [former] section 104 of title 23, United States Code, as in effect on June 30, 1976, shall remain applicable to funds authorized for such years."

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–866, §10(b), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1148, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall be applicable only with respect to apportionments made after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 1962]."

Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 86–70 effective July 1, 1959, see section 21(e) of Pub. L. 86–70, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Construction of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–143, title III, §333(d), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 947, provided that: "The amendments made by section 333 of the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 2184–2186) [Pub. L. 101–516, amending this section and enacting provisions formerly set out as a note below] shall be treated as having not been enacted into law."

Transparency and Accountability

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1503(c), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 564, which directed the Secretary of Transportation to compile and make available on the public website of the Department of Transportation the annual expenditure data for funds made available under this title and chapter 53 of Title 49, Transportation, and to annually submit a report to Congress containing a summary of such data, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1402(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1407.

Evacuation Routes

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1526, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 580, provided that: "Each State shall give adequate consideration to the needs of evacuation routes in the State, including such routes serving or adjacent to facilities operated by the Armed Forces, when allocating funds apportioned to the State under title 23, United States Code, for the construction of Federal-aid highways."

Federal-Aid Highways Appropriations

Pub. L. 109–289, div. B, title II, §21010, as added by Pub. L. 110–5, §2, Feb. 15, 2007, 121 Stat. 48, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 101 [42 U.S.C. 12651i note, 121 Stat. 8], the level for 'Federal Highway Administration, Federal-Aid Highways (Limitation on Obligations) (Highway Trust Fund)' shall be $39,086,464,683."

[For definition of "level" as used in section 21010 of Pub. L. 109–289, set out above, see section 101(b) of Pub. L. 109–289, set out as a note under section 12651i of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.]

Adjustments for Surface Transportation Extension Act of 1997

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1103(m), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 126, made certain reductions in State apportionments under Pub. L. 105–178 for fiscal year 1998 based on State apportionments under section 1003(d)(1) of Pub. L. 102–240.

Advances

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1936, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1510, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, funds apportioned to a State under [former] section 104(b) of title 23, United States Code, may be obligated to carry out a project designated in any of sections 1301, 1302, 1306, and 1934 of this Act [see Tables for classification] and [former] sections 117 and 144(g) of title 23, United States Code, in an amount not to exceed the amount authorized for that project, only from a program under which the project would be eligible, except that any amounts obligated to carry out the project shall be restored from funds allocated for the project."

Pub. L. 108–310, §2, Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1144, as amended by Pub. L. 109–14, §2(a)–(b)(2), (d), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 324; Pub. L. 109–20, §2(a), (b)(1), (d), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 346; Pub. L. 109–35, §2(a), (b)(1), (d), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 109–37, §2(a), (b)(1), (d), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 109–40, §2(a), (b)(1), (d), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 410; Pub. L. 109–42, §2(b), July 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 435, provided that:

"(a) In General.—

"(1) Apportionment ratio.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary of Transportation shall apportion funds made available under section 1101(l) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178] (112 Stat. 111; 118 Stat. 876 [118 Stat. 1145]), as amended by this Act, the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–14],,[sic] the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part II [Pub. L. 109–20][,] the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part III [Pub. L. 109–35], the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part IV [Pub. L. 109–37], and the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part V [Pub. L. 109–40], to each State in the ratio that—

"(A) the State's total fiscal year 2004 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program; bears to

"(B) all States' total fiscal year 2004 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program.

"(2) Exception.—The ratios determined under this subsection shall be subject to the same adjustments as the adjustments made under [former] section 105(f) of title 23, United States Code.

"(b) Programmatic Distributions.—

"(1) Programs.—Of the funds to be apportioned to each State under subsection (a), the Secretary shall ensure that the State is apportioned an amount of the funds, determined under paragraph (2), for the Interstate maintenance program, the National Highway System program, the bridge program, the surface transportation program [now the surface transportation block grant program], the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, the recreational trails program, the Appalachian development highway system program, and the minimum guarantee.

"(2) In general.—The amount that each State shall be apportioned under this subsection for each item referred to in paragraph (1) shall be determined by multiplying—

"(A) the amount apportioned to the State under subsection (a); by

"(B) the ratio that—

"(i) the amount of funds apportioned for the item to the State for fiscal year 2004; bears to

"(ii) the total of the amount of funds apportioned for the items to the State for fiscal year 2004.

"(3) Administration of funds.—Funds authorized by section 1101(l) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178, 118 Stat. 1145] shall be administered as if the funds had been apportioned, allocated, deducted, or set aside, as the case may be, under title 23, United States Code; except that the deductions and set-asides in the following sections of such title shall not apply to such funds: [former] sections 104(a)(1)(A), 104(a)(1)(B), 104(b)(1)(A), 104(d)(1), 104(d)(2), 104(f)(1), 104(h)(1), 118(c)(1), 140(b), 140(c), and 144(g)(1).

"(4) Special rules for minimum guarantee.—In carrying out the minimum guarantee under [former] section 105(c) of title 23, United States Code, with funds apportioned under this section for the minimum guarantee, the $2,800,000,000 set forth in paragraph (1) of such section 105(c) shall be treated as being $2,324,000,000 and the aggregate of amounts apportioned to the States under this section for the minimum guarantee shall be treated, for purposes of such section 105(c), as amounts made available under section 105 of such title.

"(5) Extension of off-system bridge setaside.—[Amended section 144 of this title.]

"(c) Repayment From Future Apportionments.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary shall reduce the amount that would be apportioned, but for this section, to a State for programs under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, for fiscal year 2005, under a multiyear law reauthorizing the Federal-aid highway program enacted after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 2004] by the amount that is apportioned to each State under subsection (a) and section 5(c) [118 Stat. 1150] for each such program.

"(2) Program category reconciliation.—The Secretary may establish procedures under which funds apportioned under subsection (a) for a program category for which funds are not authorized under a law described in paragraph (1) may be restored to the Federal-aid highway program.

"(d) Authorization of Contract Authority.—[Amended section 1101 of Pub. L. 105–178, 112 Stat. 111.]

"(e) Limitation on Obligations.—

"(1) Distribution of obligation authority.—Subject to paragraph (2), for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 30, 2005, the Secretary shall distribute the obligation limitation made available for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs under the heading 'federal-aid highways' in title I of division H of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 [Pub. L. 108–447] (23 U.S.C. 104 note; 118 Stat. 3204), in accordance with section 110 of such title (23 U.S.C. 104 note; 118 Stat. 3209); except that the amount of obligation limitation to be distributed for such period for each program, project, and activity specified in sections 110(a)(1), 110(a)(2), 110(a)(4), and 110(a)(5) of such title shall equal the greater of—

"(A) the funding authorized for such program, project, or activity in this Act [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title], the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–14],,[sic] the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part II [Pub. L. 109–20][,] the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part III [Pub. L. 109–35], the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part IV [Pub. L. 109–37], and the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part V [Pub. L. 109–40] (including any amendments made by this Act and such Act[s]); or

"(B) 83 percent of the funding provided for or limitation set on such program, project, or activity in title I of division H of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 [Pub. L. 108–447, see Tables for classification].

"(2) Limitation on total amount of authority distributed.—The total amount of obligation limitation distributed under paragraph (1) for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 30, 2005, shall not exceed $28,801,000,000; except that this limitation shall not apply to $530,370,000 in obligations for minimum guarantee for such period.

"(3) Time period for obligations of funds.—After August 14, 2005, no funds shall be obligated for any Federal-aid highway program project until the date of enactment of a law reauthorizing the Federal-aid highway program.

"(4) Treatment of obligations.—Any obligation of obligation authority distributed under this subsection shall be considered to be an obligation for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs for fiscal year 2005 for the purposes of the matter under the heading 'federal-aid highways' in title I of division H of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 [Pub. L. 108–447] (23 U.S.C. 104 note; 118 Stat. 3204)."

Pub. L. 108–88, §2, Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1110, as amended by Pub. L. 108–202, §2(a), (b)(1), (2), (d), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 478; Pub. L. 108–224, §2(a), (b)(1), (d), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 627; Pub. L. 108–263, §2(a), (b)(1), (d), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 698; Pub. L. 108–280, §§2(a), (b)(1), (d), 3, July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 876, 877; Pub. L. 108–310, §12(a), (c), (e)(1), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1161, 1162, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary of Transportation shall apportion funds made available under section 1101(c) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178] (112 Stat. 116), as amended by this Act [117 Stat. 1111], the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004 [Pub. L. 108–202], the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part II [Pub. L. 108–224], the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part III [Pub. L. 108–263], the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part IV [Pub. L. 108–280], and the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part V [Pub. L. 108–310], to each State in the ratio that—

"(1) the State's total fiscal year 2003 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program; bears to

"(2) all States' total fiscal year 2003 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program.

"(b) Programmatic Distributions.—

"(1) Programs.—Of the funds to be apportioned to each State under subsection (a), the Secretary shall ensure that the State is apportioned an amount of the funds, determined under paragraph (2), for the Interstate maintenance program, the National Highway System program, the bridge program, the surface transportation program [now the surface transportation block grant program], the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, the recreational trails program, the Appalachian development highway system program, and the minimum guarantee.

"(2) In general.—The amount that each State shall be apportioned under this subsection for each item referred to in paragraph (1) shall be determined by multiplying—

"(A) the amount apportioned to the State under subsection (a); by

"(B) the ratio that—

"(i) the amount of funds apportioned for the item to the State for fiscal year 2003; bears to

"(ii) the total of the amount of funds apportioned for the items to the State for fiscal year 2003.

"(3) Administration of funds.—Funds authorized by section 1101(c) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century shall be administered as if the funds had been apportioned, allocated, deducted, or set aside, as the case may be, under title 23, United States Code; except that the deductions and set-asides in the following sections of such title shall not apply to such funds: [former] sections 104(a)(1)(A), 104(a)(1)(B), 104(b)(1)(A), 104(d)(1), 104(d)(2), 104(f)(1), 104(h)(1), 118(c)(1), 140(b), 140(c), and 144(g)(1).

"(4) Special rules for minimum guarantee.—In carrying out the minimum guarantee under [former] section 105(c) of title 23, United States Code, with funds apportioned under this section for the minimum guarantee, the $2,800,000,000 set forth in paragraph (1) of such section 105(c) shall be treated as being $2,800,000,000 and the aggregate of amounts apportioned to the States under this section for the minimum guarantee shall be treated, for purposes of such section 105(c), as amounts made available under section 105 of such title.

"(5) Extension of off-system bridge setaside.—[Amended section 144 of this title.]

"[(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 108–310, §12(e)(1), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1162.]

"(d) Authorization of Contract Authority.—[Amended section 1101 of Pub. L. 105–178, 112 Stat. 111.]

"(e) Limitation on Obligations.—

"(1) Distribution of obligation authority.—For the fiscal year 2004, the Secretary shall distribute the obligation limitation made available for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs under the heading 'Federal-aid highways' in the Transportation, Treasury, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2004 (division F of Public Law 108–199; 118 Stat. 291 [290]; 118 Stat. 1013), in accordance with section 110 of such Act [23 U.S.C. 104 note].

"(2) Calculation of ratio.—For purposes of the calculation of the ratio under section 110(a)(3) of the Transportation, Treasury, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2004 (division F of Public Law 108–199; 118 Stat. 291; 23 U.S.C. 104 note)—

"(A) the obligation limitation for Federal-aid Highways referred to in section 110(a)(3)(A) of such Act shall be deemed to be the obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs for fiscal year 2004 identified under the heading 'Federal-Aid Highways' in such Act (118 Stat. 290); and

"(B) the total of sums authorized to be appropriated for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs (other than sums authorized to be appropriated for sections set forth in paragraphs (1) through (7) of section 110(b) of such Act and sums authorized to be appropriated for [former] section 105 of title 23, United States Code, equal to the amount referred to in subsection 110(b)(8) of such Act) for such fiscal year, referred to in section 110(a)(3)(B) of such Act, shall be deemed to be $34,606,000,000, less the aggregate of the amounts not distributed under section 110(a)(1) of such Act."

Pub. L. 105–130, §2, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2552, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary of Transportation (referred to in this Act as the 'Secretary') shall apportion funds made available under section 1003(d) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [see 111 Stat. 2553] to each State in the ratio that—

"(1) the State's total fiscal year 1997 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program; bears to

"(2) all States' total fiscal year 1997 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program.

"(b) Programmatic Distributions.—

"(1) Programs.—Of the funds to be apportioned to each State under subsection (a), the Secretary shall ensure that the State is apportioned an amount of the funds, determined under paragraph (2), for the Interstate maintenance program, the National Highway System, the bridge program, the surface transportation program [now the surface transportation block grant program], the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, minimum allocation under [former] section 157 of title 23, United States Code, Interstate reimbursement under [former] section 160 of that title, the donor State bonus under section 1013(c) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 1940) [Pub. L. 102–240, formerly set out as a note under section 157 of this title], hold harmless under section 1015(a) of that Act (105 Stat. 1943) [set out below], 90 percent of payments adjustments under section 1015(b) of that Act (105 Stat. 1944) [set out below], section 1015(c) of that Act (105 Stat. 1944) [set out below], an amount equal to the funds provided under sections 1103 through 1108 of that Act (105 Stat. 2027) [see Tables for classification], and funding restoration under section 202 of the National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 (109 Stat. 571).

"(2) In general.—The amount that each State shall be apportioned under this subsection for each item referred to in paragraph (1) shall be determined by multiplying—

"(A) the amount apportioned to the State under subsection (a); by

"(B) the ratio that—

"(i) the amount of funds apportioned for the item, or allocated under sections 1103 through 1108 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 2027), to the State for fiscal year 1997; bears to

"(ii) the total of the amount of funds apportioned for the items, and allocated under those sections, to the State for fiscal year 1997.

"(3) Use of funds.—Amounts apportioned to a State under subsection (a) attributable to sections 1103 through 1108 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 shall be available to the State for projects eligible for assistance under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code.

"(4) Administration.—Funds authorized by the amendment made by subsection (d) shall be administered as if they had been apportioned, allocated, deducted, or set aside, as the case may be, under title 23, United States Code; except that the deduction under [former] section 104(a) of title 23, United States Code, the set-asides under [former] section 104(b)(1) of that title for the territories and under section [former] 104(f)(1) of that title for metropolitan planning, and the expenditure required under section [former] 104(d)(1) of that title shall not apply to those funds.

"(c) Repayment From Future Apportionments.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary shall reduce the amount that would, but for this section, be apportioned to a State for programs under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, for fiscal year 1998 under a law reauthorizing the Federal-aid highway program enacted after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 1, 1997] by the amount that is apportioned to each State under subsection (a) and section 5(f) [Pub. L. 105–130, 111 Stat. 2558] for each such program.

"(2) Program category reconciliation.—The Secretary may establish procedures under which funds apportioned under subsection (a) for a program category for which funds are not authorized under a law described in paragraph (1) may be restored to the Federal-aid highway program.

"(d) Authorization of Contract Authority.—[Amended Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1003, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1918.]

"(e) Limitation on Obligations.—

"(1) In general.—Subject to paragraph (2), after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 1, 1997], the Secretary shall allocate to each State an amount of obligation authority made available under the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998 (Public Law 105–66 [see Tables for classification]) that is—

"(A) equal to the greater of—

"(i) the State's unobligated balance, as of October 1, 1997, of Federal-aid highway apportionments subject to any limitation on obligations; or

"(ii) 50 percent of the State's total fiscal year 1997 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program; but

"(B) not greater than 75 percent of the State's total fiscal year 1997 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program.

"(2) Limitation on amount.—The total of all allocations under paragraph (1) shall not exceed $9,786,275,000.

"(3) Time period for obligations of funds.—

"(A) In general.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a State shall not obligate any funds for any Federal-aid highway program project after May 1, 1998, until the earlier of the date of enactment of a multiyear law reauthorizing the Federal-aid highway program or July 1, 1998.

"(B) Reobligation.—Subparagraph (A) shall not preclude the reobligation of previously obligated funds.

"(C) Distribution of remaining obligation authority.—On the earlier of the date of enactment of a law described in subparagraph (A) or July 1, 1998, the Secretary shall distribute to each State any remaining amounts of obligation authority for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs by allocation in accordance with section 310(a) of the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998 (Public Law 105–66) [set out below].

"(D) Contract authority.—No contract authority made available to the States prior to July 1, 1998, shall be obligated after that date until such time as a multiyear law reauthorizing the Federal-aid highway program has been enacted.

"(4) Treatment of obligations.—Any obligation of an allocation of obligation authority made under this subsection shall be considered to be an obligation for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs for fiscal year 1998 for the purposes of the matter under the heading '(limitation on obligations)' under the heading 'Federal-Aid Highways' in title I of the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998 (Public Law 105–66 [111 Stat. 1431])."

Effect of Limitation on Apportionment

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §319(c), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 589, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997, the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section and section 149 of this title] shall not affect any apportionment adjustments under section 1015 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 1943) [Pub. L. 102–240, formerly set out below]."

Completion of Interstate System

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1001(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1915, provided that: "Congress declares that the authorizations of appropriations and apportionments for construction of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways] made by this section (including the amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 101 of this title]) are the final authorizations of appropriations and apportionments for completion of construction of such System."

Apportionment Adjustments

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1015, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1943, provided for adjustments to surface transportation program funds apportioned to each State for fiscal years 1992 to 1997, with certain conditions and additional allocations, and authorized appropriations.

Allocation Formula Study

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1098, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2025, as amended by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §325(g), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 592, directed General Accounting Office in conjunction with Bureau of Transportation Statistics to conduct thorough study and recommend to Congress within 2 years after Dec. 18, 1991, a fair and equitable apportionment formula for allocation of Federal-aid highway funds that best directs highway funds to places of greatest need for highway maintenance and enhancement based on extent of these highway systems, their present use, and increases in their use, with results of study to be presented to Congress on or before Jan. 1, 1994, and to be considered by Congress in the 1996 reauthorization of surface transportation program.

Study on Impact of Climatic Conditions

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1101–1102, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2027, directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study of effects of climatic conditions on costs of highway construction and maintenance and to transmit to Congress, not later than Sept. 30, 1993, a report on the results of the study, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–362, title XV, §1501(d), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3294.

Withholding of Five Per Centum of Funds for States Failing To Meet Requirements

Pub. L. 101–516, title III, §333, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2184, which provided in part that for each fiscal year directed Secretary of Transportation to withhold five per centum of the amount required to be apportioned to any State under each of paragraphs (1), (2), (5), and (6) of former section 104(b) of this title on the first day of each fiscal year which begins after the second full calendar year following Nov. 5, 1990, if State does not meet the requirements of paragraph (3) on such date, was repealed by Pub. L. 102–143, title III, §333(c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 947.

Reduction in Amount States Failing To Authorize Tax-Based Sources of Revenue May Obligate

Pub. L. 101–516, title III, §341, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2189, as amended by Pub. L. 102–240, title III, §3003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2088, provided that States not authorizing tax-based sources of revenue to pay the non-Federal share for certain mass transportation projects by Oct. 1, 1991, would have a 25 percent reduction in amounts available for obligation for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs for the period from Jan. 1, 1992, through Dec. 31, 1992.

Pub. L. 102–27, title IV, §404(b), Apr. 10, 1991, 105 Stat. 155, provided that: "The Secretary of Transportation shall restore any reductions in obligation authority made under section 329 [of Pub. L. 101–516, formerly set out below] prior to its repeal."

Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 101–516, title III, §329, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2183, which was repealed by Pub. L. 102–27, title IV, §404(a), Apr. 10, 1991, 105 Stat. 155.

Implementation of Certain Presidential Orders Requiring Percentage Reduction for Federal-Aid Highway, Mass Transit, and Highway Safety Programs

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §136, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 174, provided that: "In implementing any order issued by the President which provides for or requires a percentage reduction in new budget authority, unobligated balances, obligated balances, new loan guarantee commitments, new direct loan obligations, spending authority, or obligation limitations for the Federal-aid highway, mass transit and highway safety programs and with respect to which the budget account activity as identified in the program and financing schedule contained in the Appendix to the Budget of the United States Government for such programs includes more than one specific highway, mass transit, or highway safety program or project for which budget authority is provided by this Act or an amendment made by this Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title], the Secretary shall apply the percentage reduction equally to each such specific program or project."

Federal-Aid Primary Formula for Amounts Authorized for Fiscal Years 1983 Through 1991

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §108(a)–(e), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2103, as amended by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§107, 133(a)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 146, 170, set forth an alternate apportionment formula for amounts authorized for fiscal years 1983 to 1991 for the Federal-aid primary system.

Matching Fund Waiver for Period January 6, 1983, Through September 30, 1984

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §145, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2130, provided that the Federal share of certain qualifying projects approved by the Secretary of Transportation under sections 106(a) and 117 of this title between Jan. 6, 1983, and Sept. 30, 1984, would be up to and including 100 percent of the construction cost as requested by the State highway department.

Federal-Aid Highways and Highway Safety Construction Programs; Maximum Limits on Total Obligations; Exceptions; State Allocations

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11102, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 450, provided that:

"(a) General Limitation.—Subject to subsection (e), and notwithstanding any other provision of law, the obligations for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs shall not exceed—

"(1) $57,473,430,072 for fiscal year 2022;

"(2) $58,764,510,674 for fiscal year 2023;

"(3) $60,095,782,888 for fiscal year 2024;

"(4) $61,314,170,545 for fiscal year 2025; and

"(5) $62,657,105,821 for fiscal year 2026.

"(b) Exceptions.—The limitations under subsection (a) shall not apply to obligations under or for—

"(1) section 125 of title 23, United States Code;

"(2) section 147 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 [Pub. L. 95–599] ([former] 23 U.S.C. 144 note; 92 Stat. 2714);

"(3) section 9 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 (95 Stat. 1701);

"(4) subsections (b) and (j) of section 131 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (96 Stat. 2119);

"(5) subsections (b) and (c) of section 149 of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 (101 Stat. 198);

"(6) sections 1103 through 1108 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 2027);

"(7) section 157 of title 23, United States Code (as in effect on June 8, 1998);

"(8) section 105 of title 23, United States Code (as in effect for fiscal years 1998 through 2004, but only in an amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);

"(9) Federal-aid highway programs for which obligation authority was made available under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (112 Stat. 107) [Pub. L. 105–178, see Tables for classification] or subsequent Acts for multiple years or to remain available until expended, but only to the extent that the obligation authority has not lapsed or been used;

"(10) section 105 of title 23, United States Code (as in effect for fiscal years 2005 through 2012, but only in an amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);

"(11) section 1603 of SAFETEA–LU [Pub. L. 109–59] (23 U.S.C. 118 note; 119 Stat. 1248), to the extent that funds obligated in accordance with that section were not subject to a limitation on obligations at the time at which the funds were initially made available for obligation;

"(12) section 119 of title 23, United States Code (as in effect for fiscal years 2013 through 2015, but only in an amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);

"(13) section 119 of title 23, United States Code (as in effect for fiscal years 2016 through 2021, but only in an amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years); and

"(14) section 119 of title 23, United States Code (but, for fiscal years 2022 through 2026, only in an amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years).

"(c) Distribution of Obligation Authority.—For each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, the Secretary [of Transportation]—

"(1) shall not distribute obligation authority provided by subsection (a) for the fiscal year for—

"(A) amounts authorized for administrative expenses and programs by section 104(a) of title 23, United States Code; and

"(B) amounts authorized for the Bureau of Transportation Statistics;

"(2) shall not distribute an amount of obligation authority provided by subsection (a) that is equal to the unobligated balance of amounts—

"(A) made available from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs for previous fiscal years the funds for which are allocated by the Secretary (or apportioned by the Secretary under section 202 or 204 of title 23, United States Code); and

"(B) for which obligation authority was provided in a previous fiscal year;

"(3) shall determine the proportion that—

"(A) the obligation authority provided by subsection (a) for the fiscal year, less the aggregate of amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection; bears to

"(B) the total of the sums authorized to be appropriated for the Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs (other than sums authorized to be appropriated for provisions of law described in paragraphs (1) through (13) of subsection (b) and sums authorized to be appropriated for section 119 of title 23, United States Code, equal to the amount referred to in subsection (b)(14) for the fiscal year), less the aggregate of the amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection;

"(4) shall distribute the obligation authority provided by subsection (a), less the aggregate amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2), for each of the programs (other than programs to which paragraph (1) applies) that are allocated by the Secretary under this division [see Tables for classification] and title 23, United States Code, or apportioned by the Secretary under section 202 or 204 of that title, by multiplying—

"(A) the proportion determined under paragraph (3); by

"(B) the amounts authorized to be appropriated for each such program for the fiscal year; and

"(5) shall distribute the obligation authority provided by subsection (a), less the aggregate amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) and the amounts distributed under paragraph (4), for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs that are apportioned by the Secretary under title 23, United States Code (other than the amounts apportioned for the national highway performance program in section 119 of title 23, United States Code, that are exempt from the limitation under subsection (b)(14) and the amounts apportioned under sections 202 and 204 of that title) in the proportion that—

"(A) amounts authorized to be appropriated for the programs that are apportioned under title 23, United States Code, to each State for the fiscal year; bears to

"(B) the total of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for the programs that are apportioned under title 23, United States Code, to all States for the fiscal year.

"(d) Redistribution of Unused Obligation Authority.—Notwithstanding subsection (c), the Secretary shall, after August 1 of each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026—

"(1) revise a distribution of the obligation authority made available under subsection (c) if an amount distributed cannot be obligated during that fiscal year; and

"(2) redistribute sufficient amounts to those States able to obligate amounts in addition to those previously distributed during that fiscal year, giving priority to those States having large unobligated balances of funds apportioned under sections 144 (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of MAP–21 (Public Law 112–141; 126 Stat. 405) [see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of this title]) and 104 of title 23, United States Code.

"(e) Applicability of Obligation Limitations to Transportation Research Programs.—

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), obligation limitations imposed by subsection (a) shall apply to contract authority for transportation research programs carried out under chapter 5 of title 23, United States Code.

"(2) Exception.—Obligation authority made available under paragraph (1) shall—

"(A) remain available for a period of 4 fiscal years; and

"(B) be in addition to the amount of any limitation imposed on obligations for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs for future fiscal years.

"(f) Redistribution of Certain Authorized Funds.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 30 days after the date of distribution of obligation authority under subsection (c) for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, the Secretary shall distribute to the States any funds (excluding funds authorized for the program under section 202 of title 23, United States Code) that—

"(A) are authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year for Federal-aid highway programs; and

"(B) the Secretary determines will not be allocated to the States (or will not be apportioned to the States under section 204 of title 23, United States Code), and will not be available for obligation, for the fiscal year because of the imposition of any obligation limitation for the fiscal year.

"(2) Ratio.—Funds shall be distributed under paragraph (1) in the same proportion as the distribution of obligation authority under subsection (c)(5).

"(3) Availability.—Funds distributed to each State under paragraph (1) shall be available for any purpose described in section 133(b) of title 23, United States Code."

Similar provisions for prior fiscal years were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1102, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1326.

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1102, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 416, as amended by Pub. L. 113–159, title I, §1001(c)(3), Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1841; Pub. L. 114–21, title I, §1001(c)(2), May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 219; Pub. L. 114–41, title I, §1001(c)(2), July 31, 2015, 129 Stat. 445; Pub. L. 114–73, title I, §1001(c)(2), Oct. 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 569; Pub. L. 114–87, title I, §1001(c)(2), Nov. 20, 2015, 129 Stat. 678.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1102, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1157, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(b), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1573.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1102, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 115, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(b), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 834; Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §103(b)(2), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1753.

Pub. L. 117–328, div. L, title I, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5109, provided in part that: "Funds available for the implementation or execution of authorized Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs shall not exceed total obligations of $58,764,510,674 for fiscal year 2023".

Similar provisions for prior fiscal years were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 117–103, div. L, title I, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 698.

Pub. L. 116–260, div. L, title I, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1835.

Pub. L. 116–94, div. H, title I, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2945.

Pub. L. 116–6, div. G, title I, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 407.

Pub. L. 115–141, div. L, title I, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 982.

Pub. L. 115–31, div. K, title I, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 735.

Pub. L. 114–113, div. L, title I, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2844.

Pub. L. 113–235, div. K, title I, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2705.

Pub. L. 113–76, div. L, title I, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 583.

Pub. L. 112–55, div. C, title I, Nov. 18, 2011, 125 Stat. 650.

Pub. L. 117–328, div. L, title I, §120, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5114, provided that:

"(a) For fiscal year 2023, the Secretary of Transportation shall—

"(1) not distribute from the obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways—

"(A) amounts authorized for administrative expenses and programs by section 104(a) of title 23, United States Code; and

"(B) amounts authorized for the Bureau of Transportation Statistics;

"(2) not distribute an amount from the obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways that is equal to the unobligated balance of amounts—

"(A) made available from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs for previous fiscal years the funds for which are allocated by the Secretary (or apportioned by the Secretary under section 202 or 204 of title 23, United States Code); and

"(B) for which obligation limitation was provided in a previous fiscal year;

"(3) determine the proportion that—

"(A) the obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways, less the aggregate of amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection; bears to

"(B) the total of the sums authorized to be appropriated for the Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs (other than sums authorized to be appropriated for provisions of law described in paragraphs (1) through (11) of subsection (b) and sums authorized to be appropriated for section 119 of title 23, United States Code, equal to the amount referred to in subsection (b)(12) for such fiscal year), less the aggregate of the amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection;

"(4) distribute the obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways, less the aggregate amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2), for each of the programs (other than programs to which paragraph (1) applies) that are allocated by the Secretary under authorized Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs, or apportioned by the Secretary under section 202 or 204 of title 23, United States Code, by multiplying—

"(A) the proportion determined under paragraph (3); by

"(B) the amounts authorized to be appropriated for each such program for such fiscal year; and

"(5) distribute the obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways, less the aggregate amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) and the amounts distributed under paragraph (4), for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs that are apportioned by the Secretary under title 23, United States Code (other than the amounts apportioned for the National Highway Performance Program in section 119 of title 23, United States Code, that are exempt from the limitation under subsection (b)(12) and the amounts apportioned under sections 202 and 204 of that title)[,] in the proportion that—

"(A) amounts authorized to be appropriated for the programs that are apportioned under title 23, United States Code, to each State for such fiscal year; bears to

"(B) the total of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for the programs that are apportioned under title 23, United States Code, to all States for such fiscal year.

"(b) Exceptions From Obligation Limitation.—The obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways shall not apply to obligations under or for—

"(1) section 125 of title 23, United States Code;

"(2) section 147 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 [Pub. L. 95–599] ([former] 23 U.S.C. 144 note; 92 Stat. 2714);

"(3) section 9 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 [Pub. L. 97–134](95 Stat. 1701);

"(4) subsections (b) and (j) of section 131 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 [Pub. L. 97–424] (96 Stat. 2119);

"(5) subsections (b) and (c) of section 149 of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 [Pub. L. 100–17] (101 Stat. 198);

"(6) sections 1103 through 1108 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102–240, see Tables for classification] (105 Stat. 2027);

"(7) section 157 of title 23, United States Code (as in effect on June 8, 1998);

"(8) section 105 of title 23, United States Code (as in effect for fiscal years 1998 through 2004, but only in an amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);

"(9) Federal-aid highway programs for which obligation authority was made available under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178, see Tables for classification] (112 Stat. 107) or subsequent Acts for multiple years or to remain available until expended, but only to the extent that the obligation authority has not lapsed or been used;

"(10) [former] section 105 of title 23, United States Code (as in effect for fiscal years 2005 through 2012, but only in an amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);

"(11) section 1603 of SAFETEA–LU [Pub. L. 109–59] (23 U.S.C. 118 note; 119 Stat. 1248), to the extent that funds obligated in accordance with that section were not subject to a limitation on obligations at the time at which the funds were initially made available for obligation; and

"(12) section 119 of title 23, United States Code (but, for each of fiscal years 2013 through 2023, only in an amount equal to $639,000,000).

"(c) Redistribution of Unused Obligation Authority.—Notwithstanding subsection (a), the Secretary shall, after August 1 of such fiscal year—

"(1) revise a distribution of the obligation limitation made available under subsection (a) if an amount distributed cannot be obligated during that fiscal year; and

"(2) redistribute sufficient amounts to those States able to obligate amounts in addition to those previously distributed during that fiscal year, giving priority to those States having large unobligated balances of funds apportioned under sections 144 (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of Public Law 112–141 [July 6, 2012]) and 104 of title 23, United States Code.

"(d) Applicability of Obligation Limitations to Transportation Research Programs.—

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways shall apply to contract authority for transportation research programs carried out under—

"(A) chapter 5 of title 23, United States Code;

"(B) title VI of the Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act [title VI of Pub. L. 114–94, see Tables for classification]; and

"(C) title III of division A of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117–58).

"(2) Exception.—Obligation authority made available under paragraph (1) shall—

"(A) remain available for a period of 4 fiscal years; and

"(B) be in addition to the amount of any limitation imposed on obligations for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs for future fiscal years.

"(e) Redistribution of Certain Authorized Funds.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 30 days after the date of distribution of obligation limitation under subsection (a), the Secretary shall distribute to the States any funds (excluding funds authorized for the program under section 202 of title 23, United States Code) that—

"(A) are authorized to be appropriated for such fiscal year for Federal-aid highway programs; and

"(B) the Secretary determines will not be allocated to the States (or will not be apportioned to the States under section 204 of title 23, United States Code), and will not be available for obligation, for such fiscal year because of the imposition of any obligation limitation for such fiscal year.

"(2) Ratio.—Funds shall be distributed under paragraph (1) in the same proportion as the distribution of obligation authority under subsection (a)(5).

"(3) Availability.—Funds distributed to each State under paragraph (1) shall be available for any purpose described in section 133(b) of title 23, United States Code."

Similar provisions for prior fiscal years were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 117–103, div. L, title I, §120, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 701.

Pub. L. 116–260, div. L, title I, §120, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1839.

Pub. L. 116–94, div. H, title I, §120, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2948.

Pub. L. 116–6, div. G, title I, §120, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 409.

Pub. L. 115–141, div. L, title I, §120, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 984.

Pub. L. 115–31, div. K, title I, §120, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 736.

Pub. L. 114–113, div. L, title I, §120, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2844.

Pub. L. 113–235, div. K, title I, §120, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2705.

Pub. L. 113–76, div. L, title I, §120, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 583.

Pub. L. 112–55, div. C, title I, §120, Nov. 18, 2011, 125 Stat. 651.

Pub. L. 111–117, div. A, title I, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3044.

Pub. L. 111–117, div. A, title I, §120, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3045.

Pub. L. 111–8, div. I, title I, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 923.

Pub. L. 111–8, div. I, title I, §120, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 924.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. K, title I, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2383.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. K, title I, §120, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2385.

Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title I, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2402.

Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title I, §110, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2403.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title I, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3204.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title I, §110, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3209.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title I, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 285.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title I, §110, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 290, as amended by Pub. L. 108–202, §8(b), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 484; Pub. L. 108–287, title X, §14003(a) Aug. 5, 2004, 118 Stat. 1013.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. I, title I, title III, §310, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 393, 407.

Pub. L. 107–87, title I, title III, §310, Dec. 18, 2001, 115 Stat. 841, 855.

Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title I, title III, §310], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A-7, 1356A-24.

Pub. L. 106–69, title I, title III, §310, Oct. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 994, 1016.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(g) [title I, title III, §310], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–439, 2681-446, 2681-465.

Pub. L. 105–66, title I, title III, §310, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1431, 1442.

Pub. L. 104–205, title I, title III, §310, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 2958, 2969.

Pub. L. 104–50, title I, title III, §310, Nov. 15, 1995, 109 Stat. 443, 454.

Pub. L. 103–331, title I, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2477; Pub. L. 104–19, title I, July 27, 1995, 109 Stat. 223.

Pub. L. 103–331, title III, §310, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2489, as amended by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §338(c)(3), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 605.

Pub. L. 103–122, title I, title III, §310, Oct. 27, 1993, 107 Stat. 1206, 1220, as amended by Pub. L. 103–211, title II, Feb. 12, 1994, 108 Stat. 20.

Pub. L. 102–388, title I, title III, §310, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1528, 1544.

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1002(a)–(g), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1916–1918.

Pub. L. 102–143, title I, title III, §310, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 925, 940.

Pub. L. 101–516, title I, title III, §310, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2163, 2179.

Pub. L. 101–164, title I, title III, §310, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1077, 1092.

Pub. L. 100–457, title I, title III, §310, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2132, 2146.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(l) [title I, title III, §310], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329-365, 1329-378.

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §105(a)–(g), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 142–144.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(l) [H.R. 5205, title I, title III, §313(a)–(d)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(l) [H.R. 5205, title I, title III, §313(a)–(d)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308.

Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, §4102(a)–(e), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 112, 113.

Pub. L. 99–190, §101(e) [title I, title III, §313], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1267, 1275, 1285.

Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(i) [title I, title III, §315], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1944, 1951, 1962.

Pub. L. 98–78, title I, title III, §322, Aug. 15, 1983, 97 Stat. 460, 474.

Pub. L. 98–8, title I, Mar. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 14.

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §104(a)–(d), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2098.

Pub. L. 97–134, §3, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1699, as amended by Pub. L. 97–216, title I, July 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 187.

Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, §1106, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 624, as amended by Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §104(e), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2099.

Apportionment Factors for Expenditures on System of Interstate and Defense Highways

Provisions requiring the Secretary of Transportation to apportion for specific fiscal years sums authorized to be appropriated for such fiscal years by section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, set out as a note under section 101 of this title, for expenditures on the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways] using the apportionment factors contained in certain tables in particular committee prints of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1001(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1915.

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §102(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 135.

Pub. L. 99–104, §1, Sept. 30, 1985, 99 Stat. 474.

Pub. L. 99–4, §1, Mar. 13, 1985, 99 Stat. 6.

Pub. L. 98–229, §1, Mar. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 55.

Pub. L. 97–327, §3, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1611.

Pub. L. 97–134, §2, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1699.

Pub. L. 96–144, §1, Dec. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 1084.

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §103, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2689.

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §103, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 426.

Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §103, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 250.

Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §103, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1714.

Pub. L. 90–495, §3, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 815.

Pub. L. 89–574, §3, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 766.

Pub. L. 89–139, §2, Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578.

Minimum Apportionment to Each State; Expenditure of Excess Amounts

Provisions entitling each State, for specific fiscal years, to receive at least one-half of 1 per centum of the total apportionment for the Interstate System under former section 104(b)(5)(A) of this title, and authorizing States to expend amounts available under these provisions which are in excess of the estimated cost of completing and of necessary resurfacing, restoring, rehabilitating, and reconstruction of the State's portion of the Interstate System for the purposes for which funds apportioned under former section 104(b)(1), (2), and (6) of this title may be expended or for carrying out section 152 of this title were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §102(c), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 135, as amended by Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1001(h), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1916.

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §103(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2097.

Pub. L. 97–327, §4(b), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1612; repealed Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §103(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2098.

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §104(b)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2691.

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §105(b)(1), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 428.

Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §104(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 252.

Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §105(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1716.

Public Boat Launching Areas; Access Ramps

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §147, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 446, provided that: "Funds apportioned to States under [former] subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(6) of section 104 of title 23, United States Code, may be used upon the application of the State and the approval of the Secretary of Transportation for construction of access ramps from bridges under construction or which are being reconstructed, replaced, repaired, or otherwise altered on the Federal-aid primary, secondary, or urban system to public boat launching areas adjacent to such bridges. Approval of the Secretary shall be in accordance with guidelines developed jointly by the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of the Interior."

Use of Federal Funds During Period Beginning February 12, 1975, and Ending September 30, 1975

Pub. L. 94–30, §3, June 4, 1975, 89 Stat. 171, sanctioned the use of any money apportioned under former section 104(b) of this title for any Federal-aid highway system in a State for any project in that State on any Federal-aid highway system, such amount to be deducted from the apportionment made after June 4, 1975 and repaid and credited to the last apportionment made for which the money was originally apportioned.

Minimum Apportionment for Primary System; Additional Appropriations for Fiscal Years Ending June 30, 1974, 1975, and 1976

Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §111(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 257, provided that no State (other than the District of Columbia) would receive an apportionment for the primary system less than the apportionment the State received for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and made additional appropriations for the Federal-aid primary system.

Section 102(a) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956

Act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title I, §102(a), 70 Stat. 374, authorized, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the Federal-Aid Road Act approved July 11, 1916, additional appropriations of $125,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957, $850,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958, and $875,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, and provided for the percentage allocation of these funds for primary, secondary and urban systems and the manner of apportionment among the States.

Approval of Estimate of Cost of Completing the Interstate System as Basis for Apportionment of Funds for Fiscal Years 1963 to 1966

Pub. L. 87–61, title I, §102, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122, approved the estimate of cost of completing the Interstate System in each State, transmitted to the Congress on Jan. 11, 1961, as the basis for making the apportionment of funds authorized for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1963, 1964, 1965, and 1966.

Approval of Estimate of Cost of Completing the Interstate System as Basis for Apportionment of Funds for Fiscal Years 1960–1962

Pub. L. 85–381, §8, Apr. 16, 1958, 72 Stat. 94, as amended by Pub. L. 85–899, §1, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1725; Pub. L. 86–342, title I, §103, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 611, approved the estimate of cost of completing the Interstate System in each State, transmitted to the Congress on Jan. 7, 1958, as the basis for making the apportionment of funds authorized for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1960, 1961, and 1962.

Apportionments for Subsequent Years Based on Revised Estimates of Cost

Act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title I, §108(d), 70 Stat. 379, as amended by act Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–899, §2, 72 Stat. 1725, provided that the sums authorized for the fiscal years 1960 through 1969 be apportioned among the several States in the ratio which the estimated cost of completing the Interstate System had to the sum of the estimated cost of completing the Interstate System in all of the States, and required the Secretary of Commerce, in cooperation with State highway departments, to make detailed revised estimates of the cost of completion of the system and to supply Congress with such revised estimate.

[§105. Repealed. Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11501(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 578]

Section, added Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1403(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1407, related to availability of additional amounts of contract authority based on additional deposits into the Highway Trust Fund.

A prior section 105, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 891; Pub. L. 86–624, §17(b), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 89–564, title II, §206, Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 736; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§106(d), 132, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1717, 1732; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §109(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 255; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §§111, 112, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2696; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §109(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2104; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1105(g)(7), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2036; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1104(a), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 127; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(d), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 835; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1104(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1163; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(m)(3)(B), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1576, related to the equity bonus program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1519(b)(1)(A), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 575, effective Oct. 1, 2012.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

§106. Project approval and oversight

(a) In General.—

(1) Submission of plans, specifications, and estimates.—Except as otherwise provided in this section, each State transportation department shall submit to the Secretary for approval such plans, specifications, and estimates for each proposed project as the Secretary may require.

(2) Project agreement.—The Secretary shall act on the plans, specifications, and estimates as soon as practicable after the date of their submission and shall enter into a formal project agreement with the State transportation department recipient formalizing the conditions of the project approval.

(3) Contractual obligation.—The execution of the project agreement shall be deemed a contractual obligation of the Federal Government for the payment of the Federal share of the cost of the project.

(4) Guidance.—In taking action under this subsection, the Secretary shall be guided by section 109.

(b) Project Agreement.—

(1) Provision of state funds.—The project agreement shall make provision for State funds required to pay the State's non-Federal share of the cost of construction of the project (including payments made pursuant to a long-term concession agreement, such as availability payments) and to pay for maintenance of the project after completion of construction.

(2) Representations of state.—If a part of the project is to be constructed at the expense of, or in cooperation with, political subdivisions of the State, the Secretary may rely on representations made by the State transportation department with respect to the arrangements or agreements made by the State transportation department and appropriate local officials for ensuring that the non-Federal contribution will be provided under paragraph (1).

(c) Assumption by States of Responsibilities of the Secretary.—

(1) NHS projects.—For projects under this title that are on the National Highway System, including projects on the Interstate System, the State may assume the responsibilities of the Secretary under this title for design, plans, specifications, estimates, contract awards, and inspections with respect to the projects unless the Secretary determines that the assumption is not appropriate.

(2) Non-nhs projects.—For projects under this title that are not on the National Highway System, the State shall assume the responsibilities of the Secretary under this title for design, plans, specifications, estimates, contract awards, and inspection of projects, unless the State determines that such assumption is not appropriate.

(3) Agreement.—The Secretary and the State shall enter into an agreement relating to the extent to which the State assumes the responsibilities of the Secretary under this subsection.

(4) Limitation on interstate projects.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall not assign any responsibilities to a State for projects the Secretary determines to be in a high risk category, as defined under subparagraph (B).

(B) High risk categories.—The Secretary may define the high risk categories under this subparagraph on a national basis, a State-by-State basis, or a national and State-by-State basis, as determined to be appropriate by the Secretary.

(d) Responsibilities of the Secretary.—Nothing in this section, section 133, or section 149 shall affect or discharge any responsibility or obligation of the Secretary under—

(1) section 113 or 114; or

(2) any Federal law other than this title (including section 5333 of title 49).

(e) Value Engineering Analysis.—

(1) Definition of value engineering analysis.—

(A) In general.—In this subsection, the term "value engineering analysis" means a systematic process of review and analysis of a project, during the planning and design phases, by a multidisciplinary team of persons not involved in the project, that is conducted to provide recommendations such as those described in subparagraph (B) for—

(i) providing the needed functions safely, reliably, and at the lowest overall lifecycle cost;

(ii) improving the value and quality of the project; and

(iii) reducing the time to complete the project.

(B) Inclusions.—The recommendations referred to in subparagraph (A) include, with respect to a project—

(i) combining or eliminating otherwise inefficient use of costly parts of the original proposed design for the project; and

(ii) completely redesigning the project using different technologies, materials, or methods so as to accomplish the original purpose of the project.

(2) Analysis.—The State shall provide a value engineering analysis for—

(A) each project on the National Highway System receiving Federal assistance with an estimated total cost of $50,000,000 or more;

(B) a bridge project on the National Highway System receiving Federal assistance with an estimated total cost of $40,000,000 or more; and

(C) any other project the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(3) Major projects.—The Secretary may require more than 1 analysis described in paragraph (2) for a major project described in subsection (h).

(4) Requirements.—

(A) Value engineering program.—The State shall develop and carry out a value engineering program that—

(i) establishes and documents value engineering program policies and procedures;

(ii) ensures that the required value engineering analysis is conducted before completing the final design of a project;

(iii) ensures that the value engineering analysis that is conducted, and the recommendations developed and implemented for each project, are documented in a final value engineering report; and

(iv) monitors, evaluates, and annually submits to the Secretary a report that describes the results of the value analyses that are conducted and the recommendations implemented for each of the projects described in paragraph (2) that are completed in the State.

(B) Bridge projects.—The value engineering analysis for a bridge project under paragraph (2) shall—

(i) include bridge superstructure and substructure requirements based on construction material; and

(ii) be evaluated by the State—

(I) on engineering and economic bases, taking into consideration acceptable designs for bridges; and

(II) using an analysis of lifecycle costs and duration of project construction.

(5) Design-build projects.—A requirement to provide a value engineering analysis under this subsection shall not apply to a project delivered using the design-build method of construction.

(f) Life-Cycle Cost Analysis.—

(1) Use of life-cycle cost analysis.—The Secretary shall develop recommendations for the States to conduct life-cycle cost analyses. The recommendations shall be based on the principles contained in section 2 of Executive Order No. 12893 and shall be developed in consultation with the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. The Secretary shall not require a State to conduct a life-cycle cost analysis for any project as a result of the recommendations required under this subsection.

(2) Life-cycle cost analysis defined.—In this subsection, the term "life-cycle cost analysis" means a process for evaluating the total economic worth of a usable project segment by analyzing initial costs and discounted future costs, such as maintenance, user costs, reconstruction, rehabilitation, restoring, and resurfacing costs, over the life of the project segment.

(g) Oversight Program.—

(1) Establishment.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall establish an oversight program to monitor the effective and efficient use of funds authorized to carry out this title.

(B) Minimum requirement.—At a minimum, the program shall be responsive to all areas relating to financial integrity and project delivery.

(2) Financial integrity.—

(A) Financial management systems.—The Secretary shall perform annual reviews that address elements of the State transportation departments' financial management systems that affect projects approved under subsection (a).

(B) Project costs.—The Secretary shall develop minimum standards for estimating project costs and shall periodically evaluate the practices of States for estimating project costs, awarding contracts, and reducing project costs.

(3) Project delivery.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary shall perform reviews that address elements of the project delivery system of a State, which elements include one or more activities that are involved in the life cycle of a project from conception to completion of the project.

(B) Frequency.—

(i) In general.—Except as provided in clauses (ii) and (iii), the Secretary shall carry out a review under subparagraph (A) not less frequently than once every 2 years.

(ii) Consultation with state.—The Secretary, after consultation with a State, may make a determination to carry out a review under subparagraph (A) for that State less frequently than provided under clause (i).

(iii) Cause.—If the Secretary determines that there is a specific reason to require a review more frequently than provided under clause (i) with respect to a State, the Secretary may carry out a review more frequently than provided under that clause.

(4) Responsibility of the states.—

(A) In general.—The States shall be responsible for determining that subrecipients of Federal funds under this title have—

(i) adequate project delivery systems for projects approved under this section; and

(ii) sufficient accounting controls to properly manage such Federal funds.

(B) Periodic review.—The Secretary shall periodically review the monitoring of subrecipients by the States.

(5) Specific oversight responsibilities.—

(A) Effect of section.—Nothing in this section shall affect or discharge any oversight responsibility of the Secretary specifically provided for under this title or other Federal law.

(B) Appalachian development highways.—The Secretary shall retain full oversight responsibilities for the design and construction of all Appalachian development highways under section 14501 of title 40.

(h) Major Projects.—

(1) In general.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, a recipient of Federal financial assistance for a project under this title with an estimated total cost of $500,000,000 or more, and recipients for such other projects as may be identified by the Secretary, shall submit to the Secretary for each project—

(A) a project management plan; and

(B) an annual financial plan, including a phasing plan when applicable.

(2) Project management plan.—A project management plan shall document—

(A) the procedures and processes that are in effect to provide timely information to the project decisionmakers to effectively manage the scope, costs, schedules, and quality of, and the Federal requirements applicable to, the project; and

(B) the role of the agency leadership and management team in the delivery of the project.

(3) Financial plan.—A financial plan—

(A) shall be based on detailed estimates of the cost to complete the project;

(B) shall provide for the annual submission of updates to the Secretary that are based on reasonable assumptions, as determined by the Secretary, of future increases in the cost to complete the project;

(C) may include a phasing plan that identifies fundable incremental improvements or phases that will address the purpose and the need of the project in the short term in the event there are insufficient financial resources to complete the entire project. If a phasing plan is adopted for a project pursuant to this section, the project shall be deemed to satisfy the fiscal constraint requirements in the statewide and metropolitan planning requirements in sections 134 and 135;

(D) for a project in which the project sponsor intends to carry out the project through a public-private partnership agreement, shall include a detailed value for money analysis or similar comparative analysis for the project; and

(E) shall assess the appropriateness of a public-private partnership to deliver the project.

(i) Other Projects.—A recipient of Federal financial assistance for a project under this title with an estimated total cost of $100,000,000 or more that is not covered by subsection (h) shall prepare an annual financial plan. Annual financial plans prepared under this subsection shall be made available to the Secretary for review upon the request of the Secretary.

(j) Use of Advanced Modeling Technologies.—

(1) Definition of advanced modeling technology.—In this subsection, the term "advanced modeling technology" means an available or developing technology, including 3-dimensional digital modeling, that can—

(A) accelerate and improve the environmental review process;

(B) increase effective public participation;

(C) enhance the detail and accuracy of project designs;

(D) increase safety;

(E) accelerate construction, and reduce construction costs; or

(F) otherwise expedite project delivery with respect to transportation projects that receive Federal funding.

(2) Program.—With respect to transportation projects that receive Federal funding, the Secretary shall encourage the use of advanced modeling technologies during environmental, planning, financial management, design, simulation, and construction processes of the projects.

(3) Activities.—In carrying out paragraph (2), the Secretary shall—

(A) compile information relating to advanced modeling technologies, including industry best practices with respect to the use of the technologies;

(B) disseminate to States information relating to advanced modeling technologies, including industry best practices with respect to the use of the technologies; and

(C) promote the use of advanced modeling technologies.

(4) Comprehensive plan.—The Secretary shall develop and publish on the public website of the Department of Transportation a detailed and comprehensive plan for the implementation of paragraph (2).

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 892; Pub. L. 88–157, §7(a), Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 278; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§106(e), 142, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1717, 1737; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §114, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(4), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1016(b), 1018(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1945, 1948; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §303, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 578; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1305(a)–(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 227–229; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1904(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1465; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1503(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 561; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title II, §2002(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1446; Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §§11307(f), 11508(d)(1), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 534, 587.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Executive Order No. 12893, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), is set out as a note under section 501 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, §11307(f), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and inserted heading, struck out "annual" before "reviews", and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (h)(3)(D), (E). Pub. L. 117–58, §11508(d)(1), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpar. (D) as (E).

2015—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–94 inserted "(including payments made pursuant to a long-term concession agreement, such as availability payments)" after "construction of the project".

2012—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(1), inserted "recipient" before "formalizing".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(2)(A)(ii), (iii), substituted ", including projects on the Interstate System" for "but not on the Interstate System" and "with respect to the projects unless the Secretary determines that the assumption is not appropriate." for "of projects unless the State or the Secretary determines that such assumption is not appropriate."

Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(2)(A)(i), struck out "Non-interstate" before "nhs" in heading. Resulting initial word was editorially changed to "NHS" to conform to style of paragraph headings.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(2)(B), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary may not assume any greater responsibility than the Secretary is permitted under this title on September 30, 1997, except upon agreement by the Secretary and the State."

Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(3)(A)(i), substituted "planning" for "concept" and "multidisciplinary" for "multidisciplined" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(3)(A)(ii), added cl. (i) and struck out former cl. (i) which read as follows: "providing the needed functions safely, reliably, and at the lowest overall cost;".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(3)(B)(i), struck out "or other cost-reduction analysis" after "engineering analysis" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(3)(B)(ii), substituted "National Highway System receiving Federal assistance" for "Federal-aid system" and "$50,000,000" for "$25,000,000".

Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(3)(B)(iii), inserted "on the National Highway System receiving Federal assistance" after "a bridge project" and substituted "$40,000,000" for "$20,000,000".

Subsec. (e)(4), (5). Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(3)(C), added pars. (4) and (5) and struck out former par. (4). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Analyses described in paragraph (1) for a bridge project shall—

"(A) include bridge substructure requirements based on construction material; and

"(B) be evaluated—

"(i) on engineering and economic bases, taking into consideration acceptable designs for bridges; and

"(ii) using an analysis of life-cycle costs and duration of project construction."

Subsec. (h)(1)(B). Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(4)(A), inserted ", including a phasing plan when applicable" after "financial plan".

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(4)(B), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A financial plan shall—

"(A) be based on detailed estimates of the cost to complete the project; and

"(B) provide for the annual submission of updates to the Secretary that are based on reasonable assumptions, as determined by the Secretary, of future increases in the cost to complete the project."

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 112–141, §1503(a)(5), added subsec. (j).

2005—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §1904(a)(1), added subsec. (e) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (e). Text read as follows: "For such projects as the Secretary determines advisable, plans, specifications, and estimates for proposed projects on any Federal-aid highway shall be accompanied by a value engineering analysis or other cost reduction analysis."

Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §1904(a)(2), added subsecs. (g) to (i) and struck out former subsecs. (g) and (h) which related to establishment of a value engineering analysis program for projects with an estimated total cost of $25,000,000 or more and requirement that recipient of assistance for a project with an estimated total cost of $1,000,000,000 or more submit an annual financial plan for the project.

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(a)(1), substituted "Project approval and oversight" for "Plans, specifications, and estimates" in section catchline.

Subsecs. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(a)(3), added subsecs. (a) to (d) and struck out former subsecs. (a) to (d) which related to requirement for State highway departments to submit to Secretary for approval plans, specifications, and estimates for each proposed highway project, special rules relating to resurfacing, restoring, and rehabilitating projects on National Highway System, to low-cost National Highway System projects, and to non-National Highway System projects, limitation on estimates for construction engineering, and provisions relating to value engineering or other cost reduction analysis.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(a)(3), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(c), added subsec. (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows:

"(f) Life-Cycle Cost Analysis.—

"(1) Establishment.—The Secretary shall establish a program to require States to conduct an analysis of the life-cycle costs of each usable project segment on the National Highway System with a cost of $25,000,000 or more.

"(2) Analysis of the life-cycle costs defined.—In this subsection, the term 'analysis of the life-cycle costs' means a process for evaluating the total economic worth of a usable project segment by analyzing initial costs and discounted future costs, such as maintenance, reconstruction, rehabilitation, restoring, and resurfacing costs, over the life of the project segment."

Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(b), added subsec. (h).

1995—Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 104–59 added subsecs. (e) and (f).

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1016(b)(1), inserted "this section and" before "section 117".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §1016(b)(2), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "In addition to the approval required under subsection (a) of this section, proposed specifications for projects for construction on (1) the Federal-aid secondary system, except in States where all public roads and highways are under the control and supervision of the State highway department, and (2) the Federal-aid urban system, shall be determined by the State highway department and the appropriate local road officials in cooperation with each other."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §1018(a), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: "Items included in any such estimate for construction engineering shall not exceed 15 percent of the total estimated cost of a project financed with Federal-aid highway funds, after excluding from such total estimate cost, the estimated costs of rights-of-way, preliminary engineering, and construction engineering."

1987—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–17 substituted "15 percent" for "10 per centum" and struck out at end "However, this limitation shall be 15 per centum in any State with respect to which the Secretary finds such higher limitation to be necessary."

1976—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–280 substituted "Federal-aid highway funds" for "Federal-aid primary, secondary, or urban funds" and "such total estimate cost" for "such total estimated cost" and struck out 10 per centum limitation for any project financed with interstate funds.

1970—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(e), inserted reference to the Federal-aid urban system.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–605, §142, added subsec. (d).

1963—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–157 substituted "a project financed with Federal-aid primary, secondary, or urban funds" for "the project" and provided for limitation, on items included in estimates for construction engineering on projects financed with Federal-aid primary, secondary, or urban funds, of 15 percent of total estimated cost of the project where found by the Secretary to be necessary and for 10-percent limitation on projects financed with interstate funds.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, except as otherwise provided, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendment by section 11508(d)(1) of Pub. L. 117–58 only applicable to a public-private partnership agreement entered into on or after Nov. 15, 2021, see section 11508(e) of Pub. L. 117–58, set out in a Requirements for Transportation Projects Carried Out Through Public-Private Partnerships note below.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Improved Federal-State Stewardship and Oversight Agreements

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11307(a)–(e), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 532–534, provided that:

"(a) Definition of Template.—In this section, the term 'template' means a template created by the Secretary [of Transportation] for Federal-State stewardship and oversight agreements that—

"(1) includes all standard terms found in stewardship and oversight agreements, including any terms in an attachment to the agreement;

"(2) is developed in accordance with section 106 of title 23, United States Code, or any other applicable authority; and

"(3) may be developed with consideration of relevant regulations, guidance, or policies.

"(b) Request for Comment.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 2021], the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register the template and a notice requesting public comment on ways to improve the template.

"(2) Comment period.—The Secretary shall provide a period of not less than 60 days for public comment on the notice under paragraph (1).

"(3) Certain issues.—The notice under paragraph (1) shall allow comment on any aspect of the template and shall specifically request public comment on—

"(A) whether the template should be revised to delete standard terms requiring approval by the Secretary of the policies, procedures, processes, or manuals of the States, or other State actions, if Federal law (including regulations) does not specifically require an approval;

"(B) opportunities to modify the template to allow adjustments to the review schedules for State practices or actions, including through risk-based approaches, program reviews, process reviews, or other means; and

"(C) any other matters that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

"(c) Notice of Action; Updates.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, after considering the comments received in response to the Federal Register notice under subsection (b), the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a notice that—

"(A) describes any proposed changes to be made, and any alternatives to such changes, to the template;

"(B) addresses comments in response to which changes were not made to the template; and

"(C) prescribes a schedule and a plan to execute a process for implementing the changes referred to in subparagraph (A).

"(2) Approval requirements.—In addressing comments under paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary shall include an explanation of the basis for retaining any requirement for approval of State policies, procedures, processes, or manuals, or other State actions, if Federal law (including regulations) does not specifically require the approval.

"(3) Implementation.—

"(A) In general.—Not later than 60 days after the date on which the notice under paragraph (1) is published, the Secretary shall make changes to the template in accordance with—

"(i) the changes described in the notice under paragraph (1)(A); and

"(ii) the schedule and plan described in the notice under paragraph (1)(C).

"(B) Updates.—Not later than 1 year after the date on which the revised template under subparagraph (A) is published, the Secretary shall update existing agreements with States according to the template updated under subparagraph (A).

"(d) Inclusion of Non-standard Terms.—Nothing in this section precludes the inclusion in a Federal-State stewardship and oversight agreement of non-standard terms to address a State-specific matter, including risk-based stewardship and Department [of Transportation] oversight involvement in individual projects of division interest.

"(e) Compliance With Non-statutory Terms.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary shall not enforce or otherwise require a State to comply with approval requirements that are not required by Federal law (including regulations) in a Federal-State stewardship and oversight agreement.

"(2) Approval authority.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall not assert approval authority over any matter in a Federal-State stewardship and oversight agreement reserved to States."

Requirements for Transportation Projects Carried Out Through Public-Private Partnerships

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11508, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 587, provided that:

"(a) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Project.—The term 'project' means a project (as defined in section 101 of title 23, United States Code) that—

"(A) is carried out, in whole or in part, using Federal financial assistance; and

"(B) has an estimated total cost of $100,000,000 or more.

"(2) Public-private partnership.—The term 'public-private partnership' means an agreement between a public agency and a private entity to finance, build, and maintain or operate a project.

"(b) Requirements for Projects Carried Out Through Public-private Partnerships.—With respect to a public-private partnership, as a condition of receiving Federal financial assistance for a project, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall require the public partner, not later than 3 years after the date of opening of the project to traffic—

"(1) to conduct a review of the project, including a review of the compliance of the private partner with the terms of the public-private partnership agreement;

"(2)(A) to certify to the Secretary that the private partner of the public-private partnership is meeting the terms of the public-private partnership agreement for the project; or

"(B) to notify the Secretary that the private partner of the public-private partnership has not met 1 or more of the terms of the public-private partnership agreement for the project, including a brief description of each violation of the public-private partnership agreement; and

"(3) to make publicly available the certification or notification, as applicable, under paragraph (2) in a form that does not disclose any proprietary or confidential business information.

"(c) Notification.—If the Secretary provides Federal financial assistance to a project carried out through a public-private partnership, not later than 30 days after the date on which the Federal financial assistance is first obligated, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a notification of the Federal financial assistance made available for the project.

"(d) Value for Money Analysis.—

"(1) Project approval and oversight.—[Amended this section.]

"(2) Surface transportation block grant program.—[Amended section 133 of this title.]

"(3) TIFIA.—[Amended section 602 of this title.]

"(e) Applicability.—This section and the amendments made by this section shall only apply to a public-private partnership agreement entered into on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 2021]."

Assumption of Authorities

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1316, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1403, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall use the authority under section 106(c) of title 23, United States Code, to the maximum extent practicable, to allow a State to assume the responsibilities of the Secretary for project design, plans, specifications, estimates, contract awards, and inspection of projects, on both a project-specific and programmatic basis.

"(b) Submission of Recommendations.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015], the Secretary, in cooperation with the States, shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate recommendations for legislation to permit the assumption of additional authorities by States, including with respect to real estate acquisition and project design."

Consolidation of Grants

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1527, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 581, provided that:

"(a) Definitions.—In this section, the term 'recipient' means—

"(1) a State, local, or tribal government, including—

"(A) a territory of the United States;

"(B) a transit agency;

"(C) a port authority;

"(D) a metropolitan planning organization; or

"(E) any other political subdivision of a State or local government;

"(2) a multistate or multijurisdictional group, if each member of the group is an entity described in paragraph (1); and

"(3) a public-private partnership, if both parties are engaged in building the project.

"(b) Consolidation.—

"(1) In general.—A recipient that receives multiple grant awards from the Department [of Transportation] to support 1 multimodal project may request that the Secretary [of Transportation] designate 1 modal administration in the Department to be the lead administering authority for the overall project.

"(2) New starts.—Any project that includes funds awarded under section 5309 of title 49, United States Code, shall be exempt from consolidation under this section unless the grant recipient requests the Federal Transit Administration to be the lead administering authority.

"(3) Review.—

"(A) In general.—Not later than 30 days after the date on which a request under paragraph (1) is made, the Secretary shall review the request and approve or deny the designation of a single modal administration as the lead administering authority and point of contact for the Department.

"(B) Notification.—

"(i) In general.—The Secretary shall notify the requestor of the decision of the Secretary under subparagraph (A) in such form and at such time as the Secretary and the requestor agree.

"(ii) Denial.—If a request is denied, the Secretary shall provide the requestor with a detailed explanation of the reasoning of the Secretary with the notification under clause (i).

"(c) Duties.—

"(1) In general.—A modal administration designated as a lead administering authority under this section shall—

"(A) be responsible for leading and coordinating the integrated project management team, which shall consist of all of the other modal administrations in the Department [of Transportation] relating to the multimodal project; and

"(B) to the extent feasible during the first 30 days of carrying out the multimodal project, identify overlapping or duplicative regulatory requirements that exist for the project and propose a single, streamlined approach to meeting all of the applicable regulatory requirements through the activities described in subsection (d).

"(2) Administration.—

"(A) In general.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall transfer all amounts that have been awarded for the multimodal project to the modal administration designated as the lead administering authority.

"(B) Option.—

"(i) In general.—Participation under this section shall be optional for recipients, and no recipient shall be required to participate.

"(ii) Secretarial duties.—The Secretary is not required to identify every recipient that may be eligible to participate under this section.

"(d) Cooperation.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary [of Transportation] and modal administrations with relevant jurisdiction over a multimodal project should cooperate on project review and delivery activities at the earliest practicable time.

"(2) Purposes.—The purposes of the cooperation under paragraph (1) are—

"(A) to avoid delays and duplication of effort later in the process;

"(B) to prevent potential conflicts; and

"(C) to ensure that planning and project development decisions are made in a streamlined manner and consistent with applicable law.

"(e) Applicability.—Nothing in this section shall—

"(1) supersede, amend, or modify the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) or any other Federal environmental law; or

"(2) affect the responsibility of any Federal officer to comply with or enforce any law described in paragraph (1)."

Study of Value Engineering

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1091, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2024, required the Secretary to study the effectiveness and benefits of value engineering review programs applied to Federal-aid highway projects and to report to Congress, no later than 1 year after Dec. 18, 1991, on the results of the study, including recommendations on how value engineering could be utilized and improved in Federal-aid highway projects.

Modification of Project Agreements To Effectuate Requirement of Four-Lanes of Traffic

Pub. L. 89–574, §5(b), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 767, as amended by Pub. L. 97–449, §2(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, authorized Secretary to modify project agreements entered into prior to Sept. 13, 1966, pursuant to section 106 of this title for purpose of effectuating amendment made by this section (amending section 109(b) of this title to add a requirement of four lanes of traffic) with respect to as much of National System of Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways] as may be possible.

§107. Acquisition of rights-of-way—Interstate System

(a) In any case in which the Secretary is requested by a State to acquire lands or interests in lands (including within the term "interests in lands", the control of access thereto from adjoining lands) required by such State for right-of-way or other purposes in connection with the prosecution of any project for the construction, reconstruction, or improvement of any section of the Interstate System, the Secretary is authorized, in the name of the United States and prior to the approval of title by the Attorney General, to acquire, enter upon, and take possession of such lands or interests in lands by purchase, donation, condemnation, or otherwise in accordance with the laws of the United States (including sections 3114 to 3116 and 3118 of title 40), if—

(1) the Secretary has determined either that the State is unable to acquire necessary lands or interests in lands, or is unable to acquire such lands or interests in lands with sufficient promptness; and

(2) the State has agreed with the Secretary to pay, at such time as may be specified by the Secretary an amount equal to 10 per centum of the costs incurred by the Secretary, in acquiring such lands or interests in lands, or such lesser percentage which represents the State's pro rata share of project costs as determined in accordance with subsection (c) ¹ of section 120 of this title.

The authority granted by this section shall also apply to lands and interests in lands received as grants of land from the United States and owned or held by railroads or other corporations.

(b) The costs incurred by the Secretary in acquiring any such lands or interests in lands may include the cost of examination and abstract of title, certificate of title, advertising, and any fees incidental to such acquisition. All costs incurred by the Secretary in connection with the acquisition of any such lands or interests in lands shall be paid from the funds for construction, reconstruction, or improvement of the Interstate System apportioned to the State upon the request of which such lands or interests in lands are acquired, and any sums paid to the Secretary by such State as its share of the costs of acquisition of such lands or interests in lands shall be deposited in the Treasury to the credit of the appropriation for Federal-aid highways and shall be credited to the amount apportioned to such State as its apportionment of funds for construction, reconstruction, or improvement of the Interstate System, or shall be deducted from other moneys due the State for reimbursement from funds authorized to be appropriated under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956.

(c) The Secretary is further authorized and directed by proper deed, executed in the name of the United States, to convey any such lands or interests in lands acquired in any State under the provisions of this section, except the outside five feet of any such right-of-way in any State which does not provide control of access, to the State transportation department of such State or such political subdivision thereof as its laws may provide, upon such terms and conditions as to such lands or interests in lands as may be agreed upon by the Secretary and the State transportation department or political subdivisions to which the conveyance is to be made. Whenever the State makes provision for control of access satisfactory to the Secretary, the outside five feet then shall be conveyed to the State by the Secretary, as herein provided.

(d) Whenever rights-of-way, including control of access, on the Interstate System are required over lands or interests in lands owned by the United States, the Secretary may make such arrangements with the agency having jurisdiction over such lands as may be necessary to give the State or other person constructing the projects on such lands adequate rights-of-way and control of access thereto from adjoining lands, and any such agency is directed to cooperate with the Secretary in this connection.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 892; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193; Pub. L. 109–284, §3(1), Sept. 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 1211.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Subsection (c) of section 120 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), was struck out and a new subsec. (c) was added by Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1021(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1950.

The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, referred to in subsec. (b), is act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, 70 Stat. 374. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. Section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 is set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–284 substituted "sections 3114 to 3116 and 3118 of title 40" for "the Act of February 26, 1931, 46 Stat. 1421".

1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178 substituted "State transportation department" for "State highway department" in two places.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§108. Advance acquisition of real property

(a) In General.—

(1) Availability of funds.—For the purpose of facilitating the timely and economical acquisition of real property interests for a transportation improvement eligible for funding under this title, the Secretary, upon the request of a State, may make available, for the acquisition of real property interests, such funds apportioned to the State as may be expended on the transportation improvement, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary may issue.

(2) Construction.—The agreement between the Secretary and the State for the reimbursement of the cost of the real property interests shall provide for the actual construction of the transportation improvement within a period not to exceed 20 years following the fiscal year for which the request is made, unless the Secretary determines that a longer period is reasonable.

(b) Federal participation in the cost of real property interests acquired under subsection (a) of this section shall not exceed the Federal pro rata share applicable to the class of funds from which Federal reimbursement is made.

(c) State-funded Early Acquisition of Real Property Interests.—

(1) In general.—A State may carry out, at the expense of the State, acquisitions of interests in real property for a project before completion of the review process required for the project under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) without affecting subsequent approvals required for the project by the State or any Federal agency.

(2) Eligibility for reimbursement.—Subject to paragraph (3), funds apportioned to a State under this title may be used to participate in the payment of—

(A) costs incurred by the State for acquisition of real property interests, acquired in advance of any Federal approval or authorization, if the real property interests are subsequently incorporated into a project eligible for surface transportation block grant program funds; and

(B) costs incurred by the State for the acquisition of land necessary to preserve environmental and scenic values.

(3) Terms and conditions.—The Federal share payable of the costs described in paragraph (2) shall be eligible for reimbursement out of funds apportioned to a State under this title when the real property interests acquired are incorporated into a project eligible for surface transportation block grant program funds, if the State demonstrates to the Secretary and the Secretary finds that—

(A) any land acquired, and relocation assistance provided, complied with the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970;

(B) the requirements of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 have been complied with;

(C) the State has a mandatory comprehensive and coordinated land use, environment, and transportation planning process under State law and the acquisition is certified by the Governor as consistent with the State plans before the acquisition;

(D) the acquisition is determined in advance by the Governor to be consistent with the State transportation planning process pursuant to section 135 of this title;

(E) the alternative for which the real property interest is acquired is selected by the State pursuant to regulations to be issued by the Secretary which provide for the consideration of the environmental impacts of various alternatives;

(F) before the time that the cost incurred by a State is approved for Federal participation, environmental compliance pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) has been completed for the project for which the real property interest was acquired by the State, and the acquisition has been approved by the Secretary under this title, and in compliance with section 303 of title 49, section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, and all other applicable environmental laws shall be identified by the Secretary in regulations; and

(G) before the time that the cost incurred by a State is approved for Federal participation, the Secretary has determined that the property acquired in advance of Federal approval or authorization did not influence the environmental assessment of the project, the decision relative to the need to construct the project, or the selection of the project design or location.

(d) Federally Funded Early Acquisition of Real Property Interests.—

(1) Definition of acquisition of a real property interest.—In this subsection, the term "acquisition of a real property interest" includes the acquisition of—

(A) any interest in land;

(B) a contractual right to acquire any interest in land; or

(C) any other similar action to acquire or preserve rights-of-way for a transportation facility.

(2) Authorization.—The Secretary may authorize the use of funds apportioned to a State under this title for the acquisition of a real property interest by a State.

(3) State certification.—A State requesting Federal funding for an acquisition of a real property interest shall certify in writing, with concurrence by the Secretary, that—

(A) the State has authority to acquire the real property interest under State law; and

(B) the acquisition of the real property interest—

(i) is for a transportation purpose;

(ii) will not cause any significant adverse environmental impact;

(iii) will not limit the choice of reasonable alternatives for the project or otherwise influence the decision of the Secretary on any approval required for the project;

(iv) does not prevent the lead agency from making an impartial decision as to whether to accept an alternative that is being considered in the environmental review process;

(v) is consistent with the State transportation planning process under section 135;

(vi) complies with other applicable Federal laws (including regulations);

(vii) will be acquired through negotiation, without the threat of condemnation; and

(viii) will not result in a reduction or elimination of benefits or assistance to a displaced person required by the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.) and title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.).

(4) Environmental compliance.—

(A) In general.—Before authorizing Federal funding for an acquisition of a real property interest, the Secretary shall complete the review process under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with respect to the acquisition of the real property interest.

(B) Independent utility.—The acquisition of a real property interest—

(i) shall be treated as having independent utility for purposes of the review process under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and

(ii) shall not limit consideration of alternatives for future transportation improvements with respect to the real property interest.

(5) Programming.—

(A) In general.—The acquisition of a real property interest for which Federal funding is requested shall be included as a project in an applicable transportation improvement program under sections 134 and 135 and sections 5303 and 5304 of title 49.

(B) Acquisition project.—The acquisition project may consist of the acquisition of a specific parcel, a portion of a transportation corridor, or an entire transportation corridor.

(6) Development.—Real property interests acquired under this subsection may not be developed in anticipation of a project until all required environmental reviews for the project have been completed.

(7) Reimbursement.—If Federal-aid reimbursement is made for real property interests acquired early under this section and the real property interests are not subsequently incorporated into a project eligible for surface transportation funds within the time allowed by subsection (a)(2), the Secretary shall offset the amount reimbursed against funds apportioned to the State.

(8) Other requirements and conditions.—

(A) Applicable law.—The acquisition of a real property interest shall be carried out in compliance with all requirements applicable to the acquisition of real property interests for federally funded transportation projects.

(B) Additional conditions.—The Secretary may establish such other conditions or restrictions on acquisitions under this subsection as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 893; Pub. L. 86–35, §1, May 29, 1959, 73 Stat. 62; Pub. L. 90–495, §7(a), (b), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 818; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §113, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §115, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1017(a), (b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1947; Pub. L. 102–388, title III, §346, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1553; Pub. L. 103–429, §3(2), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4377; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1211(e)(1), 1301(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 188, 225; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1302, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 528; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1109(c)(5), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1343; Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11525(c), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 607.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsecs. (c)(1), (3)(F) and (d)(4)(A), (B)(i), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, referred to in subsecs. (c)(3)(A) and (d)(3)(B)(viii), is act Jan. 2, 1971, Pub. L. 91–646, 84 Stat. 1894, and which is classified principally to chapter 61 (§4601 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4601 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsecs. (c)(3)(B) and (d)(3)(B)(viii), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(3)(F), probably means section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, which is classified to section 1536 of Title 16, Conservation.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (c)(3)(F). Pub. L. 117–58 inserted "of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)" after "Policy Act" and substituted "this title" for "this Act".

2015—Subsec. (c)(2)(A), (3). Pub. L. 114–94 substituted "surface transportation block grant program" for "surface transportation program" in par. (2)(A) and in introductory provisions of par. (3).

2012—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–141, §1302(a)(1), substituted "real property interests" for "real property" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–141, §1302(a)(3), substituted "real property interests" for "rights-of-way".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–141, §1302(b)(1), substituted "State-funded Early Acquisition of Real Property Interests" for "Early Acquisition of Rights-of-Way" in heading.

Pub. L. 112–141, §1302(a)(2), (3), substituted "real property interest" for "right-of-way" and "real property interests" for "rights-of-way" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c)(1) to (3). Pub. L. 112–141, §1302(b)(2)–(5)(A), added par. (1) and redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as (2) and (3), respectively; in par. (2), substituted "Eligibility for reimbursement" for "General rule" in heading and "Subject to paragraph (3)" for "Subject to paragraph (2)" in introductory provisions; and, in par. (3), substituted "in paragraph (2)" for "in paragraph (1)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(3)(G). Pub. L. 112–141, §1302(b)(5)(B), substituted "the Secretary has determined" for "both the Secretary and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency have concurred".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 112–141, §1302(c), added subsec. (d).

1998—Pub. L. 105–178, §1301(a), substituted "Advance acquisition of real property" for "Advance acquisition of rights-of-way" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1301(a), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: "For the purpose of facilitating the acquisition of rights-of-way on any Federal-aid highway in the most expeditious and economical manner, and recognizing that the acquisition of rights-of-way requires lengthy planning and negotiations if it is to be done at a reasonable cost, the Secretary, upon the request of the State highway department, is authorized to make available the funds apportioned to any State which may be expended on such highway for acquisition of rights-of-way, in anticipation of construction and under such rules and regulations as the Secretary may prescribe. The agreement between the Secretary and the State highway department for the reimbursement of the cost of such rights-of-way shall provide for the actual construction of a road on such rights-of-way within a period not exceeding 20 years following the fiscal year in which such request is made unless a longer period is determined to be reasonable by the Secretary."

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1211(e)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to establishment and administration of right-of-way revolving fund.

1994—Subsec. (d)(2)(F). Pub. L. 103–429 substituted "section 303 of title 49" for "section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act".

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–388, §346(1), (2), substituted "Federal-aid highway" for "of the Federal-aid highway systems, including the Interstate System," and "which may be expended on such highway" for "for expenditure on any of the Federal-aid highway systems, including the Interstate System,".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 102–388, §346(3), inserted "and passenger transit facilities".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102–388, §346(5), which directed the substitution of "of the type funded" for "on the federal-aid system of which such project is to be part," was executed by making the substitution for "on the Federal-aid system of which such project is to be a part," to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 102–388, §346(4), substituted "project" for "highway" after "construction of a" in first and second sentences.

1991—Subsecs. (a), (c)(3). Pub. L. 102–240, §1017(a), substituted "20" for "ten".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §1017(b), added subsec. (d).

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–280, §115(b), inserted "unless a longer period is determined to be reasonable by the Secretary" after "request is made" in last sentence.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 94–280, §115(a), struck out "made pursuant to section 133 or chapter 5 of this title" after "relocation payments" in last sentence.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 94–280, §115(c), inserted "or later" after "earlier" in first sentence.

1973—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87, §113(a), substituted "ten" for "seven" years in last sentence.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 93–87, §113(b), substituted "ten" for "seven" years in first sentence.

1968—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–495, §7(a), substituted "subsection (a) of this section" for "this section".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–495, §7(b), added subsec. (c).

1959—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–35 increased from five to seven years the period in which actual construction shall commence on rights-of-way acquired in anticipation of such construction.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Transition Provisions

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1211(e)(2), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 188, provided that:

"(A) In general.—Funds advanced to a State by the Secretary from the right-of-way revolving fund established by section 108(c) of title 23, United States Code, prior to the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998] shall remain available to the State for use on the projects for which the funds were advanced for a period of 20 years from the date on which the funds were advanced.

"(B) Credit to highway trust fund.—With respect to a project for which funds have been advanced from the right-of-way revolving fund, upon the termination of the 20-year period referred to in subparagraph (A), when actual construction is commenced, or upon approval by the Secretary of the plans, specifications, and estimates for the actual construction of the project on the right-of-way, whichever occurs first—

"(i) the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) shall be credited with an amount equal to the Federal share of the funds advanced, as provided in section 120 of title 23, United States Code, out of any Federal-aid highway funds apportioned to the State in which the project is located and available for obligation for projects of the type funded; and

"(ii) the State shall reimburse the Secretary in an amount equal to the non-Federal share of the funds advanced for deposit in, and credit to, the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account)."

Preservation of Transportation Corridors Report

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1017(c), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1948, provided that: "The Secretary, in consultation with the States, shall report to Congress within 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], a national list of the rights-of-way identified by the metropolitan planning organizations and the States (under sections 134 and 135 of title 23, United States Code), including the total mileage involved, an estimate of the total costs, and a strategy for preventing further loss of rights-of-way including the desirability of creating a transportation right-of-way land bank to preserve vital corridors."

Authorization of Appropriations to Right-of-Way Revolving Fund; Apportionment; Reversion of Amounts Not Advanced or Obligated

Pub. L. 90–495, §7(c)–(e), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 819, provided that $100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, $100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, and $100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, be transferred from the highway trust fund to the right-of-way revolving fund established by subsec. (c) of this section, authorized the Secretary to apportion these funds and required that funds apportioned to a State remain available for obligation for advances until Oct. 1 of the fiscal year in which the apportionment was made and any funds not advanced or obligated by such date revert to the right-of-way revolving fund for distribution to other States.

Study of Advance Acquisition of Rights-of-Way

Pub. L. 89–574, §10, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 769, as amended by Pub. L. 97–449, §2(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, directed the Secretary to make a full and complete investigation and study of the advance acquisition of rights-of-way for future construction of highways on the Federal-aid highway systems, with particular reference to the provision of adequate time for the removal and disposal of improvements located on rights-of-way and the relocation of affected individuals, businesses, institutions, and organizations, the tax status of such property after acquisition and before its use for highway purposes, and the methods for financing advance right-of-way acquisition by both the State governments and the Federal Government, including the possible creation of revolving funds for such purpose. The Secretary was required to submit a report of results of such study to Congress not later than July 1, 1967, together with his recommendations.

Increased Limitation Period Applicable to Certain Contracts

Pub. L. 86–35, §2, May 29, 1959, 73 Stat. 63, provided that agreements entered into before May 29, 1959 by the Secretary of Commerce and a State highway department under authority of section 110(a) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, or section 108(a) of title 23 of the United States Code shall be deemed to provide for actual construction of a road on such rights-of-way within a period of seven years following the fiscal year in which such request was made.

§109. Standards

(a) In General.—The Secretary shall ensure that the plans and specifications for each proposed highway project under this chapter provide for a facility that will—

(1) adequately serve the existing and planned future traffic of the highway in a manner that is conducive to safety, durability, and economy of maintenance; and

(2) be designed and constructed in accordance with criteria best suited to accomplish the objectives described in paragraph (1) and to conform to the particular needs of each locality.

(b) The geometric and construction standards to be adopted for the Interstate System shall be those approved by the Secretary in cooperation with the State transportation departments. Such standards, as applied to each actual construction project, shall be adequate to enable such project to accommodate the types and volumes of traffic anticipated for such project for the twenty-year period commencing on the date of approval by the Secretary, under section 106 of this title, of the plans, specifications, and estimates for actual construction of such project. Such standards shall in all cases provide for at least four lanes of traffic. The right-of-way width of the Interstate System shall be adequate to permit construction of projects on the Interstate System to such standards. The Secretary shall apply such standards uniformly throughout all the States.

(c) Design Criteria for National Highway System.—

(1) In general.—A design for new construction, reconstruction, resurfacing (except for maintenance resurfacing), restoration, or rehabilitation of a highway on the National Highway System (other than a highway also on the Interstate System) shall consider, in addition to the criteria described in subsection (a)—

(A) the constructed and natural environment of the area;

(B) the environmental, scenic, aesthetic, historic, community, and preservation impacts of the activity;

(C) cost savings by utilizing flexibility that exists in current design guidance and regulations; and

(D) access for other modes of transportation.

(2) Development of criteria.—The Secretary, in cooperation with State transportation departments, may develop criteria to implement paragraph (1). In developing criteria under this paragraph, the Secretary shall consider—

(A) the results of the committee process of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials as used in adopting and publishing "A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets", including comments submitted by interested parties as part of such process;

(B) the publication entitled "Flexibility in Highway Design" of the Federal Highway Administration;

(C) "Eight Characteristics of Process to Yield Excellence and the Seven Qualities of Excellence in Transportation Design" developed by the conference held during 1998 entitled "Thinking Beyond the Pavement National Workshop on Integrating Highway Development with Communities and the Environment while Maintaining Safety and Performance";

(D) the publication entitled "Highway Safety Manual" of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials;

(E) the publication entitled "Urban Street Design Guide" of the National Association of City Transportation Officials;

(F) the publication of the Federal Highway Administration entitled "Wildlife Crossing Structure Handbook: Design and Evaluation in North America" and dated March 2011; and

(G) any other material that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(d) Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.—

(1) In general.—On any highway project in which Federal funds hereafter participate, or on any such project constructed since December 20, 1944, the location, form and character of informational, regulatory and warning signs, curb and pavement or other markings, and traffic signals installed or placed by any public authority or other agency, shall be subject to the approval of the State transportation department with the concurrence of the Secretary, who is directed to concur only in such installations as will promote the safety, inclusion, and mobility of all users and efficient utilization of the highways.

(2) Updates.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021 and not less frequently than every 4 years thereafter, the Secretary shall update the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

(e) Installation of Safety Devices.—

(1) Highway and railroad grade crossings and drawbridges.—No funds shall be approved for expenditure on any Federal-aid highway, or highway affected under chapter 2 of this title, unless proper safety protective devices complying with safety standards determined by the Secretary at that time as being adequate shall be installed or be in operation at any highway and railroad grade crossing or drawbridge on that portion of the highway with respect to which such expenditures are to be made.

(2) Temporary traffic control devices.—No funds shall be approved for expenditure on any Federal-aid highway, or highway affected under chapter 2, unless proper temporary traffic control devices to improve safety in work zones will be installed and maintained during construction, utility, and maintenance operations on that portion of the highway with respect to which such expenditures are to be made. Installation and maintenance of the devices shall be in accordance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.

(f) The Secretary shall not, as a condition precedent to his approval under section 106 of this title, require any State to acquire title to, or control of, any marginal land along the proposed highway in addition to that reasonably necessary for road surfaces, median strips, bikeways, pedestrian walkways, gutters, ditches, and side slopes, and of sufficient width to provide service roads for adjacent property to permit safe access at controlled locations in order to expedite traffic, promote safety, and minimize roadside parking.

(g) Not later than January 30, 1971, the Secretary shall issue guidelines for minimizing possible soil erosion from highway construction. Such guidelines shall apply to all proposed projects with respect to which plans, specifications, and estimates are approved by the Secretary after the issuance of such guidelines.

(h) Not later than July 1, 1972, the Secretary, after consultation with appropriate Federal and State officials, shall submit to Congress, and not later than 90 days after such submission, promulgate guidelines designed to assure that possible adverse economic, social, and environmental effects relating to any proposed project on any Federal-aid system have been fully considered in developing such project, and that the final decisions on the project are made in the best overall public interest, taking into consideration the need for fast, safe and efficient transportation, public services, and the costs of eliminating or minimizing such adverse effects and the following:

(1) air, noise, and water pollution;

(2) destruction or disruption of man-made and natural resources, aesthetic values, community cohesion and the availability of public facilities and services;

(3) adverse employment effects, and tax and property value losses;

(4) injurious displacement of people, businesses and farms; and

(5) disruption of desirable community and regional growth.

Such guidelines shall apply to all proposed projects with respect to which plans, specifications, and estimates are approved by the Secretary after the issuance of such guidelines.

(i) The Secretary, after consultation with appropriate Federal, State, and local officials, shall develop and promulgate standards for highway noise levels compatible with different land uses and after July 1, 1972, shall not approve plans and specifications for any proposed project on any Federal-aid system for which location approval has not yet been secured unless he determines that such plans and specifications include adequate measures to implement the appropriate noise level standards. The Secretary, after consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and appropriate Federal, State, and local officials, may promulgate standards for the control of highway noise levels for highways on any Federal-aid system for which project approval has been secured prior to July 1, 1972. The Secretary may approve any project on a Federal-aid system to which noise-level standards are made applicable under the preceding sentence for the purpose of carrying out such standards. Such project may include, but is not limited to, the acquisition of additional rights-of-way, the construction of physical barriers, and landscaping. Sums apportioned for the Federal-aid system on which such project will be located shall be available to finance the Federal share of such project. Such project shall be deemed a highway project for all purposes of this title.

(j) The Secretary, after consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall develop and promulgate guidelines to assure that highways constructed pursuant to this title are consistent with any approved plan for—

(1) the implementation of a national ambient air quality standard for each pollutant for which an area is designated as a nonattainment area under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d)); or

(2) the maintenance of a national ambient air quality standard in an area that was designated as a nonattainment area but that was later redesignated by the Administrator as an attainment area for the standard and that is required to develop a maintenance plan under section 175A of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7505a).

(k) The Secretary shall not approve any project involving approaches to a bridge under this title, if such project and bridge will significantly affect the traffic volume and the highway system of a contiguous State without first taking into full consideration the views of that State.

(l)(1) In determining whether any right-of-way on any Federal-aid highway should be used for accommodating any utility facility, the Secretary shall—

(A) first ascertain the effect such use will have on highway and traffic safety, since in no case shall any use be authorized or otherwise permitted, under this or any other provision of law, which would adversely affect safety;

(B) evaluate the direct and indirect environmental and economic effects of any loss of productive agricultural land or any impairment of the productivity of any agricultural land which would result from the disapproval of the use of such right-of-way for the accommodation of such utility facility; and

(C) consider such environmental and economic effects together with any interference with or impairment of the use of the highway in such right-of-way which would result from the use of such right-of-way for the accommodation of such utility facility.

(2) For the purpose of this subsection—

(A) the term "utility facility" means any privately, publicly, or cooperatively owned line, facility, or system for producing, transmitting, or distributing communications, power, electricity, light, heat, gas, oil, crude products, water, steam, waste, storm water not connected with highway drainage, or any other similar commodity, including any fire or police signal system or street lighting system, which directly or indirectly serves the public; and

(B) the term "right-of-way" means any real property, or interest therein, acquired, dedicated, or reserved for the construction, operation, and maintenance of a highway.

(m) Protection of Nonmotorized Transportation Traffic.—The Secretary shall not approve any project or take any regulatory action under this title that will result in the severance of an existing major route or have significant adverse impact on the safety for nonmotorized transportation traffic and light motorcycles, unless such project or regulatory action provides for a reasonable alternate route or such a route exists.

(n) It is the intent of Congress that any project for resurfacing, restoring, or rehabilitating any highway, other than a highway access to which is fully controlled, in which Federal funds participate shall be constructed in accordance with standards to preserve and extend the service life of highways and enhance highway safety.

(o) Compliance With State Laws for Non-NHS Projects.—

(A) ¹ In general.—Projects (other than highway projects on the National Highway System) shall be designed, constructed, operated, and maintained in accordance with State laws, regulations, directives, safety standards, design standards, and construction standards.

(B) ¹ Local jurisdictions.—Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), a local jurisdiction may use a roadway design guide recognized by the Federal Highway Administration and adopted by the local jurisdiction that is different from the roadway design guide used by the State in which the local jurisdiction is located for the design of projects on all roadways under the ownership of the local jurisdiction (other than a highway on the National Highway System) for which the local jurisdiction is the project sponsor, provided that the design complies with all other applicable Federal laws.

(p) Scenic and Historic Values.—Notwithstanding subsections (b) and (c), the Secretary may approve a project for the National Highway System if the project is designed to—

(1) allow for the preservation of environmental, scenic, or historic values;

(2) ensure safe use of the facility; and

(3) comply with subsection (a).

(q) Phase Construction.—Safety considerations for a project under this title may be met by phase construction consistent with the operative safety management system established in accordance with a statewide transportation improvement program approved by the Secretary.

(r) Pavement Markings.—The Secretary shall not approve any pavement markings project that includes the use of glass beads containing more than 200 parts per million of arsenic or lead, as determined in accordance with Environmental Protection Agency testing methods 3052, 6010B, or 6010C.

(s) Electric Vehicle Charging Stations.—

(1) Standards.—Electric vehicle charging infrastructure installed using funds provided under this title shall provide, at a minimum—

(A) non-proprietary charging connectors that meet applicable industry safety standards; and

(B) open access to payment methods that are available to all members of the public to ensure secure, convenient, and equal access to the electric vehicle charging infrastructure that shall not be limited by membership to a particular payment provider.

(2) Treatment of projects.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a project to install electric vehicle charging infrastructure using funds provided under this title shall be treated as if the project is located on a Federal-aid highway.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 894; Pub. L. 88–157, §4, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 277; Pub. L. 89–574, §§5(a), 14, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 767, 771; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §136(a), (b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1734; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§114, 152(2), 156, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 257, 276, 277; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §§113, 116(d), 141(f), (g), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2696, 2699, 2711; Pub. L. 96–106, §3, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 797; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §110(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2105; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1016(c)–(f)(1), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1946; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §§304, 305(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 579, 580; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1202(c), 1212(a)(2)(A), 1306, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 169, 193, 229; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1110(a), (c), title VI, §6008, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1170, 1171, 1874; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §§1504, 1519(c)(3), formerly §1519(c)(4), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 564, 575, renumbered §1519(c)(3), Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1446(d)(5)(B), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1438; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1404(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1409; Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §§11123(d), 11129, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 506, 508.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is the date of enactment of div. A of Pub. L. 117–58, which was approved Nov. 15, 2021.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (c)(2)(F), (G). Pub. L. 117–58, §11123(d), added subpar. (F) and redesignated former subpar. (F) as (G).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 117–58, §11129(1), inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted par. heading, substituted "promote the safety, inclusion, and mobility of all users" for "promote the safe", and added par. (2).

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 117–58, §11129(2), designated existing provisions as par. (A), inserted heading, and added par. (B).

Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 117–58, §11129(3), added subsec. (s).

2015—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §1404(a)(1)(A)(i), substituted "shall consider" for "may take into account" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 114–94, §1404(a)(1)(A)(ii)–(iv), added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D).

Subsec. (c)(2)(D) to (F). Pub. L. 114–94, §1404(a)(1)(B), added subpars. (D) and (E) and redesignated former subpar. (D) as (F).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–94, §1404(a)(2), inserted "pedestrian walkways," after "bikeways,".

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 114–94, §1446(d)(5)(B), amended Pub. L. 112–141, §1519(c). See 2012 Amendment note below.

2012—Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 112–141, §1519(c)(3), formerly §1519(c)(4), as renumbered by Pub. L. 114–94, §1446(d)(5)(B), struck out "in accordance with section 303 or" after "system established".

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 112–141, §1504, added subsec. (r).

2005—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §6008, inserted dash after "Secretary shall consider" and subpar. (A) designation before "the results", substituted semicolon for period, and added subpars. (B) to (D).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §1110(a), inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. heading, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §1110(c), substituted "Not later than January 30, 1971, the Secretary shall issue" for "The Secretary shall issue within 30 days after the day of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970".

1998—Subsecs. (b), (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), substituted "State transportation departments" for "State highway departments".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted "State transportation department" for "State highway department".

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 105–178, §1306(a), redesignated subsec. (n) as (m) and struck out former subsec. (m) which read as follows: "The Secretary shall issue guidelines describing the criteria applicable to the Interstate System in order to insure that the condition of these routes is maintained at the level required by the purposes for which they were designed. The initial guidelines shall be issued no later than October 1, 1979."

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 105–178, §1306(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (o) as (n). Former subsec. (n) redesignated (m).

Pub. L. 105–178, §1202(c), inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (n) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall not approve any project under this title that will result in the severance or destruction of an existing major route for nonmotorized transportation traffic and light motorcycles, unless such project provides a reasonably alternate route or such a route exists."

Subsecs. (o) to (q). Pub. L. 105–178, §1306(a)(2), (b), added subsec. (q) and redesignated former subsecs. (p) and (q) as (o) and (p), respectively. Former subsec. (o) redesignated (n).

1995—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–59, §304(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: "The Secretary shall not approve plans and specifications for proposed highway projects under this chapter if they fail to provide for a facility (1) that will adequately meet the existing and probable future traffic needs and conditions in a manner conducive to safety, durability, and economy of maintenance; (2) that will be designed and constructed in accordance with standards best suited to accomplish the foregoing objectives and to conform to the particular needs of each locality."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–59, §304(2), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows:

"(c) Design and Construction Standards for NHS.—Design and construction standards to be adopted for new construction on the National Highway System, for reconstruction on the National Highway System, and for resurfacing, restoring, and rehabilitating multilane limited access highways on the National Highway System shall be those approved by the Secretary in cooperation with the State highway departments. All eligible work for such projects shall meet or exceed such standards."

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104–59, §305(a), substituted "plan for—" and pars. (1) and (2) for "plan for the implementation of any ambient air quality standard for any air quality control region designated pursuant to the Clean Air Act, as amended."

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 104–59, §304(3), added subsec. (q) and struck out former subsec. (q) which read as follows:

"(q) Historic and Scenic Values.—If a proposed project under sections 103(e)(4), 133, or 144 involves a historic facility or is located in an area of historic or scenic value, the Secretary may approve such project notwithstanding the requirements of subsections (a) and (b) of this section and section 133(c) if such project is designed to standards that allow for the preservation of such historic or scenic value and such project is designed with mitigation measures to allow preservation of such value and ensure safe use of the facility."

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1016(f)(1)(A), substituted "highway projects under this chapter" for "projects on any Federal-aid system".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §1016(c), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: "Projects on the Federal-aid secondary system in which Federal funds participate shall be constructed according to specifications that will provide all-weather service and permit maintenance at a reasonable cost."

Subsec. (l)(1). Pub. L. 102–240, §1016(f)(1)(B), substituted "highway" for "system" in introductory provisions.

Subsecs. (p), (q). Pub. L. 102–240, §1016(d), (e), added subsecs. (p) and (q).

1983—Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 97–424 added subsec. (o).

1979—Subsec. (l)(1)(A). Pub. L. 96–106 struck out "any aspect of" after "adversely affect".

1978—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–599, §141(f), inserted "bikeways" after "surfaces, median strips,".

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 95–599, §113, added subsec. (l).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 95–599, §116(d), added subsec. (m).

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 95–599, §141(g), added subsec. (n).

1973—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–87, §152(2), substituted "Act" for "Rct", thus correcting the popular name to read "Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 93–87, §114, authorized promulgation of noise-level standards for highways on any Federal-aid system for which project approval has been secured prior to July 1, 1972, and approval of any project on a Federal-aid system to which noise-level standards are made applicable, described the range of the projects, made money available for financing Federal share of the project, and deemed such project a highway project for all purposes of this title.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 93–87, §156, added subsec. (k).

1970—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 91–605, §136(a), substituted provisions ordering the Secretary to issue within 30 days after Dec. 31, 1970, guidelines, which will apply to all proposed projects approved by the Secretary after their issuance, for minimizing soil erosion from highway construction for provisions authorizing the Secretary to consult with the Secretary of Agriculture respecting guidelines for minimizing soil erosion from highway construction and report such guidelines to Congress not later than July 1, 1967.

Subsecs. (h) to (j). Pub. L. 91–605, §136(b), added subsecs. (h) to (j).

1966—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–574, §5(a), required that in all cases the standards provide for at least four lanes of traffic.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89–574, §14, added subsec. (g).

1963—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–157 substituted "Such standards, as applied to each actual construction project, shall be adequate to enable such project to accommodate the types and volumes of traffic anticipated for such project for the twenty-year period commencing on the date of approval by the Secretary, under section 106 of this title, of the plans, specifications, and estimates for actual construction of such project" for "Such standards shall be adequate to accommodate the types and volumes of traffic forecast for the year 1975", struck out "up" before "to such standards" and inserted "all" in phrase "throughout all the States".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Except as otherwise provided, amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1446(d), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1438, provided that the amendment made by section 1446(d)(5)(B) is effective as of July 6, 2012, and as if included in Pub. L. 112–141 as enacted.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Updates to Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11135, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 516, provided that: "In carrying out the first update to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices under section 109(d)(2) of title 23, United States Code, to the greatest extent practicable, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall include updates necessary to provide for—

"(1) the protection of vulnerable road users (as defined in section 148(a) of title 23, United States Code);

"(2) supporting the safe testing of automated vehicle technology and any preparation necessary for the safe integration of automated vehicles onto public streets;

"(3) appropriate use of variable message signs to enhance public safety;

"(4) the minimum retroreflectivity of traffic control devices and pavement markings; and

"(5) any additional recommendations made by the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices that have not been incorporated into the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices."

Roadside Highway Safety Hardware

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11517, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 601, provided that:

"(a) In General.—To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall develop a process for third party verification of full-scale crash testing results from crash test labs, including a method for formally verifying the testing outcomes and providing for an independent pass/fail determination. In establishing such a process, the Secretary shall seek to ensure the independence of crash test labs by ensuring that those labs have a clear separation between device development and testing in cases in which lab employees test devices that were developed within the parent organization of the employee.

"(b) Continued Issuance of Eligibility Letters.—Until the implementation of the process described in subsection (a) is complete, the Secretary may, and is encouraged to, ensure that the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration continues to issue Federal-aid reimbursement eligibility letters for roadside safety hardware as a service to States.

"(c) Report to Congress.—

"(1) In general.—If the Secretary seeks to discontinue issuing the letters described in subsection (b), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report at least 1 year before discontinuing the letters.

"(2) Inclusions.—The report described in paragraph (1) shall include a summary of the third-party verification process described in subsection (a) that will replace the Federal Highway Administration issuance of eligibility letters and any other relevant information that the Secretary deems necessary."

Stormwater Best Management Practices Reports

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, §11521, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 603, provided that:

"(a) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Administrator.—The term 'Administrator' means the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration.

"(2) Best management practices report.—The term 'best management practices report' means—

"(A) the 2014 report sponsored by the Administrator entitled 'Determining the State of the Practice in Data Collection and Performance Measurement of Stormwater Best Management Practices'; and

"(B) the 1997 report sponsored by the Administrator entitled 'Stormwater Best Management Practices in an Ultra-Urban Setting: Selection and Monitoring'.

"(b) Reissuance.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 2021], the Administrator shall update and reissue each best management practices report to reflect new information and advancements in stormwater management.

"(c) Updates.—Not less frequently than once every 5 years after the date on which the Administrator reissues a best management practices report described in subsection (b), the Administrator shall update and reissue the best management practices report until the earlier of the date on which—

"(1) the best management practices report is withdrawn; or

"(2) the contents of the best management practices report are incorporated (including by reference) into applicable regulations of the Administrator."

Retroactive Application of Adjustment to Criteria for Categorical Exclusion for Projects of Limited Federal Assistance

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1314(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1403, provided that: "The first adjustment made pursuant to the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending section 1317 of Pub. L. 112–141, set out under this section] shall—

"(1) be carried out not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015]; and

"(2) reflect the increase in the Consumer Price Index since July 1, 2012."

Categorical Exclusion Determinations

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1315(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1403, provided that: "Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015], the Secretary [of Transportation] shall revise section 771.117(g) of title 23, Code of Federal Regulations, to allow a programmatic agreement under this section [see section 1318(e) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out under this section] to include responsibility for making categorical exclusion determinations—

"(1) for actions described in subsections (c) and (d) of section 771.117 of title 23, Code of Federal Regulations; and

"(2) that meet the criteria for a categorical exclusion under section 1508.4 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), and are identified in the programmatic agreement."

Roadway Design Standard Flexibility

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1404(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1409, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 109(o) of title 23, United States Code, a State may allow a local jurisdiction to use a roadway design publication that is different from the roadway design publication used by the State in which the local jurisdiction is located for the design of a project on a roadway under the ownership of the local jurisdiction (other than a highway on the Interstate System) if—

"(1) the local jurisdiction is a direct recipient of Federal funds for the project;

"(2) the roadway design publication—

"(A) is recognized by the Federal Highway Administration; and

"(B) is adopted by the local jurisdiction; and

"(3) the design complies with all other applicable Federal laws."

Emergency Exemptions

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1432, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1429, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Any road, highway, railway, bridge, or transit facility that is damaged by an emergency that is declared by the Governor of the State, with the concurrence of the Secretary of Homeland Security, or declared as an emergency by the President pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.), and that is in operation or under construction on the date on which the emergency occurs may be reconstructed in the same location with the same capacity, dimensions, and design as before the emergency subject to the exemptions and expedited procedures under subsection (b).

"(b) Exemptions and Expedited Procedures.—

"(1) Alternative arrangements.—Alternative arrangements for an emergency under section 1506.11 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015]) shall apply to reconstruction under subsection (a), and the reconstruction shall be considered necessary to control the immediate impacts of the emergency.

"(2) Stormwater discharge permits.—A general permit for stormwater discharges from construction activities, if available, issued by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or the director of a State program under section 402(p) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1342(p)), as applicable, shall apply to reconstruction under subsection (a), on submission of a notice of intent to be subject to the permit.

"(3) Emergency procedures.—The emergency procedures for issuing permits in accordance with section 325.2(e)(4) of title 33, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act) shall apply to reconstruction under subsection (a), and the reconstruction shall be considered an emergency under that regulation.

"(4) National historic preservation act exemption.—Reconstruction under subsection (a) is eligible for an exemption from the requirements of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 [Pub. L. 89–665, see Tables for classification] pursuant to part 78 of title 36, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act).

"(5) Endangered species act exemption.—An exemption from the requirements of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) pursuant to section 7(p) of that Act (16 U.S.C. 1536(p)) shall apply to reconstruction under subsection (a) and, if the President makes the determination required under section 7(p) of that Act, the determinations required under subsections (g) and (h) of that section shall be deemed to be made.

"(6) Expedited consultation under endangered species act.—Expedited consultation pursuant to section 402.05 of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act) shall apply to reconstruction under subsection (a).

"(7) Other exemptions.—Any reconstruction that is exempt under paragraph (5) shall also be exempt from requirements under—

"(A) the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703 et seq.);

"(B) the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (16 U.S.C. 1271 et seq.); and

"(C) the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (16 U.S.C. 661 et seq.)."

Safety for Users

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1442, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1436, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall encourage each State and metropolitan planning organization to adopt standards for the design of Federal surface transportation projects that provide for the safe and adequate accommodation (as determined by the State) of all users of the surface transportation network, including motorized and nonmotorized users, in all phases of project planning, development, and operation.

"(b) Report.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015], the Secretary shall make available to the public a report cataloging examples of State law or State transportation policy that provide for the safe and adequate accommodation of all users of the surface transportation network, in all phases of project planning, development, and operation.

"(c) Best Practices.—Based on the report under subsection (b), the Secretary shall identify and disseminate examples of best practices where States have adopted measures that have successfully provided for the safe and adequate accommodation of all users of the surface transportation network in all phases of project planning, development, and operation."

Categorical Exclusions in Emergencies