CHAPTER 36—WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

        

SUBCHAPTER I—COST SHARING

        

SUBCHAPTER II—HARBOR DEVELOPMENT

        

SUBCHAPTER III—INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

        

SUBCHAPTER IV—WATER RESOURCES STUDIES

        

SUBCHAPTER V—GENERAL PROVISIONS

        

§2201. "Secretary" defined

For purposes of this Act, the term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Army.

(Pub. L. 99–662, §2, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082.)

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, as amended, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.

Short Title of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–270, §1(a), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3765, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as 'America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §101, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3768, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Water Resources Development Act of 2018'."

Short Title of 2016 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–322, §1(a), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1628, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act' or the 'WIIN Act'."

Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1001, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1632, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Water Resources Development Act of 2016'."

Short Title of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–121, §1(a), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1193, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014'."

Short Title of 2007 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–114, §1(a), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1041, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Water Resources Development Act of 2007'."

Short Title of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–541, §1(a), Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2572, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Water Resources Development Act of 2000'."

Short Title of 1999 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–53, §1(a), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 269, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Water Resources Development Act of 1999'."

Short Title of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–303, §1(a), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3658, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Water Resources Development Act of 1996'."

Short Title of 1992 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–580, §1(a), Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4797, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 59gg, 426i–1, 569d to 569f, 653, 1271, 2268, and 2325 to 2329 of this title, amending sections 426j, 467f, 467j to 467l, 562, 652, 1342, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1415, 1416, 1420, 1421, 2211, 2213, 2283, and 2309a of this title, section 3036 of Title 10, Armed Forces, sections 460tt, 4702, and 4711 of Title 16, Conservation, and section 1962d–16 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 541, 1271, 2211, 2239, 2267, and 2281 of this title, section 9505 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 390h–4 and 390h–5 of Title 43, Public Lands] may be cited as the 'Water Resources Development Act of 1992'."

Short Title of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–640, §1(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4604, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 59bb and 2316 to 2324 of this title, amending sections 579a, 652, 701n, 709a, 2213, 2215, 2232, 2238, 2281, 2309a, and 2314a of this title, section 460tt of Title 16, Conservation, and section 1962d–16 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sections 579 and 2239 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 426e, 1252, 1268, 2213, 2232, 2239, 2313, and 2317 of this title, and section 1405c of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 2294 and 2314 of this title and section 460d of Title 16] may be cited as the 'Water Resources Development Act of 1990'."

Short Title of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–676, §1(a), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4012, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 59j–1, 59y, 59z, and 2312 to 2315 of this title, amending sections 426j, 701b–12, 1293a, 2211, 2239, 2280, and 2291 of this title and section 1962d–5a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 579a, 988, 2211, 2294, 2300, and 2314 of this title, and section 1962d–5g of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 2294 of this title] may be cited as the 'Water Resources Development Act of 1988'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 99–662, §1(a), Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter and sections 59n–1, 59v, 59w, 403b, 426n, 426o, 467f to 467n, 555a, 579a, 652, 701b–12, 709b, 988a, and 1414a of this title, sections 460tt of Title 16, Conservation, sections 4461, 4462, 9505, and 9506 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 483d of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and sections 1962d–11b and 1962d–20 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 409, 414, 415, 426g, 426i, 426j, 426m, 467, 467b, 555, 557, 603a, 610, 701a–1, 701g, 701n, 701r, 701s, 984, and 1804 of this title, section 3036 of Title 10, Armed Forces, sections 460ee and 1002 of Title 16, section 4042 of Title 26, sections 1962d–5a, 1962d–5b, 1962d–5d, 1962d–5f, and 1962d–16 of Title 42, sections 390 and 390b of Title 43, Public Lands, and section 1121–1 of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping, repealing sections 1801 and 1802 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 426, 426g, 467, 661, 984, 988, 1414a, and 2294 of this title, sections 460d and 1004 of Title 16, sections 1, 4042, 4461, 9505, and 9506 of Title 26, sections 1962d–5b, 1962d–20, and 10301 of Title 42, and section 390b of Title 43, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1962b–3 of Title 42] may be cited as the 'Water Resources Development Act of 1986'."

Pub. L. 99–662, title II, §215, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4109, provided that: "This title [enacting subchapter II of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Harbor Development and Navigation Improvement Act of 1986'."

Reports to Congress

Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1042, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1243, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary [of the Army] shall complete and submit to Congress by the applicable date required the reports that address public safety and enhanced local participation in project delivery described in subsection (b).

"(b) Reports.—The reports referred to in subsection (a) are the reports required under—

"(1) subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 1043(a)(5) [33 U.S.C. 2201 note];

"(2) section 1046(a)(2)(B) [33 U.S.C. 2319 note];

"(3) section 210(e)(3) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2238(e)(3)) (as amended by section 2102(a)); and

"(4) section 7001 [33 U.S.C. 2282d].

"(c) Failure To Provide a Completed Report.—

"(1) In general.—Subject to subsection (d), if the Secretary fails to provide a report listed under subsection (b) by the date that is 180 days after the applicable date required for that report, $5,000 shall be reprogrammed from the General Expenses account of the civil works program of the Army Corps of Engineers into the account of the division of the Army Corps of Engineers with responsibility for completing that report.

"(2) Subsequent reprogramming.—Subject to subsection (d), for each additional week after the date described in paragraph (1) in which a report described in that paragraph remains uncompleted and unsubmitted to Congress, $5,000 shall be reprogrammed from the General Expenses account of the civil works program of the Army Corps of Engineers into the account of the division of the Secretary of the Army with responsibility for completing that report.

"(d) Limitations.—

"(1) In general.—For each report, the total amounts reprogrammed under subsection (c) shall not exceed, in any fiscal year, $50,000.

"(2) Aggregate limitation.—The total amount reprogrammed under subsection (c) in a fiscal year shall not exceed $200,000.

"(e) No Fault of the Secretary.—Amounts shall not be reprogrammed under subsection (c) if the Secretary certifies in a letter to the applicable committees of Congress that—

"(1) a major modification has been made to the content of the report that requires additional analysis for the Secretary to make a final decision on the report;

"(2) amounts have not been appropriated to the agency under this Act or any other Act to carry out the report; or

"(3) additional information is required from an entity other than the Corps of Engineers and is not available in a timely manner to complete the report by the deadline.

"(f) Limitation.—The Secretary shall not reprogram funds to the General Expenses account of the civil works program of the Corps of Engineers for the loss of the funds."

Non-Federal Implementation Pilot Program

Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1043, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1244, as amended by Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1137, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3783, provided that:

"(a) Non-Federal Implementation of Feasibility Studies.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [June 10, 2014], the Secretary [of the Army] shall establish and implement a pilot program to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and project delivery efficiency of allowing non-Federal interests to carry out feasibility studies for flood risk management, hurricane and storm damage reduction, aquatic ecosystem restoration, and coastal harbor and channel and inland navigation.

"(2) Purposes.—The purposes of the pilot program are—

"(A) to identify project delivery and cost-saving alternatives to the existing feasibility study process;

"(B) to evaluate the technical, financial, and organizational efficiencies of a non-Federal interest carrying out a feasibility study of 1 or more projects; and

"(C) to evaluate alternatives for the decentralization of the project planning, management, and operational decisionmaking process of the Corps of Engineers.

"(3) Administration.—

"(A) In general.—On the request of a non-Federal interest, the Secretary may enter into an agreement with the non-Federal interest for the non-Federal interest to provide full project management control of a feasibility study for a project for—

"(i) flood risk management;

"(ii) hurricane and storm damage reduction, including levees, floodwalls, flood control channels, and water control structures;

"(iii) coastal harbor and channel and inland navigation; and

"(iv) aquatic ecosystem restoration.

"(B) Use of non-federal funds.—

"(i) In general.—A non-Federal interest that has entered into an agreement with the Secretary pursuant to subparagraph (A) may use non-Federal funds to carry out the feasibility study.

"(ii) Credit.—The Secretary shall credit towards the non-Federal share of the cost of construction of a project for which a feasibility study is carried out under this subsection an amount equal to the portion of the cost of developing the study that would have been the responsibility of the Secretary, if the study were carried out by the Secretary, subject to the conditions that—

     "(I) non-Federal funds were used to carry out the activities that would have been the responsibility of the Secretary;

     "(II) the Secretary determines that the feasibility study complies with all applicable Federal laws and regulations; and

     "(III) the project is authorized by any provision of Federal law enacted after the date on which an agreement is entered into under subparagraph (A).

"(C) Transfer of funds.—

"(i) In general.—After the date on which an agreement is executed pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary may transfer to the non-Federal interest to carry out the feasibility study—

     "(I) if applicable, the balance of any unobligated amounts appropriated for the study, except that the Secretary shall retain sufficient amounts for the Corps of Engineers to carry out any responsibilities of the Corps of Engineers relating to the project and pilot program; and

     "(II) additional amounts, as determined by the Secretary, from amounts made available under paragraph (8), except that the total amount transferred to the non-Federal interest shall not exceed the updated estimate of the Federal share of the cost of the feasibility study.

"(ii) Administration.—The Secretary shall include such provisions as the Secretary determines to be necessary in an agreement under subparagraph (A) to ensure that a non-Federal interest receiving Federal funds under this paragraph—

     "(I) has the necessary qualifications to administer those funds; and

     "(II) will comply with all applicable Federal laws (including regulations) relating to the use of those funds.

"(D) Notification.—The Secretary shall notify the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on the initiation of each feasibility study under the pilot program.

"(E) Auditing.—The Secretary shall regularly monitor and audit each feasibility study carried out by a non-Federal interest under this section to ensure that the use of any funds transferred under subparagraph (C) are used in compliance with the agreement signed under subparagraph (A).

"(F) Technical assistance.—On the request of a non-Federal interest, the Secretary may provide technical assistance to the non-Federal interest relating to any aspect of the feasibility study, if the non-Federal interest contracts with the Secretary for the technical assistance and compensates the Secretary for the technical assistance.

"(G) Detailed project schedule.—Not later than 180 days after entering into an agreement under subparagraph (A), each non-Federal interest, to the maximum extent practicable, shall submit to the Secretary a detailed project schedule, based on full funding capability, that lists all deadlines for milestones relating to the feasibility study.

"(4) Cost share.—Nothing in this subsection affects the cost-sharing requirement applicable on the day before the date of enactment of this Act to a feasibility study carried out under this subsection.

"(5) Report.—

"(A) In general.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and make publicly available a report detailing the results of the pilot program carried out under this section, including—

"(i) a description of the progress of the non-Federal interests in meeting milestones in detailed project schedules developed pursuant to paragraph (3)(G); and

"(ii) any recommendations of the Secretary concerning whether the program or any component of the program should be implemented on a national basis.

"(B) Update.—Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives an update of the report described in subparagraph (A).

"(C) Failure to meet deadline.—If the Secretary fails to submit a report by the required deadline under this paragraph, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a detailed explanation of why the deadline was missed and a projected date for submission of the report.

"(6) Administration.—All laws and regulations that would apply to the Secretary if the Secretary were carrying out the feasibility study shall apply to a non-Federal interest carrying out a feasibility study under this subsection.

"(7) Termination of authority.—The authority to commence a feasibility study under this subsection terminates on the date that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

"(8) Authorization of appropriations.—In addition to any amounts appropriated for a specific project, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the pilot program under this subsection, including the costs of administration of the Secretary, $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2015 through 2019.

"(b) Non-Federal Project Implementation Pilot Program.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish and implement a pilot program to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and project delivery efficiency of allowing non-Federal interests to carry out flood risk management, hurricane and storm damage reduction, coastal harbor and channel inland navigation, and aquatic ecosystem restoration projects.

"(2) Purposes.—The purposes of the pilot program are—

"(A) to identify project delivery and cost-saving alternatives that reduce the backlog of authorized Corps of Engineers projects;

"(B) to evaluate the technical, financial, and organizational efficiencies of a non-Federal interest carrying out the design, execution, management, and construction of 1 or more projects; and

"(C) to evaluate alternatives for the decentralization of the project management, design, and construction for authorized Corps of Engineers water resources projects.

"(3) Administration.—

"(A) In general.—In carrying out the pilot program, the Secretary shall—

"(i) identify a total of not more than 20 projects for flood risk management, hurricane and storm damage reduction (including levees, floodwalls, flood control channels, and water control structures), coastal harbor and channels, inland navigation, and aquatic ecosystem restoration that have been authorized for construction, including—

     "(I) not more than 12 projects that have been authorized for construction prior to the date of enactment of this Act and that—

"(aa)(AA) have received Federal funds prior to the date of enactment of this Act; or

"(BB) for more than 2 consecutive fiscal years, have an unobligated funding balance for that project in the Corps of Engineers construction account; and

"(bb) to the maximum extent practicable, are located in each of the divisions of the Corps of Engineers;

     "(II) not more than 3 projects that have been authorized for construction prior to the date of enactment of this Act and that have not received Federal funds in the period beginning on the date on which the project was authorized and ending on the date of enactment of this Act; and

     "(III) not more than 5 projects that have been authorized for construction, but did not receive the authorization prior to the date of enactment of this Act;

"(ii) notify the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on the identification of each project under the pilot program;

"(iii) in collaboration with the non-Federal interest, develop a detailed project management plan for each identified project that outlines the scope, budget, design, and construction resource requirements necessary for the non-Federal interest to execute the project, or a separable element of the project;

"(iv) on the request of the non-Federal interest, enter into a project partnership agreement with the non-Federal interest for the non-Federal interest to provide full project management control for construction of the project, or a separable element of the project, in accordance with plans approved by the Secretary;

"(v) following execution of the project partnership agreement, transfer to the non-Federal interest to carry out construction of the project, or a separable element of the project—

     "(I) if applicable, the balance of the unobligated amounts appropriated for the project, except that the Secretary shall retain sufficient amounts for the Corps of Engineers to carry out any responsibilities of the Corps of Engineers relating to the project and pilot program; and

     "(II) additional amounts, as determined by the Secretary, from amounts made available under paragraph (8), except that the total amount transferred to the non-Federal interest shall not exceed the updated estimate of the Federal share of the cost of construction, including any required design; and

"(vi) regularly monitor and audit each project being constructed by a non-Federal interest under this section to ensure that the construction activities are carried out in compliance with the plans approved by the Secretary and that the construction costs are reasonable.

"(B) Detailed project schedule.—Not later than 180 days after entering into an agreement under subparagraph (A)(iv), each non-Federal interest, to the maximum extent practicable, shall submit to the Secretary a detailed project schedule, based on estimated funding levels, that lists all deadlines for each milestone in the construction of the project.

"(C) Technical assistance.—On the request of a non-Federal interest, the Secretary may provide technical assistance to the non-Federal interest, if the non-Federal interest contracts with and compensates the Secretary for the technical assistance relating to—

"(i) any study, engineering activity, and design activity for construction carried out by the non-Federal interest under this subsection; and

"(ii) expeditiously obtaining any permits necessary for the project.

"(4) Cost share.—Nothing in this subsection affects the cost-sharing requirement applicable on the day before the date of enactment of this Act to a project carried out under this subsection.

"(5) Report.—

"(A) In general.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and make publicly available a report detailing the results of the pilot program carried out under this subsection, including—

"(i) a description of the progress of non-Federal interests in meeting milestones in detailed project schedules developed pursuant to paragraph (2)(B); and

"(ii) any recommendations of the Secretary concerning whether the program or any component of the program should be implemented on a national basis.

"(B) Update.—Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives an update of the report described in subparagraph (A).

"(C) Failure to meet deadline.—If the Secretary fails to submit a report by the required deadline under this paragraph, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a detailed explanation of why the deadline was missed and a projected date for submission of the report.

"(6) Administration.—All laws and regulations that would apply to the Secretary if the Secretary were carrying out the project shall apply to a non-Federal interest carrying out a project under this subsection.

"(7) Termination of authority.—The authority to commence a project under this subsection terminates on the date that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

"(8) Authorization of appropriations.—In addition to any amounts appropriated for a specific project, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the pilot program under this subsection, including the costs of administration of the Secretary, $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023."

Water Infrastructure Public-Private Partnership Pilot Program

Pub. L. 113–121, title V, §5014, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1329, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary [of the Army] shall establish a pilot program to evaluate the cost effectiveness and project delivery efficiency of allowing non-Federal pilot applicants to carry out authorized water resources development projects for coastal harbor improvement, channel improvement, inland navigation, flood damage reduction, aquatic ecosystem restoration, and hurricane and storm damage reduction.

"(b) Purposes.—The purposes of the pilot program established under subsection (a) are—

"(1) to identify cost-saving project delivery alternatives that reduce the backlog of authorized Corps of Engineers projects; and

"(2) to evaluate the technical, financial, and organizational benefits of allowing a non-Federal pilot applicant to carry out and manage the design or construction (or both) of 1 or more of such projects.

"(c) Subsequent Appropriations.—Any activity undertaken under this section is authorized only to the extent specifically provided for in subsequent appropriations Acts.

"(d) Administration.—In carrying out the pilot program established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall—

"(1) identify for inclusion in the program at least 15 projects that are authorized for construction for coastal harbor improvement, channel improvement, inland navigation, flood damage reduction, or hurricane and storm damage reduction;

"(2) notify in writing the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives of each project identified under paragraph (1);

"(3) in consultation with the non-Federal pilot applicant associated with each project identified under paragraph (1), develop a detailed project management plan for the project that outlines the scope, financing, budget, design, and construction resource requirements necessary for the non-Federal pilot applicant to execute the project, or a separable element of the project;

"(4) at the request of the non-Federal pilot applicant associated with each project identified under paragraph (1), enter into a project partnership agreement with the non-Federal pilot applicant under which the non-Federal pilot applicant is provided full project management control for the financing, design, or construction (or any combination thereof) of the project, or a separable element of the project, in accordance with plans approved by the Secretary;

"(5) following execution of a project partnership agreement under paragraph (4) and completion of all work under the agreement, issue payment, in accordance with subsection (g), to the relevant non-Federal pilot applicant for that work; and

"(6) regularly monitor and audit each project carried out under the program to ensure that all activities related to the project are carried out in compliance with plans approved by the Secretary and that construction costs are reasonable.

"(e) Selection Criteria.—In identifying projects under subsection (d)(1), the Secretary shall consider the extent to which the project—

"(1) is significant to the economy of the United States;

"(2) leverages Federal investment by encouraging non-Federal contributions to the project;

"(3) employs innovative project delivery and cost-saving methods;

"(4) received Federal funds in the past and experienced delays or missed scheduled deadlines;

"(5) has unobligated Corps of Engineers funding balances; and

"(6) has not received Federal funding for recapitalization and modernization since the project was authorized.

"(f) Detailed Project Schedule.—Not later than 180 days after entering into a project partnership agreement under subsection (d)(4), a non-Federal pilot applicant, to the maximum extent practicable, shall submit to the Secretary a detailed project schedule for the relevant project, based on estimated funding levels, that specifies deadlines for each milestone with respect to the project.

"(g) Payment.—Payment to the non-Federal pilot applicant for work completed pursuant to a project partnership agreement under subsection (d)(4) may be made from—

"(1) if applicable, the balance of the unobligated amounts appropriated for the project; and

"(2) other amounts appropriated to the Corps of Engineers, subject to the condition that the total amount transferred to the non-Federal pilot applicant may not exceed the estimate of the Federal share of the cost of construction, including any required design.

"(h) Technical Assistance.—At the request of a non-Federal pilot applicant participating in the pilot program established under subsection (a), the Secretary may provide to the non-Federal pilot applicant, if the non-Federal pilot applicant contracts with and compensates the Secretary, technical assistance with respect to—

"(1) a study, engineering activity, or design activity related to a project carried out by the non-Federal pilot applicant under the program; and

"(2) obtaining permits necessary for such a project.

"(i) Identification of Impediments.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary shall—

"(A) except as provided in paragraph (2), identify any procedural requirements under the authority of the Secretary that impede greater use of public-private partnerships and private investment in water resources development projects;

"(B) develop and implement, on a project-by-project basis, procedures and approaches that—

"(i) address such impediments; and

"(ii) protect the public interest and any public investment in water resources development projects that involve public-private partnerships or private investment in water resources development projects; and

"(C) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section [June 10, 2014], issue rules to carry out the procedures and approaches developed under subparagraph (B).

"(2) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this section allows the Secretary to waive any requirement under—

"(A) sections 3141 through 3148 and sections 3701 through 3708 of title 40, United States Code;

"(B) the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); or

"(C) any other provision of Federal law.

"(j) Public Benefit Studies.—

"(1) In general.—Before entering into a project partnership agreement under subsection (d)(4), the Secretary shall conduct an assessment of whether, and provide justification in writing to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives that, the proposed agreement provides better public and financial benefits than a similar transaction using public funding or financing.

"(2) Requirements.—An assessment under paragraph (1) shall—

"(A) be completed in a period of not more than 90 days;

"(B) take into consideration any supporting materials and data submitted by the relevant non-Federal pilot applicant and other stakeholders; and

"(C) determine whether the proposed project partnership agreement is in the public interest by determining whether the agreement will provide public and financial benefits, including expedited project delivery and savings for taxpayers.

"(k) Non-Federal Funding.—The non-Federal pilot applicant may finance the non-Federal share of a project carried out under the pilot program established under subsection (a).

"(l) Applicability of Federal Law.—Any provision of Federal law that would apply to the Secretary if the Secretary were carrying out a project shall apply to a non-Federal pilot applicant carrying out a project under this section.

"(m) Cost Share.—Nothing in this section affects a cost-sharing requirement under Federal law that is applicable to a project carried out under the pilot program established under subsection (a).

"(n) Report.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and make publicly available a report describing the results of the pilot program established under subsection (a), including any recommendations of the Secretary concerning whether the program or any component of the program should be implemented on a national basis.

"(o) Non-Federal Pilot Applicant Defined.—In this section, the term 'non-Federal pilot applicant' means—

"(1) the non-Federal sponsor of the water resources development project;

"(2) a non-Federal interest, as defined in section 221 of the Flood Control Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 1982d–5b [1962d–5b]); or

"(3) a private entity with the consent of the local government in which the project is located or that is otherwise affected by the project."

Funding to Process Permits

Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §214, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2594, as amended by Pub. L. 108–137, title I, §114, Dec. 1, 2003, 117 Stat. 1836; Pub. L. 109–99, §1, Nov. 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 2169; Pub. L. 109–209, §1, Mar. 24, 2006, 120 Stat. 318; Pub. L. 109–434, §1, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3197; Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2002, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1067; Pub. L. 111–120, §1, Dec. 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 3478; Pub. L. 111–315, §1, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3450; Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1006, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1212, which related to funding to process permits and was formerly set out as a note under this section, was transferred to section 2352 of this title.

Monitoring

Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §223, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2597, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary shall conduct a monitoring program of the economic and environmental results of up to 5 eligible projects selected by the Secretary.

"(b) Duration.—The monitoring of a project selected by the Secretary under this section shall be for a period of not less than 12 years beginning on the date of its selection.

"(c) Reports.—The Secretary shall transmit to Congress every 3 years a report on the performance of each project selected under this section.

"(d) Eligible Project Defined.—In this section, the term 'eligible project' means a water resources project, or separable element thereof—

"(1) for which a contract for physical construction has not been awarded before the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 11, 2000];

"(2) that has a total cost of more than $25,000,000; and

"(3)(A) that has as a benefit-to-cost ratio of less than 1.5 to 1; or

"(B) that has significant environmental benefits or significant environmental mitigation components.

"(e) Costs.—The cost of conducting monitoring under this section shall be a Federal expense."

Water Control Management

Pub. L. 106–53, title V, §511, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 341, provided that:

"(a) In General.—In evaluating potential improvements for water control management activities and consolidation of water control management centers, the Secretary may consider a regionalized water control management plan but may not implement such a plan until the date on which a report is submitted under subsection (b).

"(b) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 17, 1999], the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate a report containing—

"(1) a description of the primary objectives of streamlining water control management activities;

"(2) a description of the benefits provided by streamlining water control management activities through consolidation of centers for those activities;

"(3) a determination whether the benefits to users of establishing regional water control management centers will be retained in each district office of the Corps of Engineers that does not have a regional center;

"(4) a determination whether users of regional centers will receive a higher level of benefits from streamlining water control management activities; and

"(5) a list of the members of Congress who represent a district that includes a water control management center that is to be eliminated under a proposed regionalized plan."

Buy American; Sense of Congress; Requirement Regarding Notice

Pub. L. 106–53, title II, §222, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 295, provided that:

"(a) In General.—It is the sense of Congress that, to the extent practicable, all equipment and products purchased with funds made available under this Act [see Tables for classification] should be American made.

"(b) Notice to Recipients of Assistance.—In providing financial assistance under this Act, the Secretary, to the greatest extent practicable, shall provide to each recipient of the assistance a notice describing the statement made in subsection (a)."

Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §235, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3704, provided that:

"(a) Purchase of American-Made Equipment and Products.—It is the sense of Congress that, to the greatest extent practicable, all equipment and products purchased with funds made available under this Act [see Tables for classification] should be American-made.

"(b) Notice to Recipients of Assistance.—In providing financial assistance under this Act, the Secretary, to the greatest extent practicable, shall provide to each recipient of the assistance a notice describing the statement made in subsection (a)."

Budget Act Requirements

Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §948, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4201, provided that: "Any spending authority under this Act [see Short Title note above] shall be effective only to such extent and in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts. For purposes of this Act, the term 'spending authority' has the meaning provided in section 401(c)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C. 651(c)(2)], except that such term does not include spending authority for which an exception is made under section 401(d) of such Act."

"Secretary" Defined

Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §102, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3768, provided that: "In this title [see Tables for classification], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Army."

Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1002, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1632, provided that: "In this title [see Tables for classification], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Army."

Pub. L. 113–121, §2, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1195, provided that: "In this Act [see Tables for classification], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Army."

Pub. L. 110–114, §2, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1049, provided that: "In this Act [see Tables for classification], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Army."

Pub. L. 106–541, §2, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2575, provided that: "In this Act [see Tables for classification], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Army."

Pub. L. 106–53, §2, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 273, provided that: "In this Act [see Tables for classification], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Army."

Pub. L. 104–303, §2, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3662, provided that: "In this Act [see Tables for classification], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Army."

Pub. L. 102–580, §3, Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4801, provided that: "For purposes of this Act [see Short Title of 1992 Amendment note above], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Army."

Pub. L. 101–640, §2, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4605, provided that: "For purposes of this Act [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note above], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Army."

Pub. L. 100–676, §2, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4013, provided that: "For purposes of this Act [see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note above], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Army."

Promoting the Reliable Supply and Delivery of Water in the West

Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 19, 2018, 83 F.R. 53961, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of the Interior[,] the Secretary of Commerce[,] the Secretary of Energy[,] the Secretary of the Army[, and] the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, I hereby direct the following:

Section 1. Policy. During the 20th Century, the Federal Government invested enormous resources in water infrastructure throughout the western United States to reduce flood risks to communities; to provide reliable water supplies for farms, families, businesses, and fish and wildlife; and to generate dependable hydropower. Decades of uncoordinated, piecemeal regulatory actions have diminished the ability of our Federal infrastructure, however, to deliver water and power in an efficient, cost-effective way.

Unless addressed, fragmented regulation of water infrastructure will continue to produce inefficiencies, unnecessary burdens, and conflict among the Federal Government, States, tribes, and local public agencies that deliver water to their citizenry. To meet these challenges, the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce should, to the extent permitted by law, work together to minimize unnecessary regulatory burdens and foster more efficient decision-making so that water projects are better able to meet the demands of their authorized purposes.

Sec. 2. Streamlining Western Water Infrastructure Regulatory Processes and Removing Unnecessary Burdens. To address water infrastructure challenges in the western United States, the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce shall undertake the following actions:

(a) Within 30 days of the date of this memorandum [Oct. 19, 2018], the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce shall:

(i) identify major water infrastructure projects in California for which the Department of the Interior and the Department of Commerce have joint responsibility under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) (Public Law 93–205) [16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.] or individual responsibilities under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) (Public Law 91–190) [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.]; and

(ii) for each such project, work together to facilitate the designation of one official to coordinate the agencies' ESA and NEPA compliance responsibilities. Within the 30-day time period provided by this subsection, the designated official shall also identify regulations and procedures that potentially burden the project and develop a proposed plan, for consideration by the Secretaries, to appropriately suspend, revise, or rescind any regulations or procedures that unduly burden the project beyond the degree necessary to protect the public interest or otherwise comply with the law. For purposes of this memorandum, "burden" means to unnecessarily obstruct, delay, curtail, impede, or otherwise impose significant costs on the permitting, utilization, transmission, delivery, or supply of water resources and infrastructure.

(b) Within 40 days of the date of this memorandum, the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce shall develop a timeline for completing applicable environmental compliance requirements for projects identified under section 2(a)(i) of this memorandum. Environmental compliance requirements shall be completed as expeditiously as possible, and in accordance with applicable law.

(c) To the maximum extent practicable and consistent with applicable law, including the authorities granted to the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce under the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act (Public Law 114–322):

(i) The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce shall ensure that the ongoing review of the long-term coordinated operations of the Central Valley Project and the California State Water Project is completed and an updated Plan of Operations and Record of Decision is issued.

(ii) The Secretary of the Interior shall issue final biological assessments for the long-term coordinated operations of the Central Valley Project and the California State Water Project not later than January 31, 2019.

(iii) The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce shall ensure the issuance of their respective final biological opinions for the long-term coordinated operations of the Central Valley Project and the California State Water Project within 135 days of the deadline provided in section 2(c)(ii) of this memorandum. To the extent practicable and consistent with law, these shall be joint opinions.

(iv) The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce shall complete the joint consultation presently underway for the Klamath Irrigation Project by August 2019.

(d) The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce shall provide monthly updates to the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality and other components of the Executive Office of the President, as appropriate, regarding progress in meeting the established timelines.

Sec. 3. Improve Forecasts of Water Availability. To facilitate greater use of forecast-based management and use of authorities and capabilities provided by the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–25) [15 U.S.C. 8501 et seq.] and other applicable laws, the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce shall convene water experts and resource managers to develop an action plan to improve the information and modeling capabilities related to water availability and water infrastructure projects. The action plan shall be completed by January 2019 and submitted to the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality.

Sec. 4. Improving Use of Technology to Increase Water Reliability. To the maximum extent practicable, and pursuant to the Reclamation Wastewater and Groundwater Study and Facilities Act (Public Law 102–575, title XVI) [43 U.S.C. 390h et seq.], the Water Desalination Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–298) [42 U.S.C. 10301 note], and other applicable laws, the Secretary of the Interior shall direct appropriate bureaus to promote the expanded use of technology for improving the accuracy and reliability of water and power deliveries. This promotion of expanded use should include:

(a) investment in technology and reduction of regulatory burdens to enable broader scale deployment of desalination technology;

(b) investment in technology and reduction of regulatory burdens to enable broader scale use of recycled water; and

(c) investment in programs that promote and encourage innovation, research, and development of technology that improve water management, using best available science through real-time monitoring of wildlife and water deliveries.

Sec. 5. Consideration of Locally Developed Plans in Hydroelectric Projects Licensing. To the extent the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce participate in Federal Energy Regulatory Commission licensing activities for hydroelectric projects, and to the extent permitted by law, the Secretaries shall give appropriate consideration to any relevant information available to them in locally developed plans, where consistent with the best available information.

Sec. 6. Streamlining Regulatory Processes and Removing Unnecessary Burdens on the Columbia River Basin Water Infrastructure. In order to address water and hydropower operations challenges in the Columbia River Basin, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, and the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works under the direction of the Secretary of the Army, shall develop a schedule to complete the Columbia River System Operations Environmental Impact Statement and the associated Biological Opinion due by 2020. The schedule shall be submitted to the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality within 60 days of the date of this memorandum.

Sec. 7. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d) The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Donald J. Trump.      

§2202. Non-Federal engagement and review

(a) Issuance

The Secretary shall expeditiously issue guidance to implement each covered provision of law in accordance with this section.

(b) Public notice

(1) In general

Prior to developing and issuing any new or revised implementation guidance for a covered water resources development law, the Secretary shall issue a public notice that—

(A) informs potentially interested non-Federal stakeholders of the Secretary's intent to develop and issue such guidance; and

(B) provides an opportunity for interested non-Federal stakeholders to engage with, and provide input and recommendations to, the Secretary on the development and issuance of such guidance.

(2) Issuance of notice

The Secretary shall issue the notice under paragraph (1) through a posting on a publicly accessible website dedicated to providing notice on the development and issuance of implementation guidance for a covered water resources development law.

(c) Stakeholder engagement

(1) Input

The Secretary shall allow a minimum of 60 days after issuance of the public notice under subsection (b) for non-Federal stakeholders to provide input and recommendations to the Secretary, prior to finalizing implementation guidance for a covered water resources development law.

(2) Outreach

The Secretary may, as appropriate (as determined by the Secretary), reach out to non-Federal stakeholders and circulate drafts of implementation guidance for a covered water resources development law for informal input and recommendations.

(d) Submission

The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a copy of all input and recommendations received pursuant to subsection (c) and a description of any consideration of such input and recommendations.

(e) Development of guidance

When developing implementation guidance for a covered water resources development law, the Secretary shall take into consideration the input and recommendations received from non-Federal stakeholders, and make the final guidance available to the public on the publicly accessible website described in subsection (b)(2).

(f) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Covered provision of law

The term "covered provision of law" means a provision of law under the jurisdiction of the Secretary contained in, or amended by, a covered water resources development law, with respect to which—

(A) the Secretary determines guidance is necessary in order to implement the provision; and

(B) no such guidance has been issued as of October 23, 2018.

(2) Covered water resources development law

The term "covered water resources development law" means—

(A) the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014;

(B) the Water Resources Development Act of 2016;

(C) this Act; and

(D) any Federal water resources development law enacted after October 23, 2018.

(Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1105, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3772.)

References in Text

The Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, referred to in subsec. (f)(2)(A), is Pub. L. 113–121, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1193. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2014 Amendment note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

The Water Resources Development Act of 2016, referred to in subsec. (f)(2)(B), is title I of Pub. L. 114–322, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1632. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2016 Amendment note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(2)(C), probably means title I of Pub. L. 115–270, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3768, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 2018. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2018 Amendment note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2018, and also as part of the America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 102 of Pub. L. 115–270, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

SUBCHAPTER I—COST SHARING

§2211. Harbors

(a) Construction

(1) Payments during construction

The non-Federal interests for a navigation project for a harbor or inland harbor, or any separable element thereof, on which a contract for physical construction has not been awarded before June 10, 2014, shall pay, during the period of construction of the project, the following costs associated with general navigation features:

(A) 10 percent of the cost of construction of the portion of the project which has a depth not in excess of 20 feet; plus

(B) 25 percent of the cost of construction of the portion of the project which has a depth in excess of 20 feet but not in excess of 50 feet; plus

(C) 50 percent of the cost of construction of the portion of the project which has a depth in excess of 50 feet.

(2) Additional 10 percent payment over 30 years

The non-Federal interests for a project to which paragraph (1) applies shall pay an additional 10 percent of the cost of the general navigation features of the project in cash over a period not to exceed 30 years, at an interest rate determined pursuant to section 2216 of this title. The value of lands, easements, rights-of-way, and relocations provided under paragraph (3) and the costs of relocations borne by the non-Federal interests under paragraph (4) shall be credited toward the payment required under this paragraph.

(3) Lands, easements, and rights-of-way

Except as provided under section 2283(c) of this title, the non-Federal interests for a project to which paragraph (1) applies shall provide the lands, easements, rights-of-way, and relocations (other than utility relocations under paragraph (4)) necessary for the project, including any lands, easements, rights-of-way, and relocations (other than utility relocations accomplished under paragraph (4)) that are necessary for dredged material disposal facilities.

(4) Utility relocations

The non-Federal interests for a project to which paragraph (1) applies shall perform or assure the performance of all relocations of utilities necessary to carry out the project, except that in the case of a project for a deep-draft harbor and in the case of a project constructed by non-Federal interests under section 2232 of this title, one-half of the cost of each such relocation shall be borne by the owner of the facility being relocated and one-half of the cost of each such relocation shall be borne by the non-Federal interests.

(5) Dredged material disposal facilities for project construction

In this subsection, the term "general navigation features" includes constructed land-based and aquatic dredged material disposal facilities that are necessary for the disposal of dredged material required for project construction and for which a contract for construction has not been awarded on or before October 12, 1996.

(b) Operation and maintenance

(1) In general

The Federal share of the cost of operation and maintenance of each navigation project for a harbor or inland harbor constructed by the Secretary pursuant to this Act or any other law approved after November 17, 1986, shall be 100 percent, except that in the case of a deep-draft harbor, the non-Federal interests shall be responsible for an amount equal to 50 percent of the excess of the cost of the operation and maintenance of such project over the cost which the Secretary determines would be incurred for operation and maintenance of such project if such project had a depth of 50 feet.

(2) Dredged material disposal facilities

The Federal share of the cost of constructing land-based and aquatic dredged material disposal facilities that are necessary for the disposal of dredged material required for the operation and maintenance of a project and for which a contract for construction has not been awarded on or before October 12, 1996, shall be determined in accordance with subsection (a). The Federal share of operating and maintaining such facilities shall be determined in accordance with paragraph (1).

(c) Erosion or shoaling attributable to Federal navigation works

Costs of constructing projects or measures for the prevention or mitigation of erosion or shoaling damages attributable to Federal navigation works shall be shared in the same proportion as the cost sharing provisions applicable to the project causing such erosion or shoaling. The non-Federal interests for the project causing the erosion or shoaling shall agree to operate and maintain such measures.

(d) Non-Federal payments during construction

The amount of any non-Federal share of the cost of any navigation project for a harbor or inland harbor shall be paid to the Secretary. Amounts required to be paid during construction shall be paid on an annual basis during the period of construction, beginning not later than one year after construction is initiated.

(e) Agreement

Before initiation of construction of a project to which this section applies, the Secretary and the non-Federal interests shall enter into a cooperative agreement according to the provisions of section 1962d–5b of title 42. The non-Federal interests shall agree to—

(1) provide to the Federal Government lands, easements, and rights-of-way, including those necessary for dredged material disposal facilities, and perform the necessary relocations required for construction, operation, and maintenance of such project;

(2) hold and save the United States free from damages due to the construction or operation and maintenance of the project, except for damages due to the fault or negligence of the United States or its contractors;

(3) provide to the Federal Government the non-Federal share of all other costs of construction of such project; and

(4) in the case of a deep-draft harbor, be responsible for the non-Federal share of operation and maintenance required by subsection (b) of this section.

(f) Consideration of funding requirements and equitable apportionment

The Secretary shall ensure, to the extent practicable, that—

(1) funding requirements for operation and maintenance dredging of commercial navigation harbors are considered before Federal funds are obligated for payment of the Federal share of costs associated with the construction of dredged material disposal facilities in accordance with subsections (a) and (b);

(2) funds expended for such construction are apportioned equitably in accordance with regional needs; and

(3) use of a dredged material disposal facility designed, constructed, managed, or operated by a private entity is not precluded if, consistent with economic and environmental considerations, the facility is the least-cost alternative.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title I, §101, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082; Pub. L. 100–676, §13(a), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4025; Pub. L. 102–580, title III, §333(b)(1), Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4852; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §201(a)–(d), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3671, 3672; Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2102(b), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1278; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1111, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1636.)

References in Text

This Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, as amended, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–322, §1111(1), substituted "June 10, 2014," for "November 17, 1986," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–322, §1111(2), substituted "50 feet" for "45 feet".

Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 114–322, §1111(3), substituted "50 feet" for "45 feet".

2014—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–121 substituted "50 feet" for "45 feet".

1996—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–303, §201(a)(1), inserted last sentence and struck out former last sentence which read as follows: "The value of lands, easements, rights-of-way, relocations, and dredged material disposal areas provided under paragraph (3) and the costs of relocations borne by the non-Federal interests under paragraph (4) shall be credited toward the payment required under this paragraph."

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 104–303, §201(a)(2), inserted "and" after "rights-of-way,", struck out ", and dredged material disposal areas" after "relocations under paragraph (4))", and inserted before period at end ", including any lands, easements, rights-of-way, and relocations (other than utility relocations accomplished under paragraph (4)) that are necessary for dredged material disposal facilities".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 104–303, §201(a)(3), added par. (5).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–303, §201(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, realigned margins, and substituted "by the Secretary pursuant to this Act or any other law approved after November 17, 1986" for "pursuant to this Act", and added par. (2).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 104–303, §201(c), substituted "including those necessary for dredged material disposal facilities," for "and to provide dredged material disposal areas".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–303, §201(d), added subsec. (f).

1992—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–580 substituted "Except as provided under section 906(c), the non-Federal" for "The non-Federal".

1988—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–676 added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "The non-Federal interests for a project to which paragraph (1) applies shall pay an additional 10 percent of the cost of the general navigation features of the project in cash over a period not to exceed 30 years, at an interest rate determined pursuant to section 2216 of this title. The value of lands, easements, rights-of-way, relocations, and dredged material disposal areas provided under paragraph (3) shall be credited toward the payment required under this paragraph."

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–676, §13(b), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4026, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on November 17, 1986."

Deep Draft Harbor Cost Sharing

Pub. L. 106–53, title IV, §401, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 322, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary shall undertake a study of non-Federal cost-sharing requirements for the construction and operation and maintenance of deep draft harbor projects to determine whether—

"(1) cost sharing adversely affects United States port development or domestic and international trade; and

"(2) any revision of the cost-sharing requirements would benefit United States domestic and international trade.

"(b) Recommendations.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than May 30, 2001, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives any recommendations that the Secretary may have in light of the study under subsection (a).

"(2) Considerations.—In making recommendations, the Secretary shall consider—

"(A) the potential economic, environmental, and budgetary impacts of any proposed revision of the cost-sharing requirements; and

"(B) the effect that any such revision would have on regional port competition."

Amendment of Cooperation Agreement

Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §201(f), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3673, provided that: "If requested by the non-Federal interest, the Secretary shall amend a project cooperation agreement executed on or before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 12, 1996] to reflect the application of the amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 2241 of this title] to any project for which a contract for construction has not been awarded on or before that date."

Increases in Non-Federal Share of Costs

Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §201(g), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3673, provided that: "Nothing in this section [amending this section and section 2241 of this title and enacting provisions set out above] (including the amendments made by this section) shall increase, or result in the increase of, the non-Federal share of the costs of—

"(1) expanding any confined dredged material disposal facility that is operated by the Secretary and that is authorized for cost recovery through the collection of tolls;

"(2) any confined dredged material disposal facility for which the invitation for bids for construction was issued before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 12, 1996]; and

"(3) expanding any confined dredged material disposal facility constructed under section 123 of the River and Harbor Act of 1970 (33 U.S.C. 1293a) if the capacity of the confined dredged material disposal facility was exceeded in less than 6 years."

Dredged Material Disposal Areas Study

Pub. L. 102–580, title II, §216, Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4832, directed Secretary to conduct a study on the need for changes in Federal law and policy with respect to dredged material disposal areas for construction and maintenance of harbors and inland harbors by Secretary and, not later than 18 months after Oct. 31, 1992, to transmit to Congress a report on the results of the study, together with recommendations of the Secretary.

§2211a. Preserving United States harbors

(a) In general

Upon a request from a non-Federal interest, the Secretary shall review a report developed by the non-Federal interest that provides an economic justification for Federal investment in the operation and maintenance of a federally authorized harbor or inland harbor (referred to in this section as a "federally authorized harbor").

(b) Justification of investment

A report submitted under subsection (a) may provide for an economic justification of Federal investment in the operation and maintenance of a federally authorized harbor based on—

(1) the projected economic benefits, including transportation savings and job creation; and

(2) other factors, including navigation safety, national security, and sustainability of subsistence harbors.

(c) Written response

Not later than 180 days after the date on which the Secretary receives a report under subsection (a), the Secretary shall provide to the non-Federal interest a written response to the report, including an assessment of the information provided by the non-Federal interest.

(d) Prioritization

As the Secretary determines to be appropriate, the Secretary may use the information provided in the report under subsection (a) to justify additional operation and maintenance funding for a federally authorized harbor in accordance with section 2211(b) of this title.

(e) Limitation on statutory construction

Nothing in this section may be construed to preclude the operation and maintenance of a federally authorized harbor under section 2211(b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2107, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1281.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2212. Inland waterway transportation

(a) Construction

One-half of the costs of construction—

(1) of each project authorized by title III of this Act,

(2) of the project authorized by section 652(j) of this title, and

(3) allocated to inland navigation for the project authorized by section 844 of this Act,

shall be paid only from amounts appropriated from the general fund of the Treasury. One-half of such costs shall be paid only from amounts appropriated from the Inland Waterways Trust Fund. For purposes of this subsection, the term "construction" shall include planning, designing, engineering, surveying, the acquisition of all lands, easements, and rights-of-way necessary for the project, including lands for disposal of dredged material, and relocations necessary for the project.

(b) Operation and maintenance

The Federal share of the cost of operation and maintenance of any project for navigation on the inland waterways is 100 percent.

(c) Floodgates on the Inland Waterways

(1) Operation and maintenance carried out by the Secretary

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall be responsible for the operation and maintenance, including repair, of any flood gate, as well as any pumping station constructed within the channel as a single unit with that flood gate, that—

(A) was constructed as of June 10, 2014, as a feature of an authorized hurricane and storm damage reduction project; and

(B) crosses an inland or intracoastal waterway described in section 1804 of this title.

(2) Non-Federal cost share

The non-Federal share of the cost of operation, maintenance, repair, rehabilitation, and replacement of any structure under this subsection shall be 35 percent.

(d) Authorizations from general fund

Any Federal responsibility—

(1) with respect to a project authorized by title III or section 652(j) of this title, or

(2) with respect to the portion of the project authorized by section 844 allocated to inland navigation,

which responsibility is not provided for in subsection (a) of this section shall be paid only from amounts appropriated from the general fund of the Treasury.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title I, §102, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4084; Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2013, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1271.)

References in Text

Title III of this Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (d)(1), is title III of Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4109, consisting of sections 301 and 302. The projects authorized by title III probably mean the projects authorized by section 301 of Pub. L. 99–662, which is not classified to the Code. Section 302 of Pub. L. 99–662, which established the Inland Waterways Users Board, is classified to section 2251 of this title.

Section 844 of this Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(3) and (d)(2), is section 844 of Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4177, which is not classified to the Code.

Amendments

2014—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 113–121 added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).

Acceptance of Contributed Funds To Increase Lock Operations

Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1017, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1223, as amended by Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1135, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3783, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary [of the Army], after providing public notice, shall establish a pilot program for the acceptance and expenditure of funds contributed by non-Federal interests to increase the hours of operation of locks at water resources development projects.

"(b) Applicability.—The establishment of the pilot program under this section shall not affect the periodic review and adjustment of hours of operation of locks based on increases in commercial traffic carried out by the Secretary.

"(c) Public Comment.—Not later than 180 days before a proposed modification to the operation of a lock at a water resources development project will be carried out, the Secretary shall—

"(1) publish the proposed modification in the Federal Register; and

"(2) accept public comment on the proposed modification.

"(d) Reports.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [June 10, 2014], the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and make publicly available a report that evaluates the cost-savings resulting from reduced lock hours and any economic impacts of modifying lock operations.

"(2) Review of pilot program.—Not later than September 30, 2017, and each year thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that describes the effectiveness of the pilot program under this section.

"(e) Annual Review.—The Secretary shall carry out an annual review of the commercial use of locks and make any necessary adjustments to lock operations based on that review.

"(f) Termination.—The authority to accept funds under this section shall terminate 10 years after the date of enactment of this Act."

§2213. Flood control and other purposes

(a) Flood control

(1) General rule

The non-Federal interests for a project with costs assigned to flood control (other than a nonstructural project) shall—

(A) pay 5 percent of the cost of the project assigned to flood control during construction of the project;

(B) provide all lands, easements, rights-of-way, and dredged material disposal areas required only for flood control and perform all related necessary relocations; and

(C) provide that portion of the joint costs of lands, easements, rights-of-way, dredged material disposal areas, and relocations which is assigned to flood control.

(2) 35 percent minimum contribution

If the value of the contributions required under paragraph (1) of this subsection is less than 35 percent of the cost of the project assigned to flood control, the non-Federal interest shall pay during construction of the project such additional amounts as are necessary so that the total contribution of the non-Federal interests under this subsection is equal to 35 percent of the cost of the project assigned to flood control.

(3) 50 percent maximum

The non-Federal share under paragraph (1) shall not exceed 50 percent of the cost of the project assigned to flood control. The preceding sentence does not modify the requirement of paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection.

(4) Deferred payment of amount exceeding 30 percent

If the total amount of the contribution required under paragraph (1) of this subsection exceeds 30 percent of the cost of the project assigned to flood control, the non-Federal interests may pay the amount of the excess to the Secretary over a 15-year period (or such shorter period as may be agreed to by the Secretary and the non-Federal interests) beginning on the date construction of the project or separable element is completed, at an interest rate determined pursuant to section 2216 of this title. The preceding sentence does not modify the requirement of paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection.

(b) Nonstructural flood control projects

(1) In general

The non-Federal share of the cost of nonstructural flood control measures shall be 35 percent of the cost of such measures. The non-Federal interests for any such measures shall be required to provide all lands, easements, rights-of-way, dredged material disposal areas, and relocations necessary for the project, but shall not be required to contribute any amount in cash during construction of the project.

(2) Non-Federal contribution in excess of 35 percent

At any time during construction of a project, if the Secretary determines that the costs of land, easements, rights-of-way, dredged material disposal areas, and relocations for the project, in combination with other costs contributed by the non-Federal interests, will exceed 35 percent, any additional costs for the project (not to exceed 65 percent of the total costs of the project) shall be a Federal responsibility and shall be contributed during construction as part of the Federal share.

(c) Other purposes

The non-Federal share of the cost assigned to other project purposes shall be as follows:

(1) hydroelectric power: 100 percent, except that the marketing of such power and the recovery of costs of constructing, operating, maintaining, and rehabilitating such projects shall be in accordance with existing law: Provided, That after November 17, 1986, the Secretary shall not submit to Congress any proposal for the authorization of any water resources project that has a hydroelectric power component unless such proposal contains the comments of the appropriate Power Marketing Administrator designated pursuant to section 7152 of title 42 concerning the appropriate Power Marketing Administration's ability to market the hydroelectric power expected to be generated and not required in the operation of the project under the applicable Federal power marketing law, so that, 100 percent of operation, maintenance and replacement costs, 100 percent of the capital investment allocated to the purpose of hydroelectric power (with interest at rates established pursuant to or prescribed by applicable law), and any other costs assigned in accordance with law for return from power revenues can be returned within the period set for the return of such costs by or pursuant to such applicable Federal power marketing law;

(2) municipal and industrial water supply: 100 percent;

(3) agricultural water supply: 35 percent;

(4) recreation, including recreational navigation: 50 percent of separable costs and, in the case of any harbor or inland harbor or channel project, 50 percent of joint and separable costs allocated to recreational navigation;

(5) hurricane and storm damage reduction: 35 percent;

(6) aquatic plant control: 50 percent of control operations; and

(7) environmental protection and restoration: 35 percent; except that nothing in this paragraph shall affect or limit the applicability of section 2283 of this title.

(d) Certain other costs assigned to project purposes

(1) Construction

Costs of constructing projects or measures for beach erosion control and water quality enhancement shall be assigned to appropriate project purposes listed in subsections (a), (b), and (c) and shall be shared in the same percentage as the purposes to which the costs are assigned, except that all costs assigned to benefits to privately owned shores (where use of such shores is limited to private interests) or to prevention of losses of private lands shall be borne by non-Federal interests and all costs assigned to the protection of federally owned shores shall be borne by the United States.

(2) Periodic nourishment

(A) In general

In the case of a project authorized for construction after December 31, 1999, except for a project for which a District Engineer's Report is completed by that date, the non-Federal cost of the periodic nourishment of the project, or any measure for shore protection or beach erosion control for the project, that is carried out—

(i) after January 1, 2001, shall be 40 percent;

(ii) after January 1, 2002, shall be 45 percent; and

(iii) after January 1, 2003, shall be 50 percent.

(B) Benefits to privately owned shores

All costs assigned to benefits of periodic nourishment projects or measures to privately owned shores (where use of such shores is limited to private interests) or to prevention of losses of private land shall be borne by the non-Federal interest.

(C) Benefits to federally owned shores

All costs assigned to the protection of federally owned shores for periodic nourishment measures shall be borne by the United States.

(e) Applicability

(1) In general

This section applies to any project (including any small project which is not specifically authorized by Congress and for which the Secretary has not approved funding before November 17, 1986), or separable element thereof, on which physical construction is initiated after April 30, 1986, as determined by the Secretary, except as provided in paragraph (2). For the purpose of the preceding sentence, physical construction shall be considered to be initiated on the date of the award of a construction contract.

(2) Exceptions

This section shall not apply to the Yazoo Basin, Mississippi, Demonstration Erosion Control Program, authorized by Public Law 98–8, or to the Harlan, Kentucky, or Barbourville, Kentucky, elements of the project authorized by section 202 of Public Law 96–367.

(f) "Separable element" defined

For purposes of this Act, the term "separable element" means a portion of a project—

(1) which is physically separable from other portions of the project; and

(2) which—

(A) achieves hydrologic effects, or

(B) produces physical or economic benefits,

which are separately identifiable from those produced by other portions of the project.

(g) Deferral of payment

(1) With respect to the projects listed in paragraph (2), no amount of the non-Federal share required under this section shall be required to be paid during the three-year period beginning on November 17, 1986.

(2) The projects referred to in paragraph (1) are the following:

(A) Boeuf and Tensas Rivers, Tensas Basin, Louisiana and Arkansas, authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1946;

(B) Eight Mile Creek, Arkansas, authorized by Public Law 99–88; and

(C) Rocky Bayou Area, Yazoo Backwater Area, Yazoo Basin, Mississippi, authorized by the Flood Control Act approved August 18, 1941.

(h) Assigned joint and separable costs

The share of the costs specified under this section for each project purpose shall apply to the joint and separable costs of construction of each project assigned to that purpose, except as otherwise specified in this Act.

(i) Lands, easements, rights-of-way, dredged material disposal areas, and relocations

Except as provided under section 2283(c) of this title, the non-Federal interests for a project to which this section applies shall provide all lands, easements, rights-of-way, and dredged material disposal areas required for the project and perform all necessary relocations, except to the extent limited by any provision of this section. The value of any contribution under the preceding sentence shall be included in the non-Federal share of the project specified in this section.

(j) Agreement

(1) Requirement for agreement

Any project to which this section applies (other than a project for hydroelectric power) shall be initiated only after non-Federal interests have entered into binding agreements with the Secretary to pay 100 percent of the operation, maintenance, and replacement and rehabilitation costs of the project, to pay the non-Federal share of the costs of construction required by this section, and to hold and save the United States free from damages due to the construction or operation and maintenance of the project, except for damages due to the fault or negligence of the United States or its contractors.

(2) Elements of agreement

The agreement required pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be in accordance with the requirements of section 1962d–5b of title 42 and shall provide for the rights and duties of the United States and the non-Federal interest with respect to the construction, operation, and maintenance of the project, including, but not limited to, provisions specifying that, in the event the non-Federal interest fails to provide the required non-Federal share of costs for such work, the Secretary—

(A) shall terminate or suspend work on the project unless the Secretary determines that continuation of the work is in the interest of the United States or is necessary in order to satisfy agreements with other non-Federal interests in connection with the project; and

(B) may terminate or adjust the rights and privileges of the non-Federal interest to project outputs under the terms of the agreement.

(k) Payment options

Except as otherwise provided in this section, the Secretary may permit the full non-Federal contribution to be made without interest during construction of the project or separable element, or with interest at a rate determined pursuant to section 2216 of this title over a period of not more than thirty years from the date of completion of the project or separable element. Repayment contracts shall provide for recalculation of the interest rate at five-year intervals.

(l) Delay of initial payment

At the request of any non-Federal interest the Secretary may permit such non-Federal interest to delay the initial payment of any non-Federal contribution under this section or section 2211 of this title for up to one year after the date when construction is begun on the project for which such contribution is to be made. Any such delay in initial payment shall be subject to interest charges for up to six months at a rate determined pursuant to section 2216 of this title.

(m) Ability to pay

(1) In general

Any cost-sharing agreement under this section for a feasibility study, or for construction of an environmental protection and restoration project, a flood control project, a project for navigation, storm damage protection, shoreline erosion, hurricane protection, or recreation, or an agricultural water supply project, shall be subject to the ability of the non-Federal interest to pay.

(2) Criteria and procedures

The ability of a non-Federal interest to pay shall be determined by the Secretary in accordance with criteria and procedures in effect under paragraph (3) on the day before December 11, 2000; except that such criteria and procedures shall be revised, and new criteria and procedures shall be developed, not later than December 31, 2007, to reflect the requirements of such paragraph (3).

(3) Revision of criteria and procedures

In revising criteria and procedures pursuant to paragraph (2), the Secretary—

(A) shall consider—

(i) per capita income data for the county or counties in which the project is to be located; and

(ii) the per capita non-Federal cost of construction of the project for the county or counties in which the project is to be located; and

(B) may consider additional criteria relating to the non-Federal interest's financial ability to carry out its cost-sharing responsibilities, to the extent that the application of such criteria does not eliminate areas from eligibility for a reduction in the non-Federal share as determined under subparagraph (A).

(4) Non-Federal share

Notwithstanding subsection (a), the Secretary may reduce the requirement that a non-Federal interest make a cash contribution for any project that is determined to be eligible for a reduction in the non-Federal share under criteria and procedures in effect under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3).

(n) Non-Federal contributions

(1) Prohibition on solicitation of excess contributions

The Secretary may not—

(A) solicit contributions from non-Federal interests for costs of constructing authorized water resources projects or measures in excess of the non-Federal share assigned to the appropriate project purposes listed in subsections (a), (b), and (c); or

(B) condition Federal participation in such projects or measures on the receipt of such contributions.

(2) Limitation on statutory construction

Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to affect the Secretary's authority under section 903(c).¹

(Pub. L. 99–662, title I, §103, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4084; Pub. L. 101–640, title III, §305(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4635; Pub. L. 102–580, title II, §201(a), title III, §333(b)(2), Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4825, 4852; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §§202(a)(1)(A), (2), (b)(1), 210(a), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3673, 3681; Pub. L. 106–53, title II, §§215(a), 219(c), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 292, 295; Pub. L. 106–109, §5, Nov. 24, 1999, 113 Stat. 1495; Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §204, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2589; Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §§2001, 2019(a), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1067, 1078.)

References in Text

Public Law 98–8, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), is Pub. L. 98–8, Mar. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 13. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section 202 of Public Law 96–367, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), is section 202 of Pub. L. 96–367, title II, Oct. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 1339, which is not classified to the Code.

This Act, referred to in subsecs. (f) and (h), is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, as amended, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

The Flood Control Act of 1946, referred to in subsec. (g)(2)(A), is act July 24, 1946, ch. 596, 60 Stat. 641, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Public Law 99–88, referred to in subsec. (g)(2)(B), is Pub. L. 99–88, Aug. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 293, known as the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1985. Provisions of Pub. L. 99–88 authorizing the project for Eight Mile Creek, Arkansas, are not classified to the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Flood Control Act approved August 18, 1941, referred to in subsec. (g)(2)(C), is act Aug. 18, 1941, ch. 377, 55 Stat. 638. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section 903(c), referred to in subsec. (n)(2), is section 903(c) of Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4184, which is not classified to the Code.

Amendments

2007—Subsec. (m)(2). Pub. L. 110–114, §2019(a), substituted "December 31, 2007" for "180 days after December 11, 2000".

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 110–114, §2001, added subsec. (n).

2000—Subsec. (m)(1), (2). Pub. L. 106–541, §204(1), added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which required any cost-sharing agreement to be subject to the ability of a non-Federal interest to pay and required the Secretary to determine ability to pay using certain criteria and procedures.

Subsec. (m)(3)(B), (C). Pub. L. 106–541, §204(2), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "shall not consider criteria (other than criteria described in subparagraph (A)) in effect on the day before October 12, 1996; and".

1999—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–53, §219(c)(1), which directed insertion of the par. (1) designation and heading before "The non-Federal", was executed by making the insertion before that phrase the first place it appeared to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–53, §219(c)(2), added par. (2).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–53, §215(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 106–109 substituted "except for a project for which a District Engineer's Report is completed by that date," for "or for which a feasibility study is completed after that date,".

1996—Subsecs. (a)(2), (b). Pub. L. 104–303, §202(a)(1)(A), substituted "35 percent" for "25 percent" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 104–303, §210(a), added par. (7).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 104–303, §202(a)(2), inserted at end "For the purpose of the preceding sentence, physical construction shall be considered to be initiated on the date of the award of a construction contract."

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 104–303, §202(b)(1), reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Any cost-sharing agreement under this section for flood control or agricultural water supply shall be subject to the ability of a non-Federal interest to pay. The ability of any non-Federal interest to pay shall be determined by the Secretary in accordance with procedures established by the Secretary."

1992—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–580, §333(b)(2), substituted "Except as provided under section 2283(c) of this title, the non-Federal" for "The non-Federal".

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 102–580, §201(a), amended subsec. (m) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (m) read as follows:

"(1) General rule.—Any cost-sharing agreement under this section for flood control or agricultural water supply shall be subject to the ability of a non-Federal interest to pay.

"(2) Procedures.—

"(A) In general.—The ability of any non-Federal interest to pay shall be determined by the Secretary in accordance with procedures established by the Secretary.

"(B) Limitations.—The procedures established pursuant to this subsection shall provide for a reduction in any non-Federal cash contribution required under subsection (a)(2) of this section. In addition, such procedures shall provide for determination of the eligibility of the non-Federal interest for a reduction in the required cash contribution on the basis of local, not statewide, economic and financial data.

"(C) Regulations.—Not later than 1 year after November 28, 1990, the Secretary shall issue regulations establishing the procedures required by this paragraph."

1990—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 101–640 amended subsec. (m) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (m) read as follows: "Any cost-sharing agreement under this section for flood control or agricultural water supply shall be subject to the ability of a non-Federal interest to pay. The ability of any non-Federal interest to pay shall be determined by the Secretary in accordance with procedures established by the Secretary."

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §202(a)(1)(B), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3673, provided that: "The amendments made by subparagraph (A) [amending this section] shall apply to any project authorized after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 12, 1996] and to any flood control project that is not specifically authorized by Congress for which a Detailed Project Report is approved after such date of enactment or, in the case of a project for which no Detailed Project Report is prepared, construction is initiated after such date of enactment."

Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §202(b)(2), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3674, provided that:

"(A) Generally.—Subject to subparagraph (C), the amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to any project, or separable element thereof, with respect to which the Secretary and the non-Federal interest enter into a project cooperation agreement after December 31, 1997.

"(B) Amendment of cooperation agreement.—If requested by the non-Federal interest, the Secretary shall amend a project cooperation agreement executed on or before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 12, 1996] to reflect the application of the amendment made by paragraph (1) to any project for which a contract for construction has not been awarded on or before such date of enactment.

"(C) Non-federal option.—If requested by the non-Federal interest, the Secretary shall apply the criteria and procedures established pursuant to section 103(m) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 [subsec. (m) of this section] as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act for projects that are authorized before the date of the enactment of this Act."

[Reference to "project cooperation agreement" deemed to be reference to "project partnership agreement", see section 2003(f)(2) of Pub. L. 110–114, set out as a note under section 1962d–5b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.]

Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §210(b), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3681, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] apply only to projects authorized after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 12, 1996]."

Continuation of Existing Regulations

Pub. L. 101–640, title III, §305(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4635, provided that: "Regulations issued to carry out section 103(m) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 [33 U.S.C. 2213(m)] before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990] and in effect on such date shall continue in effect until regulations are issued pursuant to paragraph (2)(C) of such section, as added by subsection (a) of this section."

Reports to Congress

Pub. L. 100–71, title I, July 11, 1987, 101 Stat. 401, provided that: "The Secretary of the Army shall file a report with the appropriate committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate within ninety days after a written request is made pursuant to the provisions of subsection (m) of section 103 of Public Law 99–662 [33 U.S.C. 2213(m)] indicating the action taken on the request. In addition, the Secretary of the Army shall file a report with the appropriate committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate within ninety days after enactment of this Act [July 11, 1987] listing any project or study falling under the provisions of subsection (e)(1) of section 103 of Public Law 99–662."

¹ See References in Text note below.

§2214. General credit for flood control

(a) Guidelines

Within one year after November 17, 1986, the Secretary shall issue guidelines to carry out this section, consistent with the principles and guidelines on project formulation. The guidelines shall include criteria for determining whether work carried out by non-Federal interests is compatible with a project for flood control and procedures for making such determinations. The guidelines under this section shall be promulgated after notice in the Federal Register and opportunity for comment.

(b) Analysis of costs and benefits

The guidelines established under subsection (a) shall provide for the Secretary to consider, in analyzing the costs and benefits of a proposed project for flood control, the costs and benefits produced by any flood control work carried out by non-Federal interests that the Secretary determines to be compatible with the project. For purposes of the preceding sentence the Secretary may consider only work carried out after the date which is 5 years before the first obligation of funds for the reconnaissance study for such project. In no case may work which was carried out more than 5 years before November 17, 1986, be considered under this subsection, unless otherwise provided in this Act.

(c) Crediting of non-Federal share

The guidelines established under subsection (a) shall provide for crediting the cost of work carried out by the non-Federal interests against the non-Federal share of the cost of an authorized project for flood control as follows:

(1) Work which is carried out after the end of the reconnaissance study and before the submission to Congress of the final report of the Chief of Engineers on the project and which is determined by the Secretary to be compatible with the project shall be included as part of the project and shall be recommended by the Secretary in the final report for credit against the non-Federal share of the cost of the project.

(2) Work which is carried out after submission of the final report of the Chief of Engineers to Congress and which is determined by the Secretary to be compatible with the project shall be considered as part of the project and shall be credited by the Secretary against the non-Federal share of the cost of the project in accordance with the guidelines promulgated pursuant to subsection (a).

In no event may work which was carried out more than 5 years before November 17, 1986, be considered under this subsection, unless otherwise provided in this Act.

(d) Procedure for work done before November 17, 1986

The Secretary shall consider, under subsections (b) and (c), work carried out before November 17, 1986, by non-Federal interests on a project for flood control, if the non-Federal interests apply to the Secretary for consideration of such work not later than March 31, 1987. The Secretary shall make determinations under subsections (b) and (c) with respect to such work not later than 6 months after guidelines are issued under subsection (a).

(e) Procedure for work done after November 17, 1986

The Secretary shall consider work carried out after November 17, 1986, by non-Federal interests on a project for flood control under subsections (b) and (c) in accordance with the guidelines issued under subsection (a). The guidelines shall require prior approval by the Secretary of any flood control work carried out after November 17, 1986, in order to be considered under this section, taking into account the economic and environmental feasibility of the project.

(f) Limitation not applicable

Any flood control work included as part of the non-Federal share of the cost of a project under this section shall not be subject to the limitation contained in the last sentence of section 1962d–5a(a) of title 42.

(g) Cash contribution not affected

Nothing in this section affects the requirement of section 2213(a)(1)(A) of this title.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title I, §104, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4087.)

References in Text

This Act, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (c), is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, as amended, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

§2215. Feasibility studies; planning, engineering, and design

(a) Feasibility studies

(1) Cost sharing

(A) In general

The Secretary shall not initiate any feasibility study for a water resources project after November 17, 1986, until appropriate non-Federal interests agree, by contract, to contribute 50 percent of the cost of the study.

(B) Payment of cost share during period of study

During the period of the study, the non-Federal share of the cost of the study payable under subparagraph (A) shall be 50 percent of the sum of—

(i) the cost estimate for the study as contained in the feasibility cost-sharing agreement; and

(ii) any excess of the cost of the study over the cost estimate if the excess results from—

(I) a change in Federal law; or

(II) a change in the scope of the study requested by the non-Federal interests.

(C) Payment of cost share on authorization of project or termination of study

(i) Project timely authorized

Except as otherwise agreed to by the Secretary and the non-Federal interests and subject to clause (ii), the non-Federal share of any excess of the cost of the study over the cost estimate (excluding any excess cost described in subparagraph (B)(ii)) shall be payable on the date on which the Secretary and the non-Federal interests enter into an agreement pursuant to section 2211(e) or 2213(j) of this title with respect to the project.

(ii) Project not timely authorized

If the project that is the subject of the study is not authorized by the date that is 5 years after the completion of the final report of the Chief of Engineers concerning the study or the date that is 2 years after the termination of the study, the non-Federal share of any excess of the cost of the study over the cost estimate (excluding any excess cost described in subparagraph (B)(ii)) shall be payable to the United States on that date.

(D) Amendment of cost estimate

The cost estimate referred to in subparagraph (B)(i) may be amended only by agreement of the Secretary and the non-Federal interests.

(E) In-kind contributions

The non-Federal share required under this paragraph may be satisfied by the provision of services, materials, supplies, or other in-kind services necessary to prepare the feasibility report.

(2) Applicability

This subsection shall not apply to any water resources study primarily designed for the purposes of navigational improvements in the nature of dams, locks, and channels on the Nation's system of inland waterways.

(3) Detailed project reports

The requirements of this subsection that apply to a feasibility study also shall apply to a study that results in a detailed project report, except that—

(A) the first $100,000 of the costs of a study that results in a detailed project report shall be a Federal expense; and

(B) paragraph (1)(C)(ii) shall not apply to such a study.

(b) Planning and engineering

The Secretary shall not initiate any planning or engineering for a water resources project until appropriate non-Federal interests agree, by contract, to contribute 50 percent of the cost of the planning and engineering during the period of the planning and engineering. Costs of planning and engineering of projects for which non-Federal interests contributed 50 percent of the cost of the feasibility study shall be treated as costs of construction.

(c) Design

Costs of design of a water resources project shall be shared in the same percentage as the purposes of such project.

(d) Definitions

In this section, the following definitions apply:

(1) Detailed project report

The term "detailed project report" means a report for a project not specifically authorized by Congress in law or otherwise that determines the feasibility of the project with a level of detail appropriate to the scope and complexity of the recommended solution and sufficient to proceed directly to the preparation of contract plans and specifications. The term includes any associated environmental impact statement and mitigation plan. For a project for which the Federal cost does not exceed $1,000,000, the term includes a planning and design analysis document.

(2) Feasibility study

The term "feasibility study" means a study that results in a feasibility report under section 2282 of this title, and any associated environmental impact statement and mitigation plan, prepared by the Corps of Engineers for a water resources project. The term includes a study that results in a project implementation report prepared under title VI of the Water Resources Development Act of 2000 (114 Stat. 2680–2694), a general reevaluation report, and a limited reevaluation report.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title I, §105, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4088; Pub. L. 101–640, title III, §301, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4633; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §203(a), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3677; Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §225, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2598; Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2043(a), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1101.)

References in Text

The Water Resources Development Act of 2000, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is Pub. L. 106–541, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2572. Title VI of the Act is not classified to the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2000 Amendment note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2007—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 110–114, §2043(a)(1), added par. (3).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–114, §2043(a)(2), struck out "authorized by this Act" before "for a water resources project".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–114, §2043(a)(3), added subsec. (d).

2000—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 106–541 substituted "The" for "Not more than ½ of the".

1996—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–303, §203(a)(1), inserted heading and amended text of par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment text read as follows: "The Secretary shall not initiate any feasibility study for a water resources project after November 17, 1986, until appropriate non-Federal interests agree, by contract, to contribute 50 percent of the cost for such study during the period of such study. Not more than one-half of such non-Federal contribution may be made by the provision of services, materials, supplies, or other in-kind services necessary to prepare the feasibility report."

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–303, §203(a)(2), inserted heading.

1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–640 inserted at end "Costs of planning and engineering of projects for which non-Federal interests contributed 50 percent of the cost of the feasibility study shall be treated as costs of construction."

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §203(b), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3678, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply notwithstanding any feasibility cost-sharing agreement entered into by the Secretary and the non-Federal interests. On request of the non-Federal interest, the Secretary shall amend any feasibility cost-sharing agreements in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 12, 1996] so as to conform the agreements with the amendments."

No Requirement of Reimbursement

Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §203(c), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3678, provided that: "Nothing in this section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out above] or any amendment made by this section requires the Secretary to reimburse the non-Federal interests for funds previously contributed for a study."

§2216. Rate of interest

Whenever a non-Federal interest is required or elects to repay an amount under this Act over a period of time, the amount to be repaid shall include interest at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the average market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States with remaining periods to maturity comparable to the reimbursement period, during the month preceding the fiscal year in which costs for the construction of the project are first incurred (or in the case of recalculation the fiscal year in which the recalculation is made), plus a premium of one-eighth of one percentage point for transaction costs; except that such rates for hydroelectric power shall be in accordance with existing law.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title I, §106, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4089.)

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, as amended, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

§2217. Limitation on applicability of certain provisions in reports

If any provision in any report designated by this Act recommends that a State contribute in cash 5 percent of the construction costs allocated to non-vendible project purposes and 10 percent of the construction costs allocated to vendible project purposes, such provision shall not apply to the project recommended in such report.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title I, §107, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4089.)

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, as amended, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

§2218. General applicability of cost sharing

Unless otherwise specified, the cost sharing provisions of this subchapter shall apply to all projects in this Act. The Federal share of any cost of a project authorized by this Act for which cost a Federal share is not established in this subchapter, shall be the share of such cost otherwise provided by law.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title I, §108, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4089.)

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, as amended, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

§2219. Definitions

For purposes of this subchapter, terms shall have the meanings given by section 2241 of this title.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title I, §109, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4089.)

§2220. Rivers and harbors and other waterways projects for benefit of navigation, flood control, hurricane protection, beach erosion control, and other purposes

(a) Congressional declaration of policy; purchase of indebtedness and loans to local interests to meet contribution requirements

In the prosecution of projects for rivers and harbors and other waterways for the benefit of navigation, the control of destructive flood waters, hurricane protection, beach erosion control, and for other purposes, authorized to be prosecuted under the direction of the Secretary of the Army under the supervision of the Chief of Engineers in accordance with plans adopted and authorized by the Congress, it is hereby declared to be the policy of the Congress, that whenever such projects are located wholly or partially within an area which is eligible for financial assistance under the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 [42 U.S.C. 3121 et seq.], the Secretary of Commerce is authorized to purchase evidences of indebtedness and to make loans for a period not exceeding fifty years to enable responsible local interests to meet the requirements of local cooperation pertaining to contributions toward the cost of construction of such projects within such areas.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, not to exceed $10,000,000 per fiscal year for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, and for each fiscal year thereafter through and including the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970.

(Pub. L. 89–298, title II, §217, Oct. 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 1088.)

References in Text

The Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 89–136, Aug. 26, 1965, 79 Stat. 552, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 38 (§3121 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3121 of Title 42 and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3142a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section was not enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

§2221. Cost limitations on projects

Beginning in fiscal year 2006 and thereafter, agreements proposed for execution by the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works or the United States Army Corps of Engineers after November 19, 2005, pursuant to section 560 of this title; section 561 ¹ of this title; the Civil Functions Appropriations Act, 1936, Public Law 75–208 ¹ ; section 1962d–5a of title 42; sections 2214, 2231, and 2232 of this title; section 426i–1 ¹ of this title; section 701b–13 ¹ of this title; and any other specific project authority, shall be limited to total credits and reimbursements for all applicable projects not to exceed $100,000,000 in each fiscal year.

(Pub. L. 109–103, title I, §102, Nov. 19, 2005, 119 Stat. 2253.)

References in Text

Section 561 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1166(c), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3798.

The Civil Functions Appropriations Act, 1936, Public Law 75–208, referred to in text, may mean the War Department Civil Appropriation Act, 1938, act July 19, 1937, ch. 511, 50 Stat. 515, 518, which amended act June 22, 1936, ch. 688, §5, by adding the proviso classified to section 701h of this title.

Sections 426i–1 and 701b–13 of this title, referred to in text, were repealed by Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1014(c)(2), (3), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1222.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 2006, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 108–447, div. C, title I, §101, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2941; Pub. L. 109–13, div. A, title VI, §6005, May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 282.

Pub. L. 108–137, title I, §101, Dec. 1, 2003, 117 Stat. 1833.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. D, title I, §101, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 138.

Pub. L. 107–66, title I, §103, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 493.

Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(2) [title I, §102], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A-65.

Pub. L. 106–60, title I, §102, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 487.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§2222. Use of other Federal funds

The non-Federal interest for a water resources study or project may use, and the Secretary shall accept, funds provided by a Federal agency under any other Federal program, to satisfy, in whole or in part, the non-Federal share of the cost of the study or project if the Federal agency that provides the funds determines that the funds are authorized to be used to carry out the study or project.

(Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2007, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1073.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2007, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 110–114, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2223. Transfer of excess credit

(a) Application of credit

(1) In general

Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary may apply credit for in-kind contributions provided by a non-Federal interest that are in excess of the required non-Federal cost share for a water resources development study or project toward the required non-Federal cost share for a different water resources development study or project.

(2) Application prior to completion of project

On request of a non-Federal interest, the credit described in paragraph (1) may be applied prior to completion of a study or project, if the credit amount is verified by the Secretary.

(b) Restrictions

(1) In general

Except for subsection (a)(4)(D)(i) of that section, the requirements of section 1962d–5b of title 42 (as amended by section 1018(a)) shall apply to any credit under this section.

(2) Conditions

Credit in excess of the non-Federal share for a study or project may be approved under this section only if—

(A) the non-Federal interest submits a comprehensive plan to the Secretary that identifies—

(i) the studies and projects for which the non-Federal interest intends to provide in-kind contributions for credit that are in excess of the non-Federal cost share for the study or project; and

(ii) the authorized studies and projects to which that excess credit would be applied;

(B) the Secretary approves the comprehensive plan; and

(C) the total amount of credit does not exceed the total non-Federal share for the studies and projects in the approved comprehensive plan.

(c) Additional criteria

In evaluating a request to apply credit in excess of the non-Federal share for a study or project toward a different study or project, the Secretary shall consider whether applying that credit will—

(1) help to expedite the completion of a project or group of projects;

(2) reduce costs to the Federal Government; and

(3) aid the completion of a project that provides significant flood risk reduction or environmental benefits.

(d) Termination of authority

The authority provided in this section shall terminate 10 years after June 10, 2014.

(e) Report

(1) Deadlines

(A) In general

Not later than 2 years after June 10, 2014, and once every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and make publicly available an interim report on the use of the authority under this section.

(B) Final report

Not later than 10 years after June 10, 2014, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and make publicly available a final report on the use of the authority under this section.

(2) Inclusions

The reports described in paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) a description of the use of the authority under this section during the reporting period;

(B) an assessment of the impact of the authority under this section on the time required to complete projects; and

(C) an assessment of the impact of the authority under this section on other water resources projects.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1020, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1227; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1166, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1670.)

References in Text

Section 1018(a), referred to in subsec. (b)(1), means section 1018(a) of Pub. L. 113–121.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–322 substituted "Application of credit" for "In general" in subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted par. (1) heading, and added par. (2).

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2224. Crediting authority for federally authorized navigation projects

A non-Federal interest may carry out operation and maintenance activities for an authorized navigation project, subject to the condition that the non-Federal interest complies with all Federal laws and regulations applicable to such operation and maintenance activities, and may receive credit for the costs incurred by the non-Federal interest in carrying out such activities towards the share of construction costs of that non-Federal interest for another element of the same project or another authorized navigation project, except that in no instance may such credit exceed 20 percent of the total costs associated with construction of the general navigation features of the project for which such credit may be applied pursuant to this section.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1021, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1228.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

§2225. Credit or reimbursement

(a) Requests for credits

With respect to an authorized flood damage reduction project, or separable element thereof, that has been constructed by a non-Federal interest under section 701b–13 ¹ of this title, or an authorized coastal navigation project that has been constructed by the Corps of Engineers pursuant to section 561 of this title before October 23, 2018, the Secretary may provide to the non-Federal interest, at the request of the non-Federal interest, a credit in an amount equal to the estimated Federal share of the cost of the project or separable element, in lieu of providing to the non-Federal interest a reimbursement in that amount or reimbursement of funds of an equivalent amount, subject to the availability of appropriations.

(b) Application of credits

At the request of the non-Federal interest, the Secretary may apply all or a portion of such credit to the share of the cost of the non-Federal interest of carrying out other flood damage reduction and coastal navigation projects or studies.

(c) Application of reimbursement

At the request of the non-Federal interest, the Secretary may apply such funds, subject to the availability of appropriations, equal to the share of the cost of the non-Federal interest of carrying out other flood damage reduction and coastal navigation projects or studies.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1022, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1228; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1171, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1671; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1136(a), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3783.)

References in Text

Section 701b–13 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was repealed by Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1014(c)(3), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1222.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–270 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to credit in lieu of reimbursement.

2016—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–322, §1171(1), substituted "for which a written agreement with the Corps of Engineers for construction was finalized on or before December 31, 2014, under section 701b–13 of this title (as it existed before the repeal made by section 1014(c)(3))" for "that has been constructed by a non-Federal interest under section 701b–13 of this title before June 10, 2014".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–322, §1171(2), substituted "non-Federal share of the cost of carrying out other water resources development projects or studies of the non-Federal interest" for "share of the cost of the non-Federal interest of carrying out other flood damage reduction projects or studies".

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§2226. Water resources projects on Federal land

(a) In general

Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary may carry out an authorized water resources development project on Federal land that is under the administrative jurisdiction of another Federal agency where the cost of the acquisition of such Federal land has been paid for by the non-Federal interest for the project.

(b) MOU required

The Secretary may carry out a project pursuant to subsection (a) only after the non-Federal interest has entered into a memorandum of understanding with the Federal agency that includes such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines to be necessary.

(c) Applicability

Nothing in this section alters any non-Federal cost-sharing requirements for the project.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1025, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1229.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2227. Clarification of impacts to other Federal facilities

In any case where the modification or construction of a water resources development project carried out by the Secretary adversely impacts other Federal facilities, the Secretary may accept from other Federal agencies such funds as may be necessary to address the adverse impact, including by removing, relocating, or reconstructing those facilities.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1026, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1229.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

SUBCHAPTER II—HARBOR DEVELOPMENT

§2231. Study of water resources development projects by non-Federal interests

(a) Submission to Secretary

(1) In general

A non-Federal interest may undertake a federally authorized feasibility study of a proposed water resources development project and submit the study to the Secretary.

(2) Guidelines

To assist non-Federal interests, the Secretary, as soon as practicable, shall issue guidelines for feasibility studies of water resources development projects to provide sufficient information for the formulation of the studies.

(b) Review by Secretary

The Secretary shall review each feasibility study received under subsection (a)(1) for the purpose of determining whether or not the study, and the process under which the study was developed, each comply with Federal laws and regulations applicable to feasibility studies of water resources development projects.

(c) Submission to Congress

(1) Review and submission of studies to Congress

Not later than 180 days after the date of receipt of a feasibility study of a project under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that describes—

(A) the results of the Secretary's review of the study under subsection (b), including a determination of whether the project is feasible;

(B) any recommendations the Secretary may have concerning the plan or design of the project; and

(C) any conditions the Secretary may require for construction of the project.

(2) Limitation

The completion of the review by the Secretary of a feasibility study that has been submitted under subsection (a)(1) may not be delayed as a result of consideration being given to changes in policy or priority with respect to project consideration.

(d) Credit

If a project for which a feasibility study has been submitted under subsection (a)(1) is authorized by a Federal law enacted after the date of the submission to Congress under subsection (c), the Secretary shall credit toward the non-Federal share of the cost of construction of the project an amount equal to the portion of the cost of developing the study that would have been the responsibility of the United States if the study had been developed by the Secretary.

(e) Review and technical assistance

(1) Review

The Secretary may accept and expend funds provided by non-Federal interests to undertake reviews, inspections, certifications, and other activities that are the responsibility of the Secretary in carrying out this section.

(2) Technical assistance

At the request of a non-Federal interest, the Secretary shall provide to the non-Federal interest technical assistance relating to any aspect of a feasibility study if the non-Federal interest contracts with the Secretary to pay all costs of providing such technical assistance.

(3) Limitation

Funds provided by non-Federal interests under this subsection shall not be eligible for credit under subsection (d) or reimbursement.

(4) Impartial decisionmaking

In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall ensure that the use of funds accepted from a non-Federal interest will not affect the impartial decisionmaking of the Secretary, either substantively or procedurally.

(5) Savings provision

The provision of technical assistance by the Secretary under paragraph (2)—

(A) shall not be considered to be an approval or endorsement of the feasibility study; and

(B) shall not affect the responsibilities of the Secretary under subsections (b) and (c).

(Pub. L. 99–662, title II, §203, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4098; Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1014(a), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1219; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1126, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1648; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1152, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3788.)

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–270, §1152(1), inserted "federally authorized" before "feasibility study".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–270, §1152(2), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Not later than 180 days after the date of receipt of a feasibility study of a project under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that describes—

"(1) the results of the Secretary's review of the study under subsection (b), including a determination of whether the project is feasible;

"(2) any recommendations the Secretary may have concerning the plan or design of the project; and

"(3) any conditions the Secretary may require for construction of the project."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–270, §1152(3), amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows "At the request of a non-Federal interest, the Secretary may provide to the non-Federal interest technical assistance relating to any aspect of a feasibility study if the non-Federal interest contracts with the Secretary to pay all costs of providing such technical assistance.".

2016—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–322 added subsec. (e).

2014—Pub. L. 113–121 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to studies of projects by non-Federal interests.

Short Title

For short title of title II of Pub. L. 99–662, enacting this subchapter, as the Harbor Development and Navigation Improvement Act of 1986, see section 215 of Pub. L. 99–662, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2232. Construction of water resources development projects by non-Federal interests

(a) Water resources development project defined

In this section, the term "water resources development project" means a project recommendation that results from—

(1) a feasibility report, as such term is defined in section 2282d(f) ¹ of this title;

(2) a completed feasibility study developed under section 2231 of this title; or

(3) a final feasibility study for water resources development and conservation and other purposes that is specifically authorized by Congress to be carried out by the Secretary.

(b) Authority

(1) In general

A non-Federal interest may carry out a federally authorized water resources development project, or separable element thereof—

(A) in accordance with a plan approved by the Secretary for the project or separable element; and

(B) subject to any conditions that the Secretary may require, including any conditions specified under section 2231(c)(3) of this title.

(2) Conditions

Before carrying out a water resources development project, or separable element thereof, under this section, a non-Federal interest shall—

(A) obtain any permit or approval required in connection with the project or separable element under Federal or State law, except as provided in paragraph (3); and

(B) ensure that a final environmental impact statement or environmental assessment, as appropriate, for the project or separable element has been filed.

(3) Permit exception

(A) In general

For a project described in subsection (a)(1) or subsection (a)(3), or a separable element thereof, with respect to which a written agreement described in subparagraph (B) has been entered into, a non-Federal interest that carries out a project under this section shall not be required to obtain any Federal permits or approvals that would not be required if the Secretary carried out the project or separable element unless significant new circumstances or information relevant to environmental concerns or compliance have arisen since development of the project recommendation.

(B) Written agreement

For purposes of this paragraph, a written agreement shall provide that the non-Federal interest shall comply with the same legal and technical requirements that would apply if the project or separable element were carried out by the Secretary, including all mitigation required to offset environmental impacts of the project or separable element as determined by the Secretary.

(C) Certifications

Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), if a non-Federal interest carrying out a project under this section would, in the absence of a written agreement entered into under this paragraph, be required to obtain a certification from a State under Federal law to carry out the project, such certification shall still be required if a written agreement is entered into with respect to the project under this paragraph.

(4) Data sharing

(A) In general

If a non-Federal interest for a water resources development project begins to carry out that water resources development project under this section, the non-Federal interest may request that the Secretary transfer to the non-Federal interest all relevant data and documentation under the control of the Secretary with respect to that water resources development project.

(B) Deadline

Except as provided in subparagraph (C), the Secretary shall transfer the data and documentation requested by a non-Federal interest under subparagraph (A) not later than the date that is 90 days after the date on which the non-Federal interest so requests such data and documentation.

(C) Limitation

Nothing in this paragraph obligates the Secretary to share any data or documentation that the Secretary considers to be proprietary information.

(c) Studies and engineering

(1) In general

When requested by an appropriate non-Federal interest, the Secretary shall undertake all necessary studies, engineering, and technical assistance on construction for any project to be undertaken under subsection (b), and provide technical assistance in obtaining all necessary permits for the construction, if the non-Federal interest contracts with the Secretary to furnish the United States funds for the studies, engineering, or technical assistance on construction in the period during which the studies, engineering, or technical assistance on construction are being conducted.

(2) No waiver

Nothing in this section may be construed to waive any requirement of section 3142 of title 40.

(3) Limitation

Funds provided by non-Federal interests under this subsection shall not be eligible for credit or reimbursement under subsection (d).

(4) Impartial decisionmaking

In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall ensure that the use of funds accepted from a non-Federal interest will not affect the impartial decisionmaking of the Secretary, either substantively or procedurally.

(d) Credit or reimbursement

(1) General rule

Subject to paragraph (3), a project or separable element of a project carried out by a non-Federal interest under this section shall be eligible for credit or reimbursement for the Federal share of work carried out on a project or separable element of a project if—

(A) before initiation of construction of the project or separable element—

(i) the Secretary approves the plans for construction of the project or separable element of the project by the non-Federal interest;

(ii) the Secretary determines, before approval of the plans, that the project or separable element of the project is feasible; and

(iii) the non-Federal interest enters into a written agreement with the Secretary under section 1962d–5b of title 42, including an agreement to pay the non-Federal share, if any, of the cost of operation and maintenance of the project; and

(B) the Secretary determines that all Federal laws and regulations applicable to the construction of a water resources development project, and any conditions identified under subsection (b)(1)(B), were complied with by the non-Federal interest during construction of the project or separable element of the project.

(2) Application of credit

The Secretary may apply credit toward—

(A) the non-Federal share of authorized separable elements of the same project; or

(B) subject to the requirements of this section and section 2223 of this title, at the request of the non-Federal interest, the non-Federal share of a different water resources development project.

(3) Requirements

The Secretary may only apply credit or provide reimbursement under paragraph (1) if—

(A) Congress has authorized construction of the project or separable element of the project;

(B) the Secretary certifies that the project has been constructed in accordance with—

(i) all applicable permits or approvals; and

(ii) this section; and

(C) in the case of reimbursement, appropriations are provided by Congress for such purpose.

(4) Monitoring

The Secretary shall regularly monitor and audit any water resources development project, or separable element of a water resources development project, constructed by a non-Federal interest under this section to ensure that—

(A) the construction is carried out in compliance with the requirements of this section; and

(B) the costs of the construction are reasonable.

(5) Discrete segments

(A) In general

The Secretary may authorize credit or reimbursement under this subsection for carrying out a discrete segment of a federally authorized water resources development project, or separable element thereof, before final completion of the project or separable element if—

(i) except as provided in clause (ii), the Secretary determines that the discrete segment satisfies the requirements of paragraphs (1) through (4) in the same manner as the project or separable element; and

(ii) notwithstanding paragraph (1)(A)(ii), the Secretary determines, before the approval of the plans under paragraph (1)(A)(i), that the discrete segment is technically feasible and environmentally acceptable.

(B) Determination

Credit or reimbursement may not be made available to a non-Federal interest pursuant to this paragraph until the Secretary determines that—

(i) the construction of the discrete segment for which credit or reimbursement is requested is complete; and

(ii) the construction is consistent with the authorization of the applicable water resources development project, or separable element thereof, and the plans approved under paragraph (1)(A)(i).

(C) Written agreement

(i) In general

As part of the written agreement required under paragraph (1)(A)(iii), a non-Federal interest to be eligible for credit or reimbursement under this paragraph shall—

(I) identify any discrete segment that the non-Federal interest may carry out; and

(II) agree to the completion of the water resources development project, or separable element thereof, with respect to which the discrete segment is a part and establish a timeframe for such completion.

(ii) Remittance

If a non-Federal interest fails to complete a water resources development project, or separable element thereof, that it agreed to complete under clause (i)(II), the non-Federal interest shall remit any reimbursements received under this paragraph for a discrete segment of such project or separable element.

(D) Discrete segment defined

In this paragraph, the term "discrete segment" means a physical portion of a water resources development project to be carried out, or separable element thereof—

(i) described by a non-Federal interest in a written agreement required under paragraph (1)(A)(iii); and

(ii) that the non-Federal interest can operate and maintain, independently and without creating a hazard, in advance of final completion of the water resources development project, or separable element thereof.

(e) Notification of committees

If a non-Federal interest notifies the Secretary that the non-Federal interest intends to carry out a project, or separable element thereof, under this section, the Secretary shall provide written notice to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives concerning the intent of the non-Federal interest.

(f) Operation and maintenance

Whenever a non-Federal interest carries out improvements to a federally authorized harbor or inland harbor, the Secretary shall be responsible for operation and maintenance in accordance with section 2211(b) of this title if—

(1) before construction of the improvements—

(A) the Secretary determines that the improvements are feasible and consistent with the purposes of this subchapter; and

(B) the Secretary and the non-Federal interest execute a written agreement relating to operation and maintenance of the improvements;

(2) the Secretary certifies that the project or separable element of the project is constructed in accordance with applicable permits and appropriate engineering and design standards; and

(3) the Secretary does not find that the project or separable element is no longer feasible.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title II, §204, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4099; Pub. L. 101–640, title III, §303, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4634; Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1014(b)(1), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1220; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1127, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1648; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1153, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3789.)

References in Text

Section 2282d(f) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was redesignated section 2282(g) of this title by Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1332(a)(3), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3834.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–270, §1153(1)(A), inserted "federally authorized" before "water resources development project" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115–270, §1153(1)(B), inserted ", except as provided in paragraph (3)" after "Federal or State law".

Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 115–270, §1153(1)(C), added pars. (3) and (4).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–270, §1153(2), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "When requested by an appropriate non-Federal interest, the Secretary may undertake all necessary studies and engineering for any construction to be undertaken under subsection (b), and provide technical assistance in obtaining all necessary permits for the construction, if the non-Federal interest contracts with the Secretary to furnish the United States funds for the studies, engineering, or technical assistance in the period during which the studies and engineering are being conducted."

Subsec. (d)(3)(C). Pub. L. 115–270, §1153(3)(A), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 115–270, §1153(3)(B)(i), substituted "water resources development" for "flood damage reduction" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d)(5)(A). Pub. L. 115–270, §1153(3)(B)(ii), substituted "for carrying out a discrete segment of a federally authorized" for "for a discrete segment of a" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(5)(D). Pub. L. 115–270, §1153(3)(B)(iii), inserted "to be carried out" after "project" in introductory provisions.

2016—Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 114–322 added par. (5).

2014—Pub. L. 113–121 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to construction of projects by non-Federal interests.

1990—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–640, §303(a), inserted after first sentence "The Secretary is further authorized to complete and transmit to the appropriate non-Federal interest any study for improvement to harbors or inland harbors of the United States that is initiated pursuant to section 577 of this title or, upon request of such non-Federal interest, to terminate such study and transmit such partially completed study to the non-Federal interest."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–640, §303(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (e), relating to operation and maintenance, as (f).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 101–640, §303(b)(2), (3), in introductory provisions inserted "including any small navigation project approved pursuant to section 577 of this title," after "or separable element thereof," and in subpar. (A) inserted "(or, in the case of a small navigation project, after completion of a favorable project report by the Corps of Engineers)" after "authorization of the project".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–640, §303(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (e), relating to operation and maintenance, as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–640, §303(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g).

Savings Provision

Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1014(d), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1222, provided that: "Nothing in this section [amending this section and section 2231 of this title, repealing sections 426i–1 and 701b–13 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under this section] may be construed to affect an agreement in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [June 10, 2014], or an agreement that is finalized between the Corps of Engineers and a non-Federal interest on or before December 31, 2014, under any of the following sections (as such sections were in effect on the day before such date of enactment):

"(1) Section 204 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2232).

"(2) Section 206 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1992 (33 U.S.C. 426i–1).

"(3) Section 211 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1996 (33 U.S.C. 701b–13)."

Preconstruction Engineering Design Demonstration Program

Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1176, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3801, provided that:

"(a) Definition of Environmental Impact Statement.—In this section, the term 'environmental impact statement' means the detailed written statement required under section 102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)).

"(b) Demonstration Program.—The Secretary [of the Army] shall establish a demonstration program to allow a project authorized to execute pursuant to [former] section 211 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1996 (33 U.S.C. 701b–13) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 (128 Stat. 1193) [June 10, 2014]) to begin preconstruction engineering and design on a determination by the Secretary that the project is technically feasible, economically justified, and environmentally acceptable.

"(c) Requirements.—For each project authorized to begin preconstruction engineering and design under subsection (b)—

"(1) the project shall conform to the feasibility study and the environmental impact statement approved by the Secretary; and

"(2) the Secretary and the non-Federal sponsor shall jointly agree to the construction design of the project.

"(d) Secretary Review of Potential Adverse Impacts.—When reviewing the feasibility study and the environmental impact statement for a project under subsection (b), the Secretary shall follow current USACE Policy, Regulations, and Guidance, to assess potential adverse downstream impacts to the Pearl River Basin. Upon completion of the Secretary's determination under subsection (b), the non-Federal sponsor shall design the project in a manner that addresses any potential adverse impacts or that provides mitigation in accordance with section 906 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2283).

"(e) Sunset.—The authority to carry out the demonstration program under this section shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 2018].

"(f) Savings Provision.—Nothing in this section supersedes, precludes, or affects any applicable requirements for a project under subsection (b) under—

"(1) section 906 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2283); or

"(2) the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.)."

Navigation Safety

Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1102, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1633, provided that: "The Secretary [of the Army] shall use section 5 of the Act of March 4, 1915 (38 Stat. 1053, chapter 142; 33 U.S.C. 562), to carry out navigation safety activities at those projects eligible for operation and maintenance under section 204(f) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2232(f))."

Operation and Maintenance of Certain Projects

Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1016, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1223, provided that: "The Secretary [of the Army] may assume responsibility for operation and maintenance in accordance with section 101(b) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2211(b)) (as amended by section 2102(b)) for improvements to a federally authorized harbor or inland harbor that are carried out by a non-Federal interest prior to December 31, 2014, if the Secretary determines that the requirements under paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 204(f) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2232(f)) are met."

Demonstration of Construction of Federal Project by Non-Federal Interests

Pub. L. 101–640, title IV, §404, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4646, which related to the demonstration of safety benefits and economic efficiencies of non-Federal management of harbor improvement projects, was repealed by Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1014(c)(1), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1222.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§2233. Coordination and scheduling of Federal, State, and local actions

(a) Notice of intent

The Secretary, on request from an appropriate non-Federal interest in the form of a written notice of intent to construct a navigation project for a harbor or inland harbor under section 2232 of this title or this section, shall initiate procedures to establish a schedule for consolidating Federal, State, and local agency environmental assessments, project reviews, and issuance of all permits for the construction of the project, including associated access channels, berthing areas, and onshore port-related facilities, before the initiation of construction. The non-Federal interest shall submit, with the notice of intent, studies and documentation, including environmental reviews, that may be required by Federal law for decisionmaking on the proposed project. A State shall not be required to participate in carrying out this section.

(b) Procedural requirements

Within 15 days after receipt of notice under subsection (a), the Secretary shall publish such notice in the Federal Register. The Secretary also shall provide written notification of the receipt of a notice under subsection (a) to all State and local agencies that may be required to issue permits for the construction of the project or related activities. The Secretary shall solicit the cooperation of those agencies and request their entry into a memorandum of agreement described in subsection (c). Within 30 days after publication of the notice in the Federal Register, State and local agencies that intend to enter into the memorandum of agreement shall notify the Secretary of their intent in writing.

(c) Scheduling agreement

Within 90 days after receipt of notice under subsection (a), the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Commerce, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and any State or local agencies that have notified the Secretary under subsection (b) shall enter into an agreement with the Secretary establishing a schedule of decisionmaking for approval of the project and permits associated with it and with related activities. Such schedule may not exceed two and one-half years from the date of the agreement.

(d) Contents of agreement

The agreement entered into under subsection (c), to the extent practicable, shall consolidate hearing and comment periods, procedures for data collection and report preparation, and the environmental review and permitting processes associated with the project and related activities. The agreement shall detail, to the extent possible, the non-Federal interest's responsibilities for data development and information that may be necessary to process each permit, including a schedule when the information and data will be provided to the appropriate Federal, State, or local agency.

(e) Preliminary decision

The agreement shall include a date by which the Secretary, taking into consideration the views of all affected Federal agencies, shall provide to the non-Federal interest in writing a preliminary determination whether the project and Federal permits associated with it are reasonably likely to receive approval.

(f) Revision of agreement

The Secretary may revise the agreement once to extend the schedule to allow the non-Federal interest the minimum amount of additional time necessary to revise its original application to meet the objections of a Federal, State, or local agency which is a party to the agreement.

(g) Progress reports

Six months before the final date of the schedule, the Secretary shall provide to Congress a written progress report for each navigation project for a harbor or inland harbor subject to this section. The Secretary shall transmit the report to the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate. The report shall summarize all work completed under the agreement and shall include a detailed work program that will assure completion of all remaining work under the agreement.

(h) Final decision

Not later than the final day of the schedule, the Secretary shall notify the non-Federal interest of the final decision on the project and whether the permit or permits have been issued.

(i) Report on timesavings methods

Not later than one year after November 17, 1986, the Secretary shall prepare and transmit to Congress a report estimating the time required for the issuance of all Federal, State, and local permits for the construction of navigation projects for harbors or inland harbors and associated activities. The Secretary shall include in that report recommendations for further reducing the amount of time required for the issuance of those permits, including any proposed changes in existing law.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title II, §205, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4101.)

Change of Name

Committee on Public Works and Transportation of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.

§2234. Nonapplicability to Saint Lawrence Seaway

Sections 2231, 2232, and 2233 of this title do not apply to any harbor or inland harbor project for that portion of the Saint Lawrence Seaway administered by the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title II, §206, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4102.)

§2235. Construction in usable increments

Any navigation project for a harbor or inland harbor authorized by this subchapter or any other provision of law enacted before, on, or after November 17, 1986, may be constructed in usable increments.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title II, §207, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4102.)

§2236. Port or harbor dues

(a) Consent of Congress

Subject to the following conditions, a non-Federal interest may levy port or harbor dues (in the form of tonnage duties or fees) on a vessel engaged in trade entering or departing from a harbor and on cargo loaded on or unloaded from that vessel under clauses 2 and 3 of section 10, and under clause 3 of section 8, of Article 1 of the Constitution:

(1) Purposes

Port or harbor dues may be levied only in conjunction with a harbor navigation project whose construction is complete (including a usable increment of the project) and for the following purposes and in amounts not to exceed those necessary to carry out those purposes:

(A)(i) to finance the non-Federal share of construction and operation and maintenance costs of a navigation project for a harbor under the requirements of section 2211 of this title; or

(ii) to finance the cost of construction and operation and maintenance of a navigation project for a harbor under section 2232 or 2233 of this title; and

(B) provide emergency response services in the harbor, including contingency planning, necessary personnel training, and the procurement of equipment and facilities.

(2) Limitation on port or harbor dues for emergency service

Port or harbor dues may not be levied for the purposes described in paragraph (1)(B) of this subsection after the dues cease to be levied for the purposes described in paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection.

(3) General limitations

(A) Port or harbor dues may not be levied under this section in conjunction with a deepening feature of a navigation improvement project on any vessel if that vessel, based on its design draft, could have utilized the project at mean low water before construction. In the case of project features which solely—

(i) widen channels or harbors,

(ii) create or enlarge bend easings, turning basins or anchorage areas, or provide protected areas, or

(iii) remove obstructions to navigation,

only vessels at least comparable in size to those used to justify these features may be charged under this section.

(B) In developing port or harbor dues that may be charged under this section on vessels for project features constructed under this subchapter, the non-Federal interest may consider such criteria as: elapsed time of passage, safety of passage, vessel economy of scale, under keel clearance, vessel draft, vessel squat, vessel speed, sinkage, and trim.

(C) Port or harbor dues authorized by this section shall not be imposed on—

(i) vessels owned and operated by the United States Government, a foreign country, a State, or a political subdivision of a country or State, unless engaged in commercial services;

(ii) towing vessels, vessels engaged in dredging activities, or vessels engaged in intraport movements; or

(iii) vessels with design drafts of 20 feet or less when utilizing general cargo and deep-draft navigation projects.

(4) Formulation of port or harbor dues

Port or harbor dues may be levied only on a vessel entering or departing from a harbor and its cargo on a fair and equitable basis. In formulating port and harbor dues, the non-Federal interest shall consider—

(A) the direct and indirect cost of construction, operations, and maintenance, and providing the facilities and services under paragraph (1) of this subsection;

(B) the value of those facilities and services to the vessel and cargo;

(C) the public policy or interest served; and

(D) any other pertinent factors.

(5) Notice and hearing

(A) Before the initial levy of or subsequent modification to port or harbor dues under this section, a non-Federal interest shall transmit to the Secretary—

(i) the text of the proposed law, regulation, or ordinance that would establish the port or harbor dues, including provisions for their administration, collection, and enforcement;

(ii) the name, address, and telephone number of an official to whom comments on and requests for further information on the proposal are to be directed;

(iii) the date by which comments on the proposal are due and a date for a public hearing on the proposal at which any interested party may present a statement; however, the non-Federal interest may not set a hearing date earlier than 45 days after the date of publication of the notice in the Federal Register required by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph or set a deadline for receipt of comments earlier than 60 days after the date of publication; and

(iv) a written statement signed by an appropriate official that the non-Federal interest agrees to be governed by the provisions of this section.

(B) On receiving from a non-Federal interest the information required by subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the Secretary shall transmit the material required by clauses (i) through (iii) of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph to the Federal Register for publication.

(C) Port or harbor dues may be imposed by a non-Federal interest only after meeting the conditions of this paragraph.

(6) Requirements on non-Federal interest

A non-Federal interest shall—

(A) file a schedule of any port or harbor dues levied under this subsection with the Secretary and the Federal Maritime Commission, which the Commission shall make available for public inspection;

(B) provide to the Comptroller General of the United States on request of the Comptroller General any records or other evidence that the Comptroller General considers to be necessary and appropriate to enable the Comptroller General to carry out the audit required under subsection (b) ¹ of this section;

(C) designate an officer or authorized representative, including the Secretary of the Treasury acting on a cost-reimbursable basis, to receive tonnage certificates and cargo manifests from vessels which may be subject to the levy of port or harbor dues, export declarations from shippers, consignors, and terminal operators, and such other documents as the non-Federal interest may by law, regulation, or ordinance require for the imposition, computation, and collection of port or harbor dues; and

(D) consent expressly to the exclusive exercise of Federal jurisdiction under subsection (c) ¹ of this section.

(b) Jurisdiction

(1) The district court of the United States for the district in which is located a non-Federal interest that levies port or harbor dues under this section has original and exclusive jurisdiction over any matter arising out of or concerning, the imposition, computation, collection, and enforcement of port or harbor dues by a non-Federal interest under this section.

(2) Any person who suffers legal wrong or is adversely affected or aggrieved by the imposition by a non-Federal interest of a proposed scheme or schedule of port or harbor dues under this section may, not later than 180 days after the date of hearing under subsection (a)(5)(A)(iii) of this section, commence an action to seek judicial review of that proposed scheme or schedule in the appropriate district court under paragraph (1).

(3) On petition of the Attorney General or any other party, that district court may—

(A) grant appropriate injunctive relief to restrain an action by that non-Federal interest violating the conditions of consent in subsection (a) of this section;

(B) order the refund of any port or harbor dues not lawfully collected; and

(C) grant other appropriate relief or remedy.

(c) Collection of duties

(1) ² Delivery of certificate and manifest

(A) Upon arrival of vessel

Upon the arrival of a vessel in a harbor in which the vessel may be subject to the levy of port or harbor dues under this section, the master of that vessel shall, within forty-eight hours after arrival and before any cargo is unloaded from that vessel, deliver to the appropriate authorized representative appointed under subsection (a)(6)(C) of this section a tonnage certificate for the vessel and a manifest of the cargo aboard that vessel or, if the vessel is in ballast, a declaration to that effect.

(B) Before departure of vessel

The shipper, consignor, or terminal operator having custody of any cargo to be loaded on board a vessel while the vessel is in a harbor in which the vessel may be subject to the levy of port or harbor dues under this section shall, within forty-eight hours before departure of that vessel, deliver to the appropriate authorized representative appointed under subsection (a)(6)(C) of this section an export declaration specifying the cargo to be loaded on board that vessel.

(d) Enforcement

At the request of an authorized representative referred to in subsection (a)(6)(C) of this section, the Secretary of the Treasury may:

(1) withhold the clearance required by section 60105 of title 46 for a vessel if the master, owner, or operator of a vessel subject to port or harbor dues under this section fails to comply with the provisions of this section including any non-Federal law, regulation or ordinance issued hereunder; and

(2) assess a penalty or initiate a forfeiture of the cargo in the same manner and under the same procedures as are applicable for failure to pay customs duties under the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1202 et seq.) if the shipper, consignor, consignee, or terminal operator having title to or custody of cargo subject to port or harbor dues under this section fails to comply with the provisions of this section including any non-Federal law, regulation, or ordinance issued hereunder.

(e) Maritime Lien

Port or harbor dues levied under this section against a vessel constitute a maritime lien against the vessel and port or harbor dues levied against cargo constitute a lien against the cargo that may be recovered in an action in the district court of the United States for the district in which the vessel or cargo is found.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title II, §208, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4102; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1021(g), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 713.)

References in Text

Subsection (b) of this section, referred to in subsec. (a)(6)(B), which related to audits, was struck out by Pub. L. 104–66 and subsec. (c) was redesignated as subsec. (b).

Subsection (c) of this section, referred to in subsec. (a)(6)(D), which related to jurisdiction, was redesignated as subsec. (b) by Pub. L. 104–66.

The Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is act June 17, 1930, ch. 497, 46 Stat. 590, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 4 (§1202 et seq.) of Title 19, Customs Duties. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1654 of Title 19 and Tables.

Codification

In subsec. (d)(1), "section 60105 of title 46" substituted for "section 4197 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (46 U.S.C. App. 91)" on authority of Pub. L. 109–304, §18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted section 60105 of Title 46, Shipping.

Amendments

1995—Subsecs. (b) to (f). Pub. L. 104–66 redesignated subsecs. (c) to (f) as (b) to (e), respectively, and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows: "The Comptroller General of the United States shall—

"(1) carry out periodic audits of the operations of non-Federal interests that elect to levy port or harbor dues under this section to determine if the conditions of subsection (a) of this section are being complied with;

"(2) submit to each House of the Congress a written report containing the findings resulting from each audit; and

"(3) make any recommendations that the Comptroller General considers appropriate regarding the compliance of those non-Federal interests with the requirements of this section."

¹ See References in Text note below.

² So in original. No par. (2) has been enacted.

§2237. Information for national security

Any non-Federal interest shall provide the United States the information necessary for military readiness planning and harbor, inland harbor, and national security, including information necessary to obtain national security clearances for individuals employed in critical harbor and inland harbor positions.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title II, §209, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4106.)

§2238. Authorization of appropriations

(a) Trust fund

There are authorized to be appropriated out of the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund, established by section 9505 of title 26, for each fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to pay—

(1) 100 percent of the eligible operations and maintenance costs of those portions of the Saint Lawrence Seaway operated and maintained by the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation for such fiscal year; and

(2) up to 100 percent of the eligible operations and maintenance costs assigned to commercial navigation of all harbors and inland harbors within the United States.

(b) General fund

There are authorized to be appropriated out of the general fund of the Treasury of the United States for each fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to pay the balance of all eligible operations and maintenance costs not provided by payments from the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund under this section.

(c) Operation and maintenance of harbor projects

(1) In general

To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall make expenditures to pay for operation and maintenance costs of the harbors and inland harbors referred to in subsection (a)(2), including expenditures of funds appropriated from the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund, based on an equitable allocation of funds among all such harbors and inland harbors.

(2) Criteria

(A) In general

In determining an equitable allocation of funds under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—

(i) consider the information obtained in the assessment conducted under subsection (e);

(ii) consider the national and regional significance of harbor operations and maintenance; and

(iii) as appropriate, consider national security and military readiness needs.

(B) Limitation

The Secretary shall not allocate funds under paragraph (1) based solely on the tonnage transiting through a harbor.

(3) Emerging harbor projects

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, in making expenditures under paragraph (1) for each fiscal year, the Secretary shall allocate for operation and maintenance costs of emerging harbor projects an amount that is not less than 10 percent of the funds made available under this section for fiscal year 2012 to pay the costs described in subsection (a)(2).

(4) Management of Great Lakes Navigation System

To sustain effective and efficient operation and maintenance of the Great Lakes Navigation System, including any navigation feature in the Great Lakes that is a Federal responsibility with respect to operation and maintenance, the Secretary shall manage all of the individually authorized projects in the Great Lakes Navigation System as components of a single, comprehensive system, recognizing the interdependence of the projects.

(d) Prioritization

(1) Priority

(A) In general

For each fiscal year, if priority funds are available, the Secretary shall use at least 10 percent of such funds for emerging harbor projects.

(B) Additional considerations

For each fiscal year, of the priority funds available, the Secretary shall use—

(i) not less than 5 percent of such funds for underserved harbor projects; and

(ii) not less than 10 percent of such funds for projects that are located within the Great Lakes Navigation System.

(C) Underserved harbors

In determining which underserved harbor projects shall receive funds under this paragraph, the Secretary shall consider—

(i) the total quantity of commerce supported by the water body on which the project is located; and

(ii) the minimum width and depth that—

(I) would be necessary at the underserved harbor project to provide sufficient clearance for fully loaded commercial vessels using the underserved harbor project to maneuver safely; and

(II) does not exceed the constructed width and depth of the authorized navigation project.

(2) Expanded uses

(A) Definition of eligible harbor or inland harbor defined

In this paragraph, the term "eligible harbor or inland harbor" means a harbor or inland harbor at which the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes collected in the immediately preceding 3 fiscal years exceeds the value of the work carried out for the harbor or inland harbor using amounts from the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund during those 3 fiscal years.

(B) Use of expanded uses funds

(i) Fiscal years 2015 through 2024

For each of fiscal years 2015 through 2024, of the priority funds available, the Secretary shall use not less than 10 percent of such funds for expanded uses carried out at an eligible harbor or inland harbor.

(ii) Subsequent fiscal years

For fiscal year 2025 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall use not less than 10 percent of the priority funds available for expanded uses carried out at an eligible harbor or inland harbor.

(C) Prioritization

In allocating funds under this paragraph, the Secretary shall give priority to projects at eligible harbors or inland harbors for which the difference, calculated in dollars, is greatest between—

(i) the total amount of funding made available for projects at that eligible harbor or inland harbor from the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund in the immediately preceding 3 fiscal years; and

(ii) the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes collected at that harbor or inland harbor in the immediately preceding 3 fiscal years.

(3) Remaining funds

(A) In general

For each of fiscal years 2015 through 2024, if after fully funding all projects eligible for funding under paragraphs (1)(B) and (2)(B)(i), priority funds made available under those paragraphs remain unobligated, the Secretary shall use those remaining funds to pay for operation and maintenance costs of any harbor or inland harbor referred to in subsection (a)(2) based on an equitable allocation of those funds among the harbors and inland harbors.

(B) Criteria

In determining an equitable allocation of funds under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall—

(i) use the criteria specified in subsection (c)(2)(A); and

(ii) make amounts available in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (1)(A).

(4) Emergency expenditures

Nothing in this subsection prohibits the Secretary from making an expenditure to pay for the operation and maintenance costs of a specific harbor or inland harbor, including the transfer of funding from the operation and maintenance of a separate project, if—

(A) the Secretary determines that the action is necessary to address the navigation needs of a harbor or inland harbor where safe navigation has been severely restricted due to an unforeseen event; and

(B) the Secretary provides within 90 days of the action notice and information on the need for the action to the Committee on Environment and Public Works and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(e) Assessment of harbors and inland harbors

(1) In general

Not later than 270 days after June 10, 2014, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall assess, and issue a report to Congress on, the operation and maintenance needs and uses of the harbors and inland harbors referred to in subsection (a)(2).

(2) Assessment of harbor needs and activities

(A) Total operation and maintenance needs of harbors

In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall identify—

(i) the total future costs required to achieve and maintain the constructed width and depth for the harbors and inland harbors referred to in subsection (a)(2); and

(ii) the total expected costs for expanded uses at eligible harbors or inland harbors referred to in subsection (d)(2).

(B) Uses of harbors and inland harbors

In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall identify current uses (and, to the extent practicable, assess the national, regional, and local benefits of such uses) of harbors and inland harbors referred to in subsection (a)(2), including the use of those harbors for—

(i) commercial navigation, including the movement of goods;

(ii) domestic trade;

(iii) international trade;

(iv) commercial fishing;

(v) subsistence, including use by Indian tribes (as defined in section 5304 of title 25) for subsistence and ceremonial purposes;

(vi) use as a harbor of refuge;

(vii) transportation of persons;

(viii) purposes relating to domestic energy production, including the fabrication, servicing, or supply of domestic offshore energy production facilities;

(ix) activities of the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating;

(x) activities of the Secretary of the Navy;

(xi) public health and safety related equipment for responding to coastal and inland emergencies;

(xii) recreation purposes; and

(xiii) other authorized purposes.

(C) Opportunities for beneficial use of dredged materials

In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall identify potential opportunities for the beneficial use of dredged materials obtained from harbors and inland harbors referred to in subsection (a)(2), including projects eligible under section 1122 of the Water Resources Development Act of 2016 (130 Stat. 1645; 33 U.S.C. 2326 note).

(3) Report to Congress

(A) In general

For fiscal year 2016, and biennially thereafter, in conjunction with the President's annual budget submission to Congress under section 1105(a) of title 31, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report that, with respect to harbors and inland harbors referred to in subsection (a)(2)—

(i) identifies the operation and maintenance costs associated with the harbors and inland harbors, including those costs required to achieve and maintain the constructed width and depth for the harbors and inland harbors and the costs for expanded uses at eligible harbors and inland harbors, on a project-by-project basis;

(ii) identifies the amount of funding requested in the President's budget for the operation and maintenance costs associated with the harbors and inland harbors, on a project-by-project basis;

(iii) identifies the unmet operation and maintenance needs associated with the harbors and inland harbors, on a project-by-project basis; and

(iv) identifies the harbors and inland harbors for which the President will allocate funding over the subsequent 5 fiscal years for operation and maintenance activities, on a project-by-project basis, including the amounts to be allocated for such purposes.

(B) Additional requirement

In the first report submitted under subparagraph (A) following December 16, 2016, the Secretary shall identify, to the maximum extent practicable, transportation cost savings realized by achieving and maintaining the constructed width and depth for the harbors and inland harbors referred to in subsection (a)(2), on a project-by-project basis.

(C) Public availability

The Secretary shall make the report submitted under subparagraph (A) available to the public, including on the Internet.

(f) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Constructed width and depth

The term "constructed width and depth" means the width and depth to which a project has been constructed, which may not exceed the authorized width and depth of the project.

(2) Emerging harbor project

The term "emerging harbor project" means a project that is assigned to a harbor or inland harbor referred to in subsection (a)(2) that transits less than 1,000,000 tons of cargo annually.

(3) Expanded uses

The term "expanded uses" means the following activities:

(A) The maintenance dredging of a berth in a harbor that is accessible to a Federal navigation project and that benefits commercial navigation at the harbor.

(B) The maintenance dredging and disposal of legacy-contaminated sediment, and sediment unsuitable for open water disposal, if—

(i) such dredging and disposal benefits commercial navigation at the harbor; and

(ii) such sediment is located in and affects the maintenance of a Federal navigation project or is located in a berth that is accessible to a Federal navigation project.

(4) Great Lakes Navigation System

The term "Great Lakes Navigation System" includes—

(A)(i) Lake Superior;

(ii) Lake Huron;

(iii) Lake Michigan;

(iv) Lake Erie; and

(v) Lake Ontario;

(B) all connecting waters between the lakes referred to in subparagraph (A) used for commercial navigation;

(C) any navigation features in the lakes referred to in subparagraph (A) or waters described in subparagraph (B) that are a Federal operation or maintenance responsibility; and

(D) areas of the Saint Lawrence River that are operated or maintained by the Federal Government for commercial navigation.

(5) Harbor maintenance tax

The term "harbor maintenance tax" means the amounts collected under section 4461 of title 26.

(6) High-use harbor project

The term "high-use harbor project" means a project that is assigned to a harbor or inland harbor referred to in subsection (a)(2) that transits not less than 10,000,000 tons of cargo annually.

(7) Moderate-use harbor project

The term "moderate-use harbor project" means a project that is assigned to a harbor or inland harbor referred to in subsection (a)(2) that transits annually—

(A) more than 1,000,000 tons of cargo; but

(B) less than 10,000,000 tons of cargo.

(8) Priority funds

The term "priority funds" means the difference between—

(A) the total funds that are made available under this section to pay the costs described in subsection (a)(2) for a fiscal year; and

(B) the total funds made available under this section to pay the costs described in subsection (a)(2) in fiscal year 2012.

(9) Underserved harbor project

(A) In general

The term "underserved harbor project" means a project that is assigned to a harbor or inland harbor referred to in subsection (a)(2)—

(i) that is a moderate-use harbor project or an emerging harbor project;

(ii) that has been maintained at less than the constructed width and depth of the project during each of the preceding 6 fiscal years; and

(iii) for which State and local investments in infrastructure have been made at those projects during the preceding 6 fiscal years.

(B) Administration

For purposes of this paragraph, State and local investments in infrastructure shall include infrastructure investments made using amounts made available for activities under section 5305(a)(9) of title 42.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title II, §210, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4106; Pub. L. 101–640, title III, §316, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4641; Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2102(a), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1273; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §§1103, 1107, 1114, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1633, 1634, 1638; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1216, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3810.)

References in Text

Section 1122 of the Water Resources Development Act of 2016, referred to in subsec. (e)(2)(C), is section 1122 of Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1122, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1645. Subsecs. (a) to (h) of section 1122 are set out as a note under section 2326 of this title. Subsec. (i) of section 1122 amended section 2326 of this title. Subsec. (j) of section 1122 amended section 1962d–5f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this section to the Code, see Tables.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 115–270, §1216(1), substituted "shall assess, and issue a report to Congress on, the" for "shall assess the".

Subsec. (e)(2)(C). Pub. L. 115–270, §1216(2), added subpar. (C).

2016—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 114–322, §1103(1), substituted "for each fiscal year" for "for each of fiscal years 2015 through 2022".

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–322, §1103(2), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "For each of fiscal years 2015 through 2024, if priority funds are available, the Secretary shall use the priority funds as follows:

"(i) 90 percent of the priority funds shall be used for high- and moderate-use harbor projects.

"(ii) 10 percent of the priority funds shall be used for emerging harbor projects."

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–322, §1107, substituted "For each fiscal year" for "For each of fiscal years 2015 through 2024" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(3)(B), (C). Pub. L. 114–322, §1114, added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).

2014—Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 113–121 added subsecs. (c) to (f).

1990—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–640 substituted "up to 100 percent" for "not more than 40 percent".

Guidance

Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2102(d), as added by Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1112, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1637, provided that: "Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the Water Resources Development Act of 2016 [Dec. 16, 2016], the Secretary [of the Army] shall publish on the website of the Corps of Engineers guidance on the implementation of this section [amending this section, section 2211 of this title, and section 9505 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code] and the amendments made by this section."

§2238a. Estimate of harbor maintenance needs

For fiscal year 2014 and each fiscal year thereafter, the President's budget request submitted pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, shall include—

(1) an estimate of the nationwide average availability, expressed as a percentage, of the authorized depth and authorized width of all navigation channels authorized to be maintained using appropriations from the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund that would result from harbor maintenance activities to be funded by the budget request; and

(2) an estimate of the average annual amount of appropriations from the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund that would be required to increase that average availability to 95 percent over a 3-year period.

(Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1537, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 585.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act, also known as the MAP–21, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

§2238b. Funding for harbor maintenance programs

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received

The term "total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received" means, with respect to a fiscal year, the aggregate of amounts appropriated, transferred, or credited to the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund under section 9505(a) of title 26 for that fiscal year as set forth in the current year estimate provided in the President's budget request for the subsequent fiscal year, submitted pursuant to section 1105 of title 31.

(2) Total budget resources

The term "total budget resources" means the total amount made available by appropriations Acts from the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund for a fiscal year for making expenditures under section 9505(c) of title 26.

(b) Target appropriations

(1) In general

Except as provided in subsection (c), the target total budget resources made available to the Secretary from the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund for a fiscal year shall be not less than the following:

(A) For fiscal year 2015, 67 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received in fiscal year 2014.

(B) For fiscal year 2016, 69 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received in fiscal year 2015.

(C) For fiscal year 2017, 71 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received in fiscal year 2016.

(D) For fiscal year 2018, 74 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received in fiscal year 2017.

(E) For fiscal year 2019, 77 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received in fiscal year 2018.

(F) For fiscal year 2020, 80 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received in fiscal year 2019.

(G) For fiscal year 2021, 83 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received in fiscal year 2020.

(H) For fiscal year 2022, 87 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received in fiscal year 2021.

(I) For fiscal year 2023, 91 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received in fiscal year 2022.

(J) For fiscal year 2024, 95 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received in fiscal year 2023.

(K) For fiscal year 2025, and each fiscal year thereafter, 100 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received in the previous fiscal year.

(2) Use of amounts

The total budget resources described in paragraph (1) may be used only for making expenditures under section 9505(c) of title 26.

(c) Exception

If the target total budget resources for a fiscal year described in subparagraphs (A) through (J) of subsection (b)(1) is lower than the target total budget resources for the previous fiscal year, the target total budget resources shall be adjusted to be equal to the lesser of—

(1) 103 percent of the total budget resources appropriated for the previous fiscal year; or

(2) 100 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes received in the previous fiscal year.

(d) Impact on other funds

(1) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that any increase in funding for harbor maintenance programs under this section shall result from an overall increase in appropriations for the civil works program of the Corps of Engineers and not from reductions in the appropriations for other programs, projects, and activities carried out by the Corps of Engineers for other authorized purposes.

(2) Application

The target total budget resources for a fiscal year specified in subsection (b)(1) shall only apply in a fiscal year for which the level of appropriations provided for the civil works program of the Corps of Engineers in that fiscal year is increased, as compared to the previous fiscal year, by a dollar amount that is at least equivalent to the dollar amount necessary to address such target total budget resources in that fiscal year.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2101, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1272; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1108, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1634.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–322, §1108(1), substituted "Except as provided in subsection (c), the target total" for "The target total" in introductory provisions.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 114–322, §1108(2), (3), added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2238c. Additional measures at donor ports and energy transfer ports

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Cargo container

The term "cargo container" means a cargo container that is 1 Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit.

(2) Discretionary cargo

The term "discretionary cargo" means maritime cargo for which the United States port of unlading is different than the United States port of entry.

(3) Donor port

(A) In general

The term "donor port" means a port—

(i) that is subject to the harbor maintenance fee under section 24.24 of title 19, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation);

(ii) at which the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes collected comprise not less than $15,000,000 annually of the total funding of the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund established under section 9505 of title 26;

(iii) that received less than 25 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes collected at that port in the previous 5 fiscal years; and

(iv) that is located in a State in which more than 2,000,000 cargo containers were unloaded from or loaded on to vessels in fiscal year 2012.

(B) Calculation

For the purpose of calculating the percentage described in subparagraph (A)(iii), payments described under subsection (c)(1) shall not be included.

(4) Energy commodity

The term "energy commodity" includes—

(A) petroleum products;

(B) natural gas;

(C) coal;

(D) wind and solar energy components; and

(E) biofuels.

(5) Energy transfer port

The term "energy transfer port" means a port—

(A) that is subject to the harbor maintenance fee under section 24.24 of title 19, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation); and

(B)(i) at which energy commodities comprised greater than 25 percent of all commercial activity by tonnage in fiscal year 2012; and

(ii) through which more than 40,000,000 tons of cargo were transported in fiscal year 2012.

(6) Expanded uses

The term "expanded uses" has the meaning given the term in section 2238(f) of this title.

(7) Harbor maintenance tax

The term "harbor maintenance tax" has the meaning given the term in section 2238(f) of this title.

(8) Medium-sized donor port

The term "medium-sized donor port" means a port—

(A) that is subject to the harbor maintenance fee under section 24.24 of title 19, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation);

(B) at which the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes collected comprise annually more than $5,000,000 but less than $15,000,000 of the total funding of the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund established under section 9505 of title 26;

(C) that received less than 25 percent of the total amount of harbor maintenance taxes collected at that port in the previous 5 fiscal years; and

(D) that is located in a State in which more than 2,000,000 cargo containers were unloaded from or loaded onto vessels in fiscal year 2012.

(b) Authority

(1) In general

Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary may provide to donor ports, medium-sized donor ports, and energy transfer ports amounts in accordance with this section.

(2) Limitations

Amounts provided under this section—

(A) for energy transfer ports shall be divided equally among all States with an energy transfer port;

(B) shall be made available to a port as either a donor port, medium-sized donor port, or an energy transfer port, and no port may receive amounts from more than 1 designation; and

(C) for donor ports and medium-sized donor ports—

(i) 50 percent of the funds shall be equally divided between the eligible donor ports as authorized by this section; and

(ii) 50 percent of the funds shall be divided between the eligible donor ports and eligible medium-sized donor ports based on the percentage of the total harbor maintenance tax revenues generated at each eligible donor port and medium-sized donor port.

(c) Use of funds

Amounts provided under this section may be used by a donor port, a medium-sized donor port, or an energy transfer port—

(1) to provide payments to importers entering cargo through that port, as calculated by the Secretary according to the value of discretionary cargo;

(2) for expanded uses; or

(3) for environmental remediation related to dredging berths and Federal navigation channels.

(d) Administration of payments

(1) In general

If a donor port, a medium-sized donor port, or an energy transfer port elects to provide payments to importers under subsection (c), the Secretary shall transfer to the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection an amount equal to those payments that would otherwise be provided to the port under this section to provide the payments to the importers of the discretionary cargo that is—

(A) shipped through the port; and

(B) most at risk of diversion to seaports outside of the United States.

(2) Requirement

The Secretary, in consultation with a port electing to provide payments under subsection (c), shall determine the top importers at the port, as ranked by the value of discretionary cargo, and payments shall be limited to those top importers.

(e) Report to Congress

(1) In general

Not later than 18 months after June 10, 2014, the Secretary shall assess the impact of the authority provided by this section and submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and make publicly available a report on the results of that assessment, including any recommendations for amending or reauthorizing the authority.

(2) Factors

In carrying out the assessment under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall assess—

(A) the impact of the amounts provided and used under this section on those ports that received funds under this section; and

(B) any impact on domestic harbors and ports that did not receive funds under this section.

(f) Authorization of appropriations

(1) In general

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2015 through 2020.

(2) Division between donor ports, medium-sized donor ports, and energy transfer ports

For each fiscal year, amounts made available to carry out this section shall be provided in equal amounts to—

(A) donor ports and medium-sized donor ports; and

(B) energy transfer ports.

(3) Additional appropriations

If the target total budget resources under subparagraphs (A) through (D) of section 2238b(b)(1) of this title are met for each of fiscal years 2016 through 2020, there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.

(g) Savings clause

Nothing in this section waives any statutory requirement related to the transportation of merchandise as authorized under chapter 551 of title 46.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2106, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1280; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1110, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1634.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(1)(B), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(1)(C), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and inserted heading, redesignated former subpars. (A) to (D) as cls. (i) to (iv), respectively, of subpar. (A), and added subpar. (B).

Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(1)(A), redesignated par. (2) as (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(1)(A), redesignated par. (3) as (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(1)(A), redesignated par. (4) as (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (a)(5)(A). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(1)(D), substituted "Code of Federal Regulations" for "Code of Federal Regulation".

Subsec. (a)(6), (7). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(1)(A), redesignated pars. (5) and (6) as (6) and (7), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(1)(E), added par. (8).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(2)(A), substituted "donor ports, medium-sized donor ports," for "donor ports".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(2)(B), added subpars. (B) and (C) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "shall be made available to a port as either a donor port or an energy transfer port and no port may receive amounts as both a donor port and an energy transfer port."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(3)(A), substituted "donor port, a medium-sized donor port," for "donor port" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(3)(B), struck out "or shippers transporting cargo" after "entering cargo" and substituted "the Secretary" for "U.S. Customs and Border Protection" and "value of discretionary cargo" for "amount of harbor maintenance taxes collected".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(4), added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "If a donor port or an energy transfer port elects to provide payments to importers or shippers under subsection (c), the Secretary shall transfer the amount that would otherwise be provided to the port under this section that is equal to those payments to the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to provide the payments to the importers or shippers."

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(5)(A), substituted "2020" for "2018".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(5)(B), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "For each fiscal year, amounts made available to carry out this section shall be provided in equal amounts to donor ports and energy transfer ports."

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(5)(C), substituted "2016 through 2020" for "2015 through 2018" and "2021 through 2025" for "2019 through 2022".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–322, §1110(6), added subsec. (g).

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2238d. Maintenance of harbors of refuge

The Secretary is authorized to maintain federally authorized harbors of refuge to restore and maintain the authorized dimensions of the harbors.

(Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1109, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1634.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2016, and also as part of the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act, also known as the WIIN Act, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 1002 of Pub. L. 114–322, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2239. Repealed. Pub. L. 101–640, title IV, §412(f), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4650

Section, Pub. L. 99–662, title II, §211, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4106; Pub. L. 100–676, §32, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4030, directed Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency to designate one or more sites for disposal of dredged material as an alternative to disposal at the Mud Dump in New Jersey.

Sediments Decontamination Technology

Pub. L. 102–580, title IV, §405, Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4863, as amended by Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §226, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3697; Pub. L. 106–53, title II, §204, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 285, provided that:

"(a) Decontamination Project.—

"(1) Selection of technologies.—Based upon a review of decontamination technologies identified pursuant to section 412(c) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1990 [Pub. L. 101–640, set out below], the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Secretary shall, within 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 31, 1992], jointly select removal, pre-treatment, post-treatment, and decontamination technologies for contaminated marine sediments for a decontamination project in the New York/New Jersey Harbor.

"(2) Recommended program.—Upon selection of technologies, the Administrator and the Secretary shall jointly recommend a program of selected technologies to assess their effectiveness in rendering sediments acceptable for unrestricted ocean disposal or beneficial reuse, or both.

"(3) Project purpose.—The purpose of the project to be carried out under this section is to provide for the development of 1 or more sediment decontamination technologies on a pilot scale demonstrating a capacity of at least 500,000 cubic yards per year.

"(4) Practical end-use products.—Technologies selected for demonstration at the pilot scale shall be intended to result in practical end-use products.

"(5) Assistance by the secretary.—The Secretary shall assist the project to ensure expeditious completion by providing sufficient quantities of contaminated dredged material to conduct the full-scale demonstrations to stated capacity.

"(b) Decontamination Defined.—For purposes of this section, 'decontamination' may include local or remote prototype or production and laboratory decontamination technologies, sediment pre-treatment and post-treatment processes, and siting, economic, or other measures necessary to develop a matrix for selection of interim prototype of long-term processes. Decontamination techniques need not be preproven in terms of likely success.

"(c) Authorization of Appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $22,000,000 to complete technology testing, technology commercialization, and the development of full scale processing facilities within the New York/New Jersey Harbor. Such sums shall remain available until expended.

"(d) Reports.—Not later than September 30, 1998, and periodically thereafter, the Administrator and the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a report on the results of the project to be carried out under this section, including an assessment of the progress made in achieving the purpose of the project set forth in subsection (a)(3).

"(e) Support.—In carrying out the program under this section, the Secretary is encouraged to use contracts, cooperative agreements, and grants with colleges and universities and other non-Federal entities."

Alternatives to Mud Dump Site for Disposal of Dredged Material

Pub. L. 101–640, title IV, §412, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4650, provided that:

"(a) Report.—Within 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990], the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall submit to the Congress a final report on the feasibility of designating an alternative site to the Mud Dump Site at a distance not less than 20 miles from the shoreline.

"(b) Plan.—Within 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990], the Secretary and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall submit to Congress a plan for the long-term management of dredged material from the New York/New Jersey Harbor region. The plan shall include—

"(1) an identification of the source, quantities, and characteristics of material to be dredged;

"(2) a discussion of potential alternative sites for disposal of dredged material, including the feasibility of altering the boundaries of the Mud Dump Site;

"(3) measures to reduce the quantities of dredged material proposed for ocean disposal;

"(4) measures to reduce the amount of contaminants in materials proposed to be dredged from the Harbor through source controls and decontamination technology;

"(5) a program for monitoring the physical, chemical, and biological effects of dumping dredged material at the Mud Dump Site; and

"(6) a study of the characteristics of the bottom sediments, including type and distribution.

"(c) Demonstration Project.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall implement a demonstration project for disposing on an annual basis up to 10 percent of the material dredged from the New York/New Jersey Harbor region in an environmentally sound manner other than by ocean disposal. Environmentally sound alternatives may include, among others, capping of borrow pits, construction of a containment island, application for landfill cover, habitat restoration, and use of decontamination technology.

"(d) Mud Dump Site Defined.—For purposes of this section, the term 'Mud Dump Site' means the area located approximately 5¾ miles east of Sandy Hook, New Jersey, with boundary coordinates of 40 degrees, 23 minutes, 48 seconds North, 73 degrees, 51 minutes, 28 seconds West; 40 degrees, 21 minutes, 48 seconds North, 73 degrees, 50 minutes, 00 seconds West; 40 degrees, 21 minutes, 48 seconds North; 73 degrees, 51 minutes, 28 seconds West; and 40 degrees, 23 minutes, 48 seconds North; 73 degrees, 50 minutes, 00 seconds West.

"(e) Authorization of Appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for fiscal year 1991, $3,000,000 to implement subsection (b) and $1,000,000 to implement subsection (c), and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 1992.

"(f) Repeal.—Section 211 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2239) is repealed."

§2240. Emergency response services

(a) Grants

The Secretary is authorized to make grants to any non-Federal interest operating a project for a harbor for provision of emergency response services in such harbor (including contingency planning, necessary personnel training, and the procurement of equipment and facilities either by the non-Federal interest, by a local agency or municipality, or by a combination of local agencies or municipalities on a cost-reimbursable basis, either by a cooperative agreement, mutual aid plan, or mutual assistance plan entered into between one or more non-Federal interests, public agencies, or local municipalities).

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1986, and ending before October 1, 1992, $5,000,000.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title II, §212, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4107.)

§2241. Definitions

For purposes of this subchapter—

(1) Deep-draft harbor

The term "deep-draft harbor" means a harbor which is authorized to be constructed to a depth of more than 45 feet (other than a project which is authorized by section 202 of this title).

(2) Eligible operations and maintenance

(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term "eligible operations and maintenance" means all Federal operations, maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation, including (i) maintenance dredging reasonably necessary to maintain the width and nominal depth of any harbor or inland harbor; (ii) the construction of dredged material disposal facilities that are necessary for the operation and maintenance of any harbor or inland harbor; (iii) dredging and disposing of contaminated sediments that are in or that affect the maintenance of Federal navigation channels; (iv) mitigating for impacts resulting from Federal navigation operation and maintenance activities; and (v) operating and maintaining dredged material disposal facilities.

(B) As applied to the Saint Lawrence Seaway, the term "eligible operations and maintenance" means all operations, maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation, including maintenance dredging reasonably necessary to keep such Seaway or navigation improvements operated or maintained by the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation in operation and reasonable state of repair.

(C) The term "eligible operations and maintenance" does not include providing any lands, easements, or rights-of-way, or performing relocations required for project operations and maintenance.

(3) General cargo harbor

The term "general cargo harbor" means a harbor for which a project is authorized by section 202 of this title and any other harbor which is authorized to be constructed to a depth of more than 20 feet but not more than 45 feet;

(4) Harbor

The term "harbor" means any channel or harbor, or element thereof, in the United States, capable of being utilized in the transportation of commercial cargo in domestic or foreign waterborne commerce by commercial vessels. The term does not include—

(A) an inland harbor;

(B) the Saint Lawrence Seaway;

(C) local access or berthing channels;

(D) channels or harbors constructed or maintained by nonpublic interests; and

(E) any portion of the Columbia River other than the channels on the downstream side of Bonneville lock and dam.

(5) Inland harbor

The term "inland harbor" means a navigation project which is used principally for the accommodation of commercial vessels and the receipt and shipment of waterborne cargoes on inland waters. The term does not include—

(A) projects on the Great Lakes;

(B) projects that are subject to tidal influence;

(C) projects with authorized depths of greater than 20 feet;

(D) local access or berthing channels; and

(E) projects constructed or maintained by nonpublic interests.

(6) Nominal depth

The term "nominal depth" means, in relation to the stated depth for any navigation improvement project, such depth, including any greater depths which must be maintained for any harbor or inland harbor or element thereof included within such project in order to ensure the safe passage at mean low tide of any vessel requiring the stated depth.

(7) Non-Federal interest

The term "non-Federal interest" has the meaning such term has under section 1962d–5b of title 42 and includes any interstate agency and port authority established under a compact entered into between two or more States with the consent of Congress under section 10 of Article I of the Constitution.

(8) United States

The term "United States" means all areas included within the territorial boundaries of the United States, including the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other territory or possession over which the United States exercises jurisdiction.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title II, §214, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4108; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §201(e), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3672.)

References in Text

Section 202 of this title, referred to in pars. (1) and (3), is section 202 of title II of Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4091, which is not classified to the Code.

Amendments

1996—Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 104–303, §201(e)(1), inserted "Federal" after "means all" and "(i)" after "including", and inserted before period at end a semicolon and cls. (ii) to (v).

Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 104–303, §201(e)(2), substituted "or rights-of-way," for "rights-of-way, or dredged material disposal areas,".

Increases in Non-Federal Share of Costs

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–303 not to increase, or result in increase of, non-Federal share of costs of expanding any confined dredged material disposal facility that is operated by Secretary and authorized for cost recovery through collection of tolls, any confined dredged material disposal facility for which invitation for bids for construction was issued before Oct. 12, 1996, and expanding any confined dredged material disposal facility constructed under section 1293a of this title if capacity of confined dredged material disposal facility was exceeded in less than 6 years, see section 201(g) of Pub. L. 104–303, set out as a note under section 2211 of this title.

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

§2242. Remote and subsistence harbors

(a) In general

In conducting a study of harbor and navigation improvements, the Secretary may recommend a project without the need to demonstrate that the project is justified solely by national economic development benefits if the Secretary determines that—

(1)(A) the community to be served by the project is at least 70 miles from the nearest surface accessible commercial port and has no direct rail or highway link to another community served by a surface accessible port or harbor; or

(B) the project would be located in the State of Hawaii or Alaska, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the United States Virgin Islands, or American Samoa;

(2) the harbor is economically critical such that over 80 percent of the goods transported through the harbor would be consumed within the region served by the harbor and navigation improvement, as determined by the Secretary, including consideration of information provided by the non-Federal interest; and

(3) the long-term viability of the community in which the project is located, or the long-term viability of a community that is located in the region that is served by the project and that will rely on the project, would be threatened without the harbor and navigation improvement.

(b) Justification

In considering whether to recommend a project under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider the benefits of the project to—

(1) public health and safety of the local community and communities that are located in the region to be served by the project and that will rely on the project, including access to facilities designed to protect public health and safety;

(2) access to natural resources for subsistence purposes;

(3) local and regional economic opportunities;

(4) welfare of the regional population to be served by the project; and

(5) social and cultural value to the local community and communities that are located in the region to be served by the project and that will rely on the project.

(c) Prioritization

Projects recommended by the Secretary under subsection (a) shall be given equivalent budget consideration and priority as projects recommended solely by national economic development benefits.

(d) Disposition

(1) In general

The Secretary may carry out any project identified in the study carried out pursuant to subsection (a) in accordance with the criteria for projects carried out under the authority of the Secretary under section 577 of this title.

(2) Non-Federal interests

In evaluating and implementing a project under this section, the Secretary shall allow a non-Federal interest to participate in the financing of a project in accordance with the criteria established for flood control projects under section 903(c) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–662; 100 Stat. 4184).

(e) Annual report

For a project that cannot be carried out under the authority specified in subsection (d), on a determination by the Secretary of the feasibility of the project under subsection (a), the Secretary may include a recommendation concerning the project in the annual report submitted to Congress under section 2282d of this title.

(Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2006, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1073; Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2104, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1279; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1105, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1633.)

References in Text

Section 903(c) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–662; 100 Stat. 4184), referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is not classified to the Code.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2007, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 114–322, §1105(1), inserted "in which the project is located, or the long-term viability of a community that is located in the region that is served by the project and that will rely on the project," after "the community".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–322, §1105(2)(A), inserted "and communities that are located in the region to be served by the project and that will rely on the project" after "local community".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 114–322, §1105(2)(B), substituted "regional population to be served by the project" for "local population".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 114–322, §1105(2)(C), substituted "local community and communities that are located in the region to be served by the project and that will rely on the project" for "community".

2014—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 113–121, §2104(1)(A), inserted "or Alaska" after "Hawaii".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 113–121, §2104(1)(B), substituted "region" for "community" and inserted ", as determined by the Secretary, including consideration of information provided by the non-Federal interest" after "improvement".

Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 113–121, §2104(2), added subsecs. (c) to (e).

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 110–114, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2243. Arctic deep draft port development partnerships

(a) In general

The Secretary may provide technical assistance to non-Federal public entities, including Indian tribes (as defined in section 5304 of title 25) and a Native village, Regional Corporation, or Village Corporation (as those terms are defined in section 1602 of title 43 ¹, for the development, construction, operation, and maintenance of channels, harbors, and related infrastructure associated with deep draft ports for purposes of dealing with Arctic development and security needs.

(b) Acceptance of funds

The Secretary is authorized to accept and expend funds provided by non-Federal public entities, including Indian tribes (as defined in section 5304 of title 25) and a Native village, Regional Corporation, or Village Corporation (as those terms are defined in section 1602 of title 43 ¹, to carry out the technical assistance activities described in subsection (a).

(c) Limitation

No assistance may be provided under this section until after the date on which the entity to which that assistance is to be provided enters into a written agreement with the Secretary that includes such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines to be appropriate and in the public interest.

(d) Prioritization

The Secretary shall prioritize technical assistance provided under this section for Arctic deep draft ports identified by the Secretary, the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, and the Secretary of Defense as important for Arctic development and security.

(e) Consideration of national security interests

In carrying out a study of the feasibility of an Arctic deep draft port, the Secretary—

(1) shall consult with the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating to identify benefits in carrying out the missions specified in section 468 of title 6 associated with an Arctic deep draft port;

(2) shall consult with the Secretary of Defense to identify national security benefits associated with an Arctic deep draft port; and

(3) may consider such benefits in determining whether an Arctic deep draft port is feasible.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2105, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1279; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1202(c), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1684.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2016—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 114–322, §1202(c)(1), inserted "and a Native village, Regional Corporation, or Village Corporation (as those terms are defined in section 1602 of title 43" after "title 25)" and made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 5304 of title 25.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–322, §1202(c)(2), substituted "the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating" for "the Secretary of Homeland Security".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–322, §1202(c)(3), added subsec. (e).

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

¹ So in original. Probably should be followed by a closing parenthesis.

SUBCHAPTER III—INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

§2251. Inland Waterways Users Board

(a) Establishment of Users Board

There is hereby established an Inland Waterway Users Board (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Users Board") composed of the eleven members selected by the Secretary, one of whom shall be designated by the Secretary as Chairman. The members shall be selected so as to represent various regions of the country and a spectrum of the primary users and shippers utilizing the inland and intracoastal waterways for commercial purposes. Due consideration shall be given to assure a balance among the members based on the ton-mile shipments of the various categories of commodities shipped on inland waterways. The Secretary of the Army shall designate, and the Secretaries of Agriculture, Transportation, and Commerce may each designate, a representative to act as an observer of the Users Board.

(b) Duties of Users Board

(1) In general

The Users Board shall meet not less frequently than semiannually to develop and make recommendations to the Secretary and Congress regarding the inland waterways and inland harbors of the United States.

(2) Advice and recommendations

For commercial navigation features and components of the inland waterways and inland harbors of the United States, the Users Board shall provide—

(A) prior to the development of the budget proposal of the President for a given fiscal year, advice and recommendations to the Secretary regarding construction and rehabilitation priorities and spending levels;

(B) advice and recommendations to Congress regarding any feasibility report for a project on the inland waterway system that has been submitted to Congress pursuant to section 2282d of this title;

(C) advice and recommendations to Congress regarding an increase in the authorized cost of those features and components;

(D) not later than 60 days after the date of the submission of the budget proposal of the President to Congress, advice and recommendations to Congress regarding construction and rehabilitation priorities and spending levels; and

(E) advice and recommendations on the development of a long-term capital investment program in accordance with subsection (d).

(3) Project development teams

The chairperson of the Users Board shall appoint a representative of the Users Board to serve as an advisor to the project development team for a qualifying project or the study or design of a commercial navigation feature or component of the inland waterways and inland harbors of the United States.

(4) Independent judgment

Any advice or recommendation made by the Users Board to the Secretary shall reflect the independent judgment of the Users Board.

(c) Duties of Secretary

The Secretary shall—

(1) communicate not less frequently than once each quarter to the Users Board the status of the study, design, or construction of all commercial navigation features or components of the inland waterways or inland harbors of the United States; and

(2) submit to the Users Board a courtesy copy of all completed feasibility reports relating to a commercial navigation feature or component of the inland waterways or inland harbors of the United States.

(d) Capital investment program

(1) In general

Not later than 1 year after June 10, 2014, the Secretary, in coordination with the Users Board, shall develop and submit to Congress a report describing a 20-year program for making capital investments on the inland and intracoastal waterways based on the application of objective, national project selection prioritization criteria.

(2) Consideration

In developing the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall take into consideration the 20-year capital investment strategy contained in the Inland Marine Transportation System (IMTS) Capital Projects Business Model, Final Report published on April 13, 2010, as approved by the Users Board.

(3) Criteria

In developing the plan and prioritization criteria under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that investments made under the 20-year program described in paragraph (1)—

(A) are made in all geographical areas of the inland waterways system; and

(B) ensure efficient funding of inland waterways projects.

(4) Strategic review and update

Not later than 5 years after June 10, 2014, and not less frequently than once every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary, in coordination with the Users Board, shall—

(A) submit to Congress and make publicly available a strategic review of the 20-year program in effect under this subsection, which shall identify and explain any changes to the project-specific recommendations contained in the previous 20-year program (including any changes to the prioritization criteria used to develop the updated recommendations); and

(B) make revisions to the program, as appropriate.

(e) Project management plans

The chairperson of the Users Board and the project development team member appointed by the chairperson under subsection (b)(3) may sign the project management plan for the qualifying project or the study or design of a commercial navigation feature or component of the inland waterways and inland harbors of the United States.

(f) Administration

(1) In general

The Users Board shall be subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.), other than section 14, and, with the consent of the appropriate agency head, the Users Board may use the facilities and services of any Federal agency.

(2) Members not considered special Government employees

For the purposes of complying with the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.), the members of the Users Board shall not be considered special Government employees (as defined in section 202 of title 18).

(3) Travel expenses

Non-Federal members of the Users Board while engaged in the performance of their duties away from their homes or regular places of business, may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title III, §302, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4111; Pub. L. 106–109, §8(a), Nov. 24, 1999, 113 Stat. 1495; Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2002(d), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1262.)

References in Text

The Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(1) and (2), is Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–121, §2002(d)(1), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Users Board shall meet at least semi-annually to develop and make recommendations to the Secretary regarding construction and rehabilitation priorities and spending levels on the commercial navigational features and components of the inland waterways and inland harbors of the United States for the following fiscal years. Any advice or recommendation made by the Users Board to the Secretary shall reflect the independent judgment of the Users Board. Notwithstanding section 3003 of Public Law 104–66 (31 U.S.C. 1113 note; 109 Stat. 734), the Users Board shall, by December 31, 1987, and annually thereafter file such recommendations with the Secretary and with the Congress."

Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 113–121, §2002(d)(2), added subsecs. (c) to (f) and struck out former subsec. (c). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Users Board shall be subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act, other than section 14, and, with the consent of the appropriate agency head, the Users Board may use the facilities and services of any Federal agency. Non-Federal members of the Users Board while engaged in the performance of their duties away from their homes or regular places of business, may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5."

1999—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–109, in last sentence, substituted "Notwithstanding section 3003 of Public Law 104–66 (31 U.S.C. 1113 note; 109 Stat. 734), the" for "The".

§2252. Project delivery process reforms

(a) Requirements for qualifying projects

With respect to each qualifying project, the Secretary shall require—

(1) for each project manager, that—

(A) the project manager have formal project management training and certification; and

(B) the project manager be assigned from among personnel certified by the Chief of Engineers; and

(2) for an applicable cost estimation, that—

(A) the Secretary utilize a risk-based cost estimate with a confidence level of at least 80 percent; and

(B) the cost estimate be developed—

(i) for a qualifying project that requires an increase in the authorized amount in accordance with section 2280 of this title, during the preparation of a post-authorization change report or other similar decision document;

(ii) for a qualifying project for which the first construction contract has not been awarded, prior to the award of the first construction contract;

(iii) for a qualifying project without a completed feasibility report in accordance with section 2282 of this title, prior to the completion of such a report; and

(iv) for a qualifying project with a completed feasibility report in accordance with section 2282 of this title that has not yet been authorized, during design for the qualifying project.

(b) Additional project delivery process reforms

Not later than 18 months after June 10, 2014, the Secretary shall—

(1) establish a system to identify and apply on a continuing basis best management practices from prior or ongoing qualifying projects to improve the likelihood of on-time and on-budget completion of qualifying projects;

(2) evaluate early contractor involvement acquisition procedures to improve on-time and on-budget project delivery performance; and

(3) implement any additional measures that the Secretary determines will achieve the purposes of this subtitle, including—

(A) the implementation of applicable practices and procedures developed pursuant to management by the Secretary of an applicable military construction program;

(B) the development and use of a portfolio of standard designs for inland navigation locks, incorporating the use of a center of expertise for the design and review of qualifying projects;

(C) the use of full-funding contracts or formulation of a revised continuing contracts clause; and

(D) the establishment of procedures for recommending new project construction starts using a capital projects business model.

(c) Pilot projects

(1) In general

Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary may carry out pilot projects to evaluate processes and procedures for the study, design, and construction of qualifying projects.

(2) Inclusions

At a minimum, the Secretary shall carry out pilot projects under this subsection to evaluate—

(A) early contractor involvement in the development of features and components;

(B) an appropriate use of continuing contracts for the construction of features and components; and

(C) applicable principles, procedures, and processes used for military construction projects.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2002, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1261.)

References in Text

This subtitle, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is subtitle A (§§2001–2013) of title II of Pub. L. 113–121, which enacted this section and sections 2253, 2254, and 2255 of this title, amended sections 2212, 2251, and 2327 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as a note under this section. For complete classification of subtitle A to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Section is comprised of section 2002 of Pub. L. 113–121. Subsec. (d) of section 2002 of Pub. L. 113–121 amended section 2251 of this title.

Definitions

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2001, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1260, provided that: "In this title [enacting this section and sections 2211a, 2238b, 2238c, 2243, 2253, 2254, and 2255 of this title and amending sections 2211, 2212, 2238, 2242, 2251, 2282a, and 2327 of this title and section 9505 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code]:

"(1) Inland waterways trust fund.—The term 'Inland Waterways Trust Fund' means the Inland Waterways Trust Fund established by section 9506(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 9506(a)].

"(2) Qualifying project.—The term 'qualifying project' means any construction or major rehabilitation project for navigation infrastructure of the inland and intracoastal waterways that is—

"(A) authorized before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [June 10, 2014];

"(B) not completed on the date of enactment of this Act; and

"(C) funded at least in part from the Inland Waterways Trust Fund."

§2253. Annual financial review

For any inland waterways project that the Secretary carries out that has an estimated total cost of $500,000,000 or more, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional committees referred to in subsection (a) ¹ an annual financial plan for the project. The plan shall be based on detailed annual estimates of the cost to complete the remaining elements of the project and on reasonable assumptions, as determined by the Secretary, of any future increases of the cost to complete the project.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2007(b), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1268.)

References in Text

The congressional committees referred to in subsection (a), referred to in text, mean the congressional committees referred to in subsec. (a) of section 2007 of Pub. L. 113–121, which are the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§2254. Assessment of operation and maintenance needs of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway

(a) In general

Not later than 90 days after June 10, 2014, the Secretary shall assess the operation and maintenance needs of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway.

(b) Types of activities

In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall assess the operation and maintenance needs of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway as used for the following purposes:

(1) Commercial navigation.

(2) Commercial fishing.

(3) Subsistence, including utilization by Indian tribes (as defined in section 5304 of title 25) for subsistence and ceremonial purposes.

(4) Use as ingress and egress to harbors of refuge.

(5) Transportation of persons.

(6) Purposes relating to domestic energy production, including fabrication, servicing, and supply of domestic offshore energy production facilities.

(7) Activities of the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating.

(8) Public health and safety related equipment for responding to coastal and inland emergencies.

(9) Recreation purposes.

(10) Any other authorized purpose.

(c) Report to Congress

For fiscal year 2015, and biennially thereafter, in conjunction with the annual budget submission by the President to Congress under section 1105(a) of title 31, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and make publicly available a report that, with respect to the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway—

(1) identifies the operation and maintenance costs required to achieve the authorized length, width, and depth;

(2) identifies the amount of funding requested in the President's budget for operation and maintenance costs; and

(3) identifies the unmet operation and maintenance needs of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2008, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1268.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2255. Inland waterways riverbank stabilization

(a) In general

Not later than 1 year after June 10, 2014, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall conduct a study to determine the feasibility of—

(1) carrying out projects for the inland and intracoastal waterways for purposes of—

(A) flood damage reduction;

(B) emergency streambank and shoreline protection; and

(C) prevention and mitigation of shore damages attributable to navigation improvements; and

(2) modifying projects for the inland and intracoastal waterways for the purpose of improving the quality of the environment.

(b) Recommendations

In conducting the study, the Secretary shall develop specific project recommendations and prioritize those recommendations based on—

(1) the extent of damage and land loss resulting from riverbank erosion;

(2) the rate of erosion;

(3) the significant threat of future flood risk to public property, public infrastructure, or public safety;

(4) the destruction of natural resources or habitats; and

(5) the potential cost savings for maintenance of the channel.

(c) Disposition

The Secretary may carry out any project identified in the study conducted pursuant to subsection (a) in accordance with the criteria for projects carried out under one of the following authorities:

(1) Section 701r of this title.

(2) Section 701s of this title.

(3) Section 426i of this title.

(4) Section 2309a of this title.

(d) Annual report

For a project recommended pursuant to the study that cannot be carried out under any of the authorities specified in subsection (c), upon a determination by the Secretary of the feasibility of the project, the Secretary may include a recommendation concerning the project in the annual report submitted to Congress under section 2282d of this title.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2009, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1269.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

SUBCHAPTER IV—WATER RESOURCES STUDIES

§2261. Territories development study

The Secretary is hereby authorized and directed to make studies in cooperation with the Secretary of the Interior and the governments of the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands for the purposes of providing plans for the development, utilization, and conservation of water and related land resources of such jurisdiction, at a total cost of $2,000,000 for each of the five studies. Such studies shall include appropriate consideration of the needs for flood protection, wise use of flood plain lands, navigation facilities, hydroelectric power generation, regional water supply and waste water management facilities systems, general recreation facilities, enhancement and control of water quality, enhancement and conservation of fish and wildlife, and other measures for environmental enhancement, economic and human resources development. Such studies shall be compatible with comprehensive development plans formulated by local planning agencies and other interested Federal agencies. Any funds made available under this section for a study for any such jurisdiction which is not needed for such study shall be available to the Secretary to construct authorized water resources projects in such jurisdiction and to implement the findings of such study with appropriate cost sharing as provided in this Act.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title VII, §702, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4156.)

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, as amended, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

§2262. Survey of potential for use of certain facilities as hydroelectric facilities

(a) Survey authority

The Secretary shall, upon the request of local public officials, survey the potential and methods for rehabilitating former industrial sites, millraces, and similar types of facilities already constructed for use as hydroelectric facilities. The Secretary shall, upon request, provide technical assistance to local public agencies, including electric cooperatives, in designing projects to rehabilitate sites that have been surveyed, or are qualified for such survey, under this section. The non-Federal share of the cost of carrying out this section shall be 50 percent.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, to implement this section, the sum of $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years ending September 30, 1988, through September 30, 1992, such sums to remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title VII, §703, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4156.)

§2263. Study of Corps capability to conserve fish and wildlife

(a) Investigation and study

The Secretary shall investigate and study the feasibility of utilizing the capabilities of the United States Army Corps of Engineers to conserve fish and wildlife (including their habitats) where such fish and wildlife are indigenous to the United States, its possessions, or its territories. The scope of such study shall include the use of engineering or construction capabilities to create alternative habitats, or to improve, enlarge, develop, or otherwise beneficially modify existing habitats of such fish and wildlife. The study shall be conducted in consultation with the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior, the Assistant Administrator for Fisheries of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and shall be transmitted within the 30-month period beginning on November 17, 1986, by the Secretary to Congress, together with the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the Chief of Engineers. The Secretary, in consultation with the Federal officers referred to in the preceding sentence, shall undertake a continuing review of the matters covered in the study and shall transmit to Congress, on a biennial basis, any revisions to the study that may be required as a result of the review, together with the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the Chief of Engineers.

(b) Projects

(1) In general

The Secretary is further authorized to conduct projects of alternative or beneficially modified habitats for fish and wildlife, including but not limited to man-made reefs for fish. There is authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $100,000,000 to carry out such projects.

(2) Inclusions

Such projects shall be developed, and their effectiveness evaluated, in consultation with the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service and the Assistant Administrator for Fisheries of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Such projects shall include—

(A) the construction of a reef for fish habitat in Lake Erie in the vicinity of Buffalo, New York;

(B) the construction of a reef for fish habitat in the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of Fort Lauderdale, Florida;

(C) the construction of a reef for fish habitat in Lake Ontario in the vicinity of the town of Newfane, New York; and

(D) the restoration and rehabilitation of habitat for fish, including native oysters, in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries in Virginia and Maryland, including—

(i) the construction of oyster bars and reefs;

(ii) the rehabilitation of existing marginal habitat;

(iii) the use of appropriate alternative substrate material in oyster bar and reef construction;

(iv) the construction and upgrading of oyster hatcheries; and

(v) activities relating to increasing the output of native oyster broodstock for seeding and monitoring of restored sites to ensure ecological success.

(3) Restoration and rehabilitation activities

The restoration and rehabilitation activities described in paragraph (2)(D) shall be—

(A) for the purpose of establishing permanent sanctuaries and harvest management areas; and

(B) consistent with plans and strategies for guiding the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay oyster resource and fishery.

(4) Cost sharing

(A) In general

The non-Federal share of the cost of any project under this subsection shall be 25 percent.

(B) Form

The non-Federal share may be provided through in-kind services, including—

(i) the provision by the non-Federal interest of shell stock material that is determined by the Secretary to be suitable for use in carrying out the project; and

(ii) in the case of a project carried out under paragraph (2)(D) after June 10, 2014, land conservation or restoration efforts undertaken by the non-Federal interest that the Secretary determines provide water quality benefits that—

(I) enhance the viability of oyster restoration efforts;

(II) are integral to the project; and

(III) are cost effective.

(C) Applicability

The non-Federal interest shall be credited with the value of in-kind services provided on or after October 1, 2000, for a project described in paragraph (1) completed on or after that date, if the Secretary determines that the work is integral to the project.

(5) Definition of ecological success

In this subsection, the term "ecological success" means—

(A) achieving a tenfold increase in native oyster biomass by the year 2010, from a 1994 baseline; and

(B) the establishment of a sustainable fishery as determined by a broad scientific and economic consensus.

In carrying out paragraph (4),¹ the Chief of Engineers may solicit participation by and the services of commercial watermen in the construction of the reefs.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title VII, §704, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4157; Pub. L. 104–303, title V, §505, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3757; Pub. L. 106–541, title III, §342, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2612; Pub. L. 107–66, title I, §113, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 496; Pub. L. 109–103, title I, §126, Nov. 19, 2005, 119 Stat. 2259; Pub. L. 110–114, title V, §5021, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1202; Pub. L. 113–121, title IV, §4010(b), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1318; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1180, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1677.)

References in Text

Paragraph (4), referred to in concluding provisions of subsec. (b), meaning subsec. (b)(4) of this section, was redesignated subsec. (b)(1)(D) by Pub. L. 107–66, title I, §113(1), (2), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 496. Subsequently, Pub. L. 110–114, title V, §5021(1), (2)(B), (3), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1202, redesignated subsec. (b)(1)(D) as (b)(2)(D), struck it out, added a new subsec. (b)(2)(D), and redesignated former subsec. (b)(2) as (b)(4).

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–322 substituted "$100,000,000" for "$60,000,000".

2014—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–121, §4010(b)(1), substituted "$60,000,000" for "$50,000,000".

Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 113–121, §4010(b)(2), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The non-Federal share may be provided through in-kind services, including the provision by the non-Federal interest of shell stock material that is determined by the Chief of Engineers to be suitable for use in carrying out the project."

2007—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–114, §5021(2), substituted "$50,000,000" for "$30,000,000" in second sentence and designated last sentence as par. (2).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–114, §5021(2)(B), designated last sentence of par. (1) as (2) and inserted heading. Former par. (2) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 110–114, §5021(3), added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: "the construction of reefs and related clean shell substrate for fish habitat, including manmade 3-dimensional oyster reefs, in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries in Maryland and Virginia if the reefs are preserved as permanent sanctuaries by the non-Federal interests, consistent with the recommendations of the scientific consensus document on Chesapeake Bay oyster restoration dated June 1999."

Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 110–114, §5021(1), (3), added par. (3) and redesignated par. (2) as (4).

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 110–114, §5021(4), which directed addition of par. (5) at end of subsec. (b), was executed by adding par. (5) after par. (4) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

2005—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–103 substituted "$30,000,000" for "$20,000,000" in introductory provisions.

2001—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–66 inserted subsec. heading, designated introductory provisions as par. (1), inserted par. (1) heading, redesignated former pars. (1) to (4) as subpars. (A) to (D), respectively, of par. (1), and substituted par. (2) for first sentence of concluding provisions which read "The non-Federal share of the cost of any project under this section shall be 25 percent."

2000—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–541, §342(1), (3), substituted "$20,000,000" for "$7,000,000" in second sentence of introductory provisions and inserted at end of concluding provisions "In carrying out paragraph (4), the Chief of Engineers may solicit participation by and the services of commercial watermen in the construction of the reefs."

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 106–541, §342(2), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "the construction of a reef for fish habitat in the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia."

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–303 substituted "$7,000,000" for "$5,000,000" in introductory provisions and inserted "and Virginia" after "Maryland" in par. (4).

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report required under subsec. (a) of this section is listed on page 68), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§2263a. Aquatic invasive species research

(a) In general

As part of the ongoing activities of the Engineer Research and Development Center to address the spread and impacts of aquatic invasive species, the Secretary shall undertake research on the management and eradication of aquatic invasive species, including Asian carp and zebra mussels.

(b) Locations

In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall work with Corps of Engineers district offices representing diverse geographical regions of the continental United States that are impacted by aquatic invasive species, such as the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts and the Great Lakes.

(c) Report

Not later than 180 days after October 23, 2018, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report recommending a plan to address the spread and impacts of aquatic invasive species.

(Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1108, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3774.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2018, and also as part of the America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 102 of Pub. L. 115–270, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2264. Deauthorization of studies

(a) Notwithstanding section 3003 of Public Law 104–66 (31 U.S.C. 1113 note; 109 Stat. 734), not later than one year after November 17, 1986, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a list of incomplete water resources studies which have been authorized, but for which no funds have been appropriated during the 5 full fiscal years preceding the submission of such list. For each such study the Secretary shall include the following information:

(1) the date of authorization and the manner in which the study was authorized;

(2) a description of the purposes of the study;

(3) a description of funding that has been made available for the study;

(4) a description of any work that has been performed in carrying out the study and the results and conclusions, if any, of such work; and

(5) a description of any work that remains to be done in carrying out the study and the time necessary for and estimated cost of completing such work.

(b) Each study included in a list under subsection (a) is not authorized on and after the 90th day following the submission to Congress of such list if no funds have been appropriated for such study after the list is submitted and before such 90th day.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title VII, §710, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4160; Pub. L. 106–109, §8(b), Nov. 24, 1999, 113 Stat. 1495.)

Amendments

1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–109, in first sentence, substituted "Notwithstanding section 3003 of Public Law 104–66 (31 U.S.C. 1113 note; 109 Stat. 734), not" for "Not".

§2265. Columbia River/Arkansas River Basin transfers

(a) No Federal agency shall study or participate in the study of any regional or river basin plan or any plan for any Federal water and related land resource project which has as its objective the transfer of water from the Columbia River Basin to any other region or any other major river basin of the United States, unless such study is approved by the Governors of all affected States.

(b) For a period of 5 years after November 17, 1986, no Federal agency shall study or participate in the study of any regional or river basin plan or any plan for any Federal water and related land resource project which has as its objective the transfer of water from the Arkansas River Basin to any other region or any other major river basin of the United States, unless such study is approved by the Governors of all affected States.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title VII, §715, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4161.)

§2266. Canadian tidal power study

(a) Study authority

The Secretary, after consultation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Marine Fisheries Service, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and other appropriate governmental agencies, and the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, is authorized and directed to undertake studies to identify the impacts on the United States of potential Canadian tidal power development in the Bay of Fundy, and submit such studies to the appropriate committees of the Congress.

(b) Study phases

The Secretary shall conduct the studies authorized in subsection (a) of this section in two phases:

(1) Studies to be completed not later than October 1, 1988, to (A) identify effects of any such projects on tidal ranges and resulting impacts to beaches and estuarine areas, and (B) identify further studies which would be needed to meet the requirements of paragraph (2) of this subsection; and

(2) Studies to be completed not later than October 1, 1990, to (A) determine further environmental, social, economic, and institutional impacts of such tidal power development, and (B) determine what measures could be taken in Canada and the United States to offset or minimize any adverse impacts of such development on the United States.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

In the fiscal year ending September 30, 1987, or in any fiscal year thereafter, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary the sum of $1,100,000 for the purposes of subsection (b)(1) of this section, and the sum of $8,900,000 for the purposes of subsection (b)(2) of this section, such sums to remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title VII, §724, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4163.)

§2267. New York Bight study

(a) Study authority

The Secretary shall study a hydro-environmental monitoring and information system in the New York Bight in the form of a system using computerized buoys and radio telemetry that allows for the continual monitoring (at strategically located sites throughout the New York Bight) of the following: wind, wave, current, salinity and thermal gradients and sea chemistry, in order to measure the effect of changes due to air and water pollution, including changes due to continued dumping in the Bight.

(b) Study of physical hydraulic model

In addition, the Secretary shall study a proper physical hydraulic model of the New York Bight and for such an offshore model to be tied into the existing inshore physical hydraulic model of the Port of New York and New Jersey operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.

(c) Agency coordination; findings and recommendations

The Secretary shall coordinate fully with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency in carrying out the study described in this section and shall report any findings and recommendations to Congress. The Secretary and the Administrator shall also consider the views of other appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies, academic institutions, and members of the public who are concerned about water quality in the New York Bight.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated not more than $1,000,000 per fiscal year for each of fiscal years 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title VII, §728, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4164.)

New York Bight and Harbor Study

Pub. L. 102–580, title III, §326, Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4850, as amended by Pub. L. 104–303, title IV, §433, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3746, provided that:

"(a) In General.—As a continuation of the study pursuant to section 728 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 [33 U.S.C. 2267], the Secretary shall study a hydro-environmental monitoring and information system in the New York Bight and New York Harbor and tributaries to the head of tide, in the form of a system using computerized buoys and radio telemetry that allows for the continual monitoring (at strategically located sites throughout the New York Bight and Harbor region) of the following: wind, wave, current, salinity, and thermal gradients and sea chemistry, in order to measure the effect of changes due to air and water pollution, including changes due to continued dumping in the Bight. This effort will include the study of a verified, nested, high-resolution Harbor/Bight Apex numerical model, and supportive monitoring and information systems.

"(b) Hydraulic Model.—In addition, the Secretary shall study a proper physical hydraulic model of the New York Bight and the tying in of such model to the existing inshore physical hydraulic model of the Port of New York and New Jersey operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.

"(c) Purpose.—This New York Bight and Harbor effort will address the engineering, environmental, and social impacts of natural and man-made changes to the New York Bight, including water quality parameters such as contaminant and sediment transport effects, and nutrient eutrophication.

"(d) Coordination With EPA; Reports.—The Secretary shall coordinate fully with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency in carrying out the study described in the section and shall report any findings and recommendations to Congress. The Secretary and the Administrator shall also consider the views of other appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies, academic institutions, and members of the public who are concerned about water and sediment quality in the New York Bight and Harbor region.

"(e) Remediation Techniques.—

"(1) In general.—To test and verify contaminant and sediment tracking ability of the models, and to reduce the problems associated with the dredging and disposal of dioxin contaminated sediments in the region, a study shall be performed to identify appropriate remediation techniques (including isolation and treatment) for mitigating dioxin contaminated sediments at their sources. The study and report are not intended to encumber civil works projects under development or scheduled to be maintained. Work on these projects shall proceed along the present schedule.

"(2) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 31, 1992], the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate, the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives, and to the State of New Jersey a report on—

"(A) the dioxin study and monitoring required in this subsection; and

"(B) the effectiveness and costs of all reasonable remediation measures, including recommendations as to a plan for implementation of the most time and cost-effective measures.

"(f) Funding.—There is authorized to be appropriated $3,000,000 for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1992. Such sums shall remain available until expended."

Pub. L. 100–220, title II, subtitle C, Dec. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 1467, as amended by Pub. L. 100–688, title I, §1003(b), (c), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4150, directed Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, within 3 years after Dec. 29, 1987, in consultation with Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other Federal, State, and interstate agencies, to prepare and submit to Congress a New York Bight Restoration Plan and a detailed schedule and two preliminary reports at specified times, and further directed Administrator to conduct a study of problems associated with plastic debris in the New York Bight and report to Congress within 6 months after Dec. 29, 1987.

§2267a. Watershed and river basin assessments

(a) In general

The Secretary may assess the water resources needs of river basins and watersheds of the United States, including needs relating to—

(1) ecosystem protection and restoration;

(2) flood damage reduction;

(3) navigation and ports;

(4) watershed protection;

(5) water supply; and

(6) drought preparedness.

(b) Cooperation

An assessment under subsection (a) shall be carried out in cooperation and coordination with—

(1) the Secretary of the Interior;

(2) the Secretary of Agriculture;

(3) the Secretary of Commerce;

(4) the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency; and

(5) the heads of other appropriate agencies.

(c) Consultation

In carrying out an assessment under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consult with Federal, tribal, State, interstate, and local governmental entities.

(d) Priority river basins and watersheds

In selecting river basins and watersheds for assessment under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to—

(1) the Delaware River basin;

(2) the Kentucky River basin;

(3) the Potomac River basin;

(4) the Susquehanna River basin;

(5) the Willamette River basin;

(6) Tuscarawas River Basin, Ohio;

(7) Sauk River Basin, Snohomish and Skagit Counties, Washington;

(8) Niagara River Basin, New York;

(9) Genesee River Basin, New York; and

(10) White River Basin, Arkansas and Missouri.

(e) Acceptance of contributions

In carrying out an assessment under subsection (a), the Secretary may accept contributions, in cash or in kind, from Federal, tribal, State, interstate, and local governmental entities to the extent that the Secretary determines that the contributions will facilitate completion of the assessment.

(f) Cost-sharing requirements

(1) Non-Federal share

The non-Federal share of the costs of an assessment carried out under this section on or after December 11, 2000, shall be 25 percent.

(2) Credit

(A) In general

Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary may credit toward the non-Federal share of an assessment under this section the cost of services, materials, supplies, or other in-kind contributions provided by the non-Federal interests for the assessment.

(B) Maximum amount of credit

The credit under subparagraph (A) may not exceed an amount equal to 25 percent of the costs of the assessment.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title VII, §729, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4164; Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §202, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2587; Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2010, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1074.)

Amendments

2007—Subsec. (d)(6) to (10). Pub. L. 110–114, §2010(1), added pars. (6) to (10).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 110–114, §2010(2), added par. (1) and struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as follows: "The non-Federal share of the costs of an assessment carried out under this section shall be 50 percent."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–114, §2010(3), struck out heading and text of subsec. (g). Text read as follows: "There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $15,000,000."

2000—Pub. L. 106–541 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows:

"(a) The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of the Interior and in consultation with appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies, is authorized to study the water resources needs of river basins and regions of the United States. The Secretaries shall report the results of such study to Congress not later than October 1, 1988.

"(b) In carrying out the studies authorized under subsection (a) of this section, the Secretaries shall consult with State, interstate, and local governmental entities.

"(c) There is authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1986, to carry out this section."

§2267b. Post-disaster watershed assessments

(a) Watershed assessments

(1) In general

In an area that the President has declared a major disaster in accordance with section 5170 of title 42, the Secretary may carry out a watershed assessment to identify, to the maximum extent practicable, specific flood risk reduction, hurricane and storm damage reduction, ecosystem restoration, or navigation project recommendations that will help to rehabilitate and improve the resiliency of damaged infrastructure and natural resources to reduce risks to human life and property from future natural disasters.

(2) Existing projects

A watershed assessment carried out paragraph ¹ (1) may identify existing projects being carried out under 1 or more of the authorities referred to in subsection (b)(1).

(3) Duplicate watershed assessments

In carrying out a watershed assessment under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall use all existing watershed assessments and related information developed by the Secretary or other Federal, State, or local entities.

(b) Projects

(1) In general

The Secretary may carry out projects identified under a watershed assessment under subsection (a) in accordance with the criteria for projects carried out under one of the following authorities:

(A) Section 205 of the Flood Control Act of 1948 (33 U.S.C. 701s).

(B) Section 111 of the River and Harbor Act of 1968 (33 U.S.C. 426i).

(C) Section 206 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1996 (33 U.S.C. 2330).

(D) Section 1135 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2309a).

(E) Section 107 of the River and Harbor Act of 1960 (33 U.S.C. 577).

(F) Section 3 of the Act of August 13, 1946 (33 U.S.C. 426g).

(2) Annual plan

For each project that does not meet the criteria under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall include a recommendation relating to the project in the annual report submitted to Congress by the Secretary in accordance with section 2282d of this title.

(3) Existing projects

In carrying out a project under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall—

(A) to the maximum extent practicable, use all existing information and studies available for the project; and

(B) not require any element of a study completed for the project prior to the disaster to be repeated.

(c) Requirements

All requirements applicable to a project under the Acts described in subsection (b) shall apply to the project.

(d) Limitations on assessments

A watershed assessment under subsection (a) shall be initiated not later than 2 years after the date on which the major disaster declaration is issued.

(e) Assessments in territories of the United States

(1) In general

For any major disaster declared in a territory of the United States before October 23, 2018, all activities in the territory carried out or undertaken pursuant to the authorities described in this section shall be conducted at full Federal expense unless the President determines that the territory has the ability to pay the cost share for an assessment under this section without the use of loans.

(2) Territory defined

In this subsection, the term "territory of the United States" means an insular area specified in section 2310(a)(1) of this title.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title III, §3025, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1303; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1139, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3784.)

References in Text

The Flood Control Act of 1948, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1)(A) and (c), is act June 30, 1948, ch. 771, title II, 62 Stat. 1175. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The River and Harbor Act of 1968, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1)(B) and (c), is Pub. L. 90–483, title I, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 731. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Water Resources Development Act of 1996, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1)(C) and (c), is Pub. L. 104–303, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3658. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1996 Amendment note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

The Water Resources Development Act of 1986, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1)(D) and (c), is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

The River and Harbor Act of 1960, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1)(E) and (c), is Pub. L. 86–645, title I, July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 480. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Act of August 13, 1946, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1)(F) and (c), is act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 960, 60 Stat. 1056. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–270 added subsec. (e).

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

¹ So in original. Probably should be preceded by "under".

§2268. Marine technology review

(a) Dredging needs

The Secretary is authorized to conduct such studies as are necessary to provide a report to Congress on the dredging needs of the national ports and harbors of the United States. The report shall include existing and projected future project depths, types and sizes of ships in use, and world trade patterns, an assessment of the future national waterside infrastructure needs, and a comparison of drafts of United States and selected world ports.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated $2,500,000 to carry out this section for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1992. Such sums shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 102–580, title IV, §402, Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4862.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1992, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 3 of Pub. L. 102–580, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2269. Tribal partnership program

(a) Definition of Indian tribe

In this section, the term "Indian tribe" has the meaning given the term in section 5304 of title 25.

(b) Program

(1) In general

In cooperation with Indian tribes and the heads of other Federal agencies, the Secretary may carry out water-related planning activities, or activities relating to the study, design, and construction of water resources development projects, that—

(A) will substantially benefit Indian tribes; and

(B) are located primarily within Indian country (as defined in section 1151 of title 18, and including lands that are within the jurisdictional area of an Oklahoma Indian tribe, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior, and are recognized by the Secretary of the Interior as eligible for trust land status under part 151 of title 25, Code of Federal Regulations) or in proximity to Alaska Native villages.

(2) Authorized activities

An activity conducted under paragraph (1) may address—

(A) projects for flood damage reduction, environmental restoration and protection, and preservation of cultural and natural resources;

(B) watershed assessments and planning activities; and

(C) such other projects as the Secretary, in cooperation with Indian tribes and the heads of other Federal agencies, determines to be appropriate.

(3) Feasibility study and reports

(A) In general

On the request of an Indian tribe, the Secretary shall conduct a study on, and provide to the Indian tribe a report describing, the feasibility of a water resources development project described in paragraph (1).

(B) Recommendation

A report under subparagraph (A) may, but shall not be required to, contain a recommendation on a specific water resources development project.

(4) Design and construction

(A) In general

The Secretary may carry out the design and construction of a water resources development project, or separable element of a project, described in paragraph (1) that the Secretary determines is feasible if the Federal share of the cost of the project or separable element is not more than $12,500,000.

(B) Specific authorization

If the Federal share of the cost of the project or separable element described in subparagraph (A) is more than $12,500,000, the Secretary may only carry out the project or separable element if Congress enacts a law authorizing the Secretary to carry out the project or separable element.

(c) Consultation and coordination with Secretary of the Interior

(1) In general

In recognition of the unique role of the Secretary of the Interior concerning trust responsibilities with Indian tribes and in recognition of mutual trust responsibilities, the Secretary shall consult with the Secretary of the Interior concerning an activity conducted under subsection (b).

(2) Integration of activities

The Secretary shall—

(A) integrate civil works activities of the Department of the Army with activities of the Department of the Interior to avoid conflicts, duplications of effort, or unanticipated adverse effects on Indian tribes; and

(B) consider the authorities and programs of the Department of the Interior and other Federal agencies in any recommendations concerning an activity conducted under subsection (b).

(d) Cost sharing

(1) Ability to pay

(A) In general

Any cost-sharing agreement for an activity conducted under subsection (b) shall be subject to the ability of the non-Federal interest to pay.

(B) Use of procedures

(i) In general

The ability of a non-Federal interest to pay shall be determined by the Secretary in accordance with procedures established by the Secretary.

(ii) Determination

Not later than 180 days after June 10, 2014, the Secretary shall issue guidance on the procedures described in clause (i).

(2) Credit

The Secretary may credit toward the non-Federal share of the costs of an activity conducted under subsection (b) the cost of services, studies, supplies, or other in-kind contributions provided by the non-Federal interest.

(3) Sovereign immunity

The Secretary shall not require an Indian tribe to waive the sovereign immunity of the Indian tribe as a condition to entering into a cost-sharing agreement under this subsection.

(4) Water resources development projects

(A) In general

The non-Federal share of costs for the study of a water resources development project described in subsection (b)(1) shall be 50 percent.

(B) Other costs

The non-Federal share of costs of design and construction of a project described in subparagraph (A) shall be assigned to the appropriate project purposes described in sections 2211 and 2213 of this title and shared in the same percentages as the purposes to which the costs are assigned.

(5) Water-related planning activities

(A) In general

The non-Federal share of costs of a watershed and river basin assessment conducted under subsection (b) shall be 25 percent.

(B) Other costs

The non-Federal share of costs of other water-related planning activities described in subsection (b)(1) shall be 50 percent.

(e) Restrictions

The Secretary is authorized to carry out activities under this section for fiscal years 2015 through 2024.

(Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §203, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2588; Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2011, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1074; Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1031(a), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1232; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1121, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1644; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1157(i), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3794.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2000, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 115–270 amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(A) In general.—The Secretary may carry out the design and construction of a water resources development project described in paragraph (1) that the Secretary determines is feasible if the Federal share of the cost of the project is not more than $10,000,000.

"(B) Specific authorization.—If the Federal share of the cost of a project described in subparagraph (A) is more than $10,000,000, the Secretary may only carry out the project if Congress enacts a law authorizing the Secretary to carry out the project."

2016—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–322, §1121(1)(A), substituted "the Secretary may carry out water-related planning activities, or activities relating to the study, design, and construction of water resources development projects," for "the Secretary may carry out water-related planning activities and study and determine the feasibility of carrying out water resources development projects" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 114–322, §1121(1)(B), substituted "Authorized activities" for "Matters to be studied" in heading and "An activity" for "A study" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 114–322, §1121(1)(C), added pars. (3) and (4).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–322, §1121(2)(A), substituted "an activity" for "studies".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–322, §1121(2)(B), substituted "an activity conducted" for "carrying out projects studied".

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–322, §1121(3)(A), substituted "an activity conducted" for "a study".

Subsec. (d)(2) to (5). Pub. L. 114–322, §1121(3)(B), added pars. (2) to (5) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text of par. (2) read as follows: "The Secretary may credit toward the non-Federal share of the costs of a study under subsection (b) the cost of services, studies, supplies, or other in-kind contributions provided by the non-Federal interest if the Secretary determines that the services, studies, supplies, and other in-kind contributions will facilitate completion of the study."

2014—Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 113–121, §1031(a)(1), designated existing provisions as cl. (i), inserted heading, and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–121, §1031(a)(2), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which authorized appropriations for fiscal years 2002 to 2012.

2007—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–114, §2011(a)(1), inserted "carry out water-related planning activities and" after "the Secretary may" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110–114, §2011(a)(2), inserted ", and including lands that are within the jurisdictional area of an Oklahoma Indian tribe, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior, and are recognized by the Secretary of the Interior as eligible for trust land status under part 151 of title 25, Code of Federal Regulations" after "section 1151 of title 18".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–114, §2011(a)(3), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–114, §2011(b), substituted "2012" for "2006".

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 106–541, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

SUBCHAPTER V—GENERAL PROVISIONS

§2280. Maximum cost of projects

(a) In general

In order to insure against cost overruns, each total cost set forth with respect to a project for water resources development and conservation and related purposes authorized to be carried out by the Secretary in this Act or in a law enacted after the date of the enactment of this Act, including the Water Resources Development Act of 1988, or in an amendment made by this Act or any later law with respect to such a project shall be the maximum cost of that project, except that such maximum amount—

(1) may be increased by the Secretary for modifications which do not materially alter the scope or functions of the project as authorized, but not by more than 20 percent of the total cost stated for the project in this Act, in any later law, or in an amendment made by this Act or any later law; and

(2) shall be automatically increased for—

(A) changes in construction costs applied to unconstructed features (including real property acquisitions, preconstruction studies, planning, engineering, and design) from the date of enactment of this Act or any later law (unless otherwise specified) as indicated by engineering and other appropriate cost indexes; and

(B) additional studies, modifications, and actions (including mitigation and other environmental actions) authorized by this Act or any later law or required by changes in Federal law.

(b) Contributions by non-Federal interests

Notwithstanding subsection (a), in accordance with section 701h of this title, the Secretary may accept funds from a non-Federal interest for any authorized water resources development project that has exceeded its maximum cost under subsection (a), and use such funds to carry out such project, if the use of such funds does not increase the Federal share of the cost of such project.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §902, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4183; Pub. L. 100–676, §3(b), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4014; Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1023, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1228.)

References in Text

This Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

The date of enactment of this Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 99–662, which was approved Nov. 17, 1986.

The Water Resources Development Act of 1988, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 100–676, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4012. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–121 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

1988—Pub. L. 100–676, §3(b)(1), substituted "with respect to a project for water resources development and conservation and related purposes authorized to be carried out by the Secretary in this Act or in a law enacted after the date of the enactment of this Act, including the Water Resources Development Act of 1988, or in an amendment made by this Act or any later law with respect to such a project" for "in this Act, or an amendment made by this Act, for a project".

Par. (1). Pub. L. 100–676, §3(b)(2), inserted ", in any later law," after "in this Act", and "or any later law" after "by this Act".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 100–676, §3(b)(3), (4), inserted "or any later law" after "of this Act" in subpars. (A) and (B).

§2281. Matters to be addressed in planning

(a) In general

Enhancing national economic development (including benefits to particular regions of the Nation not involving the transfer of economic activity to such regions from other regions), the quality of the total environment (including preservation and enhancement of the environment), the well-being of the people of the United States, the prevention of loss of life, and the preservation of cultural and historical values shall be addressed in the formulation and evaluation of water resources projects to be carried out by the Secretary, and the associated benefits and costs, both quantifiable and unquantifiable, and information regarding potential loss of human life that may be associated with flooding and coastal storm events, shall be displayed in the benefits and costs of such projects.

(b) Assessments

For all feasibility reports for water resources projects completed after December 31, 2007, the Secretary shall assess whether—

(1) the water resources project and each separable element is cost-effective; and

(2) the water resources project complies with Federal, State, and local laws (including regulations) and public policies.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §904, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4185; Pub. L. 101–640, title III, §315, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4641; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §231, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3704; Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2033(a), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1084.)

Amendments

2007—Pub. L. 110–114 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

1996—Pub. L. 104–303 inserted "and information regarding potential loss of human life that may be associated with flooding and coastal storm events," after "unquantifiable,".

1990—Pub. L. 101–640 inserted "(including preservation and enhancement of the environment)" after "environment".

Rural Project Evaluation and Selection Criteria

Pub. L. 102–580, title II, §214, Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4831, directed Comptroller General, not later than 18 months after Oct. 31, 1992, to report to Congress with specific legislative and other recommendations on improving the equitable distribution of water resources development projects in rural areas, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §117, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3835.

§2282. Feasibility reports

(a) Preparation of reports

(1) In general

In the case of any water resources project-related study authorized to be undertaken by the Secretary that results in recommendations concerning a project or the operation of a project and that requires specific authorization by Congress in law or otherwise, the Secretary shall prepare a feasibility report, subject to section 2215 of this title.

(2) Contents of feasibility reports

A feasibility report shall describe, with reasonable certainty, the economic, environmental, and social benefits and detriments of the recommended plan and alternative plans considered by the Secretary and the engineering features (including hydrologic and geologic information), the public acceptability, and the purposes, scope, and scale of the recommended plan. A feasibility report shall also include the views of other Federal agencies and non-Federal agencies with regard to the recommended plan, a description of a nonstructural alternative to the recommended plan when such plan does not have significant nonstructural features, and a description of the Federal and non-Federal participation in such plan, and shall demonstrate that States, other non-Federal interests, and Federal agencies have been consulted in the development of the recommended plan. A feasibility report shall include a preliminary analysis of the Federal interest and the costs, benefits, and environmental impacts of the project.

(3) Applicability

This subsection shall not apply to—

(A) any study with respect to which a report has been submitted to Congress before November 17, 1986;

(B) any study for a project, which project is authorized for construction by this Act and is not subject to section 903(b); ¹

(C) any study for a project which does not require specific authorization by Congress in law or otherwise; and

(D) general studies not intended to lead to recommendation of a specific water resources project.

(4) Feasibility report defined

In this subsection, the term "feasibility report" means each feasibility report, and any associated environmental impact statement and mitigation plan, prepared by the Corps of Engineers for a water resources project. The term includes a project implementation report prepared under title VI of the Water Resources Development Act of 2000 (114 Stat. 2680–2694), a general reevaluation report, and a limited reevaluation report.

(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1002(a)(1), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1198

(c) Projects not specifically authorized by Congress

In the case of any water resources project-related study authorized to be undertaken by the Secretary without specific authorization by Congress in law or otherwise, the Secretary shall prepare a detailed project report.

(d) Indian tribes

For purposes of studies undertaken pursuant to this section, the Secretary is authorized to consider benefits which may accrue to Indian tribes as a result of a project resulting from such a study.

(e) Standard and uniform procedures and practices

The Secretary shall undertake such measures as are necessary to ensure that standard and uniform procedures and practices are followed by each district office (and each division office for any area in which there is no district office) of the United States Army Corps of Engineers in the preparation of feasibility reports on water resources projects.

(f) Enhanced public participation

(1) In general

The Secretary shall establish procedures to enhance public participation in the development of each feasibility study under subsection (a), including, if appropriate, establishment of a stakeholder advisory group to assist the Secretary with the development of the study.

(2) Membership

If the Secretary provides for the establishment of a stakeholder advisory group under this subsection, the membership of the advisory group shall include balanced representation of social, economic, and environmental interest groups, and such members shall serve on a voluntary, uncompensated basis.

(3) Limitation

Procedures established under this subsection shall not delay development of any feasibility study under subsection (a).

(g) Detailed project schedule

(1) In general

Not later than 180 days after June 10, 2014, the Secretary shall determine a set of milestones needed for the completion of a feasibility study under this subsection, including all major actions, report submissions and responses, reviews, and comment periods.

(2) Detailed project schedule milestones

Each District Engineer shall, to the maximum extent practicable, establish a detailed project schedule, based on full funding capability, that lists all deadlines for milestones relating to feasibility studies in the District developed by the Secretary under paragraph (1).

(3) Non-Federal interest notification

Each District Engineer shall submit by certified mail the detailed project schedule under paragraph (2) to each relevant non-Federal interest—

(A) for projects that have received funding from the General Investigations Account of the Corps of Engineers in the period beginning on October 1, 2009, and ending on June 10, 2014, not later than 180 days after the establishment of milestones under paragraph (1); and

(B) for projects for which a feasibility cost-sharing agreement is executed after the establishment of milestones under paragraph (1), not later than 90 days after the date on which the agreement is executed.

(4) Congressional and public notification

Beginning in the first full fiscal year after June 10, 2014, the Secretary shall—

(A) submit an annual report that lists all detailed project schedules under paragraph (2) and an explanation of any missed deadlines to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; and

(B) make publicly available, including on the Internet, a copy of the annual report described in subparagraph (A) not later than 14 days after date ² on which a report is submitted to Congress.

(5) Failure to act

If a District Engineer fails to meet any of the deadlines in the project schedule under paragraph (2), the District Engineer shall—

(A) not later than 30 days after each missed deadline, submit to the non-Federal interest a report detailing—

(i) why the District Engineer failed to meet the deadline; and

(ii) a revised project schedule reflecting amended deadlines for the feasibility study; and

(B) not later than 30 days after each missed deadline, make publicly available, including on the Internet, a copy of the amended project schedule described in subparagraph (A)(ii).

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §905, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4185; Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §222(a), Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2597; Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2043(b), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1101; Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1002(a)–(c), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1198.)

References in Text

This Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(B), is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

Section 903(b), referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(B), is section 903(b) of Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4184, which is not classified to the Code.

The Water Resources Development Act of 2000, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), is Pub. L. 106–541, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2572. Title VI of the Act is not classified to the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2000 Amendment note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 113–121, §1002(a)(2), struck out "perform a reconnaissance study and" after "shall".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 113–121, §1002(b), inserted at end "A feasibility report shall include a preliminary analysis of the Federal interest and the costs, benefits, and environmental impacts of the project."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–121, §1002(a)(1), struck out subsec. (b) which related to performing reconnaissance studies prior to initiating feasibility studies.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 113–121, §1002(c), added subsec. (g).

2007—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–114, §2043(b)(1), designated first sentence of existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted subsec. (a) and par. (1) headings, substituted "the Secretary that results in recommendations concerning a project or the operation of a project and that requires specific authorization by Congress in law or otherwise, the Secretary shall perform a reconnaissance study and" for "the Secretary, the Secretary shall" in par. (1), designated second and third sentences of existing provisions as par. (2) and inserted heading, substituted "A feasibility report" for "Such feasibility report" and "The feasibility report" in par. (2), added pars. (3) and (4), and struck out last sentence of existing provisions which read as follows: "This subsection shall not apply to (1) any study with respect to which a report has been submitted to Congress before November 17, 1986, (2) any study for a project, which project is authorized for construction by this Act and is not subject to section 903(b), (3) any study for a project which is authorized under any of the following sections: section 205 of the Flood Control Act of 1948 (33 U.S.C. 701s), section 2 of the Flood Control Act of August 28, 1946 (33 U.S.C. 701r), section 107 of the River and Harbor Act of 1960 (33 U.S.C. 577), section 3 of the Act entitled 'An Act authorizing Federal participation in the cost of protecting the shores of publicly owned property', approved August 13, 1946 (33 U.S.C. 426g), and section 111 of the River and Harbor Act of 1968 (33 U.S.C. 426i), and (4) general studies not intended to lead to recommendation of a specific water resources project."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–114, §2043(b)(2)(A), inserted heading.

Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 110–114, §2043(b)(2)(B)–(E), added subsec. (c), redesignated former subsecs. (c) to (e) as (d) to (f), respectively, and inserted headings in subsecs. (d) and (e).

2000—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–541 added subsec. (e).

Natural Infrastructure

Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1149(c), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3787, provided that: "In carrying out a feasibility report developed under section 905 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2282) for a project for flood risk management or hurricane and storm damage risk reduction, the Secretary [of the Army] shall consider the use of both traditional and natural infrastructure alternatives, alone or in conjunction with each other, if those alternatives are practicable."

Continuation of Studies

Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1002(d), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1199, provided that: "The Secretary [of the Army] shall continue to carry out a study for which a reconnaissance level investigation has been initiated before the date of enactment of this Act [June 10, 2014] as if this section [amending this section], including the amendments made by this section, had not been enacted."

Expedited Completion of Reports

Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1003, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1199, provided that: "The Secretary [of the Army] shall—

"(1) expedite the completion of any on-going feasibility study for a project initiated before the date of enactment of this Act [June 10, 2014]; and

"(2) if the Secretary determines that the project is justified in a completed report, proceed directly to preconstruction planning, engineering, and design of the project in accordance with section 910 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2287)."

National Academy of Sciences Study

Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §216, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2595, provided that:

"(a) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions apply:

"(1) Academy.—The term 'Academy' means the National Academy of Sciences.

"(2) Method.—The term 'method' means a method, model, assumption, or other pertinent planning tool used in conducting an economic or environmental analysis of a water resources project, including the formulation of a feasibility report.

"(3) Feasibility report.—The term 'feasibility report' means each feasibility report, and each associated environmental impact statement and mitigation plan, prepared by the Corps of Engineers for a water resources project.

"(4) Water resources project.—The term 'water resources project' means a project for navigation, a project for flood control, a project for hurricane and storm damage reduction, a project for emergency streambank and shore protection, a project for ecosystem restoration and protection, and a water resources project of any other type carried out by the Corps of Engineers.

"(b) Independent Peer Review of Projects.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 11, 2000], the Secretary [of the Army] shall contract with the Academy to study, and make recommendations relating to, the independent peer review of feasibility reports.

"(2) Study elements.—In carrying out a contract under paragraph (1), the Academy shall study the practicality and efficacy of the independent peer review of the feasibility reports, including—

"(A) the cost, time requirements, and other considerations relating to the implementation of independent peer review; and

"(B) objective criteria that may be used to determine the most effective application of independent peer review to feasibility reports for each type of water resources project.

"(3) Academy report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of a contract under paragraph (1), the Academy shall submit to the Secretary, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report that includes—

"(A) the results of the study conducted under paragraphs (1) and (2); and

"(B) in light of the results of the study, specific recommendations, if any, on a program for implementing independent peer review of feasibility reports.

"(4) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $1,000,000, to remain available until expended.

"(c) Independent Peer Review of Methods for Project Analysis.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 11, 2000], the Secretary [of the Army] shall contract with the Academy to conduct a study that includes—

"(A) a review of state-of-the-art methods;

"(B) a review of the methods currently used by the Secretary;

"(C) a review of a sample of instances in which the Secretary has applied the methods identified under subparagraph (B) in the analysis of each type of water resources project; and

"(D) a comparative evaluation of the basis and validity of state-of-the-art methods identified under subparagraph (A) and the methods identified under subparagraphs (B) and (C).

"(2) Academy report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of a contract under paragraph (1), the Academy shall transmit to the Secretary, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report that includes—

"(A) the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1); and

"(B) in light of the results of the study, specific recommendations for modifying any of the methods currently used by the Secretary for conducting economic and environmental analyses of water resources projects.

"(3) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $2,000,000. Such sums shall remain available until expended."

Engineering Consulting Services

Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §219, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2596, provided that: "In conducting a feasibility study for a water resources project, the Secretary [of the Army], to the maximum extent practicable, should not employ a person for engineering and consulting services if the same person is also employed by the non-Federal interest for such services unless there is only 1 qualified and responsive bidder for such services."

¹ See References in Text note below.

² So in original. Probably should be preceded by "the".

§2282a. Planning

(a) Omitted

(b) Planning process improvements

The Chief of Engineers—

(1) shall adopt a risk analysis approach to project cost estimates for water resources projects; and

(2) not later than one year after November 8, 2007, shall—

(A) issue procedures for risk analysis for cost estimation for water resources projects; and

(B) submit to Congress a report that includes any recommended amendments to section 2280 of this title.

(c) Benchmarks

(1) In general

Not later than 12 months after November 8, 2007, the Chief of Engineers shall establish benchmarks for determining the length of time it should take to conduct a feasibility study for a water resources project and its associated review process under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.). The Chief of Engineers shall use such benchmarks as a management tool to make the feasibility study process more efficient in all districts of the Corps of Engineers.

(2) Benchmark goals

The Chief of Engineers shall establish, to the extent practicable, under paragraph (1) benchmark goals for completion of feasibility studies for water resources projects generally within 2 years. In the case of feasibility studies that the Chief of Engineers determines may require additional time based on the project type, size, cost, or complexity, the benchmark goal for completion shall be generally within 4 years.

(d) Calculation of benefits and costs for flood damage reduction projects

A feasibility study for a project for flood damage reduction shall include, as part of the calculation of benefits and costs—

(1) a calculation of the residual risk of flooding following completion of the proposed project;

(2) a calculation of the residual risk of loss of human life and residual risk to human safety following completion of the proposed project;

(3) a calculation of any upstream or downstream impacts of the proposed project; and

(4) calculations to ensure that the benefits and costs associated with structural and nonstructural alternatives are evaluated in an equitable manner.

(e) Centers of specialized planning expertise

(1) Establishment

The Secretary may establish centers of expertise to provide specialized planning expertise for water resources projects to be carried out by the Secretary in order to enhance and supplement the capabilities of the districts of the Corps of Engineers.

(2) Duties

A center of expertise established under this subsection shall—

(A) provide technical and managerial assistance to district commanders of the Corps of Engineers for project planning, development, and implementation;

(B) provide agency peer reviews of new major scientific, engineering, or economic methods, models, or analyses that will be used to support decisions of the Secretary with respect to feasibility studies for water resources projects;

(C) provide support for independent peer review panels under section 2343 of this title; and

(D) carry out such other duties as are prescribed by the Secretary.

(3) Deep draft navigation planning center of expertise

(A) In general

The Secretary shall consolidate deep draft navigation expertise within the Corps of Engineers into a deep draft navigation planning center of expertise.

(B) List

Not later than 60 days after the date of the consolidation required under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a list of the grade levels and expertise of each of the personnel assigned to the center described in subparagraph (A).

(f) Completion of Corps of Engineers reports

(1) Alternatives

(A) In general

Feasibility and other studies and assessments for a water resources project shall include recommendations for alternatives—

(i) that, as determined in coordination with the non-Federal interest for the project, promote integrated water resources management; and

(ii) for which the non-Federal interest is willing to provide the non-Federal share for the studies or assessments.

(B) Constraints

The alternatives contained in studies and assessments described in subparagraph (A) shall not be constrained by budgetary or other policy.

(C) Reports of Chief of Engineers

The reports of the Chief of Engineers shall identify any recommendation that is not the best technical solution to water resource needs and problems and the reason for the deviation.

(2) Report completion

The completion of a report of the Chief of Engineers for a water resources project—

(A) shall not be delayed while consideration is being given to potential changes in policy or priority for project consideration; and

(B) shall be submitted, on completion, to—

(i) the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate; and

(ii) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.

(g) Completion review

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), not later than 120 days after the date of completion of a report of the Chief of Engineers that recommends to Congress a water resources project, the Secretary shall—

(A) review the report; and

(B) provide any recommendations of the Secretary regarding the water resources project to Congress.

(2) Prior reports

Not later than 180 days after November 8, 2007, with respect to any report of the Chief of Engineers recommending a water resources project that is complete prior to November 8, 2007, the Secretary shall complete review of, and provide recommendations to Congress for, the report in accordance with paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2033, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1084; Pub. L. 113–121, title II, §2103, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1278.)

References in Text

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of section 2033 of Pub. L. 110–114. Subsec. (a) of section 2033 of Pub. L. 110–114 amended section 2281 of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2007, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 113–121 added par. (3).

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 110–114, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2282b. Submission of reports to Congress

Beginning on January 17, 2014, and hereafter, not later than 120 days after the date of the Chief of Engineers Report on a water resource matter, the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works) shall submit the report to the appropriate authorizing and appropriating committees of the Congress.

(Pub. L. 113–76, div. D, title I, §104, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 157.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2014, and also as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

§2282c. Vertical integration and acceleration of studies

(a) In general

To the extent practicable, a feasibility study initiated by the Secretary, after June 10, 2014, under section 2282(a) of this title shall—

(1) result in the completion of a final feasibility report not later than 3 years after the date of initiation;

(2) have a maximum Federal cost of $3,000,000; and

(3) ensure that personnel from the district, division, and headquarters levels of the Corps of Engineers concurrently conduct the review required under that section.

(b) Extension

If the Secretary determines that a feasibility study described in subsection (a) will not be conducted in accordance with subsection (a), the Secretary, not later than 30 days after the date of making the determination, shall—

(1) prepare an updated feasibility study schedule and cost estimate;

(2) notify the non-Federal feasibility cost-sharing partner that the feasibility study has been delayed; and

(3) provide written notice to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives as to the reasons the requirements of subsection (a) are not attainable.

(c) Termination of authorization

A feasibility study for which the Secretary has issued a determination under subsection (b) is not authorized after the last day of the 1-year period beginning on the date of the determination if the Secretary has not completed the study on or before such last day.

(d) Exception

(1) In general

Notwithstanding the requirements of subsection (c), the Secretary may extend the timeline of a study by a period not to exceed 3 years, if the Secretary determines that the feasibility study is too complex to comply with the requirements of subsections (a) and (c).

(2) Factors

In making a determination that a study is too complex to comply with the requirements of subsections (a) and (c), the Secretary shall consider—

(A) the type, size, location, scope, and overall cost of the project;

(B) whether the project will use any innovative design or construction techniques;

(C) whether the project will require significant action by other Federal, State, or local agencies;

(D) whether there is significant public dispute as to the nature or effects of the project; and

(E) whether there is significant public dispute as to the economic or environmental costs or benefits of the project.

(3) Notification

Each time the Secretary makes a determination under this subsection, the Secretary shall provide written notice to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives as to the results of that determination, including an identification of the specific 1 or more factors used in making the determination that the project is complex.

(4) Limitation

The Secretary shall not extend the timeline for a feasibility study for a period of more than 10 years, and any feasibility study that is not completed before that date shall no longer be authorized.

(e) Reviews

Not later than 90 days after the date of the initiation of a study described in subsection (a) for a project, the Secretary shall—

(1) take all steps necessary to initiate the process for completing federally mandated reviews that the Secretary is required to complete as part of the study, including the environmental review process under section 1005;

(2) convene a meeting of all Federal, tribal, and State agencies identified under section 2348(e) of this title that may be required by law to conduct or issue a review, analysis, or opinion on or to make a determination concerning a permit or license for the study; and

(3) take all steps necessary to provide information that will enable required reviews and analyses related to the project to be conducted by other agencies in a thorough and timely manner.

(f) Interim report

Not later than 18 months after June 10, 2014, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and make publicly available a report that describes—

(1) the status of the implementation of the planning process under this section, including the number of participating projects;

(2) a review of project delivery schedules, including a description of any delays on those studies participating in the planning process under this section; and

(3) any recommendations for additional authority necessary to support efforts to expedite the feasibility study process for water resource projects.

(g) Final report

Not later than 4 years after June 10, 2014, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and make publicly available a report that describes—

(1) the status of the implementation of this section, including a description of each feasibility study subject to the requirements of this section;

(2) the amount of time taken to complete each feasibility study; and

(3) any recommendations for additional authority necessary to support efforts to expedite the feasibility study process, including an analysis of whether the limitation established by subsection (a)(2) needs to be adjusted to address the impacts of inflation.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1001, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1196; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1330(b), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3827.)

References in Text

Section 1005, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), is section 1005 of Pub. L. 113–121, which enacted section 2349 of this title and amended generally section 2348 of this title.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 115–270 substituted "10 years" for "7 years".

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2282d. Annual report to Congress

(a) In general

Not later than February 1 of each year, the Secretary shall develop and submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives an annual report, to be entitled "Report to Congress on Future Water Resources Development", that identifies the following:

(1) Feasibility reports

Each feasibility report that meets the criteria established in subsection (c)(1)(A).

(2) Proposed feasibility studies

Any proposed feasibility study submitted to the Secretary by a non-Federal interest pursuant to subsection (b) that meets the criteria established in subsection (c)(1)(A).

(3) Proposed modifications

Any proposed modification to an authorized water resources development project or feasibility study that meets the criteria established in subsection (c)(1)(A) that—

(A) is submitted to the Secretary by a non-Federal interest pursuant to subsection (b); or

(B) is identified by the Secretary for authorization.

(4) Programmatic modifications

Any programmatic modification for an environmental infrastructure assistance program.

(b) Requests for proposals

(1) Publication

Not later than May 1 of each year, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a notice requesting proposals from non-Federal interests for proposed feasibility studies, proposed modifications to authorized water resources development projects and feasibility studies, and proposed modifications for an environmental infrastructure program to be included in the annual report.

(2) Deadline for requests

The Secretary shall include in each notice required by this subsection a requirement that non-Federal interests submit to the Secretary any proposals described in paragraph (1) by not later than 120 days after the date of publication of the notice in the Federal Register in order for the proposals to be considered for inclusion in the annual report.

(3) Notification

On the date of publication of each notice required by this subsection, the Secretary shall—

(A) make the notice publicly available, including on the Internet; and

(B) provide written notification of the publication to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.

(c) Contents

(1) Feasibility reports, proposed feasibility studies, and proposed modifications

(A) Criteria for inclusion in report

The Secretary shall include in the annual report only those feasibility reports, proposed feasibility studies, and proposed modifications to authorized water resources development projects and feasibility studies that—

(i) are related to the missions and authorities of the Corps of Engineers;

(ii) require specific congressional authorization, including by an Act of Congress;

(iii) have not been congressionally authorized;

(iv) have not been included in any previous annual report; and

(v) if authorized, could be carried out by the Corps of Engineers.

(B) Description of benefits

(i) Description

The Secretary shall describe in the annual report, to the extent applicable and practicable, for each proposed feasibility study and proposed modification to an authorized water resources development project or feasibility study included in the annual report, the benefits, as described in clause (ii), of each such study or proposed modification (including the water resources development project that is the subject of the proposed feasibility study or the proposed modification to an authorized feasibility study).

(ii) Benefits

The benefits (or expected benefits, in the case of a proposed feasibility study) described in this clause are benefits to—

(I) the protection of human life and property;

(II) improvement to transportation;

(III) the national economy;

(IV) the environment; or

(V) the national security interests of the United States.

(C) Identification of other factors

The Secretary shall identify in the annual report, to the extent practicable—

(i) for each proposed feasibility study included in the annual report, the non-Federal interest that submitted the proposed feasibility study pursuant to subsection (b); and

(ii) for each proposed feasibility study and proposed modification to an authorized water resources development project or feasibility study included in the annual report, whether the non-Federal interest has demonstrated—

(I) that local support exists for the proposed feasibility study or proposed modification to an authorized water resources development project or feasibility study (including the water resources development project that is the subject of the proposed feasibility study or the proposed modification to an authorized feasibility study); and

(II) the financial ability to provide the required non-Federal cost share.

(2) Transparency

The Secretary shall include in the annual report, for each feasibility report, proposed feasibility study, and proposed modification to an authorized water resources development project or feasibility study included under paragraph (1)(A)—

(A) the name of the associated non-Federal interest, including the name of any non-Federal interest that has contributed, or is expected to contribute, a non-Federal share of the cost of—

(i) the feasibility report;

(ii) the proposed feasibility study;

(iii) the authorized feasibility study for which the modification is proposed; or

(iv) construction of—

(I) the water resources development project that is the subject of—

(aa) the feasibility report;

(bb) the proposed feasibility study; or

(cc) the authorized feasibility study for which a modification is proposed; or

(II) the proposed modification to an authorized water resources development project;

(B) a letter or statement of support for the feasibility report, proposed feasibility study, or proposed modification to an authorized water resources development project or feasibility study from each associated non-Federal interest;

(C) the purpose of the feasibility report, proposed feasibility study, or proposed modification to an authorized water resources development project or feasibility study;

(D) an estimate, to the extent practicable, of the Federal, non-Federal, and total costs of—

(i) the proposed modification to an authorized feasibility study; and

(ii) construction of—

(I) the water resources development project that is the subject of—

(aa) the feasibility report; or

(bb) the authorized feasibility study for which a modification is proposed, with respect to the change in costs resulting from such modification; or

(II) the proposed modification to an authorized water resources development project; and

(E) an estimate, to the extent practicable, of the monetary and nonmonetary benefits of—

(i) the water resources development project that is the subject of—

(I) the feasibility report; or

(II) the authorized feasibility study for which a modification is proposed, with respect to the benefits of such modification; or

(ii) the proposed modification to an authorized water resources development project.

(3) Certification

The Secretary shall include in the annual report a certification stating that each feasibility report, proposed feasibility study, and proposed modification to an authorized water resources development project or feasibility study included in the annual report meets the criteria established in paragraph (1)(A).

(4) Appendix

(A) In general

The Secretary shall include in the annual report an appendix listing the proposals submitted under subsection (b) that were not included in the annual report under paragraph (1)(A) and a description of why the Secretary determined that those proposals did not meet the criteria for inclusion under such paragraph.

(B) Limitation

In carrying out the activities described in this section—

(i) the Secretary shall not include proposals in the appendix of the annual report that otherwise meet the criteria for inclusion in the annual report solely on the basis of the Secretary's determination that the proposal requires legislative changes to an authorized water resources development project, feasibility study, or environmental infrastructure program; and

(ii) the Secretary shall not include proposals in the appendix of the annual report that otherwise meet the criteria for inclusion in the annual report solely on the basis of a policy of the Secretary.

(d) Programmatic modifications in annual report

The Secretary shall include in the annual report only proposed modifications for an environmental infrastructure assistance program that have not been included in any previous annual report. For each proposed modification, the Secretary shall include a letter or statement of support for the proposed modification from each associated non-Federal interest, description of assistance provided, and total Federal cost of assistance provided.

(e) Special rule for initial annual report

Notwithstanding any other deadlines required by this section, the Secretary shall—

(1) not later than 60 days after June 10, 2014, publish in the Federal Register a notice required by subsection (b)(1); and

(2) include in such notice a requirement that non-Federal interests submit to the Secretary any proposals described in subsection (b)(1) by not later than 120 days after the date of publication of such notice in the Federal Register in order for such proposals to be considered for inclusion in the first annual report developed by the Secretary under this section.

(f) Publication

Upon submission of an annual report to Congress, the Secretary shall make the annual report publicly available, including through publication on the Internet.

(g) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Annual report

The term "annual report" means a report required by subsection (a).

(2) Feasibility report

(A) In general

The term "feasibility report" means a final feasibility report developed under section 2282 of this title.

(B) Inclusions

The term "feasibility report" includes—

(i) a report described in section 2215(d)(2) of this title; and

(ii) where applicable, any associated report of the Chief of Engineers.

(3) Feasibility study

The term "feasibility study" has the meaning given that term in section 2215 of this title.

(4) Non-Federal interest

The term "non-Federal interest" has the meaning given that term in section 1962d–5b of title 42.

(5) Water resources development project

The term "water resources development project" includes a project under an environmental infrastructure assistance program if authorized before December 16, 2016.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title VII, §7001, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1360; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1157(b), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1666; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1332(a), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3834.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 115–270, §1332(a)(1), added par. (4).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–270, §1332(a)(2), substituted "studies, proposed modifications to authorized water resources development projects and feasibility studies, and proposed modifications for an environmental infrastructure program" for "studies and proposed modifications to authorized water resources development projects and feasibility studies".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 115–270, §1332(a)(5), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall include in the annual report an appendix listing the proposals submitted under subsection (b) that were not included in the annual report under paragraph (1)(A) and a description of why the Secretary determined that those proposals did not meet the criteria for inclusion under such paragraph."

Subsecs. (d) to (g). Pub. L. 115–270, §1332(a)(3), (4), added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsecs. (d) to (f) as (e) to (g), respectively.

2016—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 114–322 added par. (5).

Dissemination of Information

Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1104, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3771, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—Congress finds the following:

"(1) Congress plays a central role in identifying, prioritizing, and authorizing vital water resources infrastructure activities throughout the United States.

"(2) The Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–121) established a new and transparent process to review and prioritize the water resources development activities of the Corps of Engineers with strong congressional oversight.

"(3) Section 7001 of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 (33 U.S.C. 2282d) requires the Secretary [of the Army] to develop and submit to Congress each year a Report to Congress on Future Water Resources Development and, as part of the annual report process, to—

"(A) publish a notice in the Federal Register that requests from non-Federal interests proposed feasibility studies and proposed modifications to authorized water resources development projects and feasibility studies for inclusion in the report; and

"(B) review the proposals submitted and include in the report those proposed feasibility studies and proposed modifications that meet the criteria for inclusion established under such section 7001.

"(4) Congress will use the information provided in the annual Report to Congress on Future Water Resources Development to determine authorization needs and priorities for purposes of water resources development legislation.

"(5) To ensure that Congress can gain a thorough understanding of the water resources development needs and priorities of the United States, it is important that the Secretary take sufficient steps to ensure that non-Federal interests are made aware of the new annual report process, including the need for non-Federal interests to submit proposals during the Secretary's annual request for proposals in order for such proposals to be eligible for consideration by Congress.

"(b) Dissemination of Process Information.—The Secretary shall develop, support, and implement education and awareness efforts for non-Federal interests with respect to the annual Report to Congress on Future Water Resources Development required under section 7001 of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 (33 U.S.C. 2282d), including efforts to—

"(1) develop and disseminate technical assistance materials, seminars, and guidance on the annual process as it relates to non-Federal interests;

"(2) provide written notice to local elected officials and previous and potential non-Federal interests on the annual process and on opportunities to address local water resources challenges through the missions and authorities of the Corps of Engineers;

"(3) issue guidance for non-Federal interests to assist such interests in developing proposals for water resources development projects that satisfy the requirements of such section 7001; and

"(4) provide, at the request of a non-Federal interest, assistance with researching and identifying existing project authorizations and Corps of Engineers decision documents."

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2282e. Post-authorization change reports

(a) In general

The completion of a post-authorization change report prepared by the Corps of Engineers for a water resources development project—

(1) may not be delayed as a result of consideration being given to changes in policy or priority with respect to project consideration; and

(2) shall be submitted, upon completion, to—

(A) the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.

(b) Completion review

With respect to a post-authorization change report subject to review by the Secretary, the Secretary shall, not later than 120 days after the date of completion of such report—

(1) review the report; and

(2) provide to Congress any recommendations of the Secretary regarding modification of the applicable water resources development project.

(c) Prior reports

Not later than 120 days after December 16, 2016, with respect to any post-authorization change report that was completed prior to December 16, 2016, and is subject to a review by the Secretary that has yet to be completed, the Secretary shall complete review of, and provide recommendations to Congress with respect to, the report.

(d) Post-authorization change report inclusions

In this section, the term "post-authorization change report" includes—

(1) a general reevaluation report;

(2) a limited reevaluation report; and

(3) any other report that recommends the modification of an authorized water resources development project.

(Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1132, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1653.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2016, and also as part of the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act, also known as the WIIN Act, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 1002 of Pub. L. 114–322, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2283. Fish and wildlife mitigation

(a) Steps to be taken prior to or concurrently with construction

(1) In the case of any water resources project which is authorized to be constructed by the Secretary before, on, or after November 17, 1986, construction of which has not commenced as of November 17, 1986, and which necessitates the mitigation of fish and wildlife losses, including the acquisition of lands or interests in lands to mitigate losses to fish and wildlife, as a result of such project, such mitigation, including acquisition of the lands or interests—

(A) shall be undertaken or acquired before any construction of the project (other than such acquisition) commences, or

(B) shall be undertaken or acquired concurrently with lands and interests in lands for project purposes (other than mitigation of fish and wildlife losses),

whichever the Secretary determines is appropriate, except that any physical construction required for the purposes of mitigation may be undertaken concurrently with the physical construction of such project.

(2) For the purposes of this subsection, any project authorized before November 17, 1986, on which more than 50 percent of the land needed for the project, exclusive of mitigation lands, has been acquired shall be deemed to have commenced construction under this subsection.

(b) Acquisition of lands or interests in lands for mitigation

(1) After consultation with appropriate Federal and non-Federal agencies, the Secretary is authorized to mitigate damages to fish and wildlife resulting from any water resources project under his jurisdiction, whether completed, under construction, or to be constructed. Such mitigation may include the acquisition of lands, or interests therein, except that—

(A) acquisition under this paragraph shall not be by condemnation in the case of projects completed as of November 17, 1986, or on which at least 10 percent of the physical construction on the project has been completed as of November 17, 1986; and

(B) acquisition of water, or interests therein, under this paragraph, shall not be by condemnation.

The Secretary, shall, under the terms of this paragraph, obligate no more than $30,000,000 in any fiscal year. With respect to any water resources project, the authority under this subsection shall not apply to measures that cost more than $7,500,000 or 10 percent of the cost of the project, whichever is greater.

(2) Whenever, after his review, the Secretary determines that such mitigation features under this subsection are likely to require condemnation under subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a report on such proposed modification, together with his recommendations.

(c) Allocation of mitigation costs

Costs incurred after November 17, 1986, including lands, easements, rights-of-way, and relocations, for implementation and operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation to mitigate damages to fish and wildlife shall be allocated among authorized project purposes in accordance with applicable cost allocation procedures, and shall be subject to cost sharing or reimbursement to the same extent as such other project costs are shared or reimbursed, except that when such costs are covered by contracts entered into prior to November 17, 1986, such costs shall not be recovered without the consent of the non-Federal interests or until such contracts are complied with or renegotiated.

(d) Mitigation plans as part of project proposals

(1) In general

After November 17, 1986, the Secretary shall not submit any proposal for the authorization of any water resources project to Congress in any report, and shall not select a project alternative in any report, unless such report contains (A) a recommendation with a specific plan to mitigate for damages to ecological resources, including terrestrial and aquatic resources, and fish and wildlife losses created by such project, or (B) a determination by the Secretary that such project will have negligible adverse impact on ecological resources and fish and wildlife without the implementation of mitigation measures. Specific mitigation plans shall ensure that impacts to bottomland hardwood forests are mitigated in-kind, and other habitat types are mitigated to not less than in-kind conditions, to the extent possible. If the Secretary determines that mitigation to in-kind conditions is not possible, the Secretary shall identify in the report the basis for that determination and the mitigation measures that will be implemented to meet the requirements of this section and the goals of section 2317(a)(1) of this title. In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall consult with appropriate Federal and non-Federal agencies.

(2) Selection and design of mitigation projects

The Secretary shall select and design mitigation projects using a watershed approach to reflect contemporary understanding of the science of mitigating the adverse environmental impacts of water resources projects.

(3) Mitigation requirements

(A) In general

To mitigate losses to flood damage reduction capabilities and fish and wildlife resulting from a water resources project, the Secretary shall ensure that the mitigation plan for each water resources project complies with, at a minimum, the mitigation standards and policies established pursuant to the regulatory programs administered by the Secretary.

(B) Inclusions

A specific mitigation plan for a water resources project under paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum—

(i) a plan for monitoring the implementation and ecological success of each mitigation measure, including the cost and duration of any monitoring, and, to the extent practicable, a designation of the entities that will be responsible for the monitoring;

(ii) the criteria for ecological success by which the mitigation will be evaluated and determined to be successful based on replacement of lost functions and values of the habitat, including hydrologic and vegetative characteristics;

(iii) for projects where mitigation will be carried out by the Secretary—

(I) a description of the land and interest in land to be acquired for the mitigation plan;

(II) the basis for a determination that the land and interests are available for acquisition; and

(III) a determination that the proposed interest sought does not exceed the minimum interest in land necessary to meet the mitigation requirements for the project;

(iv) for projects where mitigation will be carried out through a third party mitigation arrangement in accordance with subsection (i)—

(I) a description of the third party mitigation instrument to be used; and

(II) the basis for a determination that the mitigation instrument can meet the mitigation requirements for the project;

(v) a description of—

(I) the types and amount of restoration activities to be conducted;

(II) the physical action to be undertaken to achieve the mitigation objectives within the watershed in which such losses occur and, in any case in which the mitigation will occur outside the watershed, a detailed explanation for undertaking the mitigation outside the watershed; and

(III) the functions and values that will result from the mitigation plan; and

(vi) a contingency plan for taking corrective actions in cases in which monitoring demonstrates that mitigation measures are not achieving ecological success in accordance with criteria under clause (ii).

(C) Responsibility for monitoring

In any case in which it is not practicable to identify in a mitigation plan for a water resources project the entity responsible for monitoring at the time of a final report of the Chief of Engineers or other final decision document for the project, such entity shall be identified in the partnership agreement entered into with the non-Federal interest under section 1962d–5b of title 42.

(4) Determination of success

(A) In general

A mitigation plan under this subsection shall be considered to be successful at the time at which the criteria under paragraph (3)(B)(ii) are achieved under the plan, as determined by monitoring under paragraph (3)(B)(i).

(B) Consultation

In determining whether a mitigation plan is successful under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consult annually with appropriate Federal agencies and each State in which the applicable project is located on at least the following:

(i) The ecological success of the mitigation as of the date on which the report is submitted.

(ii) The likelihood that the mitigation will achieve ecological success, as defined in the mitigation plan.

(iii) The projected timeline for achieving that success.

(iv) Any recommendations for improving the likelihood of success.

(5) Monitoring

Mitigation monitoring shall continue until it has been demonstrated that the mitigation has met the ecological success criteria.

(e) First enhancement costs as Federal costs

In those cases when the Secretary, as part of any report to Congress, recommends activities to enhance fish and wildlife resources, the first costs of such enhancement shall be a Federal cost when—

(1) such enhancement provides benefits that are determined to be national, including benefits to species that are identified by the National Marine Fisheries Service as of national economic importance, species that are subject to treaties or international convention to which the United States is a party, and anadromous fish;

(2) such enhancement is designed to benefit species that have been listed as threatened or endangered by the Secretary of the Interior under the terms of the Endangered Species Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531, et seq.), or

(3) such activities are located on lands managed as a national wildlife refuge.

When benefits of enhancement do not qualify under the preceding sentence, 25 percent of such first costs of enhancement shall be provided by non-Federal interests under a schedule of reimbursement determined by the Secretary. Not more than 80 percent of the non-Federal share of such first costs may be satisfied through in-kind contributions, including facilities, supplies, and services that are necessary to carry out the enhancement project. The non-Federal share of operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of activities to enhance fish and wildlife resources shall be 25 percent.

(f) National benefits from enhancement measures for Atchafalaya Floodway System and Mississippi Delta Region projects

Fish and wildlife enhancement measures carried out as part of the project for Atchafalaya Floodway System, Louisiana, authorized by Public Law 99–88, and the project for Mississippi Delta Region, Louisiana, authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1965, shall be considered to provide benefits that are national for purposes of this section.

(g) Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act supplementation

The provisions of subsections (a), (b), and (d) shall be deemed to supplement the responsibility and authority of the Secretary pursuant to the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act [16 U.S.C. 661 et seq.], and nothing in this section is intended to affect that Act.

(h) Programmatic mitigation plans

(1) In general

The Secretary may develop programmatic mitigation plans to address the potential impacts to ecological resources, fish, and wildlife associated with existing or future Federal water resources development projects.

(2) Use of mitigation plans

The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, use programmatic mitigation plans developed in accordance with this subsection to guide the development of a mitigation plan under subsection (d).

(3) Non-Federal plans

The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable and subject to all conditions of this subsection, use programmatic environmental plans developed by a State, a body politic of the State, which derives its powers from a State constitution, a government entity created by State legislation, or a local government, that meet the requirements of this subsection to address the potential environmental impacts of existing or future water resources development projects.

(4) Scope

A programmatic mitigation plan developed by the Secretary or an entity described in paragraph (3) to address potential impacts of existing or future water resources development projects shall, to the maximum extent practicable—

(A) be developed on a regional, ecosystem, watershed, or statewide scale;

(B) include specific goals for aquatic resource and fish and wildlife habitat restoration, establishment, enhancement, or preservation;

(C) identify priority areas for aquatic resource and fish and wildlife habitat protection or restoration;

(D) include measures to protect or restore habitat connectivity;

(E) encompass multiple environmental resources within a defined geographical area or focus on a specific resource, such as aquatic resources or wildlife habitat; and

(F) address impacts from all projects in a defined geographical area or focus on a specific type of project.

(5) Consultation

The scope of the plan shall be determined by the Secretary or an entity described in paragraph (3), as appropriate, in consultation with the agency with jurisdiction over the resources being addressed in the environmental mitigation plan.

(6) Contents

A programmatic environmental mitigation plan may include—

(A) an assessment of the condition of environmental resources in the geographical area covered by the plan, including an assessment of recent trends and any potential threats to those resources;

(B) an assessment of potential opportunities to improve the overall quality of environmental resources in the geographical area covered by the plan through strategic mitigation for impacts of water resources development projects;

(C) standard measures for mitigating certain types of impacts, including impacts to habitat connectivity;

(D) parameters for determining appropriate mitigation for certain types of impacts, such as mitigation ratios or criteria for determining appropriate mitigation sites;

(E) adaptive management procedures, such as protocols that involve monitoring predicted impacts over time and adjusting mitigation measures in response to information gathered through the monitoring;

(F) acknowledgment of specific statutory or regulatory requirements that must be satisfied when determining appropriate mitigation for certain types of resources; and

(G) any offsetting benefits of self-mitigating projects, such as ecosystem or resource restoration and protection.

(7) Process

Before adopting a programmatic environmental mitigation plan for use under this subsection, the Secretary shall—

(A) for a plan developed by the Secretary—

(i) make a draft of the plan available for review and comment by applicable environmental resource agencies and the public; and

(ii) consider any comments received from those agencies and the public on the draft plan; and

(B) for a plan developed under paragraph (3), determine, not later than 180 days after receiving the plan, whether the plan meets the requirements of paragraphs (4) through (6) and was made available for public comment.

(8) Integration with other plans

A programmatic environmental mitigation plan may be integrated with other plans, including watershed plans, ecosystem plans, species recovery plans, growth management plans, and land use plans.

(9) Consideration in project development and permitting

If a programmatic environmental mitigation plan has been developed under this subsection, any Federal agency responsible for environmental reviews, permits, or approvals for a water resources development project may use the recommendations in that programmatic environmental mitigation plan when carrying out the responsibilities of the agency under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

(10) Preservation of existing authorities

Nothing in this subsection limits the use of programmatic approaches to reviews under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

(11) Effect

Nothing in this subsection—

(A) requires the Secretary to undertake additional mitigation for existing projects for which mitigation has already been initiated, including the addition of fish passage to an existing water resources development project; or

(B) affects the mitigation responsibilities of the Secretary under any other provision of law.

(i) Third-party mitigation arrangements

(1) Eligible activities

In accordance with all applicable Federal laws (including regulations), mitigation efforts carried out under this section may include—

(A) participation in mitigation banking or other third-party mitigation arrangements, such as—

(i) the purchase of credits from commercial or State, regional, or local agency-sponsored mitigation banks; and

(ii) the purchase of credits from in-lieu fee mitigation programs; and

(B) contributions to statewide and regional efforts to conserve, restore, enhance, and create natural habitats and wetlands if the Secretary determines that the contributions will ensure that the mitigation requirements of this section and the goals of section 2317(a)(1) of this title will be met.

(2) Inclusion of other activities

The banks, programs, and efforts described in paragraph (1) include any banks, programs, and efforts developed in accordance with applicable law (including regulations).

(3) Terms and conditions

In carrying out natural habitat and wetlands mitigation efforts under this section, contributions to the mitigation effort may—

(A) take place concurrent with, or in advance of, the commitment of funding to a project; and

(B) occur in advance of project construction only if the efforts are consistent with all applicable requirements of Federal law (including regulations) and water resources development planning processes.

(4) Preference

At the request of the non-Federal project sponsor, preference may be given, to the maximum extent practicable, to mitigating an environmental impact through the use of a mitigation bank, in-lieu fee, or other third-party mitigation arrangement, if the use of credits from the mitigation bank or in-lieu fee, or the other third-party mitigation arrangement for the project has been approved by the applicable Federal agency.

(j) Use of funds

(1) In general

The Secretary, with the consent of the applicable non-Federal interest, may use funds made available for preconstruction engineering and design after authorization of project construction to satisfy mitigation requirements through third-party arrangements or to acquire interests in land necessary for meeting mitigation requirements under this section.

(2) Notification

Prior to the expenditure of any funds for a project pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary shall notify the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate.

(k) Measures

The Secretary shall consult with interested members of the public, the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Assistant Administrator for Fisheries of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, States, including State fish and game departments, and interested local governments to identify standard measures under subsection (h)(6)(C) that reflect the best available scientific information for evaluating habitat connectivity.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §906, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4186; Pub. L. 102–580, title III, §333(a), Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4852; Pub. L. 106–53, title II, §221, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 295; Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §224(a), Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2597; Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2036(a), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1092; Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1040(a), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1239; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1162, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1668.)

References in Text

The Endangered Species Act, as amended, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), probably means the Endangered Species Act of 1973, Pub. L. 93–205, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 884, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1531 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1531 of Title 16 and Tables.

Public Law 99–88, referred to in subsec. (f), is Pub. L. 99–88, Aug. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 293, known as the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1985. Provisions of Pub. L. 99–88 authorizing the project for the Atchafalaya Floodway System, Louisiana, are not classified to the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Flood Control Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (f), is title II of Pub. L. 89–298, Oct. 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 1073. Provisions of that Act authorizing the project for Mississippi Delta Region, Louisiana, are not classified to the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, referred to in subsec. (g), is act Mar. 10, 1934, ch. 55, 48 Stat. 401, which is classified generally to sections 661 to 666c–1 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 661(a) of Title 16, Short Title note set out under section 661 of Title 16, and Tables.

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (h)(9), (10), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (h)(4)(D) to (F). Pub. L. 114–322, §1162(1)(A), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpars. (D) and (E) as (E) and (F), respectively.

Subsec. (h)(6)(C). Pub. L. 114–322, §1162(1)(B), substituted "impacts, including impacts to habitat connectivity" for "impacts".

Subsec. (h)(11). Pub. L. 114–322, §1162(1)(C), added par. (11) and struck out former par. (11). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Nothing in this subsection requires the Secretary to undertake additional mitigation for existing projects for which mitigation has already been initiated."

Subsecs. (j), (k). Pub. L. 114–322, §1162(2), added subsecs. (j) and (k).

2014—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 113–121, §1040(a)(1)(A), inserted "for damages to ecological resources, including terrestrial and aquatic resources, and" after "mitigate", "ecological resources and" after "impact on", "without the implementation of mitigation measures" before period at end of first sentence, and "If the Secretary determines that mitigation to in-kind conditions is not possible, the Secretary shall identify in the report the basis for that determination and the mitigation measures that will be implemented to meet the requirements of this section and the goals of section 2317(a)(1) of this title." after "to the extent possible."

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 113–121, §1040(a)(1)(B)(iii), which directed insertion of "using a watershed approach" after "projects" was executed by making the insertion after "projects" the first place appearing to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 113–121, §1040(a)(1)(B)(i), (ii), substituted "Selection and design" for "Design" in heading and inserted "select and" before "design" in text.

Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 113–121, §1040(a)(1)(C)(i), inserted ", at a minimum," after "complies with".

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii) to (vi). Pub. L. 113–121, §1040(a)(1)(C)(ii), added cls. (iii) and (iv), redesignated former cls. (iv) and (v) as (v) and (vi), respectively, and struck out former cl. (iii) which read as follows: "a description of the land and interests in land to be acquired for the mitigation plan and the basis for a determination that the land and interests are available for acquisition;".

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 113–121, §1040(a)(2), added subsecs. (h) and (i).

2007—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 110–114, §2036(a)(1), (2), substituted "to Congress in any report, and shall not select a project alternative in any report," for "to the Congress" and inserted ", and other habitat types are mitigated to not less than in-kind conditions" after "mitigated in-kind".

Subsec. (d)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 110–114, §2036(a)(3), added pars. (3) to (5).

2000—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–541 inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. heading, realigned margins, substituted "November 17, 1986" for "the date of enactment of this Act", redesignated former cls. (1) and (2) as (A) and (B), respectively, and added par. (2).

1999—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–53 inserted after second sentence "Not more than 80 percent of the non-Federal share of such first costs may be satisfied through in-kind contributions, including facilities, supplies, and services that are necessary to carry out the enhancement project."

1992—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–580 inserted ", including lands, easements, rights-of-way, and relocations," before "for implementation and operation".

Applicability

Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1040(b), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1243, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall not apply to a project for which a mitigation plan has been completed as of the date of enactment of this Act [June 10, 2014]."

Concurrent Mitigation

Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §224(b), Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2598, provided that:

"(1) Investigation.—

"(A) In general.—The Comptroller General shall conduct an investigation of the effectiveness of the concurrent mitigation requirements of section 906 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2283). In carrying out the investigation, the Comptroller General shall determine—

"(i) whether or not there are instances in which less than 50 percent of required mitigation is completed before initiation of project construction and the number of such instances; and

"(ii) the extent to which mitigation projects restore natural hydrologic conditions, restore native vegetation, and otherwise support native fish and wildlife species.

"(B) Special rule.—In carrying out subparagraph (A)(ii), the Comptroller General shall—

"(i) establish a panel of independent scientists, comprised of individuals with expertise and experience in applicable scientific disciplines, to assist the Comptroller General; and

"(ii) assess methods used by the Corps of Engineers to monitor and evaluate mitigation projects, and compare Corps of Engineers mitigation project design, construction, monitoring, and evaluation practices with those used in other publicly and privately financed mitigation projects.

"(2) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 11, 2000], the Comptroller General shall transmit to Congress a report on the results of the investigation."

§2283a. Status report

(1) In general

Concurrent with the President's submission to Congress of the President's request for appropriations for the Civil Works Program for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report on the status of construction of projects that require mitigation under section 2283 of this title, the status of such mitigation, and the results of the consultation under subsection (d)(4)(B) of such section.

(2) Projects included

The status report shall include the status of—

(A) all projects that are under construction as of the date of the report;

(B) all projects for which the President requests funding for the next fiscal year; and

(C) all projects that have undergone or completed construction, but have not completed the mitigation required under section 2283 of this title.

(3) Information included

In reporting the status of all projects included in the report, the Secretary shall—

(A) use a uniform methodology for determining the status of all projects included in the report;

(B) use a methodology that describes both a qualitative and quantitative status for all projects in the report; and

(C) provide specific dates for participation in the consultations required under section 2283(d)(4)(B) of this title.

(4) Availability of information

The Secretary shall make information contained in the status report available to the public, including on the Internet.

(Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2036(b), Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1094; Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1041, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1243.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2007, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2014—Pars. (3), (4). Pub. L. 113–121 added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 110–114, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2283b. Clarification of mitigation authority

(a) In general

The Secretary may carry out measures to improve fish species habitat within the boundaries and downstream of a water resources project constructed by the Secretary that includes a fish hatchery if the Secretary—

(1) has been explicitly authorized to compensate for fish losses associated with the project; and

(2) determines that the measures are—

(A) feasible;

(B) consistent with authorized project purposes and the fish hatchery; and

(C) in the public interest.

(b) Cost sharing

(1) In general

Subject to paragraph (2), the non-Federal interest shall contribute 35 percent of the total cost of carrying out activities under this section, including the costs relating to the provision or acquisition of required land, easements, rights-of-way, dredged material disposal areas, and relocations.

(2) Operation and maintenance

The non-Federal interest shall contribute 100 percent of the costs of operation, maintenance, replacement, repair, and rehabilitation of the measures carried out under this section.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1028, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1230.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2283c. Technical assistance

(1) In general

The Secretary may provide technical assistance to States and local governments to establish third-party mitigation instruments, including mitigation banks and in-lieu fee programs, that will help to target mitigation payments to high-priority ecosystem restoration actions.

(2) Requirements

In providing technical assistance under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to States and local governments that have developed State, regional, or watershed-based plans identifying priority restoration actions.

(3) Mitigation instruments

The Secretary shall seek to ensure any technical assistance provided under this section will support the establishment of mitigation instruments that will result in restoration of high-priority areas identified in the plans under paragraph (2).

(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1040(c), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1243.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2284. Benefits and costs attributable to environmental measures

In the evaluation by the Secretary of benefits and costs of a water resources project, the benefits attributable to measures included in a project for the purpose of environmental quality, including improvement of the environment and fish and wildlife enhancement, shall be deemed to be at least equal to the costs of such measures.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §907, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4188.)

§2284a. Benefits to navigation

In evaluating potential improvements to navigation and the maintenance of navigation projects, the Secretary shall consider, and include for purposes of project justification, economic benefits generated by cruise ships as commercial navigation benefits.

(Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §230, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3704.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1996, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–303, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2284b. Scenic and aesthetic considerations

In conducting studies of potential water resources projects, the Secretary shall consider measures to preserve and enhance scenic and aesthetic qualities in the vicinity of such projects.

(Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §232, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3704.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1996, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–303, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2285. Environmental Protection and Mitigation Fund

There is established an Environmental Protection and Mitigation Fund. There is authorized to be appropriated to such fund $35,000,000 for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1986. Amounts in the fund ¹ shall be available for undertaking, in advance of construction of any water resources project authorized to be constructed by the Secretary, such measures authorized as part of such project, including the acquisition of lands and interests therein, as may be necessary to ensure that project-induced losses to fish and wildlife production and habitat will be mitigated. The Secretary shall reimburse the Fund for any amounts expended under this section for a water resources project from the first appropriations made for construction, including planning and designing, of such project.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §908, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4188.)

¹ So in original. Probably should be capitalized.

§2286. Acceptance of certain funds for mitigation

The Secretary is authorized to accept funds from any entity, public or private, in accordance with the Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act [16 U.S.C. 839 et seq.] to be used to protect, mitigate, and enhance fish and wildlife in connection with projects constructed or operated by the Secretary. The Secretary may accept and use funds for such purposes without regard to any limitation established under any other provision of law or rule of law.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title XI, §1146, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4253.)

References in Text

The Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 96–501, Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2697, which is classified principally to chapter 12H (§839 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 839 of Title 16 and Tables.

§2287. Continued planning and investigations

(a) Pre-authorization planning and engineering

After the Chief of Engineers transmits his recommendations for a water resources development project to the Secretary for transmittal to the Congress, as authorized in section 701–1 of this title, and before authorization for construction of such project, the Chief of Engineers is authorized to undertake continued planning and engineering (other than preparation of plans and specifications) for such project if the Chief of Engineers finds that the project is without substantial controversy and justifies further engineering, economic, and environmental investigations and the Chief of Engineers transmits to the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a statement of such findings. In the one-year period after authorization for construction of such project, the Chief of Engineers is authorized to undertake planning, engineering, and design for such project.

(b) Omitted

(c) Authorizations as additions to other authorizations

The authorization made by this section shall be in addition to any other authorizations for planning, engineering, and design of water resources development projects and shall not be construed as a limitation on any other such authorization.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §910, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4189.)

Codification

Subsec. (b) of this section, which required the Secretary to prepare and transmit an annual report to certain committees of Congress on activities undertaken under this section, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 72 of House Document No. 103–7.

Change of Name

Committee on Public Works and Transportation of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.

§2288. Repealed. Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1004, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1199

Section, Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §911, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4189, related to review of cost effectiveness of design.

§2289. Urban and rural flood control frequency

In the preparation of feasibility reports for projects for flood damage prevention in urban and rural areas, the Secretary may consider and evaluate measures to reduce or eliminate damages from flooding without regard to frequency of flooding, drainage area, and amount of runoff. This section shall apply with respect to any project, or separable element thereof, the Federal share of the cost of which is less than $3,000,000.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §914, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4190.)

§2289a. Consideration of measures

(a) Definitions

In this section, the following definitions apply:

(1) Natural feature

The term "natural feature" means a feature that is created through the action of physical, geological, biological, and chemical processes over time.

(2) Nature-based feature

The term "nature-based feature" means a feature that is created by human design, engineering, and construction to provide risk reduction by acting in concert with natural processes.

(b) Requirement

In studying the feasibility of projects for flood risk management, hurricane and storm damage reduction, and ecosystem restoration the Secretary shall, with the consent of the non-Federal sponsor of the feasibility study, consider, as appropriate—

(1) natural features;

(2) nature-based features;

(3) nonstructural measures; and

(4) structural measures.

(c) Report to Congress

(1) In general

Not later than February 1, 2020, and 5 and 10 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on the implementation of subsection (b).

(2) Contents

The report under paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum, the following:

(A) A description of guidance or instructions issued, and other measures taken, by the Secretary and the Chief of Engineers to implement subsection (b).

(B) An assessment of the costs, benefits, impacts, and trade-offs associated with measures recommended by the Secretary for coastal risk reduction and the effectiveness of those measures.

(C) A description of any statutory, fiscal, or regulatory barriers to the appropriate consideration and use of a full array of measures for coastal risk reduction.

(Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1184, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1679; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1149(b), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3787.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2016, and also as part of the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act, also known as the WIIN Act, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–270 struck out "in coastal areas" after "risk reduction".

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 1002 of Pub. L. 114–322, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2290. Flood control in Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

The Secretary is authorized to use the authority contained in section 205 of the Flood Control Act of 1948 (33 U.S.C. 701s), section 2 of the Flood Control Act of August 28, 1937 (33 U.S.C. 701g), section 14 of the Flood Control Act of 1946 (33 U.S.C. 701r), section 107 of the River and Harbor Act of 1960 (33 U.S.C. 577), section 3 of the Act entitled "An Act authorizing Federal participation in the cost of protecting the shores of publicly owned property", approved August 13, 1946 (33 U.S.C. 426g), and section 111 of the River and Harbor Act of 1968 (33 U.S.C. 426i) in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §915(h), Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4191.)

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

§2291. Federal Project Repayment District

(a) The Secretary may enter into a contract providing for the payment or recovery of an appropriate share of the costs of a project under his responsibility with a Federal Project Repayment District or other political subdivision of a State prior to the construction, operation, improvement, or financing of such project. The Federal Project Repayment District shall include lands and improvements which receive identifiable benefits from the construction or operation of such project. Such districts shall be established in accordance with State law, shall have specific boundaries which may be changed from time to time based upon further evaluations of benefits, and shall have the power to recover benefits through any cost-recovery approach that is consistent with State law and satisfies the applicable cost-recovery requirement under subsection (b).

(b) Prior to execution of an agreement pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall require and approve a study from the State or political subdivision demonstrating that the revenues to be derived from a contract under this section, or an agreement with a Federal Project Repayment District, will be sufficient to equal or exceed the cost recovery requirements over the term of repayment required by Federal law.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §916, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4191; Pub. L. 100–676, §15, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4026.)

Amendments

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–676 substituted "have the power to recover benefits through any cost-recovery approach that is consistent with State law and satisfies the applicable cost-recovery requirement under subsection (b)" for "include the power to collect a portion of the transfer price from any transaction involving the sale, transfer, or change in beneficial ownership of lands and improvements within the district boundaries".

§2292. Surveying and mapping

Any surveying or mapping services to be performed in connection with a water resources project which is or has been authorized to be undertaken by the Secretary shall be procured in accordance with title IX of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949.¹

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §918, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4192.)

References in Text

The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, referred to in text, is act June 30, 1949, ch. 288, 63 Stat. 377. Title IX of the Act, which was classified generally to subchapter VI (§541 et seq.) of chapter 10 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, was repealed and reenacted by Pub. L. 107–217, §§1, 6(b), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1062, 1304, as chapter 11 (§1101 et seq.) of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works. For disposition of sections of former Title 40 to revised Title 40, see Table preceding section 101 of Title 40. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Geomatic Data

Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1118, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3776, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary [of the Army] shall develop guidance for the acceptance and use of information obtained from a non-Federal interest through geomatic techniques, including remote sensing and land surveying, cartography, geographic information systems, global navigation satellite systems, photogrammetry, or other remote means, in carrying out any authority of the Secretary.

"(b) Considerations.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall ensure that use of information described in subsection (a) meets the data quality and operational requirements of the Secretary.

"(c) Savings Clause.—Nothing in this section—

"(1) requires the Secretary to accept information that the Secretary determines does not meet the guidance developed under this section; or

"(2) changes the current statutory or regulatory requirements of the Corps of Engineers."

¹ See References in Text note below.

§2293. Reprogramming during national emergencies

(a) Termination or deferment of civil works projects; application of resources to national defense projects

In the event of a declaration of war or a declaration by the President of a national emergency in accordance with the National Emergencies Act [50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.] that requires or may require use of the Armed Forces, the Secretary, without regard to any other provision of law, may (1) terminate or defer the construction, operation, maintenance, or repair of any Department of the Army civil works project that he deems not essential to the national defense, and (2) apply the resources of the Department of the Army's civil works program, including funds, personnel, and equipment, to construct or assist in the construction, operation, maintenance, and repair of authorized civil works, military construction, and civil defense projects that are essential to the national defense.

(b) Termination of state of war or national emergency

The Secretary shall immediately notify the appropriate committees of Congress of any actions taken pursuant to the authorities provided by this section, and cease to exercise such authorities not later than 180 calendar days after the termination of the state of war or national emergency, whichever occurs later.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §923, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4194.)

References in Text

The National Emergencies Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 94–412, Sept. 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 1255, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 34 (§1601 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 50 and Tables.

§2293a. Reprogramming of funds for projects by Corps of Engineers

None of the funds made available before, on, or after June 15, 2006, in an appropriations Act may be expended to prevent or limit any reprogramming of funds for a project to be carried out by the Corps of Engineers using funds appropriated in any Act making appropriations for energy and water development, based on whether the project was included by the President in the budget transmitted under section 1105(a) of title 31 or is otherwise proposed by the President or considered part of the budget by the Office of Management and Budget, if the project received funds in an Act making appropriations for energy and water development or any other appropriations Act making additional funds available for energy and water development.

(Pub. L. 109–234, title II, §2307, June 15, 2006, 120 Stat. 457.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Hurricane Recovery, 2006, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

§2294. Office of Environmental Policy

The Secretary shall establish in the Directorate of Civil Works of the Office of the Chief of Engineers an Office of Environmental Policy. Such Office shall be responsible for the formulation, coordination, and implementation of all matters concerning environmental quality and policy as they relate to the water resources program of the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Such Office shall, among other things, develop, and monitor compliance with, guidelines for the consideration of environmental quality in formulation and planning of water resources projects carried out by the Secretary, the preparation and coordination of environmental impact statements for such projects, and the coordination with Federal, State, and local agencies of environmental aspects of such projects and regulatory responsibilities of the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §924, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4194.)

§2295. Compilation of laws; annual reports

(a) Federal laws relating to improvements of rivers and harbors, flood control, beach erosion, and other water resources development

Within one year after November 17, 1986, the laws of the United States relating to the improvement of rivers and harbors, flood control, beach erosion, and other water resources development enacted after November 8, 1966, and before January 1, 1987, shall be compiled under the direction of the Secretary and the Chief of Engineers and printed for the use of the Department of the Army, the Congress, and the general public. The Secretary shall reprint the volumes containing such laws enacted before November 8, 1966. In addition, the Secretary shall include an index in each volume so compiled or reprinted. The Secretary shall transmit copies of each such volume to Congress.

(b) Annual report

The Secretary shall prepare and submit the annual report required by section 556 of this title, in two volumes. Volume I shall consist of a summary and highlights of Corps of Engineers' activities, authorities, and accomplishments. Volume II shall consist of detailed information and field reports on Corps of Engineers' activities. The Secretary shall publish an index with each annual report.

(c) Biennial reports for each State

The Secretary shall prepare biennially for public information a report for each State containing a description of each water resources project under the jurisdiction of the Secretary in such State and the status of each such project. Each report shall include an index. The report for each State shall be prepared in a separate volume. The reports under this subsection shall be published at the same time and the first such reports shall be published not later than one year after November 17, 1986.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §925, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4194.)

Compilation of Laws

Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2004, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1071, provided that:

"(a) Compilation of Laws Enacted After November 8, 1966.—The Secretary [of the Army] and the Chief of Engineers shall prepare a compilation of the laws of the United States relating to the improvement of rivers and harbors, flood damage reduction, beach and shoreline erosion, hurricane and storm damage reduction, ecosystem and environmental restoration, and other water resources development enacted after November 8, 1966, and before January 1, 2008, and have such compilation printed for the use of the Department of the Army, Congress, and the general public.

"(b) Reprint of Laws Enacted Before November 8, 1966.—The Secretary shall have the volumes containing the laws referred to in subsection (a) enacted before November 8, 1966, reprinted.

"(c) Index.—The Secretary shall include an index in each volume compiled, and each volume reprinted, pursuant to this section.

"(d) Congressional Copies.—Not later than April 1, 2008, the Secretary shall transmit at least 25 copies of each volume compiled, and of each volume reprinted, pursuant to this section to each of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate.

"(e) Availability.—The Secretary [of the Army] shall ensure that each volume compiled, and each volume reprinted, pursuant to this section are available through electronic means, including on the Internet."

§2296. Acquisition of recreation lands

(a) In the case of any water resources project which is authorized to be constructed by the Secretary before, on, or after November 17, 1986, construction of which has not commenced before November 17, 1986, and which involves the acquisition of lands or interests in lands for recreation purposes, such lands or interests shall be acquired along with the acquisition of lands and interests in lands for other project purposes.

(b) The Secretary is authorized to acquire real property by condemnation, purchase, donation, exchange, or otherwise, as a part of any water resources development project for use for public park and recreation purposes, including but not limited to, real property not contiguous to the principal part of the project.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §926, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4195.)

§2297. Operation and maintenance on recreation lands

The Secretary shall not require, under section 460d of title 16, and the Federal Water Project Recreation Act [16 U.S.C. 460l–12 et seq.], non-Federal interests to assume operation and maintenance of any recreational facility operated by the Secretary at any water resources project as a condition to the construction of new recreational facilities at such project or any other water resources project.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §927, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4195.)

References in Text

The Federal Water Project Recreation Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 89–72, July 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 213, as amended, which is classified principally to part C (§460l–12 et seq.) of subchapter LXIX of chapter 1 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 460l–12 of Title 16 and Tables.

§2298. Impact of proposed projects on existing recreation facilities

Any report describing a project having recreation benefits that is submitted after November 17, 1986, to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate or the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives by the Secretary, or by the Secretary of Agriculture under authority of the Watershed Protection and Flood Protection Act (68 Stat. 666; 16 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.), shall describe the usage of other, similar public recreational facilities within the general area of the project, and the anticipated impact of the proposed project on the usage of such existing recreational facilities.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §928, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4195.)

References in Text

The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act, referred to in text, is act Aug. 4, 1954, ch. 656, 68 Stat. 666, which is classified principally to chapter 18 (§1001 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of Title 16 and Tables.

Change of Name

Committee on Public Works and Transportation of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.

§2299. Acquisition of beach fill

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in any case in which the use of fill material for beach erosion and beach nourishment is authorized as a purpose of an authorized water resources project, the Secretary is authorized to acquire by purchase, exchange, or otherwise from nondomestic sources and utilize such material for such purposes if such materials are not available from domestic sources for environmental or economic reasons.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §935, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4197.)

§2300. Study of Corps capabilities

The Secretary shall study and evaluate the measures necessary to increase the capabilities of the United States Army Corps of Engineers to undertake the planning and construction of water resources projects on an expedited basis and to adequately comply with all requirements of law applicable to the water resources program of the Corps of Engineers. As part of such study the Secretary shall consider appropriate measures to increase reliance on the private sector in the conduct of the water resources program of the Corps of Engineers. The Secretary shall implement such measures as may be necessary to improve the capabilities referred to in the first sentence of this section, including the establishment of increased levels of personnel, changes in project planning and construction procedures designed to lessen the time required for such planning and construction, and procedures for expediting the coordination of water resources projects with Federal, State, and local agencies.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §936, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4197.)

GAO Review of Civil Works Program

Pub. L. 100–676, §44, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4041, provided that the Comptroller General was to conduct a review of the Civil Works Program of the United States Army Corps of Engineers and to transmit the review to Congress with any recommendations the Comptroller General may make.

§§2301, 2302. Omitted

Codification

Section 2301, Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §937, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4198, which required the Secretary of the Army to transmit to certain committees of Congress annual reports on electricity generated by water resource projects constructed by the Secretary and revenues and costs associated with the projects, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 72 of House Document No. 103–7.

Subsec. (a) of section 2302, Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §938(a), Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4198, which required the Secretary of the Army to transmit an annual report to certain committees of Congress describing contracts awarded, broken down by Engineer District of the Army Corps of Engineers, including the number and dollar amount of contracts set aside for small business concerns, awarded to small business or small disadvantaged business concerns, available for competition by qualified firms of all sizes, and awarded to other than small business or small disadvantaged business concerns, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 69 of House Document No. 103–7.

Subsec. (b) of section 2302, Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §938(b), Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4198, directed the Comptroller General to conduct a study of the contracting procedures of the Secretary of the Army for civil works projects, examining whether potential bidders or offerors, regardless of their size, are allowed to compete fairly in the interest of lowering cost on contracts for construction, and to report findings and recommendations to Congress within two years of Nov. 17, 1986.

§2303. Historical properties

The Secretary is authorized to preserve, restore, and maintain those historic properties located on water resource development project lands under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army if such properties have been entered into the National Register of Historic Places.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §943, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4200.)

§2304. Separability

If any provision of this Act, or the application of any provision of this Act to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, and the remainder of this Act, shall not be affected thereby.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §949, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4201.)

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, as amended, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

§2305. Use of FMHA funds

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, Federal assistance made available by the Farmers Home Administration may be used to pay the non-Federal share of any other Federal grant-in-aid program for any project for water resources, including water pollution control.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §950, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4201.)

§2306. Reports

If any report required to be transmitted under this Act to the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives or the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate pertains in whole or in part to fish and wildlife mitigation, benthic environmental repercussions, or ecosystem mitigation, the Federal officer required to prepare or transmit that report also shall transmit a copy of the report to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the House of Representatives.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title IX, §951, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4201.)

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 99–662, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4082, as amended, known as the Water Resources Development Act of 1986. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2201 of this title and Tables.

Change of Name

Committee on Public Works and Transportation of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.

Abolition of House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries

Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of House of Representatives abolished and its jurisdiction transferred by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Jan. 4, 1995. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Resources of House of Representatives in case of provisions relating to fisheries, wildlife, international fishing agreements, marine affairs (including coastal zone management) except for measures relating to oil and other pollution of navigable waters, or oceanography by section 1(b)(3) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Resources of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Natural Resources of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.

§2307. Control of ice

(a) Program authority

The Secretary shall undertake a program of research for the control of ice, and to assist communities in breaking up ice, which otherwise is likely to cause or aggravate flood damage or severe streambank erosion.

(b) Assistance to units of local government

The Secretary is further authorized to provide technical assistance to units of local government to implement local plans to control or break up such ice. As part of such authority, the Secretary shall acquire necessary ice-control or ice-breaking equipment, which shall be loaned to units of local government together with operating assistance, where appropriate.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 per fiscal year for each of the fiscal years 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992 for purposes of carrying out subsections (a) and (b) of this section, such sums to remain available until expended.

(d) Hardwick, Vermont, demonstration program

To implement further the purposes of this section, the Secretary, in consultation and cooperation with local officials, is authorized and directed to undertake a demonstration program for the control of ice at Hardwick, Vermont. The work authorized by this subsection shall be designed to minimize the danger of flooding due to ice problems in the vicinity of such community. In the design, construction, and location of ice-control structures for this project, full consideration will be given to the recreational, scenic, and environmental values of the reach of river affected by the project, in order to minimize project impacts on these values. Full opportunity shall be given to interested environmental and recreational organizations to participate in such planning. There is authorized to be appropriated $900,000 for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1986, for the purposes of carrying out this subsection, such sum to remain available until expended.

(e) Salmon, Idaho, experimental program

(1) The Secretary is directed to complete an experimental program placing screens in the Salmon River in the vicinity of Salmon, Idaho, to trap frazil ice, and thus to eliminate flooding caused by ice dams in the river. Within one year of November 17, 1986, the Secretary shall report to the Congress on the feasibility of such experiment, including consideration of any adverse environmental or social effects that could result from such experiment. If, in the Secretary's judgment, such experiment is not feasible or acceptable, the Secretary is authorized to consult with local public interests to develop a plan that is workable and practical, and then to submit such plan to Congress.

(2) There is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1986, for purposes of carrying out this subsection, such sum to remain available until expended.

(f) Wilmington, Illinois, project

(1) To implement further the purposes of this section, the Secretary shall carry out a project for the control of ice on the Kankakee River in the vicinity of Wilmington, Illinois. The Secretary shall report to Congress not later than one year after November 17, 1986, and annually thereafter on the effectiveness of the program under this section with respect to the Kankakee River in the vicinity of Wilmington, Illinois.

(2) There is authorized to be appropriated $3,000,000 for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1986, for purposes of carrying out this subsection, such sum to remain available until expended.

(g) Cost sharing

Cost sharing applicable to flood control projects under section 2213 of this title shall apply to projects under this section.

(h) Report to Congress

Not later than March 1, 1989, the Secretary shall report to the Congress on activities under this section.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title XI, §1101, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4223.)

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (f)(1) of this section relating to the requirement that the Secretary report annually to Congress on the effectiveness of the program under this section, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 71 of House Document No. 103–7.

§2308. Campgrounds for senior citizens

(a) Establishment and development

The Secretary may establish and develop separate campgrounds for individuals sixty-two years of age or older at any lake or reservoir under the jurisdiction of the Secretary where camping is permitted.

(b) Control of campground use and access

The Secretary may prescribe regulations to control the use of and the access to any separate campground established and developed under subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1986, to carry out subsection (a) of this section.

(d) Campground at Sam Rayburn Dam and Reservoir, Texas

The Secretary shall establish and develop the parcel of land (located in the State of Texas at the Sam Rayburn Dam and Reservoir) described in subsection (g) of this section as a separate campground for individuals sixty-two years of age or older.

(e) Control of use and access to campground at Sam Rayburn Dam and Reservoir, Texas

The Secretary shall prescribe regulations to control the use of and the access to the separate campground established and developed pursuant to subsection (d) of this section.

(f) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1986, $600,000 to carry out subsection (d) of this section.

(g) Boundaries of campground at Sam Rayburn Dam and Reservoir, Texas

The parcel of land to be established and developed as a separate campground pursuant to subsection (d) of this section is a tract of land of approximately 50 acres which is located in the county of Angelina in the State of Texas and which is part of the Thomas Hanks survey. The boundary of the parcel begins at a point at the corner furthest west of tract numbered 3420 of the Sam Rayburn Dam and Reservoir:

thence north 81 degrees 30 minutes east, approximately 2,800 feet to a point at the edge of the water;

thence south along the edge of the water approximately 2,600 feet;

thence north 80 degrees 30 minutes west, approximately 1,960 feet to a point at the reentrant corner of tract numbered 3419 of the Sam Rayburn Dam and Reservoir;

thence along the boundary line of tract numbered 3419 north 46 degrees 15 minutes west, 220 feet to a point at the center line of a road at the corner common to tract numbered 3419 and tract numbered 3420;

thence along the southwestern boundary line of tract numbered 3420 north 46 degrees 15 minutes west, 230 feet to a point at the corner furthest east of tract numbered 3424 of the Sam Rayburn Dam and Reservoir;

thence along the boundary line of tract numbered 3424 south 32 degrees 4 minutes west, 420 feet to a point;

thence along the boundary line of tract numbered 3424 north 28 degrees 34 minutes west, 170 feet to a point;

thence along the boundary line of tract numbered 3424 north 38 degrees 15 minutes east, 248 feet to a point;

thence along the boundary line of tract numbered 3424 north 32 degrees 44 minutes east, 120 feet to a point at the corner furthest north of tract numbered 3424;

thence along the southwestern boundary line of tract numbered 3420 north 46 degrees 15 minutes west, 460 feet to the beginning point.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title XI, §1127, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4245.)

§2309. Great Lakes Commodities Marketing Board

(a) Congressional declaration of purpose

To ensure the coordinated economic revitalization and environmental enhancement of the Great Lakes and their connecting channels and the Saint Lawrence Seaway (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Great Lakes"), known as the "Fourth Seacoast" of the United States, it is hereby declared to be the intent of Congress to recognize the importance of the economic vitality of the Great Lakes region, the importance of exports from the region in the United States balance of trade, and the need to assure an environmentally and socially responsible navigation system for the Great Lakes. Congress finds that the Great Lakes provide a diversity of agricultural, commercial, environmental, recreational, and related opportunities based on their extensive water resources and water transportation systems.

(b) Establishment; strategy development; composition of Board; Director; report; termination

(1) There is hereby established a Board to be known as the Great Lakes Commodities Marketing Board (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the "Board").

(2)(A) The Board shall develop a strategy to improve the capacity of the Great Lakes region to produce, market, and transport commodities in a timely manner and to maximize the efficiency and benefits of marketing products produced in the Great Lakes region and products shipped through the Great Lakes.

(B) The strategy shall address, among other things, environmental issues relating to transportation on the Great Lakes and marketing difficulties experienced due to late harvest seasons in the Great Lakes region. The strategy shall include, as appropriate alternative storage, sales, marketing, multimodal transportation systems, and other systems, to assure optimal economic benefits to the region from agricultural and other commercial activities. The strategy shall develop—

(i) methods to improve and promote both bulk and general cargo trade through Great Lakes ports;

(ii) methods to accelerate the movement of grains and other agricultural commodities through the Great Lakes;

(iii) methods to provide needed flexibility to farmers in the Great Lakes region to market grains and other agricultural commodities; and

(iv) methods and materials to promote trade from the Great Lakes region and through Great Lakes ports, particularly with European, Mediterranean, African, Caribbean, Central American, and South American nations.

(C) In developing the strategy, the Board shall conduct and consider the results of—

(i) an analysis of the feasibility and costs of using iron ore vessels, which are not being utilized, to move grain and other agricultural commodities on the Great Lakes;

(ii) an economic analysis of transshipping such commodities through Montreal, Canada, and other ports;

(iii) an analysis of the economic feasibility of storing such commodities during the non-navigation season of the Great Lakes and the feasibility of and need for construction of new storage facilities for such commodities;

(iv) an analysis of the constraints on the flexibility of farmers in the Great Lakes region to market grains and other agricultural commodities, including harvest dates for such commodities and the availability of transport and storage facilities for such commodities; and

(v) an analysis of the amount of grain and other agricultural commodities produced in the United States which are being diverted to Canada by rail but which could be shipped on the Great Lakes if vessels were available for shipping such products during the navigation season.

(D) In developing the strategy, the Board shall consider weather problems and related costs and marketing problems resulting from the late harvest of agricultural commodities (including wheat and sunflower seeds) in the Great Lakes region.

(E) In developing the strategy, the Board shall consult United States ports on the Great Lakes and their users, including farm organizations (such as wheat growers and soybean growers), port authorities, water carrier organizations, and other interested persons.

(3) The Board shall be composed of seven members as follows:

(A) the chairman of the Great Lakes Commission or his or her delegate,

(B) the Secretary or his or her delegate,

(C) the Secretary of Transportation or his or her delegate,

(D) the Secretary of Commerce or his or her delegate,

(E) the Administrator of the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation or his or her delegate,

(F) the Secretary of Agriculture or his or her delegate, and

(G) the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or his or her delegate.

(4)(A) Members of the Board shall serve for the life of the Board.

(B) Members of the Board shall serve without pay and those members who are full time officers or employees of the United States shall receive no additional pay by reason of their service on the Board, except that members of the Board shall be allowed travel or transportation expenses under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5 while away from their homes or regular places of business and engaged in the actual performance of duties vested in the Board.

(C) Four members of the Board shall constitute a quorum but a lesser number may hold hearings.

(D) The co-chairmen of the Board shall be the Secretary or his or her delegate and the Administrator of the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation or his or her delegate.

(E) The Board shall meet at the call of the co-chairmen or a majority of its members.

(5)(A) The Board shall, without regard to section 5311(b) ¹ of title 5, have a Director, who shall be appointed by the Board and shall be paid at a rate which the Board considers appropriate.

(B) Subject to such rules as may be prescribed by the Board, without regard to 5311(b) ¹ of title 5, the Board may appoint and fix the pay of such additional personnel as the Board considers appropriate.

(C) Upon request of the Board, the head of any Federal agency is authorized to detail, on a reimbursable basis, any of the personnel of such agency to the Board to assist the Board in carrying out its duties under this subsection.

(6)(A) The Board may, for purposes of carrying out this subsection, hold such hearings, sit and act at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such evidence, as the Board considers appropriate.

(B) Any member or agent of the Board may, if so authorized by the Board, take any action which the Board is authorized to take by this paragraph.

(C) The Board may secure directly from any department or agency of the United States any information necessary to enable it to carry out this subsection. Upon request of the co-chairmen of the Board, the head of such department or agency shall furnish such information to the Board.

(D) The Board may use the United States mail in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and agencies of the United States.

(E) The Administrator of General Services shall provide to the Board on a reimbursable basis such administrative support services as the Board may request.

(7) Not later than September 30, 1989, the Board shall transmit to the President and to each House of the Congress a report stating the strategy developed under this subsection and the results of each analysis conducted under this subsection. Such report shall contain a detailed statement of the findings and conclusions of the Board together with its recommendations for such legislative and administrative actions as it considers appropriate to carry out such strategy and to assure maximum economic benefits to the users of the Great Lakes and to the Great Lakes region.

(8) The Board shall cease to exist 180 days after submitting its report pursuant to this subsection.

(9) The non-Federal share of the cost of carrying out this subsection shall be 25 percent. There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the Federal share of this subsection for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1986, and ending before October 1, 1990.

(c) International advisory group

(1) The President shall invite the Government of Canada to join in the formation of an international advisory group whose duty it shall be (A) to develop a bilateral program for improving navigation, through a coordinated strategy, on the Great Lakes, and (B) to conduct investigations on a continuing basis and make recommendations for a system-wide navigation improvement program to facilitate optimum use of the Great Lakes. The advisory group shall be composed of five members representing the United States, five members representing Canada, and two members from the International Joint Commission established by the treaty between the United States and Great Britain relating to boundary waters between the United States and Canada, signed at Washington, January 11, 1909 (36 Stat. 2448). The five members representing the United States shall include the Secretary of State, one member of the Great Lakes Commodities Marketing Board (as designated by the Board), and three individuals appointed by the President representing commercial, shipping, and environmental interests, respectively.

(2) The United States representatives to the international advisory group shall serve without pay and the United States representatives to the advisory group who are full time officers or employees of the United States shall receive no additional pay by reason of their service on the advisory group, except that the United States representatives shall be allowed travel or transportation expenses under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5 while away from their homes or regular place of business and engaged in the actual performance of duties vested in the advisory group.

(3) The international advisory group established by this subsection shall report to Congress and to the Canadian Parliament on its progress in carrying out the duties set forth in this subsection not later than one year after the formation of such group and biennially thereafter.

(d) Review of environmental, economic, and social impacts of navigation in United States portion of Great Lakes

The Secretary and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, in cooperation with the Secretary of the Interior, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and other appropriate Federal and non-Federal entities, shall carry out a review of the environmental, economic, and social impacts of navigation in the United States portion of the Great Lakes. In carrying out such review, the Secretary and the Administrator shall use existing research, studies, and investigations relating to such impacts to the maximum extent possible. Special emphasis shall be made in such review of the impacts of navigation on the shoreline and on fish and wildlife habitat, including, but not limited to, impacts associated with resuspension of bottom sediment. The Secretary and the Administrator shall submit to Congress an interim report of such review not later than September 30, 1988, and a final report of such review along with recommendations not later than September 30, 1990.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title XI, §1132, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4246.)

References in Text

Section 5311(b) of title 5, referred to in subsec. (b)(5)(A), (B), was repealed by Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §104(c)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1447.

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (c)(3) of this section relating to the requirement that the international advisory group report biennially to Congress, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 193 of House Document No. 103–7.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§2309a. Project modifications for improvement of environment

(a) Determination of need

The Secretary is authorized to review water resources projects constructed by the Secretary to determine the need for modifications in the structures and operations of such projects for the purpose of improving the quality of the environment in the public interest and to determine if the operation of such projects has contributed to the degradation of the quality of the environment.

(b) Authority to make modifications

The Secretary is authorized to carry out a program for the purpose of making such modifications in the structures and operations of water resources projects constructed by the Secretary which the Secretary determines (1) are feasible and consistent with the authorized project purposes, and (2) will improve the quality of the environment in the public interest.

(c) Restoration of environmental quality

(1) In general

If the Secretary determines that construction of a water resources project by the Secretary or operation of a water resources project constructed by the Secretary has contributed to the degradation of the quality of the environment, the Secretary may undertake measures for restoration of environmental quality and measures for enhancement of environmental quality that are associated with the restoration, through modifications either at the project site or at other locations that have been affected by the construction or operation of the project, if such measures do not conflict with the authorized project purposes.

(2) Control of sea lamprey

Congress finds that—

(A) the Great Lakes navigation system has been instrumental in the spread of sea lamprey and the associated impacts on its fishery; and

(B) the use of the authority under this subsection for control of sea lamprey at any Great Lakes basin location is appropriate.

(d) Non-Federal share; limitation on maximum Federal expenditure

The non-Federal share of the cost of any modifications or measures carried out or undertaken pursuant to subsection (b) or (c) shall be 25 percent. The non-Federal share may be provided in kind, including a facility, supply, or service that is necessary to carry out the modification or measure. Not more than $10,000,000 in Federal funds may be expended on any single modification or measure carried out or undertaken pursuant to this section.

(e) Coordination of actions

The Secretary shall coordinate any actions taken pursuant to this section with appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies.

(f) Omitted

(g) Nonprofit entities

Notwithstanding section 1962d–5b of title 42, a non-Federal sponsor for any project carried out under this section may include a nonprofit entity, with the consent of the affected local government.

(h) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $50,000,000 annually to carry out this section.

(i) Definition

In this section, the term "water resources project constructed by the Secretary" includes a water resources project constructed or funded jointly by the Secretary and the head of any other Federal agency (including the Natural Resources Conservation Service).

(Pub. L. 99–662, title XI, §1135, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4251; Pub. L. 100–676, §41, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4040; Pub. L. 101–640, title III, §304, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4634; Pub. L. 102–580, title II, §202, Oct. 31, 1992, 106 Stat. 4826; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §204, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3678; Pub. L. 106–53, title V, §506, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 338; Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §210(c), Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2592; Pub. L. 110–114, title II, §2024, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1079; Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1030(f), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1232; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1157(g), Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3794.)

Codification

Subsec. (f) of this section, which required the Secretary to transmit biennial reports to Congress on the results of reviews conducted under subsec. (a) of this section and on the programs conducted under subsecs. (b) and (c) of this section, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 72 of House Document No. 103–7.

Section was formerly set out as a note under section 2294 of this title.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 115–270 substituted "$50,000,000" for "$40,000,000".

2014—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–121 substituted "The non-Federal share may be provided" for "Not more than 80 percent of the non-Federal share may be" and "$10,000,000" for "$5,000,000".

2007—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 110–114 substituted "$40,000,000" for "$25,000,000".

2000—Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 106–541 added subsec. (g) and redesignated former subsecs. (g) and (h) as (h) and (i), respectively.

1999—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–53 designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–303, §204(a), struck out "the operation of" after "to review" and inserted before period at end "and to determine if the operation of such projects has contributed to the degradation of the quality of the environment".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–303, §204(b), struck out at end "The non-Federal share of the cost of any modifications carried out under this section shall be 25 percent. No modification shall be carried out under this section without specific authorization by Congress if the estimated cost exceeds $5,000,000."

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 104–303, §204(c)(2), added subsecs. (c) and (d). Former subsecs. (c) and (d) redesignated (e) and (f), respectively.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–303, §204(c)(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–303, §204(c)(1), (3), redesignated subsec. (d) as (f) and substituted "programs conducted under subsections (b) and (c)" for "program conducted under subsection (b)".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–303, §204(c)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (g).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 104–303, §204(d), added subsec. (h).

1992—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–580, §202(1), inserted at end "No modification shall be carried out under this section without specific authorization by Congress if the estimated cost exceeds $5,000,000."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–580, §202(2), substituted "$25,000,000" for "$15,000,000".

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–640, §304(a), struck out "before the date of enactment of this Act" after "constructed by the Secretary".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–640, §304(b), substituted "program" for "demonstration program in the 5-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act" and struck out "before the date of enactment of this Act" after "constructed by the Secretary".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–640, §304(c), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: "Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a report on the results of the review conducted under subsection (a) and on the demonstration program conducted under subsection (b). Such report shall contain any recommendations of the Secretary concerning modification and extension of such program."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–640, §304(d), substituted "$15,000,000 annually to carry out this section" for "$25,000,000 to carry out this section".

1988—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–676, §41(a), substituted "5-year period" for "two-year period".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–676, §41(b), substituted "5 years" for "two years".

§2310. Cost sharing for Territories and Indian tribes

(a) In general

The Secretary shall waive local cost-sharing requirements up to $200,000 for all studies and projects—

(1) in American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; and

(2) for any Indian tribe or tribal organization (as those terms are defined in section 5304 of title 25).

(b) Inflation adjustment

The Secretary shall adjust the dollar amount specified in subsection (a) for inflation for the period beginning on November 17, 1986, and ending on October 23, 2018.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title XI, §1156, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4256; Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1032, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1233; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §1119, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1643; Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §§1155(a), 1156, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3793.)

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–270, §1155(a), substituted "or tribal organization (as those terms are defined in section 5304 of title 25)." for "(as defined in section 5130 of title 25)."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–270, §1156, substituted "October 23, 2018" for "June 10, 2014".

2016—Pub. L. 114–322, §1119(1), inserted "and Indian tribes" after "Territories" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–322, §1119(2), inserted dash after "projects" and par. (1) designation before "in American" and added par. (2).

2014—Pub. L. 113–121 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and inserted heading, inserted "Puerto Rico," before "and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands", and added subsec. (b).

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

§2311. Report to Congress covering proposals for water impoundment facilities

Any report that is submitted to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate or the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives by the Secretary, or the Secretary of Agriculture acting under Public Law 83–566, as amended [16 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.], which proposes construction of a water impoundment facility, shall include information on the consequences of failure and geologic or design factors which could contribute to the possible failure of such facility.

(Pub. L. 99–662, title XII, §1202, Nov. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 4263.)

References in Text

Public Law 83–566, as amended, referred to in text, is act Aug. 4, 1954, ch. 656, 68 Stat. 666, known as the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act, which is classified principally to chapter 18 (§1001 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of Title 16 and Tables.

Change of Name

Committee on Public Works and Transportation of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.

§2312. Comments on certain changes in operations of reservoirs

Before the Secretary may make changes in the operation of any reservoir which will result in or require a reallocation of storage space in such reservoir or will significantly affect any project purpose, the Secretary shall provide an opportunity for public review and comment.

(Pub. L. 100–676, §5, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4022.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1988, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 100–676, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2313. Collaborative research and development

(a) In general

For the purpose of improving the state of engineering and construction in the United States and consistent with the civil works mission of the Army Corps of Engineers, the Secretary is authorized to utilize Army Corps of Engineers laboratories and research centers to undertake, on a cost-shared basis, collaborative research and development with non-Federal entities, including State and local government, colleges and universities, and corporations, partnerships, sole proprietorships, and trade associations which are incorporated or established under the laws of any of the several States of the United States or the District of Columbia.

(b) Pre-agreement temporary protection of technology

(1) In general

If the Secretary determines that information developed as a result of research and development activities conducted by the Corps of Engineers is likely to be subject to a cooperative research and development agreement within 2 years of its development and that such information would be a trade secret or commercial or financial information that would be privileged or confidential if the information had been obtained from a non-Federal party participating in a cooperative research and development agreement under section 12 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a), the Secretary may provide appropriate protection against the dissemination of such information, including exemption from subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5, until the earlier of the date the Secretary enters into such an agreement with respect to such technology or the last day of the 2-year period beginning on the date of such determination.

(2) Treatment

Any technology covered by this section that becomes the subject of a cooperative research and development agreement shall be accorded the protection provided under section 12(c)(7)(B) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 3710a(c)(7)(B)) as if such technology had been developed under a cooperative research and development agreement.

(c) Administrative provisions

In carrying out this section, the Secretary may consider the recommendations of a non-Federal entity in identifying appropriate research or development projects and may enter into a cooperative research and development agreement, as defined in section 12 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a); except that in such agreement, the Secretary may agree to provide not more than 50 percent of the cost of any research or development project selected by the Secretary under this section. Not less than 5 percent of the non-Federal entity's share of the cost of any such project shall be paid in cash.

(d) Applicability of other laws

The research, development, or utilization of any technology pursuant to an agreement under subsection (c), including the terms under which such technology may be licensed and the resulting royalties may be distributed, shall be subject to the provisions of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3701–3714).

(e) Authorization of appropriations

To carry out the purposes of this section, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the Army civil works funds $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1989, $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1990, $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, and $6,000,000 for each fiscal year thereafter.

(f) Funding from other Federal sources

The Secretary may accept and expend additional funds from other Federal programs, including other Department of Defense programs, to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 100–676, §7, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4022; Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §214, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3684.)

References in Text

The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 96–480, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2311, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 63 (§3701 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3701 of Title 15 and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1988, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–303, §214(a)(1), inserted "civil works" before "mission".

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 104–303, §214(b)(1), (2), added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–303, §214(b)(1), (3), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d) and substituted "subsection (c)" for "subsection (b)". Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–303, §214(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Pub. L. 104–303, §214(a)(2), added subsec. (e) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (e). Text read as follows: "Notwithstanding the third proviso under the heading 'General Investigations' of title I of the Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act, 1989 (102 Stat. 857), an additional $3,000,000 of the funds appropriated under such heading shall be available to the Secretary for obligation to carry out the purposes of this section in fiscal year 1989."

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–303, §214(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f).

Magnetic Levitation Technology

Pub. L. 101–640, title IV, §417, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4652, provided that:

"(a) Research and Development.—The Secretary is authorized, in cooperation with the Secretary of Transportation, to conduct research and development activities on magnetic levitation technology or to provide for such research and development.

"(b) Collaboration.—The Secretary is authorized to collaborate with non-Federal entities (including State and local governments, colleges and universities, and corporations, partnerships, sole proprietorships, and trade associations which are incorporated or established under laws of a State or the District of Columbia) in carrying out research and development on magnetic levitation technology.

"(c) Cooperative Research Contracts.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary may enter into contracts or cooperative research and development agreements under section 12 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a), except that the Secretary may fund up to 50 percent of the cost of each collaborative research and development project undertaken.

"(d) Licensing of Research and Development.—The research, development, and use of any technology developed under an agreement entered into pursuant to this section, including the terms under which such technology may be licensed and the resulting royalties may be distributed, shall be subject to the provisions of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3701–3714). In addition, the Secretary may require the non-Federal entity to certify that such research and development will be performed substantially in the United States and that products embodying inventions made under an agreement entered into pursuant to this section or produced through the use of such inventions will be manufactured substantially in the United States.

"(e) Authorization of Appropriations.—For purposes of carrying out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1990 and $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1991. Such funds shall remain available until expended. No funds are authorized to be appropriated under this section for any fiscal year beginning after September 30, 1991."

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 100–676, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2313a. Engineering and environmental innovations of national significance

(a) Surveys, plans, and studies

To encourage innovative and environmentally sound engineering solutions and innovative environmental solutions to problems of national significance, the Secretary may undertake surveys, plans, and studies and prepare reports that may lead to work under existing civil works authorities or to recommendations for authorizations.

(b) Funding

(1) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1997 through 2000.

(2) Funding from other sources

The Secretary may accept and expend additional funds from other Federal agencies, States, or non-Federal entities for purposes of carrying out this section.

(Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §212, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3684.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1996, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–303, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2313b. Support of Army civil works program

(a) General authority

In carrying out research and development in support of the civil works program of the Department of the Army, the Secretary may utilize contracts, cooperative research and development agreements, cooperative agreements, and grants with non-Federal entities, including State and local governments, colleges and universities, consortia, professional and technical societies, public and private scientific and technical foundations, research institutions, educational organizations, and nonprofit organizations.

(b) Commercial application

With respect to contracts for research and development, the Secretary may include requirements that have potential commercial application and may use such potential application as an evaluation factor where appropriate.

(Pub. L. 104–303, title II, §229, Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3703.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1996, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–303, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2314. Innovative technology

(a) Use

The Secretary shall, whenever feasible, seek to promote long- and short-term cost savings, increased efficiency, reliability, and safety, and improved environmental results through the use of innovative technology in all phases of water resources development projects and programs under the Secretary's jurisdiction. To further this goal, Congress encourages the Secretary to—

(1) use procurement and contracting procedures that encourage innovative project design, construction, rehabilitation, repair, and operation and maintenance technologies;

(2) frequently review technical and design criteria to remove or modify unnecessary impediments to innovation;

(3) increase timely exchange of technical information with universities, private companies, government agencies, and individuals;

(4) foster design competition; and

(5) encourage greater participation by non-Federal project sponsors in the development and implementation of projects.

(b) Accelerated adoption of innovative technologies for management of contaminated sediments

(1) Test projects

The Secretary shall approve an appropriate number of projects to test, under actual field conditions, innovative technologies for environmentally sound management of contaminated sediments.

(2) Demonstration projects

The Secretary may approve an appropriate number of projects to demonstrate innovative technologies that have been pilot tested under paragraph (1).

(3) Conduct of projects

Each pilot project under paragraph (1) and demonstration project under paragraph (2) shall be conducted by a university with proven expertise in the research and development of contaminated sediment treatment technologies and innovative applications using waste materials.

(4) Location

At least 1 of the projects under this subsection shall be conducted in New England by the University of New Hampshire.

(c) Reports

Within 2 years after November 17, 1988, and thereafter at the Secretary's discretion, the Secretary shall provide Congress with a report on the results of, and recommendations to increase, the development and use of innovative technology in water resources development projects under the Secretary's jurisdiction. Such report shall also contain information regarding innovative technologies which the Secretary has considered and rejected for use in water resources development projects under the Secretary's jurisdiction.

(d) "Innovative technology" defined

For the purpose of this section, the term "innovative technology" means designs, methods, or materials, including roller compacted concrete, geosynthetic materials, and advanced composites, that the Secretary determines are appropriate to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 100–676, §8, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4023; Pub. L. 106–53, title V, §503(b), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 337; Pub. L. 113–121, title III, §3021, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1301.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1988, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–121 substituted "methods, or materials, including roller compacted concrete, geosynthetic materials, and advanced composites, that the Secretary determines are appropriate to carry out this section." for "materials, or methods which the Secretary determines are previously undemonstrated or are too new to be considered standard practice."

1999—Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 106–53 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsecs. (b) and (c) as (c) and (d), respectively.

Design-Build Contracting

Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §221, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2596, provided that:

"(a) Pilot Program.—The Secretary [of the Army] may conduct a pilot program consisting of not more than 5 authorized projects to test the design-build method of project delivery on various authorized civil works projects of the Corps of Engineers, including levees, pumping plants, revetments, dikes, dredging, weirs, dams, retaining walls, generation facilities, mattress laying, recreation facilities, and other water resources facilities.

"(b) Design-Build Defined.—In this section, the term 'design-build' means an agreement between the Federal Government and a contractor that provides for both the design and construction of a project by a single contract.

"(c) Report.—Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 11, 2000], the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a report on the results of the pilot program."

Review of Innovative Dredging Technologies

Pub. L. 106–53, title V, §503(a), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 337, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Not later than June 1, 2001, the Secretary shall complete a review of innovative dredging technologies designed to minimize or eliminate contamination of a water column upon removal of contaminated sediments.

"(2) Testing.—

"(A) Selection of technology.—After completion of the review under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall select, from among the technologies reviewed, the technology that the Secretary determines will best increase the effectiveness of removing contaminated sediments and significantly reduce contamination of the water column.

"(B) Agreement.—Not later than December 31, 2001, the Secretary shall enter into an agreement with a public or private entity to test the selected technology in the vicinity of Peoria Lakes, Illinois.

"(3) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $2,000,000."

Beneficial Use of Waste Tire Rubber

Pub. L. 106–53, title V, §561, Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 355, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary shall, when appropriate, encourage the beneficial use of waste tire rubber (including crumb rubber and baled tire products) recycled from tires.

"(b) Included Beneficial Uses.—Beneficial uses under subsection (a) may include marine pilings, underwater framing, floating docks with built-in flotation, utility poles, and other uses associated with transportation and infrastructure projects receiving Federal funds.

"(c) Use of Waste Tire Rubber.—The Secretary shall encourage the use, when appropriate, of waste tire rubber (including crumb rubber) in projects described in subsection (b)."

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 100–676, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2314a. Technical assistance program

(a) In general

The Secretary is authorized to provide technical assistance, on a nonexclusive basis, to any United States firm which is competing for, or has been awarded, a contract for the planning, design, or construction of a project outside the United States, if the United States firm provides, in advance of fiscal obligation by the United States, funds to cover all costs of such assistance. In determining whether to provide such assistance, the Secretary shall consider the effects on the Department of the Army civil works mission, personnel, and facilities. Prior to the Secretary providing such assistance, a United States firm must—

(1) certify to the Secretary that such assistance is not otherwise reasonably and expeditiously available; and

(2) agree to hold and save the United States free from damages due to the planning, design, construction, operation, or maintenance of the project.

(b) Federal employees' inventions

As to an invention made or conceived by a Federal employee while providing assistance pursuant to this section, if the Secretary decides not to retain all rights in such invention, the Secretary may—

(1) grant or agree to grant in advance, to a United States firm, a patent license or assignment, or an option thereto, retaining a nonexclusive, nontransferable, irrevocable, paid-up license to practice the invention or have the invention practiced throughout the world by or on behalf of the United States and such other rights as the Secretary deems appropriate; or

(2) waive, subject to reservation by the United States of a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up license to practice the invention or have the invention practiced throughout the world by or on behalf of the United States, in advance, in whole, or in part, any right which the United States may have to such invention.

(c) Protection of confidential information

Information of a confidential nature, such as proprietary or classified information, provided to a United States firm pursuant to this section shall be protected. Such information may be released by a United States firm only after written approval by the Secretary.

(d) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) United States firm

The term "United States firm" means a corporation, partnership, limited partnership, or sole proprietorship that is incorporated or established under the laws of any of the United States with its principal place of business in the United States.

(2) United States

The term "United States", when used in a geographical sense, means the several States of the United States and the District of Columbia.

(Pub. L. 100–676, §9, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4024; Pub. L. 101–640, title III, §318(c), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4642.)

Codification

Section was formerly set out as a note under section 2314 of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1988, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1990—Pub. L. 101–640, §318(c)(1), struck out "demonstration" after "Technical assistance" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–640, §318(c)(2), struck out "to undertake a demonstration program for a 2-year period, which shall begin within 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act," after "The Secretary is authorized".

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 101–640, §318(c)(3), (4), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which read as follows: "Within 6 months after the end of the demonstration program authorized by this section, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the results of such demonstration program."

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 100–676, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2314b. Advanced modeling technologies

(a) In general

To the greatest extent practicable, the Secretary shall encourage and incorporate advanced modeling technologies, including 3-dimensional digital modeling, that can expedite project delivery or improve the evaluation of water resources development projects that receive Federal funding by—

(1) accelerating and improving the environmental review process;

(2) increasing effective public participation;

(3) enhancing the detail and accuracy of project designs;

(4) increasing safety;

(5) accelerating construction and reducing construction costs; or

(6) otherwise achieving the purposes described in paragraphs (1) through (5).

(b) Activities

In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary, to the greatest extent practicable, shall—

(1) compile information related to advanced modeling technologies, including industry best practices with respect to the use of the technologies;

(2) disseminate to non-Federal interests the information described in paragraph (1); and

(3) promote the use of advanced modeling technologies.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1034, June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1234.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2315. Periodic statements

Upon receipt of a request from a non-Federal sponsor of a water resources development project under construction by the Secretary, the Secretary shall provide such sponsor with periodic statements of project expenditures. Such statements shall include an estimate of all Federal and non-Federal funds expended by the Secretary, including overhead expenditures, the purpose for expenditures, and a schedule of anticipated expenditures during the remaining period of construction. Statements shall be provided to the sponsor at intervals of no greater than 6 months.

(Pub. L. 100–676, §10, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4024.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1988, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 100–676, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2315a. Transparency in accounting and administrative expenses

On the request of a non-Federal interest, the Secretary shall provide to the non-Federal interest a detailed accounting of the Federal expenses associated with a water resources project.

(Pub. L. 113–121, title I, §1012(a), June 10, 2014, 128 Stat. 1218.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 113–121, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2315b. Transparency and accountability in cost sharing for water resources development projects

(a) Definition of balance sheet

In this section, the term "balance sheet" means a document that describes—

(1) the funds provided by each Federal and non-Federal interest for a water resources development project; and

(2) the status of those funds.

(b) Establishment of balance sheet

Each district of the Corps of Engineers shall, using the authority of the Secretary under section 2315 of this title—

(1) maintain a balance sheet for each water resources development project carried out by the Secretary for which a non-Federal cost share is required; and

(2) on request of a non-Federal interest that provided funds for the project, provide to the non-Federal interest a copy of the balance sheet.

(c) Under-budget projects

In the case of a water resources development project carried out by the Secretary that is completed at a cost less than the estimated cost, the Secretary shall transfer any excess non-Federal funds to the non-Federal interest in accordance with the cost-share requirement applicable to the project.

(Pub. L. 115–270, title I, §1120, Oct. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 3777.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2018, and also as part of the America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 102 of Pub. L. 115–270, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2316. Environmental protection mission

(a) General rule

The Secretary shall include environmental protection as one of the primary missions of the Corps of Engineers in planning, designing, constructing, operating, and maintaining water resources projects.

(b) Limitation

Nothing in this section affects—

(1) existing Corps of Engineers' authorities, including its authorities with respect to navigation and flood control;

(2) pending Corps of Engineers permit applications or pending lawsuits involving permits or water resources projects; or

(3) the application of public interest review procedures for Corps of Engineers permits.

(Pub. L. 101–640, title III, §306, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4635.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1990, and not as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 which comprises this chapter.

"Secretary" Defined

Secretary means the Secretary of the Army, see section 2 of Pub. L. 101–640, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

§2317. Wetlands

(a) Goals and action plan

(1) Goals

There is established, as part of the Corps of Engineers water resources development program, an interim goal of no overall net loss of the Nation's remaining wetlands base, as defined by acreage and function, and a long-term goal to increase the quality and quantity of the Nation's wetlands, as defined by acreage and function.

(2) Use of authorities

The Secretary shall utilize all appropriate authorities, including those to restore and create wetlands, in meeting the interim and long-term goals.

(3) Action plan

(A) Development

The Secretary shall develop, in consultation with the Environmental Protection Agency, the Fish and Wildlife Service, and other appropriate Federal agencies, a wetlands action plan to achieve the goals established by this subsection as soon as possible.

(B) Contents

The plan shall include and identify actions to be taken by the Secretary in achieving the goals and any new authorities which may be necessary to accelerate attainment of the goals.

(C) Completion deadline

The Secretary shall complete the plan not later than 1 year after November 28, 1990.

(b) Constructed wetlands for Mud Creek, Arkansas

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary is authorized and directed to establish and carry out a research and pilot project to evaluate and demonstrate—

(1) the use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment, and

(2) methods by which such projects contribute—

(A) to meeting the objective of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act [33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.] to restore and maintain the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters, and

(B) to attaining the goals established by subsection (a).

The project under this subsection shall be carried out to improve the quality of effluent discharged from publicly owned treatment works operated by the city of Fayetteville, Arkansas, into Mud Creek or its tributaries.

(c) Non-Federal responsibilities

For the project conducted under subsection (b), the non-Federal interest shall agree—

(1) to provide, without cost to the United States, all lands, easements, rights-of-way, relocations, and dredged material disposal areas necessary for construction and subsequent research and demonstration work;

(2) to hold and save the United States free from damages due to construction, operation, and maintenance of the project, except damages due to the fault or negligence of the United States or its contractors; and

(3) to operate and maintain the restored or constructed wetlands in accordance with good management practices; except that nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as precluding a Federal agency from agreeing to operate and maintain the restored or reconstructed wetlands.

The value of the non-Federal lands, easements, rights-of-way, relocations, and dredged material disposal areas provided by the non-Federal interest shall be credited toward the non-Federal share of project design and construction costs. The non-Federal share of project design and construction costs shall be 25 percent.

(d) Wetlands restoration and enhancement demonstration program

(1) Establishment and implementation

The Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator, is authorized to establish and implement a demonstration program for the purpose of determining the feasibility of wetlands restoration, enhancement, and creation as a means of contributing to the goals established by subsection (a).

(2) Goal

The goal of the program under this subsection shall be to establish a limited number of demonstration wetlands restoration, enhancement, and creation areas in districts of the Corps of Engineers for the purpose of evaluating the technical and scientific long-term feasibility of such areas as a means of contributing to the attainment of the goals established by subsection (a). Federal and State land-owning agencies and private parties may contribute to such areas.

(3) Factors to consider

In establishing the demonstration program under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider—

(A) past experience with wetlands restoration, enhancement, and creation;

(B) the appropriate means of measuring benefits of compensatory mitigation activities, including enhancement or restoration of existing wetlands or creation of wetlands;

(C) the appropriate geographic scope for which wetlands loss may be offset by restoration, enhancement, and creation efforts;

(D) the technical feasibility and scientific likelihood that wetlands can be successfully restored, enhanced, and created;

(E) means of establishing liability for, and long-term ownership of, wetlands restoration, enhancement, and creation areas; and

(F) responsibilities for short- and long-term project monitoring.

(4) Reporting

(A) To the Chief of Engineers

The district engineer for each district of the Corps of Engineers in which a wetlands restoration, enhancement, and creation area is established under this subsection shall transmit annual reports to the Chief of Engineers describing the amount and value of wetlands restored, enhanced, and created for the area and a summary of whether the area is contributing to the goal established in paragraph (2).

(B) To Congress

Not later than 3 years after November 28, 1990, the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a report evaluating the use of wetlands restoration, enhancement, and creation areas in fulfilling the goal established by paragraph (2), together with recommendations on whether or not to continue use of such areas as a means of meeting the goals established by subsection (a).

(5) Effect on other laws

Nothing in this subsection affects any requirements under section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1344) or section 403 of this title.

(e) Training and certification of delineators

(1) In general

The Secretary is authorized to establish a program for the training and certification of individuals as wetlands delineators. As part of such program, the Secretary shall carry out demonstration projects in districts of the Corps of Engineers. The program shall include training and certification of delineators and procedures for expediting consideration and acceptance of delineations performed by certified delineators.

(2) Reports

The Secretary shall transmit to Congress periodic reports concerning the status of the program and any recommendations on improving the content and implementation of the Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands.

(