[USC02] CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
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*Public Laws 116-315 through 117-1 have been enacted but classifications have not yet been finalized. The currency ("laws in effect") date does not reflect acts for which classification has not been finalized.

TITLE 34—CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT

Subtitle I—Comprehensive Acts

Chap.
Sec.
101.
Justice System Improvement
10101
111.
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
11101
121.
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement
12101

        

Subtitle II—Protection of Children and Other Persons

201.
Victim Rights, Compensation, and Assistance
20101
203.
Victims of Child Abuse
20301
205.
AMBER Alert
20501
207.
Combating Domestic Trafficking in Persons
20701
209.
Child Protection and Safety
20901
211.
Combating Child Exploitation
21101
213.
Rape Survivor Child Custody
21301
215.
Advanced Notification of Traveling Sex Offenders
21501
217.
Elder Abuse Prevention and Prosecution
21701
219.
Ashanti Alert Communications Network
21901

        

Subtitle III—Prevention of Particular Crimes

301.
Computer Crimes and Intellectual Property Crimes
30101
303.
Prison Rape Elimination
30301
305.
Hate Crimes
30501

        

Subtitle IV—Criminal Records and Information

401.
Child Abuse Crime Information and Background Checks
40101
403.
Criminal Justice Identification, Information, and Communication
40301
405.
Reporting of Unidentified and Missing Persons
40501
407.
DNA Identification
40701
409.
National Instant Criminal Background Check System
40901
411.
Access to Criminal History and Identification Records
41101
413.
Crime Reports and Statistics
41301
415.
Resource Centers, Task Forces, Databases, and Programs
41501

        

Subtitle V—Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Personnel

501.
Emergency Federal Law Enforcement Assistance
50101
503.
Law Enforcement Congressional Badge of Bravery
50301
505.
National Blue Alert
50501
507.
Law Enforcement Suicide Data Collection
50701

        

Subtitle VI—Other Crime Control and Law Enforcement Matters

601.
Prisons
60101
603.
Improving the Quality of Representation in State Capital Cases
60301
605.
Recidivism Prevention
60501
607.
Project Safe Neighborhoods Block Grant Program
60701

        

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior Title 34, Navy, was repealed generally by act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 1, which revised and codified the statutory provisions that related to the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, and enacted those provisions into law as Title 10, Armed Forces. For distribution of provisions of former Title 34 in Title 10, see Table II, set out preceding the text of Title 10.

Disposition Table
(Showing disposition of provisions classified to the Code)
Former ClassificationNew Classification or Disposition
18:1 note prec (Ex. Ord. No. 11396, Feb. 7, 1968, 33 F.R. 2689) 34:10101 note prec
18:1 note (Pub. L. 111–84, div. E, §4701, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2835) 34:10101 note
18:249 note (Pub. L. 111–84, div. E, §4702, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2835) 34:30501
18:249 note (Pub. L. 111–84, div. E, §4709, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2841) 34:30505
18:249 note (Pub. L. 111–84, div. E, §4710, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2841) 34:30506
18:921 note prec (Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 16, 2013, 78 F.R. 4301) 34:40901 note
18:921 note prec (Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 4, 2016, 81 F.R. 719) 34:40901 note
18:922 note (Pub. L. 103–159, title I, §106(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1544) 34:40302
18:922 note (Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, §603(i)(2), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3504) 34:40302 note
18:922 note (Pub. L. 103–159, title I, §103, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1541) 34:40901
18:922 note (Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6213, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4360) 34:40901 note
18:922 note (Pub. L. 110–180, §1, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2559) 34:10101 note
18:922 note (Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §655], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681-530) 34:40901 note
18:922 note (Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §634, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 473) 34:40901 note
18:922 note (Pub. L. 112–55, div. B, title V, §511, Nov. 18, 2011, 125 Stat. 632) 34:40901 note
18:922 note (Pub. L. 110–180, §2, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2559) 34:40902
18:922 note (Pub. L. 110–180, §3, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2560) 34:40903
18:922 note (Pub. L. 110–180, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2561) 34:40911
18:922 note (Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 16, 2013, 78 F.R. 4297) 34:40911 note
18:922 note (Pub. L. 110–180, title I, §102, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2564) 34:40912
18:922 note (Pub. L. 110–180, title I, §103, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2567) 34:40913
18:922 note (Pub. L. 110–180, title I, §104, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2568) 34:40914
18:922 note (Pub. L. 110–180, title I, §105, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2569) 34:40915
18:922 note (Pub. L. 110–180, title I, §106, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2570) 34:40916
18:922 note (Pub. L. 110–180, title I, §201, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2570) 34:40931
18:922 note (Pub. L. 110–180, title I, §301, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2571) 34:40941
18:922 note (Pub. L. 110–180, title IV, §401, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2571) omitted
18:1832 note (Pub. L. 114–153, §4, May 11, 2016, 130 Stat. 382) 34:41310
18:3001 note prec (Pub. L. 89–197, §§1–11, Sept. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 828) 34:10101 note prec
18:4042 note (Pub. L. 105–370, §2(c), Nov. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 3375) 34:60101 note
18:4352 note (Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6292, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4369) 34:10426
28:509 note (Pub. L. 107–56, title VIII, §816, Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 385) 34:30102
28:509 note (Pub. L. 101–162, title II, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 995) 34:41103
28:509 note (Pub. L. 101–647, title XXV, §2539, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4884) 34:41501
28:509 note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title I, §104, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1766) 34:41504
28:509 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1105, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3092) 34:41505
28:509 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1106, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3093) 34:41506
28:509 note (Ex. Ord. No. 13774, Feb. 9, 2017, 82 F.R. 10695) 34:50101 note prec
28:509 note (Ex. Ord. No. 13776, Feb. 9, 2017, 82 F.R. 10699) 34:60101 note prec
28:522 note (Pub. L. 98–292, §9, May 21, 1984, 98 Stat. 206) 34:41301
28:522 note (Pub. L. 101–647, title XXV, §2546, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4885) 34:41306
28:531 note (Pub. L. 108–405, title II, §203(f), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2271) 34:40721
28:531 note (Pub. L. 105–314, title VII, §703(a)–(f), Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2987–2989) 34:41502
28:534 note (Pub. L. 100–413, §1, Aug. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1101) 34:10101 note
28:534 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title IX, §905(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3080) 34:20903
28:534 note (Pub. L. 92–544, title II, Oct. 25, 1972, 86 Stat. 1115) 34:41101
28:534 note (Pub. L. 100–413, §2, Aug. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1101) 34:41102
28:534 note (Pub. L. 100–413, §3, Aug. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1101) 34:41102 note
28:534 note (Pub. L. 101–515, title II, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2112) 34:41104
28:534 note (Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(b) [title I, §124], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–50, 2681-73) 34:41105
28:534 note (Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, §6402, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3755) 34:41106
28:534 note (Pub. L. 111–211, title II, §233(b), July 29, 2010, 124 Stat. 2279) 34:41107
28:534 note (Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7332, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4468) 34:41303
28:534 note (Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7609, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4517) 34:41304
28:534 note (Pub. L. 101–275, §1, Apr. 23, 1990, 104 Stat. 140) 34:41305
28:534 note (Pub. L. 101–275, §2, Apr. 23, 1990, 104 Stat. 140) 34:41305 note
28:534 note (Pub. L. 110–457, title II, §237(a), (b), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5083) 34:41309
28:534 note (Pub. L. 114–255, div. B, title XIV, §14015, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1306) 34:41311
28:534 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1107, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3093) 34:41507
28:566 note (Pub. L. 106–544, §6, Dec. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 2718) 34:41503
42:3702 34:10262
42:3711 34:10101
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 90–351, §1, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 90–351, title XI, §1601, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 239) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 91–644, §1, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1880) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 93–83, §1, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 197) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 94–430, §1, Sept. 29, 1976, 90 Stat. 1346) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 94–503, §1, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2407) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 96–157, §1, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1167) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §601, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2077) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §609I, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2102) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §609AA, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2107) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 99–570, title I, §1551, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–41) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title I, §10001, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1807) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 104–238, §1, Oct. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 3114) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 105–180, §1, June 16, 1998, 112 Stat. 511) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 105–181, §1, June 16, 1998, 112 Stat. 512) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 105–390, §1, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3495) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 106–177, title I, §101, Mar. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 35) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 106–515, §1, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2399) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 106–517, §1, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2407) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 106–561, §1, Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2787) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 106–572, §1, Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3058) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 107–196, §1, June 24, 2002, 116 Stat. 719) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title IV, §401, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1789) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title II, §2001, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1792) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, §11027(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1834) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, §12101, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1859) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 108–182, §1, Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2649) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 108–414, §1, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2327) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, §951, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3470) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 110–345, §1, Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3938) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 110–416, §1(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4352) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 110–421, §1, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4778) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 112–189, §1, Oct. 5, 2012, 126 Stat. 1435) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1086(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1964) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 114–22, title X, §1001, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 266) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 114–155, §1, May 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 389) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 114–199, §1, July 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 780) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 114–324, §14(a), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1958) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 115–36, §1, June 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 849) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 115–37, §1, June 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 854) 34:10101 note
42:3711 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, §320701, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2121) omitted
42:3712 34:10102
42:3712a 34:10103
42:3712a note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1121(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3107) 34:10103 note
42:3712a note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1121(c), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3107) 34:10103 note
42:3712b 34:10104
42:3712c 34:10105
42:3712e 34:10106
42:3712e note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1159(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3117) 34:10106 note
42:3712f 34:10107
42:3712f note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1160(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3117) 34:10107 note
42:3712g 34:10108
42:3712g note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1161(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3118) 34:10108 note
42:3712h 34:10109
42:3712h note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1158(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3116) 34:10109 note
42:3713 34:30101
42:3713a 34:30103
42:3713b 34:30104
42:3713c 34:30105
42:3713d 34:30106
42:3714 6:603 note
42:3714a 34:41508
42:3715 34:10110
42:3715 note (Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(a)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-20) 34:10110 note
42:3715 note (Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title I, §108], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A-67) 34:10110 note
42:3715a 34:10111
42:3716 34:30503
42:3716 note (Pub. L. 111–84, div. E, §4703(b), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2836) 34:30502
42:3716a 34:30504
42:3721 34:10121
42:3721 note (Pub. L. 110–424, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4819) 34:10121 note
42:3721 note (Pub. L. 101–515, title II, §211(B), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2122) omitted
42:3721 note (Pub. L. 101–647, title XXXIV, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4918) omitted
42:3721 note (Pub. L. 104–132, title VIII, §809, Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1311) omitted
42:3722 34:10122
42:3722 note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title II, §2201, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1793) omitted
42:3723 34:10123
42:3731 34:10131
42:3732 34:10132
42:3732 note (Pub. L. 105–301, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2838) 34:10132 note
42:3732 note (Pub. L. 106–534, §5, Nov. 22, 2000, 114 Stat. 2557) 34:10132 note
42:3732 note (Pub. L. 106–534, §6, Nov. 22, 2000, 114 Stat. 2557) 34:10132 note
42:3732 note (Pub. L. 111–211, title II, §251(c), July 29, 2010, 124 Stat. 2298) 34:10132 note
42:3732 note (Pub. L. 113–235, div. B, title II, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2191) 34:10132 note
42:3733 34:10133
42:3735 34:10134
42:3741 34:10141
42:3741 note (Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535 , 1501A–20) 34:10141 note
42:3742 34:10142
42:3743 34:20143
42:3750 34:10151
42:3750 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1111(d), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3102) 34:10151 note
42:3751 34:10152
42:3752 34:10153
42:3752 note (Pub. L. 114–255, div. B, title XIV, §14011, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1297) 34:10153 note
42:3752 note (Pub. L. 114–324, §14(c), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1959) 34:10153 note
42:3753 34:10154
42:3754 34:10155
42:3755 34:10156
42:3756 34:10157
42:3757 34:10158
42:3758 omitted
42:3762a 34:10171
42:3762b 34:10172
42:3763 34:10181
42:3764 34:10182
42:3765 34:10191
42:3766 34:10201
42:3766a 34:10202
42:3766b 34:10203
42:3771 34:10211
42:3771 note (Pub. L. 99–500, §101(b) [title II], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39 , 1783–48, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(b) [title II], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341-48) 34:10211 note
42:3771 note (Pub. L. 99–500, §101(b) [title II, §210], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39 , 1783–56, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(b) [title II, §210], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341-56) 34:10211 note
42:3771 note (Pub. L. 107–206, title I, §1202, Aug. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 887) 34:10211 note
42:3782 34:10221
42:3783 34:10222
42:3784 34:10223
42:3786 34:10224
42:3787 34:10225
42:3788 34:10226
42:3789 34:10227
42:3789d 34:10228
42:3789e 34:10229
42:3789f 34:10230
42:3789g 34:10231
42:3789i 34:10232
42:3789j 34:10233
42:3789k 34:10234
42:3789l 34:10235
42:3789m 34:10236
42:3789n 34:10237
42:3789p 34:10238
42:3791 34:10251
42:3791 note (Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1086(d), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1969) 34:10251 note
42:3791 note (Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title X, §1091(b), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 876) 34:10251 note
42:3791 note (Pub. L. 114–326, §2(c), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1973) 34:10251 note
42:3793 34:10261
42:3793 note (Pub. L. 96–132, §20(a), Nov. 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 1049) 34:10261 note
42:3793 note (Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(b)(1)(B)(ii)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321-21) 34:10261 note
42:3793 note (Pub. L. 109–162, §4, as added by Pub. L. 109–271, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 750) 34:10261 note
42:3793 note (Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title III, §1302(d), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1511) 34:20324 note
42:3793c 34:10263
42:3795 34:10271
42:3795a 34:10272
42:3795b 34:10273
42:3796 34:10281
42:3796 note (Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6105(e), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4341) 34:10281 note
42:3796 note (Pub. L. 101–647, title XIII, §1303, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4835) 34:10281 note
42:3796 note (Pub. L. 102–520, §2, Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3402) 34:10281 note
42:3796 note (Pub. L. 107–56, title VI, §613(b), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 370) 34:10281 note
42:3796 note (Pub. L. 107–196, §2(c), June 24, 2002, 116 Stat. 720) 34:10281 note
42:3796a 34:10282
42:3796a–1 34:10283
42:3796b 34:10284
42:3796b note (Pub. L. 106–390, title III, §305(b), Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1574) 34:10284 note
42:3796c 34:10285
42:3796c–1 34:10286
42:3796c–2 34:10287
42:3796c–3 34:10288
42:3796d 34:10301
42:3796d–1 34:10302
42:3796d–2 34:10303
42:3796d–3 34:10304
42:3796d–4 34:10305
42:3796d–5 34:10306
42:3796d–5 note (Pub. L. 106–276, §1(b), Oct. 2, 2000, 114 Stat. 812) 34:10306 note
42:3796d–6 34:10307
42:3796d–7 34:10308
42:3796h 34:10321
42:3796h note (Pub. L. 111–211, title II, §252(b), July 29, 2010, 124 Stat. 2299) 34:10321 note
42:3796aa 34:10331
42:3796aa–1 34:10332
42:3796aa–2 34:10333
42:3796aa–3 34:10334
42:3796aa–5 34:10335
42:3796aa–6 34:10336
42:3796aa–8 34:10337
42:3796bb 34:10351
42:3796bb–1 34:10352
42:3796cc 34:10361
42:3796cc–1 34:10362
42:3796cc–2 34:10363
42:3796cc–3 34:10364
42:3796cc–4 34:10365
42:3796cc–5 34:10366
42:3796cc–6 34:10367
42:3796dd 34:10381
42:3796dd note (Pub. L. 103–322, title I, §10002, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1807) 34:10381 note
42:3796dd note (Pub. L. 111–211, title II, §247(a)–(d), July 29, 2010, 124 Stat. 2296 , 2297) 34:10381 note
42:3796dd–1 34:10382
42:3796dd–2 34:10383
42:3796dd–3 34:10384
42:3796dd–4 34:10385
42:3796dd–5 34:10386
42:3796dd–6 34:10387
42:3796dd–7 34:10388
42:3796dd–8 34:10389
42:3796ee 34:10401
42:3796ee note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, §12102(b), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1869) 34:10401 note
42:3796ee–1 34:10402
42:3796ee–2 34:10403
42:3796ee–2 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1168(b), as added by Pub. L. 109–271, §8(n)(5)(B), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 768) 34:10403 note
42:3796ee–3 34:10404
42:3796ee–4 34:10405
42:3796ee–5 34:10406
42:3796ee–6 34:10407
42:3796ee–7 34:10408
42:3796ee–8 34:10409
42:3796ee–9 34:10410
42:3796ee–10 omitted
42:3796ff 34:10421
42:3796ff–1 34:10422
42:3796ff–1 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1147, as added by Pub. L. 109–271, §8(n)(2)(A), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 767) 34:10422 note
42:3796ff–2 34:10423
42:3796ff–3 34:10424
42:3796ff–4 34:10425
42:3796gg 34:10441
42:3796gg note (Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title IV, §1405, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1515) 34:10441 note
42:3796gg–0 34:10442
42:3796gg–0 note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title IV, §403, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1791) 34:10442 note
42:3796gg–0a 34:10443
42:3796gg–0b 34:10444
42:3796gg–0c 34:10445
42:3796gg–0d omitted
42:3796gg–1 34:10446
42:3796gg–1 note (Pub. L. 108–405, title III, §310(b), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2276) 34:10446 note
42:3796gg–2 34:10447
42:3796gg–2 note (Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, §1002, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1491) 34:10447 note
42:3796gg–3 34:10448
42:3796gg–4 34:10449
42:3796gg–5 34:10450
42:3796gg–6 34:20121
42:3796gg–7 34:20122
42:3796gg–8 34:10451
42:3796gg–10 34:10452
42:3796gg–10 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title IX, §§901, 902, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3077 , 3078) 34:10452 note
42:3796gg–10 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title IX, §904(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3078) 34:10452 note
42:3796gg–11 34:10453
42:3796hh 34:10461
42:3796hh–1 34:10462
42:3796hh–2 34:10463
42:3796hh–3 34:10464
42:3796hh–4 34:10465
42:3796ii 34:10471
42:3796ii note (Pub. L. 106–515, §2, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2399) 34:10471 note
42:3796ii note (Pub. L. 114–255, div. B, title XIV, §14003, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1289) 34:10471 note
42:3796ii note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, §11011, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1823) omitted
42:3796ii–1 34:10472
42:3796ii–2 34:10473
42:3796ii–3 34:10474
42:3796ii–4 34:10475
42:3796ii–5 34:10476
42:3796ii–6 34:10477
42:3796ii–7 34:10478
42:3796ii–8 34:10479
42:3796jj 34:10491
42:3796jj–1 34:10492
42:3796jj–2 34:10493
42:3796jj–3 34:10494
42:3796jj–4 34:10495
42:3796jj–5 34:10496
42:3796jj–6 34:10497
42:3796jj–7 34:10498
42:3796kk 34:10511
42:3796kk note (Pub. L. 103–322, title XXI, §210302(c)(4), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2068) 34:10511 note
42:3796kk–1 34:10512
42:3796kk–2 34:10513
42:3796kk–3 34:10514
42:3796kk–4 34:10515
42:3796kk–5 34:10516
42:3796kk–6 34:10517
42:3796ll 34:10531
42:3796ll note (Pub. L. 105–181, §2, June 16, 1998, 112 Stat. 512) 34:10531 note
42:3796ll note (Pub. L. 106–517, §2, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2407) 34:10531 note
42:3796ll–1 34:10532
42:3796ll–2 34:10533
42:3796ll–2 note (Pub. L. 106–517, §3(e), Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2408) 34:10533 note
42:3796ll–3 34:10534
42:3797 34:10541
42:3797a 34:10551
42:3797b 34:10552
42:3797c 34:10553
42:3797d 34:10554
42:3797e omitted
42:3797j 34:10561
42:3797k 34:10562
42:3797l 34:10563
42:3797m 34:10564
42:3797n 34:10565
42:3797o 34:10566
42:3797q 34:10581
42:3797s 34:10591
42:3797s–1 34:10592
42:3797s–2 34:10593
42:3797s–3 34:10594
42:3797s–4 34:10595
42:3797s–5 omitted
42:3797s–6 34:10596
42:3797u 34:10611
42:3797u note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title II, §2303, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1799) omitted
42:3797u–1 34:10612
42:3797u–1 note (Pub. L. 110–199, title I, §103(c), Apr. 9, 2008, 122 Stat. 668) 34:10612 note
42:3797u–2 34:10613
42:3797u–2 note (Pub. L. 110–199, title I, §103(b), Apr. 9, 2008, 122 Stat. 668) 34:10613 note
42:3797u–3 34:10614
42:3797u–4 34:10615
42:3797u–5 34:10616
42:3797u–6 34:10617
42:3797u–7 34:10618
42:3797u–8 34:10619
42:3797w 34:10631
42:3797w–1 34:10632
42:3797w–2 34:10633
42:3797y 34:10641
42:3797y–1 34:10642
42:3797y–2 34:10643
42:3797y–3 34:10644
42:3797y–4 omitted
42:3797aa 34:10651
42:3797aa note (Pub. L. 108–414, §2, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2327) 34:10651 note
42:3797aa note (Pub. L. 108–414, §3, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2328) 34:10651 note
42:3797aa note (Pub. L. 110–416, §2, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4352) 34:10651 note
42:3797aa–1 34:10652
42:3797aa–1 note (Pub. L. 114–255, div. B, title XIV, §14008, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1296) 34:10652 note
42:3797aa–1 note (Pub. L. 114–255, div. B, title XIV, §14025, Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1310) 34:10652 note
42:3797cc 34:10661
42:3797cc–1 34:10662
42:3797cc–2 34:10663
42:3797cc–3 34:10664
42:3797cc–21 34:10671
42:3797dd 34:10681
42:3797dd–1 omitted
42:3797ee 34:10691
42:3797ee–1 34:16902
42:3797ff 34:10701
42:3797ff–1 34:10702
42:3797ff–2 34:10703
42:3797ff–3 34:10704
42:3797ff–4 34:10705
42:3797ff–5 34:10706
42:3797ff–6 34:10707
42:5101 note (Pub. L. 103–209, §1, Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2490) 34:10101 note
42:5101 note (Pub. L. 105–251, title II, §221, Oct. 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 1885) 34:10101 note
42:5101 note (Pub. L. 110–296, §1, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2974, and Pub. L. 110–408, §1, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4301) 34:10101 note
42:5101 note (Pub. L. 111–143, §1, Mar. 1, 2010, 124 Stat. 41) 34:10101 note
42:5101 note (Pub. L. 111–341, §1, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3606) 34:10101 note
42:5101 note (Pub. L. 99–401, title I, §105, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 906) 34:41302
42:5119 34:40101
42:5119 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, §320928(g), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2132) 34:40101 note
42:5119a 34:40102
42:5119a note (Pub. L. 108–21, title I, §108, Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 655) 34:40102 note
42:5119b 34:40103
42:5119c 34:40104
42:5601 34:11101
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 93–415, §1, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1109) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 93–415, title III, §301, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1129) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 93–415, title IV, §401, as added by Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §660, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2125) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 93–415, title V, §501, as added by Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, §12222(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1894) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 95–115, §1, Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1048) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 96–509, §1, Dec. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 2750) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §610, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2107) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7250(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4434) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 106–71, §1, Oct. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1032) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, §12201, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1869) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 108–96, §1, Oct. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1167) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 110–240, §1, June 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 1560) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 110–378, §1, Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4068) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 113–38, §1, Sept. 30, 2013, 127 Stat. 527) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 114–22, title I, §116(a), May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 244) 34:10101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §670, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2129) 34:11101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7296, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4463) 34:11101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, §12223, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1896) 34:11101 note
42:5601 note (Pub. L. 108–21, title III, §361, Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 665) 40:3101 note
42:5602 34:11102
42:5603 34:11103
42:5611 34:11111
42:5611 note (Pub. L. 109–248, title VI, subtitle A, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 631 , 632) 34:11111 note
42:5611 note (Pub. L. 114–22, title I, §119, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 247) 34:20710
42:5612 34:11112
42:5613 34:11113
42:5614 34:11114
42:5615 34:11115
42:5616 34:11116
42:5617 34:11117
42:5631 34:11131
42:5632 34:11132
42:5632 note (Pub. L. 95–115, §4(b)(2)(D), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1051) 34:11132 note
42:5632 note (Pub. L. 95–115, §4(b)(4)(B), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1051) 34:11132 note
42:5633 34:11133
42:5633 note (Pub. L. 95–115, §4(c)(3)(B), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1052) 34:11133 note
42:5633 note (Pub. L. 95–115, §4(c)(6)(B), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1053) 34:11133 note
42:5633 note (Pub. L. 102–586, §2(f)(3)(B), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 4994) 34:11133 note
42:5651 34:11141
42:5652 34:11142
42:5653 34:11143
42:5654 34:11144
42:5655 34:11145
42:5656 34:11146
42:5661 34:11161
42:5662 34:11162
42:5665 34:11171
42:5666 34:11172
42:5667 34:11173
42:5668 34:11174
42:5671 34:11181
42:5672 34:11182
42:5673 34:11183
42:5674 34:11184
42:5675 34:11185
42:5676 34:11186
42:5677 34:11187
42:5678 34:11188
42:5679 34:11189
42:5680 34:11190
42:5681 34:11191
42:5701 34:11201
42:5701 note (Pub. L. 108–96, title I, §118, Oct. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1170) omitted
42:5702 34:11202
42:5711 34:11211
42:5712 34:11212
42:5713 34:11213
42:5714 34:11214
42:5714–1 34:11221
42:5714–1 note (Pub. L. 108–96, title I, §119, Oct. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1170) omitted
42:5714–2 34:11222
42:5714–11 34:11231
42:5714–21 34:11241
42:5714–22 34:11242
42:5714–23 34:11243
42:5714–24 34:11244
42:5714–25 34:11245
42:5714–41 34:11261
42:5714a 34:11271
42:5714b 34:11272
42:5715 34:11273
42:5716 34:11274
42:5731 34:11275
42:5731a 34:11276
42:5732 34:11277
42:5732–1 34:11278
42:5732a 34:11279
42:5751 34:11280
42:5752 34:11281
42:5771 34:11291
42:5772 34:11292
42:5773 34:11293
42:5775 34:11294
42:5776 34:11295
42:5776a 34:11296
42:5777 34:11297
42:5779 34:41307
42:5780 34:41308
42:5780a 34:11298
42:5781 34:11311
42:5781 note (Pub. L. 102–586, §5(b), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5029) 34:11311 note
42:5781 note (Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, §12222(b), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1896) 34:11311 note
42:5782 34:11312
42:5783 34:11313
42:5784 omitted
42:5791 34:20501
42:5791a 34:20502
42:5791b 34:20503
42:5791c 34:20504
42:5791d 34:20505
42:5792 40:3101 note
42:5792a 40:3101 note
42:10420 34:12464
42:10501 34:50101
42:10502 34:50102
42:10503 34:50103
42:10504 34:50104
42:10505 34:50105
42:10506 34:50106
42:10507 34:50107
42:10508 34:50108
42:10510 34:50109
42:10511 34:50110
42:10512 34:50111
42:10513 34:50112
42:10601 34:20101
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §1401, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2170) 34:10101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 101–647, title V, §501, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4820) 34:10101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 104–132, title II, §231, Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1243) 34:10101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §1409, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2178) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7129, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4423) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7130, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4423) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 105–119, title I, §109(b), Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2457) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(1) [title VI, §620], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-55) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 106–177, title I, §104(b), Mar. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 36) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title VI, §619], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A-107) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 107–56, title VI, §621(e), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 371) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 107–77, title VI, §619, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 802) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 108–7, div. B, title VI, §617, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 102) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 108–199, div. B, title VI, §618, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 95) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title VI, §616, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2915) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 109–108, title VI, §612, Nov. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2336) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 110–161, div. B, title V, §513, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1926) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 111–8, div. B, title V, §512, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 596) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 111–117, div. B, title V, §512, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3151) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 112–55, div. B, title V, §512, Nov. 18, 2011, 125 Stat. 632) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 113–6, div. B, title V, §510, Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 271) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 113–76, div. B, title V, §510, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 79) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 113–235, div. B, title V, §510, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2210) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 114–113, div. B, title V, §510, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2324) 34:20101 note
42:10601 note (Pub. L. 115–31, div. B, title III, §510, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 221) 34:20101 note
42:10602 34:20102
42:10602 note (Pub. L. 104–132, title II, §233(d), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1245) 34:20102 note
42:10602 note (Pub. L. 104–132, title II, §234(a)(2), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1245) 34:20102 note
42:10603 34:20103
42:10603a 34:20104
42:10603b 34:20105
42:10603b note (Pub. L. 106–386, div. C, §2003(a)(2), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1544) 34:20105 note
42:10603b note (Pub. L. 106–386, div. C, §2003(a)(3), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1544) 34:20105 note
42:10603c 34:20106
42:10603d 34:20107
42:10603e 34:20108
42:10603f 34:20109
42:10604 34:20110
42:10604 note (Pub. L. 104–294, title I, §101(c), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3491) omitted
42:10605 34:20111
42:10607 34:20141
42:10608 34:20142
42:10609 34:20144
42:13001 34:20301
42:13001 note (Pub. L. 101–647, title II, §201, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4792) 34:10101 note
42:13001 note (Pub. L. 113–163, §1, Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1864) 34:10101 note
42:13001a 34:20302
42:13001b 34:20303
42:13002 34:20304
42:13003 34:20305
42:13004 34:20306
42:13005 34:20307
42:13011 34:20321
42:13012 34:20322
42:13013 34:20323
42:13013a omitted
42:13014 34:20324
42:13021 34:20331
42:13022 34:20332
42:13023 34:20333
42:13024 34:20334
42:13031 34:20341
42:13041 34:20351
42:13701 34:12101
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 103–322, §1, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1796) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31101, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1882) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31901, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1892) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40001, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1902) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40101, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1903) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40201, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1925) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40301, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1941) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40401, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1942) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200101, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2049) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200201, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2057) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title XXI, §210301, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2065) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 103–322, title XXII, §220001, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2074) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 106–297, §1, Oct. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 1045) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, §1001, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1491) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 106–546, §1, Dec. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 2726) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 106–560, §1, Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2784) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 108–405, §1(a), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2260) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 108–405, title II, §201, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2266) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 108–405, title III, §301, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2272) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 109–162, §1, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2960) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title X, §1001, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3084) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 109–248, title VI, §611, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 632) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 110–360, §1, Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4008) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 112–253, §1, Jan. 10, 2013, 126 Stat. 2407) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 113–4, §1, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 54) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 113–4, title X, §1001, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 127) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 113–182, §1, Sept. 29, 2014, 128 Stat. 1918) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 113–242, §1, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2860) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 114–12, §1, May 19, 2015, 129 Stat. 192) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 114–22, title IV, §401, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 256) 34:10101 note
42:13701 note (Pub. L. 114–324, §1, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1948) 34:10101 note
42:13702 34:12102
42:13703 34:12103
42:13703 note (Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(a) [title I], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009-14) 34:12103 note
42:13704 34:12104
42:13705 34:12105
42:13706 34:12106
42:13707 34:12107
42:13708 34:12108
42:13709 34:12109
42:13710 34:12110
42:13711 34:12111
42:13712 34:12112
42:13713 34:12113
42:13721 34:12121
42:13722 34:12122
42:13723 omitted
42:13724 34:12123
42:13725 34:12124
42:13726 34:60101
42:13726a 34:60102
42:13726b 34:60103
42:13726c 34:60104
42:13727 34:60105
42:13727a 18:4001 note
42:13741 34:12131
42:13742 34:12132
42:13743 34:12133
42:13744 omitted
42:13751 note (Pub. L. 104–294, title IV, §401, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3496) omitted
42:13751 note (Pub. L. 106–313, title I, §112, Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1260) 34:11313 note
42:13751 note (Pub. L. 106–367, Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1412) 34:11313 note
42:13751 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1199, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3132) 34:11313 note
42:13771 34:12141
42:13772 34:12142
42:13773 34:12143
42:13774 34:12144
42:13775 34:12145
42:13776 34:12146
42:13777 omitted
42:13791 34:12161
42:13793 omitted
42:13811 34:12171
42:13812 omitted
42:13821 34:12181
42:13822 34:12182
42:13823 34:12183
42:13824 34:12184
42:13825 34:12185
42:13826 34:12186
42:13841 34:12201
42:13842 34:12202
42:13851 34:12211
42:13852 omitted
42:13853 34:12212
42:13861 34:12221
42:13862 34:12222
42:13863 34:12223
42:13864 34:12224
42:13865 34:12225
42:13866 34:12226
42:13867 omitted
42:13868 34:12227
42:13881 34:12241
42:13882 34:12242
42:13883 omitted
42:13891 34:12251
42:13892 34:12252
42:13893 34:12253
42:13901 34:12261
42:13902 34:12262
42:13911 34:12271
42:13921 34:12281
42:13925 34:12291
42:13925 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title II, §201, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2993) 34:12291 note
42:13925 note (Pub. L. 109–162, title III, §301, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3003) 34:12291 note
42:13931 34:12301
42:13941 34:12311
42:13942 34:12312
42:13943 34:12313
42:13951 34:12321
42:13961 34:12331
42:13961 note (Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title IV, §1404, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1514) omitted
42:13962 34:12332
42:13963 34:12333
42:13971 34:12341
42:13975 34:12351
42:13981 34:12361
42:13991 34:12371
42:13992 34:12372
42:13993 34:12373
42:13994 omitted
42:14001 34:12381
42:14002 omitted
42:14011 34:12391
42:14012 omitted
42:14013 omitted
42:14014 omitted
42:14015 omitted
42:14016 34:12392
42:14031 34:12401
42:14032 34:12402
42:14033 34:12403
42:14034 34:12404
42:14035 34:12405
42:14036 34:12406
42:14037 34:12407
42:14038 34:12408
42:14039 34:12409
42:14039 note (Pub. L. 105–119, title I, §115(b)(2), Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2467) 34:12409 note
42:14040 34:12410
42:14041 34:12421
42:14042 34:12431
42:14043b 34:12441
42:14043b–1 34:12442
42:14043b–2 34:12443
42:14043b–3 34:12444
42:14043b–4 omitted
42:14043c 34:12451
42:14043d 34:12461
42:14043d–1 34:12462
42:14043d–2 34:12463
42:14043e 34:12471
42:14043e–1 34:12472
42:14043e–2 34:12473
42:14043e–3 34:12474
42:14043e–4 34:12475
42:14043e–11 34:12491
42:14043f 34:12501
42:14043g 34:12511
42:14043g–1 34:12512
42:14043h 34:21301
42:14043h–1 34:21302
42:14043h–2 34:21303
42:14043h–3 34:21304
42:14043h–4 34:21305
42:14043h–5 34:21306
42:14043h–6 34:21307
42:14043h–7 34:21308
42:14044 34:20701
42:14044 note (Pub. L. 111–211, title II, §264, July 29, 2010, 124 Stat. 2300) 34:20701 note
42:14044a 34:20702
42:14044a note (Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, §1241(b), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 153) 34:20702 note
42:14044b 34:20703
42:14044b–1 34:20704
42:14044c 34:20705
42:14044d 34:20706
42:14044e 34:20707
42:14044f 34:20708
42:14044g 34:20709
42:14044g note (Pub. L. 114–22, title I, §110, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 239) 34:20709 note
42:14044h 34:20711
42:14045 34:20123
42:14045a 34:20124
42:14045b 34:20125
42:14045d 34:20126
42:14051 34:12521
42:14052 34:12522
42:14053 34:12523
42:14061 34:12531
42:14062 34:12532
42:14081 34:12541
42:14082 34:12542
42:14083 omitted
42:14091 34:12551
42:14092 34:12552
42:14093 34:12553
42:14094 34:12554
42:14095 34:12555
42:14096 34:12556
42:14097 34:12557
42:14098 34:12558
42:14099 34:12559
42:14101 omitted
42:14111 34:12571
42:14112 34:12572
42:14113 34:12573
42:14114 34:12574
42:14115 34:12575
42:14116 34:12576
42:14117 34:12577
42:14118 34:12578
42:14119 omitted
42:14131 note prec (Ex. Ord. No. 13684, Dec. 18, 2014, 79 F.R. 76865) 34:12591 note prec
42:14131 34:12591
42:14132 34:12592
42:14133 34:12593
42:14134 omitted
42:14135 34:40701
42:14135 note (Pub. L. 106–546, §11, Dec. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 2735) 34:40701 note
42:14135 note (Pub. L. 106–561, §4, Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2791) 34:40701 note
42:14135 note (Pub. L. 113–4, title X, §1003, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 131) 34:40701 note
42:14135 note (Pub. L. 113–4, title X, §1005, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 132) 34:40701 note
42:14135 note (Pub. L. 113–4, title X, §1006, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 134) 34:40701 note
42:14135a 34:40702
42:14135b 34:40703
42:14135c 34:40704
42:14135d 34:40705
42:14135e 34:40706
42:14136 34:40722
42:14136 note (Pub. L. 108–405, title IV, §413, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2285) 34:40722 note
42:14136a 34:40723
42:14136b 34:40724
42:14136c 34:40725
42:14136d 34:40726
42:14136e 34:40727
42:13136f 34:40728
42:14137 34:40741
42:14137a 34:40742
42:14137b 34:40743
42:14137c 34:40744
42:14141 34:12601
42:14142 34:12602
42:14163 34:60301
42:14163a 34:60302
42:14163b 34:60303
42:14163c 34:60304
42:14163d 34:60305
42:14163e 34:60306
42:14165 34:50501
42:14165a 34:50502
42:14165b 34:50503
42:14171 34:12611
42:14181 34:12621
42:14191 omitted
42:14192 omitted
42:14193 omitted
42:14194 omitted
42:14195 omitted
42:14196 omitted
42:14197 omitted
42:14198 omitted
42:14199 omitted
42:14211 34:12631
42:14213 34:12632
42:14214 34:12633
42:14221 34:12641
42:14222 34:12642
42:14223 34:12643
42:14601 34:40301
42:14601 note (Pub. L. 105–251, title I, §101, Oct. 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 1871) 34:10101 note
42:14601 note (Pub. L. 105–251, title II, §201, Oct. 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 1874) 34:10101 note
42:14601 note (Pub. L. 105–251, title II, §211, Oct. 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 1874) 34:10101 note
42:14611 34:40311
42:14612 34:40312
42:14613 34:40313
42:14614 34:40314
42:14615 34:40315
42:14616 34:40316
42:14661 34:40501
42:14661 note (Pub. L. 106–177, title II, §201, Mar. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 36) 34:10101 note
42:14661 note (Pub. L. 106–468, §1, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2027) 34:10101 note
42:14662 34:40502
42:14663 34:40503
42:14664 omitted
42:14665 34:40504
42:14665 note (Pub. L. 106–468, §3, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2028) 34:40504 note
42:15231 34:50301
42:15231 note (Pub. L. 110–298, §1, July 31, 2008, 122 Stat. 2985) 34:10101 note
42:15241 34:50311
42:15242 34:50312
42:15243 34:50313
42:15244 34:50314
42:15251 34:50321
42:15252 34:50322
42:15253 34:50323
42:15254 34:50324
42:15261 34:50331
42:15601 34:30301
42:15601 note (Pub. L. 108–79, §1(a), Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 972) 34:10101 note
42:15601 note (Memorandum of President of the United States, May 17, 2012, 77 F.R. 30873) 34:30301 note
42:15602 34:30302
42:15603 34:30303
42:15604 34:30304
42:15605 34:30305
42:15606 34:30306
42:15607 34:30307
42:15608 34:30308
42:15609 34:30309
42:16901 34:20901
42:16901 note (Pub. L. 109–248, §1(a), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 587) 34:10101 note
42:16901 note (Pub. L. 109–248, title I, §101, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 590) 34:10101 note
42:16901 note (Pub. L. 110–400, §1, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4224) 34:10101 note
42:16901 note (Pub. L. 114–22, title V, §501, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 258) 34:10101 note
42:16901 note (Pub. L. 114–119, §1(a), Feb. 8, 2016, 130 Stat. 15) 34:10101 note
42:16902 34:20902
42:16911 34:20911
42:16912 34:20912
42:16913 34:20913
42:16914 34:20914
42:16915 34:20915
42:16915a 34:20916
42:16915b 34:20917
42:16916 34:20918
42:16917 34:20919
42:16918 34:20920
42:16919 34:20921
42:16920 34:20922
42:16921 34:20923
42:16922 34:20924
42:16923 34:20925
42:16924 34:20926
42:16925 34:20927
42:16926 34:20928
42:16927 34:20929
42:16928 34:20930
42:16928a 34:20931
42:16929 34:20932
42:16935 34:21501
42:16935a 34:21502
42:16935b 34:21503
42:16935c 34:21504
42:16935d 34:21505
42:16935e 34:21506
42:16935f 34:21507
42:16935g 34:21508
42:16935h 34:21509
42:16935i 34:21510
42:16941 34:20941
42:16942 34:20942
42:16943 34:20943
42:16944 34:20944
42:16945 34:20945
42:16961 34:20961
42:16962 34:20962
42:16971 34:20971
42:16981 34:20981
42:16981 note (Pub. L. 110–400, §4(b), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4228) 34:20981 note
42:16982 34:20982
42:16983 34:20983
42:16984 34:20984
42:16985 34:20985
42:16986 34:20986
42:16987 34:20987
42:16988 34:20988
42:16989 34:20989
42:16990 34:20990
42:16991 34:20991
42:17501 34:60501
42:17501 note (Pub. L. 110–199, §1, Apr. 9, 2008, 122 Stat. 657) 34:10101 note
42:17501 note (Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 29, 2016, 81 F.R. 26993) 34:60501 note
42:17502 34:60502
42:17503 34:60503
42:17504 34:60504
42:17511 34:60511
42:17521 34:60521
42:17531 34:60531
42:17532 34:60532
42:17533 34:60533
42:17534 34:60534
42:17541 34:60541
42:17551 34:60551
42:17552 34:60552
42:17553 34:60553
42:17554 34:60554
42:17555 omitted
42:17601 34:21101
42:17601 note (Pub. L. 110–401, §1(a), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4229) 34:10101 note
42:17611 34:21111
42:17612 34:21112
42:17613 34:21113
42:17614 34:21114
42:17615 34:21115
42:17616 34:21116
42:17617 34:21117
42:17631 34:21131

Subtitle I—Comprehensive Acts

 

CHAPTER 101—JUSTICE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT

SUBCHAPTER I—OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS

Sec.
10101.
Establishment of Office of Justice Programs.
10102.
Duties and functions of Assistant Attorney General.
10103.
Office of Weed and Seed Strategies.
10104.
Weed and Seed strategies.
10105.
Inclusion of Indian tribes.
10106.
Community Capacity Development Office.
10107.
Division of Applied Law Enforcement Technology.
10108.
Availability of funds.
10109.
Office of Audit, Assessment, and Management.
10110.
Office of Justice Programs grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts.
10111.
Consolidation of financial management systems of Office of Justice Programs.

        

SUBCHAPTER II—NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE

10121.
Statement of purpose.
10122.
National Institute of Justice.
10123.
Authority for 100 per centum grants.

        

SUBCHAPTER III—BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS

10131.
Statement of purpose.
10132.
Bureau of Justice Statistics.
10133.
Authority for 100 per centum grants.
10134.
Use of data.

        

SUBCHAPTER IV—ESTABLISHMENT OF BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE

10141.
Establishment of Bureau of Justice Assistance.
10142.
Duties and functions of Director.

        

SUBCHAPTER V—BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAMS

Part A—Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program

10151.
Name of program.
10152.
Description.
10153.
Applications.
10154.
Review of applications.
10155.
Rules.
10156.
Formula.
10157.
Reserved funds.
10158.
Interest-bearing trust funds.

        

Part B—Discretionary Grants

subpart 1—grants to public agencies

10171.
Correctional options grants.
10172.
Allocation of funds; administrative provisions.

        

subpart 2—general requirements

10181.
Application requirements.
10182.
Period of award.

        

subpart 3—grants to private entities

10191.
Crime prevention campaign grant.

        

Part C—Administrative Provisions

10201.
Evaluation.
10202.
General provisions.
10203.
Reports.

        

SUBCHAPTER VI—FBI TRAINING OF STATE AND LOCAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE PERSONNEL

10211.
Training and manpower development.

        

SUBCHAPTER VII—ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS

10221.
Rules, regulations, and procedures; consultations and establishment.
10222.
Notice and hearing on denial or termination of grant.
10223.
Finality of determinations.
10224.
Delegation of functions.
10225.
Subpoena power; employment of hearing officers; authority to hold hearings.
10226.
Personnel and administrative authority.
10227.
Title to personal property.
10228.
Prohibition of Federal control over State and local criminal justice agencies; prohibition of discrimination.
10229.
Report to President and Congress.
10230.
Other administrative provisions.
10231.
Confidentiality of information.
10232.
Administration of juvenile delinquency programs.
10233.
Prohibition on land acquisition.
10234.
Prohibition on use of Central Intelligence Agency services.
10235.
Indian liability waiver.
10236.
District of Columbia matching fund source.
10237.
Limitation on civil justice matters.
10238.
Accountability and oversight.

        

SUBCHAPTER VIII—DEFINITIONS

10251.
General provisions.

        

SUBCHAPTER IX—FUNDING

10261.
Authorization of appropriations.
10262.
State and local governments to consider courts.
10263.
Oversight and accountability.

        

SUBCHAPTER X—CRIMINAL PENALTIES

10271.
Misuse of Federal assistance.
10272.
Falsification or concealment of facts.
10273.
Conspiracy to commit offense against United States.

        

SUBCHAPTER XI—PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICERS' DEATH BENEFITS

Part A—Death Benefits

10281.
Payment of death benefits.
10282.
Limitations on benefits.
10283.
National programs for families of public safety officers who have sustained fatal or catastrophic injury in the line of duty.
10284.
Definitions.
10285.
Administrative provisions.
10286.
Expedited payment for public safety officers involved in the prevention, investigation, rescue, or recovery efforts related to a terrorist attack.
10287.
Funds available for appeals and expenses of representation of hearing examiners.
10288.
Due diligence in paying benefit claims.

        

Part B—Educational Assistance to Dependents of Civilian Federal Law Enforcement Officers Killed or Disabled in Line of Duty

10301.
Purposes.
10302.
Basic eligibility.
10303.
Applications; approval.
10304.
Regulations.
10305.
Discontinuation for unsatisfactory conduct or progress.
10306.
Special rule.
10307.
Definitions.
10308.
Authorization of appropriations.

        

SUBCHAPTER XII—REGIONAL INFORMATION SHARING SYSTEMS

10321.
Regional information sharing systems grants.

        

SUBCHAPTER XIII—GRANTS FOR CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISING OF TESTIMONY OF CHILDREN WHO ARE VICTIMS OF ABUSE

10331.
Function of Director.
10332.
Description of grant program.
10333.
Applications to receive grants.
10334.
Review of applications.
10335.
Reports.
10336.
Expenditure of grants; records.
10337.
Definitions.

        

SUBCHAPTER XIV—RURAL DRUG ENFORCEMENT

10351.
Rural drug enforcement assistance.
10352.
Other requirements.

        

SUBCHAPTER XV—CRIMINAL CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT

10361.
Grant authorization.
10362.
State applications.
10363.
Review of State applications.
10364.
Local applications.
10365.
Distribution of funds.
10366.
Evaluation.
10367.
"Local entity" defined.

        

SUBCHAPTER XVI—PUBLIC SAFETY AND COMMUNITY POLICING; "COPS ON THE BEAT"

10381.
Authority to make public safety and community policing grants.
10382.
Applications.
10383.
Renewal of grants.
10384.
Limitation on use of funds.
10385.
Performance evaluation.
10386.
Revocation or suspension of funding.
10387.
Access to documents.
10388.
General regulatory authority.
10389.
Definitions.

        

SUBCHAPTER XVII—JUVENILE ACCOUNTABILITY BLOCK GRANTS

10401.
Program authorized.
10402.
Tribal grant program authorized.
10403.
Grant eligibility.
10404.
Allocation and distribution of funds.
10405.
Guidelines.
10406.
Payment requirements.
10407.
Utilization of private sector.
10408.
Administrative provisions.
10409.
Assessment reports.
10410.
Definitions.

        

SUBCHAPTER XVIII—RESIDENTIAL SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT FOR STATE PRISONERS

10421.
Grant authorization.
10422.
State applications.
10423.
Review of State applications.
10424.
Allocation and distribution of funds.
10425.
Evaluation.
10426.
National training center for prison drug rehabilitation program personnel.

        

SUBCHAPTER XIX—GRANTS TO COMBAT VIOLENT CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN

10441.
Purpose of program and grants.
10442.
Establishment of Violence Against Women Office.
10443.
Director of Violence Against Women Office.
10444.
Duties and functions of Director of Violence Against Women Office.
10445.
Staff of Violence Against Women Office.
10446.
State grants.
10447.
Definitions and grant conditions.
10448.
General terms and conditions.
10449.
Rape exam payments.
10450.
Costs for criminal charges and protection orders.
10451.
Polygraph testing prohibition.
10452.
Grants to Indian tribal governments.
10453.
Tribal Deputy.

        

SUBCHAPTER XX—GRANTS TO ENCOURAGE ARREST POLICIES AND ENFORCEMENT OF PROTECTION ORDERS

10461.
Grants.
10462.
Applications.
10463.
Reports.
10464.
Regulations or guidelines.
10465.
Definitions and grant conditions.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXI—MENTAL HEALTH COURTS

10471.
Grant authority.
10472.
Definitions.
10473.
Administration.
10474.
Applications.
10475.
Federal share.
10476.
Geographic distribution.
10477.
Report.
10478.
Technical assistance, training, and evaluation.
10479.
Mental health responses in the judicial system.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXII—FAMILY SUPPORT

10491.
Duties.
10492.
General authorization.
10493.
Uses of funds.
10494.
Applications.
10495.
Award of grants; limitation.
10496.
Discretionary research grants.
10497.
Reports.
10498.
Definitions.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXIII—DNA IDENTIFICATION GRANTS

10511.
Grant authorization.
10512.
Applications.
10513.
Application requirements.
10514.
Administrative provisions.
10515.
Restrictions on use of funds.
10516.
Reports.
10517.
Expenditure records.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXIV—MATCHING GRANT PROGRAM FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT ARMOR VESTS

10530.
Patrick Leahy Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Program.
10531.
Program authorized.
10532.
Applications.
10533.
Definitions.
10534.
James Guelff and Chris McCurley Body Armor Act of 2002.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXV—TRANSITION; EFFECTIVE DATE; REPEALER

10541.
Continuation of rules, authorities, and proceedings.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXVI—MATCHING GRANT PROGRAM FOR SCHOOL SECURITY

10551.
Program authorized.
10552.
Applications.
10553.
Annual report to Congress; grant accountability.
10554.
Definitions.
10555.
Authorization of appropriations.
10556.
Rules of construction.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXVII—PAUL COVERDELL FORENSIC SCIENCES IMPROVEMENT GRANTS

10561.
Grant authorization.
10562.
Applications.
10563.
Allocation.
10564.
Use of grants.
10565.
Administrative provisions.
10566.
Reports.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXVIII—MENTAL HEALTH AND DRUG TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES TO INCARCERATION PROGRAMS

10581.
Repealed.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXIX—GRANTS FOR FAMILY-BASED SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT

10591.
Grants authorized.
10592.
Use of grant funds.
10593.
Program requirements.
10594.
Applications.
10595.
Reports.
10595a.
Authorization of appropriations.
10596.
Definitions.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXX—DRUG COURTS

10611.
Grant authority.
10612.
Prohibition of participation by violent offenders.
10613.
Definition.
10614.
Administration.
10615.
Applications.
10616.
Federal share.
10617.
Distribution and allocation.
10618.
Report.
10619.
Technical assistance, training, and evaluation.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXXI—OFFENDER REENTRY AND COMMUNITY SAFETY

10631.
Adult and juvenile offender State and local reentry demonstration projects.
10632.
State reentry project evaluation.
10633.
Repealed.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXXII—CRIME FREE RURAL STATE GRANTS

10641.
Grant authority.
10642.
Use of funds.
10643.
Statewide strategic prevention plan.
10644.
Requirements.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXXIII—ADULT AND JUVENILE COLLABORATION PROGRAM GRANTS

10651.
Adult and juvenile collaboration programs.
10651a.
Veteran Treatment Court Program.
10652.
National criminal justice and mental health training and technical assistance.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXXIV—CONFRONTING USE OF METHAMPHETAMINE

10661.
Authority to make grants to address public safety and methamphetamine manufacturing, sale, and use in hot spots.
10662.
Funding.
10663.
Grants for programs for drug-endangered children.
10664.
Authority to award competitive grants to address methamphetamine use by pregnant and parenting women offenders.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXXV—LOAN REPAYMENT FOR PROSECUTORS AND PUBLIC DEFENDERS

10671.
Grant authorization.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXXVI—GRANT PROGRAM TO EVALUATE AND IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL METHODS AT PRISONS, JAILS, AND JUVENILE FACILITIES

10681.
Repealed.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXXVII—SEX OFFENDER APPREHENSION GRANTS; JUVENILE SEX OFFENDER TREATMENT GRANTS

10691.
Sex offender apprehension grants.
10692.
Juvenile sex offender treatment grants.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXXVIII—COMPREHENSIVE OPIOID ABUSE GRANT PROGRAM

10701.
Description.
10702.
Applications.
10703.
Review of applications.
10704.
Equitable distribution of funds.
10705.
Definitions.
10706.
Grant accountability.
10707.
Evaluation of performance of Department of Justice programs.

        

SUBCHAPTER XXXIX—PREVENTION, INVESTIGATION, AND PROSECUTION OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME

10721.
Establishment of grant program.
10722.
Purposes.
10723.
Authorized programs.
10724.
Application.
10725.
Eligibility.
10726.
Rules and regulations.

        

SUBCHAPTER XL—GRANT PROGRAM TO EVALUATE AND IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL METHODS AT PRISONS, JAILS, AND JUVENILE FACILITIES

10741.
Grant program to evaluate and improve educational methods at prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities.

        

SUBCHAPTER XLI—CRISIS STABILIZATION AND COMMUNITY REENTRY PROGRAM

10751.
Grant authorization.
10752.
Applications.
10753.
Review of applications.
10754.
Evaluation.
10755.
Authorization of funding.

        

Editorial Notes

Codification

Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, comprising this chapter, was originally enacted by Pub. L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197, and amended by Pub. L. 91–644, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1880; Pub. L. 93–83, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 93–415, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1109; Pub. L. 94–237, Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 241; Pub. L. 94–273, Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 375; Pub. L. 94–430, Sept. 29, 1976, 90 Stat. 1346; Pub. L. 94–503, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2407; Pub. L. 95–115, Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1048. Such title is shown herein, however, as having been added by Pub. L. 96–157, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1167, without reference to such intervening amendments because of the extensive revision of the title's provisions by Pub. L. 96–157.

Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 was formerly classified to chapter 46 (§3701 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this chapter.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Law Enforcement Assistance Act of 1965

Pub. L. 89–197, §§1–11, Sept. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 828, as amended by Pub. L. 89–798, Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1506, was repealed by Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §405, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 204, subject to the provisions of former section 3745 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See section 10101 et seq. (chapter 101) of this title. Such Act had provided for grants and contracts for improvement of quality of state and local personnel through professional training; grants and contracts to improve state and local law enforcement techniques; delegation and redelegation of powers; contributions to program by recipients, rules and regulations, necessary stipends, and allowances; studies by Attorney General and technical assistance to states; prohibition against control over local agencies; advisory committees, compensation, and expenses; term of program; appropriations; and reports to President and Congress.


Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 11396. Coordination By Attorney General of Federal Law Enforcement and Crime Prevention Programs

Ex. Ord. No. 11396, Feb. 7, 1968, 33 F.R. 2689, provided:

WHEREAS the problem of crime in America today presents the Nation with a major challenge calling for maximum law enforcement efforts at every level of Government;

WHEREAS coordination of all Federal Criminal law enforcement activities and crime prevention programs is desirable in order to achieve more effective results;

WHEREAS the Federal Government has acknowledged the need to provide assistance to State and local law enforcement agencies in the development and administration of programs directed to the prevention and control of crime:

WHEREAS to provide such assistance the Congress has authorized various departments and agencies of the Federal Government to develop programs which may benefit State and local efforts directed at the prevention and control of crime, and the coordination of such programs is desirable to develop and administer them most effectively; and

WHEREAS the Attorney General, as the chief law officer of the Federal Government, is charged with the responsibility for all prosecutions for violations of the Federal criminal statutes and is authorized under the Law Enforcement Assistance Act of 1965 (79 Stat. 828) [Pub. L. 89–197; see note above] to cooperate with and assist State, local, or other public or private agencies in matters relating to law enforcement organization, techniques and practices, and the prevention and control of crime.

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in the President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, it is ordered as follows:

Section 1. The Attorney General is hereby designated to facilitate and coordinate (1) the criminal law enforcement activities and crime prevention programs of all Federal departments and agencies, and (2) the activities of such departments, and agencies relating to the development and implementation of Federal programs which are designed, in whole or in substantial part, to assist State and local law enforcement agencies and crime prevention activities. The Attorney General may promulgate such rules and regulations and take such actions as he shall deem necessary or appropriate to carry out his functions under this Order.

Sec. 2. Each Federal department and agency is directed to cooperate with the Attorney General in the performance of his functions under this Order and shall, to the extent permitted by law and within the limits of available funds, furnish him such reports, information, and assistance as he may request.

Lyndon B. Johnson.      

SUBCHAPTER I—OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS

§10101. Establishment of Office of Justice Programs

There is hereby established an Office of Justice Programs within the Department of Justice under the general authority of the Attorney General. The Office of Justice Programs (hereinafter referred to in this chapter as the "Office") shall be headed by an Assistant Attorney General (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the "Assistant Attorney General") appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §101, as added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §603(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2077.)


Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title I of Pub. L. 90–351, as added by Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1167, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3711 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 101 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1170, established Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, prior to the general amendment of part A of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 98–473.

Another prior section 101 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §2, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1881; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §§102, 103, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2407, established Law Enforcement Assistance Administration and Office of Community Anti-Crime Programs, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–157.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §609AA, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2107, provided that:

"(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), this division and the amendments made by this title [probably means division, see Short Title of 1984 Act note below] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this joint resolution [Oct. 12, 1984] or October 1, 1984, whichever is later.

"(b)(1) The amendment made by section 609F [amending sections 10281, 10282, 10284, and 10285 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 1984, and shall not apply with respect to injuries sustained before October 1, 1984.

"(2) Section 609Z [repealing section 204 of Pub. L. 98–411, which had amended sections 10281, 10282, and 10284 of this title and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 10281 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 1984."

Short Title of 2020 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–281, §1, Dec. 31, 2020, 134 Stat. 3381, provided that: "This Act [enacting subchapter XLI of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Crisis Stabilization and Community Reentry Act of 2020'."

Pub. L. 116–277, §1, Dec. 31, 2020, 134 Stat. 3368, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 40501, 40503, and 40505 of this title and section 224 of Title 6, Domestic Security, amending section 40502 of this title and section 211 of Title 6, repealing sections 40501 and 40503 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 40504 of this title] may be cited as the 'Missing Persons and Unidentified Remains Act of 2019'."

Pub. L. 116–252, §1, Dec. 22, 2020, 134 Stat. 1133, provided that: "This Act [amending section 21711 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 21711 of this title] may be cited as the 'Promoting Alzheimer's Awareness to Prevent Elder Abuse Act'."

Pub. L. 116–153, §1, Aug. 8, 2020, 134 Stat. 688, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 10651a of this title] may be cited as the 'Veteran Treatment Court Coordination Act of 2019'."

Pub. L. 116–143, §1, June 16, 2020, 134 Stat. 644, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 507 of this title] may be cited as the 'Law Enforcement Suicide Data Collection Act'."

Short Title of 2019 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–104, §1, Dec. 30, 2019, 133 Stat. 3272, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 40701, 40722, and 40723 of this title] may be cited as the 'Debbie Smith Reauthorization Act of 2019'."

Pub. L. 116–69, div. B, title VII, §1701(a), Nov. 21, 2019, 133 Stat. 1140, provided that: "This section [amending section 20144 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 20144 of this title] may be cited as the 'United States Victims of State Sponsored Terrorism Fund Clarification Act'."

Pub. L. 116–32, §1, July 25, 2019, 133 Stat. 1036, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 10261 and 10491 to 10493 of this title] may be cited as the 'Supporting and Treating Officers In Crisis Act of 2019'."

Pub. L. 115–424, §1, Jan. 7, 2019, 132 Stat. 5465, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 20342 of this title and amending sections 20301 to 20307, 20323, and 20333 of this title and section 5106a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the 'Victims of Child Abuse Act Reauthorization Act of 2018'."

Short Title of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–401, §1, Dec. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 5336, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 219 of this title, amending sections 40504 and 50112 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 40504 of this title] may be cited as the 'Ashanti Alert Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–393, §1(a), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5265, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 11295a, 20709b, and 20709c of this title, section 645a of Title 6, Domestic Security, section 1595A of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and section 7105b of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, amending sections 10381, 11291 to 11294, 11296, 11297, 12451, 20333, 20701, 20702, 20705, 20709, and 41303 of this title, section 1232 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, sections 1593A and 3056 of Title 18, and sections 7105, 7109a, 7110, and 7113 of Title 22, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 20702 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 20702 of this title] may be cited as the 'Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2017'."

Pub. L. 115–391, title V, §501, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5222, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 10741, 60505, and 60506 of this title, amending sections 10261, 10591, 10593, 10631, 60502, 60504, 60511, 60521, 60531, and 60541 of this title, section 3624 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and sections 3797s—5 and 17555 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sections 10581, 10633, 10681, 60532, and 60544 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 60501 of this title and section 3621 of Title 18] may be cited as the 'Second Chance Reauthorization Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–385, §1, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5123, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 11314, 11321, and 11322 of this title, amending sections 11102, 11103, 11114, 11116, 11117, 11131 to 11133, 11161, 11162, 11182, 11280, and 11311 to 11313 of this title and section 5784 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sections 11141 to 11146 and 11181 of this title and section 5784 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 11102 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–274, §1, Oct. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 4160, provided that: "This Act [amending section 30307 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] may be cited as the 'United States Parole Commission Extension Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–271, title VIII, §8091, Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4103, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle H (§§8091, 8092) of title VIII of Pub. L. 115–271, amending section 10261 of this title] may be cited as the 'Reauthorizing and Extending Grants for Recovery from Opioid Use Programs Act of 2018' or the 'REGROUP Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–267, §1, Oct. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 3756, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 11295a of this title, amending sections 11291 to 11294, 11296, and 11297 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 11291 of this title] may be cited as the 'Missing Children's Assistance Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–257, §1, Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3660, provided that: "This Act [amending section 40701 of this title] may be cited as the 'Justice Served Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–185, §1, June 18, 2018, 132 Stat. 1485, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 607 of this title] may be cited as the 'Project Safe Neighborhoods Grant Program Authorization Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–166, §1, Apr. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1274, provided that: "This Act [amending section 20504 of this title] may be cited as the 'Ashlynne Mike AMBER Alert in Indian Country Act'."

Pub. L. 115–141, div. Q, §1, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1115, provided that: "This division [enacting sections 12622 and 12623 of this title, amending sections 11293 and 12621 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 12623 of this title] may be cited as the 'Kevin and Avonte's Law of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–141, div. Q, title I, §101, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1116, provided that: "This title [enacting section 12622 of this title and amending section 12621 of this title] may be cited as the 'Missing Americans Alert Program Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–141, div. S, title V, §501, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1128, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 10555 and 10556 of this title, amending sections 10551 to 10554 of this title, and repealing section 3797e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the 'Student, Teachers, and Officers Preventing School Violence Act of 2018' or the 'STOP School Violence Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–141, div. S, title VI, §601, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1132, provided that: "This title [enacting section 40917 of this title and amending sections 40301, 40302, 40901, 40912, and 40913 of this title] may be cited as the 'Fix NICS Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–113, §1, Jan. 10, 2018, 131 Stat. 2276, provided that: "This Act [amending section 10381 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes preceding section 50101 of this title] may be cited as the 'Law Enforcement Mental Health and Wellness Act of 2017'."

Pub. L. 115–107, §1, Jan. 8, 2018, 131 Stat. 2266, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 40701 and 40723 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 40701 of this title] may be cited as the 'Sexual Assault Forensic Evidence Reporting Act of 2017' or the 'SAFER Act of 2017'."

Short Title of 2017 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–82, §1, Nov. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 1266, provided that: "This Act [amending section 21117 of this title] may be cited as the 'Providing Resources, Officers, and Technology To Eradicate Cyber Threats to Our Children Act of 2017' or the 'PROTECT Our Children Act of 2017'."

Pub. L. 115–76, §1, Nov. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 1246, provided that: "This Act [enacting subchapter XXXIX of chapter 101 of this title, section 383 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Strengthening State and Local Cyber Crime Fighting Act of 2017'."

Pub. L. 115–70, §1(a), Oct. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 1208, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 217 of this title and sections 2325 and 2328 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending section 2326 of Title 18 and section 1397m–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing section 2325 of Title 18, and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Elder Abuse Prevention and Prosecution Act'."

Pub. L. 115–70, title IV, §401, Oct. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 1213, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 2325 and 2328 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending section 2326 of Title 18, and repealing section 2325 of Title 18] may be cited as the 'Robert Matava Elder Abuse Prosecution Act of 2017'."

Pub. L. 115–50, §1, Aug. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 1001, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 12591, 12592, 40702, and 40703 of this title] may be cited as the 'Rapid DNA Act of 2017'."

Pub. L. 115–37, §1, June 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 854, provided that: "This Act [amending section 10381 of this title] may be cited as the 'American Law Enforcement Heroes Act of 2017'."

Pub. L. 115–36, §1, June 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 849, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 10288 of this title, amending sections 10282, 10285, and 10302 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 10282 of this title] may be cited as the 'Public Safety Officers' Benefits Improvement Act of 2017'."

Short Title of 2016 Act

Pub. L. 114–324, §1, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1948, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Justice for All Reauthorization Act of 2016'."

Pub. L. 114–324, §14(a), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1958, provided that: "This section [amending section 10153 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 10153 of this title] may be cited as the 'Effective Administration of Criminal Justice Act of 2016'."

Pub. L. 114–199, §1, July 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 780, provided that: "This Act [amending section 10381 of this title] may be cited as the 'Protecting Our Lives by Initiating COPS Expansion Act of 2016' or the 'POLICE Act of 2016'."

Pub. L. 114–155, §1, May 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 389, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 10202, 10261, and 10531 of this title] may be cited as the 'Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Program Reauthorization Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–119, §1(a), Feb. 8, 2016, 130 Stat. 15, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 215 of this title and section 212b of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and amending section 20914 of this title and section 2250 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] may be cited as the 'International Megan's Law to Prevent Child Exploitation and Other Sexual Crimes Through Advanced Notification of Traveling Sex Offenders'."

Short Title of 2015 Act

Pub. L. 114–22, title I, §116(a), May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 244, provided that: "This section [amending section 41308 of this title] may be cited as the 'Bringing Missing Children Home Act'."

Pub. L. 114–22, title IV, §401, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 256, provided that: "This title [enacting chapter 213 of this title] may be cited as the 'Rape Survivor Child Custody Act'."

Pub. L. 114–22, title V, §501, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 258, provided that: "This title [enacting section 20931 of this title] may be cited as the 'Military Sex Offender Reporting Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–22, title X, §1001, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 266, provided that: "This title [amending section 10381 of this title] may be cited as the 'Human Trafficking Survivors Relief and Empowerment Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–12, §1, May 19, 2015, 129 Stat. 192, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 505 of this title] may be cited as the 'Rafael Ramos and Wenjian Liu National Blue Alert Act of 2015'."

Short Title of 2014 Act

Pub. L. 113–242, §1, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2860, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 60105 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 4001 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] may be cited as the 'Death in Custody Reporting Act of 2013'."

Pub. L. 113–182, §1, Sept. 29, 2014, 128 Stat. 1918, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 40701, 40722, and 40723 of this title] may be cited as the 'Debbie Smith Reauthorization Act of 2014'."

Pub. L. 113–163, §1, Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1864, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 20307 of this title and amending sections 20101 and 20306 of this title] may be cited as the 'Victims of Child Abuse Act Reauthorization Act of 2013'."

Short Title of 2013 Act

Pub. L. 113–38, §1, Sept. 30, 2013, 127 Stat. 527, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 11296 of this title and amending sections 11291, 11293, 11294, and 11297 of this title] may be cited as the 'E. Clay Shaw, Jr. Missing Children's Assistance Reauthorization Act of 2013'."

Pub. L. 113–4, §1, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 54, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013'."

Pub. L. 113–4, title X, §1001, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 127, provided that: "This title [amending section 40701 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 40701 of this title] may be cited as the 'Sexual Assault Forensic Evidence Reporting Act of 2013' or the 'SAFER Act of 2013'."

Pub. L. 112–253, §1, Jan. 10, 2013, 126 Stat. 2407, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 40741 to 40744 of this title and amending section 40701 of this title] may be cited as the 'Katie Sepich Enhanced DNA Collection Act of 2012'."

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1086(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1964, provided that: "This section [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Dale Long Public Safety Officers' Benefits Improvements Act of 2012'."

Short Title of 2012 Act

Pub. L. 112–189, §1, Oct. 5, 2012, 126 Stat. 1435, provided that: "This Act [amending section 10516 of this title and repealing section 14102 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the 'Reporting Efficiency Improvement Act'."

Short Title of 2010 Act

Pub. L. 111–341, §1, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3606, provided that: "This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under section 40102 of this title] may be cited as the 'Criminal History Background Checks Pilot Extension Act of 2010'."

Pub. L. 111–143, §1, Mar. 1, 2010, 124 Stat. 41, provided that: "This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under section 40102 of this title] may be cited as the 'Criminal History Background Checks Pilot Extension Act of 2009'."

Short Title of 2009 Act

Pub. L. 111–84, div. E, §4701, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2835, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act'."

Short Title of 2008 Act

Pub. L. 110–421, §1, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4778, provided that: "This Act [amending section 10261 of this title] may be cited as the 'Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–416, §1(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4352, provided that: "This Act [amending section 10651 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 10651 of this title] may be cited as the 'Mentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Reauthorization and Improvement Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–401, §1(a), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4229, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 211 of this title and sections 2258A to 2258E of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending sections 2251, 2252A, 2256, 2260, and 2702 of Title 18, repealing section 13032 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2251 of Title 18] may be cited as the 'Providing Resources, Officers, and Technology To Eradicate Cyber Threats to Our Children Act of 2008' or the 'PROTECT Our Children Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–400, §1, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4224, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 20916 and 20917 of this title, amending section 20981 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 20981 of this title] may be cited as the 'Keeping the Internet Devoid of Sexual Predators Act of 2008' or the 'KIDS Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–378, §1, Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4068, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 11245 and 11278 of this title and amending sections 11201, 11211, 11212, 11222, 11243, 11261, 11279, and 11280 of this title] may be cited as the 'Reconnecting Homeless Youth Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–360, §1, Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4008, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 40701, 40722, and 40723 of this title] may be cited as the 'Debbie Smith Reauthorization Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–345, §1, Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3938, provided that: "This Act [amending section 10663 of this title] may be cited as the 'Drug Endangered Children Act of 2007'."

Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, §951, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3470, provided that: "This part [part E (§§951, 952) of title IX of Pub. L. 110–315, enacting subchapter XXXV of this chapter] may be cited as the 'John R. Justice Prosecutors and Defenders Incentive Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–298, §1, July 31, 2008, 122 Stat. 2985, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 503 of this title] may be cited as the 'Law Enforcement Congressional Badge of Bravery Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–296, §1, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2974, and Pub. L. 110–408, §1, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4301, provided that: "This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under section 40102 of this title] may be cited as the 'Criminal History Background Checks Pilot Extension Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–240, §1, June 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 1560, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 11291, 11293, and 11297 of this title and repealing section 5776a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the 'Protecting Our Children Comes First Act of 2007'."

Pub. L. 110–199, §1, Apr. 9, 2008, 122 Stat. 657, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Second Chance Act of 2007: Community Safety Through Recidivism Prevention' or the 'Second Chance Act of 2007'."

Pub. L. 110–180, §1(a), Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2559, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 409 of this title] may be cited as the 'NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007'."

Short Title of 2006 Act

Pub. L. 109–248, §1(a), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 587, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006'."

Pub. L. 109–248, title I, §101, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 590, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act'."

Pub. L. 109–248, title VI, §611, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 632, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§611–617) of title VI of Pub. L. 109–248, amending provisions set out as a note under section 11313 of this title] may be cited as the 'National Police Athletic League Youth Enrichment Reauthorization Act of 2006'."

Pub. L. 109–162, §1, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2960, as amended by Pub. L. 109–271, §1(a), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 750, provided that:

"(a) In General.—This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005'.

"(b) Separate Short Titles.—Section 3 and titles I through IX of this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2005'. Title XI of this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act of 2005'."

Pub. L. 109–162, title X, §1001, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3084, provided that: "This title [amending sections 12592, 40701, and 40702 of this title and sections 3142 and 3297 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] may be cited as the 'DNA Fingerprint Act of 2005'."

Short Title of 2004 Act

Pub. L. 108–414, §1, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2327, provided that: "This Act [enacting subchapter XXXIII of this chapter and provisions set out as notes under section 10651 of this title] may be cited as the 'Mentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2004'."

Pub. L. 108–405, §1(a), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2260, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Justice for All Act of 2004'."

Pub. L. 108–405, title II, §201, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2266, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Debbie Smith Act of 2004'."

Pub. L. 108–405, title III, §301, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2272, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 40722 to 40726 of this title, amending sections 10261, 10441 to 10450, 10562, 10564, 12592, and 40706 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 10446 of this title] may be cited as the 'DNA Sexual Assault Justice Act of 2004'."

Short Title of 2003 Act

Pub. L. 108–182, §1, Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2649, provided that: "This Act [amending section 10281 of this title] may be cited as the 'Hometown Heroes Survivors Benefits Act of 2003'."

Pub. L. 108–96, §1, Oct. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1167, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 11281 of this title, amending sections 11201, 11211, 11212, 11222, 11241, 11243, 11244, 11279, 11280, 11291, 11293, and 11297 of this title, repealing section 5714–25 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 11201 of this title and provisions formerly set out as a note under section 5714–1 of Title 42] may be cited as the 'Runaway, Homeless, and Missing Children Protection Act'."

Pub. L. 108–79, §1(a), Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 972, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 303 of this title] may be cited as the 'Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003'."

Short Title of 2002 Act

Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title IV, §401, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1789, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Violence Against Women Office Act'."

Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title II, §2001, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1792, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Drug Abuse Education, Prevention, and Treatment Act of 2002'."

Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, §11027(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1834, provided that: "This section [enacting subchapter XXXII of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Crime-Free Rural States Act of 2002'."

Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, §12101, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1859, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§12101, 12102) of title II of div. C of Pub. L. 107–273, enacting subchapter XVII of this chapter and provisions set out as a note under section 10401 of this title] may be cited as the 'Consequences for Juvenile Offenders Act of 2002'."

Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, §12201, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1869, provided that: "This subtitle [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 2002'."

Pub. L. 107–196, §1, June 24, 2002, 116 Stat. 719, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 10281 and 10284 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 10281 of this title] may be cited as the 'Mychal Judge Police and Fire Chaplains Public Safety Officers' Benefit Act of 2002'."

Short Title of 2000 Act

Pub. L. 106–572, §1, Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3058, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 30101 of this title] may be cited as the 'Computer Crime Enforcement Act'."

Pub. L. 106–561, §1, Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2787, provided that: "This Act [enacting subchapter XXVII of this chapter, amending sections 10152, 10154, 10261, and 40301 of this title and section 983 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 40701 of this title and section 983 of Title 18] may be cited as the 'Paul Coverdell National Forensic Sciences Improvement Act of 2000'."

Pub. L. 106–560, §1, Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2784, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 60101 to 60104 of this title] may be cited as the 'Interstate Transportation of Dangerous Criminals Act of 2000' or 'Jeanna's Act'."

Pub. L. 106–546, §1, Dec. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 2726, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000'."

Pub. L. 106–517, §1, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2407, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 10261 and 10531 to 10533 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 10531 and 10533 of this title] may be cited as the 'Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 2000'."

Pub. L. 106–515, §1, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2399, provided that: "This Act [enacting subchapter XXI of this chapter, amending section 10261 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 10471 of this title] may be cited as the 'America's Law Enforcement and Mental Health Project'."

Pub. L. 106–468, §1, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2027, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 40504 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 40504 of this title] may be cited as 'Kristen's Act'."

Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, §1001, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1491, provided that: "This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Violence Against Women Act of 2000'."

Pub. L. 106–297, §1, Oct. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 1045, provided that: "This Act [amending section 12104 of this title] may be cited as the 'Death in Custody Reporting Act of 2000'."

Pub. L. 106–177, title I, §101, Mar. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 35, provided that: "This title [amending sections 10152, 20101, and 40301 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 20101 of this title] may be cited as the 'Child Abuse Prevention and Enforcement Act'."

Pub. L. 106–177, title II, §201, Mar. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 36, provided that: "This title [enacting chapter 405 of this title] may be cited as 'Jennifer's Law'."

Short Title of 1999 Act

Pub. L. 106–71, §1, Oct. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1032, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 11245, 11261, 11276, and 11279 of this title, amending sections 11201, 11211, 11212, 11213, 11221 to 11241, 11243, 11244, 11271 to 11275, 11277, 11280 to 11293, 11294, and 11297 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 7101 of Title 20, Education] may be cited as the 'Missing, Exploited, and Runaway Children Protection Act'."

Short Title of 1998 Act

Pub. L. 105–390, §1, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3495, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 10301, 10302, 10304, 10306, and 10307 of this title] may be cited as the 'Police, Fire, and Emergency Officers Educational Assistance Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 105–251, title I, §101, Oct. 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 1871, provided that: "This title [enacting section 40301 of this title] may be cited as the 'Crime Identification Technology Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 105–251, title II, §201, Oct. 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 1874, provided that: "This title [enacting subchapter II of chapter 403 of this title, amending sections 40102 and 40103 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'National Criminal History Access and Child Protection Act'."

Pub. L. 105–251, title II, §211, Oct. 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 1874, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§211–217) of title II of Pub. L. 105–251, enacting subchapter II of chapter 403 of this title] may be cited as the 'National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 105–251, title II, §221, Oct. 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 1885, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§221, 222) of title II of Pub. L. 105–251, amending sections 40102 and 40103 of this title] may be cited as the 'Volunteers for Children Act'."

Pub. L. 105–181, §1, June 16, 1998, 112 Stat. 512, provided that: "This Act [enacting subchapter XXIV of this chapter, amending sections 10261 and 10541 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 10531 of this title] may be cited as the 'Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 105–180, §1, June 16, 1998, 112 Stat. 511, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 10283 and 10285 of this title] may be cited as the 'Care for Police Survivors Act of 1998'."

Short Title of 1996 Act

Pub. L. 104–238, §1, Oct. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 3114, provided that: "This Act [enacting part B of subchapter XI of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Federal Law Enforcement Dependents Assistance Act of 1996'."

Pub. L. 104–132, title II, §231, Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1243, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle C (§§231–236) of title II of Pub. L. 104–132, enacting sections 20105 and 20142 of this title, amending this section and sections 20102 and 20103 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 20102 of this title] may be cited as the 'Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act of 1996'."

Short Title of 1994 Act

Pub. L. 103–322, §1, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1796, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 103–322, title I, §10001, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1807, provided that: "This title [enacting subchapter XVI of this chapter, amending sections 10261 and 10541 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 10381 of this title] may be cited as the 'Public Safety Partnership and Community Policing Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31101, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1882, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle K (§§31101–31133) of title III of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part E (§12181 et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 121 of this title] may be cited as the 'National Community Economic Partnership Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31901, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1892, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle S (§§31901–31922) of title III of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part G (§12241 et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 121 of this title] may be cited as the 'Family Unity Demonstration Project Act'."

Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40001, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1902, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Violence Against Women Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40101, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1903, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§40101–40156) of title IV of Pub. L. 103–322, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Safe Streets for Women Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40201, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1925, provided that: "This title [probably should be "subtitle", meaning subtitle B (§§40201–40295) of title IV of Pub. L. 103–322, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Safe Homes for Women Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40301, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1941, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle C (§§40301–40304) of title IV of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part C (§12361) of subchapter III of chapter 121 of this title and amending section 1988 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and section 1445 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the 'Civil Rights Remedies for Gender-Motivated Violence Act'."

Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40401, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1942, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle D (§§40401–40422) of title IV of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part D (§12371 et seq.) of subchapter III of chapter 121 of this title] may be cited as the 'Equal Justice for Women in the Courts Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200101, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2049, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§200101–200113) of title XX of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part A (§12551 et seq.) of subchapter VII of chapter 121 of this title] may be cited as the 'Police Corps Act'."

Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200201, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2057, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§200201–200210) of title XX of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part B (§12571 et seq.) of subchapter VII of chapter 121 of this title] may be cited as the 'Law Enforcement Scholarships and Recruitment Act'."

Pub. L. 103–322, title XXI, §210301, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2065, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle C (§§210301–210306) of title XXI of Pub. L. 103–322, enacting part A (§12591 et seq.) of subchapter VIII of chapter 121 of this title and sections 10511 to 10517 of this title, amending sections 10152, 10154, 10261, and 10541 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 10152 of this title] may be cited as the 'DNA Identification Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 103–322, title XXII, §220001, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2074, provided that: "This title [enacting subchapter IX (§12611) of chapter 121 of this title and section 511A of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and amending section 511 of Title 18] may be cited as the 'Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act'."

Short Title of 1993 Act

Pub. L. 103–209, §1, Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2490, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 401 of this title and amending section 3759 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the 'National Child Protection Act of 1993'."

Short Title of 1990 Act

Pub. L. 101–647, title II, §201, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4792, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990'."

Pub. L. 101–647, title V, §501, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4820, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Victims' Rights and Restitution Act of 1990'."

Short Title of 1988 Act

Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7250(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4434, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle F (§§7250–7296) of title VII of Pub. L. 100–690, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Amendments of 1988'."

Pub. L. 100–413, §1, Aug. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1101, provided that "This Act [enacting section 41102 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 41102 of this title] may be cited as the 'Parimutuel Licensing Simplification Act of 1988'."

Short Title of 1986 Act

Pub. L. 99–570, title I, §1551, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–41, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle K (§§1551, 1552) of title I of Pub. L. 99–570, enacting subchapter XII of this chapter and amending sections 10141, 10221, 10222, 10227, 10261, and 10541 of this title] may be cited as the 'State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Act of 1986'."

Short Title of 1984 Act

Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §601, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2077, provided that: "This division [division I (§§601–609AA) of chapter VI of title II of Pub. L. 98–473, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Justice Assistance Act of 1984'."

Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §610, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2107, provided that: "This Division [division II (§§610–670) of chapter VI of title II of Pub. L. 98–473, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Juvenile Justice, Runaway Youth, and Missing Children's Act Amendments of 1984'."

Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §1401, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2170, provided that: "This chapter [chapter XIV (§§1401–1411) of title II of Pub. L. 98–473, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Victims of Crime Act of 1984'."

Short Title of 1980 Act

Pub. L. 96–509, §1, Dec. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 2750, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Juvenile Justice Amendments of 1980'."

Short Title of 1979 Act

Pub. L. 96–157, §1, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1167, provided: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Justice System Improvement Act of 1979'."

Short Title of 1977 Act

Pub. L. 95–115, §1, Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1048, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Juvenile Justice Amendments of 1977'."

Short Title of 1976 Act

Pub. L. 94–503, §1, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2407, provided: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Crime Control Act of 1976'."

Pub. L. 94–430, §1, Sept. 29, 1976, 90 Stat. 1346, provided: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Public Safety Officers' Benefits Act of 1976'."

Short Title of 1974 Act

Pub. L. 93–415, §1, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1109, provided: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974'."

Pub. L. 93–415, title II, §220, as added by Pub. L. 115–385, title II, §204(c)(2), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5131, provided that: "This part [part B (§§220–223) of title II of Pub. L. 93–415, enacting part B of subchapter II of chapter 111 of this title] may be cited as the 'Charles Grassley Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Program'."

Pub. L. 93–415, title III, §301, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1129, as amended by Pub. L. 96–509, §18(b), Dec. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 2762, provided that: "This title [enacting subchapter III of chapter 111 of this title] may be cited as the 'Runaway and Homeless Youth Act'."

Pub. L. 93–415, title IV, §401, as added by Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §660, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2125, as amended by Pub. L. 101–204, title X, §1004(1), Dec. 7, 1990, 103 Stat. 1828, provided that: "This title [enacting subchapter IV of chapter 111 of this title] may be cited as the 'Missing Children's Assistance Act'."

Pub. L. 93–415, title V, §501, as added by Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, §12222(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1894; amended by Pub. L. 115–385, title III, §301, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5145, provided that: "This title [enacting subchapter V of chapter 111 of this title] may be cited as the 'Incentive Youth Promise Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs Act of 2018'."

A prior section 501 of title V of Pub. L. 93–415, as added by Pub. L. 102–586, §5(a), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5027, provided that title V (enacting subchapter V of chapter 72 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare) could be cited as the "Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs Act", prior to the general amendment of title V of Pub. L. 93–415 by Pub. L. 107–273, §12222(a).

Another section 501 of Pub. L. 93–415, title V, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1133, amended section 5031 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Short Title of 1973 Act

Pub. L. 93–83, §1, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 197, provided: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Crime Control Act of 1973'."

Short Title of 1970 Act

Pub. L. 91–644, §1, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1880, provided: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1970'."

Short Title of 1968 Act

Pub. L. 90–351, §1, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197, provided: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968'."

Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §3030, as added by Pub. L. 115–76, §3(a), Nov. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 1247, provided that: "This part [part MM (§§3030–3036) of title I of Pub. L. 90–351, enacting subchapter XXXIX of chapter 101 of this title] may be cited as the 'National White Collar Crime Control Act of 2017'."

Separability

Pub. L. 90–351, title XI, §1601, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 239, provided that: "If the provisions of any part of this Act [see Short Title of 1968 Act note above] or any amendments made thereby or the application thereof to any person or circumstances be held invalid, the provisions of the other parts and their application to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby." [Another section 1601 of Pub. L. 90–351 is classified to section 10361 of this title.]

References in Other Laws

Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §609I, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2102, provided that:

"(a) Any reference to the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, or to the Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, in any law other than this Act [see Short Title of 1984 Act note set out above] and the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 [see Short Title of 1968 Act note set out above], applicable to activities, functions, powers, and duties that after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 12, 1984] are carried out by the Bureau of Justice Assistance shall be deemed to be a reference to the Bureau of Justice Assistance, or to the Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance, as the case may be.

"(b) Any reference to the Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics, or to the Director of the Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics, in any law other than this Act and the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, applicable to activities, functions, powers, and duties that after the date of the enactment of this Act are carried out by the Office of Justice Programs, the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, or the Office of Juvenile Justice [and] Delinquency Prevention shall be deemed to be a reference to the Office of Justice Programs, the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Institute of Justice, or Office of Juvenile Justice [and] Delinquency Prevention, or to the Director of the Office of Justice Programs, the Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Director of the National Institute of Justice, or the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, as the case may be."

§10102. Duties and functions of Assistant Attorney General

(a) Specific, general and delegated powers

The Assistant Attorney General shall—

(1) publish and disseminate information on the conditions and progress of the criminal justice systems;

(2) maintain liaison with the executive and judicial branches of the Federal and State governments in matters relating to criminal justice;

(3) provide information to the President, the Congress, the judiciary, State and local governments, and the general public relating to criminal justice;

(4) maintain liaison with public and private educational and research institutions, State and local governments, and governments of other nations relating to criminal justice;

(5) coordinate and provide staff support to coordinate the activities of the Office and the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the National Institute of Justice, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Office for Victims of Crime, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; and

(6) exercise such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General, including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants.

(b) Annual report to President and Congress

The Assistant Attorney General shall submit an annual report to the President and to the Congress not later than March 31 of each year.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §102, as added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §603(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2078; amended Pub. L. 107–296, title II, §236, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2162; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1152, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3113.)


Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(6), was in the original "this title", meaning title I of Pub. L. 90–351, as added by Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1167, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3712 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 102 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1170, described duties and functions of Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, prior to the general amendment of part A of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 98–473.

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 109–162, §1152(a), inserted "the Office for Victims of Crime," after "the Bureau of Justice Statistics,".

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 109–162, §1152(b), inserted ", including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants" before period at end.

2002—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 107–296 inserted "coordinate and" before "provide".


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 609AA(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as a note under section 10101 of this title.

§10103. Office of Weed and Seed Strategies

(a) Establishment

There is established within the Office an Office of Weed and Seed Strategies, headed by a Director appointed by the Attorney General.

(b) Assistance

The Director may assist States, units of local government, and neighborhood and community-based organizations in developing Weed and Seed strategies, as provided in section 10104 of this title.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2006, and such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2007, 2008, and 2009, to remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §103, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1121(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3104.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3712a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1121(c), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3107, as amended by Pub. L. 109–271, §8(n)(1), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 767, provided that: "This section [enacting this section and sections 10104 and 10105 of this title and provisions set out as a note below] and the amendments made by this section take effect with respect to appropriations for fiscal year 2007 and for each fiscal year thereafter."

Abolishment of Executive Office of Weed and Seed; Transfers of Functions

Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1121(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3107, provided that:

"(1) Abolishment.—The Executive Office of Weed and Seed is abolished.

"(2) Transfer.—There are hereby transferred to the Office of Weed and Seed Strategies all functions and activities performed immediately before the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 5, 2006] by the Executive Office of Weed and Seed Strategies."

§10104. Weed and Seed strategies

(a) In general

From amounts made available under section 10103(c) of this title, the Director of the Office of Weed and Seed Strategies may implement strategies, to be known as Weed and Seed strategies, to prevent, control, and reduce violent crime, criminal drug-related activity, and gang activity in designated Weed-and-Seed communities. Each such strategy shall involve both of the following activities:

(1) Weeding

Activities, to be known as Weeding activities, which shall include promoting and coordinating a broad spectrum of community efforts (especially those of law enforcement agencies and prosecutors) to arrest, and to sanction or incarcerate, persons in that community who participate or engage in violent crime, criminal drug-related activity, and other crimes that threaten the quality of life in that community.

(2) Seeding

Activities, to be known as Seeding activities, which shall include promoting and coordinating a broad spectrum of community efforts (such as drug abuse education, mentoring, and employment counseling) to provide—

(A) human services, relating to prevention, intervention, or treatment, for at-risk individuals and families; and

(B) community revitalization efforts, including enforcement of building codes and development of the economy.

(b) Guidelines

The Director shall issue guidelines for the development and implementation of Weed and Seed strategies under this section. The guidelines shall ensure that the Weed and Seed strategy for a community referred to in subsection (a) shall—

(1) be planned and implemented through and under the auspices of a steering committee, properly established in the community, comprised of—

(A) in a voting capacity, representatives of—

(i) appropriate law enforcement agencies; and

(ii) other public and private agencies, and neighborhood and community-based organizations, interested in criminal justice and community-based development and revitalization in the community; and


(B) in a voting capacity, both—

(i) the Drug Enforcement Administration's special agent in charge for the jurisdiction encompassing the community; and

(ii) the United States Attorney for the District encompassing the community;


(2) describe how law enforcement agencies, other public and private agencies, neighborhood and community-based organizations, and interested citizens are to cooperate in implementing the strategy; and

(3) incorporate a community-policing component that shall serve as a bridge between the Weeding activities under subsection (a)(1) and the Seeding activities under subsection (a)(2).

(c) Designation

For a community to be designated as a Weed-and-Seed community for purposes of subsection (a)—

(1) the United States Attorney for the District encompassing the community must certify to the Director that—

(A) the community suffers from consistently high levels of crime or otherwise is appropriate for such designation;

(B) the Weed and Seed strategy proposed, adopted, or implemented by the steering committee has a high probability of improving the criminal justice system within the community and contains all the elements required by the Director; and

(C) the steering committee is capable of implementing the strategy appropriately; and


(2) the community must agree to formulate a timely and effective plan to independently sustain the strategy (or, at a minimum, a majority of the best practices of the strategy) when assistance under this section is no longer available.

(d) Application

An application for designation as a Weed-and-Seed community for purposes of subsection (a) shall be submitted to the Director by the steering committee of the community in such form, and containing such information and assurances, as the Director may require. The application shall propose—

(1) a sustainable Weed and Seed strategy that includes—

(A) the active involvement of the United States Attorney for the District encompassing the community, the Drug Enforcement Administration's special agent in charge for the jurisdiction encompassing the community, and other Federal law enforcement agencies operating in the vicinity;

(B) a significant community-oriented policing component; and

(C) demonstrated coordination with complementary neighborhood and community-based programs and initiatives; and


(2) a methodology with outcome measures and specific objective indicia of performance to be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy.

(e) Grants

(1) In general

In implementing a strategy for a community under subsection (a), the Director may make grants to that community.

(2) Uses

For each grant under this subsection, the community receiving that grant may not use any of the grant amounts for construction, except that the Assistant Attorney General may authorize use of grant amounts for incidental or minor construction, renovation, or remodeling.

(3) Limitations

A community may not receive grants under this subsection (or fall within such a community)—

(A) for a period of more than 10 fiscal years;

(B) for more than 5 separate fiscal years, except that the Assistant Attorney General may, in single increments and only upon a showing of extraordinary circumstances, authorize grants for not more than 3 additional separate fiscal years; or

(C) in an aggregate amount of more than $1,000,000, except that the Assistant Attorney General may, upon a showing of extraordinary circumstances, authorize grants for not more than an additional $500,000.

(4) Distribution

In making grants under this subsection, the Director shall ensure that—

(A) to the extent practicable, the distribution of such grants is geographically equitable and includes both urban and rural areas of varying population and area; and

(B) priority is given to communities that clearly and effectively coordinate crime prevention programs with other Federal programs in a manner that addresses the overall needs of such communities.

(5) Federal share

(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the Federal share of a grant under this subsection may not exceed 75 percent of the total costs of the projects described in the application for which the grant was made.

(B) The requirement of subparagraph (A)—

(i) may be satisfied in cash or in kind; and

(ii) may be waived by the Assistant Attorney General upon a determination that the financial circumstances affecting the applicant warrant a finding that such a waiver is equitable.

(6) Supplement, not supplant

To receive a grant under this subsection, the applicant must provide assurances that the amounts received under the grant shall be used to supplement, not supplant, non-Federal funds that would otherwise be available for programs or services provided in the community.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §104, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1121(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3104.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3712b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective with respect to appropriations for fiscal year 2007 and for each fiscal year thereafter, see section 1121(c) of Pub. L. 109–162, set out as a note under section 10103 of this title.

§10105. Inclusion of Indian tribes

For purposes of sections 10103 and 10104 of this title, the term "State" includes an Indian tribal government.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §105, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1121(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3107.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3712c of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Another section 105 of Pub. L. 90–351 was renumbered section 109 and is classified to section 10109 of this title.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective with respect to appropriations for fiscal year 2007 and for each fiscal year thereafter, see section 1121(c) of Pub. L. 109–162, set out as a note under section 10103 of this title.

§10106. Community Capacity Development Office

(a) Establishment

(1) In general

There is established within the Office a Community Capacity Development Office, headed by a Director appointed by the Attorney General. In carrying out the functions of the Office, the Director shall be subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Attorney General. Such authority, direction, and control may be delegated only to the Assistant Attorney General, without redelegation.

(2) Purpose

The purpose of the Office shall be to provide training to actual and prospective participants under programs covered by section 10103(b) 1 of this title to assist such participants in understanding the substantive and procedural requirements for participating in such programs.

(3) Exclusivity

The Office shall be the exclusive element of the Department of Justice performing functions and activities for the purpose specified in paragraph (2). There are hereby transferred to the Office all functions and activities for such purpose performed immediately before January 5, 2006, by any other element of the Department. This does not preclude a grant-making office from providing specialized training and technical assistance in its area of expertise.

(b) Means

The Director shall, in coordination with the heads of the other elements of the Department, carry out the purpose of the Office through the following means:

(1) Promoting coordination of public and private efforts and resources within or available to States, units of local government, and neighborhood and community-based organizations.

(2) Providing information, training, and technical assistance.

(3) Providing support for inter- and intra-agency task forces and other agreements and for assessment of the effectiveness of programs, projects, approaches, or practices.

(4) Providing in the assessment of the effectiveness of neighborhood and community-based law enforcement and crime prevention strategies and techniques, in coordination with the National Institute of Justice.

(5) Any other similar means.

(c) Locations

Training referred to in subsection (a) shall be provided on a regional basis to groups of such participants. In a case in which remedial training is appropriate, as recommended by the Director or the head of any element of the Department, such training may be provided on a local basis to a single such participant.

(d) Best practices

The Director shall—

(1) identify grants under which clearly beneficial outcomes were obtained, and the characteristics of those grants that were responsible for obtaining those outcomes; and

(2) incorporate those characteristics into the training provided under this section.

(e) Availability of funds

not 2 to exceed 3 percent of all funding made available for a fiscal year for the programs covered by section 10103(b) 1 of this title shall be reserved for the Community Capacity Development Office for the activities authorized by this section.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §106, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1159(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3116; amended Pub. L. 109–271, §8(f), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 766.)


Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 10103(b) of this title, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (e), probably should be a reference to section 10109(b) of this title because section 10103(b) relates to Director assistance and section 10109(b) specifically sets out covered programs.

January 5, 2006, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), was in the original "the date of the enactment of this Act" and was translated as meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–162, which enacted this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3712e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Amendments

2006—Subsecs. (a)(2), (e). Pub. L. 109–217 substituted "section 3712a(b)" for "section 3712d(b)".


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1159(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3117, provided that: "This section [enacting this section] and the amendment made by this section take effect 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 5, 2006]."

1 See References in Text Note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.

§10107. Division of Applied Law Enforcement Technology

(a) Establishment

There is established within the Office of Science and Technology, the Division of Applied Law Enforcement Technology, headed by an individual appointed by the Attorney General. The purpose of the Division shall be to provide leadership and focus to those grants of the Department of Justice that are made for the purpose of using or improving law enforcement computer systems.

(b) Duties

In carrying out the purpose of the Division, the head of the Division shall—

(1) establish clear minimum standards for computer systems that can be purchased using amounts awarded under such grants; and

(2) ensure that recipients of such grants use such systems to participate in crime reporting programs administered by the Department, such as Uniform Crime Reports or the National Incident-Based Reporting System.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §107, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1160(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3117.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3712f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1160(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3117, as amended by Pub. L. 109–271, §8(n)(4)(A), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 768, provided that: "This section [enacting this section] and the amendment made by this section take effect on October 1, 2006."

§10108. Availability of funds

(a) Period for awarding grant funds

(1) In general

Unless otherwise specifically provided in an authorization, DOJ grant funds for a fiscal year shall remain available to be awarded and distributed to a grantee only in that fiscal year and the three succeeding fiscal years, subject to paragraphs (2) and (3). DOJ grant funds not so awarded and distributed shall revert to the Treasury.

(2) Treatment of reprogrammed funds

DOJ grant funds for a fiscal year that are reprogrammed in a later fiscal year shall be treated for purposes of paragraph (1) as DOJ grant funds for such later fiscal year.

(3) Treatment of deobligated funds

If DOJ grant funds were obligated and then deobligated, the period of availability that applies to those grant funds under paragraph (1) shall be extended by a number of days equal to the number of days from the date on which those grant funds were obligated to the date on which those grant funds were deobligated.

(b) Period for expending grant funds

DOJ grant funds for a fiscal year that have been awarded and distributed to a grantee may be expended by that grantee only in the period permitted under the terms of the grant. DOJ grant funds not so expended shall be deobligated.

(c) Definition

In this section, the term "DOJ grant funds" means, for a fiscal year, amounts appropriated for activities of the Department of Justice in carrying out grant programs for that fiscal year.

(d) Applicability

This section applies to DOJ grant funds for fiscal years beginning with fiscal year 2006.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §108, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1161(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3118; amended Pub. L. 109–271, §8(g), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 767.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3712g of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–271 substituted "be deobligated" for "revert to the Treasury".


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1161(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3118, as amended by Pub. L. 109–271, §8(n)(4)(B), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 768, provided that: "This section [enacting this section] and the amendment made by this section take effect on October 1, 2006."

§10109. Office of Audit, Assessment, and Management

(a) Establishment

(1) In general

There is established within the Office an Office of Audit, Assessment, and Management, headed by a Director appointed by the Attorney General. In carrying out the functions of the Office, the Director shall be subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Attorney General. Such authority, direction, and control may be delegated only to the Assistant Attorney General, without redelegation.

(2) Purpose

The purpose of the Office shall be to carry out and coordinate program assessments of, take actions to ensure compliance with the terms of, and manage information with respect to, grants under programs covered by subsection (b). The Director shall take special conditions of the grant into account and consult with the office that issued those conditions to ensure appropriate compliance.

(3) Exclusivity

The Office shall be the exclusive element of the Department of Justice, other than the Inspector General, performing functions and activities for the purpose specified in paragraph (2). There are hereby transferred to the Office all functions and activities, other than functions and activities of the Inspector General, for such purpose performed immediately before January 5, 2006, by any other element of the Department.

(b) Covered programs

The programs referred to in subsection (a) are the following:

(1) The program under subchapter XVI of this chapter.

(2) Any grant program carried out by the Office of Justice Programs.

(3) Any other grant program carried out by the Department of Justice that the Attorney General considers appropriate.

(c) Program assessments required

(1) In general

The Director shall select grants awarded under the programs covered by subsection (b) and carry out program assessments on such grants. In selecting such grants, the Director shall ensure that the aggregate amount awarded under the grants so selected represent not less than 10 percent of the aggregate amount of money awarded under all such grant programs.

(2) Relationship to NIJ evaluations

This subsection does not affect the authority or duty of the Director of the National Institute of Justice to carry out overall evaluations of programs covered by subsection (b), except that such Director shall consult with the Director of the Office in carrying out such evaluations.

(3) Timing of program assessments

The program assessment required by paragraph (1) of a grant selected under paragraph (1) shall be carried out—

(A) not later than the end of the grant period, if the grant period is not more than 1 year; and

(B) at the end of each year of the grant period, if the grant period is more than 1 year.

(d) Compliance actions required

The Director shall take such actions to ensure compliance with the terms of a grant as the Director considers appropriate with respect to each grant that the Director determines (in consultation with the head of the element of the Department of Justice concerned), through a program assessment under subsection (a) or other means, is not in compliance with such terms. In the case of a misuse of more than 1 percent of the grant amount concerned, the Director shall, in addition to any other action to ensure compliance that the Director considers appropriate, ensure that the entity responsible for such misuse ceases to receive any funds under any program covered by subsection (b) until such entity repays to the Attorney General an amount equal to the amounts misused. The Director may, in unusual circumstances, grant relief from this requirement to ensure that an innocent party is not punished.

(e) Grant management system

The Director shall establish and maintain, in consultation with the chief information officer of the Office, a modern, automated system for managing all information relating to the grants made under the programs covered by subsection (b).

(f) Availability of funds

Not to exceed 3 percent of all funding made available for a fiscal year for the programs covered by subsection (b) shall be reserved for the Office of Audit, Assessment and Management for the activities authorized by this section.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §109, formerly §105, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1158(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3114; renumbered §109, Pub. L. 109–271, §8(e), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 766.)


Editorial Notes

References in Text

January 5, 2006, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), was in the original "the date of the enactment of this Act" and was translated as meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–162, which enacted this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3712h of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Section was also formerly classified to section 3712d of Title 42 prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 109–271 and transfer to section 3712h of Title 42.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1158(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3116, as amended by Pub. L. 109–271, §8(n)(3), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 768, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), section 109 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3712d [3712h]) [now 34 U.S.C. 10109] shall take effect on April 5, 2006.

"(2) Certain provisions.—Subsections (c), (d), and (e) of section 109 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3712d [3712h]) [now 34 U.S.C. 10109] shall take effect on October 1, 2006."

§10110. Office of Justice Programs grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during any fiscal year the Attorney General—

(1) may make grants, or enter into cooperative agreements and contracts, for the Office of Justice Programs and the component organizations of that Office (including, notwithstanding any contrary provision of law (unless the same should expressly refer to this section), any organization that administers any program established in title 1 of Public Law 90–351); 1 and

(2) shall have final authority over all functions, including any grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts made, or entered into, for the Office of Justice Programs and the component organizations of that Office (including, notwithstanding any contrary provision of law (unless the same should expressly refer to this section), any organization that administers any program established in title 1 of Public Law 90–351).1

(Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(b) [title I, §112], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–50, 2681-67; Pub. L. 107–56, title VI, §614, Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 370; Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title II, §205(d), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1778.)


Editorial Notes

References in Text

Public Law 90–351, referred to in pars. (1) and (2), is Pub. L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197, known as the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. Title 1 of Public Law 90–351 probably means title I of the Act which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1968 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Department of Justice Appropriations Act, 1999, and also as part of the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999, and not as part of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 which comprises this chapter.

Section was formerly classified to section 3715 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Section was also formerly classified as a note under section 3712 of Title 42 prior to transfer to section 3715 of Title 42.

Amendments

2002—Pub. L. 107–273 substituted "any fiscal year the Attorney General—" for "fiscal year 1999, the Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Justice Programs of the Department of Justice—" in introductory provisions.

2001—Par. (1). Pub. L. 107–56, §614(1), inserted "(including, notwithstanding any contrary provision of law (unless the same should expressly refer to this section), any organization that administers any program established in title 1 of Public Law 90–351)" after "that Office".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 107–56, §614, inserted "functions, including any" after "all" and "(including, notwithstanding any contrary provision of law (unless the same should expressly refer to this section), any organization that administers any program established in title 1 of Public Law 90–351)" after "that Office".


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Office of Justice Programs Grants, Cooperative Agreements, and Contracts

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(a)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-20, as amended by Pub. L. 107–56, title VI, §614, Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 370, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for fiscal year 2000, the Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Justice Programs of the Department of Justice—

"(1) may make grants, or enter into cooperative agreements and contracts, for the Office of Justice Programs and the component organizations of that Office (including, notwithstanding any contrary provision of law (unless the same should expressly refer to this section), any organization that administers any program established in title 1 of Public Law 90–351 [see References in Text note above]); and

"(2) shall have final authority over all functions, including any grants, cooperative agreements and contracts made, or entered into, for the Office of Justice Programs and the component organizations of that Office (including, notwithstanding any contrary provision of law (unless the same should expressly refer to this section), any organization that administers any program established in title 1 of Public Law 90–351 [see References in Text note above]), except for grants made under the provisions of sections 201, 202, 301, and 302 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 [34 U.S.C. 10121, 10122, 10131, 10132], as amended; and sections 204(b)(3), 241(e)(1), 243(a)(1), 243(a)(14) and 287A(3) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 [34 U.S.C. 11114(b)(3) and former 42 U.S.C. 5651(e)(1), 5653(a)(1), (14), 5667d–1(3)], as amended."

[Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title I, §108], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A-67, provided that: "Section 108(a) of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000 (as enacted into law by section 1000(a)(1) of Public Law 106–113) [set out above] shall apply for fiscal year 2001 and thereafter."]

1 See References in Text note below.

§10111. Consolidation of financial management systems of Office of Justice Programs

(a) Consolidation of accounting activities and procurement activities

The Assistant Attorney General of the Office of Justice Programs, in coordination with the Chief Information Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Department of Justice, shall ensure that—

(1) all accounting activities for all elements of the Office of Justice Programs are carried out under the direct management of the Office of the Comptroller; and

(2) all procurement activities for all elements of the Office are carried out under the direct management of the Office of Administration.

(b) Further consolidation of procurement activities

The Assistant Attorney General, in coordination with the Chief Information Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Department of Justice, shall ensure that, on and after September 30, 2008—

(1) all procurement activities for all elements of the Office are carried out through a single management office; and

(2) all contracts and purchase orders used in carrying out those activities are processed through a single procurement system.

(c) Consolidation of financial management systems

The Assistant Attorney General, in coordination with the Chief Information Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Department of Justice, shall ensure that, on and after September 30, 2010, all financial management activities (including human resources, payroll, and accounting activities, as well as procurement activities) of all elements of the Office are carried out through a single financial management system.

(d) Achieving compliance

(1) Schedule

The Assistant Attorney General shall undertake a scheduled consolidation of operations to achieve compliance with the requirements of this section.

(2) Specific requirements

With respect to achieving compliance with the requirements of—

(A) subsection (a), the consolidation of operations shall be initiated not later than 90 days after January 5, 2006; and

(B) subsections (b) and (c), the consolidation of operations shall be initiated not later than September 30, 2006, and shall be carried out by the Office of Administration, in consultation with the Chief Information Officer and the Office of Audit, Assessment, and Management.

(Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1162, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3118.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005, and not as part of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 which comprises this chapter.

Section was formerly classified to section 3715a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

SUBCHAPTER II—NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE

§10121. Statement of purpose

It is the purpose of this subchapter to establish a National Institute of Justice, which shall provide for and encourage research and demonstration efforts for the purpose of—

(1) improving Federal, State, and local criminal justice systems and related aspects of the civil justice system;

(2) preventing and reducing crimes;

(3) insuring citizen access to appropriate dispute-resolution forums; and

(4) identifying programs of proven effectiveness, programs having a record of proven success, or programs which offer a high probability of improving the functioning of the criminal justice system.


The Institute shall have authority to engage in and encourage research and development to improve and strengthen the criminal justice system and related aspects of the civil justice system and to disseminate the results of such efforts to Federal, State, and local governments, to evaluate the effectiveness of programs funded under this chapter, to develop and demonstrate new or improved approaches and techniques, to improve and strengthen the administration of justice, and to identify programs or projects carried out under this chapter which have demonstrated success in improving the quality of justice systems and which offer the likelihood of success if continued or repeated. In carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, the Institute shall give primary emphasis to the problems of State and local justice systems and shall insure that there is a balance between basic and applied research.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §201, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1172; amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §604(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2078.)


Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title I of Pub. L. 90–351, as added by Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1167, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3721 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 201 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §104, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2408, set out Congressional statement of purpose in providing for a program of planning grants, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–157.

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–473 redesignated par. (5) as (4), struck out former par. (4) relating to improvement of efforts to detect, investigate, prosecute, and otherwise combat and prevent white-collar crime and public corruption, and in closing provisions struck out "to develop alternatives to judicial resolution of disputes," after "local governments,", and inserted "and demonstrate" after "to develop".


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 609AA(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10101 of this title.

National Training Program for State and Local Prosecutors

Pub. L. 110–424, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4819, provided that:

"SECTION 1. TRAINING FOR STATE AND LOCAL PROSECUTORS.

"The Attorney General is authorized to award a grant to a national nonprofit organization (such as the National District Attorneys Association) to conduct a national training program for State and local prosecutors for the purpose of improving the professional skills of State and local prosecutors and enhancing the ability of Federal, State, and local prosecutors to work together.

"SEC. 2. COMPREHENSIVE CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION.

"The Attorney General may provide assistance to the grantee under section 1 to carry out the training program described in such section, including comprehensive continuing legal education in the areas of trial practice, substantive legal updates, support staff training, and any other assistance the Attorney General determines to be appropriate.

"SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

"There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General to carry out this Act $4,750,000 for each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2012, to remain available until expended."

§10122. National Institute of Justice

(a) Establishment; general authority of Attorney General over Institute

There is established within the Department of Justice, under the general authority of the Attorney General, a National Institute of Justice (hereinafter referred to in this subchapter as the "Institute").

(b) Director of Institute; appointment by President; authority; restrictions

The Institute shall be headed by a Director appointed by the President. The Director shall have had experience in justice research. The Director shall report to the Attorney General through the Assistant Attorney General. The Director shall have final authority over all grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts awarded by the Institute. The Director shall not engage in any other employment than that of serving as Director; nor shall the Director hold any office in, or act in any capacity for, any organization, agency, or institution with which the Institute makes any contract or other arrangement under this chapter.

(c) Duties and functions

The Institute is authorized to—

(1) make grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with, public agencies, institutions of higher education, private organizations, or individuals to conduct research, demonstrations, or special projects pertaining to the purposes described in this subchapter, and provide technical assistance and training in support of tests, demonstrations, and special projects;

(2) conduct or authorize multiyear and short-term research and development concerning the criminal and civil justice systems in an effort—

(A) to identify alternative programs for achieving system goals;

(B) to provide more accurate information on the causes and correlates of crime;

(C) to analyze the correlates of crime and juvenile delinquency and provide more accurate information on the causes and correlates of crime and juvenile delinquency;

(D) to improve the functioning of the criminal justice system;

(E) to develop new methods for the prevention and reduction of crime, including the development of programs to facilitate cooperation among the States and units of local government, the detection and apprehension of criminals, the expeditious, efficient, and fair disposition of criminal and juvenile delinquency cases, the improvement of police and minority relations, the conduct of research into the problems of victims and witnesses of crime, the feasibility and consequences of allowing victims to participate in criminal justice decisionmaking, the feasibility and desirability of adopting procedures and programs which increase the victim's participation in the criminal justice process, the reduction in the need to seek court resolution of civil disputes, and the development of adequate corrections facilities and effective programs of correction; and

(F) to develop programs and projects to improve and expand the capacity of States and units of local government and combinations of such units, to detect, investigate, prosecute, and otherwise combat and prevent white-collar crime and public corruption, to improve and expand cooperation among the Federal Government, States, and units of local government in order to enhance the overall criminal justice system response to white-collar crime and public corruption, and to foster the creation and implementation of a comprehensive national strategy to prevent and combat white-collar crime and public corruption.


In carrying out the provisions of this subsection, the Institute may request the assistance of both public and private research agencies;

(3) evaluate the effectiveness, including cost effectiveness where practical, of projects or programs carried out under this chapter;

(4) make recommendations for action which can be taken by Federal, State, and local governments and by private persons and organizations to improve and strengthen criminal and civil justice systems;

(5) provide research fellowships and clinical internships and carry out programs of training and special workshops for the presentation and dissemination of information resulting from research, demonstrations, and special projects including those authorized by this subchapter;

(6) collect and disseminate information obtained by the Institute or other Federal agencies, public agencies, institutions of higher education, and private organizations relating to the purposes of this subchapter;

(7) serve as a national and international clearinghouse for the exchange of information with respect to the purposes of this subchapter;

(8) after consultation with appropriate agencies and officials of States and units of local government, make recommendations for the designation of programs or projects which will be effective in improving the functioning of the criminal justice system, for funding as discretionary grants under subchapter V;

(9) encourage, assist, and serve in a consulting capacity to Federal, State, and local justice system agencies in the development, maintenance, and coordination of criminal and civil justice programs and services; and

(10) research and development of tools and technologies relating to prevention, detection, investigation, and prosecution of crime; and

(11) support research, development, testing, training, and evaluation of tools and technology for Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies.

(d) Criminal and civil justice research

To insure that all criminal and civil justice research is carried out in a coordinated manner, the Director is authorized to—

(1) utilize, with their consent, the services, equipment, personnel, information, and facilities of other Federal, State, local, and private agencies and instrumentalities with or without reimbursement therefor;

(2) confer with and avail itself of the cooperation, services, records, and facilities of State or of municipal or other local agencies;

(3) request such information, data, and reports from any Federal agency as may be required to carry out the purposes of this section, and the agencies shall provide such information to the Institute as required to carry out the purposes of this subchapter;

(4) seek the cooperation of the judicial branches of Federal and State Government in coordinating civil and criminal justice research and development; and

(5) exercise the powers and functions set out in subchapter VII.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §202, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1172; amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §604(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2078; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330001(h)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2139; Pub. L. 107–296, title II, §237, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2162; Pub. L. 112–166, §2(h)(3), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1285.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3722 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 202 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 198, provided for making of grants to State planning agencies, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–157.

Amendments

2012—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–166 struck out ", by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" before period at end of first sentence.

2002—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 107–296, §237(1), inserted ", including cost effectiveness where practical," after "evaluate the effectiveness".

Subsec. (c)(10), (11). Pub. L. 107–296, §237(2), added pars. (10) and (11).

1994—Subsec. (c)(2)(E). Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "crime," for "crime,,".

1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(1), required Director to report to Attorney General through Assistant Attorney General.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(A)(i), struck out ", including programs authorized by section 3713 of this title" after "system goals".

Subsec. (c)(2)(E). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(A)(ii), struck out "the prevention and reduction of parental kidnaping" after "reduction of crime,".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(B), substituted "chapter" for "subchapter".

Subsec. (c)(4) to (7). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(C), (F), redesignated pars. (5) to (8) as (4) to (7), respectively, and struck out former par. (4) relating to evaluation of programs and projects under other subchapters of this chapter to determine their impact upon criminal and civil justice systems and achievement of purposes and policies of this chapter and for dissemination of information.

Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(D)(i), (ii), (F), redesignated par. (10) as (8) and, in par. (8) as so designated, struck out "nationality priority grants under subchapter V of this chapter and" after "for funding as" and substituted "subchapter V" for "subchapter VI". Former par. (8) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(E), (F), redesignated par. (11) as (9), and struck out former par. (9) relating to a biennial report to President and Congress on state of justice research.

Subsec. (c)(10), (11). Pub. L. 98–473, §604(b)(2)(F), redesignated pars. (10) and (11) as (8) and (9), respectively.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–166 effective 60 days after Aug. 10, 2012, and applicable to appointments made on and after that effective date, including any nomination pending in the Senate on that date, see section 6(a) of Pub. L. 112–166, set out as a note under section 113 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 609AA(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10101 of this title.

§10123. Authority for 100 per centum grants

A grant authorized under this subchapter may be up to 100 per centum of the total cost of each project for which such grant is made. The Institute shall require, whenever feasible, as a condition of approval of a grant under this subchapter, that the recipient contribute money, facilities, or services to carry out the purposes for which the grant is sought.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §203, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1174.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3723 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 203 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 199; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §3(a)–(c), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1881; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 93–415, title V, §542, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1142; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §105, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2408; Pub. L. 95–115, §9(b), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1061, provided for establishment of State planning agencies, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–157.

SUBCHAPTER III—BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS

§10131. Statement of purpose

It is the purpose of this subchapter to provide for and encourage the collection and analysis of statistical information concerning crime, juvenile delinquency, and the operation of the criminal justice system and related aspects of the civil justice system and to support the development of information and statistical systems at the Federal, State, and local levels to improve the efforts of these levels of government to measure and understand the levels of crime, juvenile delinquency, and the operation of the criminal justice system and related aspects of the civil justice system. The Bureau shall utilize to the maximum extent feasible State governmental organizations and facilities responsible for the collection and analysis of criminal justice data and statistics. In carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, the Bureau shall give primary emphasis to the problems of State and local justice systems.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §301, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1176; amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §605(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2079.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3731 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 301 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 199; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §4(1)–(4), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1882; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 199; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §§109, 128(b), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2411, 2424, related to purposes and categories of grants for law enforcement and criminal justice purposes, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–157.

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–473 struck out "(including white-collar crime and public corruption)" after "information concerning crime" and "(including crimes against the elderly, white-collar crime, and public corruption)" after "levels of crime".


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 609AA(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10101 of this title.

§10132. Bureau of Justice Statistics

(a) Establishment

There is established within the Department of Justice, under the general authority of the Attorney General, a Bureau of Justice Statistics (hereinafter referred to in this subchapter as "Bureau").

(b) Appointment of Director; experience; authority; restrictions

The Bureau shall be headed by a Director appointed by the President. The Director shall have had experience in statistical programs. The Director shall have final authority for all grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts awarded by the Bureau. The Director shall be responsible for the integrity of data and statistics and shall protect against improper or illegal use or disclosure. The Director shall report to the Attorney General through the Assistant Attorney General. The Director shall not engage in any other employment than that of serving as Director; nor shall the Director hold any office in, or act in any capacity for, any organization, agency, or institution with which the Bureau makes any contract or other arrangement under this Act.

(c) Duties and functions of Bureau

The Bureau is authorized to—

(1) make grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with public agencies, institutions of higher education, private organizations, or private individuals for purposes related to this subchapter; grants shall be made subject to continuing compliance with standards for gathering justice statistics set forth in rules and regulations promulgated by the Director;

(2) collect and analyze information concerning criminal victimization, including crimes against the elderly, and civil disputes;

(3) collect and analyze data that will serve as a continuous and comparable national social indication of the prevalence, incidence, rates, extent, distribution, and attributes of crime, juvenile delinquency, civil disputes, and other statistical factors related to crime, civil disputes, and juvenile delinquency, in support of national, State, tribal, and local justice policy and decisionmaking;

(4) collect and analyze statistical information, concerning the operations of the criminal justice system at the Federal, State, tribal, and local levels;

(5) collect and analyze statistical information concerning the prevalence, incidence, rates, extent, distribution, and attributes of crime, and juvenile delinquency, at the Federal, State, tribal, and local levels;

(6) analyze the correlates of crime, civil disputes and juvenile delinquency, by the use of statistical information, about criminal and civil justice systems at the Federal, State, tribal, and local levels, and about the extent, distribution and attributes of crime, and juvenile delinquency, in the Nation and at the Federal, State, tribal, and local levels;

(7) compile, collate, analyze, publish, and disseminate uniform national statistics concerning all aspects of criminal justice and related aspects of civil justice, crime, including crimes against the elderly, juvenile delinquency, criminal offenders, juvenile delinquents, and civil disputes in the various States and in Indian country;

(8) recommend national standards for justice statistics and for insuring the reliability and validity of justice statistics supplied pursuant to this chapter;

(9) maintain liaison with the judicial branches of the Federal Government and State and tribal governments in matters relating to justice statistics, and cooperate with the judicial branch in assuring as much uniformity as feasible in statistical systems of the executive and judicial branches;

(10) provide information to the President, the Congress, the judiciary, State, tribal, and local governments, and the general public on justice statistics;

(11) establish or assist in the establishment of a system to provide State, tribal, and local governments with access to Federal informational resources useful in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of programs under this Act;

(12) conduct or support research relating to methods of gathering or analyzing justice statistics;

(13) provide for the development of justice information systems programs and assistance to the States, Indian tribes, and units of local government relating to collection, analysis, or dissemination of justice statistics;

(14) develop and maintain a data processing capability to support the collection, aggregation, analysis and dissemination of information on the incidence of crime and the operation of the criminal justice system;

(15) collect, analyze and disseminate comprehensive Federal justice transaction statistics (including statistics on issues of Federal justice interest such as public fraud and high technology crime) and to provide technical assistance to and work jointly with other Federal agencies to improve the availability and quality of Federal justice data;

(16) provide for the collection, compilation, analysis, publication and dissemination of information and statistics about the prevalence, incidence, rates, extent, distribution and attributes of drug offenses, drug related offenses and drug dependent offenders and further provide for the establishment of a national clearinghouse to maintain and update a comprehensive and timely data base on all criminal justice aspects of the drug crisis and to disseminate such information;

(17) provide for the collection, analysis, dissemination and publication of statistics on the condition and progress of drug control activities at the Federal, State, tribal, and local levels with particular attention to programs and intervention efforts demonstrated to be of value in the overall national anti-drug strategy and to provide for the establishment of a national clearinghouse for the gathering of data generated by Federal, State, tribal, and local criminal justice agencies on their drug enforcement activities;

(18) provide for the development and enhancement of State, tribal, and local criminal justice information systems, and the standardization of data reporting relating to the collection, analysis or dissemination of data and statistics about drug offenses, drug related offenses, or drug dependent offenders;

(19) provide for improvements in the accuracy, quality, timeliness, immediate accessibility, and integration of State and tribal criminal history and related records, support the development and enhancement of national systems of criminal history and related records including the National Instant Criminal Background Check System, the National Incident-Based Reporting System, and the records of the National Crime Information Center, facilitate State and tribal participation in national records and information systems, and support statistical research for critical analysis of the improvement and utilization of criminal history records;

(20) maintain liaison with State, tribal, and local governments and governments of other nations concerning justice statistics;

(21) cooperate in and participate with national and international organizations in the development of uniform justice statistics;

(22) ensure conformance with security and privacy requirement of section 10231 of this title and identify, analyze, and participate in the development and implementation of privacy, security and information policies which impact on Federal, tribal, and State criminal justice operations and related statistical activities; and

(23) exercise the powers and functions set out in subchapter VII.

(d) Justice statistical collection, analysis, and dissemination

(1) In general

To ensure that all justice statistical collection, analysis, and dissemination is carried out in a coordinated manner, the Director is authorized to—

(A) utilize, with their consent, the services, equipment, records, personnel, information, and facilities of other Federal, State, local, and private agencies and instrumentalities with or without reimbursement therefor, and to enter into agreements with such agencies and instrumentalities for purposes of data collection and analysis;

(B) confer and cooperate with State, municipal, and other local agencies;

(C) request such information, data, and reports from any Federal agency as may be required to carry out the purposes of this chapter;

(D) seek the cooperation of the judicial branch of the Federal Government in gathering data from criminal justice records;

(E) encourage replication, coordination and sharing among justice agencies regarding information systems, information policy, and data; and

(F) confer and cooperate with Federal statistical agencies as needed to carry out the purposes of this subchapter, including by entering into cooperative data sharing agreements in conformity with all laws and regulations applicable to the disclosure and use of data.

(2) Consultation with Indian tribes

The Director, acting jointly with the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs (acting through the Office of Justice Services) and the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shall work with Indian tribes and tribal law enforcement agencies to establish and implement such tribal data collection systems as the Director determines to be necessary to achieve the purposes of this section.

(e) Furnishing of information, data, or reports by Federal agencies

Federal agencies requested to furnish information, data, or reports pursuant to subsection (d)(1)(C) shall provide such information to the Bureau as is required to carry out the purposes of this section.

(f) Consultation with representatives of State, tribal, and local government and judiciary

In recommending standards for gathering justice statistics under this section, the Director shall consult with representatives of State, tribal, and local government, including, where appropriate, representatives of the judiciary.

(g) Reports

Not later than 1 year after July 29, 2010, and annually thereafter, the Director shall submit to Congress a report describing the data collected and analyzed under this section relating to crimes in Indian country.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §302, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1176; amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §605(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2079; Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6092(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4339; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330001(h)(2), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2139; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1115(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3103; Pub. L. 111–211, title II, §251(b), July 29, 2010, 124 Stat. 2297; Pub. L. 112–166, §2(h)(1), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1285.)


Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (c)(11), is Pub. L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197, known as the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1968 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3732 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 302 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 200; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §110, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2412, related to establishment of State planning agencies to develop comprehensive State plans for grants for law enforcement and criminal justice purposes, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–157.

Amendments

2012—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–166 struck out ", by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" before period at end of first sentence.

2010—Subsec. (c)(3) to (6). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(1)(A), inserted "tribal," after "State," wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(1)(B), inserted "and in Indian country" after "States".

Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(1)(C), substituted "Federal Government and State and tribal governments" for "Federal and State Governments".

Subsec. (c)(10), (11). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(1)(D), inserted ", tribal," after "State".

Subsec. (c)(13). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(1)(E), inserted ", Indian tribes," after "States".

Subsec. (c)(17). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(1)(F), substituted "activities at the Federal, State, tribal, and local" for "activities at the Federal, State and local" and "generated by Federal, State, tribal, and local" for "generated by Federal, State, and local".

Subsec. (c)(18). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(1)(G), substituted "State, tribal, and local" for "State and local".

Subsec. (c)(19). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(1)(H), inserted "and tribal" after "State" in two places.

Subsec. (c)(20). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(1)(I), inserted ", tribal," after "State".

Subsec. (c)(22). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(1)(J), inserted ", tribal," after "Federal".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(2), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. (1) heading, substituted "To ensure" for "To insure", redesignated former pars. (1) to (6) as subpars. (A) to (F), respectively, of par. (1), realigned margins, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(3), substituted "subsection (d)(1)(C)" for "subsection (d)(3)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(4)(B), inserted ", tribal," after "State".

Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(4)(A), which directed insertion of ", tribal," after "State" in heading, was executed editorially but could not be executed in original because heading had been editorially supplied.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 111–211, §251(b)(5), added subsec. (g).

2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–162, §1115(a)(1), inserted after third sentence "The Director shall be responsible for the integrity of data and statistics and shall protect against improper or illegal use or disclosure."

Subsec. (c)(19). Pub. L. 109–162, §1115(a)(2), amended par. (19) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (19) read as follows: "provide for research and improvements in the accuracy, completeness, and inclusiveness of criminal history record information, information systems, arrest warrant, and stolen vehicle record information and information systems and support research concerning the accuracy, completeness, and inclusiveness of other criminal justice record information;".

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 109–162, §1115(a)(3), added par. (6).

1994—Subsec. (c)(19). Pub. L. 103–322 substituted a semicolon for period at end.

1988—Subsec. (c)(16) to (23). Pub. L. 100–690 added pars. (16) to (19) and redesignated former pars. (16) to (19) as (20) to (23), respectively.

1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–473, §605(b)(1), inserted provision requiring Director to report to Attorney General through Assistant Attorney General.

Subsec. (c)(13). Pub. L. 98–473, §605(b)(2)(A), (C), added par. (13) and struck out former par. (13) relating to provision of financial and technical assistance to States and units of local government relating to collection, analysis, or dissemination of justice statistics.

Subsec. (c)(14), (15). Pub. L. 98–473, §605(b)(2)(C), added pars. (14) and (15). Former pars. (14) and (15) redesignated (16) and (17), respectively.

Subsec. (c)(16). Pub. L. 98–473, §605(b)(2)(A), (B), redesignated par. (14) as (16) and struck out former par. (16) relating to insuring conformance with security and privacy regulations issued under section 10231 of this title.

Subsec. (c)(17). Pub. L. 98–473, §605(b)(2)(B), redesignated par. (15) as (17). Former par. (17) redesignated (19).

Subsec. (c)(18). Pub. L. 98–473, §605(b)(2)(D), added par. (18).

Subsec. (c)(19). Pub. L. 98–473, §605(b)(2)(B), redesignated former par. (17) as (19).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 98–473, §605(b)(3)(A), inserted ", and to enter into agreements with such agencies and instrumentalities for purposes of data collection and analysis".

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 98–473, §605(b)(3)(B)–(D), added par. (5).


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–166 effective 60 days after Aug. 10, 2012, and applicable to appointments made on and after that effective date, including any nomination pending in the Senate on that date, see section 6(a) of Pub. L. 112–166, set out as a note under section 113 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 609AA(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10101 of this title.

Construction of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–211, title II, §251(c), July 29, 2010, 124 Stat. 2298, provided that: "Nothing in this section [amending this section and section 41507 of this title] or any amendment made by this section—

"(1) allows the grant to be made to, or used by, an entity for law enforcement activities that the entity lacks jurisdiction to perform; or

"(2) has any effect other than to authorize, award, or deny a grant of funds to a federally recognized Indian tribe for the purposes described in the relevant grant program."

[For definition of "Indian tribe" as used in section 251(c) of Pub. L. 111–211, set out above, see section 203(a) of Pub. L. 111–211, set out as a note under section 2801 of Title 25, Indians.]

Report on Employment of Individuals Formerly Incarcerated in Federal Prisons

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1124, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1614, provided that:

"(a) Definition.—In this section, the term 'covered individual'—

"(1) means an individual who has completed a term of imprisonment in a Federal prison for a Federal criminal offense; and

"(2) does not include an alien who is or will be removed from the United States for a violation of the immigration laws (as such term is defined in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101)).

"(b) Study and Report Required.—The Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in coordination with the Director of the Bureau of the Census, shall—

"(1) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subtitle [subtitle B of title XI of div. A of Pub. L. 116–92, approved Dec. 20, 2019], design and initiate a study on the employment of covered individuals after their release from Federal prison, including by collecting—

"(A) demographic data on covered individuals, including race, age, and sex; and

"(B) data on employment and earnings of covered individuals who are denied employment, including the reasons for the denials; and

"(2) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subtitle, and every 5 years thereafter, submit a report that does not include any personally identifiable information on the study conducted under paragraph (1) to—

"(A) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

"(B) the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate;

"(C) the Committee on Oversight and Reform of the House of Representatives; and

"(D) the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives."

Data Collection

Pub. L. 115–391, title VI, §610, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5245, provided that:

"(a) National Prisoner Statistics Program.—Beginning not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2018], and annually thereafter, pursuant to the authority under section 302 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3732) [now 34 U.S.C. 10132], the Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics, with information that shall be provided by the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, shall include in the National Prisoner Statistics Program the following:

"(1) The number of prisoners (as such term is defined in section 3635 of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 101(a) of this Act) who are veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States.

"(2) The number of prisoners who have been placed in solitary confinement at any time during the previous year.

"(3) The number of female prisoners known by the Bureau of Prisons to be pregnant, as well as the outcomes of such pregnancies, including information on pregnancies that result in live birth, stillbirth, miscarriage, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, maternal death, neonatal death, and preterm birth.

"(4) The number of prisoners who volunteered to participate in a substance abuse treatment program, and the number of prisoners who have participated in such a program.

"(5) The number of prisoners provided medication-assisted treatment with medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration while in custody in order to treat substance use disorder.

"(6) The number of prisoners who were receiving medication-assisted treatment with medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration prior to the commencement of their term of imprisonment.

"(7) The number of prisoners who are the parent or guardian of a minor child.

"(8) The number of prisoners who are single, married, or otherwise in a committed relationship.

"(9) The number of prisoners who have not achieved a GED, high school diploma, or equivalent prior to entering prison.

"(10) The number of prisoners who, during the previous year, received their GED or other equivalent certificate while incarcerated.

"(11) The numbers of prisoners for whom English is a second language.

"(12) The number of incidents, during the previous year, in which restraints were used on a female prisoner during pregnancy, labor, or postpartum recovery, as well as information relating to the type of restraints used, and the circumstances under which each incident occurred.

"(13) The vacancy rate for medical and healthcare staff positions, and average length of such a vacancy.

"(14) The number of facilities that operated, at any time during the previous year, without at least 1 clinical nurse, certified paramedic, or licensed physician on site.

"(15) The number of facilities that during the previous year were accredited by the American Correctional Association.

"(16) The number and type of recidivism reduction partnerships described in section 3621(h)(5) of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 102(a) of this Act, entered into by each facility.

"(17) The number of facilities with remote learning capabilities.

"(18) The number of facilities that offer prisoners video conferencing.

"(19) Any changes in costs related to legal phone calls and visits following implementation of section 3632(d)(1) of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 101(a) of this Act.

"(20) The number of aliens in prison during the previous year.

"(21) For each Bureau of Prisons facility, the total number of violations that resulted in reductions in rewards, incentives, or time credits, the number of such violations for each category of violation, and the demographic breakdown of the prisoners who have received such reductions.

"(22) The number of assaults on Bureau of Prisons staff by prisoners and the number of criminal prosecutions of prisoners for assaulting Bureau of Prisons staff.

"(23) The capacity of each recidivism reduction program and productive activity to accommodate eligible inmates at each Bureau of Prisons facility.

"(24) The number of volunteers who were certified to volunteer in a Bureau of Prisons facility, broken down by level (level I and level II), and by each Bureau of Prisons facility.

"(25) The number of prisoners enrolled in recidivism reduction programs and productive activities at each Bureau of Prisons facility, broken down by risk level and by program, and the number of those enrolled prisoners who successfully completed each program.

"(26) The breakdown of prisoners classified at each risk level by demographic characteristics, including age, sex, race, and the length of the sentence imposed.

"(b) Report to Judiciary Committees.—Beginning not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2018], and annually thereafter for a period of 7 years, the Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics shall submit a report containing the information described in paragraphs (1) through (26) of subsection (a) to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives."

Inclusion of Honor Violence in National Crime Victimization Survey

Pub. L. 113–235, div. B, title II, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2191, provided in part: "That beginning not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [div. B of Pub. L. 113–235, Dec. 16, 2014], as part of each National Crime Victimization Survey, the Attorney General shall include statistics relating to honor violence".

Study of Crimes Against Seniors

Pub. L. 106–534, §5, Nov. 22, 2000, 114 Stat. 2557, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Attorney General shall conduct a study relating to crimes against seniors, in order to assist in developing new strategies to prevent and otherwise reduce the incidence of those crimes.

"(b) Issues Addressed.—The study conducted under this section shall include an analysis of—

"(1) the nature and type of crimes perpetrated against seniors, with special focus on—

"(A) the most common types of crimes that affect seniors;

"(B) the nature and extent of telemarketing, sweepstakes, and repair fraud against seniors; and

"(C) the nature and extent of financial and material fraud targeted at seniors;

"(2) the risk factors associated with seniors who have been victimized;

"(3) the manner in which the Federal and State criminal justice systems respond to crimes against seniors;

"(4) the feasibility of States establishing and maintaining a centralized computer database on the incidence of crimes against seniors that will promote the uniform identification and reporting of such crimes;

"(5) the effectiveness of damage awards in court actions and other means by which seniors receive reimbursement and other damages after fraud has been established; and

"(6) other effective ways to prevent or reduce the occurrence of crimes against seniors."

Inclusion of Seniors in National Crime Victimization Survey

Pub. L. 106–534, §6, Nov. 22, 2000, 114 Stat. 2557, provided that: "Beginning not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 22, 2000], as part of each National Crime Victimization Survey, the Attorney General shall include statistics relating to—

"(1) crimes targeting or disproportionately affecting seniors;

"(2) crime risk factors for seniors, including the times and locations at which crimes victimizing seniors are most likely to occur; and

"(3) specific characteristics of the victims of crimes who are seniors, including age, gender, race or ethnicity, and socioeconomic status."

Crime Victims With Disabilities Awareness

Pub. L. 105–301, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2838, as amended by Pub. L. 106–402, title IV, §401(b)(10), Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1739, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This Act may be cited as the 'Crime Victims With Disabilities Awareness Act'.

"SEC. 2. FINDINGS; PURPOSES.

"(a) Findings.—Congress finds that—

"(1) although research conducted abroad demonstrates that individuals with developmental disabilities are at a 4 to 10 times higher risk of becoming crime victims than those without disabilities, there have been no significant studies on this subject conducted in the United States;

"(2) in fact, the National Crime Victim's Survey, conducted annually by the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Department of Justice, does not specifically collect data relating to crimes against individuals with developmental disabilities;

"(3) studies in Canada, Australia, and Great Britain consistently show that victims with developmental disabilities suffer repeated victimization because so few of the crimes against them are reported, and even when they are, there is sometimes a reluctance by police, prosecutors, and judges to rely on the testimony of a disabled individual, making individuals with developmental disabilities a target for criminal predators;

"(4) research in the United States needs to be done to—

"(A) understand the nature and extent of crimes against individuals with developmental disabilities;

"(B) describe the manner in which the justice system responds to crimes against individuals with developmental disabilities; and

"(C) identify programs, policies, or laws that hold promises for making the justice system more responsive to crimes against individuals with developmental disabilities; and

"(5) the National Academy of Science Committee on Law and Justice of the National Research Council is a premier research institution with unique experience in developing seminal, multidisciplinary studies to establish a strong research base from which to make public policy.

"(b) Purposes.—The purposes of this Act are—

"(1) to increase public awareness of the plight of victims of crime who are individuals with developmental disabilities;

"(2) to collect data to measure the extent of the problem of crimes against individuals with developmental disabilities; and

"(3) to develop a basis to find new strategies to address the safety and justice needs of victims of crime who are individuals with developmental disabilities.

"SEC. 3. DEFINITION OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY.

"In this Act, the term 'developmental disability' has the meaning given the term in section 102 of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 [42 U.S.C. 15002].

"SEC. 4. STUDY.

"(a) In General.—The Attorney General shall conduct a study to increase knowledge and information about crimes against individuals with developmental disabilities that will be useful in developing new strategies to reduce the incidence of crimes against those individuals.

"(b) Issues Addressed.—The study conducted under this section shall address such issues as—

"(1) the nature and extent of crimes against individuals with developmental disabilities;

"(2) the risk factors associated with victimization of individuals with developmental disabilities;

"(3) the manner in which the justice system responds to crimes against individuals with developmental disabilities; and

"(4) the means by which States may establish and maintain a centralized computer database on the incidence of crimes against individuals with disabilities within a State.

"(c) National Academy of Sciences.—In carrying out this section, the Attorney General shall consider contracting with the Committee on Law and Justice of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences to provide research for the study conducted under this section.

"(d) Report.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 27, 1998], the Attorney General shall submit to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report describing the results of the study conducted under this section.

"SEC. 5. NATIONAL CRIME VICTIM'S SURVEY.

"Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, as part of each National Crime Victim's Survey, the Attorney General shall include statistics relating to—

"(1) the nature of crimes against individuals with developmental disabilities; and

"(2) the specific characteristics of the victims of those crimes."

§10133. Authority for 100 per centum grants

A grant authorized under this subchapter may be up to 100 per centum of the total cost of each project for which such grant is made. The Bureau shall require, whenever feasible as a condition of approval of a grant under this subchapter, that the recipient contribute money, facilities, or services to carry out the purposes for which the grant is sought.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §303, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1178.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3733 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 303 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §4(5), (6), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1883; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 93–415, title V, §543, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1142; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §111, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2413; Pub. L. 96–181, §15(b), Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1316, set out requirements of State plans in order to qualify for grants for law enforcement and criminal justice purposes, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–157.

§10134. Use of data

Data collected by the Bureau shall be used only for statistical or research purposes, and shall be gathered in a manner that precludes their use for law enforcement or any purpose relating to a private person or public agency other than statistical or research purposes.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §304, formerly §305, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1179; renumbered §304, Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §605(d), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2080; amended Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1115(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3104.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3735 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 304 of Pub. L. 90–351, as added by Pub. L. 96–157, was classified to section 3734 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §605(c), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2080.

Amendments

2006—Pub. L. 109–162 substituted "private person or public agency" for "particular individual".

SUBCHAPTER IV—ESTABLISHMENT OF BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE


Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

This subchapter is comprised of part D (§401 et seq.) of title I of Pub. L. 90–351. A prior part D related to block grants by Bureau of Justice Assistance, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4328. For similar provisions, see part A (§10151 et seq.) of subchapter V of this chapter.

§10141. Establishment of Bureau of Justice Assistance

(a) There is established within the Department of Justice, under the general authority of the Attorney General, a Bureau of Justice Assistance (hereafter in this subchapter referred to as the "Bureau").

(b) The Bureau shall be headed by a Director (hereafter in this subchapter referred to as the "Director") who shall be appointed by the President. The Director shall report to the Attorney General through the Assistant Attorney General. The Director shall have final authority for all grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts awarded by the Bureau. The Director shall not engage in any employment other than that of serving as the Director, nor shall the Director hold any office in, or act in any capacity for, any organization, agency, or institution with which the Bureau makes any contract or other arrangement under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §401, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4328; amended Pub. L. 112–166, §2(h)(2), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1285.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3741 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 401 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, as added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §606, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2080; amended Pub. L. 99–570, title I, §1552(b)(1), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–46, related to establishment of Bureau of Justice Assistance, appointment of Director, and authority and restrictions with regard to Director, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4328.

Another prior section 401 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1179, described formula grant program, prior to the general amendment of part D of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 98–473.

Another prior section 401 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 203; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 205, set out the Congressional statement of purposes in making provision for training, education, research, demonstration, and special grants, prior to the general amendment of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 96–157.

Amendments

2012—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–166 struck out ", by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" before period at end of first sentence.


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–166 effective 60 days after Aug. 10, 2012, and applicable to appointments made on and after that effective date, including any nomination pending in the Senate on that date, see section 6(a) of Pub. L. 112–166, set out as a note under section 113 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Transfer of Functions

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-20, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, effective August 1, 2000, all functions of the Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance, other than those enumerated in the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 3742(3) through (6) [now 34 U.S.C. 10142(3)–(6)], are transferred to the Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Justice Programs."

§10142. Duties and functions of Director

The Director shall have the following duties:

(1) Providing funds to eligible States, units of local government, and nonprofit organizations pursuant to subchapters V and XIII.

(2) Establishing programs in accordance with part B of subchapter V and, following public announcement of such programs, awarding and allocating funds and technical assistance in accordance with the criteria of part B of subchapter V, and on terms and conditions determined by the Director to be consistent with part B of subchapter V.

(3) Cooperating with and providing technical assistance to States, units of local government, and other public and private organizations or international agencies involved in criminal justice activities.

(4) Providing for the development of technical assistance and training programs for State and local criminal justice agencies and fostering local participation in such activities.

(5) Encouraging the targeting of State and local resources on efforts to reduce the incidence of drug abuse and crime and on programs relating to the apprehension and prosecution of drug offenders.

(6) Establishing and carrying on a specific and continuing program of cooperation with the States and units of local government designed to encourage and promote consultation and coordination concerning decisions made by the Bureau affecting State and local drug control and criminal justice priorities.

(7) Preparing recommendations on the State and local drug enforcement component of the National Drug Control Strategy which shall be submitted to the Associate Director of the Office on National Drug Control Policy. In making such recommendations, the Director shall review the statewide strategies submitted by such States under subchapter V, and shall obtain input from State and local drug enforcement officials. The recommendations made under this paragraph shall be provided at such time and in such form as the Director of National Drug Control Policy shall require.

(8) Exercising such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Director pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General or Assistant Attorney General.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §402, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4328; amended Pub. L. 101–647, title II, §241(b)(1), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4813.)


Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3742 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 402 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, as added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §606, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2080, related to duties and functions of Director, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4328.

Another prior section 402 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1181, related to eligibility provisions for formula grants, prior to the general amendment of part D of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 98–473.

Another prior section 402 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 203; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 205; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §117, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2416, provided for creation of a National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, prior to the general amendment of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 96–157.

Amendments

1990—Par. (1). Pub. L. 101–647 substituted "subchapters V and XII–B" for "subchapter V".


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

Effective Aug. 1, 2000, all functions of Director of Bureau of Justice Assistance, other than those enumerated in pars. (3) to (6) of this section, transferred to Assistant Attorney General for Office of Justice Programs, see section 1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(b)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 10141 of this title.

SUBCHAPTER V—BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAMS


Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

This subchapter is comprised of part E (§500 et seq.) of title I of Pub. L. 90–351. A prior part E (formerly part F) related to discretionary grants, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4328.

Another prior part E (§501 et seq.) of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 related to national priority grants, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §607, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2086.

Part A—Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program


Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

This part is comprised of subpart 1 (§501 et seq.) of part E of title I of Pub. L. 90–351. A prior subpart 1 (§501 et seq.) related to the drug control and system improvement grant program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1111(a)(1), (d), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3094, 3102, applicable with respect to the first fiscal year beginning after Jan. 5, 2006, and each fiscal year thereafter.

§10151. Name of program

(a) In general

The grant program established under this part shall be known as the "Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program".

(b) References to former programs

(1) Any reference in a law, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States to the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Programs, or to the Local Government Law Enforcement Block Grants program, shall be deemed to be a reference to the grant program referred to in subsection (a).

(2) Any reference in a law, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States to section 506 of this Act as such section was in effect on the date of the enactment of the Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2006 through 2009,1 shall be deemed to be a reference to section 505(a) of this Act as amended by the Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2006 through 2009.1

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §500, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4329; amended Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1111(a)(2)(B), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3094.)


Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is Pub. L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197, known as the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. Former section 506 of the Act was classified to section 3756 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1111(a)(1), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3094. Section 505(a) of the Act is classified to section 10156(a) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1968 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

The Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2006 through 2009, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), probably means the Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109–162, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2960, which repealed former section 3756 of this title and enacted section 10156 of this title. See note above.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3750 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2006—Pub. L. 109–162 substituted "Name of program" for "Name of programs" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The grant programs established under this subchapter shall be known as the 'Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Programs'."


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1111(d), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3102, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [see Tables for classification] shall apply with respect to the first fiscal year beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 5, 2006] and each fiscal year thereafter."

1 See References in Text note below.

§10152. Description

(a) Grants authorized

(1) In general

From amounts made available to carry out this part, the Attorney General may, in accordance with the formula established under section 10156 of this title, make grants to States and units of local government, for use by the State or unit of local government to provide additional personnel, equipment, supplies, contractual support, training, technical assistance, and information systems for criminal justice, including for any one or more of the following programs:

(A) Law enforcement programs.

(B) Prosecution and court programs.

(C) Prevention and education programs.

(D) Corrections and community corrections programs.

(E) Drug treatment and enforcement programs.

(F) Planning, evaluation, and technology improvement programs.

(G) Crime victim and witness programs (other than compensation).

(H) Mental health programs and related law enforcement and corrections programs, including behavioral programs and crisis intervention teams.

(2) Rule of construction

Paragraph (1) shall be construed to ensure that a grant under that paragraph may be used for any purpose for which a grant was authorized to be used under either or both of the programs specified in section 10151(b) of this title, as those programs were in effect immediately before January 5, 2006.

(b) Contracts and subawards

A State or unit of local government may, in using a grant under this part for purposes authorized by subsection (a), use all or a portion of that grant to contract with or make one or more subawards to one or more—

(1) neighborhood or community-based organizations that are private and nonprofit; or

(2) units of local government.

(c) Program assessment component; waiver

(1) Each program funded under this part shall contain a program assessment component, developed pursuant to guidelines established by the Attorney General, in coordination with the National Institute of Justice.

(2) The Attorney General may waive the requirement of paragraph (1) with respect to a program if, in the opinion of the Attorney General, the program is not of sufficient size to justify a full program assessment.

(d) Prohibited uses

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, no funds provided under this part may be used, directly or indirectly, to provide any of the following matters:

(1) Any security enhancements or any equipment to any nongovernmental entity that is not engaged in criminal justice or public safety.

(2) Unless the Attorney General certifies that extraordinary and exigent circumstances exist that make the use of such funds to provide such matters essential to the maintenance of public safety and good order—

(A) vehicles (excluding police cruisers), vessels (excluding police boats), or aircraft (excluding police helicopters);

(B) luxury items;

(C) real estate;

(D) construction projects (other than penal or correctional institutions); or

(E) any similar matters.

(e) Administrative costs

Not more than 10 percent of a grant made under this part may be used for costs incurred to administer such grant.

(f) Period

The period of a grant made under this part shall be four years, except that renewals and extensions beyond that period may be granted at the discretion of the Attorney General.

(g) Rule of construction

Subparagraph (d)(1) shall not be construed to prohibit the use, directly or indirectly, of funds provided under this part to provide security at a public event, such as a political convention or major sports event, so long as such security is provided under applicable laws and procedures.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §501, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1111(a)(2)(C), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3095; amended Pub. L. 109–271, §8(h), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 767; Pub. L. 114–255, div. B, title XIV, §14001(a), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1287.)


Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197, known as the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3751 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 501 of title I of Pub. L. 90–351, as added and amended Pub. L. 100–690, title V, §5104, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4301, 4329; Pub. L. 101–647, title VI, §601(b), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4823; Pub. L. 103–322, title X, §100003, title XIV, §140004, title XV, §150003, title XXI, §210302(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1996, 2032, 2035, 2065; Pub. L. 104–132, title VIII, §822(a), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1317; Pub. L. 106–177, title I, §103, Mar. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 35; Pub. L. 106–310, div. B, title XXXVI, §3621(b), Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1231; Pub. L. 106–561, §2(a), Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2787, related to description of drug control and system improvement grant program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1111(a)(1), (d), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3094, 3102, applicable with respect to the first fiscal year beginning after Jan. 5, 2006, and each fiscal year thereafter.

Another prior section 501 of title I of Pub. L. 90–351, formerly §601, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1195; renumbered §501 and amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §608(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2086, related to Congressional statement of purpose regarding discretionary grants, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4328.

Another prior section 501 of title I of Pub. L. 90–351, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1192, set out Congressional statement of purpose of national priority grants, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §607, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2086.

Another prior section 501 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 205; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §120, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2418, related to administrative rules, regulations, and procedures, prior to the general amendment of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 96–157.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (a)(1)(H). Pub. L. 114–255 added subpar. (H).

2006—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–271 struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "tribal governments."


Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable with respect to the first fiscal year beginning after Jan. 5, 2006, and each fiscal year thereafter, see section 1111(d) of Pub. L. 109–162, set out as an Effective Date of 2006 Amendment note under section 10151 of this title.

§10153. Applications

(A) 1 In general

To request a grant under this part, the chief executive officer of a State or unit of local government shall submit an application to the Attorney General within 120 days after the date on which funds to carry out this part are appropriated for a fiscal year, in such form as the Attorney General may require. Such application shall include the following:

(1) A certification that Federal funds made available under this part will not be used to supplant State or local funds, but will be used to increase the amounts of such funds that would, in the absence of Federal funds, be made available for law enforcement activities.

(2) An assurance that, not fewer than 30 days before the application (or any amendment to the application) was submitted to the Attorney General, the application (or amendment) was submitted for review to the governing body of the State or unit of local government (or to an organization designated by that governing body).

(3) An assurance that, before the application (or any amendment to the application) was submitted to the Attorney General—

(A) the application (or amendment) was made public; and

(B) an opportunity to comment on the application (or amendment) was provided to citizens and to neighborhood or community-based organizations, to the extent applicable law or established procedure makes such an opportunity available.


(4) An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant shall maintain and report such data, records, and information (programmatic and financial) as the Attorney General may reasonably require.

(5) A certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General and executed by the chief executive officer of the applicant (or by another officer of the applicant, if qualified under regulations promulgated by the Attorney General), that—

(A) the programs to be funded by the grant meet all the requirements of this part;

(B) all the information contained in the application is correct;

(C) there has been appropriate coordination with affected agencies; and

(D) the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.


(6) A comprehensive Statewide plan detailing how grants received under this section will be used to improve the administration of the criminal justice system, which shall—

(A) be designed in consultation with local governments, and representatives of all segments of the criminal justice system, including judges, prosecutors, law enforcement personnel, corrections personnel, and providers of indigent defense services, victim services, juvenile justice delinquency prevention programs, community corrections, and reentry services;

(B) include a description of how the State will allocate funding within and among each of the uses described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of section 10152(a)(1) of this title;

(C) describe the process used by the State for gathering evidence-based data and developing and using evidence-based and evidence-gathering approaches in support of funding decisions;

(D) describe the barriers at the State and local level for accessing data and implementing evidence-based approaches to preventing and reducing crime and recidivism; and

(E) be updated every 5 years, with annual progress reports that—

(i) address changing circumstances in the State, if any;

(ii) describe how the State plans to adjust funding within and among each of the uses described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of section 10152(a)(1) of this title;

(iii) provide an ongoing assessment of need;

(iv) discuss the accomplishment of goals identified in any plan previously prepared under this paragraph; and

(v) reflect how the plan influenced funding decisions in the previous year.

(b) Technical assistance

(1) Strategic planning

Not later than 90 days after December 16, 2016, the Attorney General shall begin to provide technical assistance to States and local governments requesting support to develop and implement the strategic plan required under subsection (a)(6). The Attorney General may enter into agreements with 1 or more non-governmental organizations to provide technical assistance and training under this paragraph.

(2) Protection of constitutional rights

Not later than 90 days after December 16, 2016, the Attorney General shall begin to provide technical assistance to States and local governments, including any agent thereof with responsibility for administration of justice, requesting support to meet the obligations established by the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall include—

(A) public dissemination of practices, structures, or models for the administration of justice consistent with the requirements of the Sixth Amendment; and

(B) assistance with adopting and implementing a system for the administration of justice consistent with the requirements of the Sixth Amendment.