CHAPTER 35—AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938

GENERAL PROVISIONS

        

SUBCHAPTER I—ADJUSTMENT IN FREIGHT RATES, NEW USES AND MARKETS, AND DISPOSITION OF SURPLUSES

        

SUBCHAPTER II—LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES

Part A—Definitions, Loans, Parity Payments, and Consumer Safeguards

        

Part B—Marketing Quotas

subpart i—marketing quotas—tobacco

        

subpart ii—acreage allotments—corn

        

subpart iii—marketing quotas—wheat

        

subpart iv—marketing quotas—cotton

        

subpart v—marketing quotas—rice

        

subpart vi—marketing quotas—peanuts

        

subpart vii—flexible marketing allotments for sugar

        

Part C—Administrative Provisions

subpart i—publication and review of quotas

        

subpart ii—adjustment of quotas and enforcement

        

Part D—Wheat Marketing Allocation

        

Part E—Rice Certificates

        

Part F—Miscellaneous Provisions and Appropriations

subpart i—miscellaneous

        

subpart ii—appropriations and administrative expenses

        

SUBCHAPTER III—COTTON POOL PARTICIPATION TRUST CERTIFICATES

        

GENERAL PROVISIONS

§1281. Short title

This chapter may be cited as the "Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938".

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, §1, 52 Stat. 31.)

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title XVIII, §1801, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1660, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in this Act, this Act and the amendments made by this Act [see Tables for classification] shall become effective on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 1985]."

Short Title of 1999 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(3) [title IV, §401], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A-210, provided that: "This title [amending section 1387 of this title] may be cited as the 'Mississippi National Forest Improvement Act of 1999'."

Short Title of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–577, §1, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2856, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 1314e and 1379 of this title] may be cited as the 'Farm Poundage Quota Revisions Act of 1990'."

Short Title of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–260, §1, Mar. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 45, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 1433c–1 of this title, amending sections 259, 1431, 1441–1, 1444–1, 1444e, 1445b–3, 1446, 1464, 1466, 1736–1, 1736s, and 1736v of this title, section 5312 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and section 714b of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 608c, 1441–1, and 1446 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 2025 of this title] may be cited as the 'Food Security Improvements Act of 1986'."

Short Title of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, §1, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1354, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Food Security Act of 1985'."

Short Title of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–218, §1, July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 197, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 1314–1, 1314b–1, 1314b–2, 1445–1, and 1445–2 of this title, amending sections 1301, 1314, 1314b, 1314c, 1314e, 1314f, 1316, 1373, and 1445 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1314, 1314b, 1445, 1445–1, and 1445–2 of this title, and under section 590h of Title 16, Conservation] may be cited as the 'No Net Cost Tobacco Program Act of 1982'."

Short Title of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–98, §1, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1213, provided in part that Pub. L. 97–98 [see Tables for classification] be cited as the "Agriculture and Food Act of 1981".

Short Title of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–113, §1, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 913, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 1308 to 1310, 1444c, 1445b to 1445f, 1715, 2027, 2266, 2267, 2281 to 2289, 2669, 2670, 3101 to 3103, 3121 to 3128, 3151 to 3154, 3171 to 3178, 3191 to 3201, 3221, 3222, 3241, 3251, 3252, 3261 to 3263, 3271, 3281, 3282, 3291, 3301 to 3304, 3311 to 3316, and 3401 to 3417 of this title and section 590q–3 of Title 16, Conservation, amending sections 75 to 79b, 84, 87 to 87b, 87e, 87f–1, 87f–2, 87h, 341 to 343, 361c, 390 to 390j, 608e–1, 612c–3, 1011, 1307, 1352, 1358 to 1359, 1373, 1374, 1377, 1385, 1427 to 1428, 1431, 1441, 1444, 1446, 1446a, 1447, 1622, 1702, 1724, 1731 to 1733, 1736b, 1736c, 1781, 1782, 1923, 1929, 1929a, 1932, 1942, 2011 to 2026, 2201, 2204, 2652, 2654, 2662, 2663, 2667, 3104, 3157, 4551, and 4553 of this title, section 714b of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 590h, 590o, 1002, 1005, 1006a, and 1505 of Title 16, and section 6651 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing section 390k of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 74, 75a, 612c, 1307, 1330, 1331, 1342, 1352, 1353, 1358, 1358a, 1359, 1373, 1377, 1379d, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1441, 1444, 1444b, 1444c, 1445a to 1445c, 1446, 1446d, 1447, 1691, 2011, 2012, 2266, 3101, and 3401 of this title, and section 714b of Title 15, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 74, 79, 135b, 608c, 612c, 1308, and 2011 of this title and under section 1382e of Title 42] may be cited as the 'Food and Agriculture Act of 1977'."

Short Title of 1973 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–86, §6, formerly §5, Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 250, as renumbered Pub. L. 95–113, title XIII, §1304(b)(1), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 980, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 612c–2, 612c–3, 1282a, 1427a, 1434, 1441a, 1736e, 2026, and 5942 of this title and sections 1501 to 1510 of Title 16, Conservation, amending sections 608c, 1301, 1305, 1306, 1307, 1334a–1, 1342a, 1344b, 1350, 1374, 1379b, 1379c, 1379g, 1428, 1444, 1444b, 1445a, 1446, 1446a, 1703, 1736c, 1782, 1787, 1925, 1926, 1932, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2019, 2025, 2119, 2651, 2654, 4551, and 4553 of this title, repealing section 1628 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 608c, 612c, 624, 1301, 1305, 1306, 1344b, 1350, 1379b, 1379c, 1379d, 1441, 1444, 1445a, and 1446 of this title, section 142 of Title 13, Census, and section 71 of Title 45, Railroads, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 135b, 608c, 1305, 1330 to 1336, 1338, 1339, 1342, 1343, 1344, 1344b, 1345, 1346, 1377 to 1379, 1379b, 1379c, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1441, 1445a, 1446, and 1446d of this title] may be cited as the 'Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973'."

Short Title of 1970 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–524, §1, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1358, provided: "That this Act [as amended by section 1 of Pub. L. 93–86, enacting sections 612c–2, 612c-3, 1282a, 1307, 1334a–1, 1339d, 1342a, 1350a, 1427a, 1434, 1441a, 1736e, 1787, 1930, 2119, and 5942 of this title, sections 590q–2 and 1501 to 1510 of Title 16, Conservation, and section 3122 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 608c, 1301, 1305, 1306, 1344b, 1350, 1374, 1378, 1379, 1379b, 1379c, 1379d, 1379e, 1379g, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1444, 1444a, 1444b, 1445a, 1446, 1446a, 1703, 1704, 1736, 1736c, 1782, 1787, 1925, 1926, 1932, 2651, 2654, 4551, and 4553 of this title and section 590p of Title 16, Conservation, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 135b, 608c, 624, 1301, 1305, 1306, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1338, 1339, 1342, 1342a, 1343, 1344, 1344b, 1345, 1346, 1350, 1359, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1379b to 1379j, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1441, 1444, 1444b, 1445, 1445a, 1446, and 1446d of this title, section 142 of Title 13, Census, and section 71 of Title 45 Railroads] may be cited as the 'Agricultural Act of 1970'."

Short Title of 1964 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–297, §1, Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 173, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 1348 to 1350 of this title, amending sections 1301, 1334, 1336, 1339, 1344, 1376, 1377, 1379b, 1379c, 1379d, 1385, 1421, 1427, 1444, and 1445a of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1332 and 1379b of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1441 of this title] may be cited as the 'Agricultural Act of 1964'."

Short Title of 1963 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–26, §1, May 20, 1963, 77 Stat. 44, provided: "That this Act [amending section 1339a of this title and section 590p of Title 16, Conservation, and provisions set out as note under section 1441 of this title] may be cited as the 'Feed Grain Act of 1963'."

Short Title of 1962 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–703, §1, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 605, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 1334b, 1339 to 1339c, 1379a to 1379j, 1431d, 1445a and 1991 of this title and section 713a–13 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, amending sections 608c, 1010, 1011, 1301, 1331 to 1334, 1335, 1336, 1340, 1371, 1385, 1427, 1431, 1431b, 1444b, 1697, 1731 to 1733, 1735, 1736, 1923, 1926, 1929, and 1942 of this title and sections 590g, 590h, 590p, 1004 and 1005 of Title 16, Conservation, repealing section 1337 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 1301, 1334, and 1441 of this title, and section 590p of Title 16] may be cited as the 'Food and Agriculture Act of 1962'."

Short Title of 1958 Amendment

Pub. L. 85–835, §1, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 988, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 1344 note, 1378, 1431a, 1441 note, 1443, 1444, 1853 note, amending sections 1313, 1334, 1342, 1344, 1347, 1353, 1358, 1423, 1425, 1427, 1441, 1446, 1446a, 1782 to 1784, and repealing section 1301b of this title] may be cited as the 'Agricultural Act of 1958' ".

Short Title of 1956 Amendment

Act May 28, 1956, ch. 327, §1, 70 Stat. 188, provided: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Agricultural Act of 1956'."

Short Title of 1948 Amendment

Act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, 62 Stat. 1247, provided in part: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Agricultural Act of 1948'."

Separability

Pub. L. 87–703, title IV, §405, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 632, provided that: "If any provision of this Act [see Short Title of 1962 Amendment note above] is declared unconstitutional, or the applicability thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this Act and the applicability thereof to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby."

§1282. Declaration of policy

It is declared to be the policy of Congress to continue the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, as amended [16 U.S.C. 590a et seq.], for the purpose of conserving national resources, preventing the wasteful use of soil fertility, and of preserving, maintaining, and rebuilding the farm and ranch land resources in the national public interest; to accomplish these purposes through the encouragement of soil-building and soil-conserving crops and practices; to assist in the marketing of agricultural commodities for domestic consumption and for export; and to regulate interstate and foreign commerce in cotton, wheat, corn, and rice to the extent necessary to provide an orderly, adequate, and balanced flow of such commodities in interstate and foreign commerce through storage of reserve supplies, loans, marketing quotas, assisting farmers to obtain insofar as practicable, parity prices for such commodities and parity of income, and assisting consumers to obtain an adequate and steady supply of such commodities at fair prices.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, §2, 52 Stat. 31; Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §611(e), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1522.)

References in Text

The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, as amended, referred to in text, is act Apr. 27, 1935, ch. 85, 49 Stat. 163, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 3B (§590a et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 590q of Title 16 and Tables.

Amendments

2004—Pub. L. 108–357 struck out "tobacco," after "corn,".

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Savings Provision

Amendment by sections 611 to 614 of Pub. L. 108–357 not to affect the liability of any person under any provision of law so amended with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

Functions of Agricultural Adjustment Administration transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §501, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7877, 60 Stat. 1100. See note set out under section 610 of this title.

Soil Conservation Service and Agricultural Adjustment Administration consolidated with other agencies into Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Administration for duration of war, see Ex. Ord. No. 9069, Feb. 23, 1942, 7 F.R. 1409.

Functions of Soil Conservation Service in Department of Agriculture with respect to soil and moisture conservation operations conducted on lands under jurisdiction of Department of the Interior transferred to Department of the Interior, to be administered under direction and supervision of Secretary of the Interior through such agency or agencies in Department of the Interior as Secretary shall designate, by 1940 Reorg. Plan No. IV, §6, eff. June 30, 1940, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. See, also, sections 13 to 15 of said plan for provisions relating to transfer of functions of department heads, records, property, personnel, and funds.

Congressional Declaration of Policy Under Agricultural Act of 1961

Pub. L. 87–128, §2, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 294, provided that: "In order more fully and effectively to improve, maintain, and protect the prices and incomes of farmers, to enlarge rural purchasing power, to achieve a better balance between supplies of agricultural commodities and the requirements of consumers therefor, to preserve and strengthen the structure of agriculture, and to revitalize and stabilize the overall economy at reasonable costs to the Government, it is hereby declared to be the policy of Congress to—

"(a) afford farmers the opportunity to achieve parity of income with other economic groups by providing them with the means to develop and strengthen their bargaining power in the Nation's economy;

"(b) encourage a commodity-by-commodity approach in the solution of farm problems and provide the means for meeting varied and changing conditions peculiar to each commodity;

"(c) expand foreign trade in agricultural commodities with friendly nations, as defined in section 107 of Public Law 480, 83d Congress, as amended (7 U.S.C. 1707), and in no manner either subsidize the export, sell, or make available any subsidized agricultural commodity to any nations other than such friendly nations and thus make full use of our agricultural abundance;

"(d) utilize more effectively our agricultural productive capacity to improve the diets of the Nation's needy persons;

"(e) recognize the importance of the family farm as an efficient unit of production and as an economic base for towns and cities in rural areas and encourage, promote, and strengthen this form of farm enterprise;

"(f) facilitate and improve credit services to farmers by revising, expanding, and clarifying the laws relating to agricultural credit;

"(g) assure consumers of a continuous, adequate, and stable supply of food and fiber at fair and reasonable prices;

"(h) reduce the cost of farm programs, by preventing the accumulation of surpluses; and

"(i) use surplus farm commodities on hand as fully as practicable as an incentive to reduce production as may be necessary to bring supplies on hand and firm demand in balance."

Congressional Declaration of Policy for Year 1949

Act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title I, §1(d), 62 Stat. 1248, provided that: "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the Congress that the lending and purchase operations of the Department of Agriculture (other than those referred to in subsections (a), (b), and (c) hereof [subsections (a) and (b) are set out as notes under this section and subsection (c) is set out as a note under section 713a–8 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade]) shall be carried out until January 1, 1950, so as to bring the price and income of the producers of other agricultural commodities not covered by subsections (a), (b), and (c) to a fair parity relationship with the commodities included under subsections (a), (b), and (c), to the extent that funds for such operations are available after taking into account the operations with respect to the commodities covered by subsections (a), (b), and (c). In carrying out the provisions of this subsection the Secretary of Agriculture shall have the authority to require compliance with production goals and marketing regulations as a condition to eligibility of producers for price support."

Study of Parity Income Position of Farmers; Report to Congress by June 30, 1966

Pub. L. 89–321, title VII, §705, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1210, directed the Secretary of Agriculture to make a study of the parity income position of farmers, and report the results of such study to the Congress not later than June 30, 1966.

Price Stabilization During Year 1950

Act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title I, §1(a), (b), 62 Stat. 1247, 1248, as amended June 10, 1949, ch. 191, 63 Stat. 169, authorized the Secretary of Agriculture through any instrumentality or agency within or under the direction of the Department of Agriculture, by loans, purchases, or other operations to support prices received by producers of cotton, wheat, corn, tobacco, rice, and peanuts marketed before June 30, 1950 (Sept. 30, 1950, in the case of Maryland and the cigar-leaf types of tobacco), if producers had not disapproved marketing quotas for such commodity for the marketing year beginning in the calendar year in which the crop is harvested.

Act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title I, §2, 62 Stat. 1248, authorized the Secretary, from any funds available to the Department of Agriculture or any agency operating under its direction for price support operations or for the disposal of agricultural commodities, to use such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of section 1 of the Act (enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and amending provisions set out as a note under section 713a–8 of this title).

§1282a. Emergency supply of agricultural products

(a) Establishment of prices to insure orderly, adequate and steady supply of products

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Agriculture shall assist farmers, processors, and distributors in obtaining such prices for agricultural products that an orderly, adequate and steady supply of such products will exist for the consumers of this nation.

(b) Adjustments in maximum price of products subject to any price control or freeze order or regulation to increase supply

The President shall make appropriate adjustments in the maximum price which may be charged under the provisions of Executive Order 11723 (dated June 13, 1973) or any subsequent Executive Order for any agricultural products (at any point in the distribution chain) as to which the Secretary of Agriculture certifies to the President that the supply of the product will be reduced to unacceptably low levels as a result of any price control or freeze order or regulation and that alternative means for increasing the supply are not available.

(c) "Agricultural products" defined

Under this section, the term "agricultural products" shall include meat, poultry, vegetables, fruits and all other agricultural commodities in raw or processed form, except forestry products or fish or fishery products.

(d) Implementation of policies to encourage full production in periods of short supply at fair and reasonable prices

The Secretary of Agriculture is directed to implement policies under this Act which are designed to encourage American farmers to produce to their full capabilities during periods of short supply to assure American consumers with an adequate supply of food and fiber at fair and reasonable prices.

(Pub. L. 91–524, title VIII, §815, as added Pub. L. 93–86, §1(27)(B), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 240.)

References in Text

Executive Order 11723 (dated June 13, 1973), referred to in subsec. (b), was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11788, June 18, 1974, 39 F.R. 22113.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 91–524, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1358, known as the Agricultural Act of 1970. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1970 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agricultural Act of 1970 as added by the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

SUBCHAPTER I—ADJUSTMENT IN FREIGHT RATES, NEW USES AND MARKETS, AND DISPOSITION OF SURPLUSES

§1291. Adjustments in freight rates

(a) Complaints by Secretary of Agriculture; notice of hearings

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to make complaint to the Surface Transportation Board with respect to rates, charges, tariffs, and practices relating to the transportation of farm products, and to prosecute the same before the Board. Before hearing or disposing of any complaint (filed by any person other than the Secretary) with respect to rates, charges, tariffs, and practices relating to the transportation of farm products, the Board shall cause the Secretary to be notified, and, upon application by the Secretary, shall permit the Secretary to appear and be heard.

(b) Secretary as party to proceedings

If such rate, charge, tariff, or practice complained of is one affecting the public interest, upon application by the Secretary, the Board shall make the Secretary a party to the proceeding. In such case the Secretary shall have the rights of a party before the Board and the rights of a party to invoke and pursue original and appellate judicial proceedings involving the Board's determination. The liability of the Secretary in any such case shall extend only to liability for court costs.

(c) Utilization of records, services, etc., of Department of Agriculture

For the purposes of this section, the Surface Transportation Board is authorized to avail itself of the cooperation, records, services, and facilities of the Department of Agriculture.

(d) Cooperation with complaining farm associations

The Secretary is authorized to cooperate with and assist cooperative associations of farmers making complaint to the Surface Transportation Board with respect to rates, charges, tariffs, and practices relating to the transportation of farm products.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title II, §201, 52 Stat. 36; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, §311, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 948.)

Amendments

1995—Pub. L. 104–88 substituted "Surface Transportation Board" for "Interstate Commerce Commission" in subsecs. (a), (c), and (d), "Board" for "Commission" wherever appearing in subsecs. (a) and (b), and "Board's" for "Commission's" in subsec. (b).

Effective Date of 1995 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1301 of Title 49, Transportation.

§1292. New uses and markets for commodities

(a) Regional research laboratories

The Secretary is authorized and directed to establish, equip, and maintain four regional research laboratories, one in each major farm producing area, and, at such laboratories, to conduct researches into and to develop new scientific, chemical, and technical uses and new and extended markets and outlets for farm commodities and products and byproducts thereof. Such research and development shall be devoted primarily to those farm commodities in which there are regular or seasonal surpluses, and their products and byproducts.

(b) Acquisition of land for laboratories; donations

For the purposes of subsection (a), the Secretary is authorized to acquire land and interests therein, and to accept in the name of the United States donations of any property, real or personal, to any laboratory established pursuant to this section, and to utilize voluntary or uncompensated services at such laboratories. Donations to any one of such laboratories shall not be available for use by any other of such laboratories.

(c) Cooperation with governmental agencies, associations, etc.

In carrying out the purposes of subsection (a), the Secretary is authorized and directed to cooperate with other departments or agencies of the Federal Government, States, State agricultural experiment stations, and other State agencies and institutions, counties, municipalities, business or other organizations, corporations, associations, universities, scientific societies, and individuals, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe.

(d) Appropriation for purposes of subsection (a)

To carry out the purposes of subsection (a), the Secretary is authorized to utilize in each fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1938, a sum not to exceed $4,000,000 of the funds appropriated pursuant to section 1391 of this title, or section 590o of title 16, for such fiscal year. The Secretary shall allocate one-fourth of such sum annually to each of the four laboratories established pursuant to this section.

(e) Repealed. Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1076, §1(3), 68 Stat. 966

(f) Appropriation to Secretary of Commerce

There is allocated to the Secretary of Commerce for each fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1938, out of funds appropriated for such fiscal year pursuant to section 1391 of this title, or section 590o of title 16 the sum of $1,000,000 to be expended for the promotion of the sale of farm commodities and products thereof in such manner as he shall direct. Of the sum allocated under this subsection to the Secretary of Commerce for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1938, $100,000 shall be devoted to making a survey and investigation of the cause or causes of the reduction in exports of agricultural commodities from the United States, in order to ascertain methods by which the sales in foreign countries of basic agricultural commodities produced in the United States may be increased.

(g) Duty of Secretary

It shall be the duty of the Secretary to use available funds to stimulate and widen the use of all farm commodities in the United States and to increase in every practical way the flow of such commodities and the products thereof into the markets of the world.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title II, §202, 52 Stat. 37; Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1076, §1(3), 68 Stat. 966.)

Amendments

1954—Subsec. (e). Act Aug. 30, 1954, repealed subsec. (e) which required reports to Congress of the activities of, expenditures by, and donations to, the laboratories established pursuant to subsec. (a).

Wheat Research and Promotion Act

Pub. L. 91–430, Sept. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 885, provided:

"[Section 1. Short Title]. That this Act shall be known as the 'Wheat Research and Promotion Act.'

"Sec. 2 [Contract authority; sale of export marketing certificates and pro rata share of such certificates for financing agreements; rules and regulations]. The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to enter into agreements with organizations of wheat growers, farm organizations, and such other organizations as he may deem appropriate to carry out a program of research and promotion designed to expand domestic and foreign markets and increase utilization for United States wheat and to carry out any other such program which he deems will benefit wheat producers in the United States. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall use the total net proceeds from the sale of export marketing certificates during the marketing year ending June 30, 1969, to finance the cost of such agreements, except that he shall provide for the issuance of a pro rata share of export marketing certificates for such marketing year to any producer eligible therefor under section 379c of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [section 1379c of this title], who applies for such certificates not later than ninety days after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 26, 1970]. The Secretary is authorized to prescribe such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act."

§1293. Transferred

Codification

Section, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title II, §204, 52 Stat. 38, which provided for annual report of Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation, was transferred to section 713c–1 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

SUBCHAPTER II—LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES

Part A—Definitions, Loans, Parity Payments, and Consumer Safeguards

§1301. Definitions

(a) General definitions

For the purposes of this subchapter and the declaration of policy—

(1)(A) The "parity price" for any agricultural commodity, as of any date, shall be determined by multiplying the adjusted base price of such commodity as of such date by the parity index as of such date.

(B) The "adjusted base price" of any agricultural commodity, as of any date, shall be (i) the average of the prices received by farmers for such commodity, at such times as the Secretary may select during each year of the ten-year period ending on the 31st of December last before such date, or during each marketing season beginning in such period if the Secretary determines use of a calendar year basis to be impracticable, divided by (ii) the ratio of the general level of prices received by farmers for agricultural commodities during such period to the general level of prices received by farmers for agricultural commodities during the period January 1910 to December 1914, inclusive. As used in this subparagraph, the term "prices" shall include wartime subsidy payments made to producers under programs designed to maintain maximum prices established under the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942.

(C) The "parity index", as of any date, shall be the ratio of (i) the general level of prices for articles and services that farmers buy, wages paid hired farm labor, interest on farm indebtedness secured by farm real estate, and taxes on farm real estate, for the calendar month ending last before such date to (ii) the general level of such prices, wages, rates, and taxes during the period January 1910 to December 1914, inclusive.

(D) The prices and indices provided for herein, and the data used in computing them, shall be determined by the Secretary, whose determination shall be final.

(E) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the transitional parity price for any agricultural commodity, computed as provided in this subparagraph, shall be used as the parity price for such commodity until such date after January 1, 1950, as such transitional parity price may be lower than the parity price, computed as provided in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, for such commodity. The transitional parity price for any agricultural commodity as of any date shall be—

(i) its parity price determined in the manner used prior to the effective date of the Agricultural Act of 1948, less

(ii) 5 per centum of the parity price so determined multiplied by the number of full calendar years (not counting 1956 in the case of basic agricultural commodities) which, as of such date, have elapsed after January 1, 1949, in the case of non-basic agricultural commodities, and after January 1, 1955, in the case of the basic agricultural commodities.

(F) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraphs (A) and (E) of this paragraph, if the parity price for any agricultural commodity, computed as provided in subparagraphs (A) and (E) of this paragraph, appears to be seriously out of line with the parity prices of other agricultural commodities, the Secretary may, and upon the request of a substantial number of interested producers shall, hold public hearings to determine the proper relationship between the parity price of such commodity and the parity prices of other agricultural commodities. Within sixty days after commencing such hearing the Secretary shall complete such hearing, proclaim his findings as to whether the facts require a revision of the method of computing the parity price of such commodity, and put into effect any revision so found to be required.

(G) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, the parity price for any basic agricultural commodity, as of any date during the six-year period beginning January 1, 1950, shall not be less than its parity price computed in the manner used prior to October 31, 1949.

(2) "Parity", as applied to income, shall be that gross income from agriculture which will provide the farm operator and his family with a standard of living equivalent to those afforded persons dependent upon other gainful occupation. "Parity" as applied to income from any agricultural commodity for any year, shall be that gross income which bears the same relationship to parity income from agriculture for such year as the average gross income from such commodity for the preceding ten calendar years bears to the average gross income from agriculture for such ten calendar years.

(3) The term "interstate and foreign commerce" means sale, marketing, trade, and traffic between any State or Territory or the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico, and any place outside thereof; or between points within the same State or Territory or within the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico, through any place outside thereof; or within any Territory or within the District of Columbia or Puerto Rico.

(4) The term "affect interstate and foreign commerce" means, among other things, in such commerce, or to burden or obstruct such commerce or the free and orderly flow thereof; or to create or tend to create a surplus of any agricultural commodity which burdens or obstructs such commerce or the free and orderly flow thereof.

(5) The term "United States" means the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

(6) The term "State" includes a Territory and the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

(7) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture, and the term "Department" means the Department of Agriculture.

(8) The term "person" means an individual, partnership, firm, joint-stock company, corporation, association, trust, estate, or any agency of a State.

(9) The term "corn" means field corn.

(b) Definitions applicable to one or more commodities

For the purposes of this subchapter—

(1)(A) "Actual production" as applied to any acreage of corn means the number of bushels of corn which the local committee determines would be harvested as grain from such acreage if all the corn on such acreage were so harvested. In case of a disagreement between the farmer and the local committee as to the actual production of the acreage of corn on the farm, or in case the local committee determines that such actual production is substantially below normal, the local committee, in accordance with regulations of the Secretary, shall weigh representative samples of ear corn taken from the acreage involved, make proper deductions for moisture content, and determine the actual production of such acreage on the basis of such samples.

(B) "Actual production" of any number of acres of cotton, rice or peanuts on a farm means the actual average yield for the farm times such number of acres.

(2) "Bushel" means in the case of ear corn that amount of ear corn, including not to exceed 15½ per centum of moisture content, which weighs seventy pounds, and in the case of shelled corn, means that amount of shelled corn including not to exceed 15½ per centum of moisture content, which weighs fifty-six pounds.

(3)(A) "Carry-over", in the case of corn, rice, and peanuts for any marketing year shall be the quantity of the commodity on hand in the United States at the beginning of such marketing year, not including any quantity which was produced in the United States during the calendar year then current.

(B) "Carry-over" of cotton for any marketing year shall be the quantity of cotton on hand in the United States at the beginning of such marketing year, not including any part of the crop which was produced in the United States during the calendar year then current.

(C) "Carry-over" of wheat, for any marketing year shall be the quantity of wheat on hand in the United States at the beginning of such marketing year, not including any wheat which was produced in the United States during the calendar year then current, and not including any wheat held by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation under the Federal Crop Insurance Act [7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.].

(4)(A) "Commercial corn-producing area" shall include all counties in which the average production of corn (excluding corn used as silage) during the ten calendar years immediately preceding the calendar year for which such area is determined, after adjustment for abnormal weather conditions, is four hundred and fifty bushels or more per farm and four bushels or more for each acre of farm land in the county.

(B) Whenever prior to February 1 of any calendar year the Secretary has reason to believe that any county which is not included in the commercial corn-producing area determined pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (A) of this subsection, but which borders upon one of the counties in such area, or that any minor civil division in a county bordering on such area, is producing (excluding corn used for silage) an average of at least four hundred and fifty bushels of corn per farm and an average of at least four bushels for each acre of farm land in the county or in the minor civil division, as the case may be, he shall cause immediate investigation to be made to determine such fact. If, upon the basis of such investigation, the Secretary finds that such county or minor civil division is likely to produce corn in such average amounts during such calendar year, he shall proclaim such determination and, commencing with such calendar year, such county shall be included in the commercial corn-producing area. In the case of a county included in the commercial corn-producing area pursuant to this subparagraph, whenever prior to February 1 of any calendar year the Secretary has reason to believe that facts justifying the inclusion of such county are not likely to exist in such calendar year, he shall cause an immediate investigation to be made with respect thereto. If, upon the basis of such investigation, the Secretary finds that such facts are not likely to exist in such calendar year, he shall proclaim such determination, and commencing with such calendar year, such county shall be excluded from the commercial corn-producing area.

(5) "Farm consumption" of corn means consumption by the farmer's family, employees, or household, or by his work stock; or consumption by poultry or livestock on his farm if such poultry or livestock, or the products thereof, are consumed or to be consumed by the farmer's family, employees, or household.

(6)(A) "Market", in the case of corn, cotton, rice, and wheat, means to dispose of, in raw or processed form, by voluntary or involuntary sale, barter, or exchange, or by gift inter vivos, and, in the case of corn and wheat, by feeding (in any form) to poultry or livestock which, or the products of which, are sold, bartered, or exchanged, or to be so disposed of, but does not include disposing of any such commodities as premium to the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation under the Federal Crop Insurance Act [7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.].

(B) "Marketed", "marketing", and "for market" shall have corresponding meanings to the term "market" in the connection in which they are used.

(C) "Market", in the case of peanuts, means to dispose of peanuts, including farmers' stock peanuts, shelled peanuts, cleaned peanuts, or peanuts in processed form, by voluntary or involuntary sale, barter, or exchange, or by gift inter vivos.

(7) "Marketing year" means, in the case of the following commodities, the period beginning on the first and ending with the second date specified below:

Corn, September 1–August 31;

Cotton, August 1–July 31;

Rice, August 1–July 31;

Tobacco (flue-cured), July 1–June 30;

Tobacco (other than flue-cured), October 1–September 30;

Wheat, June 1–May 31.

(8)(A) "National average yield" as applied to cotton or wheat shall be the national average yield per acre of the commodity during the ten calendar years in the case of wheat, and during the five calendar years in the case of cotton, preceding the year in which such national average yield is used in any computation authorized in this subchapter, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions and, in the case of wheat, but not in the case of cotton, for trends in yields.

(B) "Projected national yield" as applied to any crop of wheat shall be determined on the basis of the national yield per harvested acre of the commodity during each of the five calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such projected national yield is determined, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions affecting such yield, for trends in yields and for any significant changes in production practices.

(9) "Normal production" as applied to any number of acres of corn or rice means the normal yield for the farm times such number of acres. "Normal production" as applied to any number of acres of cotton or wheat means the projected farm yield times such number of acres.

(10)(A) "Normal supply" in the case of corn, rice, wheat, and peanuts for any marketing year shall be (i) the estimated domestic consumption of the commodity for the marketing year ending immediately prior to the marketing year for which normal supply is being determined, plus (ii) the estimated exports of the commodity for the marketing year for which normal supply is being determined, plus (iii) an allowance for carry-over. The allowance for carry-over shall be the following percentage of the sum of the consumption and exports used in computing normal supply: 15 per centum in the case of corn; 10 per centum in the case of rice; 20 per centum in the case of wheat; and 15 per centum in the case of peanuts. In determining normal supply the Secretary shall make such adjustments for current trends in consumption and for unusual conditions as he may deem necessary.

(B) The "normal supply" of cotton for any marketing year shall be the estimated domestic consumption of cotton for the marketing year for which such normal supply is being determined, plus the estimated exports of cotton for such marketing year, plus, 30 per centum of the sum of such consumption and exports as an allowance for carry-over.

(11)(A) "Normal year's domestic consumption", in the case of corn and wheat, shall be the yearly average quantity of the commodity, wherever produced, that was cosumed ¹ in the United States during the ten marketing years immediately preceding the marketing year in which such consumption is determined, adjusted for current trends in such consumption.

(B) "Normal year's domestic consumption", in the case of cotton, shall be the yearly average quantity of the commodity produced in the United States that was consumed in the United States during the ten marketing years immediately preceding the marketing year in which such consumption is determined, adjusted for current trends in such consumption.

(C) "Normal year's domestic consumption", in the case of rice, shall be the yearly average quantity of rice produced in the United States that was consumed in the United States during the five marketing years immediately preceding the marketing year in which such consumption is determined, adjusted for current trends in such consumption.

(12) "Normal year's exports" in the case of corn, cotton, rice, and wheat shall be the yearly average quantity of the commodity produced in the United States that was exported from the United States during the ten marketing years (or, in the case of rice, the five marketing years) immediately preceding the marketing year in which such exports are determined, adjusted for current trends in such exports.

(13)(A) Repealed. Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §320(1), Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 625.

(B) "Normal yield" for any county, in the case of peanuts, shall be the average yield per acre of peanuts for the county, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions, during the five calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such normal yield is determined. For 1942, the normal yield for any county, in the case of peanuts, shall be the average yield per acre for peanuts for the county, adjusted for abnormal conditions, during the years 1936–1940, inclusive, except that for any county in which the years 1935–1939, inclusive, are equally as representative, such period may be used in determining the normal yields for counties in the State.

(C) In applying subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph, if for any such year the data are not available, or there is no actual yield, an appraised yield for such year, determined in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary, shall be used as the actual yield for such year. In applying such subparagraphs, if, on account of drought, flood, insect pests, plant disease, or other uncontrollable natural cause, the yield in any year of such ten-year period or five-year period, as the case may be, is less than 75 per centum of the average (computed without regard to such year) such year shall be eliminated in calculating the normal yield per acre.

(D) "Normal yield" for any county, in the case of rice and wheat, shall be the average yield per acre of rice or wheat, as the case may be, for the county during the five calendar years immediately preceding the year for which such normal yield is determined in the case of rice, or during the five years immediately preceding the year in which such normal yield is determined in the case of wheat, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions and for trends in yields. If for any such year data are not available, or there is no actual yield, an appraised yield for such year, determined in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary, taking into consideration the yields obtained in surrounding counties during such year and the yield in years for which data are available, shall be used as the actual yield for such year.

(E) "Normal yield" for any farm, in the case of rice and wheat, shall be the average yield per acre of rice or wheat, as the case may be, for the farm during the five calendar years immediately preceding the year for which such normal yield is determined in the case of rice, or during the five years immediately preceding the year in which such normal yield is determined in the case of wheat, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions and for trends in yields. If for any such year the data are not available or there is no actual yield, then the normal yield for the farm shall be appraised in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary, taking into consideration abnormal weather conditions, trends in yields, the normal yield for the county, the yields obtained on adjacent farms during such year and the yield in years for which data are available.

(F) In applying subparagraphs (D) and (E) of this paragraph, if on account of drought, flood, insect pests, plant disease, or other uncontrollable natural cause, the yield for any year of such five-year period is less than 75 per centum of the average, 75 per centum of such average shall be substituted therefor in calculating the normal yield per acre. If, on account of abnormally favorable weather conditions, the yield for any year of such five-year period is in excess of 125 per centum of the average, 125 per centum of such average shall be substituted therefor in calculating the normal yield per acre.

(G) "Normal yield" for any farm, in the case of corn or peanuts, shall be the average yield per acre of corn or peanuts, as the case may be, for the farm, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions, during the five calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such normal yield is determined. For 1942, the normal yield for any farm, in the case of peanuts, shall be the average yield per acre of peanuts for the farm, adjusted for abnormal conditions, during the years 1936–1940, inclusive, except that for any county in which the years 1935–1939, inclusive, are equally as representative, such period may be used in determining normal yields for farms in the county. If for any such year the data are not available or there is no actual yield, then the normal yield for the farm shall be appraised in accordance with regulations of the Secretary, taking into consideration abnormal weather conditions, the normal yield for the county, and the yield in years for which data are available.

(H) "Normal yield" for any county, for any crop of cotton, shall be the average yield per acre of cotton for the county, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions and any significant changes in production practices during the five calendar years immediately preceding the year in which the national marketing quota for such crop is proclaimed. If for any such year the data are not available, or there is no actual yield, an appraised yield for such year, determined in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary, shall be used as the actual yield for such year.

(I) "Normal yield" for any farm, for any crop of cotton, shall be the average yield per acre of cotton for the farm, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions and any significant changes in production practices during the three calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such normal yield is determined. If for any such year the data are not available, or there is no actual yield, then the normal yield for the farm shall be appraised in accordance with regulations of the Secretary, taking into consideration abnormal weather conditions, the normal yield for the county, changes in production practices, and the yield in years for which data are available.

(J) "Projected county yield" for any crop of wheat shall be determined on the basis of the yield per harvested acre of such commodity in the county during each of the five calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such projected county yield is determined, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions affecting such yield, for trends in yields and for any significant changes in production practices.

(K) "Projected farm yield" for any crop of wheat shall be determined on the basis of the yield per harvested acre of such commodity on the farm during each of the three calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such projected farm yield is determined, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions affecting such yield, for trends in yields and for any significant changes in production practices, but in no event shall such projected farm yield be less than the normal yield for such farm as provided in subparagraph (E) of this paragraph.

(L) "Projected national, State, and county yields" for any crop of cotton shall be determined on the basis of the yield per harvested acre of such crop in the United States, the State and the county, respectively, during each of the five calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such projected yield for the United States, the State, and the county, respectively, is determined, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions affecting such yield, for trends in yields, and for any significant changes in production practices.

(M) "Projected farm yield" for any crop of cotton shall be determined on the basis of the yield per harvested acre of such crop on the farm during each of the three calendar years immediately preceding the year in which such projected farm yield is determined, adjusted for abnormal weather conditions affecting such yield, for trends in yields, and for any significant changes in production practices, but in no event shall such projected farm yield be less than the normal yield for such farm as provided in subparagraph (I) of this paragraph.

(14) "Reserve supply level", in the case of corn, shall be a normal year's domestic consumption and exports of corn plus 10 per centum of a normal year's domestic consumption and exports, to insure a supply adequate to meet domestic consumption and export needs in years of drought, flood, or other adverse conditions, as well as in years of plenty.

(15)(A) "Total supply" of wheat, corn, rice, and peanuts for any marketing year shall be the carry-over of the commodity for such marketing year, plus the estimated production of the commodity in the United States during the calendar year in which such marketing year begins and the estimated imports of the commodity into the United States during such marketing year.

(B) "Total supply" of cotton for any marketing year shall be the carry-over at the beginning of such marketing year, plus the estimated production of cotton in the United States during the calendar year in which such marketing year begins and the estimated imports of cotton into the United States during such marketing year.

(c) Use of Federal statistics

The latest available statistics of the Federal Government shall be used by the Secretary in making the determinations required to be made by the Secretary under this chapter.

(d) Exclusion of stocks of certain commodities

In making any determination under this chapter or under the Agricultural Act of 1949 [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.] with respect to the carryover of any agricultural commodity, the Secretary shall exclude from such determination the stocks of any commodity acquired pursuant to, or under the authority of, the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (60 Stat. 596) [50 U.S.C. 98 et seq.].

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §301, 52 Stat. 38; Apr. 7, 1938, ch. 107, §§2–4, 52 Stat. 202; June 13, 1940, ch. 360, §1, 54 Stat. 392; July 2, 1940, ch. 521, §§3–5, 54 Stat. 727, 728; Nov. 22, 1940, ch. 914, §§1, 3, 4, 54 Stat. 1209, 1210; Nov. 25, 1940, ch. 917, 54 Stat. 1211; Apr. 3, 1941, ch. 39, §§2, 3, 55 Stat. 91, 92; July 9, 1942, ch. 497, §1(4), (5), 56 Stat. 654; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §201(a), (b), (d), (e), 62 Stat. 1250; Aug. 29, 1949, ch. 518, §2(a), 63 Stat. 675; Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §§409(a)–(d), 415(c)–(e), 418(b), (c), 63 Stat. 1056–1058, 1062; July 8, 1952, ch. 587, 66 Stat. 442; July 17, 1952, ch. 933, §1, 66 Stat. 758; July 14, 1953, ch. 194, §6, 67 Stat. 152; Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §§301, 302, 68 Stat. 902; May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §502, title VI, §602, 70 Stat. 212, 213; Pub. L. 85–92, §1, July 10, 1957, 71 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §320, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 625; Pub. L. 88–297, title I, §106(5)–(7), Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 177; Pub. L. 89–321, title IV, §403, title V, §§509, 511(a), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1197, 1204, 1205; Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §405(b), Nov. 30, 1970, as added Pub. L. 93–86, §1(12)(a), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229; Pub. L. 94–61, §1, July 25, 1975, 89 Stat. 302; Pub. L. 97–218, title III, §303(a), July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1020, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1459; Pub. L. 99–272, title I, §1103(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 85; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1610, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 218; Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §611(f), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1522.)

References in Text

The Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B), was act Jan. 30, 1942, ch. 26, 56 Stat. 23, which was classified to section 901 et seq. of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, and which terminated June 30, 1947.

For effective date of the Agricultural Act of 1948, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(E)(i), see Effective Date of 1948 Amendment note set out under section 624 of this title with reference to title I of said act, and Effective Date of 1948 Amendment note set out below with reference to titles II and III of said Act.

The Federal Crop Insurance Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(3)(C), (6)(A), is subtitle A of title V of act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 72, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§1501 et seq.) of chapter 36 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1501 of this title and Tables.

The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (d), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§1421 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

The Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is act June 7, 1939, ch. 190, as revised generally by Pub. L. 96–41, §2, July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 319, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§98 et seq.) of chapter 5 of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 98 of Title 50 and Tables.

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (b)(3)(C), (D). Pub. L. 108–357, §611(f)(1), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which defined "carry-over" of tobacco for any marketing year.

Subsec. (b)(6)(A). Pub. L. 108–357, §611(f)(2), struck out "tobacco," after "rice,".

Subsec. (b)(10)(B), (C). Pub. L. 108–357, §611(f)(3), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which defined "normal supply" in the case of tobacco.

Subsec. (b)(11)(B). Pub. L. 108–357, §611(f)(4), struck out "and tobacco" after "cotton".

Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 108–357, §611(f)(5), struck out "tobacco," after "rice,".

Subsec. (b)(14). Pub. L. 108–357, §611(f)(6), struck out "(A)" after "(14)" and subpars. (B) to (D) which defined "reserve supply level" of tobacco, "reserve stock level" in the case of Flue-cured tobacco, and "reserve stock level" in the case of Burley tobacco.

Subsec. (b)(15). Pub. L. 108–357, §611(f)(7), (10), redesignated par. (16) as (15) and struck out former par. (15) which defined "tobacco" and "kind of tobacco".

Subsec. (b)(16). Pub. L. 108–357, §611(f)(10), redesignated par. (16) as (15).

Subsec. (b)(16)(B), (C). Pub. L. 108–357, §611(f)(8), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which defined "total supply" of tobacco for any marketing year.

Subsec. (b)(17). Pub. L. 108–357, §611(f)(9), struck out par. (17) which defined "domestic manufacturer of cigarettes".

2002—Subsec. (b)(14)(C). Pub. L. 107–171 substituted "60,000,000" for "100,000,000" in cl. (i) and "10 percent" for "15 percent" in cl. (ii).

1986—Subsec. (b)(14)(C), (D). Pub. L. 99–272, §1103(a)(1), added subpars. (C) and (D).

Subsec. (b)(17). Pub. L. 99–272, §1103(a)(2), added par. (17).

1985—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 99–198 substituted "Corn, September 1–August 31" for "Corn, October 1–September 30".

1982—Subsec. (b)(15). Pub. L. 97–218 inserted proviso that for purposes of section 1314e of this title, types 22 and 23, fire-cured tobacco shall be treated as one "kind of tobacco".

1975—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 94–61 substituted "Wheat, June 1–May 31" for "Wheat, July 1–June 30".

1973—Subsec. (b)(13)(K). Pub. L, 91–524, §405(b), as added by Pub. L. 93–86, temporarily inserted "(five calendar years in the case of wheat)" after "three calendar years". See Effective and Termination Dates of 1973 Amendment note below.

1965—Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 89–321, §509(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 89–321, §511(a), struck out "cotton" and "wheat" in first sentence, and inserted definition of normal production when applied to any number of acres of cotton or wheat.

Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 89–321, §§403, 509(2), added subpars. (J), (K), (L), and (M).

1964—Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 88–297, §106(5)–(7), struck out "cotton or" before "peanuts" in subpar. (B) in two places, struck out ", cotton," after "corn" in subpar. (G) in two places, and added subpars. (H) and (I), respectively.

1962—Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 87–703 struck out par. (A) which defined "normal yield" for any county in the case of corn or wheat; inserted in pars. (D) and (E) "and wheat" after "in the case of rice", "or wheat, as the case may be," after "per acre of rice", and "in the case of rice, or during the five years immediately preceding the year in which such normal yield is determined in the case of wheat" after "determined"; and struck out from par. (G) "wheat," after "corn," in two places, "and, in the case of wheat, but not in the case of corn, cotton, or peanuts, for trends in yields" after "abnormal weather conditions", "ten calendar years in the case of wheat, and" before "five calendar years" and "in the case of corn, cotton, or peanuts" after "five calendar years".

1957—Subsec. (b)(15). Pub. L. 85–92 inserted proviso relating to treatment of type 21 fire-cured tobacco as a "kind of tobacco".

1956—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Act May 28, 1956, §602, inserted "(not counting 1956 in the case of basic agricultural commodities)" after "full calendar years".

Subsec. (b)(13). Act May 28, 1956, §502, limited determination of normal yield provided for in subpar. (D) only to counties and authorized adjustments for abnormal weather conditions and for trends in yields, added subpars. (E) and (F), and redesignated subpar. (E) as (G).

1954—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Act Aug. 28, 1954, §301, changed definition of "transitional parity price" as applied to basic agricultural commodities so as to make it "old parity" less 5 per centum for each full year elapsed since Jan. 1, 1955, instead of Jan. 1, 1949.

Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 28, 1954, §302, increased carryover allowance from 10 per centum to 15 per centum in case of corn and from 15 per centum to 20 per centum in case of wheat in subpar. (10)(A), and provided for computing county and farm "normal yields" on the basis of 5-year yields instead of 10-year yields in case of corn in subpars. (13)(A) and (13)(E).

1953—Subsec. (d). Act July 14, 1953, added subsec. (d).

1952—Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Act July 17, 1952, extended dual parity provisions for two years.

Subsec. (b)(3)(C), (16)(B). Act July 8, 1952, provided for computation of carry-over as of Jan. 1st, following the beginning of the marketing year instead of Oct. 1st the beginning of the marketing year.

1949—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Act Oct. 31, 1949, §409(a), inserted last sentence.

Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Act Oct. 31, 1949, §409(b), inserted ", wages paid hired farm labor" after "buy" and ", wages" after "such prices".

Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Act Oct. 31, 1949, §409(c), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Act Oct. 31, 1949, §418(b), included the actual production of rice.

Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Act Oct. 31, 1949, §415(e), repealed amendatory provisions of act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §201(c), 62 Stat. 1250.

Act Aug. 29, 1949, §2(a)(1), changed definition of "carry-over" of cotton by excluding United States cotton on hand outside the United States.

Subsec. (b)(9). Act Oct. 31, 1949, §418(c), included normal production of rice.

Subsec. (b)(10(A). Act Oct. 31, 1949, §409(d), increased from 7 per centum to 10 per centum the carryover allowance for corn.

Act Aug. 29, 1949, §2(a)(2), made provision inapplicable to cotton.

Subsec. (b)(10)(C). Act Aug. 29, 1949, §2(a)(2), added subpar. (C) which was also reenacted by act Oct. 31, 1949, §415(c).

Subsec. (b)(16)(A). Act Oct. 31, 1949, §415(d), struck out "cotton," after "corn,".

Act Aug. 29, 1949, §2(a)(3), made provision inapplicable to cotton.

Subsec. (b)(16)(C). Act Aug. 29, 1949, §2(a)(3), added subpar. (C) which was also reenacted by act Oct. 31, 1949, §415(d).

1948—Subsec. (a). Act July 3, 1948, §201(a), struck out paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserted new paragraphs (1) and (2) to change the method of computing parity prices to give recognition to changes in relationships among the prices of agricultural commodities themselves which have occurred since the base period 1910 to 1914, and redefined "parity".

Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Act July 3, 1948, §201(b), redefined "carry-over" in the case of corn, rice, and peanuts.

Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Act July 3, 1948, §201(c), redefined "carry-over" in the case of cotton.

Subsec. (b)(10). Act July 3, 1948, §201(d), redefined "normal supply".

Subsec. (b)(16). Act July 3, 1948, §201(e), redefined "total supply".

1942—Subsec. (b)(13)(B). Act July 9, 1942, §1(4), inserted "or peanuts" after "cotton" wherever appearing, and added a new sentence reading "For 1942, the normal yield for any county, in the case of peanuts, shall be the average yield per acre for peanuts for the county, adjusted for abnormal conditions, during the years 1936–1940, inclusive, except that for any county in which the years 1935–1939, inclusive, are equally as representative, such period may be used in determining the normal yields for counties in the State".

Subsec. (b)(13)(E). Act July 9, 1942, §1(5), struck out "or" after "wheat" and before "cotton" wherever appearing, inserted "or peanuts" after "cotton" wherever appearing, and inserted after first sentence "For 1942, the normal yield for any farm, in the case of peanuts, shall be the average yield per acre of peanuts for the farm, adjusted for abnormal conditions, during the years 1936–1940, inclusive, except that for any county in which the years 1935–1939, inclusive, are equally as representative, such period may be used in determining normal yields for farms in the county".

1941—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Act April 3, 1941, §2, inserted "or peanuts" after "cotton".

Subsec. (b)(6)(C). Act Apr. 3, 1941, §3, added subpar. (C).

1940—Subsec. (a)(1). Act Nov. 22, 1940, §3, inserted "and, in the case of Burley and flue-cured tobacco, shall be the period August 1934 to July 1939; except that the August 1919–July 1929 base period shall be used in allocating any funds appropriated prior to September 1, 1940" after "July, 1929" in last sentence.

Subsec. (b)(3)(C). Act June 13, 1940, inserted exception.

Former subsec. (b)(6)(C), (D) were omitted in amendment to subsec. (b)(6) by act July 2, 1940.

Subsec. (b)(13)(A). Act July 2, 1940, §4, among other changes inserted "or wheat" after "corn" wherever appearing and substituted "county" for "farm" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b)(13)(B). Act July 2, 1940, §5, among other changes, struck out "wheat or" before "cotton" and "and, in the case of wheat but not in the case of cotton, for trends in yields, during the ten calendar years in the case of wheat, and" after "weather conditions".

Subsec. (b)(13)(E). Act Nov. 25, 1940, in first sentence substituted "in which such normal yield is determined" for "with respect to such normal yield is used in any computation authorized under this title".

Subsec. (b)(15). Act Nov. 22, 1940, §§1, 4, among other changes substituted "Fire-cured tobacco comprising types 21, 22, 23, and 24; Dark air-cured tobacco comprising types 35 and 36" for "Fire-cured and dark air cured tobacco comprising types 21, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, and 37" and inserted proviso at end of last sentence.

1938—Subsec. (b)(13). Act Apr. 7, 1938, substituted "county" for "farm" in subpars. (A) and (B) and added subpar. (E).

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Effective Date of 1975 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–61, §2, July 25, 1975, 89 Stat. 302, provided that: "The amendment made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall become effective June 1, 1975".

Effective and Termination Dates of 1973 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §405(b), as added by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(12)(a), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 91–524 is effective with respect to the 1974 through 1977 crops.

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §511(a), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1205, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective beginning with the crop planted for harvest in 1966.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §323, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 626, provided that: "The amendments to the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended, and to Public Law 74, Seventy-seventh Congress, as amended, made by sections 310 through 322 of this Act [enacting sections 1334b and 1339 of this title, amending this section and sections 1331 to 1336, 1340, 1371 and 1385 of this title, and repealing section 1337 of this title] shall be in effect only with respect to programs applicable to the crops planted for harvest in the calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and the marketing years beginning in the calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year".

Effective Date of 1949 Amendment

Act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §415(a), (b), 63 Stat. 1057, provided that:

"(a) Except as modified by this Act or by Public Law 272 [see Tables for classification], Eighty-first Congress, sections 201(b), 201(d), 201(e), 203, 207(a), and 208 of the Agricultural Act of 1948 [amending this section and sections 1312, 1322, and 1328 of this title] shall be effective for the purpose of taking any action with respect to the 1950 and subsequent crops upon the enactment of this Act [Oct. 31, 1949]. If the time within which any such action is required to be taken shall have elapsed prior to the enactment of this Act, such action shall be taken within thirty days after the enactment of the Act.

"(b) No provision of the Agricultural Act of 1948 shall be deemed to supersede any provision of Public Law 272, Eighty-first Congress."

Effective Date of 1948 Amendment

Act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title III, §303, 62 Stat. 1259, provided that: "Titles II and III of this Act [amending this section and sections 602, 608c, 612c, 672, 1301a, 1302, 1312, 1322, 1328, 1333, 1335, 1336, 1343, 1345, 1355, and 1385 of this title and repealing sections 608e and 1322a of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 1950."

Savings Provision

Amendment by sections 611 to 614 of Pub. L. 108–357 not to affect the liability of any person under any provision of law so amended with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

Administration of program of Federal Crop Insurance Corporation transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §501, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7877, 60 Stat. 1100, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Functions of Bureau of Agricultural Economics transferred to other units of Department of Agriculture under Secretary's memorandum 1320, supp. 4, of Nov. 2, 1953.

Rulemaking Procedures

Pub. L. 99–272, title I, §1108(c), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 95, provided that: "The Secretary of Agriculture shall implement sections 1102 through 1109, and the amendments made by such sections [enacting sections 1314g, 1314h, and 1445–3 of this title, amending this section and sections 1312, 1314c, 1314e, 1372, 1445, 1445–1, and 1445–2 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1314c, 1314e, 1314g, 1314h, 1372, 1445, 1445–1, and 1445–2 of this title], without regard to the provisions requiring notice and other procedures for public participation in rulemaking contained in section 553 of title 5, United States Code, or in any directive of the Secretary."

Study of Methods of Improving Parity Formula

Act May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title VI, §602, 70 Stat. 213, required the Secretary to make a thorough study of the possible methods of improving the parity formula and report thereon, with specific recommendations, including drafts of necessary legislation to carry out such recommendations, to Congress not later than Jan. 31, 1957.

¹ So in original. Probably should be "consumed".

§1301a. References to parity prices, etc., in other laws after January 1, 1950

All references in other laws to—

(1) parity,

(2) parity prices,

(3) prices comparable to parity prices, or

(4) prices to be determined in the same manner as provided by the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 [7 U.S.C. 1281 et seq.] prior to its amendment by this Act for the determination of parity prices,

with respect to prices for agricultural commodities and products thereof, shall hereafter be deemed to refer to parity prices as determined in accordance with the provisions of section 301(a)(1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 [7 U.S.C. 1301(a)(1)], as amended by this Act.

(July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title III, §302(f), 62 Stat. 1258.)

References in Text

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in par. (4), is act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1281 of this title and Tables.

This Act, referred to in par. (4) and concluding provisions, is act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, 62 Stat. 1247, known as the Agricultural Act of 1948, titles II and III of which became effective Jan. 1, 1950. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1948 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agricultural Act of 1948, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1950, see section 303 of act July 3, 1948, set out as an Effective Date of 1948 Amendment note under section 1301 of this title.

§1301b. Repealed. Pub. L. 85–835, title I, §108, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 993

Section, act Aug. 29, 1949, ch. 518, §3(a), 63 Stat. 676, prescribed standard cotton grade for parity and price support purposes.

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 85–835, title I, §108, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 993, provided in part that: "This section [amending section 1423 of this title and repealing this section] shall become effective with the 1961 crop."

§1302. Repealed. Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §414, 63 Stat. 1057

Section, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §302, 52 Stat. 43; June 21, 1938, ch. 554, title V, §502, 52 Stat. 820; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §202(a), 62 Stat. 1252, related to price support of agricultural commodities.

§1303. Parity payments

If and when appropriations are made therefor, the Secretary is authorized and directed to make payments to producers of corn, wheat, cotton, or rice, on their normal production of such commodities in amounts which, together with the proceeds thereof, will provide a return to such producers which is as nearly equal to parity price as the funds so made available will permit. All funds available for such payments with respect to these commodities shall unless otherwise provided by law, be apportioned to these commodities in proportion to the amount by which each fails to reach the parity income. Such payments shall be in addition to and not in substitution for any other payments authorized by law.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §303, 52 Stat. 45; Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §611(g), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1522.)

Amendments

2004—Pub. L. 108–357 substituted "or rice," for "rice, or tobacco,".

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Savings Provision

Amendment by sections 611 to 614 of Pub. L. 108–357 not to affect the liability of any person under any provision of law so amended with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title.

§1304. Consumer safeguards

The powers conferred under this chapter shall not be used to discourage the production of supplies of foods and fibers sufficient to maintain normal domestic human consumption as determined by the Secretary from the records of domestic human consumption in the years 1920 to 1929, inclusive, taking into consideration increased population quantities of any commodity that were forced into domestic consumption by decline in exports during such period, current trends in domestic consumption and exports of particular commodities, and the quantities of substitutes available for domestic consumption within any general class of food commodities. In carrying out the purposes of this chapter it shall be the duty of the Secretary to give due regard to the maintenance of a continuous and stable supply of agricultural commodities from domestic production adequate to meet consumer demand at prices fair to both producers and consumers.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §304, 52 Stat. 45.)

§1305. Transfer of acreage allotments or feed grain bases on public lands upon request of State agencies

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary, upon the request of any agency of any State charged with the administration of the public lands of the State, may permit the transfer of acreage allotments or feed grain bases together with relevant production histories which have been determined pursuant to the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [7 U.S.C. 1281 et seq.], or section 590p of title 16, from any farm composed of public lands to any other farm or farms in the same county composed of public lands: Provided, That as a condition for the transfer of any allotment or base an acreage equal to or greater than the allotment or base transferred prior to adjustment, if any, shall be devoted to and maintained in permanent vegetative cover on the farm from which the transfer is made. The Secretary shall prescribe regulations which he deems necessary for the administration of this section, which may provide for adjusting downward the size of the allotment or base transferred if the farm to which the allotment or base is transferred normally has a higher yield per acre for the commodity for which the allotment or base is determined, for reasonable limitations on the size of the resulting allotments and bases on farms to which transfers are made, taking into account the size of the allotments and bases on farms of similar size in the community, and for retransferring allotments or bases and relevant histories if the conditions of the transfers are not fulfilled.

(Pub. L. 89–321, title VII, §706, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1210; Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §405(a), formerly §405, title VI, §606, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, 1378, renumbered §405(a) and amended Pub. L. 93–86, §1(12)(a), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229.)

References in Text

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in text, is act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1965, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1973—Pub. L. 93–86 amended Pub. L. 91–524. See 1970 Amendment notes below.

1970—Pub. L. 91–524, §606, temporarily inserted at end "The term 'acreage allotments' as used in this section includes the farm base acreage allotments for upland cotton." See Effective and Termination Dates of 1970 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 91–524, §405(2), which temporarily inserted at end "The term 'acreage allotments' as used in this section includes the domestic allotment for wheat.", was repealed by Pub. L. 93–86.

Pub. L. 91–524, §405(a), formerly §405, as renumbered and amended by Pub. L. 93–86, temporarily inserted "or the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended," after "title 16,". See Effective and Termination Dates of 1970 Amendment note below.

Effective Date of 1973 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–86, §1(12)(a), Aug. 10, 1978, 87 Stat. 229, provided that the repeal of section 405(2) of Pub. L. 91–524 is effective with the 1974 crop.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1970 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §405(a), formerly §405, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, as renumbered and amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(12)(a), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that the amendment made by section 405(a) of Pub. L. 91–524 is effective only with respect to the 1971 through 1977 crops of wheat.

Pub. L. 91–524, title VI, §606, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1378, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(22), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 235, provided that the amendment made by section 606 of Pub. L. 91–524 is effective only with respect to the 1971 through 1977 crops.

§1306. Projected yields; determination; base period

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the determination of farm yields the Secretary may use projected yields in lieu of normal yields. In the determination of such yields the Secretary shall take into account the actual yield proved by the producer for the base period used in determining the projected yield, and the projected yield shall not be less than such actual yield proved by the producer.

(Pub. L. 89–321, title VII, §708, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1211; Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §405(b), as added Pub. L. 93–86, §1(12)(a), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1965, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1973—Pub. L. 91–524, §405(b), as added by Pub. L. 93–86, temporarily inserted "(except that in the case of wheat, if the yield is abnormally low in any one of the calendar years of the base period because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, the Secretary shall take into account the actual yield proved by the producer in the other four years of such base period)" after "determining the projected yield". See Effective and Termination Dates of 1973 Amendment note below.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1973 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §405(b), as added by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(12)(a), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 91–524 is effective with respect to the 1974 through 1977 crops.

§1307. Limitation on payments under wheat, feed grains, and cotton programs for 1974 through 1977 crops

Notwithstanding any other provision of law—

(1) The total amount of payments which a person shall be entitled to receive under one or more of the annual programs established by titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1974 through 1976 crops of the commodities and by titles IV and V of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 and titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1977 crop of the commodities shall not exceed $20,000.

(2) The term "payments" as used in this section shall not include loans or purchases, or any part of any payment which is determined by the Secretary to represent compensation for resource adjustment or public access for recreation.

(3) If the Secretary determines that the total amount of payments which will be earned by any person under the program in effect for any crop will be reduced under this section, the set-aside acreage for the farm or farms on which such person will be sharing in payments earned under such program shall be reduced to such extent and in such manner as the Secretary determines will be fair and reasonable in relation to the amount of the payment reduction.

(4) The Secretary shall issue regulations defining the term "person" and prescribing such rules as he determines necessary to assure a fair and reasonable application of such limitation: Provided, That the provisions of this Act which limit payments to any person shall not be applicable to lands owned by States, political subdivisions, or agencies thereof, so long as such lands are farmed primarily in the direct furtherance of a public function, as determined by the Secretary. The rules for determining whether corporations and their stockholders may be considered as separate persons shall be in accordance with the regulations issued by the Secretary on December 18, 1970.

(Pub. L. 91–524, title I, §101, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1358; Pub. L. 93–86, §1(1), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 221; Pub. L. 95–113, title I, §104, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 919.)

References in Text

This Act, referred to in pars. (1) and (4), is Pub. L. 91–524, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1358, as amended, known as the Agricultural Act of 1970. Title IV of that Act enacted section 1334a–1 of this title, amended sections 1301, 1305, 1306, 1378, 1379, 1379b, 1379c, 1379d, 1379e, 1379g, 1385, 1427, 1428, and 1445a of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1301, 1305, 1306, 1330 to 1334, 1335, 1336, 1338, 1339, and 1379c of this title. Title V of that Act amended section 1444b of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 1444b of this title. Title VI of that Act enacted sections 1342a, 1350a, and 2119 of this title, amended sections 1305, 1344b, 1350, 1374, 1378, 1379, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1444, and 1444a of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1305, 1342, 1342a, 1343, 1344, 1344b, 1345, 1346, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1444, and 1446d of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1970 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

The Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, referred to in par. (1), is Pub. L. 95–113, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 913. Title IV of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 enacted section 1445b of this title, amended sections 1385, 1427, and 1428 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1330, 1331, 1379d, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1445a, and 1445b of this title. Title V of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 enacted section 1444c of this title and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1444b and 1444c of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agricultural Act of 1970, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1977—Par. (1). Pub. L. 95–113 substituted "to receive under one or more of the annual programs established by titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1974 through 1976 crops of the commodities and by titles IV and V of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 and titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1977 crop" for "to receive under one or more of the annual programs established by titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1974 through 1977 crops".

1973—Par. (1). Pub. L. 93–86 substituted "one or more of the annual programs established by titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1974 through 1977 crops of the Commodities shall not exceed $20,000" for "each of the annual programs established by titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1971, 1972, or 1973 crop of the commodity shall not exceed $55,000".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 93–86 substituted "shall not include loans or purchases, or any part of any payment which is determined by the Secretary to represent compensation for resource adjustment or public access for recreation" for "includes price-support payments, set-aside payments, diversion payments, public access payments, and marketing certificates, but does not include loans or purchases".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 93–86 reenacted par. (3) without change.

Par. (4). Pub. L. 93–86 inserted provision that the rules for determining whether corporations and their stockholders may be considered as separate persons shall be in accordance with the regulations issued by the Secretary on December 18, 1970.

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–113, title XIX, §1901, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1045, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided herein, the provisions of this Act [see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title] shall become effective October 1, 1977."

Exemption of Disaster Payment Limitations Respecting 1977 Crops of Wheat, Feed Grains, Upland Cotton, and Rice

Pub. L. 95–156, Nov. 8, 1977, 91 Stat. 1264, provided: "That, notwithstanding any other provision of law, the term 'payments' as used in section 101 of the Agricultural Act of 1970, as amended [this section], and section 101(g)(13) of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended [section 1441(g)(13) of this title], shall not include any part of any payment which is determined by the Secretary of Agriculture to represent compensation for disaster loss with respect to the 1977 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice."

§1308. Payment limitations

(a) Definitions

In this section through section 1308–5 of this title:

(1) Covered commodity

The term "covered commodity" has the meaning given that term in section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011).

(2) Family member

The term "family member" means a person to whom a member in the farming operation is related as lineal ancestor, lineal descendant, sibling, first cousin, niece, nephew, spouse, or otherwise by marriage.

(3) Legal entity

The term "legal entity" means an entity that is created under Federal or State law and that—

(A) owns land or an agricultural commodity; or

(B) produces an agricultural commodity.

(4) Person

The term "person" means a natural person, and does not include a legal entity.

(5) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(b) Limitation on payments for covered commodities (other than peanuts)

The total amount of payments received, directly or indirectly, by a person or legal entity (except a joint venture or general partnership) for any crop year under sections 1116 and 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016, 9017) (other than for peanuts) may not exceed $125,000.

(c) Limitation on payments for peanuts

The total amount of payments received, directly or indirectly, by a person or legal entity (except a joint venture or general partnership) for any crop year under sections 1116 and 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016, 9017) for peanuts may not exceed $125,000.

(d) Limitation on applicability

Nothing in this section authorizes any limitation on any benefit associated with the forfeiture of a commodity pledged as collateral for a loan made available under subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9031 et seq.] or title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9001 et seq.].

(e) Attribution of payments

(1) In general

In implementing subsections (b) and (c) and a program described in paragraphs (1)(C) and (2)(B) of section 1308–3a(b) ¹ of this title, the Secretary shall issue such regulations as are necessary to ensure that the total amount of payments are attributed to a person by taking into account the direct and indirect ownership interests of the person in a legal entity that is eligible to receive the payments.

(2) Payments to a person

Each payment made directly to a person shall be combined with the pro rata interest of the person in payments received by a legal entity in which the person has a direct or indirect ownership interest unless the payments of the legal entity have been reduced by the pro rata share of the person.

(3) Payments to a legal entity

(A) In general

Each payment made to a legal entity shall be attributed to those persons who have a direct or indirect ownership interest in the legal entity unless the payment to the legal entity has been reduced by the pro rata share of the person.

(B) Attribution of payments

(i) Payment limits

Except as provided in clause (ii), payments made to a legal entity shall not exceed the amounts specified in subsections (b) and (c).

(ii) Exception for joint ventures and general partnerships

Payments made to a joint venture or a general partnership shall not exceed, for each payment specified in subsections (b) and (c), the amount determined by multiplying the maximum payment amount specified in subsections (b) and (c) by the number of persons and legal entities (other than joint ventures and general partnerships) that comprise the ownership of the joint venture or general partnership.

(iii) Reduction

Payments made to a legal entity shall be reduced proportionately by an amount that represents the direct or indirect ownership in the legal entity by any person or legal entity that has otherwise exceeded the applicable maximum payment limitation.

(4) 4 levels of attribution for embedded legal entities

(A) In general

Attribution of payments made to legal entities shall be traced through 4 levels of ownership in legal entities.

(B) First level

Any payments made to a legal entity (a first-tier legal entity) that is owned in whole or in part by a person shall be attributed to the person in an amount that represents the direct ownership in the first-tier legal entity by the person.

(C) Second level

(i) In general

Any payments made to a first-tier legal entity that is owned (in whole or in part) by another legal entity (a second-tier legal entity) shall be attributed to the second-tier legal entity in proportion to the ownership of the second-tier legal entity in the first-tier legal entity.

(ii) Ownership by a person

If the second-tier legal entity is owned (in whole or in part) by a person, the amount of the payment made to the first-tier legal entity shall be attributed to the person in the amount that represents the indirect ownership in the first-tier legal entity by the person.

(D) Third and fourth levels

(i) In general

Except as provided in clause (ii), the Secretary shall attribute payments at the third and fourth tiers of ownership in the same manner as specified in subparagraph (C).

(ii) Fourth-tier ownership

If the fourth-tier of ownership is that of a fourth-tier legal entity and not that of a person, the Secretary shall reduce the amount of the payment to be made to the first-tier legal entity in the amount that represents the indirect ownership in the first-tier legal entity by the fourth-tier legal entity.

(f) Special rules

(1) Minor children

(A) In general

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), payments received by a child under the age of 18 shall be attributed to the parents of the child.

(B) Regulations

The Secretary shall issue regulations specifying the conditions under which payments received by a child under the age of 18 will not be attributed to the parents of the child.

(2) Marketing cooperatives

Subsections (b) and (c) shall not apply to a cooperative association of producers with respect to commodities produced by the members of the association that are marketed by the association on behalf of the members of the association but shall apply to the producers as persons.

(3) Trusts and estates

(A) In general

With respect to irrevocable trusts and estates, the Secretary shall administer this section through section 1308–5 of this title in such manner as the Secretary determines will ensure the fair and equitable treatment of the beneficiaries of the trusts and estates.

(B) Irrevocable trust

(i) In general

In order for a trust to be considered an irrevocable trust, the terms of the trust agreement shall not—

(I) allow for modification or termination of the trust by the grantor;

(II) allow for the grantor to have any future, contingent, or remainder interest in the corpus of the trust; or

(III) except as provided in clause (ii), provide for the transfer of the corpus of the trust to the remainder beneficiary in less than 20 years beginning on the date the trust is established.

(ii) Exception

Clause (i)(III) shall not apply in a case in which the transfer is—

(I) contingent on the remainder beneficiary achieving at least the age of majority; or

(II) contingent on the death of the grantor or income beneficiary.

(C) Revocable trust

For the purposes of this section through section 1308–5 of this title, a revocable trust shall be considered to be the same person as the grantor of the trust.

(4) Cash rent tenants

(A) Definition

In this paragraph, the term "cash rent tenant" means a person or legal entity that rents land—

(i) for cash; or

(ii) for a crop share guaranteed as to the amount of the commodity to be paid in rent.

(B) Restriction

A cash rent tenant who makes a significant contribution of active personal management, but not of personal labor, with respect to a farming operation shall be eligible to receive a payment described in subsection (b) or (c) only if the tenant makes a significant contribution of equipment to the farming operation.

(5) Federal agencies

(A) In general

Notwithstanding subsection (d), a Federal agency shall not be eligible to receive any payment, benefit, or loan under title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 [7 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.], title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9001 et seq.], or title XII of this Act [16 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.].

(B) Land rental

A lessee of land owned by a Federal agency may receive a payment described in subsection (b), (c), or (d) if the lessee otherwise meets all applicable criteria.

(6) State and local governments

(A) In general

Notwithstanding subsection (d), except as provided in subsection (g), a State or local government, or political subdivision or agency of the government, shall not be eligible to receive any payment, benefit, or loan under title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 [7 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.], title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9001 et seq.], or title XII of this Act [16 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.].

(B) Tenants

A lessee of land owned by a State or local government, or political subdivision or agency of the government, may receive payments described in subsections (b), (c), and (d) if the lessee otherwise meets all applicable criteria.

(7) Changes in farming operations

(A) In general

In the administration of this section through section 1308–5 of this title, the Secretary may not approve any change in a farming operation that otherwise will increase the number of persons to which the limitations under this section are applied unless the Secretary determines that the change is bona fide and substantive.

(B) Family members

The addition of a family member to a farming operation under the criteria set out in section 1308–1 of this title shall be considered a bona fide and substantive change in the farming operation.

(8) Death of owner

(A) In general

If any ownership interest in land or a commodity is transferred as the result of the death of a program participant, the new owner of the land or commodity may, if the person is otherwise eligible to participate in the applicable program, succeed to the contract of the prior owner and receive payments subject to this section without regard to the amount of payments received by the new owner.

(B) Limitations on prior owner

Payments made under this paragraph shall not exceed the amount to which the previous owner was entitled to receive under the terms of the contract at the time of the death of the prior owner.

(9) Administration of reduction

The Secretary shall apply any order described in section 1614(d)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9097(d)(1)) to payments under sections 1116 and 1117 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 9016, 9017) prior to applying payment limitations under this section.

(g) Public schools

(1) In general

Notwithstanding subsection (f)(6)(A), a State or local government, or political subdivision or agency of the government, shall be eligible, subject to the limitation in paragraph (2), to receive a payment described in subsection (b) or (c) for land owned by the State or local government, or political subdivision or agency of the government, that is used to maintain a public school.

(2) Limitation

(A) In general

For each State, the total amount of payments described in subsections (b) and (c) that are received collectively by the State and local government and all political subdivisions or agencies of those governments shall not exceed $500,000.

(B) Exception

The limitation in subparagraph (A) shall not apply to States with a population of less than 1,500,000.

(h) Time limits; reliance

Regulations of the Secretary shall establish time limits for the various steps involved with notice, hearing, decision, and the appeals procedure in order to ensure expeditious handling and settlement of payment limitation disputes. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, actions taken by an individual or other entity in good faith on action or advice of an authorized representative of the Secretary may be accepted as meeting the requirement under this section or section 1308–1 of this title, to the extent the Secretary deems it desirable in order to provide fair and equitable treatment.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1001, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1444; Pub. L. 99–500, §108(a), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–346, and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–346; Pub. L. 100–71, title I, July 11, 1987, 101 Stat. 428; Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §§1301(a)(1), (2), 1303, 1305(c), 1307, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–12, 1330-16, 1330-18, 1330-19; Pub. L. 101–217, §§1, 2, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1857; Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1111(a), (c), (e), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3497–3499; Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §118(b), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1841; Pub. L. 103–66, title I, §1101(b)(3)(A), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §115(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 902; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1603(a), (b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 213, 214; Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1603(a), (b), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1002; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1603(a), (b), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1730; Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §§1603(a)–(b)(2), 1605(f), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 705, 706, 708; Pub. L. 115–334, title I, §1703(a), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4525.)

References in Text

The Agricultural Act of 2014, referred to in subsecs. (d) and (f)(5)(A), (6)(A), is Pub. L. 113–79, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 649. Title I of the Act is classified principally to chapter 115 (§9001 et seq.) of this title. Subtitle B of title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§9031 et seq.) of chapter 115 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9001 of this title and Tables.

Pars. (1) and (2) of section 1308–3a(b) of this title, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), were repealed, and new pars. (1) and (2) were enacted, by Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1605(a)(2), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 707.

The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (f)(5)(A), (6)(A), is Pub. L. 110–246, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1651. Title I of the Act is classified principally to chapter 113 (§8701 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8701 of this title and Tables.

Title XII of this Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(5)(A), (6)(A), means title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985, Pub. L. 99–198, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1504, which is classified principally to chapter 58 (§3801 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1308, Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, §1101, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1263; Pub. L. 98–88, §6, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 499, related to programs for 1982 through 1985 crops.

Another prior section 1308, Pub. L. 95–113, title I, §101, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 917; Pub. L. 96–213, §5, Mar. 18, 1980, 94 Stat. 120, related to programs for 1978 through 1981 crops.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §1703(a)(1)(A), substituted "section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011)" for "section 1001 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–334, §1703(a)(1)(B), inserted "first cousin, niece, nephew," after "sibling,".

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 115–334, §1703(a)(2), substituted "sections 1116 and 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016, 9017)" for "sections 1116 and 1117 and as marketing loan gains or loan deficiency payments under subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014".

Subsec. (f)(9). Pub. L. 115–334, §1703(a)(3), added par. (9).

2014—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 113–79, §1603(a), added subsecs. (b) and (c) and struck out former subsecs. (b) and (c). Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) related to limitations on direct payments, counter-cyclical payments, and ACRE payments for covered commodities other than peanuts, and subsec. (c) related to limitations on direct payments, counter-cyclical payments, and ACRE payments for peanuts.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(f), inserted before period at end "or title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014".

Pub. L. 113–79, §1603(b)(1), substituted "the forfeiture of a commodity pledged as collateral for a loan made available under subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014" for "the marketing assistance loan program or the loan deficiency payment program under title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008".

Subsec. (f)(5)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, §1603(b)(2)(A), substituted ", title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014, or title XII" for "or title XII".

Subsec. (f)(6)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, §1603(b)(2)(B), substituted ", title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014, or title XII" for "or title XII".

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(b)(1)(A), inserted "through section 1308–5 of this title" after "this section" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(a), substituted "Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008" for "Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(b)(1)(B), (C), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'loan commodity' has the meaning given that term in section 1001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, except that the term does not include wool, mohair, or honey."

Subsec. (a)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(b)(1)(B), (C), added pars. (3) and (4) and redesignated former par. (3) as (5).

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(b)(2), added subsecs. (b) to (d) and struck out former subsecs. (b) to (d) which related to limitation on direct payments, limitation on counter-cyclical payments, and limitation on marketing loan gains and loan deficiency payments, respectively.

Subsecs. (e) to (h). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(b)(3), added subsecs. (e) to (g), redesignated former subsec. (g) as (h), and struck out former subsecs. (e) and (f) which related to issuance of regulations defining "person" and prescribing rules determined necessary to assure a fair and reasonable application of section limitation, and inapplicability to public schools of provisions limiting payments to any person.

2002—Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(a), substituted section catchline for former section catchline.

Subsec. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(a), added subsecs. (a) to (d) and struck out former pars. (1) to (4) which related to limitation on payments under production flexibility contracts, limitation on marketing loan gains and loan deficiency payments, description of payments subject to limitation, and definitions, respectively.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(b)(1), redesignated par. (5) as subsec. (e), inserted heading, further redesignated former subpars., cls., and subcls. as pars., subpars., and cls., respectively, substituted "paragraph (1), subject to subparagraph (B)" for "subparagraph (A), subject to clause (ii)" in subsec. (e)(2)(A) and "as described in subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this section" for "as described in paragraphs (1) and (2)" in subsec. (e)(2)(C)(ii), and struck out second sentence of subsec. (e)(1) which read as follows: "Such regulations shall incorporate the provisions in subparagraphs (B) through (E) of this paragraph, paragraphs (6) and (7), and sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title."

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(b)(2), redesignated par. (6) as subsec. (f) and inserted heading.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(b)(3), redesignated par. (7) as subsec. (g) and inserted heading.

1996—Pars. (1) to (4). Pub. L. 104–127 added pars. (1) to (4) and struck out former pars. (1) to (4) which established limitations on payments under wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, extra long staple cotton, honey, and rice programs for 1987 through 1997 crops.

1993—Pars. (1)(A), (B), (2)(A). Pub. L. 103–66 substituted "1997" for "1995".

1991—Par. (2)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 102–237 inserted "section" before "107B(c)(1)".

1990—Par. (1). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(a)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted "1995" for "1990", and added subpar. (B).

Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(a)(2), substituted "1991 through 1995 crops" for "1987 through 1990 crops" and substituted "and" for "honey, and (with respect to clause (iii)(II) of subparagraph (B))" after "rice,".

Par. (2)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(a)(3)(A), added cl. (iii) and struck out former cl. (iii) which read as follows: "(iii)(I) any gain realized by a producer from repaying a loan for a crop of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, rice, or honey at the rate permitted under section 107D(a)(5), 105C(a)(4), 103A(a)(5), 101A(a)(5), or 201(b)(2), respectively, of the Agricultural Act of 1949 or (II) any gain realized by a producer from repaying a loan for a crop of any other commodity at a lower level than the original loan level established under the Agricultural Act of 1949;"

Par. (2)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(a)(3)(B), substituted "107B(c)(1) or 105B(c)(1)" for "section 107D(c)(1) or 105C(c)(1)", and "section 107B(a)(3) or 105B(a)(3)" for "section 107D(a)(4) or 105C(a)(3)".

Par. (2)(B)(v). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(a)(3)(C), added cl. (v) and struck out former cl. (v) which read as follows: "(v) any loan deficiency payment received for a crop of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, or rice under section 107D(b), 105C(b), 103A(b), or 101A(b), respectively, of the Agricultural Act of 1949; and".

Par. (2)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(a)(3)(D), substituted "section 107B(f), 105B(f), 103B(f), or 101B(f)" for "section 107D(g), 105C(g), 103A(g), or 101A(g)".

Par. (5)(B)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(e), added subcl. (III).

Par. (5)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(c), amended cl. (iii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (iii) read as follows: "Such regulations shall provide that, with respect to any married couple, the husband and wife shall be considered to be one person, except that any married couple consisting of spouses who, prior to their marriage, were separately engaged in unrelated farming operations, each spouse shall be treated as a separate person with respect to the farming operation brought into the marriage by such spouse so long as such operation remains as a separate farming operation, for the purposes of the application of the limitations under this section."

1989—Par. (5)(D). Pub. L. 101–217, §2, amended subpar. (D) generally, striking out cl. (i) designation, substituting "Any" for "Except as provided in clause (ii), any" and "ineligible to receive any payment specified in paragraph (1) or (2) or subtitle D of title XII with respect to such land" for "considered the same person as the landlord", and struck out cls. (ii) and (iii) which read as follows:

"(ii) A tenant that because of any act or failure to act would otherwise be considered the same person as the landlord under clause (i) shall not be considered the same person as the landlord if the Secretary has at any time made a determination, for purposes of this section, regarding the number of persons with respect to the tenant's operation on such land for the 1989 crop year and the landlord did not consent to or knowingly participate in such act or failure to act.

"(iii) Any tenant that would be considered to be the same person as the landlord but for the operation of clause (ii) shall be eligible to receive any payment specified in paragraph (1) or (2) or subtitle D of title XII with respect to such land only to the extent that the tenant would be eligible for such payments if the tenant were to be considered the same person as the landlord under the regulations in place immediately prior to the enactment of this subparagraph."

Pub. L. 101–217, §1, in temporarily amending subpar. (D) generally, designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cls. (ii) and (iii). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1989 Amendment note below.

1987—Par. (1). Pub. L. 100–203, §1301(a)(1), substituted "Subject to sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title, for each" for "For each".

Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 100–203, §1301(a)(2)(A), substituted "Subject to sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title, for each" for "For each".

Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 100–203, §1307, struck out cl. (ii) designation, and struck out cl. (i) which read as follows: "The total amount of loans on a crop of honey that a person may have outstanding at any one time under the annual program established for such crop under the Agricultural Act of 1949 may not exceed $250,000 less the amount of payments, as described in paragraph (1) and subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph, received by such person for the crop year involved."

Pub. L. 100–203, §1301(a)(2)(B), which directed substitution of "Subject to sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title, the total" for "The total" could not be executed in view of amendments by Pub. L. 100–71 and section 1307 of Pub. L. 100–203.

Pub. L. 100–71 designated existing provision as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).

Par. (5)(A). Pub. L. 100–203, §1303(a)(1), (2), inserted after first sentence "Such regulations shall incorporate the provisions in subparagraphs (B) through (E) of this paragraph, paragraphs (6) and (7), and sections 1308–1 through 1308–3 of this title" and struck out at end "Such regulations shall provide that the term 'person' does not include any cooperative association of producers that markets commodities for producers with respect to the commodities so marketed for producers."

Par. (5)(B). Pub. L. 100–203, §1303(a)(2), (3), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).

Par. (5)(C). Pub. L. 100–203, §1303(a)(3), redesignated subpar. (B) as (C).

Par. (5)(D), (E). Pub. L. 100–203, §1303(a)(4), added subpars. (D) and (E).

Par. (6). Pub. L. 100–203, §1303(b), amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: "The provisions of this section that limit payments to any person shall not be applicable to lands or animals owned by States, political subdivisions, or agencies thereof, so long as such lands are farmed or animals are husbanded primarily in the direct furtherance of a public function, as determined by the Secretary."

Par. (7). Pub. L. 100–203, §1305(c), added par. (7).

1986—Par. (1). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a)(1), in temporarily amending par. (1) generally, substituted provision limiting, for each of the 1987 through 1990 crops, the total amount of deficiency payments, excluding deficiency payments described in par. (2)(B)(I)(iv) and land diversion payments that any one person be entitled to as not to exceed $50,000 for provision limiting, for each of the 1986 through 1990 crops, the total amount of payments, excluding disaster payments, that any one person be entitled to as not to exceed $50,000. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.

Par. (2). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a)(1), in temporarily amending par. (2) generally, designated existing provision as subpar. (A), and in subpar. (A) as so designated, substituted provision limiting, for each of the 1987 through 1990 crops, the total amount of payments set forth in subpar. (B) that any one person be entitled to as not to exceed $250,000 and inserting honey as an eligible crop for provision limiting, for each of the 1986 through 1990 crops, the total amount of disaster payments not any one person be entitled to as not to exceed $100,000, and added subpars. (B) and (C). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a)(1), temporarily substituted provision authorizing the Secretary, if he determines that a limitation will have an adverse effect on a program, to adjust upward such limitation as appropriate or necessary for provision specifying what is not included within the term "payments" as used in this section. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.

Par. (5)(A). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a)(2), temporarily inserted provision that the term "person" not include any cooperative association of producers that markets commodities for producers with respect to the commodities so marketed for producers. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.

Par. (6). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a)(3), temporarily substituted "lands or animals owned" for "lands owned" and inserted "or animals are husbanded". See Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment note below.

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–334, title I, §1703(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4526, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply beginning with the 2019 crop year."

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1603(c), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 706, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1308–3 of this title] shall apply beginning with the 2014 crop year."

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–217, §1, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1857, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective only for the 1989 crops.

Pub. L. 101–217, §2, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1857, as amended by Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1111(i), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3500, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective beginning with the 1990 crops.

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §§1301(a), 1303, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–12, 1330-16, provided that the amendments made by sections 1301(a)(1), (2) and 1303 of Pub. L. 100–203 are effective beginning with 1989 crops.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–500, §108(a), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–346, and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(a), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–346, provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591 is effective with respect to each of the 1987 through 1990 crops.

Pub. L. 99–500, §108(b), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–347, and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(b), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–347, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall not apply with respect to any payment or loan received under any agreement or contract made before the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1986]."

Transition Provisions

Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1603(h), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1012, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1603(h), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1740, provided that: "Section 1001, 1001A, and 1001B of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308, 1308–1, 1308–2), as in effect on September 30, 2007, shall continue to apply with respect to the 2007 and 2008 crops of any covered commodity or peanuts."

[For definition of "covered commodity" as used in section 1603(h) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out above, see section 8702 of this title.]

[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.]

Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1603(d), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 215, provided that: "Section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308), as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [May 13, 2002], shall continue to apply with respect to the 2001 crop of any covered commodity."

Equitable Relief

Pub. L. 101–217, §3, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1858, provided that: "Nothing in this Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] shall be construed in any way to limit the authority of the Secretary of Agriculture to provide equitable relief under any provision of law."

Payment Provisions Education Program

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1304(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–17, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall implement a payment provisions education program for appropriate personnel of the Department of Agriculture and members and other personnel of local, county, and State committees established under section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 590h(b)), for the purpose of fostering more effective and uniform application of the payment limitations and restrictions under sections 1001 through 1001C of the Food Security Act of 1985 [sections 1808 to 1308–3 of this title].

"(2) Training.—The education program shall provide training to such personnel in the fair, accurate, and uniform application to individual farming operations of the provisions of law and regulation relating to the payment provisions of sections 1001 through 1001C of the Food Security Act of 1985. Particular emphasis shall be given to the changes in the law made by sections 1301, 1302, and 1303 of this Act [enacting section 1308–1 of this title, amending this section, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1308–1 of this title].

"(3) Implementation.—The education program shall be fully implemented, and the training completed, not later than 30 days after the date final regulations are issued to carry out the amendments made by this subtitle [enacting sections 1308–1 to 1308–3 of this title and amending this section and section 1308–1 of this title].

"(4) Commodity Credit Corporation.—The Secretary shall carry out the program provided under this subsection through the Commodity Credit Corporation."

Regulations To Carry Out 1987 Amendments; Transition Rules; Equitable Adjustments

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1305(a), (b), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–18, provided that:

"(a) Regulations.—

"(1) Issuance.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall issue—

"(A) proposed regulations to carry out the amendments made by this subtitle [enacting sections 1308–1 to 1308–3 of this title and amending this section and section 1308–1 of this title] not later than April 1, 1988; and

"(B) final regulations to carry out such amendments not later than August 1, 1988.

"(2) Field instructions.—Any field instructions relating to, or other supplemental clarifications of, the regulations issued under sections 1001 through 1001C of the Food Security Act of 1985 [sections 1308 to 1308–3 of this title] shall not be used in resolving issues involved in the application of the payment limitations or restrictions under such sections or regulations to individuals, other entities, or farming operations until copies of the publication are made available to the public.

"(b) Allowance for Equitable Reorganizations.—To allow for the equitable reorganization of farming operations to conform to the limitations and restrictions contained in the amendments made to the Food Security Act of 1985 by this subtitle [enacting sections 1308–1 to 1308–3 of this title and amending this section and section 1308–1 of this title] in cases in which the application of such limitations and restrictions will reduce payments to the farming operation (as determined by the Secretary), the Secretary may waive the application of the substantive change rule under section 1001(5)(E) [section 1308(5)(E) of this title], as added by section 1303 of this Act, or any regulation of the Secretary containing a comparable rule, to any reorganization applied for prior to the final date when producers are eligible to enter into contracts to participate in the commodity programs established for the 1989 crop year, to the extent the Secretary determines appropriate to facilitate any such equitable reorganizations that does not increase such payments."

Conservation Reserve Application

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1305(d), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–18, provided that: "Notwithstanding [former] section 1234(f)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ([former] 16 U.S.C. 3834(f)), paragraphs (5) through (7) of section 1001 [section 1308(5)–(7) of this title], as amended by this subtitle, and sections 1001A through 1001C, of the Food Security Act of 1985 [sections 1308–1 to 1308–3 of this title] shall apply to the conservation reserve program under subtitle D of title XII of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3830 et seq.) with respect to rental payments to persons under contracts entered into after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 1987], except with respect to landlords that receive cash rent, or a crop share guaranteed as to the amount of the commodity to be paid in rent, for the use of the land."

Revision of Regulations

Pub. L. 99–500, §108(c), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–347, and Pub. L. 99–591, §108(c), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–347, provided that:

"(1)(A) The Secretary of Agriculture shall review the regulations in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1986] that define 'person' under section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 [this section] and related regulations in effect on such date otherwise affecting the payment limitations under such section, to determine ways in which such regulations can be revised to better ensure the fair and reasonable application of limitations and eliminate fraud and abuse in the application of such payment limitations.

"(B) The Secretary also shall review the amendments to section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 made by this section.

"(2) Based on the reviews conducted under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, not later than March 1, 1987, a report on such reviews and—

"(A) with respect to the matters reviewed under paragraph (1)(A), proposed regulations or amendments to regulations, to take effect not earlier than October 1, 1987, that will meet the object with respect to limitations specified in paragraph (1)(A); and

"(B) with respect to the matters reviewed under paragraph (1)(B), recommendations on legislative changes to section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 that the Secretary determines are necessary or appropriate."

Separate Person Status Among Family Members

Pub. L. 99–198 (last sentence), as added by Pub. L. 99–500, §101(a) [title VI, §636], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783, 1783-34, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(a) [title VI, §636], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341, 3341-34, provided that: "Effective for each of the 1987 through 1990 crops, the Secretary may not deny a person status as a separate person solely on the ground that a family member cosigns for, or makes a loan to, such person and leases, loans, or gives such person equipment, land or labor, if such family members were organized as separate units prior to December 31, 1985."

¹ See References in Text note below.

§1308–1. Notification of interests; payments limited to active farmers

(a) Notification of interests

To facilitate administration of section 1308 of this title and this section, each person or legal entity receiving payments described in subsections (b) and (c) of section 1308 of this title as a separate person or legal entity shall separately provide to the Secretary, at such times and in such manner as prescribed by the Secretary—

(1) the name and social security number of each person, or the name and taxpayer identification number of each legal entity, that holds or acquires an ownership interest in the separate person or legal entity; and

(2) the name and taxpayer identification number of each legal entity in which the person or legal entity holds an ownership interest.

(b) Actively engaged

(1) In general

To be eligible to receive a payment described in subsection (b) or (c) of section 1308 of this title, a person or legal entity shall be actively engaged in farming with respect to a farming operation as provided in this subsection or subsection (c).

(2) Classes actively engaged

Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d)—

(A) a person (including a person participating in a farming operation as a partner in a general partnership, a participant in a joint venture, a grantor of a revocable trust, or a participant in a similar entity, as determined by the Secretary) shall be considered to be actively engaged in farming with respect to a farming operation if—

(i) the person makes a significant contribution (based on the total value of the farming operation) to the farming operation of—

(I) capital, equipment, or land; and

(II) personal labor or active personal management;

(ii) the person's share of the profits or losses from the farming operation is commensurate with the contributions of the person to the farming operation; and

(iii) the contributions of the person are at risk;

(B) a legal entity that is a corporation, joint stock company, association, limited partnership, charitable organization, or other similar entity determined by the Secretary (including any such legal entity participating in the farming operation as a partner in a general partnership, a participant in a joint venture, a grantor of a revocable trust, or as a participant in a similar legal entity as determined by the Secretary) shall be considered as actively engaged in farming with respect to a farming operation if—

(i) the legal entity separately makes a significant contribution (based on the total value of the farming operation) of capital, equipment, or land;

(ii) the stockholders or members collectively make a significant contribution of personal labor or active personal management to the operation; and

(iii) the standards provided in clauses (ii) and (iii) of subparagraph (A), as applied to the legal entity, are met by the legal entity;

(C) if a legal entity that is a general partnership, joint venture, or similar entity, as determined by the Secretary, separately makes a significant contribution (based on the total value of the farming operation involved) of capital, equipment, or land, and the standards provided in clauses (ii) and (iii) of subparagraph (A), as applied to the legal entity, are met by the legal entity, the partners or members making a significant contribution of personal labor or active personal management shall be considered to be actively engaged in farming with respect to the farming operation involved; and

(D) in making determinations under this subsection regarding equipment and personal labor, the Secretary shall take into consideration the equipment and personal labor normally and customarily provided by farm operators in the area involved to produce program crops.

(c) Special classes actively engaged

(1) Landowner

A person or legal entity that is a landowner contributing the owned land to a farming operation shall be considered to be actively engaged in farming with respect to the farming operation if—

(A) the landowner receives rent or income for the use of the land based on the production on the land or the operating results of the operation; and

(B) the person or legal entity meets the standards provided in clauses (ii) and (iii) of subsection (b)(2)(A).

(2) Adult family member

If a majority of the participants in a farming operation are family members, an adult family member shall be considered to be actively engaged in farming with respect to the farming operation if the person—

(A) makes a significant contribution, based on the total value of the farming operation, of active personal management or personal labor; and

(B) with respect to such contribution, meets the standards provided in clauses (ii) and (iii) of subsection (b)(2)(A).

(3) Sharecropper

A sharecropper who makes a significant contribution of personal labor to a farming operation shall be considered to be actively engaged in farming with respect to the farming operation if the contribution meets the standards provided in clauses (ii) and (iii) of subsection (b)(2)(A).

(4) Growers of hybrid seed

In determining whether a person or legal entity growing hybrid seed under contract shall be considered to be actively engaged in farming, the Secretary shall not take into consideration the existence of a hybrid seed contract.

(5) Custom farming services

(A) In general

A person or legal entity receiving custom farming services shall be considered separately eligible for payment limitation purposes if the person or legal entity is actively engaged in farming based on subsection (b)(2) or paragraphs (1) through (4) of this subsection.

(B) Prohibition

No other rules with respect to custom farming shall apply.

(6) Spouse

If 1 spouse (or estate of a deceased spouse) is determined to be actively engaged, the other spouse shall be determined to have met the requirements of subsection (b)(2)(A)(i)(II).

(d) Classes not actively engaged

(1) Cash rent landlord

A landlord contributing land to a farming operation shall not be considered to be actively engaged in farming with respect to the farming operation if the landlord receives cash rent, or a crop share guaranteed as to the amount of the commodity to be paid in rent, for the use of the land.

(2) Other persons and legal entities

Any other person or legal entity that the Secretary determines does not meet the standards described in subsections (b)(2) and (c) shall not be considered to be actively engaged in farming with respect to a farming operation.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1001A, as added and amended Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §§1301(a)(3), 1302, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–12, 1330-14; Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1111(d), (f), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3498, 3499; Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §118(c), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1841; Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §115(c)(1), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 903; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1603(c)(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 215; Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1603(c), (d), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1007, 1008; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1603(c), (d), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1735, 1736.)

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(c)(1), substituted "Notification of interests" for "Prevention of creation of entities to qualify as separate persons" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(c)(2), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which related to prevention of use of multiple legal entities to avoid effective application of payment limitations under section 1308 of this title.

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(d), added subsecs. (b) to (d) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to requirement that a person be an individual or entity described in former section 1308(e)(2)(A) of this title and actively engaged in farming with respect to a particular farming operation to be separately eligible for farm program payments with respect to that operation.

2002—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(c)(1), substituted "section 1308(e)(2)(A) of this title" for "section 1308(5)(B)(i) of this title" and "section 1308(e)(2)(A)(ii) of this title" for "section 1308(5)(B)(i)(II) of this title".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(c)(1)(B), substituted "section 1308(e)(2)(A) of this title" for "section 1308(5)(B)(i) of this title".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 107–171, §1603(c)(1)(A), substituted "section 1308(e)(2)(A)(ii) of this title" for "section 1308(5)(B)(i)(II) of this title".

1996—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–127, §115(c)(1)(A), struck out "under the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.)" before "may not also hold".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104–127, §115(c)(1)(B), struck out "under the Agricultural Act of 1949" before "with respect to a particular".

1991—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–237 struck out "0 to" after "less than".

1990—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(f), substituted "0 to 10 percent" for "10 percent".

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 101–624, §1111(d), added par. (6).

1987—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–203, §1302, added subsec. (b).

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1302, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–14, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective beginning with the 1989 crops.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1301(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–12, provided that this section is effective beginning with the 1989 crops.

Transition Provisions

Section, as in effect on Sept. 30, 2007, to continue to apply with respect to the 2007 and 2008 crops of any covered commodity or peanuts, see section 1603(h) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1308 of this title.

Rulemaking Related to Significant Contribution for Active Personal Management

Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1604, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 706, provided that:

"(a) Regulations Required.—Within 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 7, 2014], the Secretary shall promulgate, with an opportunity for notice and comment, regulations—

"(1) to define the term 'significant contribution of active personal management' for purposes of section 1001A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–1); and

"(2) if the Secretary determines it is appropriate, to establish limits for varying types of farming operations on the number of individuals who may be considered to be actively engaged in farming with respect to the farming operation when a significant contribution of active personal management is the basis used to meet the requirement of being actively engaged in farming under section 1001A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–1) by an individual or entity.

"(b) Considerations.—In promulgating the regulations required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider—

"(1) the size, nature, and management requirements of each type of farming operation;

"(2) the changing nature of active personal management due to advancements of farming operations; and

"(3) the degree to which the regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) will adversely impact the long-term viability of the farming operation.

"(c) Family Farms.—The Secretary shall not apply the regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) to individuals or entities comprised solely of family members (as that term is defined in section 1001(a)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308(a)(2))).

"(d) Monitoring.—The regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) shall include a plan for monitoring the status of compliance reviews for whether a person or entity is in compliance with the regulations.

"(e) Paperwork Reduction.—In order to conserve Federal resources and prevent unnecessary paperwork burdens, the Secretary shall ensure that any additional paperwork required as a result of the regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) be limited to those persons who are subject to such regulations.

"(f) Relation to Other Requirements.—Nothing in this section may be construed to authorize the Secretary to alter, directly or indirectly, existing regulations for other requirements in section 1001A of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–1).

"(g) Effective Date.—The requirements of any regulation promulgated pursuant to this section shall apply beginning with the 2015 crop year."

§1308–2. Denial of program benefits

(a) 2-year denial of program benefits

A person or legal entity shall be ineligible to receive payments specified in subsections (b) and (c) of section 1308 of this title for the crop year, and the succeeding crop year, in which the Secretary determines that the person or legal entity—

(1) failed to comply with section 1308–1(b) of this title and adopted or participated in adopting a scheme or device to evade the application of section 1308, 1308–1, or 1308–3 of this title; or

(2) intentionally concealed the interest of the person or legal entity in any farm or legal entity engaged in farming.

(b) Extended ineligibility

If the Secretary determines that a person or legal entity, for the benefit of the person or legal entity or the benefit of any other person or legal entity, has knowingly engaged in, or aided in the creation of a fraudulent document, failed to disclose material information relevant to the administration of sections 1308 through 1308–5 of this title, or committed other equally serious actions (as identified in regulations issued by the Secretary), the Secretary may for a period not to exceed 5 crop years deny the issuance of payments to the person or legal entity.

(c) Pro rata denial

(1) In general

Payments otherwise owed to a person or legal entity described in subsections (a) or (b) shall be denied in a pro rata manner based on the ownership interest of the person or legal entity in a farm.

(2) Cash rent tenant

Payments otherwise payable to a person or legal entity shall be denied in a pro rata manner if the person or legal entity is a cash rent tenant on a farm owned or under the control of a person or legal entity with respect to which a determination has been made under subsection (a) or (b).

(d) Joint and several liability

Any legal entity (including partnerships and joint ventures) and any member of any legal entity determined to have knowingly participated in a scheme or device to evade, or that has the purpose of evading, sections 1308, 1308–1, or 1308–3 of this title shall be jointly and severally liable for any amounts that are payable to the Secretary as the result of the scheme or device (including amounts necessary to recover those amounts).

(e) Release

The Secretary may partially or fully release from liability any person or legal entity who cooperates with the Secretary in enforcing sections 1308, 1308–1, and 1308–3 of this title, and this section.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1001B, as added Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1304(b), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–17; amended Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1603(c)(2), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 215; Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1603(e), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1010; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1603(e), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1738.)

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(e), amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "If the Secretary of Agriculture determines that any person has adopted a scheme or device to evade, or that has the purpose of evading, section 1308, 1308–1, or 1308–3 of this title, such person shall be ineligible to receive farm program payments (as described in subsections (b), (c), and (d) of section 1308 of this title as being subject to limitation) applicable to the crop year for which such scheme or device was adopted and the succeeding crop year."

2002—Pub. L. 107–171 substituted "as described in subsections (b), (c), and (d) of section 1308 of this title" for "as described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 1308 of this title".

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1304(b), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–17, provided that this section is effective beginning with the 1989 crops.

Transition Provisions

Section, as in effect on Sept. 30, 2007, to continue to apply with respect to the 2007 and 2008 crops of any covered commodity or peanuts, see section 1603(h) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1308 of this title.

§1308–3. Foreign persons made ineligible for program benefits

Notwithstanding any other provision of law:

(a) In general

Any person who is not a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted into the United States for permanent residence under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.) shall be ineligible to receive any type of loans or payments made available under title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 [7 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.], title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9001 et seq.], the Agricultural Market Transition Act [7 U.S.C. 7201 et seq.], the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act (15 U.S.C. 714 et seq.), or subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.),¹ or under any contract entered into under title XII [16 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.], with respect to any commodity produced, or land set aside from production, on a farm that is owned or operated by such person, unless such person is an individual who is providing land, capital, and a substantial amount of personal labor in the production of crops on such farm.

(b) Corporations or other entities

For purposes of subsection (a), a corporation or other entity shall be considered a person that is ineligible for production adjustment payments, price support program loans, payments, or benefits if more than 10 percent of the beneficial ownership of the entity is held by persons who are not citizens of the United States or aliens lawfully admitted into the United States for permanent residence under the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.], unless such persons provide a substantial amount of personal labor in the production of crops on such farm. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this subsection, with respect to an entity that is determined to be ineligible to receive such payments, loans, or other benefits, the Secretary may make payments, loans, and other benefits in an amount determined by the Secretary to be representative of the percentage interests of the entity that is owned by citizens of the United States and aliens lawfully admitted into the United States for permanent residence under the Immigration and Nationality Act.

(c) Prospective application

No person shall become ineligible under this section for production adjustment payments, price support program loans, payments or benefits as the result of the production of a crop of an agricultural commodity planted, or commodity program or conservation reserve contract entered into, before December 22, 1987.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1001C, as added Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1306, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–19; amended Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1111(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3498; Pub. L. 103–66, title I, §1101(b)(3)(B), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §115(c)(2), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 903; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1603(c)(3), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 215; Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1603(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1002; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1603(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1730; Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1603(b)(3), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 706.)

References in Text

The Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 12 (§1101 et seq.) of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and Tables.

The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 110–246, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1651. Title I of the Act is classified principally to chapter 113 (§8701 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8701 of this title and Tables.

The Agricultural Act of 2014, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 113–79, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 649. Title I of the Act is classified principally to chapter 115 (§9001 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see short title note set out under section 9001 of this title and Tables.

The Agricultural Market Transition Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is title I of Pub. L. 104–127, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 896, which is classified principally to chapter 100 (§7201 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 7201 of this title and Tables.

The Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is act June 29, 1948, ch. 704, 62 Stat. 1070, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§714 et seq.) of chapter 15 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 714 of Title 15 and Tables.

The Food Security Act of 1985, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 99–198, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1354, as amended. Title XII of the Act is classified principally to chapter 58 (§3801 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. Subtitle D of title XII of the Act is classified generally to subchapter IV (§3830 et seq.) of chapter 58 of Title 16. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1985 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–79 inserted "title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014," before "the Agricultural Market Transition Act".

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(a), substituted "Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008" for "Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002".

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–171 inserted "title I of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002," after "made available under".

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–127 substituted "Any person" for "For each of the 1991 through 1997 crops, any person", substituted "loans or payments made available under the Agricultural Market Transition Act," for "production adjustment payments, price support program loans, payments, or benefits made available under the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.),", and struck out "during the 1989 through 1997 crop years" before ", with respect to any commodity produced".

1993—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–66 substituted "1997" for "1995" in two places.

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–624 substituted "1991 through 1995 crops" for "1989 and 1990 crops" and inserted ", or under any contract entered into under title XII during the 1989 through 1995 crop years," after "(16 U.S.C. 3831 et seq.)".

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–79 applicable beginning with the 2014 crop year, see section 1603(c) of Pub. L. 113–79, set out as a note under section 1308 of this title.

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1306, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–19, provided that this section is effective beginning with the 1989 crops.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§1308–3a. Adjusted gross income limitation

(a) Definitions

(1) Average adjusted gross income

In this section, the term "average adjusted gross income", with respect to a person or legal entity, means the average of the adjusted gross income or comparable measure of the person or legal entity over the 3 taxable years preceding the most immediately preceding complete taxable year, as determined by the Secretary.

(2) Special rules for certain persons and legal entities

In the case of a legal entity that is not required to file a Federal income tax return or a person or legal entity that did not have taxable income in 1 or more of the taxable years used to determine the average under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide, by regulation, a method for determining the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity for purposes of this section.

(3) Allocation of income

On the request of any person filing a joint tax return, the Secretary shall provide for the allocation of average adjusted gross income among the persons filing the return if—

(A) the person provides a certified statement by a certified public accountant or attorney that specifies the method by which the average adjusted gross income would have been declared and reported had the persons filed 2 separate returns; and

(B) the Secretary determines that the method described in the statement is consistent with the information supporting the filed joint tax return.

(b) Limitations on commodity and conservation programs

(1) Limitation

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, subject to paragraph (3), a person or legal entity shall not be eligible to receive any benefit described in paragraph (2) during a crop, fiscal, or program year, as appropriate, if the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity exceeds $900,000.

(2) Covered benefits

Paragraph (1) applies with respect to the following:

(A) A payment or benefit under subtitle A or E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9011 et seq., 9081].

(B) A marketing loan gain or loan deficiency payment under subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9031 et seq.].

(C) Starting with fiscal year 2015, a payment or benefit under title II of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, title II of the Agricultural Act of 2014, title II of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, title II of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, or title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 [16 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.].

(D) A payment or benefit under section 1524(b) of this title.

(E) A payment or benefit under section 7333 of this title.

(3) Waiver

The Secretary may waive the limitation established by paragraph (1) with respect to a payment pursuant to a covered benefit described in paragraph (2)(C), on a case-by-case basis, if the Secretary determines that environmentally sensitive land of special significance would be protected as a result of such waiver.

(c) Enforcement

(1) In general

To comply with subsection (b), at least once every 3 years a person or legal entity shall provide to the Secretary—

(A) a certification by a certified public accountant or another third party that is acceptable to the Secretary that the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity does not exceed the applicable limitation specified in that subsection; or

(B) information and documentation regarding the average adjusted gross income of the person or legal entity through other procedures established by the Secretary.

(2) Denial of program benefits

If the Secretary determines that a person or legal entity has failed to comply with this section, the Secretary shall deny the issuance of applicable payments and benefits specified in subsection (b)(2) to the person or legal entity, under similar terms and conditions as described in section 1308–2 of this title.

(3) Audit

The Secretary shall establish statistically valid procedures under which the Secretary shall conduct targeted audits of such persons or legal entities as the Secretary determines are most likely to exceed the limitations under subsection (b).

(d) Commensurate reduction

In the case of a payment or benefit described in subsection (b)(2) made in a crop, program, or fiscal year, as appropriate, to an entity, general partnership, or joint venture, the amount of the payment or benefit shall be reduced by an amount that is commensurate with the direct and indirect ownership interest in the entity, general partnership, or joint venture of each person who has an average adjusted gross income in excess of the applicable limitation specified in subsection (b).

(Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1001D, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1604(2), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 215; amended Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1604(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1012; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1604(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1740; Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1605(a)–(e), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 707, 708; Pub. L. 115–334, title I, §1704(a), (b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4526.)

References in Text

The Agricultural Act of 2014, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(A) to (C), is Pub. L. 113–79, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 649. Subtitles A, B, and E of title I of the Act are classified principally to subchapter I (§9011 et seq.) and generally to subchapters II (§9031 et seq.) and IV (§9081), respectively, of chapter 115 of this title. Title II of the Act enacted, amended, and repealed numerous sections and provisions set out as notes in Title 16, Conservation, and Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9001 of this title and Tables.

The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C), is Pub. L. 115–334, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4490. Title II of the Act enacted, amended, and repealed numerous sections and provisions set out as notes in this title, Title 16, Conservation, Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, and Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2018 Amendment note set out under section 9001 of this title and Tables.

The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C), is Pub. L. 107–171, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 134. Title II of the Act enacted, amended, and repealed numerous sections and provisions set out as notes in this title, Title 16, Conservation, and Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7901 of this title and Tables.

The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C), is Pub. L. 110–246, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1651. Title II of the Act enacted, amended, and repealed numerous sections and provisions set out as notes in this title, Title 16, Conservation, and Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8701 of this title and Tables.

The Food Security Act of 1985, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C), is Pub. L. 99–198, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1354. Title XII of the Act is classified principally to chapter 58 (§3801 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1985 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1001D of Pub. L. 99–198 was renumbered section 1001E and is classified to section 1308–4 of this title.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §1704(b), inserted "subject to paragraph (3)," after "provision of law,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 115–334, §1704(a)(1), inserted "title II of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018," after "under".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–334, §1704(a)(2), added par. (3).

2014—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(b), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) defined "average adjusted gross income", "average adjusted gross farm income", and "average adjusted gross nonfarm income".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(d)(1), struck out "subparagraph (A) or (B) of" after "average under" and ", the average adjusted gross farm income, and the average adjusted gross nonfarm income" after "average adjusted gross income".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(d)(2), struck out ", average adjusted gross farm income, and average adjusted gross nonfarm income" after "average adjusted gross income" in two places.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(a), substituted "Limitations on commodity and conservation programs" for "Limitations" in heading, added pars. (1) and (2), and struck out former pars. (1) and (2), which related to commodity programs and conservation programs, respectively.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(c), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to income determination.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(d)(3)(A), struck out ", average adjusted gross farm income, and average adjusted gross nonfarm income" after "average adjusted gross income" in subpars. (A) and (B).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(d)(3)(B), substituted "subsection (b)(2)" for "paragraphs (1)(C) and (2)(B) of subsection (b)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(d)(4), substituted "subsection (b)(2)" for "paragraphs (1)(C) and (2)(B) of subsection (b)" and struck out ", average adjusted gross farm income, or average adjusted gross nonfarm income" after "average adjusted gross income".

Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(c)(2), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(e), struck out subsec. (e). Text read as follows: "This section shall apply only during the 2009 through 2012 crop, program, or fiscal years, as appropriate."

Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(c)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 113–79, §1605(c)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e).

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §1604(a), amended section generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (f) for former provisions which related to: in subsec. (a), definition of "average adjusted gross income"; in subsec. (b), limitation on benefits if average adjusted gross income exceeded $2,500,000; in subsec. (c), certification that average adjusted gross income did not exceed limitation; in subsec. (d), reduction of benefits commensurate with ownership interest; and in subsec. (e), applicability of section during 2003 through 2007 crop years.

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Transition Provisions

Pub. L. 115–334, title I, §1704(c), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4526, provided that: "Section 1001D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3a), as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2018], shall apply with respect to the 2018 crop, fiscal, or program year, as appropriate, for each program described in subsection (b)(2) of that section (as so in effect on that day)."

Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1605(g), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 708, provided that: "Section 1001D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3a), as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 7, 2014], shall apply with respect to the 2013 crop, fiscal, or program year, as appropriate, for each program described in paragraphs (1)(C) and (2)(B) of subsection (b) of that section (as so in effect on that day)."

Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1604(b), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1016, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1604(b), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1744, provided that: "Section 1001D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3a), as in effect on September 30, 2007, shall apply with respect to the 2007 and 2008 crop, fiscal, or program year, as appropriate, for each program described in paragraphs (1)(C) and (2)(B) of subsection (b) of that section (as amended by subsection (a))."

[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.]

§1308–4. Education program

(a) In general

The Secretary shall carry out a payment provisions education program for appropriate personnel of the Department of Agriculture and members and other personnel of county and State committees established under section 590h(b) of title 16, for the purpose of fostering more effective and uniform application of the payment limitations and restrictions established under sections 1308 through 1308–3 of this title.

(b) Training

The education program shall provide training to the personnel in the fair, accurate, and uniform application to individual farming operations of the provisions of law and regulation relating to the payment provisions of sections 1308 through 1308–3 of this title.

(c) Administration

The State office of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service shall make the initial determination concerning the application of payment limitations and restrictions established under sections 1308 through 1308–3 of this title to farm operations consisting of more than 5 persons, subject to review by the Secretary.

(d) Commodity Credit Corporation

The Secretary shall carry out the program provided under this section through the Commodity Credit Corporation.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1001E, formerly §1001D, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1111(g), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3499; renumbered §1001E, Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1604(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 215.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1001E of Pub. L. 99–198 was renumbered section 1001F and is classified to section 1308–5 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 1421 of this title.

§1308–5. Treatment of multiyear program contract payments

(a) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the event of a transfer of ownership of land (or an ownership interest in land) by way of devise or descent, the Secretary of Agriculture may, if the new owner succeeds to the prior owner's contract entered into under title XII,¹ make payments to the new owner under such contract without regard to the amount of payments received by the new owner under any contract entered into under title XII ¹ executed prior to such devise or descent.

(b) Limitation

Payments made pursuant to this section shall not exceed the amount to which the previous owner was entitled to receive under the terms of the contract at the time of the death of the prior owner.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1001F, formerly §1001E, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1111(h), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3499; renumbered §1001F, Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1604(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 215.)

References in Text

Title XII, referred to in subsec. (a), is title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985, Pub. L. 99–198, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1504, which is classified principally to chapter 58 (§3801 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of title XII to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Effective Date

Section effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 1421 of this title.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§1308a. Cost reduction options

(a) Authority of Secretary to take action

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever the Secretary of Agriculture determines that an action authorized under subsection (c), (d), or (e) will reduce the total of the direct and indirect costs to the Federal Government of a commodity program administered by the Secretary without adversely affecting income to small- and medium-sized producers participating in such program, the Secretary shall take such action with respect to the commodity program involved.

(b) Reservation of Secretary's right to reopen or change contracts if producer agrees

In the announcement of the specific provisions of any commodity program administered by the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary shall include a statement setting forth which, if any, of the actions are to be initially included in the program, and a statement that the Secretary reserves the right to initiate at a later date any action not previously included but authorized by this section, including the right to reopen and change a contract entered into by a producer under the program if the producer voluntarily agrees to the change.

(c) Purchase from other sources of commodities covered by nonrecourse loans

When a nonrecourse loan program is in effect for a crop of a commodity, the Secretary may enter the commercial market to purchase such commodity if the Secretary determines that the cost of such purchases plus appropriate carrying charges will probably be less than the comparable cost of later acquiring the commodity through defaults on nonrecourse loans under the program.

(d) Reduction in settlement price of nonrecourse loans

When the domestic market price of a commodity for which a nonrecourse loan program (including the program authorized by section 1445e of this title) is in effect is insufficient to cover the principal and accumulated interest on a loan made under such program, thereby encouraging default by a producer, the Secretary may provide for settlement of such loan and redemption by the producer of the commodity securing such loan for less than the total of the principal and all interest accumulated thereon if the Secretary determines that such reduction in the settlement price will yield benefits to the Federal Government due to—

(1) receipt by the Federal Government of a portion rather than none of the accumulated interest;

(2) avoidance of default; or

(3) elimination of storage, handling, and carrying charges on the forfeited commodity.

(e) Reopening of production control or loan programs to allow for payment in kind

When a production control or loan program is in effect for a crop of a major agricultural commodity, the Secretary may at any time prior to harvest reopen the program to participating producers for the purpose of accepting bids from producers for the conversion of acreage planted to such crop to diverted acres in return for payment in kind from Commodity Credit Corporation surplus stocks of the commodity to which the acreage was planted, if the Secretary determines that (1) changes in domestic or world supply or demand conditions have substantially changed after announcement of the program for that crop, and (2) without action to further adjust production, the Federal Government and producers will be faced with a burdensome and costly surplus. Such payments in kind shall not be included within the payment limitation per person established under section 1308 of this title, but shall be limited to a total $20,000 per year per producer for any one commodity.

(f) Other authorities of Secretary not affected

The authority provided in this section shall be in addition to, and not in place of, any authority granted to the Secretary under any other provision of law.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1009, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1453; Pub. L. 101–134, §3, Oct. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 781; Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1603(g)(1), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1011; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1603(g)(1), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1739.)

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(g)(1), struck out "of $50,000" before "per person" in second sentence.

1989—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–134, in introductory provisions, inserted "(including the program authorized by section 1445e of this title)" after "nonrecourse loan program" and substituted "benefits" for "savings" and struck out concluding provisions which read as follows: "but the Secretary may not reduce the settlement price to less than the principal due on the loan".

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

§1309. Normally planted acreage and target prices

(a) Authorized planted acreage for 1982 through 1995 crops of wheat and feed grains as prerequisite for loan, etc.; eligibility; determinations; records

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever a set-aside program is in effect for one or more of the 1982 through 1995 crops of wheat and feed grains, the Secretary of Agriculture may require, as a condition of eligibility for loans, purchases, and payments for such crops under the Agricultural Act of 1949 [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.], that producers not exceed the acreage on the farm normally planted to crops designated by the Secretary, adjusted as deemed necessary by the Secretary to be fair and equitable among producers and reduced by any set-aside or diverted acreage. Such normal crop acreage for any crop year shall be determined as provided by the Secretary. The Secretary may require producers participating in the program to keep such records as the Secretary determines necessary to assist in making such determination.

(b) Established price payments

Notwithstanding any other provision of law—

(1) Whenever the Secretary, for one or more of the 1982 through 1995 crops of wheat and feed grains, requires that producers not exceed the acreage on the farm normally planted to crops designated by the Secretary in accordance with subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary may increase the established price payments for any such commodity by such amount (or if there are no such payments in effect for such crop by providing for payments in such amount) as the Secretary determines appropriate to compensate producers for not exceeding the acreage on the farm normally planted to crops designated by the Secretary and participation in any required set-aside with respect to such commodity.

(2) In determining the amount of any payments for any commodity under this subsection, the Secretary shall take into account changes in the costs of production resulting from not exceeding the acreage on the farm normally planted to crops designated by the Secretary and participation in any required set-aside with respect to such commodity.

(3) If payments are provided for any commodity under this subsection, the Secretary may provide for payments for any other commodity in such amount as the Secretary determines necessary for effective operation of the program.

(4) The Secretary shall adjust any payments under this subsection to reflect, in whole or in part, any land diversion payments for the commodity for which an increase is determined.

(c) Marketing quotas in effect for 1987 through 1995 crops of wheat; reduction in normally planted acreage as condition prerequisite for loan, etc.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever marketing quotas are in effect for any of the 1987 through 1995 crops of wheat, the Secretary of Agriculture may require, as a condition of eligibility for loans, purchases, and payments on any commodity under the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.), that the acreage normally planted to crops designated by the Secretary, adjusted as considered necessary by the Secretary to be fair and equitable among producers, shall be reduced by a quantity equal to—

(1) the acreage that the Secretary determines would normally be planted to wheat on a farm; minus

(2) the individual farm program acreage for the farm under section 107B(d)(3)(A) ¹ of such Act.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title X, §1001, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 950; Pub. L. 95–279, title I, §101, May 15, 1978, 92 Stat. 240; Pub. L. 95–334, title V, §501(a), Aug. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 434; Pub. L. 96–213, §6, Mar. 18, 1980, 94 Stat. 120; Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, §1106, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1265; Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1014, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1456; Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1141, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3515.)

References in Text

The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§1421 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Section 107B(d)(3)(A) of such Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is section 107B(d)(3)(A) of the Agricultural Act of 1949, which was classified to section 1445b–3a(d)(3)(A) of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §171(b)(2)(D), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1990—Subsecs. (a), (b)(1), (c). Pub. L. 101–624, §1141(1), substituted "1995" for "1990".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 101–624, §1141(2), substituted "section 107B(d)(3)(A)" for "section 107D(d)(3)(A)".

1985—Subsecs. (a), (b)(1). Pub. L. 99–198 substituted "1982 through 1990" for "1982 through 1985".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–198 added subsec. (c).

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–98 substituted provision authorizing the Secretary, whenever a set-aside program is in effect for one or more of the 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat and feed grains, to require as a condition of eligibility for loans, purchases, and payments for such crops that the producers not exceed the acreage on the farm normally planted to crops designated by the Secretary and permitting the Secretary to require producers participating in the program to keep records necessary to assist the Secretary in determining normal crop acreage for any crop year for provision authorizing the Secretary, effective for one or more of the 1980 and 1981 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice, to require as a condition of eligibility for loans, purchases, and payments that the producers not exceed the acreage on the farm normally planted to crops designated by the Secretary.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–98 substituted provision relating to established price increase for one or more of the 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat and feed grains for provision relating to established price increase for one or more of the 1980 and 1981 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–98 struck out subsec. (c) which related to loans, purchases, and payments for producers of the 1980 crop of any commodity who exceeded the authorized acreage.

1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–213 amended subsec. (a) generally, temporarily substituting provisions relating to requiring producers not to exceed the acreage on the farm normally planted to designated crops, as reduced, for the 1980 and 1981 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice, for provisions relating to reduction of acreage normally planted to designated crops by the acreage set-aside or diversion for the 1978 through 1981 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1980 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–213 amended subsec. (b) generally, temporarily substituting provisions relating to increases of the established price as compensation to producers for not exceeding the acreage in accordance with subsection (a) and participating in set-asides for 1980 and 1980 crops for provisions relating to increases of the established prices to compensate producers for participation in set-asides for 1978 through 1981 crops. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1980 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–213, in amending section generally, temporarily added subsec. (c). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1980 Amendment note below.

1978—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–334 added applicability to rice.

Pub. L. 95–279 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1980 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–213, §6, Mar. 18, 1980, 94 Stat. 120, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective for the 1980 and 1981 crops.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendments

Pub. L. 95–334, title V, §501(b), Aug. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 434, provided that: "This section [amending this section] shall become effective October 1, 1978, and any producers who, prior to such date, receive payments on the 1978 crop of rice as computed under the Agricultural Act of 1949 [see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title], as amended by the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 [see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title], may elect after September 30, 1978, to receive payments as computed under section 1001(b) of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, as amended by this section."

Pub. L. 95–279, title I, §103, May 15, 1978, 92 Stat. 241, provided that: "Sections 101 and 102 [amending this section and section 1444 of this title] of this title shall become effective October 1, 1978, and any producers who, prior to such date, receive loans and payments on the 1978 crop of the commodity as computed under the Agricultural Act of 1949 [see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title], as amended by the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 [see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title] may elect after September 30, 1978, to receive loans and payments as computed under this title."

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.

¹ See References in Text note below.

§1310. American agriculture protection program

(a) Determination of short supply; suspension of commercial export sales; parity price

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever the President or any other member of the executive branch of the Federal Government causes to be suspended, based upon a determination of short supply, the commercial export sales of any commodity, as defined in subsection (c) of this section, to any country or area with which the United States otherwise continues commercial trade, the Secretary of Agriculture shall, on the day the suspension is initiated, set the loan level for such commodity under the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.], if a loan program is in effect for the commodity, at 90 per centum of the parity price for the commodity, as such parity price is determined on the day the suspension is initiated.

(b) Duration of loan level

Any loan level established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall remain in effect as long as the suspension of commercial export sales described in subsection (a) remains in effect.

(c) "Commodity" defined

For purposes of this section, the term "commodity" shall include any of the following: wheat, corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, oats, rye, barley, rice, flaxseed, and cotton.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title X, §1002, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 950.)

References in Text

The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§1421 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.

§1310a. Normal supply of commodity for 1986 through 1995 crops

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if the Secretary of Agriculture determines that the supply of wheat, corn, upland cotton, or rice for the marketing year for any of the 1986 through 1995 crops of such commodity is not likely to be excessive and that program measures to reduce or control the planted acreage of the crop are not necessary, such a decision shall constitute a determination that the total supply of the commodity does not exceed the normal supply and no determination to the contrary shall be made by the Secretary with respect to such commodity for such marketing year.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1019, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1459; Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1142, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3515.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1310a, Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, §1107, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1266, provided for a normal supply of commodities for the 1982 through 1985 crops.

Amendments

1990—Pub. L. 101–624 substituted "1995" for "1990".

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

Part B—Marketing Quotas

subpart i—marketing quotas—tobacco

§§1311 to 1314–1. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §611(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1522

Section 1311, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §311, 52 Stat. 45, set forth legislative findings.

Section 1312, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §312, 52 Stat. 46; Mar. 26, 1938, ch. 54, 52 Stat. 120; Aug. 7, 1939, ch. 562, 563, 53 Stat. 1261; June 13, 1940, ch. 360, §§2, 3, 54 Stat. 392; Nov. 22, 1940, ch. 914, §§2, 5, 54 Stat. 1209, 1210; Feb. 28, 1942, ch. 123, 56 Stat. 121; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §208, 62 Stat. 1257; Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 639, 69 Stat. 557; June 22, 1956, ch. 427, 70 Stat. 330; Pub. L. 99–272, title I, §1104(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 89, related to national tobacco marketing quotas.

Section 1313, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §313, 52 Stat. 47; Apr. 7, 1938, ch. 107, §5, 52 Stat. 202; May 31, 1938, ch. 292, §2, 52 Stat. 586; Aug. 7, 1939, ch. 564, 53 Stat. 1261; June 13, 1940, ch. 360, §4, 54 Stat. 392; Feb. 6, 1942, ch. 44, §1, 56 Stat. 51; Apr. 29, 1943, ch. 80, 57 Stat. 69; Oct. 17, 1951, ch. 511, 65 Stat. 422; Mar. 31, 1955, ch. 21, §§3, 4, 69 Stat. 24; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 789, 69 Stat. 670; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 799, 69 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 85–489, §1, July 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 291; Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §378(d), as added Pub. L. 85–835, title V, §501, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 995; Pub. L. 89–12, §2, Apr. 16, 1965, 79 Stat. 72; Pub. L. 90–106, Oct. 12, 1967, 81 Stat. 275, related to apportionment of national marketing quotas.

Section 1314, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §314, 52 Stat. 48; Aug. 7, 1939, ch. 565, 53 Stat. 1262; June 13, 1940, ch. 360, §5, 54 Stat. 393; Feb. 19, 1946, ch. 31, §2, 60 Stat. 21; June 22, 1954, ch. 339, 68 Stat. 270; Mar. 31, 1955, ch. 21, §5, 69 Stat. 24; Pub. L. 97–218, title I, §103, title II, §206(a), July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 201, 206, related to penalties for marketing of tobacco which is in excess of quotas or not eligible for price supports.

Section 1314–1, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §314A, as added Pub. L. 97–218, title III, §306, July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 215, related to limitation on sale of tobacco floor sweepings.

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Savings Provision

Repeal not to affect the liability of any person under this subpart with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title.

§1314a. Repealed. Pub. L. 90–51, §2, July 7, 1967, 81 Stat. 121

Section, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §315, as added Aug. 21, 1958, Pub. L. 85–705, 72 Stat. 703, provided for a referendum among producers of type 21 (Virginia) fire-cured tobacco and type 37 Virginia sun-cured tobacco on the question of a single combined tobacco acreage allotment and provided for establishment and subsequent increases and decreases in allotments.

§§1314b to 1314j. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §611(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1522

Section 1314b, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §316, as added Pub. L. 87–200, Sept. 6, 1961, 75 Stat. 469; amended Pub. L. 87–530, July 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 151; Pub. L. 87–824, Oct. 15, 1962, 76 Stat. 947; Pub. L. 88–68, July 19, 1963, 77 Stat. 81; Pub. L. 88–80, July 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 88–469, §§1, 2, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 89–29, May 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 118; Pub. L. 89–321, title VII, §703, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1210; Pub. L. 89–471, June 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 90–6, Mar. 29, 1967, 81 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 90–52, July 7, 1967, 81 Stat. 121; Pub. L. 90–559, §1(1), Oct. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 996; Pub. L. 91–284, §§1–4, June 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 92–311, June 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 215; Pub. L. 93–80, Aug. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 178; Pub. L. 93–464, Oct. 24, 1974, 88 Stat. 1416; Pub. L. 94–445, Oct. 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 1489; Pub. L. 95–54, June 25, 1977, 91 Stat. 250; Pub. L. 97–218, title II, §201, July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §§205(a), 206, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1145, 1147; Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1112(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–7; Pub. L. 101–134, §2(b), Oct. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 781; Pub. L. 106–78, title VIII, §803(c)(6)(A), (B), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1177, 1178; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1611(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 218, related to lease or sale of acreage allotments.

Section 1314b–1, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §316A, as added Pub. L. 97–218, title II, §202, July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 205; amended Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §207(a), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1148, related to mandatory sale of certain Flue-cured tobacco acreage allotments and marketing quotas.

Section 1314b–2, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §316B, as added Pub. L. 97–218, title III, §302, July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 210; amended Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §207(b), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1148, related to mandatory sale of certain Burley tobacco acreage allotments and marketing quotas.

Section 1314c, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §317, as added Pub. L. 89–12, §1, Apr. 16, 1965, 79 Stat. 66; amended Pub. L. 91–284, §5, June 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 97–218, title II, §§203, 205(a), 206(b), July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 205–207; Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §§205(b), 208–210, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1147–1149; Pub. L. 99–182, §4, Dec. 13, 1985, 99 Stat. 1173; Pub. L. 99–241, §1, Jan. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3; Pub. L. 99–272, title I, §§1103(b), 1104(c), 1105(a)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 86, 89, 90; Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1112(b), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–8; Pub. L. 101–134, §2(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 781; Pub. L. 103–66, title I, §1106(d)(2), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 323; Pub. L. 103–437, §4(a)(5), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4581, related to acreage-poundage quotas.

Section 1314d, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §318, as added Pub. L. 90–51, §1, July 7, 1967, 81 Stat. 120; amended Pub. L. 90–387, July 5, 1968, 82 Stat. 293; Pub. L. 92–144, Oct. 23, 1971, 85 Stat. 393; Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §212(a), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 102–566, §1, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4269; Pub. L. 106–224, title II, §204(b)(8), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 402, related to transfers involving fire-cured, dark air-cured, and Virginia sun-cured tobacco.

Section 1314e, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §319, as added Pub. L. 92–10, §1, Apr. 14, 1971, 85 Stat. 23; amended Pub. L. 97–218, title III, §303(b)–(j), July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 211–214; Pub. L. 98–59, §2, July 25, 1983, 97 Stat. 296; Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §211, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 99–241, §2, Jan. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3; Pub. L. 99–272, title I, §§1103(c), 1104(b), (d), 1105(a)(2), 1107, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 86, 89-91; Pub. L. 100–387, title III, §304(a)(1), Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 101–134, §2(a)(1), Oct. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 781; Pub. L. 101–577, §2(a), (b), (d), (e), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2856, 2857; Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §116(1), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1840; Pub. L. 103–66, title I, §1106(d)(1), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 323; Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, §755(a), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1170; Pub. L. 106–224, title II, §204(b)(9)–(12), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 403; Pub. L. 108–7, div. A, title VII, §765(a), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 47, related to farm poundage quotas for certain kinds of tobacco.

Section 1314f, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §320, as added Pub. L. 93–411, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1089; amended Pub. L. 95–592, §17, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2534; Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, §1108, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1266; Pub. L. 97–218, title II, §204, July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 206, related to nonquota tobacco subject to quota.

Section 1314g, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §320A, as added Pub. L. 99–272, title I, §1103(d), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 88, related to submission of purchase intentions by cigarette manufacturers.

Section 1314h, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §320B, as added Pub. L. 99–272, title I, §1106(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 90; amended Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §613, Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1524, related to purchase requirements and penalty for failure to meet them.

Section 1314i, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §320C, as added Pub. L. 103–66, title I, §1106(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 318; amended Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, §422(a), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4964, related to quantity of tobacco grown in the United States that is required to be used by a cigarette manufacturer.

Section 1314j, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §320D, as added Pub. L. 106–47, §1, Aug. 13, 1999, 113 Stat. 228, and Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, §755(b), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1170; amended Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(5) [title II, §211], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-295, related to release of tobacco production and marketing information.

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Savings Provision

Repeal not to affect the liability of any person under this subpart with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title.

Tobacco Definition and Increase of Marketing Quotas and Acreage Allotments To Meet Demand Unaffected by Acreage-Poundage Marketing Quotas and Price Support Provisions

Pub. L. 89–12, §4, Apr. 16, 1965, 79 Stat. 72, which provided that nothing in the Act could be construed as affecting the authority or responsibility of the Secretary of Agriculture under former sections 1301(b)(15) or 1313(i) of this title with respect to providing that different types of tobacco were to be treated as different kinds of tobacco, or with respect to increasing allotments or quotas for farms producing certain types of tobacco, was repealed by Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §§611(n), 643, Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1523, 1536, applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco.

§1315. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §611(o), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1523

Section, acts July 12, 1952, ch. 709, 66 Stat. 597; Mar. 31, 1955, ch. 21, §2, 69 Stat. 24, related to additional Burley tobacco acreage allotments.

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Savings Provision

Repeal not to affect the liability of any person under this section with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title.

§1316. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §611(p), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1523

Section, Pub. L. 89–321, title VII, §703, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1210; Pub. L. 91–284, §6, June 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 97–218, title II, §205(b), July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 206, related to transfer of allotments subsequent to 1965.

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Savings Provision

Repeal not to affect the liability of any person under this section with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title.

subpart ii—acreage allotments—corn

Amendments

1954—Act Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §303, 68 Stat. 902, substituted "Acreage Allotments—Corn" for "Marketing Quotas—Corn" in subpart II heading.

§1321. Legislative finding of effect on interstate and foreign commerce and necessity of regulation

Corn is a basic source of food for the Nation, and corn produced in the commercial corn-producing area moves almost wholly in interstate and foreign commerce in the form of corn, livestock, and livestock products.

Abnormally excessive and abnormally deficient supplies of corn acutely and directly affect, burden, and obstruct interstate and foreign commerce in corn, livestock, and livestock products. When abnormally excessive supplies exist, transportation facilities in interstate and foreign commerce are overtaxed, and the handling and processing facilities through which the flow of interstate and foreign commerce in corn, livestock, and livestock products is directed become acutely congested. Abnormally deficient supplies result in substantial decreases in livestock production and in an inadequate flow of livestock and livestock products in interstate and foreign commerce, with the consequence of unreasonably high prices to consumers.

Violent fluctuations from year to year in the available supply of corn disrupt the balance between the supply of livestock and livestock products moving in interstate and foreign commerce and the supply of corn available for feeding. When available supplies of corn are excessive, corn prices are low and farmers overexpand livestock production in order to find outlets for corn. Such expansion, together with the relative scarcity and high price of corn, forces farmers to market abnormally excessive supplies of livestock in interstate commerce at sacrifice prices, endangering the financial stability of producers, and overtaxing handling and processing facilities through which the flow of interstate and foreign commerce in livestock and livestock products is directed. Such excessive marketings deplete livestock on farms, and livestock marketed in interstate and foreign commerce consequently becomes abnormally low, with resultant high prices to consumers and danger to the financial stability of persons engaged in transporting, handling, and processing livestock in interstate and foreign commerce. These high prices in turn result in another overexpansion of livestock production.

Recurring violent fluctuations in the price of corn resulting from corresponding violent fluctuations in the supply of corn directly affect the movement of livestock in interstate commerce from the range cattle regions to the regions where livestock is fattened for market in interstate and foreign commerce, and also directly affect the movement in interstate commerce of corn marketed as corn which is transported from the regions where produced to the regions where livestock is fattened for market in interstate and foreign commerce.

Substantially all the corn moving in interstate commerce, substantially all the corn fed to livestock transported in interstate commerce for fattening, and substantially all the corn fed to livestock marketed in interstate and foreign commerce, is produced in the commercial corn-producing area. Substantially all the corn produced in the commercial corn-producing area, with the exception of a comparatively small amount used for farm consumption, is either sold or transported in interstate commerce, or is fed to livestock transported in interstate commerce for feeding, or is fed to livestock marketed in interstate and foreign commerce. Almost all the corn produced outside the commercial corn-producing area is either consumed, or is fed to livestock which is consumed, in the State in which such corn is produced.

The conditions affecting the production and marketing of corn and the livestock products of corn are such that, without Federal assistance, farmers, individually or in cooperation, cannot effectively prevent the recurrence of disparities between the supplies of livestock moving in interstate and foreign commerce and the supply of corn available for feeding, and provide for orderly marketing of corn in interstate and foreign commerce and livestock and livestock products in interstate and foreign commerce.

The national public interest requires that the burdens on interstate and foreign commerce above described be removed by the exercise of Federal power. By reason of the administrative and physical impracticability of regulating the movement of livestock and livestock products in interstate and foreign commerce and the inadequacy of any such regulation to remove such burdens, such power can be feasibly exercised only by providing for the withholding from market of excessive and burdensome supplies of corn in times of excessive production, and providing a reserve supply of corn available for market in times of deficient production, in order that a stable and continuous flow of livestock and livestock products in interstate and foreign commerce may at all times be assured and maintained.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §321, 52 Stat. 48.)

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

§1322. Repealed. Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §304, 68 Stat. 902

Section, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §322, 52 Stat. 49; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §203, 62 Stat. 1255; Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §409(e), 63 Stat. 1057, related to establishment, referendum, and suspension of farm marketing quotas.

§1322a. Repealed. July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §203(b), 62 Stat. 1256

Section, act July 26, 1939, ch. 378, 53 Stat. 1125, related to time for proclamation of referendum.

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Jan. 1, 1950, see section 303 of act July 3, 1948, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

§§1323 to 1325. Repealed. Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §304, 68 Stat. 902

Section 1323, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §323, 52 Stat. 50, related to amount of farm marketing quota with respect to corn.

Section 1324, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §324, 52 Stat. 50, related to storage amounts.

Section 1325, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §325, 52 Stat. 51, related to penalties for marketing corn in excess of quota.

§1326. Adjustment of farm marketing quotas

(a) Whenever in any county or other area the Secretary finds that the actual production of corn plus the amount of corn stored under seal in such county or other area is less than the normal production of the marketing percentage of the farm acreage allotments in such county or other area, the Secretary shall terminate farm marketing quotas for corn in such county or other area.

(b) Whenever, upon any farm, the actual production of the acreage of corn is less than the normal production of the marketing percentage of the farm acreage allotment, there may be marketed, without penalty, from such farm an amount of corn from the corn stored under seal pursuant to section 1324 of this title which, together with the actual production of the then current crop, will equal the normal production of the marketing percentage of the farm acreage allotment.

(c) Whenever, in any marketing year, marketing quotas are not in effect with respect to the crop of corn produced in the calendar year in which such marketing year begins, all marketing quotas applicable to previous crops of corn shall be terminated.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §326, 52 Stat. 51.)

References in Text

Section 1324 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b), was repealed by act Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §304, 68 Stat. 902.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Repeals

Act Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §304, 68 Stat. 902, repealed this section insofar as it is applicable to corn. Section has been made applicable to wheat by sections 1330(6) and 1340(6) of this title.

§§1327 to 1329. Omitted

Codification

Sections provided for establishment of a commercial corn-producing area and corn acreage allotments, which were discontinued. See sections 1329a, 1444a, and 1444b of this title.

Section 1327, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §327, 52 Stat. 51; Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §304, 68 Stat. 903, provided for proclamation of commercial corn-producing area not later than February 1 of each year.

Section 1328, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §328, 52 Stat. 52; Apr. 7, 1938, ch. 107, §6, 52 Stat. 202; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §207(a), 62 Stat. 1257; Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §409(f), 63 Stat. 1057; Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §305, 68 Stat. 903, provided for establishment of acreage allotment of corn for each calendar year and proclamation of such acreage allotment not later than February 1 of each year.

Section 1329, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §329, 52 Stat. 52; Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §306, 68 Stat. 903, provided for apportionment of acreage allotment for corn.

§1329a. Discontinuance of acreage allotments on corn

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, acreage allotments and a commercial corn-producing area shall not be established for the 1959 and subsequent crops of corn.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §330, as added Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title I, §104(b)(1), as added Pub. L. 85–835, title II, §201, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 994.)

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

1958 Referendum for Selection of Alternative Corn Program; Operative Status of Certain Provisions

Corn producers voted for adoption of price support program as provided in section 1444a(b) of this title (254,262) rather than alternative corn acreage allotment and price support program (102,907), the ballot making operative sections 1329a and 1444b and repeal of section 1441(d)(4) of this title.

§1330. Omitted

Codification

Section, acts May 26, 1941, ch. 133, 55 Stat. 203; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 626, §2, 55 Stat. 860; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 636, 55 Stat. 872; Aug. 29, 1949, ch. 518, §3(b), 63 Stat. 676; July 14, 1953, ch. 194, §3, 67 Stat. 151; Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §313, 68 Stat. 905, initially contained supplemental provisions relating to wheat and corn marketing quotas; marketing penalty for cotton and rice; crop loans on cotton, corn, wheat, rice, tobacco, and peanuts, but was amended generally in 1954 to make it inapplicable to corn. See section 1340 of this title.

Section was not enacted as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

subpart iii—marketing quotas—wheat

§1331. Legislative finding of effect on interstate and foreign commerce and necessity of regulation

Wheat is a basic source of food for the Nation, is produced throughout the United States by more than a million farmers, is sold on the country-wide market and, as wheat or flour, flows almost entirely through instrumentalities of interstate and foreign commerce from producers to consumers.

Abnormally excessive and abnormally deficient supplies of wheat on the country-wide market acutely and directly affect, burden, and obstruct interstate and foreign commerce. Abnormally excessive supplies overtax the facilities of interstate and foreign transportation, congest terminal markets and milling centers in the flow of wheat from producers to consumers, depress the price of wheat in interstate and foreign commerce, and otherwise disrupt the orderly marketing of such commodity in such commerce. Abnormally deficient supplies result in an inadequate flow of wheat and its products in interstate and foreign commerce with consequent injurious effects to the instrumentalities of such commerce and with excessive increases in the prices of wheat and its products in interstate and foreign commerce.

It is in the interest of the general welfare that interstate and foreign commerce in wheat and its products be protected from such burdensome surpluses and distressing shortages, and that a supply of wheat be maintained which is adequate to meet domestic consumption and export requirements in years of drought, flood, and other adverse conditions as well as in years of plenty, and that the soil resources of the Nation be not wasted in the production of such burdensome surpluses. Such surpluses result in disastrously low prices of wheat and other grains to wheat producers, destroy the purchasing power of grain producers for industrial products, and reduce the value of the agricultural assets supporting the national credit structure. Such shortages of wheat result in unreasonably high prices of flour and bread to consumers and loss of market outlets by wheat producers.

The conditions affecting the production and marketing of wheat are such that, without Federal assistance, farmers, individually or in cooperation, cannot effectively prevent the recurrence of such surpluses and shortages and the burdens on interstate and foreign commerce resulting therefrom, maintain normal supplies of wheat, or provide for the orderly marketing thereof in interstate and foreign commerce.

Wheat which is planted and not disposed of prior to the date prescribed by the Secretary for the disposal of excess acres of wheat is an addition to the total supply of wheat and has a direct effect on the price of wheat in interstate and foreign commerce and may also affect the supply and price of livestock and livestock products. In the circumstances, wheat not disposed of prior to such date must be considered in the same manner as mechanically harvested wheat in order to achieve the policy of the chapter.

The diversion of substantial acreages from wheat to the production of commodities which are in surplus supply or which will be in surplus supply if they are permitted to be grown on the diverted acreage would burden, obstruct, and adversely affect interstate and foreign commerce in such commodities, and would adversely affect the prices of such commodities in interstate and foreign commerce. Small changes in the supply of a commodity could create a sufficient surplus to affect seriously the price of such commodity in interstate and foreign commerce. Large changes in the supply of such commodity could have a more acute effect on the price of the commodity in interstate and foreign commerce and, also, could overtax the handling, processing, and transportation facilities through which the flow of interstate and foreign commerce in such commodity is directed. Such adverse effects caused by overproduction in one year could further result in a deficient supply of the commodity in the succeeding year, causing excessive increases in the price of the commodity in interstate and foreign commerce in such year. It is, therefore, necessary to prevent acreage diverted from the production of wheat to be used to produce commodities which are in surplus supply or which will be in surplus supply if they are permitted to be grown on the diverted acreage.

The provisions of this subpart affording a cooperative plan to wheat producers are necessary in order to minimize recurring surpluses and shortages of wheat in interstate and foreign commerce, to provide for the maintenance of adequate reserve supplies thereof, to provide for an adequate and orderly flow of wheat and its products in interstate and foreign commerce at prices which are fair and reasonable to farmers and consumers, and to prevent acreage diverted from the production of wheat from adversely affecting other commodities in interstate and foreign commerce.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §331, 52 Stat. 52; Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §310, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 618.)

Amendments

1962—Pub. L. 87–703 provided additional findings respecting the addition of wheat to total supply of wheat and effect of such addition on price of wheat and supply and price of livestock and livestock products, the need to prevent the use of acreage diverted from wheat production to produce other commodities in surplus supply and the consequences of a small or large change in the supply of a commodity and the necessity of a cooperative plan to wheat producers to provide for flow of wheat at fair and reasonable prices to farmers and consumers and to prevent diverted acreage from production of wheat from adversely affecting other commodities in interstate and foreign commerce.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–703 effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Pub. L. 101–624, title III, §303, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3400, provided that: "Sections 331 through 339, 379b, and 379c of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1331 through 1339, 1379b, and 1379c) shall not be applicable to the 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat."

Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §310(b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1395, provided that: "Sections 331, 339, 379b, and 379c of such Act [the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938] (7 U.S.C. 1331, 1339, 1379b, and 1379c) shall not be applicable to the 1986 through 1990 crops of wheat."

Pub. L. 97–98, title III, §303, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1227, provided that: "Sections 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 338, 339, 379b, and 379c of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 [this section and sections 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1338, 1339, 1379b, and 1379c of this title] shall not be applicable to the 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat."

Pub. L. 95–113, title IV, §404, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 927, provided that: "Sections 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 338, 339, 379b, and 379c of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [this section and sections 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1338, 1339, 1379b, and 1379c of this title], shall not be applicable to the 1978 through 1981 crops of wheat."

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §404(1), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(11), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that this section is not applicable to 1971 through 1977 crops of wheat.

§1332. National marketing quota

(a) Proclamation; duration of program

Whenever prior to April 15 in any calendar year the Secretary determines that the total supply of wheat in the marketing year beginning in the next succeeding calendar year will, in the absence of a marketing quota program, likely be excessive, the Secretary shall proclaim that a national marketing quota for wheat shall be in effect for such marketing year and for either the following marketing year or the following two marketing years, if the Secretary determines and declares in such proclamation that a two- or three-year marketing quota program is necessary to effectuate the policy of the chapter.

(b) Amount; minimum

If a national marketing quota for wheat has been proclaimed for any marketing year, the Secretary shall determine and proclaim the amount of the national marketing quota for such marketing year not earlier than January 1 or later than April 15 of the calendar year preceding the year in which such marketing year begins. The amount of the national marketing quota for wheat for any marketing year shall be an amount of wheat which the Secretary estimates (i) will be utilized during such marketing year for human consumption in the United States as food, food products, and beverages, composed wholly or partly of wheat, (ii) will be utilized during such marketing year in the United States for seed, (iii) will be exported either in the form of wheat or products thereof, and (iv) will be utilized during such marketing year in the United States as livestock (including poultry) feed, excluding the estimated quantity of wheat which will be utilized for such purpose as a result of the substitution of wheat for feed grains under section 1339c of this title; less (A) an amount of wheat equal to the estimated imports of wheat into the United States during such marketing year and, (B) if the stocks of wheat owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation are determined by the Secretary to be excessive, an amount of wheat determined by the Secretary to be a desirable reduction in such marketing year in such stocks to achieve the policy of the chapter: Provided, That if the Secretary determines that the total stocks of wheat in the Nation are insufficient to assure an adequate carryover for the next succeeding marketing year, the national marketing quota otherwise determined shall be increased by the amount the Secretary determines to be necessary to assure an adequate carryover: And provided further, That the national marketing quota for wheat for any marketing year shall be not less than one billion bushels.

(c) National emergencies or material increase in demand; investigation; increase or termination

If, after the proclamation of a national marketing quota for wheat for any marketing year, the Secretary has reason to believe that, because of a national emergency or because of a material increase in the demand for wheat, the national marketing quota should be terminated or the amount thereof increased, he shall cause an immediate investigation to be made to determine whether such action is necessary in order to meet such emergency or increase in the demand for wheat. If, on the basis of such investigation, the Secretary finds that such action is necessary, he shall immediately proclaim such finding and the amount of any such increase found by him to be necessary and thereupon such national marketing quota shall be so increased or terminated. In case any national marketing quota is increased under this subsection, the Secretary shall provide for such increase by increasing acreage allotments established under this subpart by a uniform percentage.

(d) Farm marketing quotas for wheat crops planted in calendar years 1966–1970

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Secretary shall proclaim a national marketing quota for the crops of wheat planted for harvest in the calendar years 1966 through 1970, and farm marketing quotas shall not be in effect for such crops of wheat.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §332, 52 Stat. 53; Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §307, 68 Stat. 903; Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §311, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 619; Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §501(1), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1199; Pub. L. 90–559, §1(1), Oct. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 996; Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §302, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1378.)

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–198 temporarily substituted "Proclamation of marketing quotas" for "National marketing quota" in section catchline. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–198 amended subsec. (a) generally, temporarily substituting provisions defining the terms "base period" and "marketing quota period" for provisions which authorized the Secretary to proclaim a national marketing quota for wheat for either a two- or three-year period. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–198 amended subsec. (b) generally, temporarily substituting provisions authorizing the proclamation of a national marketing quota for each marketing year, not later than June 15, 1986, in an amount which the Secretary determines is required to meet anticipated needs during such marketing year, and the conducting of a marketing quota referendum not later than Aug. 1, 1986 for provisions which had authorized the proclamation of a national marketing quota upon a determination made between Jan. 1 and Apr. 15 of the calendar year preceding the year in which the marketing year began, which determination had to provide a minimum of one billion bushels for any marketing year, and investigation of stocks to adjust for imports and excessive or insufficient amounts generally. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–198 amended subsec. (c) generally, temporarily substituting provisions requiring the Secretary to adjust or terminate the national marketing quota in the event of a national emergency or material change in the demand for wheat for provisions which had required the Secretary to cause an immediate investigation to be made to determine whether termination or increase in the quota was necessary in order to meet such emergency or increase in demand, and struck out provisions requiring the Secretary to proclaim such findings and the amount of any increase, with any such increase to be based on a uniform percentage. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–198 amended section generally, temporarily striking out subsec. (d) which provided for farm marketing quotas for wheat crops planted in calendar years 1969–1970. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

1968—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–559 provided for a one year extension through 1970.

1965—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–321 changed item (iv) from the average amount of wheat which was used for livestock feed during 1959–60 to the amount which will be utilized during the marketing year for which the quota is being determined for livestock feed, excluding the estimated quantity of wheat which will be utilized for such purpose as a result of the substitution of wheat for feed grains under section 1339c of this title.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–321 added subsec. (d).

1962—Pub. L. 87–703 substituted provisions for proclamation of a national marketing quota upon a determination made prior to April 15 in any calendar year, the duration of such a program, the amount of, including the minimum, quota, and investigation of stocks to increase or terminate the quota during national emergencies or material increase in demand for provision for proclamation, not later than May 15 of each calendar year, of a national marketing quota for the crop produced in the next calendar year.

1954—Act Aug. 28, 1954, struck out proclamations relating to supplies, and changed proclamation date from July 15 to May 15.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §302, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1378, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective only for the 1987 through 1990 crops of wheat.

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §501, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1199, provided that the amendments made by section 501 (amending this section and sections 1333, 1334, 1335, and 1339 of this title) are effective beginning with the crop planted for harvest in the calendar year 1966.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–703 effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–270, Apr. 10, 1990, 104 Stat. 134, provided: "That section 332 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1332) shall not be applicable to the 1991 crop of wheat."

Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §310(a), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1395, provided that: "Sections 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, and 338 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1332–1336 and 1338) shall not be applicable to the 1986 crop of wheat."

Section inapplicable to 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1978 through 1981 crops of wheat, see section 404 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §404(1), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(11), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that this section is not applicable to 1971 through 1977 crops of wheat.

1965 Crop National Marketing Quota and Crop Acreage Allotment

Pub. L. 88–297, title II, §201, Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 178, directed Secretary to not proclaim a national marketing quota for 1965 crop of wheat and that farm marketing quotas shall not be in effect for such crop of wheat, and required Secretary to proclaim a national acreage allotment for 1965 crop of wheat which shall be the number of acres which he determined would make available an adequate supply of wheat, but not less than forty-nine million five hundred thousand acres.

Deferral of Proclamation for 1963 Crop

Pub. L. 87–485, June 15, 1962, 76 Stat. 103, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to defer until July 15, 1962, any proclamation under this section with respect to a national acreage allotment for 1963 crop of wheat and any proclamation under section 1335 of this title with respect to marketing quotas for such crop of wheat.

Pub. L. 87–450, May 15, 1962, 76 Stat. 69, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to defer until June 15, 1962, any proclamation under this section with respect to a national acreage allotment for 1963 crop of wheat and any proclamation under section 1335 of this title for such crop of wheat.

Deferral of Proclamation for 1960 Crop

Pub. L. 86–27, May 15, 1959, 73 Stat. 25, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to defer until June 1, 1959, any proclamation under this section with respect to a national acreage allotment for 1960 crop of wheat and any proclamation under section 1335 of this title with respect to marketing quotas for such crop of wheat.

§1333. National acreage allotment

The Secretary shall proclaim a national acreage allotment for each crop of wheat. The amount of the national acreage allotment for any crop of wheat shall be the number of acres which the Secretary determines on the basis of the projected national yield and expected underplantings (acreage other than that not harvested because of program incentives) of farm acreage allotments will produce an amount of wheat equal to the national marketing quota for wheat for the marketing year for such crop, or if a national marketing quota was not proclaimed, the quota which would have been determined if one had been proclaimed.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §333, 52 Stat. 53; June 20, 1938, ch. 518, 52 Stat. 775; July 26, 1939, ch. 377, 53 Stat. 1125; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §207(b), 62 Stat. 1257; Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §312, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 620; Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §501(2), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1199; Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §303, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1379.)

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–198 amended section generally, temporarily substituting provisions relating to the establishment and determination of a marketing quota apportionment factor for each crop of wheat for which a national marketing quota is proclaimed under section 1332 of this title for provisions relating to the proclamation and determination of a national acreage allotment for each crop of wheat. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

1965—Pub. L. 89–321 substituted projected national yield for expected yield in the determination of the basis to be used in arriving at the national acreage allotment, inserted limiting parenthetical reference to acreage other than that harvested because of program incentives, and struck out references to expected production on the increases in acreage allotments for farms based upon small-farm base acreages pursuant to section 1335 of this title and to the expected production on the increased acreages resulting from the small-farm exemption pursuant to section 1335 of this title.

1962—Pub. L. 87–703 substituted provision for proclamation of a national acreage allotment at the time of proclamation of the national marketing quota in an amount that would be the number of acres which on the basis of expected yields would, together with the expected production on increases in acreage allotments for small farms and on increased acreages resulting from the small-farm exemption, make available a supply equal to the national marketing quota for provision for determination of the national acreage allotment as such acreage as on the basis of the national average yield would produce an amount, which, with estimated carryover and imports, would make available a supply equal to a normal year's domestic consumption and exports plus 30 per centum and prescribing a national acreage allotment for wheat for 1938 at sixty-two million five hundred thousand acres and for any year at not less than fifty-five million acres.

1948—Act July 3, 1948, required the Secretary to take imports into consideration in determining acreage allotments for the purposes of marketing quotas.

1939—Act July 26, 1939, amended last sentence.

1938—Act June 20, 1938, inserted last sentence.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §303, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1379, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective only for the 1987 through 1990 crops of wheat.

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–321 effective beginning with crop planted for harvest in calendar year 1966, see section 501 of Pub. L. 89–321, set out as a note under section 1332 of this title.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–703 effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Effective Date of 1948 Amendment

Amendment by act July 3, 1948, effective Jan. 1, 1950, see section 303 of act July 3, 1948, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1986 crop of wheat, see section 310(a) of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 1332 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1978 through 1981 crops of wheat, see section 404 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §404(2), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(11), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that this section is not applicable to 1972 through 1977 crops of wheat.

1965 Crop Acreage Allotment

Proclamation of a national acreage allotment for 1965 crop of wheat that will make available an adequate supply of wheat but shall not be less than forty-nine million five hundred thousand acres, see section 201 of Pub. L. 88–297, set out as a note under section 1332 of this title.

§1334. Apportionment of national acreage allotment

(a) Apportionment among States; special acreage reserve

The national allotment for wheat, less a reserve of not to exceed 1 per centum thereof for apportionment as provided in this subsection and less the special acreage reserve provided for in this subsection, shall be apportioned by the Secretary among the States on the basis of the preceding year's allotment for each such State, including all amounts allotted to the State and including for 1967 the increased acreage in the State allotted for 1966 under section 1335 of this title, adjusted to the extent deemed necessary by the Secretary to establish a fair and equitable apportionment base for each State, taking into consideration established crop rotation practices, estimated decrease in farm allotments because of loss of history, and other relevant factors. The reserve acreage set aside herein for apportionment by the Secretary shall be used (1) to make allotments to counties in addition to the county allotments made under subsection (b) of this section, on the basis of the relative needs of counties for additional allotments because of reclamation and other new areas coming into production of wheat, or (2) to increase the allotment for any county, in which wheat is the principal grain crop produced, on the basis of its relative need for such increase if the average ratio of wheat acreage allotment to cropland on old wheat farms in such county is less by at least 20 per centum than such average ratio on old wheat farms in an adjoining county or counties in which wheat is the principal grain crop produced or if there is a definable contiguous area consisting of at least 10 per centum of the cropland acreage in such county in which the average ratio of wheat acreage allotment to cropland on old wheat farms is less by at least 20 per centum than such average ratio on the remaining old wheat farms in such county, provided that such low ratio of wheat acreage allotment to cropland is due to the shift prior to 1951 from wheat to one or more alternative income-producing crops which, because of plant disease or sustained loss of markets, may no longer be produced at a fair profit and there is no other alternative income-producing crop suitable for production in the area or county. The increase in the county allotment under clause (2) of the preceding sentence shall be used to increase allotments for old wheat farms in the affected area to make such allotments comparable with those on similar farms in adjoining areas or counties but the average ratio of increased allotments to cropland on such farms shall not exceed the average ratio of wheat acreage allotment to cropland on old wheat farms in the adjoining areas or counties. There also shall be made available a special acreage reserve of not in excess of one million acres as determined by the Secretary to be desirable for the purposes hereof which shall be in addition to the national acreage reserve provided for in this subsection. Such special acreage reserve shall be made available to the States to make additional allotments to counties on the basis of the relative needs of counties, as determined by the Secretary, for additional allotments to make adjustments in the allotments on old wheat farms (that is, farms on which wheat has been seeded or regarded as seeded to one or more of the three crops immediately preceding the crop for which the allotment is established) on which the ratio of wheat acreage allotment to cropland on the farm is less than one-half the average ratio of wheat acreage allotment to cropland on old wheat farms in the county. Such adjustments shall not provide an allotment for any farm which would result in an allotment-cropland ratio for the farm in excess of one-half of such county average ratio and the total of such adjustments in any county shall not exceed the acreage made available therefor in the county. Such apportionment from the special acreage reserve shall be made only to counties where wheat is a major income-producing crop, only to farms on which there is limited opportunity for the production of an alternative income-producing crop, and only if an efficient farming operation on the farm requires the allotment of additional acreage from the special acreage reserve. For the purposes of making adjustments hereunder the cropland on the farm shall not include any land developed as cropland subsequent to the 1963 crop year.

(b) Apportionment among counties

The State acreage allotment for wheat, less a reserve of not to exceed 3 per centum thereof for apportionment as provided in subsection (c) of this section, shall be apportioned by the Secretary among the counties in the State, on the basis of the preceding year's wheat allotment in each such county, including for 1967 the increased acreage in the county allotted for 1966 pursuant to section 1335 of this title, adjusted to the extent deemed necessary by the Secretary in order to establish a fair and equitable apportionment base for each county, taking into consideration established crop rotation practices, estimated decrease in farm allotments because of loss of history, and other relevant factors.

(c) Apportionment among farms; overplanted allotments; reductions; notice

(1) The allotment to the county shall be apportioned by the Secretary, through the local committees, among the farms within the county on the basis of past acreage of wheat, tillable acres, crop-rotation practices, type of soil, and topography. Not more than 3 per centum of the State allotment shall be apportioned to farms on which wheat has not been planted during any of the three marketing years immediately preceding the marketing year in which the allotment is made. For the purpose of establishing farm acreage allotments—(i) the past acreage of wheat on any farm for 1958 or 1965 shall be the base acreage determined for the farm under the regulations issued by the Secretary for determining 1958 or 1965 farm wheat acreage allotments; (ii) if subsequent to the determination of such base acreage the 1958 or 1965 wheat acreage allotment for the farm is increased through administrative, review, or court proceedings, the 1958 or 1965 farm base acreage shall be increased in the same proportion; and (iii) the past acreage of wheat for 1959 and any subsequent year except 1965 shall be the wheat acreage on the farm which is not in excess of the farm wheat acreage allotment, plus, in the case wheat acreage on the farm which is not in excess of wheat acreage allotment, the acreage diverted under such wheat allotment programs: Provided, That for 1959 and subsequent years in the case of any farm on which the entire amount of the farm marketing excess is delivered to the Secretary or stored in accordance with applicable regulations to avoid or postpone payment of the penalty, the past acreage of wheat for the year in which such farm marketing excess is so delivered or stored shall be the farm base acreage of wheat determined for the farm under the regulations issued by the Secretary for determining farm wheat acreage allotments for such year, but if any part of the amount of wheat so stored is later depleted and penalty becomes due by reason of such depletion, for the purpose of establishing farm wheat acreage allotments subsequent to such depletion the past acreage of wheat for the farm for the year in which the excess was produced shall be reduced to the farm wheat acreage allotment for such year.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, each old or new farm acreage allotment for the 1962 crop of wheat as determined on the basis of a minimum national acreage allotment of fifty-five million acres shall be reduced by 10 per centum. In the event notices of farm acreage allotments for the 1962 crop of wheat have been mailed to farm operators prior to the effective date of this subparagraph (2), new notices showing the required reduction shall be mailed to farm operators as soon as practicable.

(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection, the past acreage of wheat for 1967 and any subsequent year shall be the acreage of wheat planted, plus the acreage regarded as planted, for harvest as grain on the farm which is not in excess of the farm acreage allotment.

(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection (c), the farm acreage allotment for the 1967 and any subsequent crop of wheat shall be established for each old farm by apportioning the county wheat acreage allotment among farms in the county on which wheat has been planted, or is considered to have been planted, for harvest as grain in any one of the three years immediately preceding the year for which allotments are determined on the basis of past acreage of wheat and the farm acreage allotment for the year immediately preceding the year for which the allotment is being established, adjusted as hereinafter provided. For purposes of this paragraph, the acreage allotment for the immediately preceding year may be adjusted to reflect established crop-rotation practices, may be adjusted downward to reflect a reduction in the tillable acreage on the farm, and may be adjusted upward to reflect such other factors as the Secretary determines should be considered for the purpose of establishing a fair and equitable allotment: Provided, That (i) for the purposes of computing the allotment for any year, the acreage allotment for the farm for the immediately preceding year shall be decreased by 7 per centum if for the year immediately preceding the year for which such reduction is made neither a voluntary diversion program nor a voluntary certificate program was in effect and there was noncompliance with the farm acreage allotment for such year; (ii) for purposes of clause (i), any farm on which the entire amount of farm marketing excess is delivered to the Secretary, stored, or adjusted to zero in accordance with applicable regulations to avoid or postpone payment of the penalty when farm marketing quotas are in effect, shall be considered in compliance with the allotment, but if any part of the amount of wheat so stored is later depleted and penalty becomes due by reason of such depletion, the allotment for such farm next computed after determination of such depletion shall be reduced by reducing the allotment for the immediately preceding year by 7 per centum; and (iii) for purposes of clause (i) if the Secretary determines that the reduction in the allotment does not provide fair and equitable treatment to producers on farms following special crop rotation practices, he may modify such reduction in the allotment as he determines to be necessary to provide fair and equitable treatment to such producers.

(d) Repealed. Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §501(6), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1201

(e) Increase in acreage allotments and marketing quotas for class II durum wheat

If, with respect to the 1962 and 1963 crops of wheat, the Secretary determines that the acreage allotments of farms producing durum wheat are inadequate to provide for the production of a sufficient quantity of durum wheat to satisfy the demands therefor (but not including export demand involving a subsidy by, or a loss to, the Federal Government), he shall increase the farm marketing quotas and acreage allotments for such crop of wheat for farms located in counties in the States of North Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, South Dakota, and California, designated by the Secretary as counties which (1) are capable of producing durum wheat (class II), and (2) have produced such wheat for commercial food products during one or more of the five years immediately preceding the year in which such crop is harvested. The Secretary shall determine the percentage factor by which the average acreage of durum wheat (class II) produced during the last two-year period for which statistics are available (excluding any increases in durum wheat acreage as a result of increases in wheat acreage allotments authorized by this subsection) must be increased to satisfy such demand. The wheat acreage allotment for any farm established for such crop without regard to this subsection, after reduction in the case of the 1962 crop as required by subsection (c)(2) (hereinafter referred to as the "original allotment"), shall be increased by an acreage computed by multiplying the average acreage of durum wheat (class II) on the farm during such two-year period (excluding any increase in the acreage of durum wheat as a result of an increase in the wheat acreage allotment for the farm authorized by this subsection) by such percentage factor: Provided, That such increased allotment shall not exceed the cropland on the farm well suited to wheat. The increase in the wheat acreage allotment for any farm shall be conditioned upon the production of an acreage of durum wheat (class II) at least equal to the average acreage of such wheat produced during such two-year period plus the number of acres by which the allotment is increased. Any increases in wheat acreage allotments authorized by this subsection shall be in addition to the National, State, and county wheat acreage allotments, and such increases shall not be considered in establishing future State, county, and farm allotments. The provisions of sections 1326(b) and 1340(6) of this title, relating to the reduction of the storage amount of wheat shall apply to the allotment for the farm established without regard to this subsection and not to the increased allotment under this subsection. As used in this subsection the term "durum wheat" means durum wheat (class II) other than the varieties known as "Golden Ball" and "Peliss". Any farm receiving an increased allotment under this subsection shall not be required as a condition of eligibility for price support, or permitted, to participate in the special 1962 wheat program formulated under section 124 of the Agricultural Act of 1961, or section 307 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1962. The Secretary shall give growers and millers of durum wheat and manufacturers of semolina products an opportunity to present their views and recommendations, prior to making any determination hereunder.

(f) Voluntary surrender of acreage allotment

Any part of any 1955, 1956, or 1957 farm wheat acreage allotment on which wheat will not be planted and which is voluntarily surrendered to the county committee shall be deducted from the allotment to such farm and may be reapportioned by the county committee to other farms in the same county receiving allotments in amounts determined by the county committee to be fair and reasonable on the basis of past acreage of wheat tillable acres, crop rotation practices, type of soil, and topography. If all of the allotted acreage voluntarily surrendered is not needed in the county, the county committee may surrender the excess acreage to the State committee to be used for the same purposes as the State acreage reserve under subsection (c) of this section. Any allotment transferred under this provision shall be regarded for the purposes of subsection (c) of this section as having been planted on the farm from which transferred rather than on the farm to which transferred, except that this shall not operate to make the farm from which the allotment was transferred eligible for an allotment as having wheat planted thereon during the three-year base period: Provided, That notwithstanding any other provisions of law, any part of any 1955, 1956, or 1957 farm acreage allotment may be permanently released in writing to the county committee by the owner and operator of the farm, and reapportioned as provided herein. Acreage surrendered, reapportioned under this subsection, and planted shall be credited to the State and county in determining future acreage allotments.

(g) Plantings in excess of allotments or where no allotment is established

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no acreage in the commercial wheat-producing area seeded to wheat for harvest as grain in 1958 or thereafter except 1965 in excess of acreage allotments shall be considered in establishing future State and county acreage allotments. The planting on a farm in the commercial wheat-producing area of wheat of the 1958 or any subsequent crop for which no farm wheat acreage allotment was established shall not make the farm eligible for an allotment as an old farm pursuant to the first sentence of subsection (c) of this section nor shall such farm by reason of such planting be considered ineligible for an allotment as a new farm under the second sentence of such subsection.

(h) Omitted

(i) Increase in acreage allotments for any kind of wheat in short supply; storage reduction and land-use provisions inapplicable to such wheat

If, with respect to any crop of wheat, the Secretary finds that the acreage allotments of farms producing any type of wheat are inadequate to provide for the production of a sufficient quantity of such type of wheat to satisfy the demand therefor, the wheat acreage allotment for such crop for each farm located in a county designated by the Secretary as a county which (1) is capable of producing such type of wheat, and (2) has produced such type of wheat for commercial food products during one or more of the five years immediately preceding the year in which such crop is harvested, shall be increased by such uniform percentage as he deems necessary to provide for such quantity. No increase shall be made under this subsection in the wheat acreage allotment of any farm for any crop if any wheat other than such type of wheat is planted on such farm for such crop. Any increases in wheat acreage allotments authorized by this subsection shall be in addition to the National, State, and county wheat acreage allotments, and such increases shall not be considered in establishing future State, county, and farm allotments. The provisions of sections 1326(b) and 1340(6) of this title, relating to the reduction of the storage amount of wheat shall apply to the allotment for the farm established without regard to this subsection and not to the increased allotment under this subsection. The land-use provisions of section 1339 of this title shall not be applicable to any farm receiving an increased allotment under this subsection and the producers on such farms shall not be required to comply with such provisions as a condition of eligibility for price support.

(j) Increased durum wheat acreage allotments to Tulelake area, California, for 1970 and subsequent years; factors determinative; effect of increased allotments on marketing allocations and diversion payments

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Secretary shall increase the acreage allotments for the 1970 and subsequent crops of wheat for privately owned farms in the irrigable portion of the area known as the Tulelake division of the Klamath project of California located in Modoc and Siskiyou Counties, California, as defined by the United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, and hereinafter referred to as the area. The increase for the area for each such crop shall be determined by adding, to the extent applications are made therefor, to the total allotments established for privately owned farms in the area for the particular crop without regard to this subsection (hereinafter referred to as the original allotments) an acreage sufficient to make available for each such crop a total allotment of twelve thousand acres for the area. The additional allotments made available by this subsection shall be in addition to the National, State, and county allotments otherwise established under this section, and the acreage planted to wheat pursuant to such increases in allotments shall not be taken into account in establishing future State, county, and farm acreage allotments except as may be desirable in providing increases in allotments for subsequent years under this subsection for the production of Durum wheat. The Secretary shall apportion the additional allotment acreage made available under this subsection between Modoc and Siskiyou Counties on the basis of the relative needs for additional allotments for the portion of the area in each county. The Secretary shall allot such additional acreage to individual farms in the area for which applications for increased acreages are made on the basis of tillable acres, crop rotation practices, type of soil and topography, and the original allotment for the farm, if any. The increase in the wheat acreage allotment for any farm under this subsection (1) shall not be taken into account in computing the farm wheat marketing allocation under section 1379b of this title, and (2) shall be conditioned upon the production of Durum wheat on the original allotment and on the increased acreage. The producers on a farm receiving an increased allotment under this subsection shall not be eligible for diversion payments under section 1339 of this title.

(k) Transfer of farm wheat acreage allotments in case of natural disasters

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, if the Secretary determines that because of a natural disaster a portion of the farm wheat acreage allotments in a county cannot be timely planted or replanted, he may authorize the transfer of all or a part of the wheat acreage allotment for any farm in the county so affected to another farm in the county or in an adjoining county on which one or more of the producers on the farm from which the transfer is to be made will be engaged in the production of wheat and will share in the proceeds thereof, in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe. Any farm allotment transferred under this subsection shall be deemed to be planted on the farm from which it was transferred for the purposes of acreage history credits under this chapter.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §334, 52 Stat. 53; Apr. 7, 1938, ch. 107, §7, 52 Stat. 203; Feb. 6, 1942, ch. 44, §2, 56 Stat. 52; July 14, 1953, ch. 194, §1, 67 Stat. 151; Jan. 30, 1954, ch. 2, §4, 68 Stat. 6; Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §308, 68 Stat. 903; Feb. 19, 1955, ch. 8, 69 Stat. 9; Mar. 16, 1956, ch. 86, 70 Stat. 50; May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title III, §301, 70 Stat. 203; Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1030, §2, 70 Stat. 1117; Pub. L. 85–13, Apr. 2, 1957, 71 Stat. 10; Pub. L. 85–203, §2, Aug. 28, 1957, 71 Stat. 477; Pub. L. 85–366, Apr. 4, 1958, 72 Stat. 78; Pub. L. 85–390, May 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 101; Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §378(d), as added Pub. L. 85–835, title V, §501, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 996; Pub. L. 86–385, Feb. 20, 1960, 74 Stat. 4; Pub. L. 86–419, Apr. 9, 1960, 74 Stat. 39; Pub. L. 87–128, title I, §§121, 125, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 296, 300; Pub. L. 87–357, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 778; Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §§308(a), 313, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 618, 620; Pub. L. 88–64, July 17, 1963, 77 Stat. 79; Pub. L. 88–297, title II, §202(1)–(5), Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 178, 179; Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §501(3)–(7), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1199–1201; Pub. L. 90–243, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 781; Pub. L. 91–220, Mar. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 86; Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §304, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1379.)

References in Text

Section 124 of the Agricultural Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (e), is section 124 of Pub. L. 87–128 which was set out below.

Section 307 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1962, referred to in subsec. (e), is section 307 of Pub. L. 87–703 which was set out below.

Codification

For omission of subsec. (h), see 1963 Amendment note below.

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–198, in amending section generally, temporarily substituted "Farm marketing quotas" for "Apportionment of national acreage allotment" in section catchline. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–198 amended subsec. (a) generally, temporarily substituting provisions requiring the Secretary to establish, for each crop of wheat for which a national marketing quota under section 1332 of this title has been proclaimed, a farm marketing quota for each farm on which wheat was planted, or considered planted, for harvest during the base period for provisions which required the Secretary to apportion the national acreage allotment for wheat, less a national acreage reserve and a special reserve which were provided for herein, among the States on the basis of each State's allotment for the preceding year, adjusted to the extent deemed necessary by the Secretary to establish a fair and equitable apportionment base for each State. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–198 amended subsec. (b) generally, temporarily substituting provisions establishing a formula for determination of the farm marketing quota for provisions which required the Secretary to apportion each State's acreage allotment for wheat among the counties of the State, less a reserve not to exceed 3 per centum thereof, on the basis of the preceding year's wheat allotment in each such county, adjusted to the extent deemed necessary by the Secretary in order to establish a fair and equitable apportionment base for each county. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–198 amended subsec. (c) generally, temporarily substituting provisions defining the circumstances under which wheat shall be considered to have been planted for harvest on the farm in any crop year for provisions relating to the apportionment among farms of each county's allotment under this section. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–198, in amending section generally, temporarily added subsec. (d).

Subsecs. (e) to (k). Pub. L. 99–198, in amending section generally, temporarily struck out subsecs. (e) to (k) as follows:

Subsec. (e) related to increase in acreage allotments and marketing quotas for class II durum wheat.

Subsec. (f) related to voluntary surrender of acreage allotments for 1955, 1956, and 1957 crops of wheat.

Subsec. (g) related to plantings in excess of allotments or where no allotment was established, in the case of 1958 and subsequent crops of wheat.

Subsec. (h). There is no subsec. (h) for 1964 and subsequent crop years. Subsec. (h) was omitted pursuant to the 1963 amendment to this section by Pub. L. 88–64. See 1963 Amendments note set out under this section.

Subsec. (i) related to an increase in acreage allotments for any kind of wheat in short supply, and enumerated provisions of law inapplicable to such wheat.

Subsec. (j) related to increased durum wheat acreage allotments to the Tulelake area in California for 1970 and subsequent crops of wheat.

Subsec. (k) related to transfer of farm wheat acreage allotments in case of natural disasters.

See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

1970—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 91–220 removed the 1963 deadline on the Secretary's power to increase acreage allotments, empowering him to do so for the 1970 and subsequent wheat crops, made the area increase for each crop determinable, among other factors, by the extent to which applications are received therefor, removed requirement that acreage planted to wheat pursuant to increased allotments be considered in establishing future state, county and farm acreage allotments except where such consideration may be desirable in providing increased allotments for production of Durum wheat in subsequent years, conditioned wheat acreage allotments upon the production of Durum wheat on the original and increased acreage allotment, prohibited consideration of the increased acreage allotment in computing the farm wheat marketing allocation under section 1379b of this title, made producers on farms receiving increased allotments ineligible for diversion payments under section 1339 of this title, and struck out provisions prohibiting such producers from receiving price support, provisions making land use rules of section 1339 of this title inapplicable to farms receiving additional allotments, and provisions relating to 1962 and 1963 wheat crops.

1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–243 inserted provisions allowing the Secretary to make additional use, with specified limitations, of the 1 percent national wheat acreage allotment reserve in counties which have wheat as the principal grain crop, an average ratio of wheat acreage allotment to cropland on old wheat farms at least 20 percent below that in an adjoining county or alternative ratio, a low ratio caused by a shift prior to 1951 from wheat to an alternative crop or crops which have become unprofitable because of plant disease or sustained loss of markets, and no alternative income-producing crop.

1965—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–321, §501(3), substituted the preceding year's allotment for the acreage seeded for the production of wheat over the preceding ten-year period as the basis for determining the state's apportioned share of the national acreage allotment and made provision for a special acreage reserve to be apportioned only to counties where wheat is a major income-producing crop.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–321, §501(4), substituted the county's allotment covering the preceding year for the acreage seeded for the production of wheat during the ten calendar years immediately preceding the calendar year in which the national acreage allotment is determined as the basis for determining the county's allotment.

Subsec. (c)(3), (4). Pub. L. 89–321, §501(5), added pars. (3) and (4).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–321, §501(6), repealed subsec. (d) dealing with farms on which the entire amount of the farm marketing excess has been delivered to the Secretary or stored in accordance with applicable provisions.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89–321, §501(7), struck out "except as prescribed in the provisos to the first sentence of subsections (a) and (b) respectively of this section" after "county acreage allotments."

1964—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–297, §202(1), provided (1) for the apportionment among the States of the national acreage allotment for wheat less the special acreage reserve; (2) that in establishing State acreage allotments, the acreage seeded for the production of wheat plus the acreage diverted for 1965 for any farm shall be the base acreage of wheat determined for the farm under regulations for determining farm wheat acreage allotments for 1965; and (3) beginning with the 1965 crop, a special acreage reserve and uses of such reserve and apportionment to counties of such reserve.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–297, §202(2), provided that in establishing county acreage allotments, the acreage seeded for the production of wheat plus the acreage diverted for 1965 for any farm shall be the base acreage of wheat determined for the farm under regulations for determining farm wheat acreage allotments for 1965.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 88–297, §202(3), inserted in third sentence, cls. (i) and (ii), "or 1965" after "1958" wherever appearing and in third sentence, cl. (iii), "except 1965" after "any subsequent year."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 88–297, §202(4), inserted in first sentence "except 1965" after "in 1958 or thereafter".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 88–297, §202(5), added subsec. (k).

1963—Subsec. (h). There is no subsec. (h) for 1964 and Subsequent Wheat Crops. Pub. L. 87–703, §313(2), redesignated former subsec. (i) (so designated through the 1963 Wheat Crop) as (h). Pub. L. 88–64, §1(a), redesignated former subsec. (i) (so designated through the 1963 Wheat Crop) as (j).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 88–64, §1(a), redesignated former subsec. (i) (so designated through the 1963 Wheat Crop) as (j). Pub. L. 87–703, §313(4), added subsec. (i) (effective with the 1964 Wheat Crop). See 1962 Amendment note hereunder.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 88–64 redesignated former subsec. (i) (so designated through the 1963 Wheat Crop) as (j), inserted "privately owned" before "farms" in first and second sentences and increased from eight to twelve thousand acres the total acreage allotment for each crop.

1962—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 87–703, §§308(a), 313(1), inserted provision respecting participation in the special wheat program formulated under section 307 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1962 and substituted "the 1962 and 1963 crops" for "any of the 1962, 1963, and 1964 crops", respectively.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 87–703, §313(2), redesignated former subsec. (h) as (g). Former subsec. (g), which related to weather conditions, underplanting, and subnormal production affecting acreage allotments, was repealed by such section 313(2). See section 1377 of this title.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 87–703, §313 (2), (3), redesignated former subsec. (i) as (h) and inserted the sentence "The land-use provisions of section 1339 of this title shall not be applicable to any farm receiving an additional allotment under this subsection." Former subsec. (h) redesignated (g). See Effective Date of 1962 Amendment note below making the changes effective with the 1964 Wheat Crop. Pub. L. 88–64, §1(a), redesignated former subsec. (i) (so designated through the 1963 Wheat Crop) as (j). There is no subsec. (h) for 1964 and Subsequent Wheat Crops. See 1963 Amendment note above.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 87–703, §313(4), added subsec. (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (h).

1961—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–128, §121, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 87–128, §125, authorized the Secretary to increase durum wheat acreage allotment during 1962, 1963, and 1964 crops of wheat when he determines that acreage allotments established for durum wheat farms will be inadequate to produce a sufficient quantity of durum wheat to meet demand therefor, not including export demand involving a subsidy by or loss to the Federal Government, by such percentage factor as is determined to be necessary to provide for the increase in quantity the increase not to exceed the cropland on the farm well suited to wheat and to be conditioned upon the production of an acreage of durum wheat (class II) at least equal to the average acreage of such wheat produced during prescribed two-year period plus the number of acres by which the allotment is increased, provided that any farm receiving an increased durum wheat allotment shall not be required as a condition of price support, or permitted, to participate in the special 1962 wheat diversion program, and required the Secretary to become familiar with the views and recommendations of durum wheat grower and millers and manufacturers of semolina products prior to making any determinations. Former provisions of the subsection related to increase in allotment for durum wheat farms for 1957 crop of wheat, conditioned upon the production of durum wheat (class II) on the increased acreage and determined by adding to the allotment established without regard to subsec. (e) an acreage equal to the acreage by which the original allotment exceeded the 1957 acreage on the farm of classes of wheat other than durum wheat (class II), but not exceeding the smaller of the cropland on the farm well suited to wheat or the wheat acreage on the farm.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 87–357 substituted "1958 through 1963" for "1958 through 1961", and excluded from any general reduction in farm acreage allotments or farm acreage diversion program for the 1962 or 1963 wheat crop, the farms for which acreage allotments are increased under the provisions hereof, unless such reduction is specifically made applicable.

1960—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 86–419 added subsec. (d).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 86–385 substituted "1958 through 1961" for "1958 and 1959".

1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–366, §1(1), inserted proviso that in establishing State acreage allotments acreage seeded plus acreage diverted for 1959 and subsequent years for farm on which entire marketing excess is delivered to Secretary or stored to avoid penalty shall be base acreage determined for farm by Secretary's regulations for such year, but if such stored wheat is subsequently depleted, resulting in penalty, farm's seeded plus diverted acreage for year excess was produced shall be reduced to acreage allotment for such year.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–366, §1(2), inserted proviso that in establishing county acreage allotments acreage seeded plus acreage diverted for 1959 and subsequent years for farm on which entire marketing excess is delivered to Secretary or stored to avoid penalty shall be base acreage determined for farm by Secretary's regulations for such year, but if such stored wheat is subsequently depleted, resulting in penalty, farm's seeded plus diverted acreage for year excess was produced shall be reduced to acreage for such year.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 85–366, §1(3), inserted sentence relating to establishment of farm acreage allotment for 1958 and past acreage for 1959 and subsequent years, with the proviso that for 1959 and subsequent years, any farm on which entire marketing excess is delivered to Secretary or stored to avoid penalty, the past acreage for the year of delivery or storage shall be the base acreage determined for farm by Secretary's regulations for such year, but if such stored wheat is subsequently depleted, resulting in penalty, past acreage of wheat for year excess was produced shall be reduced to farm allotment for such year.

Subsec. (d). Act Feb. 16, 1938, §378(d), as added by Pub. L. 85–835, repealed subsec. (d) which related to adjustment of allotment upon acquisition of part of farms by United States for defense.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 85–366, §1(4), substituted "future State and county acreage allotments except as prescribed in the provisos to the first sentence of subsections (a) and (b), respectively, of this section" for "future State, county, and farm acreage allotments".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 85–390 added subsec. (i).

1957—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 85–13 substituted "1957" for "1956" in two places, substituted "1952 through 1956" for "1951 through 1955", prohibited increase of acreage allotment under subsec. (e) by more than 60 acres, inserted clause providing for fixing "farm acreage allotment" as allotment established without regard to subsec. (e) and clause providing for counting each acre planted to durum wheat as one-half acre of wheat for application of section 1821(a)(1) of this title, and inserted provision that "wheat acreage on the farm" includes acreage in the wheat acreage report.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 85–203 added subsec. (h).

1956—Subsec. (e). Act Mar. 16, 1956, extended increased durum allotment to the 1956 crop and to certain counties in California, shortened the production history from 10 to 5 years and advanced it 1 year to include 1955, and made increased durum allotment dependent upon reduced planting of other wheat.

Subsec. (f). Act May 28, 1956, substituted "1955, 1956, or 1957" for "1955", in two places.

Subsec. (g). Act Aug. 7, 1956, added subsec. (g).

1955—Subsec. (e). Act Feb. 19, 1955, removed for 1955, requirements restricting increased acreage allotments to producers who devote a normal share of their original allotment to durum and who have produced durum in 1 or more of the preceding 3 years.

1954—Subsec. (e). Act Jan. 30, 1954, added subsec. (e).

Subsec. (f). Act Aug. 28, 1954, added subsec. (f).

1953—Subsec. (a). Act July 14, 1953, provided a reserve of up to 1 percent of the national acreage allotment for counties in which new areas have come into production.

Subsec. (b). Act July 14, 1953, provided for a 3 percent reserve of State acreage allotments for new farms.

Subsec. (c). Act July 14, 1953, recognized the use of past acreage as a factor in making farm allotments and placed the reserves for new farms on a State basis instead of a county basis.

Subsec. (d). Act July 14, 1953, made the provision relating to farms acquired for national-defense purposes apply to farms acquired in 1950 or thereafter instead of 1940 or thereafter.

1942—Subsec. (d). Act Feb. 6, 1942, added subsec. (d).

1938—Subsec. (b). Act Apr. 7, 1938, struck out "net" before "acreage diverted" from parenthetical provision.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §304, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1379, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective only for the 1987 through 1990 crops of wheat.

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–321 effective beginning with crop planted for harvest in calendar year 1966, see section 501 of Pub. L. 89–321, set out as a note under section 1332 of this title.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Amendment by section 313 of Pub. L. 87–703 effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Effective Date of 1956 Amendment

Act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1030, §2, 70 Stat. 1117, provided that the amendment made by that act is effective beginning with the 1957 crop of wheat.

Effective Date of 1955 Amendment

Act Feb. 19, 1955, ch. 8, 69 Stat. 9, provided that the amendment made by that act is effective beginning with the 1955 crop of wheat.

Effective Date of 1953 Amendment

Act July 14, 1953, ch. 194, §5, 67 Stat. 152, provided that: "Sections 1, 2, and 3 of this Act [amending this section and section 1340 of this title and repealing section 1339 of this title] shall become effective with respect to the 1954 and subsequent crops of wheat."

Savings Provision

Transfer or reassignment of allotment as remaining in effect and ineligibility of displaced farm owner for additional allotment notwithstanding repeal of subsec. (d), see note set out under section 1378 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1986 crop of wheat, see section 310(a) of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 1332 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1978 through 1981 crops of wheat, see section 404 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §404(2), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(11), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that this section is not applicable to 1972 through 1977 crops of wheat.

Farm Acreage Allotments for 1966 Crop of Wheat

Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §512, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1205, required the national, State, county, and farm acreage allotments for the 1966 crop of wheat to be established in accordance with the provisions of law in effect prior to Nov. 3, 1965.

1963 Diverted Wheat Acreage Program

Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §307, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 615, provided that payments were authorized to be made in cash or wheat by the Commodity Credit Corporation to producers on any farm, except farms with new farm wheat allotments, if marketing quotas were in effect for the 1963 wheat crop, if they diverted certain acreage from wheat production, and if they devoted such acreage to conservation uses; that such acreage was to be in addition to acreage diverted to conservation uses for which payment was made under other federal programs although cost-sharing payments under the agricultural conservation program or the Great Plains program were not precluded; that advance payments up to fifty per cent could be made; that wheat stored to avoid a marketing quota penalty was not to be released for underplanting based on such diverted acreage; that the Secretary could promulgate regulations; and that the Commodity Credit Corporation could use its capital funds and assets to make payments.

Applicability of 1963 Diverted Wheat Acreage Program to Increased Allotment Farms

Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §308(b), Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 618, provided that the special wheat program formulated under section 307 of Pub. L. 87–703 [set out above] was not applicable to any farm receiving an additional acreage allotment for wheat in short supply under section 334(i) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [subsec. (i) of this section].

1962 Diverted Wheat Acreage Program

Pub. L. 87–128, title I, §124, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 297, as amended by Pub. L. 87–410, Mar. 3, 1962, 76 Stat. 19; Pub. L. 87–451, §§1–3, May 15, 1962, 76 Stat. 70, provided that producers on any farm, except farms with a new farm wheat allotment, were entitled to payments if marketing quotas were in effect for the 1962 wheat crop, if they diverted certain acreage from wheat production, and if such diverted acreage were devoted to conservation uses; that the payments were to be made by the Commodity Credit Corporation in cash or wheat and computed as therein provided; that additional acreage could be diverted and payments made with respect thereto; that any diverted acreage was to be in addition to acreage diverted for conservation uses for which payment is made under any other federal program except that cost-sharing payments under the agricultural conservation program or the Great Plains program were not precluded; that advance payments up to 50 per cent could be made; that wheat stored to avoid a marketing quota penalty was not to be released for underplanting based on such diverted acreage; that the Secretary could promulgate regulations; and that the Commodity Credit Corporation could use its capital funds and assets to make payments.

Acreage Allotment for 1954 Crop

Act July 14, 1953, ch. 194, §4(a), 67 Stat. 152, provided that the National acreage allotment for the 1954 crop of wheat shall not be less than sixty-two million acres.

Acreage Allotment for 1950 Crop

Act Aug. 29, 1949, ch. 518, §5, 63 Stat. 677, provided that the farm acreage allotment of wheat for 1950 crop for any farm was not to be less than the larger of—

(A) 50 per centum of—

(1) the acreage on the farm seeded for the production of wheat in 1949, and

(2) any other acreage seeded for the production of wheat in 1948 which was fallowed and from which no crop was harvested in the calendar year 1949, or

(B) 50 per centum of—

(1) the acreage on the farm seeded for the production of wheat in 1948, and

(2) any other acreage seeded for the production of wheat in 1947 which was fallowed and from which no crop was harvested in the calendar year 1948,

adjusted in the same ratio as the national average seedings for the production of wheat during the ten calendar years 1939–1948 (adjusted as provided by this chapter) bore to the national acreage allotment for wheat for the 1950 crop: Provided, That no acreage was to be included under (A) or (B) which the Secretary, by appropriate regulations, determined would become an undue erosion hazard under continued farming. To the extent that the allotment to any county was insufficient to provide for such minimum farm allotments, the Secretary was to allot such county such additional acreage (which was to be in addition to the county, State, and national acreage allotments otherwise provided for under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [this chapter]) as was necessary in order to provide for such minimum farm allotments.

Emergency Farm Acreage Allotment

Act Feb. 28, 1945, ch. 15, 59 Stat. 9, provided for farm acreage allotment during national emergency proclaimed by the President on Sept. 8, 1939, and May 27, 1941. Such emergencies terminated on July 25, 1947, by the provisions of Joint Res. July 25, 1947, ch. 327, §3, 61 Stat. 451.

§1334a. Omitted

Codification

Section, act Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §314, 68 Stat. 905, related to 1955 wheat acreage allotment in areas where a summer fallow crop rotation of wheat was a common practice.

§1334a–1. Summer fallow farms; upper limit on required set aside acreage for 1971 through 1977 wheat, feed grain, and cotton crops

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the 1971 through 1977 crops of wheat, feed grains and cotton, if in any year at least 55 per centum of the cropland acreage on an established summer fallow farm is devoted to a summer fallow use, no further acreage shall be required to be set aside under the wheat, feed grain and cotton programs for such year.

(Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §410, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1367; Pub. L. 93–86, §1(17), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 230.)

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agricultural Act of 1970, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1973—Pub. L. 93–86 substituted "1971 through 1977" for "1971, 1972, and 1973".

§1334b. Designation of States outside commercial wheat-producing areas

If the acreage allotment for any State for any crop of wheat is twenty-five thousand acres or less, the Secretary, in order to promote efficient administration of this chapter and the Agricultural Act of 1949 [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.], may designate such State as outside the commercial wheat-producing area for the marketing year for such crop. If such State is so designated, acreage allotments for such crop and marketing quotas for the marketing year therefor shall not be applicable to any farm in such State. Acreage allotments in any State shall not be increased by reason of such designation.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §334a, as added Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §314, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 620.)

References in Text

The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in text, is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§1421 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Effective Date

Section effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as an Effective Date of 1962 Amendment note under section 1301 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

§1335. Small-farm exemption; small-farm base acreage; election; acreage allotment; land-use provisions; price support; wheat marketing certificates

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subpart, no farm marketing quota for any crop of wheat shall be applicable to any farm with a farm acreage allotment of less than fifteen acres if the acreage of such crop of wheat does not exceed the small-farm base acreage determined for the farm, unless the operator elects in writing on a form and within the time prescribed by the Secretary to be subject to the farm acreage allotment and marketing quota. The small-farm base acreage for a farm shall be the smaller of (A) the average acreage of the crop of wheat planted for harvest in the three years 1959, 1960, and 1961, or such later three-year period, excluding 1963, determined by the Secretary to be representative, with adjustments for abnormal weather conditions, established crop-rotation practices on the farm, and such other factors as the Secretary determines should be considered for the purpose of establishing a fair and equitable small-farm base acreage, or (B) fifteen acres. The acreage allotment for any farm shall be the larger of (1) the small-farm base acreage determined as provided above on the basis of the three-year period 1959–1961, reduced by the same percentage by which the national acreage allotment for the crop is reduced below fifty-five million acres, or (2) the acreage allotment determined without regard to (1) above. If the operator of any such farm fails to make such election with respect to any crop of wheat, (i) for the purposes of section 1340 of this title, the farm acreage allotment for such crop of wheat shall be deemed to be the larger of (A) the small-farm base acreage or (B) the acreage allotment for the farm, (ii) the land-use provisions of section 1339 of this title shall be inapplicable to the farm, (iii) such crop of wheat shall not be eligible for price support, and (iv) wheat marketing certificates applicable to such crop shall not be issued with respect to the farm. The additional acreage required to provide acreage allotments for farms based upon small-farm base acreages under this section shall be in addition to National, State, and county acreage allotments. This section shall not be applicable to the crops planted for harvest in 1967 and subsequent years.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §335, 52 Stat. 54; July 26, 1939, ch. 379, 53 Stat. 1126; June 6, 1940, ch. 237, 54 Stat. 232; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §§204(a), 62 Stat. 1256; Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §309, 68 Stat. 903; Pub. L. 85–203, §1, Aug. 28, 1957, 71 Stat. 477; Pub. L. 87–128, title I, §122(e), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 297; Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §315, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 621; Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §501(8), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1201; Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §305, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1380.)

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–198 amended section generally, temporarily substituting provisions relating to marketing penalties for provisions for small-farm exemptions from marketing quotas. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

1965—Pub. L. 89–321 made section inapplicable to crops planted for harvest in 1967 and subsequent years.

1962—Pub. L. 87–703 substituted provisions for small-farm exemption from marketing quotas for provisions of subsecs. (a), (b), (c), (e), and (f), respecting the establishment of marketing quotas, the amount of national and farm marketing quotas, designation of States outside commercial wheat-producing areas (now covered by section 1334b of this title), and feed wheat exemption permitting any producer to harvest up to 30 acres of wheat without penalty if the entire crop is used on the farm where produced.

1961—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 87–128 repealed subsec. (d) which provided that no farm marketing quota with respect to wheat shall be applicable in any marketing year to any farm on which the normal production of the acreage planted to wheat of the current crop is less than 200 bushels.

1957—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 85–203 added subsec. (f).

1954—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 28, 1954, §309(a), substituted "May 15" for "July 1".

Subsec. (e). Act Aug. 28, 1954, §309(b), added subsec. (e).

1948—Subsec. (a). Act July 3, 1948, changed conditions which must be determined by the Secretary to exist before marketing quotas can be imposed.

1940—Subsec. (d). Act June 6, 1940, substituted "two hundred" for "one hundred".

Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §305, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1380, provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 99–198 is effective only for the 1987 through 1990 crops of wheat.

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–321 effective beginning with the crop planted for harvest in calendar year 1966, see section 501 of Pub. L. 89–321, set out as a note under section 1332 of this title.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–703 effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Effective Date of 1961 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–128, title I, §122(e), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 297, provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 87–128 is effective with the 1962 crop of wheat.

Effective Date of 1948 Amendment

Amendment by act July 3, 1948, effective Jan. 1, 1950, see section 303 of act July 3, 1948, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1986 crop of wheat, see section 310(a) of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 1332 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1978 through 1981 crops of wheat, see section 404 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §404(1), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(11), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that this section is not applicable to 1971 through 1977 crops of wheat.

§1336. Referendum

If a national marketing quota for wheat for one, two, or three marketing years is proclaimed, the Secretary shall, not later than August 1 of the calendar year in which such national marketing quota is proclaimed, conduct a referendum, by secret ballot, of farmers to determine whether they favor or oppose marketing quotas for the marketing year or years for which proclaimed. Any producer who has a farm acreage allotment shall be eligible to vote in any referendum held pursuant to this section, except that a producer who has a farm acreage allotment of less than fifteen acres shall not be eligible to vote unless the farm operator elected pursuant to section 1335 of this title to be subject to the farm marketing quota. The Secretary shall proclaim the results of any referendum held hereunder within thirty days after the date of such referendum, and if the Secretary determines that more than one-third of the farmers voting in the referendum voted against marketing quotas, the Secretary shall proclaim that marketing quotas will not be in effect with respect to the crop of wheat produced for harvest in the calendar year following the calendar year in which the referendum is held. If the Secretary determines that two-thirds or more of the farmers voting in a referendum approve marketing quotas for a period of two or three marketing years, no referendum shall be held for the subsequent year or years of such period. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, the referendum with respect to the national marketing quota for wheat for the marketing year beginning June 1, 1986, may be conducted not later than thirty-one days after December 20, 1985.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §336, 52 Stat. 55; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §204(b), 62 Stat. 1256; Pub. L. 87–104, July 25, 1961, 75 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 87–128, title I, §122(f), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 297; Pub. L. 87–540, July 19, 1962, 76 Stat. 170; Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §316, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 621; Pub. L. 88–297, title II, §202(6), Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 179; Pub. L. 89–82, July 24, 1965, 79 Stat. 258; Pub. L. 91–348, July 23, 1970, 84 Stat. 448; Pub. L. 91–455, Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 969; Pub. L. 93–68, July 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 161; Pub. L. 95–48, June 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 229; Pub. L. 97–24, §1, July 23, 1981, 95 Stat. 143; Pub. L. 97–62, Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1010; Pub. L. 97–67, §2, Oct. 20, 1981, 95 Stat. 1039; Pub. L. 97–77, §2(b), Nov. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 1069; Pub. L. 99–63, July 11, 1985, 99 Stat. 119; Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §306, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1382.)

Codification

"December 20, 1985" substituted in text for "adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-ninth Congress".

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–198, temporarily amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "If a national marketing quota for wheat for one, two, or three marketing years is proclaimed, the Secretary shall, not later than August 1 of the calendar year in which such national marketing quota is proclaimed, conduct a referendum, by secret ballot, of farmers to determine whether they favor or oppose marketing quotas for the marketing year or years for which proclaimed. Any producer who has a farm acreage allotment shall be eligible to vote in any referendum held pursuant to this section, except that a producer who has a farm acreage allotment of less than fifteen acres shall not be eligible to vote unless the farm operator elected pursuant to section 1335 of this title to be subject to the farm marketing quota. The Secretary shall proclaim the results of any referendum held hereunder within thirty days after the date of such referendum, and if the Secretary determines that more than one-third of the farmers voting in the referendum voted against marketing quotas, the Secretary shall proclaim that marketing quotas will not be in effect with respect to the crop of wheat produced for harvest in the calendar year following the calendar year in which the referendum is held. If the Secretary determines that two-thirds or more of the farmers voting in a referendum approve marketing quotas for a period of two or three marketing years, no referendum shall be held for the subsequent year or years of such period. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, the referendum with respect to the national marketing quota for wheat for the marketing year beginning June 1, 1986, may be conducted not later than thirty-one days after adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-ninth Congress." See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–63 substituted "year beginning June 1, 1986, may be conducted not later than thirty-one days after adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-ninth Congress" for "year beginning June 1, 1982, may be conducted not later than the earlier of the following: (1) thirty days after adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-seventh Congress, or (2) January 1, 1982".

1981—Pub. L. 97–77 substituted "January 1, 1982" for "November 15, 1981" in sentence covering the date of the referendum for the national marketing quota for wheat for the marketing year beginning June 1, 1982.

Pub. L. 97–62 and Pub. L. 97–67 made identical amendments providing for substitution of "November 15, 1981" for "October 15, 1981" in sentence covering the date of the referendum for the national marketing quota for wheat for the marketing year beginning June 1, 1982.

Pub. L. 97–24 substituted "June 1, 1982" for "June 1, 1978", "Ninety-seventh Congress" for "Ninety-fifth Congress", and "October 15, 1981" for "October 15, 1977".

1977—Pub. L. 95–48 substituted provisions extending the date for the conduct of the referendum with respect to the national marketing for wheat for the marketing year beginning June 1, 1978, by allowing the referendum to be conducted not later than thirty days after the adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-fifth Congress or Oct. 15, 1977, whichever is earlier, for provisions which had set the time limits for the referendums with respect to the national marketing quotas for wheat for the marketing years beginning July 1, 1966, July 1, 1971, and July 1, 1974, respectively.

1973—Pub. L. 93–68 extended time within which the Secretary of Agriculture is required to conduct a referendum with respect to the 1974 crop of wheat, if marketing quotas are to be in effect for that crop, to the earlier of thirty days after adjournment of the first session of the Ninety-third Congress or Oct. 15, 1973.

1970—Pub. L. 91–455 inserted provision extending until 30 days after adjournment sine die of the second session of the 91st Congress the time within which the Secretary of Agriculture is required to conduct a referendum with respect to the 1971 crop of wheat, if marketing quotas are to be in effect for that crop.

Pub. L. 91–348 extended the time within which the Secretary of Agriculture is required to conduct a referendum with respect to the 1971 crop of wheat, if marketing quotas are to be in effect for that crop, to the earlier of thirty days after adjournment sine die of the second session of the ninety-first Congress or October 15, 1970.

1965—Pub. L. 89–82 extended until 30 days after adjournment sine die of the first session of the 89th Congress the time within which the Secretary of Agriculture is required to conduct a referendum with respect to the 1966 crop of wheat, if marketing quotas are to be in effect for that crop.

1964—Pub. L. 88–297 substituted "not later than August 1 of the calendar year in which such national marketing quota is proclaimed" for "not later than sixty days after such proclamation is published in the Federal Register".

1962—Pub. L. 87–703 substituted provisions for a referendum to be held not later than sixty days after publication in the Federal Register of national marketing quota proclamation to determine if the farmers favor or oppose the quota for the year or years for which proclaimed, making producers on farms having farm acreage allotments eligible to vote except farmers with small farm base acreage for which the operator did not elect to be subject to the program, directing results of referendum to be proclaimed within 30 days after date of referendum for provisions for referendum between date of proclamation of national marketing quota and July 25, making farmers, who produced more than 15 acres of wheat eligible to vote, excluding farmers who obtained the feed wheat exemption for the immediately preceding crop, permitting such referendum for marketing year beginning July 1, 1962, to be held not later than Aug. 26, 1961, and excluding farmers from voting in the 1961 referendum who had not produced in excess of 13.5 acres of wheat in at least one of the years 1959, 1960, or 1961 and permitting such referendum for marketing year beginning July 1, 1963, to be held not later than Aug. 31, 1962.

Pub. L. 87–540 inserted provisions for conducting wheat marketing quota referendum for marketing year beginning July 1, 1963, not later than August 31, 1962.

1961—Pub. L. 87–128 prohibited farmers who have not produced in excess of 13.5 acres of wheat in at least one of the years 1959, 1960, or 1961 from voting in the referendum conducted with respect to the national marketing quota for the marketing year beginning July 1, 1962.

Pub. L. 87–104 inserted provisions for conducting wheat marketing quota referendum for marketing year beginning July 1, 1962, not later than August 26, 1961.

1948—Act July 3, 1948, substituted "July 25" for "June 10".

Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §306, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1382, provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 99–198 is effective only for the 1987 through 1990 crops of wheat.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–703 effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Effective Date of 1948 Amendment

Amendment by act July 3, 1948, effective Jan. 1, 1950, see section 303 of act July 3, 1948, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1986 crop of wheat, see section 310(a) of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 1332 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1978 through 1981 crops of wheat, see section 404 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §404(1), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(11), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that this section is not applicable to 1971 through 1977 crops of wheat.

Date of Referendum for 1954 Crop

Act July 14, 1953, ch. 194, §4(b), 67 Stat. 152, provided that the referendum with respect to 1954 crop of wheat could be held as late as Aug. 15, 1953.

§1337. Repealed. Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §317, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 622

Section, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §337, 52 Stat. 55, related to adjustment and suspension of quotas.

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

§1338. Transfer of quotas

Farm marketing quotas for wheat shall not be transferable, but, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary for such purpose, any farm marketing quota in excess of the supply of wheat for such farm for any marketing year may be allocated to other farms on which the acreage allotment has not been exceeded.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §338, 52 Stat. 55; Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §307, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1382.)

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–198 amended section generally, temporarily substituting provisions for voluntary surrender of any part of a farm marketing quota by the producer and reallocation by the Secretary to other farms having farm marketing quotas for provisions authorizing allocation of excess quotas to other farms on which the acreage allotment had not been exceeded. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §307, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1382, provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 99–198 is effective only for the 1987 through 1990 crops of wheat.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1986 crop of wheat, see section 310(a) of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 1332 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1978 through 1981 crops of wheat, see section 404 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §404(1), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(11), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that this section is not applicable to 1971 through 1977 crops of wheat.

§1339. Land use

(a) Penalties: computation, lien, joint and several liability and interest; exceptions: nonsurplus supply crops, substantial impairment, and nonproduction of wheat; diverted acreage: amount, annual identity, and grazing; crops available for marketing

(1) During any year in which marketing quotas for wheat are in effect, the producers on any farm (except a new farm receiving an allotment from the reserve for new farms) on which any crop is produced on acreage required to be diverted from the production of wheat shall be subject to a penalty on such crop, in addition to any marketing quota penalty applicable to such crops, as provided in this subsection unless (1) the crop is designated by the Secretary as one which is not in surplus supply and will not be in surplus supply if it is permitted to be grown on the diverted acreage, or as one the production of which will not substantially impair the purpose of the requirements of this section, or (2) no wheat is produced on the farm, and the producers have not filed an agreement or a statement of intention to participate in the payment program formulated pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. The acreage required to be diverted from the production of wheat on the farm shall be an acreage of cropland equal to the number of acres determined by multiplying the farm acreage allotment by the diversion factor determined by dividing the number of acres by which the national acreage allotment (less an acreage equal to the increased acreage allotted for 1966 pursuant to section 1335 of this title) is reduced below fifty-five million acres by the number of acres in the national acreage allotment (less an acreage equal to the increased acreage allotted for 1966 pursuant to section 1335 of this title). The actual production of any crop subject to penalty under this subsection shall be regarded as available for marketing and the penalty on such crop shall be computed on the actual acreage of such crop at the rate of 65 per centum of the parity price per bushel of wheat as of May 1 of the calendar year in which such crop is harvested, multiplied by the normal yield of wheat per acre established for the farm. Until the producers on any farm pay the penalty on such crop, the entire crop of wheat produced on the farm and any subsequent crop of wheat subject to marketing quotas in which the producer has an interest shall be subject to a lien in favor of the United States for the amount of the penalty. Each producer having an interest in the crop or crops on acreage diverted or required to be diverted from the production of wheat shall be jointly and severally liable for the entire amount of the penalty. The persons liable for the payment or collection of the penalty under this section shall be liable also for interest thereon at the rate of 6 per centum per annum from the date the penalty becomes due until the date of payment of such penalty.

(2) The Secretary may require that the acreage on any farm diverted from the production of wheat be land which was diverted from the production of wheat in the previous year, to the extent he determines that such requirement is necessary to effectuate the purposes of this part.

(3) The Secretary may permit the diverted acreage to be grazed in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

(b) Payment program for 1964 through 1970 crops; terms and conditions; amount; additional diverted acreage; conservation and soil-conserving uses; adjustment; knowledge of exceeding acreage allotment; acreage allotment not exceeded by delivery to Secretary of farm marketing excess or storage in accordance with regulations to avoid or postpone payment of penalty or by farms exempt from marketing quota; new farms ineligible for payments; sharing and medium of payments

The Secretary is authorized to formulate and carry out a program with respect to the crops of wheat planted for harvest in the calendar years 1964 through 1970 under which, subject to such terms and conditions as he determines are desirable to effectuate the purposes of this section, payments may be made in amounts not in excess of 50 per centum of the estimated basic county support rate for wheat not accompanied by marketing certificates on the normal production of the acreage diverted taking into account the income objectives of the chapter, determined by the Secretary to be fair and reasonable with respect to acreage diverted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section. Any producer who complies with his 1964 farm acreage allotment for wheat and with the other requirements of the program shall be eligible to receive payments under the program for the 1964 crop of wheat. The Secretary may permit producers on any farm to divert from the production of wheat an acreage, in addition to the acreage diverted pursuant to subsection (a), equal to 50 per centum of the farm acreage allotment for wheat: Provided, That the producers on any farm may, at their election, divert such acreage in addition to the acreage diverted pursuant to subsection (a), as will bring the total acreage diverted on the farm to twenty-five acres. Such program shall require (1) that the diverted acreage shall be devoted to conservation uses approved by the Secretary; (2) that the total acreage of cropland on the farm devoted to soil-conserving uses, including summer fallow and idle land but excluding the acreage diverted as provided above, shall be not less than the total average acreage of cropland devoted to soil-conserving uses including summer fallow and idle land on the farm during a representative period, as determined by the Secretary, adjusted to the extent the Secretary determines appropriate for (i) abnormal weather conditions or other factors affecting production, (ii) established crop-rotation practices on the farm, (iii) participation in other Federal farm programs, (iv) unusually high percentage of land on the farm devoted to conserving uses, and (v) other factors which the Secretary determines should be considered for the purpose of establishing a fair and equitable soil-conserving acreage for the farm; and (3) that the producer shall not knowingly exceed (i) any farm acreage allotment in effect for any commodity produced on the farm, and (ii) except as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe, with the farm acreage allotments on any other farm for any crop in which the producer has a share: Provided, That no producer shall be deemed to have exceeded a farm acreage allotment for wheat if the entire amount of the farm marketing excess is delivered to the Secretary or stored in accordance with applicable regulations to avoid or postpone payment of the penalty: And provided further, That no producer shall be deemed to have exceeded a farm acreage allotment for any crop of wheat if the farm is exempt from the farm marketing quota for such crop under section 1335 of this title. The producers on a new farm shall not be eligible for payments hereunder. The Secretary shall provide for the sharing of payment among producers on the farm on a fair and equitable basis. Payments may be made in cash or in wheat.

(c) Adjustment of payments

The Secretary may provide for adjusting any payment on account of failure to comply with the terms and conditions of the land-use program formulated under subsection (b) of this section.

(d) Advance payments

Not to exceed 50 per centum of any payment to producers under subsection (b) of this section may be made in advance of determination of performance.

(e) Diverted acreage used for production of certain crops; rate of payment; limitation on rate

The Secretary may permit all or any part of the diverted acreage to be devoted to the production of guar, sesame, safflower, sunflower, castor beans, mustard seed, crambe, plantago ovato, and flaxseed, if he determines that such production of the commodity is needed to provide an adequate supply, is not likely to increase the cost of the price-support program and will not adversely affect farm income, subject to the condition that payment with respect to diverted acreage devoted to any such crop shall be at a rate determined by the Secretary to be fair and reasonable taking into consideration the use of such acreage for the production of such crops: Provided, That in no event shall the payment exceed one-half the rate which otherwise would be applicable if such acreage were devoted to conservation uses.

(f) Additional terms and conditions

The program formulated pursuant to subsection (b) of this section may include such terms and conditions, including provision for the control of erosion, in addition to those specifically provided for herein, as the Secretary determines are desirable to effectuate the purposes of this section.

(g) Regulations

The Secretary is authorized to promulgate such regulations as may be desirable to carry out the provisions of this section.

(h) Commodity Credit Corporation funds and authorization of appropriations for payments and administrative expenses

The Commodity Credit Corporation is authorized to utilize its capital funds and other assets for the purpose of making the payments authorized in this section and to pay administrative expenses necessary in carrying out this section during the period ending June 30, 1965. There is authorized to be appropriated such amounts as may be necessary thereafter to pay such administrative expenses.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §339, as added Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §318, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 622; amended Pub. L. 88–297, title II, §202(7)–(9), Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 179; Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §§501(9), (10), 507, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1201, 1204; Pub. L. 90–559, §1(1), Oct. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 996.)

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1339, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §339, 52 Stat. 55, related to penalties for marketing wheat in excess of quotas, prior to repeal by act July 14, 1953, ch. 194, §§2, 5, 67 Stat. 151, 152, effective with respect to the 1954 and subsequent crops of wheat. See section 1340(2) of this title.

Amendments

1968—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–559 provided for a one year extension through 1970.

1965—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 89–321, §507, inserted "(less an acreage equal to the increased acreage allotted for 1966 pursuant to section 1335 of this title)" after "national acreage allotment" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–321, §501(9), substituted "crops of wheat planted for harvest in the calendar years 1964 through 1969" for "1964 and 1965 crops of wheat", "50 per centum of the farm acreage allotment" for "20 per centum of the farm acreage allotment", and "twenty-five acres" for "fifteen acres".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–321, §501(10), authorized Secretary to permit all or part of diverted acreage to be devoted to mustardseed, crambe, and plantago ovato in addition to previously authorized guar, sesame, safflower, sunflower, castor beans, and flax, if he determines that such production of the commodity is needed, is not likely to increase cost of price-support program, and will not adversely affect farm income, and removed from proviso the prohibition against making available price supports for production of such crops on diverted acreage.

1964—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 88–297, §202(7), temporarily suspended land-use penalties and made the diversion of land from the production of wheat only a condition of eligibility for receiving wheat marketing certificates. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1964 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–297, §202(8), inserted in first sentence "for wheat not accompanied by marketing certificates" after "basic county support rate" and inserted after first sentence "Any producer who complies with his 1964 farm acreage allotment for wheat and with the other requirements of the program shall be eligible to receive payments under the program for the 1964 crop of wheat."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 88–297, §202(9), substituted "June 30, 1965" for "June 30, 1963".

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Amendment by section 501 of Pub. L. 89–321 effective beginning with crop planted for harvest in calendar year 1966, see section 501 of Pub. L. 89–321, set out as a note under section 1332 of this title.

Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §507, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1204, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective beginning with the crop planted for harvest in calendar year 1967.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1964 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–297, title II, §202(7), Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 179, as amended by Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §505(1), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1203; Pub. L. 90–559, §1(1), Oct. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 996, provided that the amendment made by section 202(7) of Pub. L. 88–297 is effective only with respect to the crops planted for harvest in calendar years 1964 through 1970.

Effective Date

Section effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as an Effective Date of 1962 Amendment note under section 1301 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1986 through 1990 crops of wheat, see section 310(b) of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1978 through 1981 crops of wheat, see section 404 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §404(1), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(11), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that this section is not applicable to 1971 through 1977 crops of wheat.

Wheat Diversion Programs; Credits in Establishment of State, County and Farm Acreage Allotments for Wheat

Credits to State, county and farm of acreage diverted from production of wheat as though actually devoted to such production, see section 1339b of this title.

§1339a. Repealed. Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1613(j)(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 221

Section, Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §326, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 631; Pub. L. 88–26, §4, May 20, 1963, 77 Stat. 47; Pub. L. 89–321, title III, §303, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1192; Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1132(c), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3515; Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §118(d), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1842, related to good faith reliance.

§1339b. Wheat diversion programs; credits in establishment of State, county and farm acreage allotments for wheat

In the establishment of State, county, and farm acreage allotments for wheat under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [7 U.S.C. 1281 et seq.], the acreage which is determined under regulations of the Secretary to have been diverted from the production of wheat under the special programs formulated pursuant to section 307 of this Act, section 339 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [7 U.S.C. 1339], and section 124 of the Agricultural Act of 1961, shall be credited to the State, county, and farm as though such acreage had actually been devoted to the production of wheat.

(Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §327, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 631.)

References in Text

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in text, is act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Section 307 of this Act and section 124 of the Agricultural Act of 1961, referred to in text, are, respectively, section 307 of Pub. L. 87–703 and section 124 of Pub. L. 87–128, which were formerly set out as notes under section 1334 of this title.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1962, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

§1339c. Feed grains diversion programs for 1964 and subsequent years; feed grain acreage considered wheat acreage and wheat acreage considered feed grain acreage

Effective with the 1964 crop, during any year in which an acreage diversion program is in effect for feed grains, the Secretary shall, notwithstanding any other provision of law, permit producers of feed grains to have acreage devoted to the production of feed grains considered as devoted to the production of wheat and producers of wheat to have acreage devoted to the production of wheat considered as devoted to the production of feed grains to such extent and subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines will not impair the effective operation of the program for feed grains or wheat. In establishing terms and conditions for permitting wheat to be planted in lieu of oats and rye, the Secretary may take into account the number of feed units per acre of wheat in relation to the number of feed units per acre of oats and rye.

(Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §328, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 631; Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §514, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1206.)

Amendments

1965—Pub. L. 89–321 authorized the Secretary, in establishing terms and conditions for permitting wheat to be planted in lieu of oats and rye, to take into account the number of feed units per acre of wheat in relation to the number of feed units per acre of oats and rye.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1962, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

§1339d. Hay production on set-aside or diverted acreage; storage; emergency use; loans

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall permit any producer who is participating in the wheat program under title IV of this Act, in the feed grain program under title V of this Act, or in the cotton program under title VI of this Act, in any year in which an acreage diversion or set-aside program is in effect, under any such program in which such producer is participating, subject to the conditions prescribed in subsection (b) of this section, to plant and harvest hay from 25 per centum of the acreage on the farm diverted from production under such programs or twenty-five acres, whichever is greater.

(b) Any producer who elects to plant and harvest hay on diverted or set aside acreage pursuant to this section shall first agree not to use any such hay harvested from such acreage unless authorized to do so by the Secretary.

(c) When any diverted or set aside acreage has been planted and harvested under authority of this section, the hay harvested therefrom shall be baled and stored in sealed storage on the farm in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe and shall be available only for use during periods of emergency declared by the Secretary. In order to avoid deterioration of such hay stored on the farm for emergency purposes pursuant to this section, the Secretary may permit such hay to be removed and used or sold from time to time so long as an amount of hay equal to the amount removed is previously placed in storage and sealed.

(d) Any farmer who has hay stored on his farm for emergency purposes pursuant to this section may remove such hay from storage and use it whenever the Secretary has (1) designated as an emergency area the area in which such farm is located, and (2) specifically authorized the use of emergency hay by farmers in the area.

(e) The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to make or guarantee loans to farmers, both tenants and landowners, to assist such farmers in the construction of storage facilities on the farm for the storage of emergency hay pursuant to the provisions of this section if such farmers are unable to obtain loans from commercial sources at reasonable rates and on reasonable terms and conditions. Loans made by the Secretary under this subsection shall be made at the current rate of interest for periods not exceeding ten years, and on such other terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.

(Pub. L. 91–524, title VIII, §805, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1382.)

References in Text

The wheat program under title IV of this Act, the feed grain program under title V of this Act, and the cotton program under title VI of this Act, referred to in subsec. (a), mean the programs for such crops as set out in the Agricultural Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91–524, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1358, as amended. Title IV of that Act enacted section 1334a–1 of this title, amended sections 1301, 1305, 1306, 1378, 1379, 1379b, 1379c, 1379d, 1379e, 1379g, 1385, 1427, 1428, and 1445a of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1301, 1305, 1306, 1330 to 1334, 1335, 1336, 1338, 1339, and 1379c of this title. Title V of that Act amended section 1444b of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 1444b of this title. Title VI of that Act enacted sections 1342a, 1350a, and 2119 of this title, amended sections 1305, 1344b, 1350, 1374, 1378, 1379, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1444, and 1444a of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1305, 1342, 1342a, 1343, 1344, 1344b, 1345, 1346, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1444, and 1446d of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1970 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agricultural Act of 1970, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

§1340. Supplemental provisions relating to wheat marketing quotas; marketing penalty for rice; crop loans on cotton, wheat, rice, tobacco, and peanuts

Notwithstanding the provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [7 U.S.C. 1281 et seq.] (hereinafter referred to as the Act)—

(1) The farm marketing quota for any crop of wheat shall be the actual production of the acreage planted to such crop of wheat on the farm less the farm marketing excess. The farm marketing excess shall be an amount equal to twice the projected farm yield multiplied by the number of acres of such crop of wheat on the farm in excess of the farm acreage allotment for such crop unless the producer, in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary and within the time prescribed therein, establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary the actual production of such crop of wheat on the farm. If such actual production is so established, the farm marketing excess shall be an amount equal to the actual production of the number of acres of wheat on the farm in excess of the farm acreage allotment for such crop. In determining the farm marketing quota and farm marketing excess, any acreage of wheat remaining after the date prescribed by the Secretary for the disposal of excess acres of wheat shall be included as acreage of wheat on the farm, and the production thereof shall be appraised in such manner as the Secretary determines will provide a reasonably accurate estimate of such production. Any acreage of wheat disposed of in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary prior to such date as may be prescribed by the Secretary shall be excluded in determining the farm marketing quota and farm marketing excess. Self-seeded (volunteer) wheat shall be included in determining the acreage of wheat. Marketing quotas for any marketing year shall be in effect with respect to wheat harvested in the calendar year in which such marketing year begins notwithstanding that the wheat is marketed prior to the beginning of such marketing year.

(2) Whenever farm marketing quotas are in effect with respect to any crop of wheat, the producers on a farm shall be subject to a penalty on the farm marketing excess of wheat at a rate per bushel equal to 65 per centum of the parity price per bushel of wheat as of May 1 of the calendar year in which the crop is harvested. Each producer having an interest in the crop of wheat on any farm for which a farm marketing excess of wheat is determined shall be jointly and severally liable for the entire amount of the penalty on the farm marketing excess.

(3) The farm marketing excess for wheat shall be regarded as available for marketing, and the penalty and the storage amount or amounts to be delivered to the Secretary of the commodity shall be computed upon twice the normal production of the excess acreage. Where, upon the application of the producer for an adjustment of penalty or of storage, it is shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the actual production of the excess acreage is less than twice the normal production thereof, the difference between the amount of the penalty or storage as computed upon the basis of twice the normal production and as computed upon the basis of actual production shall be returned to or allowed the producer. The Secretary shall issue regulations under which the farm marketing excess of the commodity for the farm may be stored or delivered to him. Upon failure to store or deliver to the Secretary the farm marketing excess within such time as may be determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the penalty computed as aforesaid shall be paid by the producer. Any wheat delivered to the Secretary hereunder shall become the property of the United States and shall be disposed of by the Secretary for relief purposes in the United States or in foreign countries or in such other manner as he shall determine will divert it from the normal channels of trade and commerce.

(4) Until the producers on any farm store, deliver to the Secretary, or pay the penalty on, the farm marketing excess of any crop of wheat, the entire crop of wheat produced on the farm and any subsequent crop of wheat subject to marketing quotas in which the producer has an interest shall be subject to a lien in favor of the United States for the amount of the penalty.

(5) The penalty upon wheat stored shall be paid by the producer at the time, and to the extent, of any depletion in the amount of the commodity so stored, except depletion resulting from some cause beyond the control of the producer.

(6) Whenever the planted acreage of the then current crop of wheat on any farm is less than the farm acreage allotment for such commodity, the total amount of the commodity from any previous crops required to be stored in order to postpone or avoid payment of penalty shall be reduced by that amount which is equal to the normal production of the number of acres by which the farm acreage allotment exceeds the planted acreage. The provisions of section 326(b) and (c) of the Act [7 U.S.C. 1326(b), (c)] shall be applicable also to wheat.

(7) Until the farm marketing excess of wheat is stored or delivered to the Secretary or the penalty thereon is paid, each bushel of the commodity produced on the farm which is sold by the producer to any person within the United States shall be subject to the penalty as specified in paragraph (2) of this section. Such penalty shall be paid by the buyer, who may deduct an amount equivalent to the penalty from the price paid to the producer. If the buyer fails to collect such penalty, such buyer and all persons entitled to share in the wheat marketed from the farm or the proceeds thereof shall be jointly and severally liable for such penalty.

(8) The marketing penalty for rice produced in the calendar year in which any marketing year begins (if beginning with or after the 1941–1942 marketing year) shall be at a rate equal to 50 per centum of the basic rate of the loan for cooperators for such marketing year under section 302 of the Act [7 U.S.C. 1302] and this section.

(9) Omitted.

(10) The provisions of this section are amendatory of and supplementary to the Act, and all provisions of law applicable in respect of marketing quotas and loans under such Act as so amended and supplemented shall be applicable, but nothing in this section shall be construed to amend or repeal sections 301(b)(6), 323(b), or 335(d) of the Act [7 U.S.C. 1301(b)(6), 1323(b), 1335(d)].

(11) The persons liable for the payment or collection of the penalty on any amount of wheat shall be liable also for interest thereon at the rate of 6 per centum per annum from the date the penalty becomes due until the date of payment of such penalty.

(12) If marketing quotas for wheat are not in effect for any marketing year, all previous marketing quotas applicable to wheat shall be terminated, effective as of the first day of such marketing year. Such termination shall not abate any penalty previously incurred by a producer or relieve any buyer of the duty to remit penalties previously collected by him.

(May 26, 1941, ch. 133, 55 Stat. 203; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 626, §2, 55 Stat. 860; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 636, 55 Stat. 872; Aug. 29, 1949, ch. 518, §3(b), 63 Stat. 676; July 14, 1953, ch. 194, §3, 67 Stat. 151; Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §313, 68 Stat. 905; Pub. L. 87–128, title I, §122(d), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 297; Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §§309, 319, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 618, 624; Pub. L. 87–801, Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 909; Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §511(b), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1205.)

References in Text

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in text, is act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Section 302 of the Act, referred to in par. (8), which was classified to section 1302 of this title, was repealed by act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §414, 63 Stat. 1057.

Section 323(b) of the Act, referred to in par. (10), which was classified to section 1323(b) of this title, was repealed by act Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §304, 68 Stat. 902, and had provided that no farm marketing quota with respect to any crop of corn shall be applicable to any farm on which the normal production of the acreage planted to corn is less than 300 bushels.

Section 335(d) of the Act, referred to in par. (10), which was classified to section 1335(d) of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 87–129, title I, §122(e), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 297, and had provided that no farm marketing quota with respect to wheat shall be applicable in any marketing year to any farm on which the normal production of the acreage planted to wheat of the current crop is less than 200 bushels.

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Par. (9), which directed the Commodity Credit Corporation to make loans upon the 1941 to 1946 cotton, wheat, rice, tobacco, and peanut crops for which producers did not disapprove marketing quotas at the rate of 85% of parity to cooperators and, to noncooperators, at the rate of 60% of the rate specified for cooperators and limited to that amount of the commodity as would be subject to penalty if marketed by the noncooperators, was omitted from the Code.

Amendments

1965—Par. (1). Pub. L. 89–321 substituted "projected farm yield" for "normal yield of wheat per acre established for the farm".

1962—Par. (1). Pub. L. 87–703, §319(1), substituted requirement that computation of the farm marketing excess initially be double the farm normal yield of wheat times the excess acres, such excess acres being reduced to the actual yield times the excess acres, upon proof by the producer of the actual yield, for provision that the farm marketing excess could not be more than the actual production of wheat on the farm less the normal production of the farm acreage allotment and provided that the acreage of wheat not disposed of by the prescribed date would be considered wheat acreage, with the wheat production thereon appraised for the purposes of determining the farm marketing quota and farm marketing excess, that wheat acreage disposed of prior to the disposal date would not be considered acreage and that the acreage of volunteer wheat not disposed of would be considered wheat acreage.

Par. (2). Pub. L. 87–703, §319(2), increased from 45 to 65 per centum the rate of penalty on farm marketing excess and provided for joint and several liability for such penalty.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 87–703, §319(3), required computation of the farm marketing excess initially upon twice the normal yield and eliminated reference to corn. Act Aug. 28, 1954, had made the section in applicable to corn.

Par. (4). Pub. L. 87–703, §319(4), inserted "and any subsequent crop of wheat subject to marketing quotas in which the producer has an interest" after "produced on the farm" and struck out reference to corn. Act Aug. 28, 1954, had made the section inapplicable to corn.

Pars. (5), (6). Pub. L. 87–703, §319(5), (6), struck out reference to corn. Act Aug. 28, 1954, had made section inapplicable to corn.

Par. (7). Pub. L. 87–703, §319(7), (8), redesignated par. (8) as (7), and inserted provision for joint and several liability for penalty and struck out reference to corn, respectively. Act Aug. 28, 1954, had made section inapplicable to corn. Provisions of former par. (7), which provided a 15-acre exemption but provided for a farm marketing quota on 1962 crop of wheat to any farm on which the acreage of wheat exceeded the smaller of (1) 13.5 acres, or (2) of the highest number of acres actually planted to, wheat on the farm for harvest in any of the calendar years 1959, 1960, or 1961 and provisions of former par. (7), added by Pub. L. 87–703, §309, which provided for a farm marketing quota on 1963 crop of wheat to any farm on which the acreage of wheat exceeded the smaller of (1) 15 acres, or (2) the highest number of acres actually planted to wheat on the farm for harvest in any of the calendar years 1959, 1960, or 1961, or 1963 (provided by Pub. L. 87–801), were repealed by such section 319(7) and are covered by section 1335 of this title.

Pars. (8) to (10). Pub. L. 87–703, §319(7), redesignated pars. (9) to (11) as (8) to (10). Former par. (8) redesignated (7).

Par. (11). Pub. L. 87–703, §319(9), added par. (11). Former par. (11) redesignated (10).

Par. (12). Pub. L. 87–703, §319(9), added par. (12). Former par. (12), which limited farm marketing excess for any crop of wheat and provided for return to producer of difference between amount of penalty or storage as computed upon farm marketing excess before adjustment and as computed upon adjusted farm marketing excess, where a downward adjustment in amount of farm marketing excess was made, was repealed by such section 319(9).

1961—Par. (7). Pub. L. 87–128 authorized Secretary to prescribe regulations relating to the exemption of farms from marketing quotas on any crop of wheat, specified the exemption for the 1962 crop and eliminated marketing penalty provisions relating to nonallotment farms under the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act.

1954—Act Aug. 28, 1954, amended section generally to make it inapplicable to corn.

1953—Act July 14, 1953, omitted penalty for marketing corn in excess of quotas and changed penalty for marketing wheat in excess of quotas from 50 per centum of basic loan rate on commodity for cooperators to 45 per centum of parity price.

1949—Par. (9). Act Aug. 29, 1949, struck out "cotton and" after "penalty for".

1941—Par. (10). Act Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 626, substituted "1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 and 1946 crops of the commodities cotton, corn, wheat, rice, tobacco and peanuts" for "1941 crop of the commodities cotton, corn, wheat, rice, or tobacco" and "for the marketing year beginning in the calendar year in which such crop is harvested" for "marketing year beginning in 1941."

Par. (12). Act Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 636, added par. (12).

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Amendment by section 319 of Pub. L. 87–703 effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Effective Date of 1953 Amendment

Amendment by act July 14, 1953, effective with respect to 1954 and subsequent crops of wheat, see section 5 of act July 14, 1953, set out as a note under section 1334 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

Administration of program of Commodity Credit Corporation transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §501, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7877, 60 Stat. 1100, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Exceptions From Transfer of Functions

Functions of Corporations of Department of Agriculture, boards of directors and officers of such corporations; Advisory Board of Commodity Credit Corporation; and Farm Credit Administration or any agency, officer or entity of, under, or subject to supervision of said Administration excepted from functions of officers, agencies, and employees transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to crops of wheat planted for harvest in calendar years 2014 through 2018, see section 9092(c) of this title.

Section inapplicable to crops of wheat planted for harvest in calendar years 2008 through 2012, see section 8782(c) of this title.

Section inapplicable to crops of wheat planted for harvest in calendar years 2002 through 2007, see section 7992(c) of this title.

Section inapplicable to crops of wheat planted for harvest in calendar years 1996 through 2002, see section 7301(c) of this title.

Pub. L. 101–624, title III, §304, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3400, provided that: "The joint resolution entitled 'A joint resolution relating to corn and wheat marketing quotas under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended', approved May 26, 1941 (7 U.S.C. 1330 and 1340) shall not be applicable to the crops of wheat planted for harvest in the calendar years 1991 through 1995."

Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §311, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1395, provided that: "The joint resolution entitled 'A joint resolution relating to corn and wheat marketing quotas under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended', approved May 26, 1941 (7 U.S.C. 1330 and 1340), shall not be applicable to the crops of wheat planted for harvest in the calendar years 1986 through 1990."

Pub. L. 97–98, title III, §304, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1227, provided that: "Public Law 74, Seventy-seventh Congress (55 Stat. 203, as amended) [this section] shall not be applicable to the crops of wheat planted for harvest in the calendar years 1982 through 1985."

Pub. L. 95–113, title IV, §406, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 927, provided that: "Public Law 74, Seventy-seventh Congress (55 Stat. 203, as amended) [this section] shall not be applicable to the crops of wheat planted for harvest in the calendar years 1978 through 1981."

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §406, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1367, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(13), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that: "Public Law 74, Seventy-seventh Congress (68 Stat. 905) [this section], shall not be applicable to the crops of wheat planted for harvest in the calendar years 1971 through 1977."

subpart iv—marketing quotas—cotton

§1341. Legislative findings

American cotton is a basic source of clothing and industrial products used by every person in the United States and by substantial numbers of people in foreign countries. American cotton is sold on a world-wide market and moves from the places of production almost entirely in interstate and foreign commerce to processing establishments located throughout the world at places outside the State where the cotton is produced.

Fluctuations in supplies of cotton and the marketing of excessive supplies of cotton in interstate and foreign commerce disrupt the orderly marketing of cotton in such commerce with consequent injury to and destruction of such commerce. Excessive supplies of cotton directly and materially affect the volume of cotton moving in interstate and foreign commerce and cause disparity in prices of cotton and industrial products moving in interstate and foreign commerce with consequent diminution of the volume of such commerce in industrial products.

The conditions affecting the production and marketing of cotton are such that, without Federal assistance, farmers, individually or in cooperation, cannot effectively prevent the recurrence of excessive supplies of cotton and fluctuations in supplies, cannot prevent indiscriminate dumping of excessive supplies on the Nation-wide and foreign markets, cannot maintain normal carry-overs of cotton, and cannot provide for the orderly marketing of cotton in interstate and foreign commerce.

It is in the interest of the general welfare that interstate and foreign commerce in cotton be protected from the burdens caused by the marketing of excessive supplies of cotton in such commerce, that a supply of cotton be maintained which is adequate to meet domestic consumption and export requirements in years of drought, flood, and other adverse conditions as well as in years of plenty, and that the soil resources of the Nation be not wasted in the production of excessive supplies of cotton.

The provisions of this subpart affording a cooperative plan to cotton producers are necessary and appropriate to prevent the burdens on interstate and foreign commerce caused by the marketing in such commerce of excessive supplies, and to promote, foster, and maintain an orderly flow of an adequate supply of cotton in such commerce.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §341, 52 Stat. 55.)

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

1947 Marketing Quotas and Acreage Allotments

Joint Res. July 24, 1946, ch. 616, 60 Stat. 662, suspended marketing quotas and acreage allotments for 1947 in view of the critical shortage of fats and oils and protein feeds.

§1342. National marketing quota; proclamation; amount; date of proclamation

Whenever during any calendar year the Secretary determines that the total supply of cotton for the marketing year beginning in such calendar year will exceed the normal supply for such marketing year, the Secretary shall proclaim such fact and a national marketing quota shall be in effect for the crop of cotton produced in the next calendar year. The Secretary shall also determine and specify in such proclamation the amount of the national marketing quota in terms of the number of bales of cotton (standard bales of five hundred pounds gross weight) adequate, together with (1) the estimated carry-over at the beginning of the marketing year which begins in the next calendar year and (2) the estimated imports during such marketing year, to make available a normal supply of cotton: Provided, That beginning with the 1961 crop, the national marketing quota shall be not less than a number of bales equal to the estimated domestic consumption and estimated exports (less estimated imports) for the marketing year for which the quota is proclaimed, except that the Secretary shall make such adjustment in the amount of such quota as he determines necessary after taking into consideration the estimated stocks of cotton in the United States (including the qualities of such stocks) and stocks in foreign countries which would be available for the marketing year for which the quota is being proclaimed if no adjustment of such quota is made hereunder, to assure the maintenance of adequate but not excessive stocks in the United States to provide a continuous and stable supply of the different qualities of cotton needed in the United States and in foreign cotton consuming countries, and for purposes of national security; but the Secretary, in making such adjustments, may not reduce the national marketing quota for any year below (i) one million bales less than the estimated domestic consumption and estimated exports for the marketing year for which such quota is being proclaimed, or (ii) ten million bales, whichever is larger. Such proclamation shall be made not later than October 15 of the calendar year in which such determination is made. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, the national marketing quota for cotton for 1957 and 1958 shall be not less than the number of bales required to provide a national acreage allotment for 1957 and 1958 equal to the national acreage allotment for 1956: Provided, That if the acreage allotment for any State for 1957 or 1958 is less than its allotment for the preceding year by more than 1 per centum, such State allotment shall be increased so that the reduction shall not exceed 1 per centum per annum, and the acreage required for such increase shall be in addition to the national acreage allotment for such year. Additional acreage apportioned to a State for 1957 or 1958 under the foregoing proviso shall not be taken into account in establishing future State allotments. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the national marketing quota for upland cotton for 1959 and subsequent years shall be not less than the number of bales required to provide a national acreage allotment for each such year of sixteen million acres.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §342, 52 Stat. 56; Aug. 29, 1949, ch. 518, §1, 63 Stat. 670; May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title III, §302, 70 Stat. 203; Pub. L. 85–835, title I, §103(1), (2), Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 989, 990.)

Amendments

1958—Pub. L. 85–835, §103(1), substituted proviso prescribing, beginning with the 1961 crop, a minimum national marketing quota for cotton equal to estimated domestic consumption and exports less imports subject to adjustment assuring maintenance of adequate but not excessive stocks, the adjustment not to reduce the national marketing quota for any year below the larger of (1) estimated domestic consumption and exports less one million bales or (2) ten million bales, for provisions prescribing for a national marketing quota not less than the smaller of ten million bales or one million bales less than estimated domestic consumption plus exports and providing for 1950 a national marketing quota based on a twenty-one million national acreage allotment.

Pub. L. 85–835, §103(2), provided for a national marketing quota for upland cotton for 1959 and subsequent years based on a sixteen million national acreage allotment.

1956—Act May 28, 1956, provided that national marketing quota for cotton for 1957 and 1958 shall not be less than the number of bales required to provide a national acreage allotment for 1957 and 1958 equal to national acreage allotment for 1956.

1949—Act Aug. 29, 1949, amended section generally to set up a national marketing quota and to provide for amount and proclamation of such quota.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Pub. L. 101–624, title V, §502, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3440, provided that: "Sections 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, and 377 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1342–1346 and 1377) shall not be applicable to any of the 1991 through 1995 crops of upland cotton."

Pub. L. 99–198, title V, §502, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1418, provided that: "Sections 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, and 377 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1342–1346 and 1377) [7 U.S.C. 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, and 1377] shall not be applicable to any of the 1986 through 1990 crops of upland cotton."

Pub. L. 98–88, §3, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 494, provided that: "Sections 342, 343, 344, 344a, 345, 346, and 377 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [sections 1342, 1343, 1344, 1344b, 1345, 1346, and 1377 of this title], shall not be applicable to the 1984 and subsequent crops of extra long staple cotton."

Pub. L. 97–98, title V, §501, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1234, provided that: "Sections 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, and 377 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 [sections 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, and 1377 of this title] shall not be applicable to upland cotton of the 1982 through 1985 crops."

Pub. L. 95–113, title VI, §601, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 933, provided that: "Sections 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, and 377 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [sections 1342, 1343, 1344, 1345, 1346, and 1377 of this title], shall not be applicable to upland cotton of the 1978 through 1981 crops."

Pub. L. 91–524, title VI, §601(1), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1371, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(19)(A), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 233, provided that this section shall not be applicable to upland cotton of 1971 through 1977 crops.

Preliminary Allotments for 1996 Crop of Upland Cotton

Pub. L. 101–624, title V, §505, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3440, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the permanent State, county, and farm base acreage allotments for the 1977 crop of upland cotton, adjusted for any underplantings in 1977 and reconstituted as provided in section 379 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1379), shall be the preliminary allotments for the 1996 crop."

Preliminary Allotments for 1991 Crop of Upland Cotton

Pub. L. 99–198, title V, §506, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1418, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the permanent State, county, and farm base acreage allotments for the 1977 crop of upland cotton, adjusted for any underplantings in 1977 and reconstituted as provided in section 379 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1379), shall be the preliminary allotments for the 1991 crop."

Preliminary Allotments for 1986 Crop of Upland Cotton

Pub. L. 97–98, title V, §506, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1241, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the permanent State, county, and farm base acreage allotments for the 1977 crop of upland cotton, adjusted for any underplantings in 1977 and reconstituted as provided in section 379 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [section 1379 of this title], shall again become effective as preliminary allotments for the 1986 crop."

Preliminary Allotments for 1982 Crop of Upland Cotton

Pub. L. 95–113, title VI, §606, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 940, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the permanent State, county, and farm base acreage allotments for the 1977 crop of upland cotton, adjusted for any underplantings in 1977 and reconstituted as provided in section 379 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [section 1379 of this title], shall again become effective as preliminary allotments for the 1982 crop."

§1342a. National cotton production goal

The Secretary shall, not later than November 15, of the calendar years 1970 through 1976 proclaim a national cotton production goal for the 1971 and subsequent crops of upland cotton. The national cotton production goal for any year shall be the number of bales of upland cotton (standard bales of four hundred and eighty pounds net weight) equal to the estimated domestic consumption and estimated exports for the marketing year beginning in the calendar year for which such national cotton production goal is proclaimed, plus an allowance of not less than 5 per centum of such estimated consumption and estimated exports for market expansion except that the Secretary shall make such adjustments in the amount of such production goal as he determines necessary after taking into consideration the estimated stocks of upland cotton in the United States (including the qualities of such stocks) and stocks in foreign countries, which would be available for the marketing year, to assure the maintenance of adequate but not excessive carryover stocks in the United States (not less than 50 per centum of the average offtake for the three preceding marketing years) to provide a continuous and stable supply of the different qualities of upland cotton needed in the United States and in foreign cotton consuming countries and, in addition, to provide an adequate reserve for purposes of national security.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §342a, as added Pub. L. 91–524, title VI, §601(2), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1371; amended Pub. L. 93–86, §1(19)(B), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 233.)

Amendments

1973—Pub. L. 93–86 substituted "1970 through 1976" for "1970, 1971, and 1972".

Effective Date

Pub. L. 91–524, title VI, §601, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1371, provided that this section is effective beginning with the 1971 crop of upland cotton.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

§1343. Referendum

Not later than December 15 following the issuance of the marketing quota proclamation provided for in section 1342 of this title, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum, by secret ballot, of farmers engaged in the production of cotton in the calendar year in which the referendum is held, to determine whether such farmers are in favor of or opposed to the quota so proclaimed. If more than one-third of the farmers voting in the referendum oppose the national marketing quota, such quota shall become ineffective upon proclamation of the results of the referendum. The Secretary shall proclaim the results of any referendum held hereunder within thirty days after the date of such referendum. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, the referendum with respect to the national marketing quota for cotton for the marketing year beginning August 1, 1986, may be conducted not later than thirty-one days after adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-ninth Congress.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §343, 52 Stat. 56; Apr. 7, 1938, ch. 107, §8, 52 Stat. 203; July 26, 1939, ch. 376, 53 Stat. 1125; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §207(c), 62 Stat. 1257; Aug. 29, 1949, ch. 518, §1, 63 Stat. 670; Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §415(e), 63 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 97–77, §2(c), Nov. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 1069; Pub. L. 99–157, §4, Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 818.)

Codification

Provision that if marketing quotas were proclaimed for the 1950 crop, farmers eligible to vote in the referendum with respect to such crop were to be those farmers who had produced cotton in the 1948 calendar year was omitted from the Code.

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–157 amended last sentence generally, substituting "August 1, 1986, may be conducted not later than thirty-one days after adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-ninth Congress" for "August 1, 1982, may be conducted not later than the earlier of the following: (1) thirty days after adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-seventh Congress, or (2) January 1, 1982".

1981—Pub. L. 97–77 inserted provision that the referendum with respect to the national marketing quota for cotton for the marketing year beginning Aug. 1, 1982, be conducted not later than the earlier of the following: (1) thirty days after adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-seventh Congress, or (2) Jan. 1, 1982.

1949—Act Aug. 29, 1949, amended section generally by providing for a secret referendum. Former provisions of this section are now covered by section 1342 of this title.

Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 31, 1949, repealed amendatory provisions of act July 3, 1948.

1948—Subsec. (a). Act July 3, 1948, required Secretary to take imports into consideration in determining acreage allotments for purposes of marketing quotas.

1939—Subsec. (b). Act July 26, 1939, inserted last sentence.

1938—Subsec. (c). Act Apr. 7, 1938, substituted "for any year" for "for 1938 and 1939".

Effective Date of 1948 Amendment

Amendment by act July 3, 1948, effective Jan. 1, 1950, see section 303 of act July 3, 1948, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 1984 and subsequent crops of extra long staple cotton, see section 3 of Pub. L. 98–88, set out as a note under section 1342 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of upland cotton, see section 502 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1342 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1986 through 1990 crops of upland cotton, see section 502 of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 1342 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1982 through 1985 crops of upland cotton, see section 501 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1342 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1978 through 1981 crops of upland cotton, see section 601 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1342 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–524, title VI, §601(1), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1371, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(19)(A), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 233, provided that this section is inapplicable to 1971 through 1977 crops of upland cotton.

§1344. Apportionment of national acreage allotments

(a) Basis

Whenever a national marketing quota is proclaimed under section 1342 of this title, the Secretary shall determine and proclaim a national acreage allotment for the crop of cotton to be produced in the next calendar year. The national acreage allotment for cotton shall be that acreage, based upon the national average yield per acre of cotton for the four years immediately preceding the calendar year in which the national marketing quota is proclaimed, required to make available from such crop an amount of cotton equal to the national marketing quota.

(b) Apportionment among States for year 1953 and subsequent years; adjustment; national acreage reserve

The national acreage allotment for cotton for 1953 and subsequent years shall be apportioned to the States on the basis of the acreage planted to cotton (including the acreage regarded as having been planted to cotton under the provisions of Public Law 12, Seventy-ninth Congress) during the five calendar years immediately preceding the calendar year in which the national marketing quota is proclaimed, with adjustments for abnormal weather conditions during such period: Provided, That there is established a national acreage reserve consisting of three hundred and ten thousand acres which shall be in addition to the national acreage allotment; and such reserve shall be apportioned to the States on the basis of their needs for additional acreage for establishing minimum farm allotments under subsection (f)(1), as determined by the Secretary without regard to State and county acreage reserves (except that the amount apportioned to Nevada shall be one thousand acres). For the 1960 and succeeding crops of cotton, the needs of States (other than Nevada) for such additional acreage for such purpose may be estimated by the Secretary, after taking into consideration such needs as determined or estimated for the preceding crop of cotton and the size of the national acreage allotment for such crop. The additional acreage so apportioned to the State shall be apportioned to the counties on the basis of the needs of the counties for such additional acreage for such purpose, and added to the county acreage allotment for apportionment to farms pursuant to subsection (f) of thi